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« Tfie  Farm  and  Garden. 


lEW  YOh-: 


Vol.  IV. 


SEPTEMBER,    ]884. 


No.  I. 


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SEPTEMBER  RAMBLES  OVER  THE  FARM 
AND    GARDEN. 


By  Joseph, 


Personally  I  detest  greens  ;  still  much  tlepends 
on  the  way  they  are  cooketl.  Of  course  I  like 
my  mothei-'s  way  best  (this  is  not  intended  as  a 
reflection  on  the  culinary  accomplishincnts  of 
my  "  Secretary  of  the  Iiiterior,"  and  partner 
through  life).  Well,  my  mother  always  served 
spinach  with  fried  eggs;  I  ate  the  eggs  and  left 
the  greens. 

Fiushiou  is  king.  No  other  power  is  strong 
enough  to  dictate  in  the  matter  of  taste.  No 
douht  greens  are  a  wholesome  dish,  and  many 
people  will  eat  them  merely  for  sanitary  rea.sons. 
But  where  greens  liave  heeome  a  fashionable 
dish,  there  is  no  safety  for  milk  weed,  cowslips, 
nor  liorseradish  leaves.  For  early  spring,  spin- 
ach is  probably  as  good  as  anything.  The  "round 
leaved"  may  be  sown  now,  on  higlily  manured, 
light  loam.  A  bed  just  cleared  of  onions  or 
peas,  or  any  other  early  crop,  is  a  very  good 
place.  In  very  cold  localities  a  thin  covering  of 
coarse  straw  during  the  winter  will  prove  to  be 
beneficial.  The  young  shoots  of  poke  weed 
<skoke,  pidgeon  berry,  plytolacca  decandra), 
make  excellent  (sic)  greens. 

In  the  South  greens  are  a  favorite  dish,  and 
the  southern  Price  turnip  is  largely  grown  for 
the  top.  Another  very  good  vegetable  for  this 
purptjse  is  the  C'uriy'  mustard  ;  I  have  not  seen  it 
mentioned  as  yet  in  tlie  catiilogues  of  any  seeds- 
men, and  probably  it  is  but  little  known.  The 
beautifully  fringed  leaves,  with  their  pungent 
flavors,  are  also  a  desirable  addition  to  our  salad 
materials.  . 

"fi 

There  are  absolutely  no  f  ales  by  which 

•we  could  determine  whnt  i  i  good  or  bad. 
Ta.ste  recognizes  neither  hiw  no.  ituthority.  The 
illiterate  mechanic  may  be  just  a.s  good  a  judge 
of  the  quality  of  difle'rent  varieties  of  potatoes 
as  the,  learned  M.  D.,  who,  after  mi.sconstruing 
some  remarks  of  mine,  until  he  made  me  appear 
to  be  an  advocate  of  tlie  Eai-ly  Rose  as  "  the  best 
potato,"  exclaims,  jvith  a  shru<;  of  his  shoulder, 
"  everyone  to  his  taste,"  then  adds,  "the  Rose  is 
good  enough  for  cheap  boardiog  houses."  Let 
liin.  show  up  his  diploma  as  "Grand  Master  of 


The  Easter  Lily  of  the  Bermidas  (a.s  grown  by  F.  R.  Pierson  &  Co..  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.).    Bee  pages  6  and  15. 


Epicureaii  Arts,"  or  give  up  his  pretensions  and 
self-conceit.  Good  taste  is  an  article  against  the 
deficiency  of  which  even  a  regular  diploma  is  no 
sure  protection.  At  least  I  know  a  number  of 
doctors  who,  having  sucked  themselves  full  at 
the  breasts  of  "alma  muler,"  are  longing  for  still 
more  spiritual  food,  and  will  suck  down  a  goblet 
full  of  the  vilest  whisky,  smack  their  lips,  and 
mentally  exclaim,  "gooil."  Everyone  to  his 
taste,  indeed.  Farmers  know  some  things  as 
well  as  doctors,  and  the  latter  should  not  be 
guilty  of  such  sentiments  as  "  what  does  the 
farmer  know  about  cucumljer  salad?" 
+ 
The  "best  potato,"  as  to  real  value,  is  the  one 
containing  the  largest  ]ierceiitage  of  solid  nutri- 
ment, that  i.s,  starch  and  albumen,  and  the  gusta- 


tory nerves  of  people  generally  ratify  the  verdict 
of  chemical  analysis.  It  is  the  starch  that  makes 
a  ])t»tato  cook  dry  and  meal\'.  In  regard  to  the 
stronger  or  milder  potato  flavor,  however,  peo- 
jiles'  taste  will  differ  as  long  as  potatoes  are 
grown.  Some  people  like  the  flavor  of  young, 
th.at  is,  still  immature,  potatoes;  to  my  mind 
these  are  watery,  because  deficient  in  starch,  and 
therefore  in  nutriment,  and  entirely  unfit  to  eat. 
But  everyone  to  his  taste. 

+ 
Let  me  speak  another  good  word  for  the  Early 
Oiiio,  whicli  sliould  not  be  confounded  with  an 
old  variety  bearing  a  similar  name.  I  have 
grown  it  for  about  ten  years,  ever  since  its  intro- 
duction^ by  Gregory,  in  Marblehead,  discarding 
the  Early  Rose  altogether,  and  have  found  it  to 


2 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


be  a  true  "queen  of  the  valley,  succeeding  best 
on  low,  moist,  rich   soils,  better  in  the  valleys 
than  on   uplands.      It    develops   a  remarkably 
larfe  amount  of  starch  in  a  much  earlier  stage  of 
growth  than  any  other  potato  known  to  me,  and 
cooks  dry  and  mealy  even  before  having  attained 
its  full  size.     In  point  of  earliness  the  Ohio  beats 
all  the  older  or  new  varieties  by  Jar,  Gem,  Sunrise, 
etc.,  note.xcepted.  It  bears  close  planting,  and  con- 
siderable neglect  without  injury.     As  a  keeper  it 
is  also  by  far  superior  to  anv  other  early  and  to  a 
great  manv  late  varieties.    The  Ohio  certainly  and 
decidedly 'deserves  of  more  general  cultivation. 
4> 
Some  strawberry  growers   are   recommending 
to  burn  the  mulch  on  the  bed,  after  the  straw- 
berries are  picked,  to  rid  the  bed  of  rust  and  the 
leaf  roller.     The  bed  will  soon  grow  up  again, 
and  the  rust  and  insects  are  destroyed. 
4" 
A  piece   of  reclaimed  swamp  Land,  in  a  very 
high  state  of  cultivation  (being  used  as  an  onion 
patch  for  a  number  of  years),   would  make   us 
the  finest  garden   spot   imaginable,    but   for  its 
situation,  that  is  close  proximity  to  my  neigh- 
bor's barn.      Vt\  cannot   raise   anything  on   it 
e-t'cept  poultry,  that  is,  the  poultry  of  said  neigh- 
bor; and  the'only  way  to  raise  that  is  with  the 
shotgun.     I  am  sorely  tempted  to  try  it,  or  raise 
a  fuss  with  the  old  man  himself.     Every  sum- 
mer, for  ten  vears,  he  has  promised  to  build  a 
picket  fence  along  the  line  and  around  his  barn- 
vard.     Last  spring  he  said  pickets  and  posts  were 
air  ready,  and  the  fence  would  be  up  in  less  than 
no  time.     So  I  planted  my  experimental  potato 
patch,   right  on   said   spot.     He   built   half  the 
fence   and   had   to   leave  the   rest   for   want  of 
material.      Now    his   hens   help  me   weed    and 
cultivate  my  e.xperimeutal  garden,  just  as  they 
have  done  for  the  last  ten  years.     I  i)lant  them, 
they   raise  them— out   of  the   ground,   and   eat 
them,  too  (the  pesky  things  are  always  hungry). 
There   is  a   point   where  forbearance  ceases   to 
be  a  virtue,  still  I  should  hate  to  resort  to  extreme 
measures.     I  might  place  pieces  of  potato  soakeii 
in  Paris  Green  water  among  the  vines,  to  get  rirf 
of  the  potato  bugs,  and  believe  the  hens  would 
a"lso,   and    verv   quickly    leave,   but    though    I 
would  not  pitv  mv  neighbor,  1  dislike  wholesale 
murder,    I    pity  the  hens,  and    will  have  to  let 
them   scratch.      A   law   suit  does    not  suit  my 
notion    it  is  too  slow,  too  much  trouble,  and  too 
unsatisfactory  all  around.     The  potatoes  would 
have  yielded  at  the  rate  of  500  or  600  bushels  per 
acre   at  the  least.     I  should  be  willing  to  let  my 
neighbor  or  his  hens  have  the  whole  crop  from 
the  patch,  but  the  results  of  carefully  conducted 
experiments  are  nearly  all  cost  for  one  year. 

"  Good  Lord,  deliver  me  from  neighbors  nearer 
than  a  mile." 

SEEOINQ  WHEAT. 
Bii  John  M.  Stahl,  St.  Zouia,  Mo. 


I  believe  the  foremost  advantage  of  drilling 
wheat  is  the  ridged  condition  of  the  ground. 
CerUin  it  is  that  it  was  the  chief  advantage  in 
the-  early  days  of  drills,  for  then  there  were  no 
perfected  force-feeds,  and  the  hoes  were  compara- 
tivJlv  rude,  and  as  a  result  the  grain  was  not 
distributed  more  evenlv  or  covered  more  uni- 
formlv  than  if  broadcasted.  Leaving  the  ground 
ridged  is  no  mean  aid  to  the  crops.  The  only 
protection  which  the  wheat  has  during  the  winter 
IS  the  snow.  It  would  be  an  ample  protection 
were  it  a  continuous  one.  But  snow  does  not  lie 
throughout  the  winter,  and  we  must  make  the 
mo»t  of  what  we  have.  The  winds  blow  the 
snow  off  from  the  wheat.  We  feel  this  most  in 
the  prairie  States,  where  the  wind  soon  drifts  the 
snoW  on  the  treeless,  level  land,  unless  the  snow 
should  be  very  wet.  On  the  hilly  lands  of  other 
States,  hill  crest  and  sides  are  apt  to  be  swept 
bare  Here  we  see  the  advantage  of  the  ridges 
left  by  the  drill.  In  the  little  hollows  left 
between,  the  snow  lies  securely  upon  the  wheat. 
The  point  then  is  to  make  these  ridges  as 
effective  as  possible.  As  the  winter  winds  pre- 
vail mostly  from  the  north,  the  ridges  should  not 
run  north'  and  south,  but  east  and  west.  Then 
the  wind  will  sweep  across  the  ridges;  otherwise 
it  will  sweep  along  them  and  catch  up  the  suow 
in  the  hollows. 

The  ridges  should  also  be  made  as  high  and  as 
enduring  as  possible.  The  way  to  accomplish 
this  is  to  have  the  ground  fine  and  solid  ;  and  it 
is  in  just  such  a  seed-bed  as  this  that  wheat 
delights.  Everything  is  gained  and  nothing  lost 
by  ploughing  the  ground  early,  and  then  keeping 
the  harrow  and  roller  at  work  until  every  clod  is 
reduced  to  a  powder,  and  the  fine  particles  are 
forced  closely  together.  The  more  opposition 
the  ground  offers  to  the  hoes  the  higher  will  they 
throw  it  into  ridges,  if  fine ;  and  the  finer  it  is  the 
more  uniform  the  ridges  will  be,  and  the  sooner 
will  they  become  solid. 


When  we  consider  the  importance  of  the  ridges 
we  perceive  that  it  is  very  injudicious  i  roll  the 
ground  after  the  wheat  has  been  dr  jd.  This 
levels  down  the  ridges,  and  by  forcin  the  earth 
down  into  the  hollows,  covers  the  gr  u  too  deep. 
I  have  never  known  this  to  be  done  that  it  did 
not  result  in  a  plain  injury  to  the  crops.  Yet  1 
often  see  it  recommended  by  agricultural  writers ; 
I  think  they  must  have  been  theoretical  men, 
who  never  stopped  to  think  what  the  result  of 
rolling  after  drilling  must  be.  I  firmly  believe 
in  running  the  roller  just  ahead  of  the  drill,  and 
practice  \vhat  I  believe,  in  this  ease  at  least;  but 
I  would  never  allow  the  roller  to  follow  the  drill. 
Leaving  the  ground  ridged  is  not  the  only 
advantage  drilling  now  has  over  broadcasting. 
With  the  force-feed  arrangement,  as  now  im- 
i.roved,  the  majority  of  the  drills  now  distribute 
the  grain  mucli  more  uniformly  than  can  be  done 
by  hand.  If  the  ground  is  at  all  rough,  lumpy, 
and  uneven,  it  is  imjiossible  to  broadcast  the  seed 
evenlv  Though  it  fall  as  it  should,  that  striking 
against  clods  and  ridges  will  fall  into  the  depres- 
sions. Then  very  few,  if  any  men,  can  throw 
grain  in  such  a  manner  that  it  will  fall  evenly 
upon  the  ground ;  and  if  there  is  a  breeze  blowing 
the  grain  will  be  distributed  more  unevenly.  It 
is  scarcely  possible  to  place  grain  more  evenly 
than  it  is 'done  by  a  good  force-feed  drill. 

The  drill  will  cover  the  seed  at  a  more  uni- 
form depth  than  will  broadcasting,  no  matter 
how  often  the  ground  is  Iiarrowed  or  brushed 
after  the  grain  has  been  broadcasted  upon  it, 
some  seed  will  reniiiin  on  the  surface,  while  the 
balance  will  be  covered  at  nil  depths  not  exceed- 
ing, say,  six  inches.  That  left  upon  the  surface, 
will  not  of  course,  germinate;  and  not  a  little 
will  be  covered  so  deep  that  the  plant  never  will 
reach  the  surface,  while  many  of  the  plants  that 
do  will  be  so  weakened  by  their  long  journey 
that  thev  will  be  crowded  down  by  their  nicjre 
fortunate  neighbors.  Hence  seed  is  saved  by 
drilling  When  broadcasted,  more  seed  must  be 
used  per  acre  than  when  drilled.  On  ]>roperlv 
prepared  ground,  a  drill  will  cover  the  grain  very 
uniformly.  The  hoes  will  run  at  very  nearly  the 
same  dep'th,  and  nearly  the  same  amount  of  dirt 
will  fall  back  upon  each  grain  of  seed.  Herein 
we  see  the  advantage  of  a  properly  prepared  seed- 
bed In  fact,  it  is  apparent  in  every  operation  of 
seeding.  When  the  ground  it  fitted  rightly,  the 
seed  can  be  put  in  the  ground  in  much  belter 
shape  than  wliere  the  ground  is  rough. 

I  cannot  see  the  advantages  of  clods  on  grountl 
where  the  wheat  is  drilled.  Cloddy  ground 
spoils  the  ridges  and  the  uniform  covering  of  the 
seed  Where  wheat  is  broadcasted,  I  believe 
ground  slightly  cloddy  is  the  best,  for  snow  will 
be  held  in  tlie  depressions  between  the  c  ods 
(iust  where  the  wheat  will  fiUl),  and  as  theelods 
are  mellowed  down  by  the  frost  during  the  win- 
ter the  disintegrated  earth  will  fall  upon  the 
root  of  the  wheat  which  the  frost  is  continually 
heaving  above  ground.  But  drill  ridges  accom- 
plish  both   these  advantages  of  the  clods,  and 

"so'^far  as  I  know,  the  hoes  of  all  wheat  drills 
are  made  eight  inches  apart.  I  believe  larger 
hoes  ten  inches,  or  even  a  foot  apart,  would  be 
better,  and  nearly  every  farmer  to  whom  1  have 
mentioned  the  matter  has  agreed  with  me.  Lar- 
ger hoes  placed  farther  apart  would  throw  up 
better  and  more  enduring  ridges,  and  the  sun 
could  better  penetrate  among  the  wheat. 

I  have  frequently  sowed  wheat  on  ground  so 
stumpy  that  it  was  impossible  to  drill  it.  Such 
ground  I  have  ridged  with  diamond  corn  plows. 
The  ground  is  thus  plowed  in  "lands.  In  the 
middle  of  the  "land"  two  furrows  are  made  at 
the  start,  throwing  the  dirt  out,  or  in  ojiposite 
directions.  The  next  furrows  are  run  in  the 
same  way,  about  six  inches  from  the  first.  In 
this  way  the  work  is  continued  constantly  work- 
ing tow'ards  the  outside  of  the  land.  Plows  cut- 
ting six  or  seven  inches  should  be  nsed  These 
will  leave  furrows  four  or  five  inches  wide,  ami  a 
high  ridge  six  inches  wide  between  them.  Ihe 
wheat  is  sown  broadcast  on  these  ridges  and 
covered  with  a  light  brush.  This  is  almost 
equivalent  to  drilling.  If  the  ground  is  properly 
prepared,  and  care  taken  in  making  the  furrows, 
the  furrows  will  be  of  the  same  depth  ;  and  as  the 
grain  falls  or  bounces  into  the  furrows,  it  will  be 
covered  uniformly,  while  fair  ridges  will  be  left 
after  covering,  to  hold  the  suow. 


Broadcasting  is  a  poor  way  to  sow  wheat  oa 
our  Western  jirairies.  wiiere  the  land  is  level^ 
there  are  no  protecting  tinil>er  belts,  the  winds 
are  strong,  and  the  suowfuU  is  never  great.  If 
answers  better  in  the  eastern  and  north-eastera 
States;  but  even  in  those  1  consider  drilling  a- 
much  better  way  of  seeding  wheat. 

We  do  not  pay  that  attention  to  the  selectioa 
of  seed  that  we  should.  Some  of  my  neighbors 
are  very  sure  that  wheat  turns  to  cheat,  but  it 
has  never  done  so  for  me,  for  I  never  sow  cheat;: 
and  having  never  raised  any,  there  is  none  in  the 
ground  to  germinate  when  conditions  are  favora- 
ble. Cheat  is  a  much  more  hardy  plant  than 
wheat,  and  the  seed  has  greater  vitality  ;  hence  a. 
seed  rarely  tails  to  germinate  or  a  plant  to  grow, 
stool,  and  mature,  and  as  a  result  cheat  will  gain 
very  fast  upon  wheat.  He  who  sows  cheat,  can 
understand  what  it  is  to  sow  the  wind  and  reap 
the  whirlwind.  This  is  equally  true  of  rye. 
The  seed  of  rye  has  more  vitality,  and  the  plant 
more  vigor  tlian  of  wheat.  Almost  every  seed  of" 
rye  is  sure  to  mature  a  good  stool.  When  we 
consider  that  if  wheat  were,  without  the  loss  of  a 
grain,  to  stool  and  head  moderately  well,  it 
would  increase  six  hundred  fuld,  and  that  where- 
we  sowed  a  bushel,  we  would  reap  six  hundred, 
we  can  underslaml  how  clieat  and  rye,  which  d» 
stool  and  head  moderately  well,  can  gain  so  fast 
upon  the  wheat.  "  Wha't-soever  a  man  soweth,, 
that  shall  he  reap,"  and  nothing  more  ;  sow  pure- 
wheat,  and  that  alone. 

Sowing  shrunken  seed  is  shortsighted  policy, 
though  often  done.  Shrunken  grains  are  not  so 
good  for  seed  as  jilump  grains.  The  substance  ot" 
the  grain  is  a  wise  provision  of  nature  to  nourish 
the  idant  until  it  can  expand  its  foliage  above- 
ground,  until  which  time  it  cannot  utilize  the 
food  in  the  soil.  A  shrunken  grain  may  be  con- 
sumed before  the  )dant  reaches  above  ground, 
and  the  j)laiit  must  die. 


GARDENING  IN  FLORIDA. 
Bi;  II'.  C.  S. 


^nn  scrap  Pictures,  no  2  alike.  &  .set  of  4  largp  Artv. 
lOOsSrdSfor  IOC.    C.  C.  DePUY,  Syracuse,  N.  Y . 


"Joseph"  has  written  about  "  Golden  Oppor- 
tunites  in  the  South,"  in  glowing  colors. 

I  do  not  know  that  he  has  overdrawn  his  de- 
scription, or  exaggerated  in  his  statements  as  to- 
what  can  he  done.  Indeed  I  am  sure  that  many 
of  them  might  be  realized  in  Florida.  In  fact 
many  are  already  enjoying  the  fruit  of  their  labor 
in  golden  harvests. 

Several  things,  however,  are  indispensible  to- 
success.  First  and  most  important  in  the  list  I 
jilaee  industry,  second,  patience,  third,  jiersever- 
ance,  fourth,  experience,  or  lacking  that,  a  wil- 
lingness to  learn  from  those  who  have  had! 
experience,  fifth,  capital,  or  lacking  this,  then, 
the  muscular  ability  to  do  io^s  of  hard  work.  I 
will  speak  more  fully,  as  to  these  items,  beiore  I 
close. 

(Jrange  growing  in  Florida  has  attracted  sO' 
much  attention  throughout  tlie  North,  that  mc-st 
people  there  seem  to  think  that  that  is  tlie  only 
industry  of  the  State.  But  the  truth  is  that  there- 
are  nearly  as  many  engaged  in  growing  straw- 
berries and  vegetables  for  northern  markets  as  in 
growing  oranges.  I  have  no  statistics  available- 
for  comparison,  but  I  am  sure  that  the  receipts- 
from  the  sale  of  berries  and  vegetables  by  the- 
gardeners  in  this  State,  would  make  a  very 
respectable  showing  beside  the  income  from  the 
orange  crop.  A  very  large  proportion  of  those 
who  are  starting  orange  g«)ves  here,  have  not 
suflicient  means  to  be  able  T.o  devote  themselves- 
entirely  to  their  groves  for  the  ten  or  fifteen  years 
which  "are  necessary  to  produce  a  paying  or  even 
a  self-supporting  grove.  Very  many  put  every 
available  dollar  int«  their  grove  within  the  first 
year  or  two.  As  orange  trees  seldom  make  any- 
return  f  jr  four  or  five  years,  and  hardly  a  profita- 
ble crop  under  ten  years,  it  becomes  necessary  for 
the  owners  to  resort  to  some  other  means  of  sup- 
iiort  Thus  it  happens  that  many  groves  are 
planted  with  vegetable  crops  for  several  years 
usually  until  thetrees  shade  the  ground  so  much, 
that  ilo  other  crop  can  be  profitably  grown- 
among  them.  . 

Fruit  growing  and  market  gardening  are  car- 
ried on  so  differently  in  Florida,  from  the  same 
business  at  the  North,  that  a  successful  man  there 

might  easily  fail   here,  at  least   the   first  year, 

unless   he   was  unusually  meek   and  willing  to 

iTTlt  A  I,  WOU  I.D.  superb,  lll'sfd.  ?1  monthl.v,  free- 
1  ,  car  Now  "or  ?1 "  ad.  and  21c.  Highland  Park.  III. 


0X5.(1-4  PRICE)  2  ANT 


l-RATTLERS  (MAIL) 


L.  ..li^l-t^U  m.  Ill  i%  Writing  (/lorouflWyfnwftf 
'HOR T H  ANDbyirmfl  or  personally. 

|"^o"   proc.n-ed  for  pu™^  ^vhe^  conu^^^^^^ 
'end  for  Circular.  W.  tJ.  CHAFFi-b.  Oswego, i>.  i. 


'I*  «HAINS.  Northern-grown.    New  Testedi 

'U  (Jlbu   per  A.)  Wheat.  Oats,  Corn,  Potatoe.s,. 

Vtc   PureSee<l9cheRP.  Plaiitsby  thousands   Cat- 

alogile  free.  J.  F^AJ.ZEK.  La  Crogse^jVig^ 

^•InES  strawberries,  Blackberries^ 

etc    KielTri-  nii'l    I'e,<'""'fi 

I'tnrs.  Price-list  Free.  Address  Joel 

Horner  i  Son.  Merchanlville,  N.  J- 


SE!! 
GRAPE 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN, 


learn  from  those  who,  having  been  here  several 
VL-ars,  liave  thus  acquired  tlie  necessary  experi- 
ence. It  is  not  enoutjh  to  know  that  crops  must 
he  planted  at  a  different  season  ;  they  -require 
different  treatment  l)ath  in  growing  and  in  mar- 
keting.. It  is  not  niy  Lntention  .to,  give  a  treatise 
on  market  gardening,  with  specific  directions  for 
the  cultivation  and  marketing  ot  each'crop,  to  do 
so  would  fill  all  tlie  pages  of  the  Fakm  and 
Garden,  to  tlie  e.^Lclusion  of  much  more  interest- 
ing and  valuable  matter.  As  an  illustration, 
however,  I  will  say,  that  in  packing  tomatoes  for 
shipment,  eacli  one  is  wrapped  in  light  manilla 
paper,  such  as  is  used  in  ])acking  oranges.  They 
are  picked  before  they  begin  to  turn  red,  and  if 
when  wrapping  them^  the  packer  finds  one  that 
is  colored  at  all,  it  is  thrown  out  as  being  loo 
ripe. 

The  principal  crops  grown  in  this  State  are 
strawberries,  tomatoes,  string  beans,  cucumbers, 
cabbage,  watermelons,  and  Irish  potatoes.  There 
are  also  smaller  quantities  of  Bermuda  onions, 
peas,  egg  plants,  &c.,  &c.  All  things  considered, 
tomatoes  are  probably  the  most  profitable  crop, 
and  therefore  the  most  extensively  grown. 

A  neighbor  realized,  two  or  three  years  ago,  a 
net  profit  of  $300  per  acre  from  a  crop  of  tomatoes, 
and  in  the  expenses  he  counted  the  cost  of  labor, 
but  such  success  is  unusual.  The  lift  profit  will 
seldom  reach  $200  per  acre,  the  average  will  not 
exceed  .$100. 

Strawberries  would  usually  be  the  most  profit- 
able crop,  if  it  were  not  for  the  lack  of  good 
shipping  facilities.  The  berries  cannot  be  sent 
except  in  refrigerators.  As  the  business  is  small 
yet,  there  is  but  little  competition,  and  the 
owners  of  the  refrigerator  lines  and  the  commis- 
sion men  between  them,  manage  to  get  the  lion's 
share  of  the  proceeds,  and  eat  up  about  all  tlie 
profits.  Tiiough  small  as  yet,  still  there  are 
thousands  of  quarts  sent  north  every  winter,  but 
the  expense  of  freight,  rent  of  refrigerators, 
commission  &c.,  &c.,  eat  up  the  profits  so  that 
berries  which  sell  in  the  northern  market  for 
from  two  to  three  dollars  per  quart,  return  the 
grower  less  than  one  dollar  per  quart'  Tiie 
average  net  price  to  the  grower  in  ^his  State 
seldom  exceeds  twenty  to  thirty  cents  per  quart. 
Still  at  that  price  they  would  be  very  profitable 
if  the  crop  would  all  rijien  up  in  a  few  weeks  as 
at  the  north.  But  they  begin  to  ripen  here  in 
January  or  February,  and  last  until  June,  or 
about  six  months.  It  does  not  pay  to  semi  straw- 
berries North  much  later  than  .\pril  1st,  and 
often  not  so  late  as  that.  The  crop  from  an  acre 
here  will  not  exceed,  in  a  year,  that  of  a  good 
bed  at  the  North,  and  as  it  is  scattered  over  a 
period  of  six  months,  of  course  single  pickings 
are  small. 

Wherever  a  grower  has  means  to  go  into  the 
business  largely  and  buy  and  use  his  own  refrig- 
erator for  shipping  the  fruit,  the  jirolils  may  be 
more  than  doubled.  Several  growers  in  one 
neighborhood  might  Cfimbine  and  do  the  same 
thing. '  As  it  is,  growers  have  realized  in  favora- 
ble seasons,  from  $600  to  $1000  per  acre.  The 
two  greatest  drawbacks,  which  render  the  croi< 
uncertain  and  deter  many  from  attempting  to 
grow  strawberries,  are  droutli  ami  frost.  The 
hot  summers  usually  burn  up  most  of  the  old 
plants,  so  that  to  be  successful  a  new  bed  should 
be  set  every  year.  This  must  be  done  in  Sep- 
tember or  October,  and  often  at  that  time  there 
is  so  great  a  drouth  tliat  it  is  almost  impossible 
to  get  the  plants  to  live.  A  neighbor  set  a  large 
bed  last  fall,  some  forty  or  fifty  dollars  worth  of 
I>lants.  Owing  to  severe  and  protracted  drouth 
many  died  outright  and  those  that  lived  were  so 
stunted  that  he  did  not  sell  a  quart  of  berries,  in 
fact,  hardly  a  l>erry  ripened  before  the  shipping 
season  was  over. 

Last  fall,  many  plants  in  one  old  bed  near  me, 
survived  the  drought,  blossomed  in  November, 
and  ripened  some  berries  in  December,  a  small 
mess  being  jiicked  Christmas  day.  But  the  first 
week  in  January  we  had  an  exceptionally  cold 
spell,  which  destoyed  all  the  green  fruit,  bhissonis 
and  buds,  so  that  no  more  berries  ripened  until 
late  in  February. 


NO  EXCELLENCE  'WITHOUT  LABOR. 


The  Experiences  of  a  Vtrfjinia  Farmrr. 


No.  '2. 
The  clevis  to  the  plow  was  not  to  be  found  this 
morning.  The  "lioys"  did  not  know  where  it 
could  be,  and  some  little  time  was  spent  in  look- 
ing for  it,  when,  as  I  was  going  from  the  shop  to 
the  barn,  i  hit  something  in  the  grass  that,  by  its 
ring,  I  knew  to  be  iron;  There  it  was.  Although 
ever  since  they  were  ir  my  employ  I  had  done 
all  I  could  to  teach  them  the  necessity  of  order, 
a  place  for  everything  and  to  put  afl  things  in 
their  places  when  the  use  for  them  was  over,  the 


careless  tricks  still  clung  to  them.  Unacetistomed 
from  their  earliest  life,  to  discipline,  it  was  hard 
to  be  trai'    'd. 

When  V  Sd,  a  tool  was  left  with  the  end  of  the 
job,  and  '.i  'en  wanted,  to  be  hunted'  up.  I  re* 
peatedly  U''  uiigUtt.lieni.to  uuike.it  a'pi?>ctict«  to 
jiut  uj)  eiTi/rytoi'l,  wlu-ii  tliryuuh  with  it,  iii  the 
])roper  pUiee,,)iut  ^the  rcpl^';  eaine  tliat,  if  tiiey 
always  did  so  so  niueh  tiriie  would  be  wastrtl 
that  iittle.else' could  lie  done.  The  shovels  and 
hoes  were  left  as  used,  covered  with  mud  and 
manure,  and  soon  became  rusty  ahd^in  no  condi- 
tion to  be  used.  Harness  and  other  implements 
were  out  of  repair,  but  no  time  could  be  takeiLto 
mend  them,  and  soon  we  could  hardly  get  tools 
enough  to  do  the  work  with: 

This  careless  and  disorderly  way  of  procedure 
in  any  kind  of  business  is  one  of  the  greatest 
hindrances  to  success,  and  is  the  worst  to  con- 
tend with  of  almost  any  phase  of  life.  Although 
I  thought'I  had  been  thorough  in  expressing  my 
wishes  to  make  order  the  first  as  well  as  the  con- 
tinned  duty  in  every  move  that  was  made,  I 
found  that  it  had  to  be  understood  that  it  must 
be  complied  with.  Here  on  the  farm  it  was  as 
imperative  to  observe  it  as  in  a  factory  or  the 
supposed  higher  and  more  refined  and  elevated 
departments  of  life.  Earth's  laboratory,  where 
the  food  is  generated,  stands  at  the  foundation  of 
the  pyranjid  of  existence,  and  here  order  should 
be  the  watchwortt,'aiid  every  workman  its  faithr 
ful  servant. 

Finally,  when  I  saw  I  coulil  not  teach  to  efl^ect 
by  advice  through  kind  words,  and  though  an 
effort  was  now  and  then  made  to  j>ut  up  the  tools, 
the  general  tendency  being  a  continuance  of 
thoughtless,  heedless  carelessness,  I  told  them, 
at  last,  if  they  wished  to  stay  with  me  I  must  be 
allowed  to  tell  them  how  I  desired  my  work 
done,  and  that  they  must  follow  out  my  wishes 
or  else  seek  other  situations.  At  first  argument 
and  objections  to  this  request  were  made,  but 
like  the  excuses  of  all  careless  ones,  they  were 
oui  of  place,  as  they  admitted  that  they  received 
pay  from  me  for  their  work,  which  was  performed 
for  me,  not  them,  and  that  it  was  their  duty  to 
work  in  my  interest  and  follow  out  my  plans. 
The  problem  was  solved  when  they  saw  their  re- 
lation to  their  employer.  I  could  not  exjiect 
perfect  order  at  once,  but  the  disposition  grew 
apace,  and  soon  all  the  tools  were  cleaned  when 
through  their  use  and  put  up  in  their  places. 
Pride  took  the  place  of  indifference,  and  care  and 
promptness  made  my  help  more  reliable  every 
month.  The  "boys"  now  began  to  see  that  there  is 
no  excellence  without  labor. 

The  place  just  oceu])ied  by  us  had  been  rented 
out  for  many  years  to  those  who  cared  only  for 
what  could  be  gathered  with  the  smallest  amount 
of  work  possible.  Of  course,  there  could  be  no 
I>erraanent  improvements  expected  from  a  tenant 
where  capital  was  required  to  make  them,  and 
when  labor  was  all  the  eai)ital  possessed.  This  was 
sparely  used,  outside  of  that  which  was  thought 
to  be  of  present  return  as  compensation.  So  it 
went  from  year  to  year.  The  worms  were  al- 
lowed to  denude  the  fruit  trees,  which  laid  bare 
their  boles  to  the  scorching  heat  of  the  fierce 
summer's  sun,  and  most  of  them  lost  the  bark 
from  that  side  so  exposed.  Few  remain  that  are 
not  as  good  as  dead.  Fences  all  destroyed, 
hedges  and  weeds  and  patches  of  brush  dot  this 
pretty -surfaced  land,  while  the  buildings,  though 
apparently  in  good  condition,  are  sadly  out  of 
repair. 

Little,  save  by  dint  of  hard  work,  could  be  ex- 
pected the  first  year.  To  know  what  is  really 
most  profitable  to  be  done  requires  a  little  time 
to  become  acquainted  with  the  different  qualities 
and  conditions  of  the  soil.  So  we  make  this  an 
experimental  year,  hoping  to  make  less  mistakes 
each  succeeding  year  from  the  past  failures.  One 
jirineiple  must  be  followed  or  failure  may  any- 
where be  the  sequel  of  our  ever  so  hardly-per- 
formed work.  This  is  to  do  well  all  we  under- 
take, and  in  fiirming,  though  it  is  on  a  rented 
place,  we  can  only  meet  with  success  by  thorough 
work.  It  will  not  pay  to  get  a  half  crop.  The 
same  time  is  expended  that  is  required  for  more  ; 
save  that  when  lar(je  crops  are  made  more  work 
must  be  done. 

The  old  saying  that  "  it  takes  a  year  to  make  a 
kernel  of  corn,"  is  not  appreciated,  but  when  it 
is  said  that  but  one  crop  of  corn  can  be  made  per 
year,  it  is  easily  seen  as  a  fact.  The  whole  year 
is  passed  and  has  to  be  provided  for  while  one 
crop  is  produced.  Now,  if  but  a  half  crop  is 
made,  there  is  usually  a  waste  somewhere,  and  it 
matters  not  whether  it  is  in  stingily  working  our 
land,  and  as  stingily  supplying  food  for  the  crops, 
or  in  any  other  manner  of  bad  planning,  or  ac- 
tual waste  of  time.  It  all  amounts  to  the  same 
result — small  pay  for  whatever  work  is  done.  As 
the  man  who,  to  evade  th«  encroaching  briers 
and  brush  that  are  growing  around  his  field,  in- 
stead of  cutting  them  off  and  making  a  thorough 


job  of  destroying  the  hedges  that  year  by  year 
grow  wider  until  he  is  surrounded,  with  hut  a 
small  area  left  him  in  the- centre.  So  he  who 
tills  in  a  slip-shod  manner,  year  by  year,  allows 
the  subsoil  to -grow  harder  and  nearer,  the  sur- 
.|.fUee,  and>  l»nil,iget:s/jKivr«p  i.ij.-|'lABt  tbodtwbere 
■^he  .roots  can  reaeh  it.  ^wiujfhe  farm  is'^run 
ilif,"~auil>Iie)SBeks  for  anew  fieUI'lo  again  be  )'«« 
««?,  becan'se' J)»IJirailyJ>^  will  folkiw  this  same 
course.  ■         ■  ■ 

PRESER'TING  'WATERMELONS  AND  SQUASHES. 


Bij  W.  V.  Soynton,  Appleton,  WU. 


It  is  not  generally  known-,  I  think,  that  water- 
melons can  be*  kept  iii  good  condition  up  to'  tlie 
fore, part  of  winter.  I  am  led  to  think  that  it  is 
not  generally  known  from  the  fact  that  it  is.  but 
little  practiced.  The  watermelon  is  too  'fi,»e  a 
fruit  to  be  restricted  to  any  two,  or  three  weeks 
of  the  year,  when  it  may  be  enjoyed  for  almost 
as  many  months.  .  ■      .  ; 

Many  of  the  readers  of  THE  Farm  and 
Garden  may  know  how  this  desirable.,  result  is 
to  be  obtained,  but  I  think  that  it  will  not  come 
amiss  to  give  them  a  fresh  reminder, .while  the 
mass-who  have  never  given  thesubjjtct  a  moments 
thonght  may  gain  an  idea,  th»t,lfpnr^to  actual 
practice,  will  add  much  to  their  eiijoyiuent  and 
satisfaction.  1  hardly  need  tell  you /«/«•  itjcaii 
be  done,  as  the  process  is  so  simple  that  it  is  the 
first  that  would  naturally  come  to  mind.  The 
main  idea  with  me  in  writing  this,  is  to  tell  you 
that  it  can  be  done. 

The  melons  that  are  to  be  preserved,  should  be 
picked  as  late  in  the  season  as  the  frost  will  per- 
mit, and  those  that  are  to  be  stored  away  should 
be  just  a  little  green — say  a  week  before  ripening. 
If  picked  at  that  particular  stage,  and  laid  away 
as  hereafter  directed,  they  will  ripen  verj'  slowly, 
occupying  about  three  weeks,  perhaps,  after 
which  they  will  retain  their  best  qualities  for 
many  days,  and  then  commence  a  gradual  deter- 
ioration. 

The  melons  should  be  packed  in  sawdust,  bran, 
oats,  chaff,  or  any  such  ilry,  tine  material  that 
will  keep  the  fruit  cool,  but  still  prevent  decay. 
A  large  packing  box  placed  in  the  woodshed  or 
any  such  airy,  dry  place,  may  be  filled  with 
melons,  and  packing  material,  at  very  little  labor. 
X  dry,  cool  cellar  woulil  no  doubt  be  still  better. 
Try  a  few  this  season,  and  see  if  you  are  not  Weil 
repaid  for  your  pains.  F>emeniber  that  late 
varieties  of  large  size  are  usually  the  best  keepers. 

I  always  pride  myself  on  having  a  good  supply 
of  sound  squash  all  Winter,  and  along  into  the 
Spring.  It  is  not  a  hard  matter  to  tlo  this  if  one 
goes  at  it  right,  yet  I  find  that  comparatively  few 
manage  to  keep  them  even  up  to  mid-winter. 
It  is  not  at  all  surprising  that  they  do  notsucceed 
ill  keeping  them  longer,  when  we  consider  the 
methods  of  handling  jiracticed  nifist  comnionlv. 

In  the  first  place  they  must  be  carefully  gath- 
ered. The  usual  way  of  driving  along  with  the 
wagon  box  and  pitching  the  squashes  into  it  from 
both  sides,  will  not  answer.  They  are  sure  to  be 
jammed  and  bruised  by  this  means,  and  whenever 
they  are  bruised  they  will  soon  decay.  A  sled  or 
stone-boat  should  be  used  for  hauling  them  to  the 
cellar,  for  they  may  be  picked  and  carefully  laid 
into  a  low  conveyance  of  this  kimt.  Instead  of 
being  jiiled  in  a  heap  in  the  cellar,  place  them 
in  tiers  on  broad  shelves  or  staging,  that  the 
weight  of  many  may  not  press  upon  one.  I  will 
warrant  squashes  so  treated  to  last  all  winter. 


COAL  TAR  IN  THE  GARDEN. 


By  Anna  (rriscom. 


A  lady,  with  ample  grounds  and  skilled  in  the 
culture  of  fVuit,  gave  us  her  experience  in  using 
coal  tar  water  among  her  plants. 

She  found  it  a  certain  remedy  for  rose  slugs, 
cabbage  worms,  mildew  on  gooseberries,  and  a 
preventive  of  mildew  on  grape  vines.  One 
vine  subject  to  it,  never  had  it  after  a  yearly 
application  of  tar  water.  She  thought  it  might 
even  destroy  potato  bugs,  as  it  had  done  such 
good  work  in  other  respects. 

She  used  it  in  the  following  proportions.  To 
three  gallons  of  coal  tar  she  used  a  barrel  of 
water.  To  one  gallon  of  tar,  three  gallons  of 
water.  She  stirred  it  up  well  and  then  let  it 
settle.  The  quantity  of  tar  given  here  will  last 
for  five  or  six  years,  using  it  once  a  year.  She 
has  never  been  troubled  with  destructive  insects 
since  she  has  used  it.  As  its  odor  is  healthy,  it 
deserves  a  trial  in  lieu  of  so  majiy  poisonous 
substances  recommended  as  fatal  to  insects. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


Ol^GHAI^D  AND  SMALL  Fl^UIliS 


The  Marlboro  Raspberry,  originated  by  Messrs. 
A.  .1.  Caywooil  &  Son,  illusirated  above,  i-; 
elainieil  to  be  the  u'realest  aeqiiisitioii  introilueed 
in  many  years.  We  hope  it  may  prove  equal 
to  the  expectations.  Tlie  jilant  is  as  strong  and 
vigorous  as  the  Cuthbert.  Hardy  when  the  mer- 
eury  goes  to  20°  below  Zero.  Very  productive ; 
fruit  of  large  size,  bright  red  color. 


FBOITS  FOB  FABMERS. 


Hy  .Siunufl  C.  Moon,  MorrisviUt:,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa. 

Within  the  last  few  years  there  has  been  much 
more  attention  given  to  tlie  proper  stocking  of 
farms  witli  fruit' trees  and  plants,  than  was  for- 
merly done.  Still  there  is  room  for  improvement 
in  this  important  respect.  Many  farmer's  fami- 
lies are  not  as  well  supplied  with  fresh  fruits  as 
persons  in  similar  circumstances  are,  who  live  in 
the  cities.  One  of  the  essential  requisites  of  a 
"JirsI  clii.ix"  farm  is  to  be  furnished  with  orchards 
which  will  produce  an  abundance  of  fresh  fruit 
for  all  wlio  live  upon  it,  all  the  year  round. 

Tliis  mucli  sliould  be  done  at  least,  for  the 
economy,  convenience,  health  and  luxury  of  tlie 
farmer's  family.  But  a  good  orchard  (and  it 
need  not  be  a  large  one)  if  properly  managed  will 
do  more  than  this.  If  the  surplus  fruit  is  gath- 
ered and  utilized  to  liest  advantage,  it  will  return 
considerable  money  into  the  treasury. 

It  requires  but  a  small  crop  of  fruit  to  pay  for 
the  value  of  land  whieli  the  trees  occupy.  We 
have  before  expressed  the  idea  in  this  paper,  but 
would  repeat  it : — "  That  the  judicious  and  taste- 
tul  planting  of  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  enhan- 
ces the  value  of  real  estate  more  than  an  equal 
amount  of  money  invested  in  any  other  way." 

■The  necessary  requisites  for  success  in  fruit 
culture  are: — To  select  the  varieties  best  adapted 
to  the  locality  ;  to  secure  good  young  trees  or 
plants;  to  plant  them  in  good  soil,  about  as  deep 
as  they  stood  in  the  nursery  ;  to  kee]i  the  ground 
clean  and  in  good  order ;  to  preserve  them  from 
injurv  bv  insects. 

Tliere  are  varieties  nf  all  the  fruits  which  will 
thrive  on  almost  any  kind  of  soil.  It  is  necessary 
for  a  planter  to  aseert!iin  which  varieties  are  best 
suited  to  his  soil  and  situation,  plant  them  care- 
fully, give  them  a  little  subsequent  care  and 
attention,  and  keep  the  ground  clean  and  in  good 


6  Quinces,  plant  10  feet  apart.  Champion, 
Reas  Mammoth,  Orange  or  Apple. 

Peaches,  plant  12  trees  every  other  year,  16 
feet  apart,  or  between  the  j-j^iiple  trees,  but  never 
plant  peaches  twice  on  the  same  land. 

Plant  Grape  vines  eight  feel  apart,  all  around 
the  barns  and  other  buildings,  the  southern  and 
western  exposures  are  the  favorite  locations. 
Telegraph,  Hartford  Prolific,  Brighton,  Wilder 
(Roger's  No.  4),  Concord,  Martha,  Diana,  Wor- 
den,  Lady  Washington,  Agawam,  Catawba, 
Clinton.  If  the  vines  are  to  be  neglected  and 
they  must  shift  for  tliemselves,  as  is  too  often  the 
case,  Concord  and  Clinton  will  be  the  most  likely 
to  succeed. 

2  Grafted  Chestnut  trees,  plant  40  feet  apart. 
" Nunibo"  tlie  large  improved  European  variety. 

12  Currants,  plant  5  feet  apart.  Cherry,  Red 
Dutch,  Fay's  Prolific  new. 

12  Gooseberries,  plant  5  feet  apart.    American, 
Clu.ster  and  Downing's. 

50  Raspberries,  jilant  4  feet  apart.  Cuthhert, 
Red  ;  Gregg,  Black  Cap. 

25  Blackberries,  plant  6  feet  apart.  Wilson's 
Early,  Kittatinny  and  Missouri  Mammoth. 

200  Strawberries,  plant  li  feet  apart.  25  Cres- 
cent, 50  Manchester,  60  Sharpless,  25  Charles 
Downing,  25  Wilson's  Albany,  25  Kentucky. 

100  As|)aragus  Roots,  plant  2  feet  apart. 

Remember  that  all  kinds  of  fruit  need  good 
land  and  frequent  manuring. 


OBCHABD  INSECTS.-No.   4. 
Bi/  Ell  Mliu-li,  Shiloh,  X.  J. 


condition.  We  recommend  clean  and  thorough 
cultivation  in  an  orchanl  while  the  trees  are 
small,  but  after  they  attain  bearing  age,  get 
t  into  sod,  and  keep  it  so,  but  do  not  allow 
any  grass  to  grow  within  three  feet  of  the  trees. 
Keep  tliis  circle  mulched  with  coal  lushes,  leaves, 
litter  or  stones.  Keep  hogs  in  the  orchard  all 
summer,  and  let  them  root  all  they  will.  Ma- 
nure everv  three  years  Just  in  |)roportion  to  the 
amount  of  fruit  that  it  is  desirecl  to  gather. 

Small  fruits  must  be  kept  clean  and  well  culti- 
vated at  all  times,  and  should  be  manured 
annuallv.  Mulching  is  of  very  great  importance 
to  all  kinds  of  small  fruits  ;'in  fact,  to  almost 
every  crop,  and  should  be  attended  to  more  than 
is  usually  done.  Horse-stable  manure  is  the  best 
and  most  complete  fertilizer  for  all  kinds  of  fruit 
trees  and  plants.  Next  to  this  is  decomposed 
animal  matter  and  ground  bone. 

It  is  not  an  extravagant  a.ssertion  to  say  that 
"  farmers  inav  have  fresh  fruit  of  their  own  rais- 
ing, everv  dav  in  the  year."  We  have  tried  it 
and  know  that  it  can  be  done  without  an  expen- 
sive fruit  house  or  any  other  facilities  than  those 
which  are  usually  found  on  the  farm. 

By  exercising  a  little  care  and  judgment  in 
selecting  and  handling  the  late  fruits,  they  will 
keep  well  in  a  good  cellar.  E.ate  pears  and  grapes 
should  be  left  on  the  trees  and  vines  as  long  as 
they  will  hang,  then  gathere'l  while  dry  and 
spread  tliinlv  on  the  shelves  of  a  closet  in  a  cool, 
drv,  dark,  room  or  cellar.  Apjdes  should  be  ex- 
|io'sed  to  the  air  in  a  cool  shady  place  for  a  few 
(lays  after  |iickiiig,  then  sorted,  and  the  sound 
friiit  packed  in  clean  tight  barrels,  headed  up 
tiglilly,  and  stored  in  a  cool,  dry  place,  where 
tirey  will  have  as  nearly  as  possible  a  uniform 
temperature  of  about  40  or  45° 

The  following  assortment  of  trees  and  plants 
can  be  idanteil  on  one  acre  of  land,  and  will  sup- 
idy  a  large  family  all  the  fruit  tiiey  can  use  every 
productive  year.'  The  varieties  are  selected  for 
eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  are  named  nearly  in 
the  order  of  ri)iening.  The  wIkiIc  bill  can  be 
bought  at  a  reliable  nursery  for  fifty  dollars,  or 
less,  for  first-class  stock. 

20  .\piile  trees,  jdant  33  feet  apart.  1  Hagloe 
or    1    Summer  Red   Streak,  1    Cornell's   Fancy, 

1  Gravenstein,  1  Maiden's  Bhisli,  1    Fallawater, 

2  Roman  Stem,  5  Smith's  Cider,  2  Ridge  Pijipin, 

3  Ben  Davis,  1  Roxbury  Russett,  2  Tewkesbury 
Winter  Blush. 

12Pears,  plant  20  feet  apart.  1  Doyenne  D'Ete. 
1  Beurre  (iiffoni,  IBrandywine,  1  Juliensie,  1  Buf- 
fum,  2  Bartlelt,  1  Sheldon,  1  Seckle,  1  Lawrence, 
1  Keifter,  1  Rutter. 

tj  Cherries,  plant  20  feet  apart.  2  Early  Rich- 
mond, 1  Mayduke,  1  Black  Tartarian,  1  Governor 
Wood,  1  Bigarreau. 

(i  Plums,"  plant  15  feet  ajiart.  Wild  Goose, 
Richland,  Lombard,  McLaughlin,  Imi>erial  Gage. 


The  Root  Louse,  Sc/iiioneura  £anigera(Ra,usm) 
is  very  injurious  to  orchards.  This  louse  is  very 
small]  about  one-twelfth  of  an  inch  long,  and 
covereil  with  a  cottony  down  that,  when  the  lice 
are  numerous,  cause  the  tree  to  appear  as  if 
whitewashed.  These  lice,  in  the  winter,  attack 
the  roots  of  the  apple,  and  also  the  pear,  under- 
ground, and  live  in  the  larval  form  until  spring, 
when  they  attack  the  suckers  at  the  base  of  the 
tree,  when  they  appear  as  if  splashed  with  white- 
wash, and  us' the  season  becomes  warmer  they 
attack  the  trunk  of  the  tree  and  branches.  The 
lice,  with  their  suckers,  perforate  the  bark  of  the 
tree,  and  suck  the  sap  from  it,  and  as  the  bark 
dries  and  jieels  olf  they  burrow  beneath  it,  and 
continue  their  attacks  until  the  tree  appears  as 
if  scalded  by  the  sun  or  attacked  by  a  blight,  at 
times  an  entire  side  of  a  tree  will  be  killed  by 
them,  and  will  be  deemed  by  a  careless  observer 
to  be  killed  by  the  hot  suns.  When  the  weather 
becomes  very  warm  they  seek  the  top  of  the 
tree  and  the  ends  of  the  branches,  and  can  be 
soon  detected  by  the  white  appearance  of  the 
ends  of  the  smaller  branches.  In  winter  they 
seek  the  roots  again  and  live  on  them,  the  same 
as  the  branches.  When  they  attack  the  small 
roots  they  cause  the  root  to  form  small  knobs,  or 
knots,  and  when  very  numerous  will  kill  the 
roots,  as  well  as  the  trunk  and  branches.  Nume- 
rous remedies  have  been  proposed  for  them,  but 
none  of  them  are  efft'Ctual. 

The  Peach  Tree  .Vlnhis,  Myznn  Persieoe  (Sul- 
zer),  are  black  lice  that  have  the  habit  of  the 
Apple  Root  Louse  of  living  in  the  winter  in  the 
earth,  feeding  on  the  roots,  and  on  the  first 
approach  of  warm  weather,  seek  the  branches, 
and  cover  them  .so  fully  as  to  cause  them  to 
appear  black  with  tluin.'  When  they  are  very 
numerous  at  the  roots  the  trees  turn  yellow,  and 
much  of  the  supposed  yellows  are  only  the  work 
of  the  Peach  Aphis,  also,  much  of  the  sjuead  of 
the  so-called  yellows  is  ciused  by  the  A|)his  and 
the  Peach  Borer.  The  Peach  Ajiliis  also  attacks 
the  cherry.  The  Greeu  Aphis  of  the  rose  also 
is  very  injurious  to  the  apple  and  plum.  They 
attack  the  leaves  in  vast  numbers,  and  suck  the 
sap  tri'in  the  leaves  and  tender  branches,  and 
causes  them  to  curl  up,  and  when  numerous  will 
seriously  cheek  the  growth  of  the  tree.  The 
Apple  'free  A|ihi8  Aphis  Mali  (Faba),  are  a  red- 
dish brown  aphis  of  sufficient  size  to  be  easily  seen 
on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  ajiple  leaf, 
and  by  sucking  its  juice  they  cause  the  leaf  to 
curl  tiie  same  as  the  rose  aphis,  but  the  aphis  are 
very  much  larger  than  the  rose  ajdiis,  and  are 
equally  as  injurious.  The  Lady  Bug  destroys  mil- 
lions o'f  them,  and  when  the  aphis  are  very  abund- 
and  they  rapidly  nuiltiply  and  feed  on  them,  and 
will  so  reduce  them  that  they  will  hardly  be 
noticed,  and  the  lady  bugs  no  longer  having  tlieir 
favorite  food,  will  also  disappear,  when  tlie  Ajdiis 
will  rapidly  increase  again,  to  he  swept  ofl'  again 
by  the  increasing  lady  bugs.  This  will  account 
for  the  aphis  being  at'tinies  so  abundant,  at  other 
times  but  a  few  are  to  be  seen.  The  life  history 
of  the  Aphis  is  not  well  understood,  and  innch 
further  investigation  is  needed.  I  find  the  Aphis 
at  times  very  abundant  on  gra.sses,  and  the  trees 
free  from  them  or  only  a  few  at  least,  again  the 
grass  will  be  deserted,'  and  the  trees  will  swarm 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


5 


with  them.  More  information  as  to  their  habits 
is  neeiU'd.  The  Baric  Lice,  of  which  there  are 
maiiv  kimls,  are  very  ]iernicious  insects  in  the 
(ircliiinl.  When  liatcheti,  they  soon  malce  a  scaly 
eoveriTii;  last  lo  tlie  bark  under  which  they  grow 
and  niiilti|ilv,  ami  seTid  ont  fresh  colonies  to  over- 
run tlie  tree.  They  soon  ijive  the  tree  a  sickly 
aj»i»earance,  and  will  soon  destroy  the  value  of 
the  tree.  An  application,  with  a  brush,  of  a 
Solution  made  of  one  pounil  of  caustic  soda  lye, 
and  two  gallons  of  water,  will,  when  applied  to 
tlie  scale  quickly  loosen  it,  and  kill  all  the  lice 
beneath  it.  When  the  .scale  lice  attacks  the 
smaller  branches  as  well  as  the  trunk  of  the  tree, 
the  whide  tree  must  be  frequently  sprayed  with 
the  solution  or  a  kerosene  emulsion  which  is  very 
eftectual. 

I  would  say,  in  closing  these  articles,  be  care- 
ful t^:  examine  all  the  trees  you  purchase, 
very  carefully,  for  the  insects  I  have  in  this,  and 
the'  tornier  issues  of  the  FARM  AND  Garden, 
briefly  described.  Trees  free  from  insects  will 
be  of  very  rapid  growth,  and  be  of  a  dark  rich 
greeu.  A  tree  free  from  insects,  will  reach  as 
large  a  size  in  five  years,  as  one  infested  will  in 
ten  or  twelve  years.  I  can  but  close  these  articles 
with  the  advice  I  have  so  often  repeated,  look 
well  when  ycni  |)urchase  a  tree,  for  insects,  and 
if  present,  use  hot  water  for  a  dij)  to  dip  them  in 
at  a  tt-mperature  of  from  140°  to  1.50°  Farenheit, 
which  will  kill  most  of  them,  even  the  eggs  will 
be  destroyed  ;  or  a  kerosene  emulsion,  which  will 
kill  the  eggs  efl'ectually.  Kill  the  Scale  Loose 
by  soda  lye  as  described.  I  have  used,  but  do 
not  recommend  the  u.se  of  raw  kerosene,  which  I 
pour  a  gill  or  so  on  water  of  a  large  tui>,  dip  the 
trees,  roots  and  all,  in  the  tub,  the  trees  will  be 
covered  by  a  tihn  oi'oil,  and  if  quickly  done,  and 
the  trees  exposed  in  the  shade,  to  the  air,  until 
the  smell  of  kerosene  disappears,  in  perhaps  an 
hour  or  two,  they  may  be  set  and  grow  well. 
But  if  soaked  in  kerosene  or  after  the  trees  are 
pruned,  the  j)laces  where  the  branches  were  cut 
otf  will  absorb  the  oil  and  the  trees  will  be  killed 
as  well  as  the  eggs  of  the  insects.  I  have  done 
some  trees  this  year  myself  this  way,  tiiat  were 
full  of  Root  Lice,  and  they  are  now  growing 
nicely,  free  frf»m  lice,  but  unless  carefully  done, 
the  the  tree  will  l)e  killetl,  hence,  I  do  n<ft  recom- 
mend the  general  reader  to  try  it. 


LOCATION  FOR  AN  APPLE  ORCHARD. 


Jiy  L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr..  Cambridge,  31<uis. 


There  is  no  more  frequent  cause  of  failure  in 
apple  orchard  than  uncongenial  soil  and  sur- 
roundings. The  supposition  that  any  heavy  and 
black  soil  is  suitable  for  ai>ple  growing,  simply 
because  it  is  rich,  is  errone<)us.  *'My  soil  is  rich 
and  loamy,  and  even  though  it  is  low  and  rather 
cold,  I  can  improve  it  by  underdraining,"  said  a 
farmer  who  contemplated  planting  an  orchard. 
AVhile  I  would  not  lessen  the  faith  in  liberal 
underdraining,  I  would,  nevertheless,  urge  the 
importance  of  selecting  for  apjde  culture,  soils 
naturally  well  drained,  in  preference  to  those 
artificially  drained.  It  is  rare,  indeed,  that  an 
unguent  and  cidd  soil  is  made  entirely  suitable  for 
apple  growing  by  tile  draining.  I  have  in  mind 
two  ()rchards  upon  soils  entirely  ^)]>posite  in  their 
characters.  One  is  upon  a  rich,  warm  gravel, 
with  no  liartl  subsoil  w'ithin  four  or  five  feet  of 
the  surface,  the  other  ui>on  a  heavy  loam  with  a 
clay  subsoil.  The  former  orchard  has  never  been 
drained  ;  it  bears  well  of  choice  fruit,  is  in  good 
health,  demands  little  care,  and  has  been  for 
some  time  the  premium  orchard  in  the  state  in 
which  it  is  situateil.  Tlie  latter  has  had  similar 
treatment  as  to  pruning  and  general  cultivation, 
only  more  diligently  and  vigorously  applied,  and 
the  varieties  are  nearly  the  same.  To  this 
orchard  has  been  given  a  most  thorough  system 
of  underdraining.  Neither  time  nor  expense 
have  been  spared  to  relieve  the  soil  of  all 
Unnecessary  water  in  the  least  possible  time; 
still  this  orchard  is  a  failure,  its  fruit  is  not 
abundant  nor  of  good  quality,  and  the  trees  are 
not  vigorous.  I  liave  heard  its  manager  remark, 
*'  it  is  impossible  to  make  good  apple  land  out  of 
?,  low  and  cold  soil."  A  positively  poor  soil,  if 
warm  and  naturally  well  drained,  is  certainly 
preferable"  to  one  of  an  opposite  character.  A 
poor  soil*  can  be  improved  by  manuring.  Of 
course  an  orchard  on  a  cold  soil  is  preferable  to 
nc  orchard  at  all,  but  if  planted  with  an  idea  to 
lirofit  it  will  likely  he  a  failure.  Few  farms 
lack  entirely  any  high  gronmls.  A  few  trees 
planted  about  on  the  knolls  will  return  more 
satisfaction  than  three  times  the  nuniiier  on  an 
uncongenial  soil.  Good  and  naturally  well- 
drained  wheat  land  is  usually  good  apple  laud. 
A  rich  ground  is  especially  desirable.  It  must 
not  be  supposed  that  ai)ides  are  to  be  expected  to 
dwell  jn  an  infertile  soil.  An  abundance  of 
vegetable  matter  in  a  warm  soil  is  always  neces- 
sary to  apple  culture.     Lack  of  hardiness,  late 


bearing,  shy  bearing,  and  poorly  flavored  fruit, 
are  commonly  the  results  of  planting  on  a  low 
and  wet  soil. 

Asid,e  from  perfect  drainage  and  warm  soil, 
high  lands  present  other  advantages  to  the  apple 
grower.  Cold  air  is  heavier  than  warm  air,  and 
it  settles  into  valleys  and  low  places.  A  difier- 
ence  of  several  degrees  is  often  apparent  between 
the  bottom  of  an  ordinary  ravine,  and  the  land 
adjacent.  We  have  all  had  experience  to  testify 
to  this  atmospheric  draiuage  while  travelling 
at  night  over  hills.  Trees  on  eminences  escape 
late  frosts  and,  if  given  some  ]>rotection  from 
hard  winds,  endure  the  winter  better  than  simi- 
lar varieties  at  low  levels.  The  importance  of 
atmospheric  drainage  to  the  orchardist  struck 
me  forcibly  when  once  visiting  in  the  mountains 
of  Vermont.  A  late  frost  had  destroyed  all  the 
ajiples  in  the  valleys — had  been  so  severe,  in 
fact,  as  to  kill  all  the  leaves  on  the  butternuts 
and  walnuts.  On  the  higher  hillsides  and  sum- 
mits, however,  and  especially  where  the  confor- 
mation of  the  hills  allowed  the  air  to  roll  freely 
down  their  sides,  the  apples  were  abundant  anil 
uninjured. 

We  have  before  us  a  valuable  letter  from  L.  M. 
Ayars,  M.  D.,  of  Champaign  County,  (5hio,  in 
regard  to  early  apples,  in  which  he  highly  re- 
coinniends  the  Early  May,  of  Georgia,  and  the 
French  Muscat.  The  Early  May  ripens  with 
him  from  June  loth  to  July  10th.  Size  medium, 
and  in  form  and  color  resemldes  the  Early  Har- 
vest, with  a  blush  on  the  sunny  side.  The 
Muscat  he  describes  as  a  very  large  conical  apple, 
a  medium  sized  one,  measuring  ten  and  one-half 
inches  in  circumference,  of  a  clear,  beautiful 
yellow  color,  and  an  abundant  and  early  bearer, 
season  early  in  August,  the  fruit  always  fair  and 
perfect.  We  would  be  indebted  to  our  readers  if 
they  write  often  of  new  and  valuable  fruits. 
4- 

J.  N.  Fender,  of  Selma,  Iowa,  asks  if  the 
Gregg  Raspberry  anil  Cumberland  Strawberry 
are  profitable  for  field  culture  in  Iowa.  We 
should  say  yes.  The  American  Pomological 
Society  gives  the  Gregg  Raspberry  double  stars, 
and  tiie  Cumberland  one  star  for  Iowa.  The 
Wilson  and  Charles  Downing  each  double  stars. 
+ 

C.  Broderson,  ot  Potter  County,  Pa.,  asks  for 
a  list  of  hardy  fall  and  winter  apples  for  a  cold 
climate,  of  early  bearing  and  prolific  varieties, 
also  about  Kiefl'er  pears,  and  fall  )danting.  It  is 
no  easy  matter  to  give  a  list  of  ajiples  for  a  par- 
ticular section  of  the  country,  as  soils  and  con- 
ditions vary  so  much.  Most  of  the  New  York 
varieties  would  be  hardy.  The  location  of  an 
orchard  has  much  to  do  with  its  hardiness.  If 
an  orchard  is  planted  where  it  is  rei>eatedly" 
frozen  and  exjiosed  during  the  winter,  very 
hardy  fruit  are  winter  killed.  Where  late  frosts 
are   probable,   plant    on   high    ground,    with   a 


northern  exposure.  The  Baldwin  might  be  valu- 
able for  winter  for  you,  while  for  your  neighrjor 
would  not  be  so  valuable.  In  undertaking  a 
work  so  important  as  planting  an  orchard,  we 
should  spend  a  week  in  visiting  all  the  orchards 
on  soils  similar  to  ours  in  our  section,  and  make 
our  list  from  it ;  that  is  the  be.st  and  safest  rule. 
The  Whitney  No.  20,  and  the  Wealthy  are  very 
hardy  apples.  We  cannot,  as  yet,  say  how  much 
cold  the  Kielfer  pear  will  stand  uninjured.  In 
severe  climates  .spring  jdanting  is  safest.  In 
regard  to  Shetland  ponies  we  could  not  advise 
you.  

BETTER  THAN  A  POEM. 
J.  U.  McC. 
Not  every  boy  can  write  a  poem  as  Mr.  Long- 
fellow did  in  his  school-boy  days.  But  nearly 
every  country  lad  can  perform  a  work  which  will 
be  more  lasting  than  mast  poems  written  in  our 
time.  He  can  plant  a  standard  fruit  tree.  A 
good  appte  tree,  well  set  in  a  suitable  spot,  will 
grow  and  thrive  and  bear  fruit  long  after  its 
planter  has  gone  to  his  rest.  Thousands  of 
golden  or  rosy  fruit  will  drop  from  its  branches, 
and  many  will  rejoice  in  the  luxury  thus  oflered! 
It  will  be  pleasant  tor  a  sister  or  mother  to  re- 
member "my  William  planted  this  tree  on  his 
tenth  birthday,"  or  to  commemorate  some  other 
pleasant  event  or  a^iniversary  in  the  household. 
A  living,  growing,  ii^eful  ornament  like  this,  far 
exceeds  in  interest,  any  cold  impassive  marble. 
I  was  conversing  recently  with  an  idd  man  as 
we  stood  under  the  shade" of  an  enormous  mul- 
berry, laden  with  fruit,  aud  as  we  were  talking 
of  tree  planting,  I  remarked  "  I  guess  you  did  not 
plant  this  tree."  "  Yes,  I  did,"  he  replied,  with 
a  kindling  face.  "  Fifty-three  vears  ago,  1  came 
in  with  a  handful  of  large  black  mulberries  and 
said  I  was  going  to  try  and  raise  a  tree  from  the 
seed.  They  laughed  at  my  plan,  but  that  did  not 
disconcert  me.  I  found  a  nii'e  rich  spot  in  the 
pie  plant  bed,  and  |ilantcd  all  the  berries.  But 
one  seed  of  the  wlicde  siirouted,  and  I  assure  you 
I  watched  and  tended  tliat  with  care.  As  soon  as 
it  was  large  enough  to  move  I  transplanted  it  to 
this  spot,  and  you  see  to  what  it  has  grown. 
There  are  ripe  berries  on  it  now  in  July,  and 
there  will  be  ripe  ones  still  when  frost  conies." 

The  old  gentleman  surveyed  this  tree  of  his 
youth  with  jieculiar  pride  and  pleasure,  and  no 
doubt  there  was  a  long  line  of  associations  with 
it,  most  pleasing  to  remember. 

One  who  plants  a  good  fruit  tree,  may  well  be 
considered   a   benefactor  of  his   race.     Bryant's 
beautiful  poem  about  planting  the  apple  tree,  is 
worthy  of  a  place  in  the  children's  memory. 
"Wliat  pliint  we  iti  this  ajtple  tree? 
Fruits  ttjut  slijill  swHll  111  sLiniiv  June 

And  reiiili-ii  in  Hit-  Ant^iist  i ti," 

And  drun  \\  hell  f,'eiilif  airs  come  by 
That  fan  the  blue  September  sky  ; 

Wliile  children  eonje.  with  cries  of  glee. 
And  seek  them  wliere  the  fragrant  grass 

Betrays  their  bed  to  those  who  pass. 
At  the  foot  of  the  old  apple  tree.' 


Maplhniin  RASPBERUY,  and  New  Krnpea.bv  the  oricr- 
indnuuru  i„„t„rs.  A.J.  0-o;""«"(i-.SVm,  ,Vai(6oi<»..V.  f. 


mPDCAT  NF.W    QI'INCE.  "MECCN'S   PRO- 
UnLMl    Line."    Send  for  rirciilnr.    Lirgtll 
stock  of  .^liilbcrrv  in  I  he  counlr>  .    t'aluluu'iu's  Free. 
HANCE  &  BOROEN.  Rumion  Nurseries.  RED  BANK.  N.  J. 


WHEAT 


STRAWBERRIES. 

MAY  KINfJIor  the  BEST  EARLY.    CONNFX'TICUT 
♦tllEEN  lor  LATE.  Pencil  Trees  by  the  100  &  1000. 

Catalogue  sent__Free. SAMUEL  C.  DeCOU.  Moorestown.  N.  J. 

PEACH  TREES 

arit-i 


u,  ttU  .•-(.■ctLoiis.     APl'LK   tn-t-.s,  e\i 

n.l    Lecoute  Peari.     A   Tull  lino  of 

kitnis  of  .Vursery  Slock  cheap.     Trees.  Grape-Vines,  Small  Fruit  a 

otluT  ptaut.s  bv  mail.     Catalogues  showinit  how  and  what  to  i-laut,  fri 

liA.NDOLPH    PETERS,  Wiln,inctf.n    lh']a^^-^T.^. 


TUCKAHOE  NURSERY  AND  FRUIT  FARM, 

Caroline  Co..  Md.,  m-ar  llilNlioroiiLili.  Larye  slock  Peach 
Treei.  Applet,  Cherry,  and  other  Nursery  Stock,  both  Fruit  and 
Ornamental,   eircular  free.    C.t.  JARRELL.  Hllltboromih.  Md. 

PEACH  TREES.Ta'll'';rade^ 

our  nsuiil  lieav>'  stot-k  of  Pt'arh  Trees.  (Purchasers  of 
lurgf  loW  sliimiii  i-orn'spomi  willi  ua.t  Also,  all  kinds 
of  Fruit.  Slin<le.  niid  Oi'iinineiiinl  Trees,  anil 
.Small  Fruit  Plant?*.  ft5"\V.-  ran  supply  a  limited 
quantity  natural  ^ioiitlierii  I't-ncU  Seen,  Kuthered  ex- 
pressly for  us  hvour  special  aeenl.  Quality  guaranteed. 
I>AVID    bAIKI>  &  SON.  Maimlnpan,  N.  J. 


Fairview   Nurseries. 

Established  lS3d. 

200  Acres  in  Fruit  Trees  and  Small  Fruit  Plants. 

1*.25.000  Peacli  Trees,  choice  Kiefl'er  and  l^e  Coiite 

IVar  Trees.  All  kinds  of  nursery  stock.  Small  fruits, 
and  Osage  Orange  specialties.  Send  for  price-list. 
_Address.    J.    PKUKrNS,    Moorewtown.   N.   J. 

$50  REWARD 

will  be  paid  (or  any  Grain 
Fan  or  Banif  .-^Izi.'  lli;il  i  an 
tican  andhag'asniurhtirjiin  or 
Sifd  in  I'tiedav  asfiur  Patent 
MONARCH  Cwrain  and 
Seed  Separator  and  Bae- 

frer.whicn  we  offer  to  tlie  pub- 
ic at  a  low  price.  Seu<l  for 
circular  and  priee  list, 
\\liicl-i  will  lie  mailed  free. 
NEWARK  MACHINE  CO., 
Newark,  Otiio,  U.  S.  A, 


Tiescrlpiive  Catalogue   of  20  NtW. 

CHOICt,  and  STANDARD  varieties.  FREE. 

<;.  W.  Osier.  0»terburs.  Pa. 

TRUE  BLACK-BEARDED„^;;^4^ 

il! OtLU  WntH  I  ■  141  market  St.,  Plilla.,  Pa. 

TTTT.  ■RVJ5T  '"'"•  ciienpe^st  peach  trees 

AJ^LXi  JDXiOX  are  giuwii  by  MniiNfielll  Kickt 
Lebunon.  >.  J.  I  will  sL-n.l  this  fall,  on  rectipl  ot  #5,  100  Irocs, 
VoO,  1000  trues.     5  led.    No  charge  for  boxes.     Writ*  (or  varieties. 

CIDER 

Presses,  Graters,  Elevators,  && 

BOOMER  &  BOSCHERT   PKESi 
CO.,  Syi-nciise,  N,  \. 


POTTED  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

FOR    SAI.K,     Jumbo,  $1.00   a    dozen;     Prince    ot 
Berries.  11.00  a  doztn ;  Aiaiitic.   $1.00  a  do/..    Dan- 


Buoiie.  hi\  er  plants.  $1.50 
JAS.  I.IPPIX  OT'I 


,  J  v..  Mount  Holly.  New  Jersey. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

Fret'  t-tttalugue  i,'i\fs  lull  .if.vciiplioii  of  all  woiili.v  uf 
ciillivalidii.  Pot  or  Inyei*  plants  now  rcjtdv  lor  siitii' 
met-  or  Full  iilaiiliii!;.     Fruit  next  June. 


pricei.    HALli  BROS..  So. 


Extra  stock  at  lair 

t«lai^tonbiir>.  <'oiib. 


Mil  I  inn  ^^l"'^*^^  KERRY,    Bl..\(  K- 
llllLLiyil   ISKItRY.  If.VSPItRIiUV.  ttnd 


A     tR.\NIJi:KI!V    PLANTS   lor    Full    I'lnnr- 
_      iiie.    Varieties  PURE.     Paekeil  In  the  best  manner. 

^^    Write  lor  circular,  and  ».ce  Low  Pricff*. 

^«         I.  A-  J.  L.  LEO.XAKU,  IO\A.  XKW  JERSEY. 

^^  P.  S.~Meilas,  Lehanoii  Cotitnv,  Dakota,  April 
.■ailh,  I.W4.  "Tito  10011  strawberry  plants  received  by 
t-.\ press,  anti  in  Miilciidid  roiulitioii.'* 

Ol   nAWDbKKT    POTTED  TO  ORDER. 
All    the    IJEST    nii.l     NRWKST    VARIETIES 

grown  In  pots  for  Summer  anil  Fall  plantlno.  PLANTS  GROWN 
TO  ORDER  AT  LOWEST  RATES.  Send  a  list  of  varieties 
waiitid,  ami   tiet   prices,  stating   nnmber   of  each   kind 

rdTess  IRVING  ALLEN,  Springfield,  Mass. 


6 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


Our?  FLOWBr?  Gai^dbn. 


Gloxinias. 

The  HybriJ  Gloxinias,  recently  raised  in 
Ens;land, 'are  much  superior  to  the  imported 
species,  both  in  size  and  form,  and  their  colors  i 
are  almost  unlimited,  varying,  as  they  do,  from  j 
the  purest  white,  through  the  ditiVrent  shades  of  j 
pink,  to  deep  red,  and  from  pale-lilue  to  intense  ! 
purple,  with  endless  kinds  of  spotting  and  band- 
ing, with  liglit  and  dark  colors;  in  tact  there  are 
few  flowers  in  which  there  is  so  much  variety, 
and  they  also  possess  other  points  equally  note- 
•WDrthv.  Gloxinias  are,  at  tliis  writine:,  in  their 
full  beautv.  We  believe  no  one  in  this  locality 
knows  how  to  grow  tliem  as  well  as  Mr.  H.  A. 
Dreer,  who  annually  makes  a  magnificent  display 
of  them  (as  well  as'  Tuberous  Rooted  Begonias). 
We  have  seen  plants  covered  with  flowered  and 
magnificent  foliage,  some  of  the  leaves  measuring 
seven  and  one-half  by  eight  inches.  It  is  now 
too  late  to  give  instructions  for  growing  them, 
but  those  who  have  a  stock  on  hand  should 
remember  tliat  after  flowering  less  water  must  be 
given,  shading  discontinued,  and  more  air  admit- 
ted so  as  to  ripen  the  growth.  When  the  leaves 
have  died  down,  the  "sod  should  be  allowed  to 
become  quite  dry ;  keep  them  through  the 
winter  in  a  tempe'rature  of  .50°,  but  cooler  than 
that  for  anv  length  of  time  is  not  safe,  they 
generally  winter  best  when  the  bulbs  are  allowed 
to  remain  in  the  soil  and  jiots  in  which  they  have 
been  grown,  but  as  tliey  become  large  and  are  in 
pots  of  a  considerable  size,  this  is  not  always 
convenient;  in  that  ca.se  the  roots  should  be 
stored  in  paper  bags,  filled  with  dry  sand  to  pre- 
serve tliem  from  the  air,  otherwise  they  shrivel, 
and  thereby  receive  serious  injury.  It  is  too  soon 
now  to  sow  seed,  but  the  most  expeditious  way 
of  propagation  is  by  leaf  cnttinys.  If  the  leaves 
are  taken  otf  now,' when  fully  matured,  with  a 
portion  of  the  stalks  attached  to  them,  and  this 
portion  is  inserted  in  four  or  five-inch  pots, 
drained  and  filled  with  half  )ieat  or  loam  and 
sand,  witli  half  an  inch  of  sand  on  the  top,  and 
kept  in  a  brisk  heat,  slightly  shaded  and  moist, 
they  will  form  healthy  bulbs  before  winter.  If 
the  varietv  to  be  increased  is  scarce,  several  may 
be  produced  from  single  leaves  by  cutting  the 
midrib  tlirough  on  theunder  side,  in  four  or  five 
places.  Then  lay  the  leaves  fiat  on  the  soil  in 
pots  or  ])ans  prepared  as  above  ;  over  each  place 
where  the  midrib  has  been  severed,  secure  the 
cut  parts  to  the  soil  with  a  pebljle  or  apiece  of 
bent  brass  wire  run  through  the  leaf  into  the 
soil ;  at  these  points  small  tubers  will  be  formed 
which  will  make  good  flowering  plants  next 
season. 

Prop.\g.\tin-g  Pectzia  Gracilis. 
When  this  plant  is  well  grown  it  will  throw 
ut>  yonng  suckers  from  the  roots,  and  these  may 
be  taken' otl'  in  the  autumn  with  a  sharp  knife,  a 
portion  of  the  root  being  attached,  cut  back  to  a 
few  inches,  and  then  tliey  may  be  potted. 
PiscHiNG  Plants. 
The  chief  object  ol  jiinching  plants  is  to  make 
those   of  straggling  liabits  of  growtli    a.ssume   a 
dense,  evenly  6ranehed  one,  or  to  get  the  ])lants 
into  some   form  dift'ereiit  to  tliat   of  its  natural 
growth.      In    pinching   out   any    Coleus  or   soft 


wooded  plants,  generally  two  shoots  start  from 
every  point  that  is  stopped,  and  if  one  wants  to 
get  a  plant  to  assume  a  pyramidal  form,  broad 
and  well  filled  up  at  the  base,  the  cultivator  must 
clieck  the  upward  tendency  of  growth,  'in  most 
varieties,  Tjy  pinching  out  the  points  of  the 
strongest  shoots.  Pinching  out  the  flowering 
points  is  advantageous  when  we  want  to  retard 
the  plants  without  exhausting  their  energies,  by 
allowing  them  to  flower  when  not  required. 

Petunias  attek  Bloomin'g. 
Petunias,  when  they  have  done  blooming, 
should  be  thrown  away,  taking  care,  however, 
that  some  young  plants' have  first  been  propaga-^ 
ted  from  tl'iem  by  taking  cuttings  of  the  tops  of 
the  young  growtl'i ;  these  cuttings  root  very  freely 
in  a'hot  bed.  When  Abutiloiis  become  old  and 
leggy  tliey  should  also  be  increased  by  taking 
cuttings  of  the  young  wood  ;  these  form  roots 
very  readily,  and  the  young  plants,  if  taken  care 
of,  will  siio'n  grow  into  a  flowering  size.  Tiiftc- 
TOSf.s-,  when  done  flowering,  and  after  the  leaves 
decay,  require  a  season  of  rest.  The  pots  con- 
taining the  roots  should  be  laid  on  their  sides, 
and  they  do  not  require  any  water  until  they 
begin  to  flower  next  spring. 

ASPAKAGIS  FOR  ORNAMENT. 
The  London  Garden  says :  ''Among  the  plants 
grown  for  use  in  our  gardens  as  vegetables,  there 
are  some— as  the  Globe  Artichoke,  Asparagus, 
and  some  sorts  of  Beet — which  might  well  be 
employed  for  ornament  also.  Of  all  useful 
plants,  however,  none  lend  their  leafy  growth 
with  better  ettect  when  planted  with  Irises, 
Lilies,  Foxgloves,  Poppies,  and  other  sliowy  and 
bright-colored  flowers,  than  does  the  common 
Asparagus.  Its  light  and  feathery  sprays  are  in 
reality  more  fresh  and  graceful  than  are  those  of 
the  Bamboos,  and  some  of  our  visitors  are  quite 
delighted  with  it,  as  seen  in  the  flower  borders 
here  and  there.  We  use  it  also  in  a  cut  state, 
along  with  ferns  and  other  greenery,  for  relieviug 
the  bright  coloring  of  cut  blossoms  of  all  kinds, 
and  where  flowers"  are  cut  largely  for  decorative 
purposes  it  will  be  found  most  useful.  It  is  not 
easv  to  sav  why  there  should  be  a  prejudice 
against  the  ornamental  employment  of  useful 
plants,  but  that  such  does  exist  "  goes  without 
saying."  .\s  a  friend  said  to  me  the  other  day, 
"  if  the  apple  tree  did  not  bear  apples,  we  should 
then  grow  it  largely  as  an  ornamental  shrub  or 
tree." 

iPOMEA  NOCTYPHYTON. 

We  have  several  times  mentioned  this  beauti- 
ful climber,  which  is  a  desirable  acquisition  for 
anyone  having  a  garden  or  a  greenhouse.  The 
plant  requires  a  very  warm  i)lace,  and  it  is  said 
that  it  requires  a  te'mperature  of  at  least  60°  to 
keep  it  over  during  the  winter.  It  is  a  very 
rank  grower,  some  branches  increasing  in  length 
six  inclies  in  one  day.  As  to  soil  it  does  not  seem 
particular,  we  have  seen  it  planted  out  in  a 
shallow  bench  with  only  some  moss  and  manure 
to  cover  the  roots,  and' from  a  small  cutting  set 
in  last  mav.  Several  strong  branches  have  grown 
for  a  length  of  ten  to  twelve  feet.  It  is  very 
interesting  to  watch  the  flowers  unfold  at  about 
eight  o'clock  in  the  evening.  They  look  like  a 
huge,  pure  white  Morning  Glory,  and  have  a 
delicate  perfume.  Tlie  flower  is  not  quite  as  cup 
shape  as  the  Morning  Glory,  and  the  stem  is  very 
much  longer.  It  should  do  very  well  in  a  large 
pot,  and  would  be  the  flower  'for  the  working 
man  who  is  busv  all  day,  because  he  can  enjoy 
this  in  the  eveni'ng.  AVe  believe  it  is  only  pro- 
pagated from  cuttings. 

A  Handsome  Bkgonia. 

Of  the  many  beautiful  plants  we  have  seen  few 
can  compare  with  the  tuberous  rooted  Begonia 
Pearcei.  The  foliage  of  which  is  most  remarka- 
ble by  its  splendid  variegation  ol  light-green  and 
metailic-lironze.  When  held  airainst  tlie  light  it 
is  still  brighter.  The  flowers  which  stand  well 
alwve  the  foliage  are  also  of  a  peculiar  color  for 
Begonias,  lieing  a  clear  canarv  yellow.  This  is 
a  plant  for  which,  no  doubt,  tiiere  will  be  great 
demand,  both  for  its  flowers  and  decorative 
qualities- 

ASPARAGUS    PLUMOT0S. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  elegant  plants  that  one 
can  grow  in  a  cool  greenhouse  for  furnishing  an 
inexhaustible  supjily  of  foliage  for  arranging 
with  cut  flowers,  a  desideratum  at  all  seasons. 
The  feathery  appearance  of  the  finely  divided, 
deep-green  leaves  has  a  charming  effect,  inter- 
mixed with  cut  flowers.  One  Pliiladel])hia 
florist  has  a  housefull  of  it,  and  no  doubt  they 
will  go  off  with  a  boom. 

Ac.\ciAS. 

The  varieties  of  ,\cacias  do  not  seem  to  meet  with 

that  amount  of  attention  to  which  their  beauty 

would  seem  to  entitle  them.     All  of  them  possess 

charming  light-yellow  or  orange  colored  blooms. 


and  hardy  foliage  that  sufiers  but  little  from 
confinement  in  the  dwelling-house.  They  are 
striking  plants  wlien  grown  in  the  form  of  stand- 
ards, and  not  mutilated  or  weakened  by  being 
pinched  back.  Such  subjects  gain  new  and 
unexpected  beauties  if  they  are  merely  pruned 
once,  as  soon  as  the  blooming  period  is  over. 
WlKTER  AND  SPRING  BLOOMING  BULRS. 
By  the  exercise  of  a  little  taste  much  pleasure 
can  be  derived  from  the  cultivation  of  bulbs  in 
the  house,  as  well  as  in  the  garden.  In  the 
liouse  they  can  be  grown  in  a  variety  of  interest- 
ing ways.  Hyacinths,  Narcissus,  and  Crocus 
may  easily  be  grown  in  gla.sses.  Pot  culture, 
however,  is  more  extensively  used,  besides  look- 
ing quite  natural.  Of  late  "we  have  been  grow- 
ing bulbs  in  moss,  either  in  pots  or  boxes.  The  Due 
Van  Thol  Tulips  look  splendidly  when  several 
bulbs  are  grown  together.  A  very  pleasing  way 
is  to  take  a  fair  sized  basket,  and  i)lant  a  variety 
of  bulbs  in  it,  say  a  row  of  Crocus  on  the  out- 
side, next  a  row  of  Tulips,  and  the  center  plan- 
ted with  one  to  three,  or  more,  Hyacinths.  The 
soil  should  be  sandy,  and  have  a  few  pieces  of 
moss  broken  up  fine,  mi.xed  with  it  to  keep  it 
to  keep  from  becoming  packed  or  heavy  from 
frequent  waterings. 

Bulbs,  when  flowered  in  the  house,  should  be 
kept  in  as  moderately  cool  room  as  possible.  In 
a  warm  room  they  will  bloom  too  early,  and  the 
flowers  will  not  last  nearly  so  long.  They  should 
be  kept  in  some  S|)are  room,  not  so  frequently 
used,  and  consequently  not  kept  so  warm.  (It 
must  be  remembered  that  the  1)ulbs  must  form 
strong  roots  before  coming  in  flowers,  otherwise 
they  will  not  expand  well.)  To  have  a  suc- 
cession of  flowers,  a  variety  of  bulljs  must  be 
had,  and  they  should  also  be' planted  at  intervals, 
sav  every  week  from  the  beginning  of  September 
until  the  end  of  November,  even  later  planting 
will  have  satisfactory  results,  but  of  course  the 
earliest  planted  ones  will  be  the  best. 

Hyacinths  and  Crocus  will  also  grow  freely  in. 
almost  any  medium  capable  of  retaining  moist- 
ure. It  is  said  that  they  will  bloom  almost  as 
well  in  sand  as  in  specially  prepared  and  rich 
composts.  Vases,  deep  saucers,  shells,  and  wire 
lianging  Ijaskets  can  be  made  use  of  for  the  ])ur- 
pose,  either  filled  with  moss,  sand,  or  water,  and 
l)y  a  succession  of  planting  flowers  can  be  had 
from  December  to  May.  One  of  the  cheapest 
arrangements  we  saw  last  year  was  a  lot  of  straw- 
berry boxes,  painted  brown  (merely  dipped  in 
the  paint).  In  these  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and 
Crocus  were  planted. 
Some  had  three  Hya- 
cinths others  three  Tu- 
lips and  six  Crocus,  and 
again,  some  had  one  Hy- 
acinth, two  Tulips,  and 
some  Snowdrops  or  Cro- 
cus. 

After  these  baskets  had 
stood  in  tlie  closet  for 
about  a  month,  a  quan- 
tity of  Tradescantia  Mul- 
ticolor and  other  droop- 
ing plants  were  planted 
with  the  bulbs,  and  by 
the  time  the  latter  were 
in  bloom  the  ba.skets 
were  covered  with  a 
drooping  nia-ss  of  green, 
wliieh  made  them  look 
very  pretty.  Large,  flat 
earthenware  dishes  may 
l)e  convenientlvaltered  into  ajardiniere  by  filling 
them  with  moss  and  water,  and  simply  setting 
the  l)ull>3  on  the  top  of  the  moss.  Wire  hanging 
baskets  are  capital,  and  if  some  roots  of  Oxalis 
are  stuck  in  tlie  moss  through  the  sides  of  the 
baskets  they  will  bloom  splendidly. 
A  Remedy  for  Snails. 
Mr.  Dreer's  foreman  tell^  us  tliat  he  uses  air- 
slacked  lime  to  destroy  snails  whenever  there 
happens  to  be  any  sign  "of  them.  He  spreads  it 
all  over  the  soil, "even  of  the  most  delicate  Odi- 
antums,  and  savs  it  does  no  injury  to  the  plants 
wliatever,  but  destroys  and  keeps  off  snails  and 
other  pests. 

Dioscorea  Discolor. 
Have  you  ever  grown  this  beautifVil  climber? 
if  not,  try  it,  and  you  will  be  pleased  with  it. 
It  is  a  tuberous  roo"t,  and  requires  a  yearly  rest, 
but  it  can  be  grown  as  well  in  winter  as  in  sum- 
mer. Tlie  foliage  is  handsomely  variegated,  the 
under  side  being  dark  maroon. 

tiGRIDIA  PaVONIA. 
We  were  surprised  to  learn  with  what  ease 
these  curious  flowers  are  grown  and  bloomed. 
Only  two  months  ago  some  bulbs  were  bought 
whi'ch  hardly  appeared  to  be  of  blooming  size. 
Some  were  planted  in  the  open  ground,  and  made 
strong  growth.  A  few  others  were  stuck  in  some 
moss  which  was  packed  around  some  potted 
plants  set  in  a  large  window  box.    These  were  in 


SINGLE  HVACINTIt 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


3oloom  on  Aujust  1st,  liavinj;  received  no  nour- 
ishment except  what  they  could  get  from  the 
moss.  We  simply  mention  this  circumstance  to 
show  what  can  be  done  with  them.  Tlie  flowers 
are  very  interesting,  most  of  them  being  of  a 
golden  yellow  color,  spotted  in  the  center  with 
oraus^e  red. 


Late-Flowering  Single  Tulips. 
Single  Tulips  for  the  garden  are  cultivated 
more  for  their  individual  beauty  than  for  tlie 
•ett'ect  they  produce  in  groupingor  bedding.  They 
are  much  prized  by  fanciers.  In  Holland  during 
the  existence  of  the  "  Tulip  mania,"  fabulous 
prices  were  paid  for  bulbs  of  this  variety,  and 
even  now,  catalogues  of  celebrated  English 
growers  mention  varieties  priced  at  $100  to  $150 
lor  a  single  root. 


Jonquils 

Are  {reatly  esteemed  on  account  of  tlieir  fra- 
grance and  early  flowering.  The  cultivation  is 
about  the  same  as  that  of  Hyacinths.  Three 
j-oots  may  be  grown  in  a  four  or  live-inch  pot. 


parlor  window  sill,  where  they  seem  to  be  most 
admired  by  persons  passing  by.  There  are  a  few 
items  thatmust  be  attended  to  to  be  successful  in 
growing  Hyacinths  this  way.  First,  do  not  use 
spring  water,  when  rain  water  can  be  had  as  well. 
Next,  j)lace  the  bulbs  in  the  glasses  and  fill  them 
with  water,  so  that  it  barely  touches  the  bottom 
of  the  bulbs,  and  set  them  in  a  dark,  cool,  dry 
closet  or  cellar,  where  the  water  will  not  freeze. 
Look  at  the  bulbs  once  in  a  while  to  see  that  the 
water  has  not  evaporated  too  much,  and  if  such 
is  the  case,  fill  the  glasses  up  again,  same  as  before. 
Remove  any  of  the  decayed  scales.  As  soon  as 
the  glasses  are  well  fiUed'with  roots  they  may  be 
brought  into  a  somewhat  lighter  place,  taking 
care,  at  first,  not  to  set  them  where  the  sun  will 
strike  them,  but  as  soon  as  the  leaves  have  made 
some  growth,  all  the  light  and  sunshine  at  com- 
mand may  be  given  them.  Then  turn  the  glasses 
around  occasionally,  to  keep  the  growth  of  the 
leaves  regular  and  well  shaped.  Some  advise  to 
change  the  water  at  least  once  every  three  weeks. 
We  think  this  is  only  necessary  in  case  the  water 
gets  an  offensive  smell,  and  this  can  be  prevented 
to  a  certain  extent  by  placing  a  piece  of  charcoal 
in  each  glass.  If  y«u  do  change  the  water,  be 
sure  to  have  the  fresh  water  of  about  the  same 
temperature  as  that  in  whicli  they  had  been 
growing.  Should  the  roots  sliow  any  sign  of 
decay,  take  the  bulbs  out  gently  and  wash  the 


SCILLAS 

•Comprise  a  numerous  genus  of  bulbous  plants, 
most  of  which  are  preferable  for  in-door  ])lanting. 
They  are  all  beautiful,  and  flower  in  the  spring  ; 
indeed,  some  bloom  even  before  spring  com- 
mences. They  should  be  planted  when  the  bulbs 
are  at  rest,  that  is  early  in  the  Autumn,  in  any 
good  garden  soil,  not  too  heavy  ;  and  any  little 
attention  will  be  well  repaid  with  plenty  of 
flowers.  Scilla  Siberica,  of  which  we  give  an 
illustration,  is  a  minute  gem,  of  earliest  Spring 
flowers,  with  striking  and  peculiar  shade  of  por- 
celain blue,  which  quite  distinguishes  it  from 
■other  species.  In  mild  localities  it  is  perfectlv 
liardy.  Scilla  Peruviana  is  a  noble  plant  where  it 
is  well  grown.  It  must  have  rather  a  warm 
place  to  do  well,  and  deserves  a  good  position  in 
the  greenhouse. 

A  writer  in  the  Country  Gentleman  describes 
a  new  method  for  growing  and  forcing  Hyacinths 
in  rooms.  Procuring  one  of  the  large,  coarse 
.sponges  used  by  coachmen,  he  made  several, 
incisions  in  it,  and  placed  the  bulbs  in  them. 
The  whole  was  then  placed  in  a  vase  filled  with 
■water,  and  a  thimbleful  of  rape  seed  was  scattered 
over  the  surface  which  covered  it  entirely  with 
a  fine  moss  mantle,  adding  greatly  to  its  beauty 
and  attractiveness.  By  using  warm  water  they 
force  readily  and  succeed  admirably. 

Growing  Hyacinths  in  Glasses. 

This  is  by  far  the  most  satisfactory  way  of 
growing  Hyacinths,  if  cleanliness  and  neatness  is 
3esirable,  and  one  does  not  mind  the  expense  of 
glasses,  which  cost  from  one  dollar  per  dozen 
upwards.  When  the  different  colored  glasses  are 
used  they  look  especially  pretty  arranged  on  the 


Single  Hyacinth. 
roots  in  clean  water,  and  give  the  gla.sses  a  good 
rinsing,  put  the  bulbs  back  without  breaking  any 
of  the  roots,  if  possible.  .A  little  ammonia,  or  a 
good  pinch  of  guano,  dissolved  in  the  water, 
will  help  the  growth  considerably,  and  increase 
the  liriUiancy  of  the  flowers.  If  a  large  luiniber 
of  bulbs  IS  to  be  grown  in  glasses,  and  the 
latter  are  found  too  expensive,  a  number  of 
cheap,  but  wide  bottles,  could  be  used,  and  from 
them  the  flowering  roots  may  be  removed  into 
the  handsome  glasses  as  the  first  to  bUxmi  fade. 

To  Grow  Hy'acinths  in  Pots 
Not  many  directions  are  necessary.  The  soil 
shouW  be  liglit  and  rich,  such  as  may  be  formed 
of  two-year-old  cow-dung,  and  two  iiarts  sandy 
loam.  If  cow-dung  cannot  be  had,  then  use 
some  other  manure,  and  rather  a  little  more  of  it. 
A  four-inch  pot  is  large  enough  for  one  bulb,  and 
a  six  or  seven-inch  one  will  answer  for  three 
bulbs.  At  the  bottom  of  the  .pot  put  a  piece  of 
broken  pot,  and  a  few  pieces  of  charcoal,  and  on 
the  top  of  this  some  rough  pieces  pf  peat  or  turf 
loam,  then  fill  the  pots  with  the  fine  prepared  soil 
to  within  a  half  au  inch  of  the  top,  placing  the 
bulb  in  the  centre  (or  at  equal  distance  apart,  if 
three),  press  them  well  into  the  soil,  and  fill  up 
sufficiently  so  that  the  crown  of  the  bulb  is  only 
exposed.     The  soil  may  then  be  watered  and  the^ 


pots  placed  on  a  dry,  level  place  in  the  open  air 
and  covered  with  six  or  eight  inches  of  decayed 
leaves,  sand,  or  soil.  Leave  them  there  until 
the  middle  or  end  of  October.  When  wanted  in 
full  bloom  by  Christmas  or  the  New  Year,  select 
the  pots  which  are  full  of  roots  and  bring  them 
gradually  to  the  light,  as  recommended  above. 
We  will  give  further  instructions  as  regards  the 
treatment  of  Hyacinths  in  our  future  numbers. 
Culture  of  Hyacinths  in  Beds. 

An  open,  airy  place,  and  at  the  same  time,  if 
possible,  sheltered  from  cold  winds.  A  place 
where  the  sun  shines  the  longest  part  of  the  day 
is  preferable.  Any  good,  well-drained  soil,  en- 
riched with  a  few  spadesful  of  manure  will  grow 
Hyacinths  and  Tulips  well.  Plant  from  Sep- 
tember onward,  and  do  it  on  a  dry  day.  Set  in 
lines,  say  eight  or  ten  inches  apart,  which  will 
leave  space  enough  to  hoe  up  the  soil  if  neces- 
sary. The  crown  of  the  bulbs  should  be  four 
inehes  under  the  soil,  and  it  would  be  well  to 
cover  the  bed  with  a  few  inches  of  leaves,  straw, 
or  other  light  substance  that  can  be  easilv  re- 
moved when  the  plants  begin  to  grow. 
Double  Hyacinths  and  Single  Hyacinths. 

It  is  a  wrong  notion  to  suppose  that  double 
Hyacinths  are  handsomer  than  single.  Of 
course,  well-grown  double  Hyacinths  are  per- 
fectly beautiful,  but  they  are  ty  no  means  super 
rior  to  the  single,  whose  colors  are  more  diversi- 
fied, and  the  flower  spikes  of  which  are  more 
compact  and  larger;  besides,  they  are  more 
easily  grown,  and  therefore  better  adapted  for 
he  amateur. 

We  will  mention  for  the  benefit  of  those  who 
are  not  acquainted  with  Hyacinths,  that  the 
colors  include  all  the  shades  of  red  and  blue,  and 
a  large  number  of  various  shades  of  white  and 
yellow. 

Tulips. 

Like  the  Hyacinth,  the  Tulip  will  thrive  in 
almost  any  soil  or  situation.  It  is  not  desirable, 
however,  to  grow  them  in  water,  but  very  sandy 
.soil,  and  even  moss  will  do.  For  jilanting  in 
the  garden  mixed  with  Hyacinths,  Crocus,  Snow- 
drops, etc.,  they  are  unrivalled  ;  and  for  growing 
in  the  house  in  window-boxes,  pots,  or  hanging 
ba.skets  there  are  few  things  more  beautiful. 

The  early  dwarf  Due  Van  Thol  Tulips  are 
general  favorites,  their  very  brilliant  colors  and 
early  blooming,  alone,  makes  them  so  desirable. 
If  planted  early  in  September,  a.s  we  reciun- 
mcnded  for  Ilvacinths,  they  may  be  ha<l  in  bloom 
early  in  December.  They  are  to  be  recommended 
for  early  blooming  out  of  doors.  With  the  vari- 
ous colors  an  admirable  cfiect  may  be  produced, 
either  planted  in  row  or  circle,  each  of  one  color 
or  of  the  different  kinds  mixed.     The 

Early  Single  Tulips 
.Vre  fullv  .as  desirable  as  the  above.  They  em- 
lirace  all  the  finest  shades  of  purple,  crira.son, 
scarlet,  rose,  yellow,  and  white.  The  striped 
ones  combine  all  the  above  colors  and  many 
more.  We  can  recommend  them  highly,  as  they 
succeed  with  every  one.  If  planted  in  ])ots,  use 
from  one  to  five  bulbs  in  each.  For  out-of-doors 
use  plant  in  October  and  November,  and  even 
later,  should  the  weather  be  favorable.  Set  them 
about  four  to  six  inches  apart,  and  the  crown  of 
the  bulb  should  be  about  four  inches  under  the 
surface.     Next  we  have  the 

Early  Double  Tulips, 
Which,  although   they   may  be   grown   success- 
fully in  pots,  are  preferable  "for  the  flowergarden. 

Parrot  Tulips  are  exceedingly  singular  and  in- 
teresting, and  their  brilliant  colors  produce  a 
striking  effect  in  beds  or  masses. 


WILD  FLO WERSo?;..!^ Vl.'i'^^; 

Ferns,  Alpine,  io.    SEND  FOB  CATALOGUE. 
ED W ARD  CILLETTE.  8outhylol>.  Mn.i.. 

The  floral  WORLD 

a  superb  Illustrated  SI. 00  mr.nllily  free   1  yenr  lo 

all  that  enclose  this  art.  to  us  now  with  24e.  for  poslace. 

FLORAL  WOULD,  Highland  Park.  III. 


NIGHT-BLOOMING 
GEREUS. 

Our  offer  of  this  attractive  plant  iu  July  has  attracted 
BO  nuicli  interest  that  we  renew  it  tidw.  For  hb  ceiils 
we  will  .seta!  hv  mail  1  fine  plant  of  NibIiI  Hloom- 
ins  Cerenn  and  the  Farm  and  Garden  1  year,  or 
we  will  send  the  plant  alone  for  40  els.  Stamps  taken. 
FARM  AND  GARDEN,  Pliilndeipliin,  I'a. 


BULBS!        BULBS! 

BEST  I.UPORTED  AND  HOME  GROWN. 

ALSO  SEEDS  FOR  FALL  SOWING 

And  Plants  for  Winter  Blooming. 

Price-list  FREE.    ».  E.  SPALOINC.  AINSWORTH.  IOWA. 


PAPTilC  ONE  for  -20  <■'»••"''''>'''?  '<"■  30  "»• 
URb  I UO     I.  A.  PENNI NGTON,  Lebanon,  Neii. 


HARDY  PLANTS  AND  BULBS. 

All  the  New  as  well  as  the  Old  sorts  will  h.-  fc.uud  in  our 
Catalogue,  which  is  forwarded  FRKK. 

"WOOXjSOIT    &    CO., 

Lock  Drawer  E.  PASS.\I«',  N.  J. 


WHW  I  I  PLANTS  nooHri.'.s'tru'nire.«i-lrd 
forma.     Fli.wir»  of  cxqul-lte  beuutj-  and  Iraitruiicc. 

Call  »hi|>  -afi-ly  clu-  jtur  round.  A  fl.i»ir  lur  cvcr.v  ^.a»o.j  atM 
cllnie.  llnzen.?  of  sons.  Small  sample,  ».-ll  r.«.u..i  SOc,  »orlh 
Bk.  ,„g  Strom?  »t.wimeiis.i"Tie»lik'^.»!!.00.  Thousunda 
of  delighted  .Northern  tuBtonii-p».  Free  ;;■  y""  ''.>»" 
nam.  ill*  i.a|ii  r,  CatuIoEUe.  ImndBonicly  lllu»truted. 
ti.iliiiv    ill    at... in  Cacti.     Nothing  likH  il  mii-arlli.     \t  iili- now. 

TROUPE  NURSERIES,  TROUPE, TEXAS. 


^  ORNAMENTAL  M» 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  MAILED  ON  A  Pl'l.U  ATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Rlilae  anil  Lehigh  Avenues,  Phllailelphla.  Pa. 


8 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


IlIVE  S^FOGI^. 


FALL  CALVES. 

Fall  calves  should  never  be  kept  for  the  dairy 
or  tor  beef  unless  the  barn  contains  more  mom 
than  is  necessary.  The  season  is  against  them, 
and  tliey  will  not  pay  for  the  care  necessary  to 
keep  them  in  proper  condition  and  growth. 
There  may  l)e  exceptional  cases  in  which  it  may 
be  profitable  to  retain  the  late  calves,  but  the 
earlv  Spring  is  the  more  appropriate  time,  though 
it  must  be  admitted  that,  as  a  rule,  too  many 
calves  are  sacrificed  when  y(mng. 


TRAINING  A  SHEPHERD  DOG. 

The  first  tiling  to  do  is  to  teach  him  to  under- 
stand tlie  call,  and  to  obey.  The  task  is  then  an 
easy  one.  Unless  this  is  done  while  he  is  young 
he  will  ciiase  the  sheep,  which  induces  him  to  kill 
them,  the  same  as  any  other  dog  will  do.  lie  will 
be  a  model  of  innocence  when  the  shepherd  is 
near,  but  will  not  let  an  opportunity  pass  of  kil- 
ling shee|)  if  his  early  education  has  been  neglec- 
ted. Teach  liim  obklienee  at  an  early  age,  and 
he  will  be  invaluable. 


SETTING  THE  UILE. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  a.s  the  summer 
passes  away,  a  change  must  be  made  in  the 
manner  of  setting  milk.  Tlie  wanner  the  weather 
the  shallower  tlie  depth,  though  many  farmers 
preserve  the  strictest  uniformity  in  depth,  using 
the  inch  or  two  inch  system,  as  the  case  may  be, 
the  entire  year.  A  proper  use  of  the  milk  pans, 
may  not  only  enable  the  farmer  to  derive  a 
greater  profit,  but  also  prevent  loss  by  the  failure 
of  the  cream  to  rise. 


DRTING  THE  STOCK  YARD  PROFITABLY. 

Now  is  the  time  to  gallicr  up  all  the  weeds 
that  were  not  eradicated  at  the  proper  time,  and 
the  best  use  for  them  is  in  the  stock  yard  or  pig 
pen.  Tliey  will  be  tramjiled  under  foot  and  act 
as  absorbents  to  a  certain  extent.  As  they  will 
also  raise  the  surface  of  the  yard  higher,  they 
afford  a  high  surface  when  the  late  rains  saturate 
tlia  ground.  I5y  using  weeds  for  this  purpose 
they  return  a  profit  to  the  farmer  for  his  labor, 
but  before  hauling  out  such  material  it  should  be 
added  to  the  manure  heap,  in  order  to  feruient, 
M'hich  destrovs  the  seeds. 


SCOURS   PROM  FEEDING  MILK 

Cases  often  occur  in  which  skim  milk  causes 
scours  when  fed  to  pigs,  which  is  not  so  noticeable 
when  buttermilk  only  is  allowed.  To  avoid  such 
difficulty  the  milk  should  be  added  to  the  con- 
tents of  the  swill  barrel,  and  thickened  with  bran. 
It  should  then  ferment  before  being  fed.  The 
next  thing  to  do  is  to  jiut  .some  fresh  charcoal  in 
the  trough  every  day,  and  the  pig  will  be  liable 
to  no  danger  from  scours.  ( )tie  of  the  most  essen- 
tial requisites  of  a  })ig,  when  it  is  fed  on  acidulous 
food,  is  a  corrective,  and  as  charcoal  is  the  best 
substance  for  such  purpose,  it  should  always  be 
made  a  part  of  the  diet. 


CROSSING  NATIVE  SHEEP. 

Before  the  farmer  determines  on  his  cross  he  must 
fix  upon  his  purpose.  If  his  object  be  a  heavy 
fleece,  he  caninit  expect  i:ood  results  from  the 
mutton  breeds.  AVhile  a  Southdown  will  un- 
doubtedly make  an  improvement  on  the  common 
flocks  in  the  quality  of  wool,  yet,  such  wool  will 
never  be  equal  to  the  wool  produced  by  a  cross 
with  the  Merino,  and  tlntse  who  breed  to  tin- 
Merinos  must  be  satisfied  witli  a  good  clijiping  of 
wool  and  a  fair  quality  of  mutton.  Those  who 
contemplate  raising  early  lambs,  shouhi  take 
these  facts  into  consideration  also.  The  Shrop- 
shires  and  Oxibrds  are  best  for  such  purpose,  and 
to  get  the  best  result  farmers  must  breed  for  it. 


THE  YODNQ  COLTS. 

.*s  farmers  prefer  their  mares  to  foal  in  the 
fall,  the  busy  season  being  then  J^ast,  they  must 
be  careful  about  feeding  the  mare  and  foal.  A 
colt  will  stand  by  the  side  of  his  dam,  when  in 
the  stall,  and  eat  grain  witli  her  liefore  he  is  two 
months  old,  but  his  system  will  not  be  fitted  for 
so  doing,  U()r  can  he  properly  masticate  the  food. 
It  will  be  necessary,  therefore,  to  feed  all  grain 
in  the  ground  state,  especially  oats,  to  which 
young  colts  are  very  partial.  By  so  doing  many 
disorders  will  be  avoideil,  and  liy  the  time  the 
spring  pastures  are  ready,  the  colt  will  be  old 
etiough  to  graze,  and  the  mare  in  better  condi- 
tion for  work. 


^TT.TC  FEVER. 

But  few  cases  occur  on  the  farm,  and  it  is 
usually  of  a  mild  form.  Only  those  cows  that 
have  been  forced  to  an  unusual  production  die  of 
milk  fever.  It  is  similar  to  apoplexy  in  human 
beings  to  a  certain  degree.  Rich  diet,  with  stimu- 
lants, and  the  svstem  taxed  to  its  utmost,  will,  in 
the  majoritv  of"  cases,  end  the  existence  of  any 
animal,  and  the  surprise  is  more  when  it  is 
considered  that  the  cases  of  milk  fever  are  few, 
rather  than  numerous. 


FEEDING  DUSTY  HAY. 

This  is  done  continually  It  is  well  known 
that  the  leaves  of  well  cured  hay  crumble  into 
dust,  and  more  rapidly  so  as  the  season  advances. 
No  kind  of  hav  is  tol;ally  exempt  from  dust,  and 
this  trouble  is  best  avoided  by  moistening  all  the 
feed  which  is  allowed.  Heaves  in  horses,  fre- 
quent coughing,  and  difficulty  of  breathing,  may 
be  traced lo  dust  in  nearly  all  cases,  and  if  the 
cutter  is  used  as  it  should  be,  with  the  food  well 
moistened  and  salted,  the  stock  will  keep  in 
better  condition. 


HAY  FOR  DAIRY  CATTLE 

Although  good  clover  and  timothy  hay  is  best, 
we  advise  farmers  not  to  waste  any  of  the  long 
provender.  By  the  proper  use  of  ^rain  and  cot- 
ton seed  meal,  the  most  inferior  kinds  of  hay  or 
fodder  may  be  made  to  do  good  service.  Some 
dairymen  mix  the  linseed  and  cotton  seed  meal, 
using  equal  parts  of  each,  but  our  experience 
this  season  has  been  that  one- fourth  linseed  meal 
to  three-fourths  cotton  seed  meal  makes  the  best 
ration,  provided  the  cow  is  allowed,  also,  ground 
oats  and  corn  meal. 


D.viRY  Calves. — Instead  of  purchasing  cows 
for  the  dairy  a  pasture  should  lie  provided  for 
raising  calves.  No  dairyman  can  buy  a  cow 
that  he  knows  to  be  suitable  until  it  is  tested,  but 
if  he  breeds  his  best  cows  to  choice  bulls  he  will 
be  able  to  secure  a  larger  number  of  first-class 
animals  than  in  any  other  manner.  It  should  be 
a  rule  to  send  nothing  to  market  except  bull 
calves,  until  after  every  heifer  has  produced  at 
least  one  calf,  and  herself  been  tested. 


THE  SMALL  BREEDS  OF  HOGS. 

Although  the  majority  of  the  farmers  are  par- 
tial to  the  large  breeds,  there  are  some  advantages 
in  favor  of  the  small  Yorkshires  and  Suffolks,  not 
possessed  by  the  Poland  Chinas  or  Chesters. 
Every  one  who  raises  stock  must  acknowledge 
that  an  animal  which  has  ceased  to  grow,  fattens 
more  readily  than  one  'vhich  is  not  matured. 
The  tendency  at  the  present  day  is  to  breed  for 
small  carcasses  (except  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  large  pork  packing  cities),  as  such  meat  is 
more  in  favor,  and  realizes  liigher  price  than 
larger  carcasses,  but  unless  the  small  hogs  can  be 
raised  at  a  cost  equivalent  to  the  production  of 
pork,  the  larger  sizes  will  be  preferred.  Now  if 
we  consider  that  the  small  Yorkshire  and  Suffolk 
mature  early,  it  at  once  becomes  apparent  that 
they  are  more  easily  fattened.  While  the  large 
breeds  require  time  to  mature  the  food  consumed 
must  contribute  to  bone  and  tissue,  though  a 
proportion  will  also  be  devoted  to  fat,  and  in  the 
meantime  a  hog  of  a  smaller  breed  begins  much 
earlier  to  convert  nearly  all  its  food  into  flesh. 
If  we  have  a  litter  of  pigs  to  farrow  from  a  small 
breed,  at  the  same  time  with  a  litter  from  a  large 
breed,  in  proportion  to  cost  of  food,  from  .\pril  to 
December,  the  gain  will  be  nearly  the  same, 
although  the  pigs  of  the  larger  breed  may  weigh 
more  than  the  other,  but  the  dift'erence  will  not 
be  very  great.  If  the  pigs  are  kept  over  to  the 
second"  year,  the  larger  breed  will  be  much  more 
profitable,  but  for  the  first  year  the  profit  will  be 
the  greatest  from  the  smaller  breed,  and  this 
may  be  verified  by  any  farmer  w  ho  will  take  the 
pains  to  keep  an  acc^mnt  of  the  expenses.  The 
small  breeds  grow  fast,  fatten  early,  and  are  fit 
for  the  butcher  long  before  the  large  breeds. 
The  comparison  is  not  made  as  to  which  will 
grow  the  faster,  or  which  will  make  the  larger 
hog,  but  which  will  yield  the  largest  ]irofit,  the 
profit  being  that  sum  derived  after  JediiclirKj  Ihe 
cost,  whether  the  pigs  weigh  one  hundred  pounds 
or  three  hundred.  If  the  boars  of  the  small 
breeds  are  used  oil  large  coarse  sows  the  pigs  will 
be  hardier,  for  the  pure  breeds  are  bred  too  fine 
for  general  farm  purposes,  but  the  crosses  are 
excellent,  aud  always  give  satisfaction. 


Use  the  Right  Brekds. — We  notice  that  on 
many  dairy  farms,  where  milk  is  sent  to  the 
large  cities,  that  while  the  dairymen  show  a  dis- 
position to  improve  their  stock,  in  a  majoritv  of 
cases  the  bulls  used  are  Jersevs.  Now  this  is  a 
mistake,  and  only  tends  to  disgust  the  average 
dairymen,  who  sells  milk  only,  with  the  pure 
breeds.  The  Jersey  is  not  a  deep  milker,  her 
jiarticular  quality  is  producing  butter,  and  in 
that  respect  she  will  always  give  .s.itisfaction.  If 
our  dairyman  really  wish  the  best  results  in  the 
production  of  a  cow  that  yield  large  quantities 
of  milk,  they  must  use  only  the  Holsteius  or 
.\vrsliires. 


The  old  idea  that  the  trotter  is  a  cross  between 
the  thoroughbred  and  common  stock  is  a  mis- 
taken one.  .\ll  the  recent  winners  and  record 
makers  have  had  a  preponderance  of  trotting 
blood  in  their  veins,  and  horsemen  now  look  for 
both  dam  and  sire  having  most  trotting  ances- 
tors. It  may  have  been  true  in  the  past  cen- 
tury, when  Ihe  trotter  was  first  known,  that 
thoroughbred  blood  was  mi.xed  in  them,  but 
they  are  now  as  distinct  a  race,  with  their  pecu- 
liar gait,  as  the  thoroughbred  or  Arabian.  We 
venture  to  say  that  in  forty  years  from  now  the 
trotter  will  beat  the  time  of  the  running  horse. 


White  Clover. — This  is  an  excellent  pasture 
grass  f(U-  cows  and  sheep,  and  a  piece  of  ground 
should  be  seeded  to  it  for  a  special  reserve. 


REGISTERED  SWINE 


True  ptrdlsree  glv*-n  v 


Tfii^rouch  iTi-4  I'hi-Kter   Whites.   Po- 
laiid*Chln«»,  ii  Impurteil  BerLnnlres 
.old.  Strong.  Iit-althy 


.     _  urfiT  cuaranteed.   8fn<i  sump  for  new  C»t*> 
loffa&    O.  U.  WarHnrton,  Box  62*.  Wc«t  Che«ter,  Pa. 


2806Lbs.Wg' 

of  two  OHIO  IMPROVED 
iCH ESTER  HOGS! 

'  Send  for  descriptiou  of  this  \ 
famous  breed.    Al^oFowls. 
B.SILVER,Cleveland,0. 


JERSEY  REIi,  rOLAND-CHINA, 
Ihr-icr  Hhilr.  Itfrkublre  A  York- 
shire I'lp*.  S..ulhdowB,  (oUwold 
nnd  Oxforfl  Down  Shrrpanrl  Luaba 
Srotrb  Collry  Sb<>phrr(l  Uocs  »bi1 
Fanej  Poullr;.  BrndrurlftUlopa* 
WaTLEE  Bl  KPEE  4  CO  Jhll».P» 


.Clieiler  White.  Berk-  TJTp  Q 
ihire  and  Poland  China  i  AITO, 
Flue  Setter  liotc*^  -'^cotch  CoUIch, 
FoxIIoundft,  und   UenicleA,  bred 

and  for  sale  by  A.  PEOPLES  a  CO., 
•West  Chester,  Chester  <.'(...   Pa. 
Send   Stamp  for  Circular  and  Price    List. 


Have    you     Butter, 
Esi,"*.    Chickens    to 


COUNTRY  PRODUCE. 

siell?    Write  to  us  for  prices  at  this  Market.     Consien- 
nients  solicited  and  prompt  returns  innile.    Refer, 
hy  pHiniissidn,  to  the  publishers  of  this  paper. 
SEEDS  S:  FERGUSON,  ComuiiHHion  ]>[prc1innt8. 

Twelfth  Street  Market,  Philadelphia. 


JERSEYI  ^!J^^^,^^^.  I  JERSEY 

J/-nl  fi'>r>j(' I  &  Plymouth  Rock  Fowlt  &  eqg>. I"  Hill  Rlrir" 

REDS.  h^.iN{F:.{4^V.VVV-f:£;  ICATTLE 

Mortimer  W  liitelienil,  Middtebuth,  New  Jertey, 


JERSEY  RED  PICS. 

8  to  14  weeks  old.  Pure  stork.  $12  per  pair.  Bo.xert 
with  feed.    Snfe  arrival  cuaranrerd. 

JOHN  S.  COLLINS  Moorrotown.  V  J. 


Chester  "Wlilte,  York- 
ghire.  Berkshire,  and. 
Poland-China  in  their 
porit;  Lincoln,  Hamp- 
shire Dofrn,  South 
Coira  Sheep  and  Scotch  Collie  Shepherds 
a  Specialty,     Send  for  Circular  and   Prices. 

T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

(tT^Come  luid  see  our  stock  and  select  for  yourselves. 


DO  YOU  WANT  A  DOG? 

If  so,  send  for  D0(;  BVYERS' 
GUIUE.  containing  colored  plates, 
loo  engravings  of  different  breeds, 
prices  they  are  worth,  and  where  to 
luv  them.  Also,  cuts  of  Dog  Fur- 
nishing G-'ods  of  all  kinds.  Direc- 
tions for  Training  Dogs  and  B.eed- 
ing  Ferrets.     Mailed  for  lo  cts. 

PHILADILPHIi  SElTiTELS, 
237  3. 8th  St.  Ptiilii'i. 


5l-g%^g»?-'g»g»g-'y-'y-.g»g^y-g»t»fBB 


SOMETHING  UNEXPECTED 

THOROUGHBRED  SHEEP 

or  TEN  OirrERENTBREEOS,  TO  BE  OIVIOED  «  PREIIIIUHS 

AMONG  THOSE  GETTING  liP  THE  LftRGEST  CLUBS  FOR 

TUt:  NATIONAI, 

WOOL-GROWERS'    QUARTERLY.. 

The  official  organ  of  ihc  National  WooL-GnowKas'  Afiso.iATioN. 
Th.so  sheep  are  donaU--l  l-r  liadine  breeders  of  the  fiiil'-d  ^-'a'^-  "^ 
aid  in  «ecurinii  an  immr^i!»te  and  immense  circulation  for  Tne 
QuHrt<?rlT  in  everv  Slate  and  TerritofT.  A  handsome  64-pnffe 
niiizanne,  only  ftO  ocnt^  a  \ear  in  clnhs  of  k-n  ;  siuirle  suI^m  riiaion« 
60'-n(s.     For  purri.-nl.ir-    .a-h  commission.,  ■■(^,.  ad.iro--  iit  once 

HWIOHAL  WOOL-GROWERS'  qUARTERLY.  PITTSBURG.  Pa. 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


9 


(EMBODYING  RESULTS  OF  ACTfAL   EXPERIENCE.) 
HATCHING  CHICKS  EVERT  MONTH. 


By  P.  H.  Jacobs.  Hanimonltm,  N.  J. 


Although  custom  has  confined  the  hatching  of 
chicks  to' the  early  spring  niontlis,  there  is  no 
reason  why  they  may  not  be  hatched  ami  raised 
with  profit  the  entire  year.  There  is  not  a 
month  in  the  year  that  does  not  present  advan- 
tages and  disadvantages,  and  tlie  most  successful 
persons  often  meet  with  loss  when  unexpected, 
and  success  when  the  obstacles  seem  greatest. 

September  is  an  excellent  time  to  begin  hatch- 
ing, not  because  there  will  be  a  sale  for  broilers 
wlieti  they  are  six  weeks  old,  but  because  they 
can  be  raised  with  less  care.  In  such  case  the 
poultry  raiser  must  take  into  consideration  the 
fact  tliat  the  best  prices  are  not  attainable  until 
after  Christmas,  and  the  chicks  must  pass  through 
the  beginning  of  winter  The  broilers  that  bring 
the  highest  prices  are  those  that  are  fat,  compact, 
and  nicely  feathered,  and  when  they  first  come 
into  mark'etshouhl  weigh  from  one-half  to  three- 
quarters  of  a  pound.  How  to  raise  chicks 
hatclied  in  September,  and  yet  manage  to  liave 
them  small  enough  for  sale  in  January,  is  best 
done  by  crossing  a  black-red  game  bantam  cock 
on  small,  compact  common  hens.  The  gjime 
blood  gives  vigor,  the  flesh  is  the  best  of  all  table 
towls,  and  the  bantam  size  prevents  rapid  growth. 
but  allows  of  quick  feathering  and  age  before 
the  weather  becomes  too  cold.  As  the  chicks 
will  have  made  suflicient  growth  during  the  fall 
to  enable  them  to  withstand  the  severity  of 
winter,  they  will  be  able  to  endvre  much  more 
than  the  chicks  from  standard  fow'.s  of  llie  .same 
age.  The  same  rule  that  applie>  to  September 
may  hold  good  for  October,  but  November  de- 
mands a  cross  of  a  larger  kind,  for  the  cliicks 
will  not  grow  too  fast  after  frost.  We  should 
cross  the  hens  with  a  cock  of  a  hardy  breed,  and 
one  that  feathers  up  well,  such  as  the  Plymouth 
Rock  lor  Dominiciv,  if  the  hens  are  large),  but 
avoid  such  breeds  as  Hamburgs  or  Black  Spanish, 
as  they  are  too  tender  for  winter. 

The  first  consideration  for  the  chicks  is  dryness. 
The  slightest  dampness  is  worse  tluin  cold, 
though  warmth  is  also  abscdutely  essential.  The 
breeder  will  find  that  his  duty  will  be  shoveling 
snow,  thawing  drinking  fountains,  and  occasion- 
ally resuscitating  chicks  tliat  have  been  chilled, 
but  after  he  has  attended  to  tliem  faithfully  he 
will  be  amply  rewarded  by  the  high  ])rices 
obtained.  Chicks  hatched  in  November,  Decem- 
ber, and  January,  are  more  readily  sold  at  the 
weight  of  half  a  pound.  February  and  March 
chicks  sell  best  at  three-quarters  of  a  jmund,  and 
April  hatched  chicks  at  a  pound,  the  price 
averaging  about  fifty  cents  a  chick,  the  half 
pound  selling  at  one  Qollar  per  pound,  the  three- 
quarters  at  seventy-five  cents  per  pound,  and 
pro  rata. 

Although  the  difiiculties  in  winter  may  seem 
arduous,  the  prices  are  a  remuneration,  but  the 
largest  and  easiest  profits  are  derived  from  chicks 
hatched  in  the  spring  months — March,  April, 
and  May,  owing  to  the  expenses  being  lighter  in 
comparison,  the  chicks  not  being  subject  to  such 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold  as  during  the  winter 
and  summer.  The  best  month  tor  selling  is 
April,  and  the  poorest,  September  and  October. 
That  chicks  may  be  raised  profitably  at  all 
times  may  be  made  apparent  from  the  fact  that 
the  price  seldom  l>ecomes  less  than  twelve  and 
one-half  cents  a  pound,  even  in  the  dullest  sea- 
sons, though  adults  often  sell  for  much  less, 
while  the  actual  cost  is  about  five  cents  ])er 
pound.  The  summer  months  are  usually  con- 
sidered the  most  unfavorable  for  hatching  young 
chicks,  but  the  cause  of  failure  may  be  attribu- 
ted to  lice,  which  rapidly  multiply  during  warm 
weather,  the  mortality  being  greater  than  in 
winter  or  spring.  This  difficulty  is  easily  obvi- 
ated, however,  by  proper  management,  and  as 
the  increase  of  carcass  is  greatest  during  the  first 
three  months  of  a  chick's  existence,  a  fair  profit 
may  be  realized  even  at  low  prices. 

To  classify  each  month,  in  a  condensed  form,  in 
regard  to  the  advantages  and  disadvantages,  we 
may  state  that  in  September  chicks  may  be 
hatched,  brought  to  a  good  condition,  and  sold 
in  January  at  a  fair  profit,  but  the  breeder  must 
buy  all  the  food  and  expect  to  do  hard  work 
before  they  reach  the  market. 

October  enables  the  breeder  to  have  the  chicks 
feathered  i)efore  the  cold  season  sets  in,  and  they 
may  be  sold  with  those  liatched  in  September. 

November  chicks  will  bring  good  prices  about 
the  beginning  of  February,  but  they  demand  the 
closest  supervision,  and  unceasing  care. 

December  chicks  come  at  a  time  when  they 
mu,st  not  be  allowed  to  roam  at  will,  for  the  cold. 


if  allowed  to  injure  them,  brings  on  roup,  and 
they  gradually  drop  otf.  With  plenty  of  warmtli 
and  sunlight,  however,  they  may  be  carried  tor- 
ward  with  but  little  loss. 

January   chicks  are    those   that   produce   the 
early  pullets  for  winter  laying,  but  they  must  be  , 
raised  without  the  snow  and  ice  to  injure  them. 
It  is  the  extra  care  required  that   makes   them 
valuable. 

Both  January  and  February  are  the  months 
for  raising  the  April  market  chicks;  the  best 
breeds  fijr  the  purpose  being  those  possessing 
strong  constitutions,  heavy  bone,  and  close 
feathering.  All  chicks  raised  in  the  winter 
months  grow  faster  the  greater  the  proportion  of 
artificial  heat  supplied. 

March  chicks  get  the  benefitof  the  first  growth 
of  vegetation  iu  warm  sandy  sections,  and  a 
variety  of  food  is  more  easily  obtained  than  (ire- 
viouslv.  A  cross  of  the  Leghorn  on  common 
hens  is  now  the  best,  as  the  chicks  will  feather 
rapidly  and  come  into  market  with  greater  attrac- 
tions, 'owing  to  the  easy  maturity  of  the  Leg- 
horns. Chicks  hatched  this  month  sell  best  in 
Mav,  when  about  one  pound  each  in  weight. 

April  and  Mav  are  twin  months,  t.ie  conditions 
being  nearlv  tlie  same.  The  chicks  will  receive 
a  greater  variety,  and  can  begin  to  forage.  They 
reach  the  market  about  the  middle  of  June  and 
first  of  Julv,  up  to  which  time  the  prices  will  he 
from  fifty  cents  down  to  twenty-five  cents  per 
pound  for  two-pound  cliicks,  but  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction will  be  less. 

June,  July,  and  August  are  considered  unfa- 
vorable months,  for  reasons  stated  above,  yet, 
in  proportion  to  the  cost  of  proiluction  (estima- 
ting care,  labor,  and  price  of  food),  the  profit 
from  hatching  chicks,  ior  the  capital  invested,  is 
quite  a  large  sum  it  rightly  noticed,  the  princi- 
ple obstacle,  as  meiitioned,  being  lice. 

In  attempting  to  illustrate  that  hatching  chicks 
may  be  made  profitable  at  all  seasons,  it  should 
be  considered  that  while  the  prices  are  greatest 
for  those  raised  during  the  winter  that  transpor- 
tation to  market,  cleanliness,  and  freedom  from 
colds  is  more  difficult,  and  that  by  keeping  away 
the  vermin  in  summer  the  lowest  prices  are 
apparentlv  more  than  they  seem  to  be  if  we 
allow  due  importance  to  the  value  of  quicker 
growth,  smaller  amount  of  food  consumed,  and 
the  saving  eff'ected  by  the  foraging  of  the  chicks, 
and  the  feeding  to  them  of  luucii  material  that 
would  otherwise  he  wasted.  Above  all  things 
give  strict  attention  to  the  merits  of  the  breeds, 
and  use  as  cardinal  rules  for  success — icarmt/i, 
ftri/ness,  cleanliness,  and  rnriely  in  feeding.  It' 
these  suggestions  are  followed  the  chances  of 
success  will  be  largely  increased. 


annually,  sooner  or  later  brings  on  loss  of  vigor 
and  hardiness  in  the  chicks.  The  eggs  from  the 
early  moulted  hens  hatch  best,  and  the  hens  are 
better  sitters  and  more  reliable  than  the  pullets. 
It  is  time  to  rid  the  flock  of  the  moulting  hens, 
when  they  postpone  the  shedding  of  feathers  after 
the  advent  of  cold  weather,  for  such  hens  will  noti 
lay  until  Spring,  no  matter  how  well  they  pass 
through  the  ordeal,  nor  will  tlie  jiuUets  lay  if 
they  do  not  begin  early.  It  is  well  known  that 
pullets  and  cockerels  do  not  nionlt  the  first  fall, 
but  they  continue  to  grow  until  over  a  year  old, 
wliich  affects  the  laying  qualities  of  the  pullets 
to  a  certain  extent.  The  breeder  may  hasten  the 
moulting  of  the  hens  by  giving  them,  three  times, 
a  week,  a  little  meat  and  ground  bone,  with  aa 
occasional  stimulant  of  a  little  red  pepper  and 
tincture  of  ircm.  The  object  should  be  to  get 
them  to  moult  as  soon  as  possible,  and  not  to  send 
them  to  niiirkef  If  good,  strong,  well-grown 
cockerels  are  obtainable,  no  objections  may  be  in 
the  way  of  selling  the  cocks,  and  yet  it  is  advis- 
able to  keep  a  cock  that  has  proved  himself 
valuable,  another  season. 


MOULTING  IN  THE  PALL. 

As  the  hen  begins  to  molt,  the  number  of  eggs 
secured  becomes  less  than  previously,  hut  as  all 
the  hens  do  not  usually  moult  at  the  same  time,  a 
careful  comparison  will  convince  the  breeder 
that  more  eggs  will  be  obtained  than  during  some 
of  the  winter  months.  We  wish  to  give  a  few 
special  hints  to  our  readers  in  regard  to  the 
moulting  hens,  as  many  mistakes  occur  by  not 
taking  advantage  of  natural  results. 

As  soon  as  a  hen  begins  to  moult  she  stops 
laying  (though  there  are  sometimes  exceptions), 
and  she  is  sent  to  market.  If  we  will  but  calcu- 
late that  it  requires  three  months  during  which 
time  to  complete  the  moulting  ]iroeess,  it  is  plain 
that  the  hen  that  begins  now  will  finish  about 
the  first  of  December.  Being  then  in  full  plum- 
age, and  her  troubles  over,  she  is  prepared  to 
begin  the  winter,  and  should  lay.  If  the  com- 
mences to  lay  on  the  approach  of  winter,  she  will 
continue  to  do  so  until  spring,  and  will  return  a 
large  revenue  owing  to  the  high  prices  then 
obtained  for  eggs,  and  will  also  be  among  the 
first  to  sit  in  the  spring,  when  it  is  desirable  that 
the  early  broods  be  hatched,  mark  the  fact  then, 
that  instead  of  sending  her  to  market  that  it  will 
pay  to  keep  her  as  a  winter  layer.  But  the 
moulting  hens  are  made  to  give  place  to  the 
early  puUet-s,  and  we  consider  such  a  course 
injurious,  as  pullets  often  begin  to  lay  before  they 
are  fully  matured,  and  a  repetition  of  the  process 


THE  BROOM  IN  THE  POULTRY  HOUSE. 

It  is  a  disagreeable  task  at  all  times  to  clean 
out  the  jioultry  houses  and  coops,  but,  like  every 
other  undertaking,  much  dejiends  on  the  system- 
atic uiaiiner  in  which  the  work  is  performed. 
We  have  seen  persons  labor  hard  all  day,  in  the 
midst  of  filth,  with  shovel  and  hoe,  cleaning  the 
poultry  house,  and  when  the  job  was  finished  but 
little  a|ipearance  of  cleanliness  was  added  to  it. 
There  is  an  easy,  neat,  effectual  way  of  cleaning 
the  poultry  house,  which,  if  adopted,  removes 
the  dread  and  disgust  of  the  work,  and  makes  it 
a  pleasure  instead  of  an  annoyance.  The  first 
consideration  is  the  construction  of  the  floors. 
Dry  dirt  will  not  answer,  for  the  reason  that  it 
absorbs  the  iin|)urities,  and  the  filth  can  only  be 
removed  with  the  dirt,  thus  entailing  the  neces- 
sity of  changing  the  entire  floor  and  substituting 
fresh  material.  W^  have  found  the  use  of  the 
broom  to  be  the  cleanest,  easiest,  and  best  method 
of  removing  the  droppings,  but  in  order  to  do  so, 
the  floor  must  be  hard.  Wood  is  the  best  mater- 
ial, but  a  wooden  floor  is  liable  to  become  a  har- 
boring jilaee  for  rats,  unless  it  is  well  closed 
underneath,  or  raised  sufficiently  to  allow  of  a 
cat  or  terrier  to  run  in  and  out  under  it.  When 
this  is  done  the  cold  air  comes  up  into  the  poultry 
house  in  winter,  ami  makes  the  wooden  floors 
objectionable.  Cement  is  better,  for  it  not  only 
prevents  vermin  from  entering,  but  also  the 
drafts.  The  cheapest  way  to  make  such  a  floor 
is  to  take  1  barrel  of  lime,  2  of  sand,  1  of  fine 
gravel,  1  bushel  of  cements,  and  two  gallons 
liquid  coal  tar.  Mix  the  engredients  dry,  then 
add  water,  and  spreaci  evenly  on  a  liani  surface 
which  has  been  graveled.  The  coal  tar  may  be 
brought  to  a  projier  consistency  with  coal  oil. 
It  keeps  away  lice,  and  colors  the  cement.  Let 
the  floor  remain  undisturbed  for  twenty-four 
hours,  and  add  another  coating  in  order  to  stop 
the  cracks. 

To  clean  such  a  floor  first  dust  it  well  with  dry 
earth,  plaster,  or  .sand.  A  mixture  of  road  dirt 
and  plaster,  equal  jiarts,  is  best.  Dust  it  over 
every  portion  of  the  floor,  and  dust  it  over  the 
walls  and  in  the  nests.  Three  times  a  week  take 
a  broom  and  sweep  the  floor,  dusting  again  after 
sweeping,  and  it  will  be  surprising  to  notice  how 
nicely  and  easily  a  poultry  house  may  be  cleaned 
out  in  a  few  minutes.  Another  advantage  is  also 
secured,  which  is,  that  the  droppings  will  need 
no  iireparation  for  jireservation,  as  it  will  only 
be  necessary  to  put  them  in  an  old  flour  barrel 
and  keep  the  barrel  under  cover.  Such  a  methotJ 
gives  the  lice  but  little  chance  for  securing  pos- 
session, and  no  disagreeable  odor  is  at  any  time 
manifested,  while  the  work  can  be  done  much 
better  than  with  the,  shovel,  spade,  or  hoe. 


THE  INFLUENCE  OF  CLIMATE. 

If  poultry  raisers  would  take  into  consideration 
the   influence   of  the  etimate  of  the  sections  in 
which  they  are  located,  they  would  secure  mucli 
( (Ymtin^ied  oihpage  16  ) 


FHR  ^&l  F  '-'  '""  l'l°°<'°'''  ''"O''  9^"^  Krown  LeS' 


81.00  encb. 


horn  Kousrers*   tour   tnolltlis  old, 
V.  C.  Tll.ia: .11.  Newark.  Del. 


FOR  POXJLTFIYIVIEN 

MAILED  ON  RECEIPT  (IF  PRIl  K. 
Belle's  Prollable  Poultry  Keeping.  SI. SO:  Halsted's  Artificial 
Incubation.  75  cents;  Incubator  Specifications  n-niiiiilt'le  di- 
n-cti'ms    lor  iiiaklus  iiii-ulnilois  at  licuiifi,  32  Cl«.     ISei- 
(lescripLiuD  uf  lliese  uu  [.>u^m_.  m.j 

POULTRY   PAPERS. 

Pricelncludesa  year's  fiubacriptinii  to  Farm  and  Garden. 

American  Poultry  Yard,  SI. 40;  National  Pooltry  Bonitor.  SI. 10; 

Poullrv  VDorld,  SI.ZO  ;  Poultry  Nation.   80    cents;    Poultry 

Monthly,  SI. 10;  Poultry  Bulletin.  SI. ID:  Poultry  and 

Farm  Journal.  SI. 10. 

S.'iHi  hv  P    O    Nar(.  .ir   I!..L'i.I.r...i  I  ..ti'r       Sriinip^  irtkfii.      Vitlrri^ 

POULTRY  DEPARTMENT-FARM  AND  GARDEN.  Plliladelphla. 


I  The    S.WIDGE,   100 

.pi-'gs.$21.  DifTerent sizes. 

'  Never  I'nils.     Sent   on 

■  trial.    C.  W.  Savidee,  1924  Huntingdon  St,  Phlll. 


incubators; 


108  Pnges.  Teaches  you  to  raise, 
care  for,  f*^t-iU  aud  be  a  "succesafiU. 
jHiiiltrymaii;"  Uow  to  preveut  <lia- 
eaacs  of  old  or  younp,  and  liave 
hens  to  lavej;fi8.  25  cts.  in  fltanips,, 
and  a  Fifty  Page  Book  "free  for 
aU^'  Willi  It. 

A.    W.    T.ANG, 
Cove  L>ului  L'Cwib  Co..  Ky^ 


10 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


©HE    FSOUSBHOLD. 


WORKING  DKESS  FOB  WOMEN. 
By  Experience. 


The  constraint  of  limbs,  and  its  heavy  weight 
are  the  chief  objections  to  womans'  dress.  The 
wei"lit  d'ags  on  the  waist  and  prevents  the  free 
use^of  the  muscles  in  such  labor  as  washing, 
ironins;,  bread  making,  bed  making,  and  house 
cleanin''.  In  these  occupations  the  arms  are 
constantly  e.xtended,  so  that  a  band  around  the 
waist  hinders  their  free  play.  If  womans;  dress 
were  always  made  without  this  constriction, 
there  would  be  far  less  disease  and  distress  among 
-them  :  therefore,  in  a  working  dress  it  should  not 
enter.  Let  the  under  garment  be  all  in  one,  the 
-under  skirt  be  attached  to  a  loosely-fitting  body, 
and  the  dress  be  cut  like  a  princess  dress,  or 
wrapper,  extending  from  the  shoulder  down. 
Let  the  skirt  be  very  short,  or  made  to  loop  up, 
by  sewing  strings  twelve  inches  apart  and  one 
under  the  other,  at  s|)aees  around  the  dress.  Let 
the  underskirt  be  arranged  in  the  same  way,  or 
the  outside  skirt  can  be  short,  and  an  extra  one 
of  the  usual  lengtli  can  be  made  to  slip  over  the 
other  if  it  is  necessary  to  stop  work  in  haste,  or 
to  appear  before  visitors. 

Now  if  any  woman  not  used  to  such  a  dress 
will  try  it,  she  will  never  be  likely  to  use  the 
old  kind  while  working.  She  will  feel  no  draw- 
ing back  at  every  attempt  to  move  forward,  and 
the  fatigue  in  consequence  will  be  lessened  to  a 
great  degree.  Still  better,  for  house  cleaning 
:and  washing,  is  it  to  have  the  dress  made  as  short 
■as  a  bathing  or  Bloomer  costume.  In  carrying 
-water,  cleaning  windows,  or  floors,  all  tlie  oon- 
■venience  of  such  a  dress  may  be  perceived.  We 
inew  of  two  ladies  who  adopted  this  dress  for 
liousecleaning  times,  and  who  said,  emphatically, 
that  it  lessened  one  half  the  fatigue  usually  ex- 
perienced. 

Woman  needs  to  learn  economy  in  motion, 
which  man  understands  by  the  study  of  ma- 
chinery. Good  planning  helps  wonderfully,  as 
well  a.s  method,  and  though  some  may  work  with 
apparently  more  rapidity  by  heedless  ways,  yet 
it  will  be  found,  in  the  long  run  there  is  no 
greater  dispatch,  and  not  near  such  good  work  as 
that  done  bv  method.  We  have  often  noted  this, 
4>nd  one  deliberate  woman  we  knew,  whose  work 
was  always  done  on  time,  was  the  wonder  of  the 
household,  until  it  w;i3  found  that  she  "made 
every  stone  tell." 

Young  girls  are  especially  benefited  by  a  loose 
fitting  dress,  as  it  allows  not  only  free  action, 
but  fi'ee  growth.     How  can  any  mother,  feeling 
true  interest  in  her  children,  allow  them  to  be 
cramped    in    tight-fitting    or   outgrown    clothes, 
-when  their  health,  nay  their  very  life  in   some 
.instances,  depends  on  free  exercise.     This  is  well 
known  where  there  are  consumptive  tendencies, 
in  the  family.  We  have  known  of  such  whose  lives 
were  prolonged  by  allowing  free  exercise  in  the 
open  air,  and  all  children  ^vith  such  tendencies, 
should  seek  (mtdoor  employment  for  a  livelihood. 
The  shoes   enter   largely  into   the  comfort  of 
labor.     They   should    fit   neatly,   and    be    kept 
nicely  mended,  as  walking  around  in  a  loose,  or 
trodden-down  shoe  tires  the  foot  twice  over,  and 
especially  should  they  have  a  large  flat  heel,  so 
that  in  standing  the  body  be  kept  in  equilibrium 
and  not  tilted  tVom  side'to  side,  to  cause  sprained 
ankles,  or   raised    unnaturally  on    the  heels,  to 
bring  on  prolapsis,  not  to   say  anything  of  the 
crop  of  corns  and  bunions  produced  ;  for  bunions 
are  the  result  of  either  high  heels,  which  throw 
the  weight  on  the  log  toe  joint,  or  of  shoes  too 
short,    which   cramp   them   in    a    similar  way. 
•Children  acquire  them  in  this  way.     Shoes  with 
•elastic  sides,  called  Congress  boots,  are  the  best 
for  walking  or  standing,  and  though  they  cost  a 
little   more   at  the  outset,  they   make   it  up  in 
superior   wear.     For  stout   or  busy   people   the 
Congress  boots  are  much  to  be  preferred,  as  they 
require  no  buttoning  or  lacing,  and  are  put  on  as 
easily  as  a  man's  boot.     Those  who  are  obliged 
to  stiinil  inucli,  \vill  find  that  ashoe  made  one  size 
too  large  for  them,  will  give  them  great  comfort 
and  prevent  corns  and  bunions;  for  tlie  foot  ex- 
pands by  standing,  and  requires  the  extra  room 
for  ease.     We  knew  of  two  ladies  who  stood  in 
stores,  who    tried   large  shoes,  and  broad  heels, 
after  suffering  tortures  with  their  ordinary  fit  of 
shoes,  besides  enduring  an  accumulation  of  corns, 
and  in  one  case  bunions.    Tlie  result  was  excellent. 
Garters  are  best  placed  above  the  knee,  as  then 
they  do  not  constrain  the  muscles  just  unoer  the 
knee.     Thus  placed  they  give  more  comfort  than 
garters  attached  to  the 'waist,  for  these  pull  the 
foot  back   at   every  step,  and   to  little  children 
must  prove  injurious,  as  they  impede  free  motion, 
as  any  one  will  find  by  trying  the  garter  attached 
.in  this  way. 


Short  dresses  for  the  street  have  been  the 
feshion  for  some  time,  and  one  would  think  the 
good  sense,  for  which  most  American  women  are 
noted,  would  keep  them  so;  but  fashions  must 
change,  or  the  designers  of  them  think  they  must, 
and  so  thev  are  being  somewhat  lengthened  again, 
let  all  women  protest,  botli  for  health  and  con- 
venience. The  constant  propelling  of  the  dress 
by  the  foot  is  as  fatiguing  as  the  walking  that  is 
done.  By  watching,  any  one  can  detect  the  labor 
it  requires  to  carry  and  push  forward  \yomans' 
dress.  Heavy  draperies  should  be  avoided  for 
this  reason  alone.  There  is  no  real  grace  to  be 
had  when  the  body  is  constrained  by  the  dress, 
the  shoulders  pushed  upward  and  outward  until 
the  arms  hang  out  akinino,  and  if  thin,  present 
their  worst  appearance,  added  to  this  a  waddle, 
produced  by  a  tight  waist,  or  a  narrow  skirt, 
kicked  forward  until  all  its  ruffles  are  in  a  xvhirl- 
pool,  and  you  have  the  gnire  of  a  tight-fitting 
dress.  To  have  arace  we  must  have  ease;  easy 
motion  is  generally  graceful.  Let  us  also  add 
the  grace  of  religious  duty  to  onr  ideas  of  health 
and  dress,  and  we  need  tear  no  relapse  into  false 
fashions  and  forms. 


Round  Shoulders.— 1.  Suspend  two  ropes 
with  ring  handles  from  a  doorway,  and  swing 
by  the  arms  three  minutes  at  a  time  three  times 
a  day.  This  will  cure  round  shoulders  within 
three  months.  2.  Remove  both  bolster  and 
pillow  from  their  usual  ()lace  under  the  head 
when  one  is  sleeping,  and  have  one  or  both 
placed  under  the  shoulder  blades.  This  brings 
the  head  a  little  below  the  level  of  the  dorsal 
region,  and  curves  the  spine  in  direct  reversal  to 
the  curves  of  the  round  shoulders,  and  as  during 
sleep,  relaxation  of  the  spine  ensues,  the  poste- 
rior spinal  muscles  are  permitted  to  recover  some 
of  the  contractibility  they  lose  during  the  day  if 
projjer  sup|>orts  be'  not  worn.  During  the  day 
let  the  patient  recline  upon  the  front  of  the  body, 
lying  at  full  length,  as  children  do,  and  resting 
on  the  elbows.  This  favorite  position  with  chil- 
dren should  be  encouraged,  as  if  steadily  prac- 
ticed it  is  a  sure  prevention  of  deformity.  This 
position  is  one  of  the  greatest  helps  to  symmet- 
rical development  in  children. 


People  learn  wisdom  bv  experience.     A  man 
never  wakes  up  his  second  baby  to  see  it  laugh. 


THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN  RECIPES. 

To  Clear  Blackberry  Wine.— Add  a  cup 
of  milk  to  each  gallon  (after  all  fermentation  is 
over),  and  as  soon  as  it  settles  pour  it  oflT. 

Ginger  Bread.— Two  and  a  half  cups  ot 
molasses,  1  of  brown  sugar,  1  of  sour  milk,  1  ot 
lard,  2  tablespoonfuls  of  ginger,  2  of  soda,  3  quarts 
of  flour. 

Ice  Cream.— One  gallon  of  fresh  milk,  yolks 
of  4  eggs  (well  beaten),  with  a  tea  cuj)  of  sugar, 
add  to  the  milk,  and  sweeten  and  season  to  the 
taste,  and  freeze.  If  richer  cream  is  desired,  put 
a  quart  of  cream  and  3  of  milk. 

Green  Corn  Pudding.- Twelve  ears  of  corn 
grated,  or  l>ush  the  grater  down  each  row  and 
scrape  out  the  kernel.  1  quart  of  sweet  milk, 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  butter,  4  eggs  (well  beaten), 
iiepper  and  salt  to  taste,  mix  well,  and  bake  in  a 
buttered  dish. 

Sweet  Tomato  Pickle. — Slice  and  boil 
twenty  to  twenty-five  minutes  in  strong  ginger 
tea.  "Measure  the  tomatoes  of  the  slewing.  To 
every  two  measures  put  one  of  sugar :  cloves, 
allspice  ami  mace  to  vour  taste.  Cover  with 
vinegar  and  boil  until  clear. 

Croquets. — Boil  a  chicken  until  tender,  take 
out  the  bones  and  chop  fine,  take  some  of  the 
liquor  it  \vas  boiled  in,  a  piece  of  butter  size  of  an 
egg,  some  flour,  black  pepper  and  a  little  onions, 
then  add  the  chicken  and  put  away  until  cold, 
make  in  cakes,  dip  in  egg  with  bread  crumbs  and 
fry  brown. 

Cookies. — One  cup  of  butter,  2  of  sugar,  5  of 
flour,  3  eggs  beaten  light,  G  teaspoonfuls  of  milk, 
with  a  small  spoonful  of  soda  dissolved  in  it ;  stir 
the  butter  and  sugar  together  until  light ;  add  the 
egg  and  a  little  cinnamon  and  nutmeg,  then  the 
milk,  last  the  flour;  roll  out,  cut  in  round  cakes, 
and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

Lemon  .Ielly  Cake.— One  and  a  half  cups  of 
sugar,  half  a  cup  of  butter,  beat  to  a  cream  ;  half 
cup  milk,  2i  cui)S  of  flour,  2  teaspoonfuls  baking 
powder,  3  eggs  well  beaten  ;  liake  in  sheets  or  in 
jelly  tins.  Jelly — One  cup  of  sugar,  1  egg  ;  grate 
the  yellow  rind  and  use  with  the  juice  of  1  lemon, 
1  taldespoonful  of  water,  1  teasponful  of  flour. 
Place  the  dish  in  a  kettle  of  ))oiling  water  and 
let  it  thicken ;  when  cool,  spread  between  the 
cakes. 


Baked  Codfish. — Pick  up  the  fish  and  freshen 
a  little  as  for  cooking,  then  into  a  dish  put  a 
layer  of  cracker  crumbs,  then  one  of  fish,  over 
each  layer  sprinkle  pepper  and  butter,  continue 
until  v'ou  have  two  layers  of  fish  and  three  of 
crackers;  lastly,  beat  two  eggs  with  milk  enough 
to  cover  the  w'hole.  Bake  about  three-quarters 
of  an  hour. 

Cabbage  Salad.— Chop  one  large  catibage 
very  fine;  put  into  dish  in  layers,  with  pepper 
and  salt  between.  Take  two  teas])oonfuls  of  but- 
ter, two  of  .sugar,  two  of  flour,  two  of  mastard, 
one  egg,  and  small  teacupful  of  vinegar.  Stir 
all  in  .saucepan  and  let  come  to  a  boil.  Pour 
over  cabbage  wliile  hot,  and  cover  dish.  When 
cool  is  ready  for  use. 

Muffins. — Three  pints  of  flour,  3  eggs,  1  pint 
of  sweet  milk,  made  into  a  batter  as  stiff  as  you 
can  stir  well  with  a  sjioon,  add  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  yeast  and  half  one  of  salt,  set  to  rise,  in  the 
in  the  morning  stir  in  a  tablespoonful  of  lard  or 
butter  (melt  it)  and  a  teaspoonful  of  soda.  Bake 
in  a  quick  oven.  They  are  very  nice  on  a  griddle 
it  you  have  no  rings. 

Coffee  Cake. — Three  eggs,  well  beateti,  two 
cups  of  brown  sugar,  one  cup  of  butter,  one  cup 
of  milk,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda,  two  teaspoon- 
fuls of  cream  of  tartar,  work  this  to  a  stiff  dough, 
and  ndl  out  to  about  half  an  inch  in  thickness, 
sift  ground  cinnamon  over  evenly,  then  roll  up 
like  jelly  cake,  cut  slices  about  half  an  inch  thick 
from  the  roll,  drop  into  granulated  sugar,  and 
bake  thoroughly  with  sugared  side  up. 

Cottage  Puffs. — One  cup  milk  and  the  same 
of  cream ;  4  eggs  beaten  stiff",  and  the  yolks 
strained  ;  1  tablespoonful  butter  chopped  into  the 
flour ;  a  very  little  sidt ;  enough  prepared  flour 
for  thick  batter.  Mix  the  beaten  yolks  with  the 
milk  and  cream ;  then  the  salts  and  whites, 
lastly  the  flour.  Bake  in  buttered  iron  pans, 
such  as  are  used  for  gems.  The  oven  should  be 
quick.     Turn  out  and  eat  with  sweet  sauce. 

Tea  Biscuit. — One  quart  flour,  1  teaspoonful 
salt,  one  half  teixspoonful  sugar,  2  teaspoonfuls 
Royal  baking  powder,  1  tablesjioonful  lard,  1 
pint  milk.  Sift  together  flour,  salt,  sugar,  and 
powder;  rub  in  lard  cold,  add  milk,  form  into 
smooth  consistent  dcmgh.  Flour  the  board,  turn 
out  dough,  roll  out  to  thickness  of  three-quarter 
inch,  cut  with  small  round  cutter  ;  lay  them  close 
together  on  greased  baking  tin ;  bake  in  a  good 
hot  oven  twenty  minutes. 


Cucumber  Catsup. — Thee  dozen  fuU-grown 
cucumbers,  8  onions,  peel  and  chop  as  fine  as 
possible  (some  prefer  grating,  but  I  do  not), 
sprinkle  1  gill  of  salt  over,  put  them  on  a  seive 
and  let  them  drip  eight  hours  (or  all  night  if 
fixed  in  the  afternoon),  1  tea  cup  of  white  mus- 
tard seed,  half  cnn  ground  black  pepper,  a  little 
grated  horseradish,  mix  well  and  cover  with 
strong  vinegar,  close  tightly  and  it  can  be  used  in 
three  days.  If  preferred,  the  horseradish  can  be 
left  out. 

Lemon  Meringue  Pudding.— One  quart  milk, 
2  cups  bread  crumbs,  4  eggs,  1  cup  wliite  sugar, 
1  large  lemon,  juice  and  rind  grated ;  soak  the 
bread  in  the  milk,  add  the  beaten  yolks  with  the 
sugar,  rub  to  a  cream,  also  the  lemon.  Bake  in 
a  buttered  dish  until  firm  and  slightly  brown. 
Draw  to  the  oven  and  cover  with  a  meringue  of 
the  wliites  whipped  to  a  froth,  with  three  table- 
spoonfuls of  powdered  sugar  and  a  little  lemon 
juice.  Brown  slightly  ;  sift  powdered  sugar  over 
it  and  eat  cold. 

Excellent  Icing.— To  one  pound  of  granu- 
lated sugar,  put  two  wineglasses  of  water,  let  it 
stand  until  well  saturated,  put  in  a  kettle  over  a 
slow  fire  and  let  it  simmer  until  a  thick  syrup, 
stirring  it  all  the  while.  Have  ready  the  \yhite 
of  two  eirgs  well  beaten.  Pour  out  the  syrup  and 
let  it  cool  enough  not  to  eook  the  eggs,  then  beat 
in  the  eggs  and  beat  until  cool.  Be  particular 
not  to  let  the  sugar  get  too  cool.  Season  to  taste 
with  lemon.  This  will  ice  a  large  cake,  and 
thin  as  it  is  put  on. 

Dried  Apple  Fruit  Cake.— One  packed  pint 
of  api.lesput  insoak  at  night,  in  morning  chop 
fitir,  put  them  in  a  brass  or  porcelain  kettle,  with 
"l  cup  New  Orleans  molasses,  1  of  brown  sugar,  1 
greted  nutmeg,  1  teaspoonful  of  ground  mace,  6 
cloves,  and  one-third  of  an  orange  peel,  broken 
small.  Cook  raiiidlv  until  veri/  stifl",  stirring 
constantly.  Let  this  stand  twenty-four  hours, 
then  make  cake:— Four  eggs,  1  teaspoonful  soda, 
and  2  of  cream  tartar,  3  cups  of  sugar,  1  of  sweet 
milk,  I  teaspoonful  of  mace,  and  heaping  quart 
of  flour,  sift  soda  and  cream  tartar  in  the  flour. 
Mix  well  and  bake  as  fir  other  fruit  cake  ;  slowly 
for  two  and  a  half  hours. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


11 


Odds  and  Gnds. 


SKETCHES  OF  CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 


Article  II. 


The  European  settlement  at  the  foot  of  a  rocky 
irange  called  Kahchio,  is  the  place  where  the 
American,  English,  French,  and  Dutch  consuls 
live.  The  range  of  rocks  are  intersected  by  va- 
rious ravines,  which  are  used  as  paths  for  the 
inhabitants  in  traveling  from  place  to  place.  X 
number  of  Missionaries'  homes  are  located  here. 
In  1842  Europeans  first  came  to  the  neighborhood 
of  Swatoo,  China.  In  1S.51  they  formed  a  settle- 
ment on  Double  Island,  which  now  is  the  home 
of  the  pilots.  In  ISIJO  Swatoo  was  declared 
•open  to  the  Americans  and  English,  and  a  year 
later  the  natives  allowed  them  to  live  in  the  city. 
•  Swatoo  is  180  miles  nortli  of  Hong  Kong. 

Mogibav,  about  four  miles  from  Nagasaki, 
Japan,  is' the  place  where,  in  the  Seventeenth 
centurv,  about  37,000  Christians  were  extermi- 
nated 'by  order  of  the  ruler  of  the  place,  one 
Taico  Sama.  About  300  years  ago  thousands  of 
men,  women,  and  children  were  massacred  by 
being  driven  from  the  clifis  of  Pappenburg  at 
the  pike's  point,  and  crushed  to  death  on  the 
rocks  beneath,  because  tliey  would  not  trample 
on  the  cross  of  the  Saviour.  The  island  of  Pap- 
penburg is  about  one  mile  in  circumference,  and 
presents  a  beautiful  ai>pearance. 

Until  186!i  no  Christian  was  allowed  to  set  his 
foot  upon  the  island,  and  none  but  the  Dutch 
•were  allowed  to  trade  in  the  country. 

It  is  said  that  when  the  Dutch  asked  Taico 
Sama,  the  stern  ruler,  after  the  Imperial  edict 
was  is.sued  forbidding  any  but  natives  of  the 
country  to  remain  on  .Japanese  soil,  what  the 
shape  and  situation  of  tlie  ground  should  be  that 
w.is  to  be  given  to  the  Dutch  merchants,  he  con- 
temptuously Hung  out  his  fan.  They  took  tliis 
for  granted  that  he  intimated  that  it  should  be 
that  shape,  and  .so  on  an  artificial  island,  con- 
nected with  the  shore  by  a  bridge,  and  watched 
by  an  insolent  guard  who  prevented  all  commu- 
nication with  the  neighborhood,  e.xcepting  in 
rare  cases,  and  at  an  exorbitant  expen.se  to  the 
merchants,  they — the  Dutch— built  what  is  now- 
called  "  Dessim'a,"  said  island  being  of  fan  shape. 
Dessima  is  now  a  great  place  for  .Japan  cricket- 
ing. The  houses  are  of  the  Dutcli  style  of 
architecture. 

I  herewith  make  some  interesting  extracts 
from  the  private  diaries  of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel 
P.  Boyer,  U.  S.  Surgeon,  which  I  have  iu  my 
))ossession : — 

On  the  2'2d  of  November,  1869,  we  anchored  at 
Sliangliai,  China.  On  the  2.5th,  it  being  a  cool 
day,  Mr.  Wilson  and  myself  took  a  drive  around 
town,  and  had  a  lively  time.  We  drove  over 
several  natives  who  were  either  too  lazy,  indif- 
ferent, or  deaf  from  smoking  opium  to  hear  us 
and  get  out  of  our  wav,  although  the  driver 
yelled  like  the  "Old  Ha'rry." 

The  streets  are  crowded  all  the  time.  All 
-women  have  small  feet,  except  Coolie  women, 
who  have  quite  large,  inferior  extremities.  The 
unformed  bones  of  the  infant's  feet,  at  a  very 
early  age,  have  to  be  broken,  and  the  toes  are 
then  bent  beneath  the  .s(des  of  the  feet ;  in  this 
way  the  feet  are  bandaged  and  not  allowed  to 
grow,  the  consequences  are  very  small  feet,  but 
huge,  unwielding  ankles,  and  no  calfs.  The 
pain  must  be  great,  judging  from  the  alteration 
in  the  direction  of  the  bones.  The  pain,  I  am 
told,  often  kills  the  infant,  yet  mothers  pride 
them,selves  in  their  own  feet,  and  subject  their 
offspring  to  the  same  treatment.  In  order  to 
walk,  some  of  these  beauties  are  compelled  to 
totter  with  the  help  of  a  stick,  which,  w-ith  a 
-white  p<iwder  used  to  blanch  their  countenances, 
called  forth  the  following  verse  from  an  inspired 
Oriental  poet: 

"  Pale  as  rice — 

Graceful  as  a  bamboo?  " 
Every  now  and  tlien  one  meets  a  wheelbarrow 
■\vith  two  seats  on  each  side  of  the  wheel,  occu- 
pied by  the  ladies,  an<l  ]>ropelled  by  a  Coolie. 
They  can  thus  travel  for  miles  at  very  little 
expense;  twenty-five  cents  for  ten  miles  is  a  fair 
price.  Chinese'woman  have  very  little  express- 
ion— all  look  alike  ;  when  you  see  one  you  have 
seen  them  all.  I  prefer' a  Japanese  woman. 
Chinese  women  are  fond  of  opium,  and  they 
love  to  luxuri.itfc  in  filth. 

The  streets  of  Shanghai  are  narrow  and  very 
•dirtv.  The  cost  of  living  among  the  inhabitants 
averages  from  $1.50  to  "$2..50.  The  dead  are 
buried  anywliere — along  the  wayside,  in  the 
yard,  or  anv  open  field. 

In  a  popular  Chinese  medical  work  I  found  a 
catalogue  of  1012  medicines,  of  which  there  are 
from  metals  and  stones,  133  kinds,  grasses  and 
•vegetables   (including  roots,  leaves,  flowers  and 


seeds)  313  kinds,  trees  117,  from  the  human  body 
20  kinds,  from  animals  91  kinds,  from  fowls  and 
brrds  34  kinds,  ih  ni  bugs,  worms,  snakes,  shell- 
fish, turtles,  flies,  &c.,  99  kinds,  fruits  40  kinds, 
of  the  "five  grains"  38  kinds,  of  the  cabbage, 
turnip,  and  melon  families,  62  kinds.  Chinese 
druggists  in  this  city  claim  to  have  as  high  as 
1000  of  these  varieties  of  medicines  upon  their 
shelves. 

A  portion  of  the  medicines  taken  from  the 
human  body  are  as  follows; — Hair  (cut  fine,  and 
used  iu  plasters),  curly  hair,  daudrufl,  teeth 
fillings,  ears  effluvia,  pairing  of  finger  and  toe 
nails  (reduced  to  ashes  by  burning),  bone  of  the 
foreliead  (reduced  to  ashes),  beard  of  the  upper 
lip,  blood,  the  gall,  &c. ;  all  this  medicine  from 
tlie  human  body  is  procured  from  the  dead 
bodies  of  felons,  who  have  not  been  claimed  by 
friends.  In  this  connection  I  might  also  say 
that  the  dead  Irodies  of  very  young  children  are 
often  simply  sewed  iu  matting  and  tossed  into  the 
boughs  of  trees,  or  exposed  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  among  the  tombs,  for  dogs  and  vultures  to 
feast  upon.  The  largest  part  of  the  medicines  j 
used  by  Chinese  physicians,  and  sold  by  the  | 
druggists,  consist  principally  of  vegetable  sub- 
stances. It  is  hard  to  say  whether  the  Chinese 
medical  system  is  allopathic  or  homecepathic ;  it 
seems  mi.xed. 


THE  FLO-WEB  MISSIONARY. 


Bi/  J.  E.  MeC. 


There  lived  in  a  thriving,  new  western  town 
a  toiling,  noble-hearted  woman  who  managed, 
in  the  luidst  of  her  busy  life,  to  become  a  real 
benefactor  to  the  community  in  which  she  lived. 
A  devoted  lover  of  flowers,  she  always  found 
spare  minutes  in  which  to  cultivate  the  choicest 
and  sweetest  she  could  obtain.  It  seems  wonder- 
ful how  such  plants  thrive  for  their  real  lovers. 
It  seems  as  if  there  was  a  magic  in  the  touch  of 
a  loving  hand  tliat  was  good  for  flowers  as  well 
as  for  the  little  human  plants. 

This  good  house-mother  rejoiced  to  share  her 
treasures  with  those  who  had  none.  Far  and 
near  were  little  doorway  bowers  wiiich  she  had 
instigated,  covered  with  hardy  climbers,  which 
gave  an  air  of  taste  to  even  a  caliin  home. 
Scarcely  a  home  spot  but  what  had  its  flower 
border  blooming  from  early  spring  until  the  fro.sts 
came,  and  it  was  largely  through  her  influence 
and  help  that  the  desert  so  "rejoiced  and  blos- 
somed like  the  rose."  In  too  many  new  settle- 
ments the  time  is  so  absorbed  in  the  hard  tug  for 
every  day  wants  that  little  attention  at  first  is 
given  to  matters  of  mere  taste.  But  this  good 
woman-missionary  felt  that  the  culture  of  these 
sweet  gifts  of  God  would  be  a  rest  to  many  a 
weary  woman,  and  lift  her  heart  out  of  the  dull 
rounj  of  wearisome  cares.  She  knew,  too,  that 
their  presence  would  exert  a  refining,  softening 
influenc*  on  the  children  of  the  household,  and 
that  a  lore  for  flowers  would,  iu  a  measure,  coun- 
teract many  allurements  not  so  safe  and  health- 
giving. 

She  has  long  since  passed  away,  hut  her  good 
work  lives  in  many  beautified  homes;  in  many 
liearts  which  her  influence  blessed.  Quiet  and 
unobtrusive  as  her  work  seemed  ;  simple  as  were 
her  little  gifts  of  a  bush  or  a  flower  plant,  with 
the  needed  directions  for  their  culture,  it  was  not 
unnoticed  by  Him  who  metes  even  the  "  cup  of 
cold  water."  Her  spirit  was  akin  to  that  of  the 
old  gardener  who,  rather  than  see  his  beautiful 
flowers  and  shrubbery  wasted  when  they  multi- 
plied too  much  for  his  grounds,  would  plant  them 
in  waste,  wayside  places  where  they  might  de- 
light some  eye  or  be  taken  home  by  someone 
who  could  api)reciate  them. 

Your  gift  of  a  rose  bush  or  a  clump  of  pansies 
to  a  poor  child  may  be  worth  much  more  to  him, 
in  the  final  results,  than  a  gift  in  money. 


ors  who  fixed  the  twelve  degrees  of  the  chromatic 
scale,  at  the  wake-and-call-me-early  period  (,f 
3468  B.  C.  The  potentate  in  question,  was  named 
Fou  Hi,  the  first.  He  invented  several  instru- 
ments, improvements  upon  which  have  made 
the  fortune  of  many  an  unscrupulous  invader  of 
Chinese  patents  in  these  our  times. 

.\mong  ills  instruments  were  of  course  the 
bones,  wliich,  when  rattled  by  Fou  Hi,  gave  forth 
celestial  harmony.  His  bones  were  a  peculiarly 
prime  order  of  article,  better  tlian  those  in  use  in 
these  degenerate  days.  Tlie  lowness  of  the  stand- 
ard of  national  taste  in  .\merica  to-day,  was 
never  more  distinctly  shown  than  in  the  utter  in- 
difterance  of  tlie  average  auditor  as  to  what  a 
minstrel's  bones  are  made  of,  so  that  they  rattle 
lustily.  Fou  Hi  with  that  nicety  of  taste  invari- 
bly  observable  in  the  fabrication  of  choice  articles 
by.  the  Oriental  people,  always  insisted  upon 
having  his  bones  made  of  the  right  shank  of 
infants  of  good  ancestry,  specially  massacred  in 
the  neatest  way,  for  the  purposes  of  manufacture. 
The  bones  were  the  first  instrument  Fou  Hi  in- 
vented, but  his  genius  soon  took  a  wider  flight 
and  he  dropped  them  for  another,  namely,  the 
lyre.  Tlie  inheritance  of  bones  as  a  musical 
instrument,  left  by  Fou  Hi,  was  carefully  cher- 
ished by  the  Greeks.  It  was  varied  in  form  by 
them,  and  called  the  "  plat.igi,"  a  word  which 
signifies  "  clapping,"  and  was  principally  used 
with  other  instrument  to  mark  the  time  for  dan- 
cers. Instead  of  two  bones  held  together  between 
the  fingers  and  rattled,  the  Greek  platagi  was 
formed  of  a  long  bit  of  liglit  wood,  split  up  part 
of  its  length,  the  shorter  jiiece  hung  on  loosely  at 
the  middle,  and  the  upper  end  serving  as  a  handle 
by  which  the  performer  could  rattle  it  conven- 
ientlv. 


EASTERN  BRIDAL  DRESS. 

The  wedding  dress  is  even  more  a  matter  of 
importance  with  an  eastern  bride  than  with  us. 
The  preparation  of  her  toilet,  in  the  presence  of 
female  friends,  often  occupies  a  large  part  of  two 
days.  The  costumes  are  often  rich  and  gorgeous 
beyond  expression.  Fashion,  as  interpreted  by 
an  oriental  milliner,  quoted  by  Dr.  Van  Lennep, 
prescribes  the  characteristics  of  an  ideal  wedding 
dress.  It  should  measure  six  yards  from  the 
shoulders  to  the  end  of  the  train  ;  the  long  sleeves 
should  sweep  the  floor;  the  material  is  silk  ;  it  is 
elaborately  embroidered  by  a  party  of  profes- 
sional embroiderers  under  the  direction  of  a 
chief.  The  sum  paid  for  superintending  the 
needle  work  on  a  single  robe  was  $500,  while  the 
the  charge  for  the  work  done  by  the  subordinates 
was  $2,500,  and  the  entire  cost  of  the  dress  was 
$10,000,  nor  must  it  be  forgotten  that  labor  in  that 
country  is  very  much  less  expensive  than  in  this. 


LATODT    d'  AtJVERGER. 

At  Carhaix,  in  Brittany,  is  a  bronze  statue  of 
Latout  d'  Auvergue,  by  Marochetti.  His  real 
name  was  'I'heophile  Malocret,  he  was  born  here, 
and  died  at  the  battle  of  Newburg,  in  1800. 
Auverque  was  a  brave  conscientious  soldier, 
whose  merits  often  made  him  a  fit  subject  for 
promotion,  which,  however,  he  steadily  refused, 
prefering  to  serve  his  country  in  the  rank  in 
which  he  had  enlisted.  In  consequence  he  re- 
ceived the  title  of"  the  first  Grenadier  of  France," 
and  to  honor  his  memory,  after  his  death,  his 
place  was  always  retained  in  his  chosen  regiment, 
and  at  regimental  roll-call  his  name  was  always 
the  first  called,  and  the  reply  was  as  uniformly, 
"  dead  on  the  field  of  honor." 


ORIGIN  OF  THE  "  BONES." 
The  historv  ol   music  plainly  shows  that  the 
elements  of  musical  art  were  in  a  manner  sys- 
tematized from  the  very  earliest  ages  of  mankind. 
The  Chinese  have  records  of  one  of  their  Emper- 


The  best  melons  in  the  world  grow  in  Persia. 

Caesar  threw  a  pile  and  trestle  bridge  across 
the  Rhine  in  ten  days. 

Elm  piles  driven  by  the  Romans  at  London, 
werein  good  order  when  removed  to  build  the 
abutments  of  London  Bridge  in  1829. 

"He  whobuililetli  In  the  street 
Many  niiislt-rs  liulli  to  niet-t, 
-Who  will  builcl  lip.. 11  the  walk 
Needs  must  let  the  people  talk.' 


SEED  WHEAT! 


Tht  eolden  ProUflc  "till  le»J"- 
Plump,  baud^ome  while  berry,  allff 
8ir»w,  free  from  rust,  bearded,  t»rly, 

CfOLDEN    PROLIr*  lO  ?&«  Urbrld  MedUerrsneon  bss 

KOlden  opinions   L«rg.-  re.1  nrRinvields  «lo60  bus.  per  «cre,  hardy,  bearded,  stands  up  «ell.  Martin's 

—    Amber,    one    ol     the    l.»o,»,>    b.id    «hl.e    varieties.      CT  »"    a."AB«.».,.    "ooLi.J    "»|-«»""; 

Tu.(.|,n  l."and,\er,  fine  red  .heal,  orUiiiallj  from  .h.ire,  of  ,he  Mediterranean.     Our  o.n  Held   .yielded  o.er 

aor.    tun    year.    nCW    OEiKU  f\  T  C  <iro.»    fro...    all    to 

•even  feet  n-atiu  atvnallf  l  "''^l'    •!'  '"  "^^^  '"'•"'"  ''""'■  ""'"'  " 

larc'-,    heayy  Krains,     rields   forty  to    hfty 
!ENTS   PER   POt'Nl>  by  mail,  post 


NEW  SEED  RYE^ 

K^y;",.' HEAVY  STRAW' |l: 

Dushela  10  the  acre.     Price.    FIFTY   C'e-i-**.:?   e  «:.«*   •  "»-±::'   -'■■■-:"  ^W 

re;'u.  i4.'o«'p.r  b*„\H*5. 17,  DESCRIPTIVE  CIRCULAR 

civil,.;    bi.lorv,    descrlpiion,  etc.,    will    t.e    MAII.EK    FBEE   to  all    who  apply. 
Remit   bv  P.j'st   Office  Moni-v  Order     Reeisi.red   U-ifr  ..r    P„!ial  Note,     Address. 

JOHNSON  &  STOKES,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA 


pRicu : 
Rr  KTpreaa.  Peck.  Bu»* 

Golden  ProliQc.  .  |l-00  $3.50 
Hvhri.lModit'rrr&Deftnl.25  4.f] 
MartiiiB  Amber.  .  1.00  3.5» 
Tuscan  Island.  .  .  1.00  3.00 
I.oveii  3  White.  .  1.25.  <.''0 
Landreth's  While.  l-OO*  3.00 
All  T»rieties  by  mall,  po-tpald 
50  cu.  per  lb.,  3  Iba.  for  fl.OO 


12 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


"Vol.  I'V.,  JSTo.  I- 


CONTENTS  OF  THIS  NUMBiSl. 

Page  1.— September  Rambles  over  the  Farm  and  Gar- 
den, by  Josepb. 

Pa^e  ''  —Seeding  wheat,  by  JoZin  M.  Stahl.  Gardening 
"       '         in  Florida,  by  \V.  C.  «. 

Page  3.-N0  Excellence  without  Labor.  Preserving 
Melons  auil  Squashes.  Coal  Tar  in  the 
Garden. 

Page  4.— Fruits  for  Farmers,  by  Samuel  C.  Moon.  Or- 
chard Insecis,  by  Eli  Minch. 

Paee  5.— The  Be.st  Location  i'or  an  Apple  Orchard,  by 
L  H.  Bailey,  Jr. 

Page  6.— Our  Flower  Garden. 

Page   7.— Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 

Page  8.— Live  Stock. 

Page  9.— HatchinE  Chicks  every  month,  by  P.  H.  Jacobs, 

Hammonton,  N.  J.    Moulting  in  Fall. 
Page  m— Working  Dress  for  Women.    The  Farm  and 

Garden  Recipes. 
Page  II.— Odds  and  Ends. 
Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 
Page  13.— Clippings. 
Page  14.— Correspondence. 
Page  l.'i.— Autumn  Leaves. 
Page  16.— Publisher's  Department. 


eDITOI^IALi    (sOMMENT. 


By  a  special  arrangement  with  the  puhlishers 
of  the  Home  and  Farm  we  are  enabled  to  ofler  it 
with  The  Farm  and  Garden  for  the  low  price 
of  75  cents.  It  is  a  semi-monthly  paper,  and 
very  ably  edited.     Try  it  for  the  year. 


September.  The  growing  season  is  now  nearly 
over,  but  our  work  is  not.  Hours  of  study,  of 
intelligent  thinking  over  the  problems  of  agri- 
culture, and  pearls  of  sweat  were  the  price  which 
we  had  to  pay  for  success  in  the  producing  part 
of  our  business,  and  it  were  folly  to  expect  that 
the  preservation  and  safe  keeping  of  the  crops, 
once  grown,  could  be  obtained  as  a  free  gift,  and 
without  effort,  care,  and  perseverance  on  our 
part.  As  long  as  the  crops  are  in  the  farmer's 
hands  they  are  like  water  in  a  sieve. 

Woodeliueks  (Ground  Hogs)  eat  up  the  still 
standing  or  shocked  corn  in  the  field,  rats,  mice, 
and  other  vermin  make  havoc  in  your  grain 
mows  and  granaries,  rain  water  leaks  through 
your  stacks,  early  frost  threatens  to  damage  your 
corn  and  garden  vegetables,  all  these  and  many 
other  things  claim  a  large  percentage  of  your  crops, 
and  should  receive  your  careful  consideration. 

Hay  is  not  so  very  plenty,  and  the  farmer  will 
do  well  to  save  all  his  fodder  in  the  best  possible 
shape.  Cut  your  corn  as  soon  as  the  stalks  com- 
mence to  turn  yellow,  when  the  grain  is  just 
ready  to  glaze,  rather  than  wait  until  the  crop  is 
dead'  ripe.  Get  ready  for  "Jack  Frost"  as 
quickly  as  possible,  "iou  know  he  hardly  ever 
defers  his  visits,  ut  least  in  the  Northern  States, 
until  October.  Be  ready  so  you  can  receive  him 
smilingly. 

Recognizing  that  your  crops  generally  lose  in 
value  every  day  that  they  are  unsold  on  your 
hands,  let  it  be'  your  first  aim  to  convert  them 
into  nice  crisp  greenbacks  at  your  earliest  opiior. 
tunity  ;  sell  when  a  fair  price  is  offering.  Pay 
your'debts  at  once,  so  make  everybody  around 
you  happy,  and  do  not  forget  to  spend  a  part  of 
your  surplus  in  improving  your  farm  and  home. 
Remember  your  hard-working  wife,  and  the 
necessity  of  making  home  attractive  for  your 
children.  

In  order  to  know  how  profitable  the  farm  is,  it 
is  necessary  to  know  what  it  costs  to  raise  every 
bushel  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  or  other  produce 
raised  on  the  farm.  He  should  know  how  many 
pounds  of  feed  it  takes  to  fatten  the  stock  for 
market.  It  he  knows  what  it  costs  him  to  raise 
every  bushel  of  feed,  and  then  knows  how  much 
he  has  fed,  and  knowing  what  the  stock  cost 
him  before  he  commenced  to  feed  or  fatten,  and 
he  knows  what  he  has  received;  he  can  then  tell 
how  much  he  has  made.  You  say  it  is  some 
trouble.  So  it  is;  but  it  is  some  trouble  to  do 
business  in  a  business-like  way,  the  best  we  can 
do. 

Tlie  manufacturer  knows  how  much  iron  and 
what  it  costs,  how  much  wood  and  what  it  costs, 
how  much  paint  and  what  it  costs,  and  how  much 
labor  and  what  it  costs  for  every  wagon  or  farm 
implement  that  he  makes.  If  he  did  not  he 
would  be  uncertain  as  to  what  price  he  should 
ask  and  how   muclt   profit  he  is  making. 

The  successful  merchant  knows  what  every 
article  he  keeps  to  sell  costs  him  ;  he  knows  the 
am  iiiiit  of  freight  it  costs  him  to  bring  it  to  the 
store ;  he  knows  what  his  exijenses  for  clerk 
hire,  for  insurance,  and  how  much  to  allow  for 
shrinkage,  and  when  he  sells  he  knows  just  how 
mucli  profit  he  has  made.     At  the  present  time  a 


manufacturing  or  mercantile  business  carried  on 
after  any  other  plan  would  break  up  the  richest 
business  men. 

Can  farmers  who  are  wide  awake  and  who 
farm  not  only  for  pleasure  but  for  profit,  afford 
to  follow  any  other  plan?  A  careless  farmer 
who  farms  on  a  small  scale,  and  who  raises  all  he 
wants  to  eat  and  wear  and  who  is  not  obliged  to 
know  whether  he  is  making  anything  more  than 
a  living  or  not,  as  that  is  all  he  expects  to  make, 
is  generally  satisfied,  whether  his  living  is 
good  or  bad.  But  the  farmer  who  wants  to  make 
all  he  can  ;  who  must  know  what  pays  him  best, 
must  know  what  things  cost  before  he  can  ex- 
pect to  know  anything  about  the  profits. 

The  different  branches  of  farming,  as  now  car. 
ried  on  successfully,  require  as  much  energy  and 
business  tact  as  any  other  line  of  business,  and 
in  order  to  make  a  success,  as  should  be  done,  a 
knowledge  of  what  it  costs  to  raise  different  crops 
is  very  essential.  To  each  farmer  this  must,  to  a 
considerable  extent,  be  a  separate  matter.  One 
farmer  can  with  his  soil  and  implements  at  one 
price,  while  another  with  different  soil  and  treat- 
ment the  cost  would  be  greater  or  less  as  the  case 
mav  be,  so  that  each  farmer  must  keep  a  correct 
account,  and  know  for  himself  just  what  it  costs 
him  to  raise  the  different  products  of  the  farm, 
and  the  best  and  most  profitable  manner  of  dis- 
posing of  them.   

A  good  rotation.  Southern  farmers  grow  the 
greater  part  of  their  wheat  on  corn  stubbs.  As 
soon  as  the  corn  is  fit  to  cut,  strips  six  or  eight 
rows  wide  are  cut  through  the  field  at  a  distance 
of  about  sixty  feet  from'  each  other.  These  are 
entirely  cleared  from  the  stalks,  thoroughly  har- 
rowed, and  drilled  in  wheat.  The  whole  crop  is 
then  sliocked  upon  these  strips,  and  the  rest  of 
the  field  prepared  and  sown  in  a  like  manner; 
200  or  .SOO  pounds  of  phosphate  are  usually 
applied  per  acre. 

We  recommend  this  practice  to  farmers  in  all 
sections  where  corn  ripens  before  wheat  sowing 
time.  The  removal  of  the  corn  crops  upon  these 
strips  involves  a  little  additional  labor  in  bar- 
v»Rting,  but  think  of  the  easy  preparation  of 
your  field  for  the  wheat  crop,  and  of  tlie  land 
rendered  clean  in  consequence  of  the  destruction 
of  the  weeds  in  autumn.  Where  corn  does  not 
mature  much  before  October,  good  results  will 
follow  the  practice  of  harrowing  and  sowing  to 
rye,  which  should  be  done  just  as  soon  as  the 
crop  can  be  removed  from  the  field.  Treat  potato 
fields  the  same  way.  Rye  may  be  utilized  in 
various  ways,  and  grown  for  the  hay  and  straw, 
for  early  pasture,  or  for  green  manuring,  and  is 
a  most  profitable  cropping  way. 


they  can  feed,  it  is  better  to  sell  them  at  some 
price  ratlier  tlian  have  them  spoil  on  their 
hands. 

Our  common  farm  land  is  worth  $100  per  acre, 
and  with  the  application  of  .$12  wortli  of  special 
potato  fertilizer,  a  good  farmer  should  not  raise 
less  than  200  busliels  per  acre.  •■?40,  that  is  20 
cents  a  bushel,  will  pay  for  all  the  labor  and 
expense,  including  seed,  nianurc,  interest  on 
land,  and  marketing,  and  when  sold  for  40  cents, 
leave  a  net  profit  of  5^40  an  acre.  What  other 
crop  could  do  that,  one  year  with  another? 


Digging  (Kitatoes  by  hand  we  consider  to  be 
about  as  liard  and  tedious  labor  as  there  is  con- 
nected with  the  farm.  We  should  rejoice  in 
finding  a  digger  that  will  do  the  work  well  on  all 
sorts  of  soils.  For  well  cultivated,  mellow  soils, 
free  from  stones  and  weeds,  where  hand-digging 
is  comparatively  easy,  we  might  get  along 
without  the  implements,  and  where  wanted  most 
for  stiff,  stonv,  and  weedy,  or  rough  land,  tlie 
digger  is  a  failure. 


If  you  can  get  a  fair  price  for  your  potato  crop 
at  digging  time,  sell  them  direetly  from  the  field. 
The  potatoes  then  are  sound  and  heavy,  and 
the  advised  method  avoids  all  loss  ami  much 
handling  over.  At  this  writing  we  expect  and 
hope  for  a  fair  crop  and  paying  prices. 

Men  who  are  looked  upon  as  authorities  in 
such  matters  are  sometimes  guilty  of  thoughtless 
remarks,  which,  being  taken  as  genuine  truth, 
often  work  mischief.  In  early  spring,  when 
potatoes  could  hardly  find  a  market  at  any  price, 
Dr.  Hoskins  inflicted  upon  the  readers  of  the 
Rural  New  Yorker  the  statement  that  "  the  far- 
mer could  not  afford  to  sell  them  off  the  farm  for 
less  than  forty  cents,  and  at  little  profit  at  that, 
all  things  considered."  The  doctor  probably 
knows  that  the  tuber  contains  from  2  to  2.'-^  per 
centum  of  albumen,  and  from  16  to  23  of  starch, 
varying  according  to  quality,  a  total  of  18  to 
25.^  per  centum,  while  corn  has  \S.^  per  centum 
albumen,  and  7"."  starch,  etc.,  or  91.''  poumls  of 
sohd  nutriments  in  every  100  pounds.  When 
corn  is  worth  60  cents  a  bushel,  all  the  nutriment 
contained  in  60  pounds  of  potatoes  varies  in 
value  but  from  12  to  1.5  cents. 

While  we  admit  that  the  dige-stive  machinery 
of  farm  stock  utilizes  a  larger  percentage  of  the 
nutritive  solids  in  succulents  tlian  in  concen- 
trated foods,  vet  we  cannot  put  the  average  feed- 
ing value  of'one  bushel  of  potatoes  at  much,  if 
any,  above  1.5  cents.  We  would  sooner  sell  our 
potatoes  for  20  cents,  if  we  could  not  get  more, 
than  our  corn  for  60  cents  per  60  pounds,  and 
where  farmers  grow  potatoes  largely,  more  than 


The  Farm  and  Garden  has  very  decided 
views  on  politics,  and  is  not  afraid  to  express 
them.  It  holds  that  the  farmer  should  not  belong 
to  political  rings,  nor  to  the  wire-palling  frater- 
nity in  general,  nor  run  his  legs  off  and  neglect 
his  work  for  the  nomination  to  any  office.  Yet, 
farmers  should  organize,  always  be  present  at 
their  party  caucus,  break  down  the  corrupt  rings, 
and  try  to  nominate  worthy  candidates;  also, 
other  things  being  equal,  they  should  give  a  good, 
substantial  farmer  the  preference.  The  best  men 
in  the  community  generally  go  to  the  polls  to  eat 
the  mess  that  rogues  have  cooked  up  for  them. 

In  presidential  campaigns  it  has  become  the 
habit  of  the  party  machinists  to  supply  the  en- 
thusiasm there  may  be  lacking,  through  picnics, 
and  pole  raisings,  and  torch  light  processions,  and 
to  fire  up  the  wavering  faith  with  sky. rockets  and 
bad  whisky.  Certainly  it  is  everybody's  duty, 
which  he  owes  to  his  country  and  to  posterity,  to 
try  to  learn  which  one  of  the  great  political  par- 
ties claiming  his  support  in  the  coming  struggle, 
is  most  deserving  it.  Such  information  cannot 
be  had  by  listening  to  stump  speeches,  which  are 
generallv  made  up  of  concentrated  lies  and  soft 
soap,  ai'id  are  an  insult  to  your  intelligence. 
Avoid  such  gatherings,  as  they  involve  a  waste 
of  time,  money,  and  energy  which  can  be  better 
spent  in  securing  your  crops  before  the  approach- 
ing winter.  

The  above  are  the  political  views  of  the  Farm 
and  Garden,  widely  expressed.  It  is  partisan 
only  as  on  organ  of  the  great  party  of  Amerioaii 
husbandmen,  and  knoivs  nothing  about  Republi- 
cans or  Democrats.  We  have  our  personal  views, 
but  we  consider  them  our  own  individual  property, 
and  decline  to  part  with  them  in  this  journal  for 
love  ormoney.  Study  both  sidesof  the  question, 
read  papers  of  all  party  colors,  and  decide 
intelligently.        

This  time  it  was  Mr.  Woodchuck  who,  though 
neither  invited  nor  made  welcome,  eame  to  visit 
our  garden.  We  did  not  find  very  much  fault  with 
him  as  long  as  he  had  shown  his  good  taste  by 
feasting  on  the  rankest  clover  in  the  meadow, 
but  when  he  began  to  investigate  our  abilities  as 
a  gardener,  and  the  tenderness  of  young  squash 
shoots,  and  Ivory  Pod  wax  beans,  we  thought  him 
a  little  out  of  his  proper  place.  Seeing  him  run 
to  his  burrow  near  a  rail  fence,  where  he  could 
not  be  dug  out  very  handily,  we  dugup  the  main 
entrance  as  far  as  practicable,  and  placed  a  half- 
jxiund  dynamite  cartridge,  properly  adjusted 
with  cap  and  long  fuse,  as  far  in  the  hole  as  we 
could  reach,  stopped  up  all  the  openings  I  could 
find,  and  lighted  the  fuse.  He  never  was  seen 
outside  of  that  burrow  again.  Cost  of  material, 
about  fifteen  cents,  and  sure  pop  every  time. 


As  soon  as  your  hens  stop  laying,  sell  them. 
Prices  are  better  early  than  they  will  be  later. 
Your  hens  will  not  lav  again  tliis  spring,  and  if 
you  keep  them  much  longer  they  will  require  a 
'new  coat,  which  is  expensive.  Save  your  feed 
and  sell  them.  In  regard  to  spring  chickens  we 
think  that  ten  cents  a  pound  for  three  pounds 
each  is  better  than  six  or  seven  cents  for  four 
pounds  each.     Sell  early. 

Sell  as  soon  as  you  can  get  a  "fair  price"  is 
the  favorite  advice  of  writers,  and  we  indulge  in 
it  occasionally.  But  what  is  a  fair  price  ?  Forty 
cents  a  bushel  for  ))otatoes  may  be  considered  a 
fair  price  in  one  season,  and  a  low  one  in  the 
next.  The  farmer  should  not  be  a  speculator, 
that  is,  only  in  a  limited  sense,  but  he  certainly 
needs  good  judgment. 


Philadelphia  seedsmen  are  the  most  cnterpris- 
ini'  in  the  world,  and  we  are  proud  to  note  that 
Mr.  W.  Atlee  Burpee,  of  W.  .\tlee  Burpee  &  Co., 
and  Mr.  Herbert  W.  Johnson,  of  Johnson  & 
Stokes,  have  both  been  successful  in  their  Euro- 
pean tours.  The  new  vegetables  and  flowers  of 
the  old  countries  have  been  investigated  and  ex- 
amined, and  next  sea.son  will  show  what  lias 
been  brought  back  by  these  energetic  young 
men. 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


13 


Clippings. 

Jl  U  our  desire  to  make  thfse  so  full  and  varied  that  every 
reader  of  The  Fabm  and  Garden,  even  though  he  takes 
no  other  paper  ran  feel  in  a  measure  acquainted  with  alt 
Ihe  leading  publications. 


JVom  ''  PouUry   World,"  Hartford,  Ct. 

A  POINT  IK  INCUBATION. 
In  pulling  thH  ej^gs  in  the  drawer,  put  the  large  end  up. 
I^y  the  thermometer  on  the  eggs,  tbe  bulb  lying  be- 
tween and  touching  the  eggs.  Have  the  other  end  of  the 
thermometer  a  liule  the  highest.  Let  me  impress  on 
you  the  imporiance  of  keeping  the  thermometer  ou  the 
■eggs,  and  the  egg  that  the  thermometer  touches  must  be 
fertile.  You  want  to  get  the  heat  of  the  fertile  eggs,  and 
mot  of  the  egg  chamber.  The  difference  between  a  ther- 
mometer lying  on  the  eggs,  but  the  bulb  not  touching  a 
fertile  one.  and  one  where  the  bulb  does  touch  a  fertile 
egg,  is  several  degrees  and  ri*,'ht  here,  Is,  I  think,  the 
cause  of  a  good  many  failures  with  incubators. 


castor  oil  bean  (Ricinus  Communis  or  Palma  Chrlati)  is 
sufflcienc  to  clear  any  garden  of  an  acre  or  less,  for  the 
season.if  properly  dropped  in  their  runs,  which  Is  simply 
to  thrust  the  forednger  into  the  mole  hill,  and  then  drop 
a  bean  there,  which  he  will  be  sure  to  eat  next  time  he 
comes  along;  at  the  same  time  covering  up  the  hole 
made  by  the  finger,  with  a  bit  of  earth,  chip,  stone  or 
clod,  so  as  to  make  the  run  tight  as  before,  and  keep  out 
the  light.  This  plan  I  have  found  effectual  in  all  gardens 
where  1  have  tried  it.  It  is  not  quite  so  satisfactory  in 
grass  lands,  because  it  is  often  hard  to  find  all  their  runs 
in  the  grass.  Also,  in  planting  corn  in  fields  where  this 
pest  abounds,  if  a  seed  be  dropped  occasionally  in  the 
hill  along  with  the  corn,  the  mole  will  eat  the  bean  in 
preference  to  the  corn,  and  as  sure  as  he  eats  it  that  is 
the  last  of  him.  If  this  plan  be  adopted  when  the  moles 
first  begin  to  run,  which  is  generally  after  the  garden  is 
made  and  nicely  planted,  they  are  easily  got  rid  of,  and 
no  trap  of  any  kind  need  ever  be  introduced  into  the 
garden.    This  saves  much  time,  labor  and  annoyance. 


J!Yom  "Iowa  Homestead,"  Df.%  Mohiex.  Iowa. 

We  noticed  a  farmer,  a  few  days  ago,  loading  two 
large  brood  sows  in  a  wagon.  He  had  no  shute.  and 
ihey  had  to  be  lifted  in  by  main  force.  The  yard  was 
full  of  other  sows  with  young  litters.  And  yet  with  some 
help  he  did  it  without  a  squeal  or  the  least  excitement 
In  the  yard.  An  ordinary  man  would  have  caught  them 
and  lifted  them  in,  and  every  mother  would  have  been 
«xciled,  and  perhaps  a  half  dozen  sucklings  trampled  to 
death  in  the  melee.  Instead  he  coaxed  them  into  a  box- 
etall.  then  placed  a  large  crate  In  the  door,  to  which  they 
went  readily,  and  then  lifted  the  crate  with  some  help, 
and  emptied  them  Into  the  wagon,  where  they  lay  down 
as  quift  and  contented  as  if  under  their  favorite  tree  In 
the  pasture 


Fr&m  "  Western  Plmmnan,"  Molinr,  III. 

Suppose  you  pay  ?1  W  per  day  for  help,  and  a  good 
shovel  costs  an  equal  amount;  but  you  retain  the  old  one 
because  you  think  It  too  good  to  throw  away,  although 
the  man  in  only  capable  of  doing  three-fourths  of  a  day's 
-work  with  it.  How  much  have  you  made  in  ten  days  by 
the  saving?  Suppose  a  new  lioe  costs  sixty  cents,  .lel 
you  put  the  same  man  to  work  with  the  old  one  with 
jphich  he  can  do  three-fourth  of  a  day's  work.  How 
piuch  have  you  saved  in  ten  days?  An  old  rusty  hoe 
*,viU  quite  frequently'  cause  a  difTerence  of  a  fourth  of  our 
labor.  There  Is  no  rule  of  labor  or  economy  abo\it  a 
!arm  that  pays  so  large  a  per  cent,  on  the  investment  as 
Jliat  of  taking  care  of,  and  keeping  In  order  the  tools  we 
york  with.  A  few  minutes  will  suffice  to  clean  off  a  hoe 
then  we  put  It  cside,  and  Instead  of  getting  heavy  with 
dist  ,and  accumulated  earth,  it  will  get  brighter  and 
»righter  with  constant  use,  and  be  a  pleasure  to  handle 
iistead  of  an  extra  burden  and  hindrance.  This  is  a 
(trong  argument  in  favor  of  good  Implements. 


Vrom"  Canadian  IlorlifulturUt."  .St.  Catherines,  Onf. 
EXPERIMENTS  WITH  CELERY. 
One  of  the  most  popular,  perhaps,  with  the  exception 
of  lettuce,  the  most  popular  of  salad  plants,  is  celery.  It 
b  not  many  years  ago  when  celery-growing  was  one  of 
the  mysteries  of  gardening,  so  far  as  current  opinion 
went,  and  the  carefully-grown  plantings  were  trans- 
ferred to  deep  trenches  at  the  bottom  of  which  much 
manure  had  been  spaded,  while  a  laborious  process  of 
earthing  up  was  successively  pursued.  Market  gar- 
deners, however,  who  are  usually  the  first  to  iniroduco 
new  processes  of  growmg,  on  account  of  the  compeliti»jii 
they  have  to  meet,  found  that  the  celery  grown  upon  the 
surface  and  earthed  up  once  for  all  at  the  latter  part 
of  the  season,  furnished  profitable  results,  and  this 
latter  method  seems  now  mainly  the  one  pursued  ibr 
commercial  purposes.  In  the  private  garden,  however 
the  trenching  is  in  many  cases  continued,  and  it,  there 
fore,  seenieed  to  us  desirable  to  know  Hie  conipaia- 
tive  merits  of  these  two  methods,  for  if  surface  planting 
is  equal  in  Its  product  to  the  trench  planting,  it  is  far  to 
be  preferred  ou  account  of  the  less  labor  involved. 


Piom  "  Poultry  Keeper,"  Chicago,  PI. 

"WHY  THEY  DIE  IN  THE  SHELL. 
From  the  investigations  we  have  made,  and  with  the 
co-operation  of  those  who  are  operating  Incubators,  we 
have  become  inclined  to  the  opinion  that  one  of  the 
difficulties  of  artificial  hatching  is  that  tht  temperature 
is  kept  too  high  about  the  nineteenth  or  twentieth  day. 
Some  of  the  best  results  have  been  secured  wher  the 
heat  was  maintained  at  lOiO  and  even  at  106°  at  time  of 
hatching,  but  later  trials  show  that  at  the  start  the  heat 
should  be  rather  high,  about  105o,  and  then  allowed 
gradually  to  reduce  to  102^.  When  the  heat  Is  high,  the 
moisture  should  be  supplied  plentifully, -w  the  greater 
the  temperature  the  more  moisture  required  to  saturate 
the  air  in  the  egg  drawer.  Should  the  heat  be  high  about 
the  time  of  hatching,  a  fever  is  created,  and  the  chick 
becomes  exhausted  by  reason  of  the  heat,  the  lack  of 
oxygen,  and  insufficient  moisture.  Too  much  or  too 
little  heat  causes  the  chicks  to  come  out  weak,  and  as 
the  chick  lor  the  first  ten  days  is  not  easily  killed,  either 
by  high  heat  or  other  causes,  after  the  second  week  the 
moisture  must  be  amply  provided,  the  eggs  cooled  well 
every  day.  the  heat  kept  at  102O,  and  the  turning  done 
promptly  twice  a  day. 


second.  The  winner  had,  previous  to  the  race,  been 
tried  at  two  miles  with  a  couple  of  thoroughbreds  that 
ranked  but  little  above  selling  platers,  and  they  beat 
him  nearly  half  a  mile.  This  race  shows  conclusively 
that  the  much-vaunted  speed  of  the  Arab  exists  only  in 
the  imagination  of  people  whose  enthusiasm  ran  away 
with  their  judgment,  and  that  however  valuable  he  may 
be  for  saddle  and  work  purposes,  he  is  not  a  race  horse 
In  the  sense  that  the  word  is  now  used. 


From  "American  AgriciUturist."  New  Ymk. 

I  admit  for  argument  sake  that  even  the  cur  has  his 
legitimate  uses  on  the  farm,  and  It  Ls  not  quite  the  Itiir 
thing  to  exterminate  him  because  he  is  the  greatest  hin- 
drance to  sheep  raising.  The  most  devoted  dog  fancier 
and  breeder  of  pups,  must  admit  that  he  is  a  dangerous 
animal  to  have  around,  and  that  the  owner  of  a  dog,  of 
whatever  degree,  ought  to  guard  the  public  against  the 
evils  of  bis  running  at  large,  and  be  held  to  strict  respon- 
sibility for  the  damages  to  his  neighbor.  In  many  ways 
the  dog  is  a  heavy  tax  to  his  owner,  and  a  terrible  nuis- 
ance in  the  community.  Every  farmer  having  room  for 
sheep,  and  wishing  to  raise  them,  wants  legislation 
against  dogs  before  embarking  In  this  business.  Statis- 
tics show  in  part  the  thousands  and  tens  of  thousanc's  of 
sheep  killed  by  dogs  in  every  wool-growing  State,  but 
cannot  show  the  loss  to  this  industry,  because  of  the  mul- 
titude of  farmers  who  fear  to  raise  sheep  on  account  of 
this  annual  slaughter.  It  is  one  of  the  most  profitable 
and  helpful  branches  of  agriculture  in  all  the  older 
States.  Supplying  lambs  and  sheep  to  butchers  pays 
abundantly,  and  wool  is  a  good  crop  to  raise  at  long  dis- 
tances from  market.  There  is  nothing  like  sheep  to 
keep  down  brush  and  briars,  and  to  improve  the  quan- 
tity and  quality  of  the  grasses.  Many  farms  now  grow- 
ing to  brush  in  all  the  Eastern  States,  might  be  made 
profitable  If  only  the  dogs  were  out  of  the  way. 


From  "Ptyultry  Kreper,"  Chicago,  III. 

A  SECOND  INCUBATOR  TRIAL. 
We  lately  gave  the  experience  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Craig, 
Caldwell,  Wis.,  with  his  incubator,  and  we  now  present 
a  statement  of  the  second  trial  made  by  him,  written  toi 
the  Sentinel,  MilwauKee.ir.  which  he  says:  'I  set  it  with 
200  eggs,  or  100  White  Leghorn  and  100  Brown  Leghorn 
eggs.  After  ten  days  I  applied  an  egg  tester  and  found 
seventeen  Brown  and  fifteen  White  not  fertile.  This 
left  eighty-three  and  eighty-five  respectively.  From 
the  eighty-three  Browns  I  hatched  seventy-five  chicks, 
all  but  four  of  which  are  now  in  fine  promise.  The 
eighty-five  Whites  gave  thirty -two  chicks.  I  cannot 
account  for  the  difference  in  hatching  unless  my  treat- 
ment of  the  Whiles  gives  the  reason,  which  was  that 
some  little  complaint  had  come  to  me  that  the  shells  oi 
this  variety  were  quite  tender.  To  obviate  this,  I  fed 
heavily  on  shell-producing  food  and  the  chicks  could 
not  break  their  shells.  Fifty  of  these  eggs  were  filled 
with  matured  chicks,  but  they  could  not  get  out.  This 
partial  failure  requires  some  experimenting  for  the 
future,  which  my  next  trial  may  prove.  Some  writers 
or  experts  claim  such  failures  due  to  the  toughness  oj 
the  shell  caused  by  too  much  wetting ;  others  say  failure 
Is  due  to  the  eggs  being  kept  too  dry.  I  shall  try  both 
next  time,  and  also  a  little  scheme  of  my  own.  I  might 
mention  a  little  trial  of  seven  eggs  of  the  Partridge 
Cochin  variety,  whicn  were  tested  between  trial  No.  1 
and  No.  2.  After  No.  1  had  been  set  ten  days,  seven 
eggs  were  put  in  to  experiment  on.  These  were  taken 
out  and  handled  three  limes  a  day,  and,  when  replaced, 
were  put  m  another  part  of  the  Incubator  After  No.  1 
ha<l  been  cleared,  and  No.  2  was  nicely  under  way,  seven 
chicks  hatched  and  are  doing  nicely.  Here  again  Is  a 
contradiction.  Writers  tell  us  we  must  not  handle  the 
eggs  very  much,  as  an  oily  substance  from  the  hands 
will  fill  the  pores  of  the  egg  shell,  and  prevent  air  from 
keeping  life  Inside.  Now,  for  one,  I  do  not  believe 
handling  eggs  will  hurt  them,  for  certainly,  if  it  did, 
these  seven  could  not  have  stood  the  severe  lest  given 
them.  If  this  incubator  business  is  not  getting  stale.  I 
will  report  my  next  experiment.  The  oil  for  experi- 
ment No.  2  cost  sixty-five  cents.  In  a  former  communi- 
cation I  staled  that  I  would  make  a  new  machine  to 
hold  1200  eggs,  but  as  I  could  not  supply  the  demand 
and  have  to  spare,  I  concluded  to  wait  until  next  spring. 


From  "  Gardeners'  Monthly,"  Philadelphia. 

HOW  TO  GET  RID  OF  MOLES. 

The  ground  mole  has  been  for  a  long  lime  a  constant 
source  of  annoyance  to  gardeners  and  farmei-s.  and  the 
question  has  often  been  asked,  ■  is  there  no  way  of  get- 
ting rid  of  this  pest  without  the  tedious  process  of  trap- 
ping it?"  Which  at  best  is  only  a  partial  relief.  To 
this  question  I  answer,  yes.  The  remedy  I  have  known 
for  many  years,  and  I  wish  to  give  the  public  the  benefit 
of  it  throuirh  the  columns  of  the  Gardener's  Mmtthly. 
Like  everythine  else  that  is  given  i;  rat  is.  perhaps  some 
will  be  found  to  den v  or  contradii-t  the  good  effect  of  i  his 
remedv,  but  I  challence  contradiction  and  demand  a 
fair  test  from  the  public.    One  pint  of  the  seed  of  the 


From^BreetUrs  Gazette,"  Chicago,  HI. 
THE  ARAB  HORSE. 
For  a  number  of  years  the  belief  has  been  prevalent 
among  people  who  have  given  the  matter  of  breeding 
race-horses  but  cursory  attention,  that  the  Arab  horse 
was  nearly,  if  not  quite,  the  equal  in  point  of  speed  of 
the  thoroughbred  runner,  and  Ihey  have  always  main- 
tained in  the  most  dogmatic  manner  that  when  it  came 
so  the  question  of  endurance  the  "  fleet  footed  courser  of 
the  desert,"  as  the  novelist  delights  to  call  the  Arab,  was 
far  and  away  the  superior  of  any  other  member  of  the 
equine  family.  As  a  matter  of  fact  there  has  been  a 
vast  amount  of  nonsense  written  about  the  Arab.  The 
late  A.  Keene  Richards,  of  Kentucky,  tested  the  matter 
in  the  most  thorough  manner,  making  several  trips  to 
the  Arabian  deserts  and  paying  long  prices  for  the  best 
specimens  of  the  breed  that  money  could  purchase.  The 
stallions  thus  secured  were  mated  with  thoroughbred 
mares,  and  the  mares  bred  to  thoroughbred  stallions. 
The  costly  experiments  made  by  Mr.  Richards  were 
total  failures.  In  England  a  Mr.  Blunt  has  long  held 
views  similar  to  those  of  Mr.  Richards,  and  he  too  spent 
money  freely  In  testing  the  theories  which  on  their  face 
seemed  so  plausible.  Finally  he  induced  ihe  stewards 
of  the  Newmarket  meeting  to  arrange  a  stake  for  Arab 
horses,  and  the  same  was  run  not  long  ago,  the  distance 
being  two  miles.  There  were  eight  starters,  the  winner 
being  a  three-year  old  that  carried  108  pounds:  an  aged 
horse  that  had  won  a  number  of  races  In  India  being 


From  "  Ttie  Drugman." 

POISONOUS  PLANTS  AND  FLOWERS. 

There  are  many  plants  whose  leaves,  flowers,  and 
seeds  contain  virulent  poisons,  which  every  one  should 
know,  so  as  to  avoid  them  and  keep  children  from  them. 

Buttercups  possess  a  poisonous  property,  which  disap- 
pears when  the  flowers  are  dried  in  hay;  no  cow  will 
feed  upon  them  while  In  blossom.  So  caustic  are  the 
petals  that  they  will  sometimes  inflame  the  skin  of  len- 
der fingers.  Every  child  should  he  cautioned  against 
eating  them  :  Indeed,  it  is  desirable  to  caution  children 
against  tasting  the  petals  of  any  flowers,  or  putting 
leaves  Into  their  mouth,  except  those  known  to  be 
harmless. 

Theoleander  contains  a  deadly  poison  in  ils  leaves  and 
flowers,  and  is  said  to  be  a  dangerous  plant  for  the  parlor 
or  dining  room.  The  flowers  and  berries  of  the  wild 
bryony  possess  a  powerful  purgative  ;  and  red  berries, 
which  attract  children,  have  proved  fatal.  The  seed  of 
the  laburnum  and  catalpa  tree  should  be  kept  from 
children,  and  there  is  a  poisonous  property  in  their  bark. 
The  seeds  of  the  yellow  and  the  rough-podded  vetches 
vfill  produce  nausea  and  severe  headache. 

Fool's  parsley  has  tuberous  roots,  which  have  been 
mistaken  for  turnips,  and  produced  a  fatal  efffect  an  hour 
at^er  they  were  eaten. 

Meadow  hemlock  is  said  to  be  the  hemlock  which 
Socrates  drank;  it  kills  by  its  intense  action  on  the 
nerves,  producing  insensibility  and  palsy  of  the  arms 
and  legs,  and  Is  a  most  dangerous  drug  except  in  skillful 
hands.  In  August  it  Is  found  in  every  field,  by  the  sea 
shore  and  near  mountain  tops,  in  full  bloom,  and  ladiea 
and  children  gather  ila  large  clusters  of  tiny  white 
flowers  in  quantities,  without  the  least  idea  of  their 
poisonous  qualities.  The  water  hemlock,  or  cow  bane, 
resembles  parsnips,  and  has  been  eaten  for  them  with 
deadly  effects. 

The  water  dropwort  resembles  celery  when  not  in 
flower,  and  its  roots  are  also  similar  to  those  of  the 
parsnip,  but  they  contain  a  virulent  poison,  producing 
convulsions,  which  end  in  death  in  a  short  time.  The 
fine-leaved  water  dropwort  and  the  common  dropwort 
are  also  dangerous  weeds. 

The  bulbsof  the  dafTodilB  were  once  mistaken  for  leeka 
'and  boiled  in  soup,  with  very  di.-astmns  effects,  making 
the  whole  household  Intensely  nauseated,  and  the  chil- 
dren did  not  recover  from  their  effects  for  several  daya. 


14 


THE    FARM   AND    GARl  fiN. 


@OI^I^BSPOHDENGB. 

When  a  man  does  not  stand  up  for  himself  and 
his  vocation  he  need  not  think  any  one  else  will 
stand  up  for  him.  I  am  one  of  those  farmers 
who  read,  especially  wliat  1  can  borrow  or  what 
does  not  cost  me  anything,  and  I  sometimes  talk 
hard  about  agricultural  writers.  It  seems  as 
though  they  thojght  that  everybody  had  nice 
smooth  land  to  work.  I  never  in  my  life  read  an 
article  that  told  how  to  work  sucli  land  as  I  am 
compelled  to  work  to  get  a  living.  On  my  hard 
cobble-stone  land,  I  can  liardly  find  gravel  and 
dirt  enougli  to  cover  corn  and  potatoes,  and  wlien 
I  take  up  a  paper  and  reatl  how  many  acres  a 
team  can  can  plough  in  a  day,  and  about  clod- 
crushers  and  levelers,  I  am  provoked.  Why  my 
friends  of  the  pen,  just  come  where  I  live  and 
make  me  a  visit,  and  wliile  you  are  here  I  will 
give  yon  a  treat.  I  will  have  John  yoke  up  the 
old  mullies  and  we  will  go  out  and  plough,  and 
all  that  you  plough  more  than  half  an  acre  a  day, 
1  will  agree  to  pay  you  haTidsomely  for.  If  your 
friends  could  look  over  the  stone  wall  and  see 
your  liead  bob,  bob,  bob,  they  would  think  you 
were  running  for  office,  and  trying  to  make 
friends  with  everybody  so  as  to  get  their  vote. 
Somebody  please  give  us  wlio  are  pt-or  in  every 
sense  of  the  word,  mind  and  farm,  a  piece  in 
your  paper  that  will  just  hit  us. 

J.  J.  R. 
>{•  Hannibal,  N.  T. 

Henry  Hink,  of  Wood  Park,  Louisiana,  asks 
how  to  kill  ants.  Equal  parts  of  white  arsenic 
and  sugar,  well  mi.xed,  will  poison  ants  by  the 
tliousand,  but  is  a  dangerous  poison.  Weak 
carbolic  acid  will  drive  tliem  awav. 
+ 

F.  L.  B.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.:  1.  Does  it  in 
any  way  injure  eggs,  i.  e.,  as  far  as  hatching  them 
is  concerned,  to  be  transported  l)y  rail  to  any  dis- 
tance whatever?  2.  Wliich  is  the  best  food  for 
young  cliicks ;  soft  food  like  corn  meal  and 
soaked  liread,  etc.,  or  hard  food,  as  fine  cracked 
corn  and  cracked  wlieat?  Answer. — 1.  If  eggs 
are  jarred  or  shaken  with  any  violence  so  as  to 
break  or  loosen  the  yolk,  thev  will  not  hatch. 
Otherwise,  rail  transpoitation  (5oes  not  injure  the 
hatcliing  ot  tlie  eggs.  2.  We  liave  found  opini()n 
widely  differing  on  the  subject.  Our  belief  is 
that  if  the  leavings  of  soft  food  are  cleared  up, 
and  not  allowed  to  ferment,  it  is  tlie  best.  It  is 
liable  to  produce  disease  when  spoiled  by  being 
left  in  the  rain  and  on  the  ground. 
+ 
Zlniriiitir/towii,  Pa.,  Aiig.  18,  1884. 
Editor  Farm  and  Garden — 

Dear  Sir: — A  friend  of  mine  has  called  my 
attention  to  an  article  in  the  August  number  of 
your  magazine,  the  Farm  and  Gardkn,  which 
reflects  severely  on  tile  good  name  of  my  iionored 
father  I  know  that  vou  admitted  the  article 
thoughtlessly,  and  with  no  intention  of  doing 
an  injustice  to  a  good  man.  Moreover,  I  know- 
that  for  those  wlio  knew  my  fatlier,  no  contra* 
diction  would  be  neeiled,  but  for  tlie  sake  of  his 
good  name  among  many  otiiers  who  did  not  know 
him,  but  yet  feel  an  interest  in  the  missionary 
worlt  of  our  church,  it  may  be  best  that  I  should 
ask  you,  in  justice  to  the  sainted  dead,  to  juih- 
lish  the  true  aeeount  of  the  story  which  yon 
have  associated  wiili  iiis  name. 

I  am  told  by  high  authority  that  this  same 
story  lias  been  repeated  and  attached  to  the  name 
of  nearly  every  missionary  in  the  East.  Now  it 
could  n()t  be  true  of  «//,  even  if  it  were  really 
true  of  any  one  of  them.  A  captain  in  the 
United  States  Navy  stateil  at  a  public  meeting, 
at  which  my  informant  heard  him,  that  hearing  : 
this  story  so  often  repeated,  he  had  thought  it 
worth  while  to  trace  it  to  its  source.  He  did  so, 
and  located  ir,  in  a  town  in  Japan.  My  father 
never  lived  in  Japan,  nor  had  a  house  built  in 
tliat  country.  So  it  will  be  seen  how  untrue  and 
unjust  it  is  to  as.sociate  the  story  with  one  whose 
integrity,  self-sacrifice,  and  holiness,  are  wit- 
nessed to  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Thanking  you  for  yonr  cheerfully  given  per- 
mission to  make  this  correction,  I  am, 
Very  truly  yours, 

Thomas  Boone, 

Rector  of  OirUt  Cliurch,  Savannah,  Qa. 


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GUERNSEYS  and  JERSEYS 

Also  TIIOKOr«HBREDS   AND  (;RADE8. 

Yountf  Stock  for  sale.     Send  stamp  for  C'atnlosue. 

T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


THREE    SERIIONS    delivered    In    FKIENnS' 
.>IEETIN(;  llOrSES.  b>  .lOIIN  .1.  COHNi;i.l.. 

.Sent  l)y  mall  lor  Vi  cenin.  :47.<Mt  |ier  100.     I'o»tage 

stamps  taken,  Ad<liess 

HENRY  T.  CHILD.  HI.  P..  634  Bate  Slreet,  Philadelphia.  Pi. 

60  Satin   floislieij 

Goliieo      Beauties. 

Sou  renin  or  frlcn-l 

t)ip,       Uolto      KD.I 

p'er,e  Cardi    et 

Card  embotitd,  « 

name  lOc  «>  packs  and  this  Beftntlful  RolUdOotd  Stmi  RlnK.SOc 

lerui  >  Album.  25o.    ALLINe  BKOS.  Norlhroril,  I'nnn 


rnrr   snrsend  tor  estimates  for   nDlklTiyP 
rnCC  >..iir   next  Prk  K   List  and  rHIH  I  lllU 

Illustrated   Catalogues  and  Circulars. 

Large  Stock  of  Cuts.      Ten  fears'  Experience. 
to  MORRELL  BROTHERS.  Prialen.  Ill  lo  114  Carter  ttrtet. 

Send  for  samples  of  "Herctlles  "  SfPd  Baefs.  Pliilad'a.  I'a. 


UABIC  LANTERNS! 

IwIand  stereopticons 

For  PUBLIC.  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  &  HOME  EXHIBITIONS 

uirvue  iiiuBtratinfr I  i')fi pat-e iiiua.  rorr 

f  ItWO  all  Subjectsi  l/U  l':ital'>L.-ur'.  rllCK 

C.  T.  MILLIGAN  VU'i^^il'C^Ufl: 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

FINCILS'  PROLIFIC.  .>IAN(HESTER,  JER. 
SEV  ytEEN,  AND  PRIMO. 

Choice  New  and  t)ld  Sluall  Fruits.  Gr.«.iili.>u-i>  Plants,  etc.,  etc.     See- 
Illustrated  CataloguL'.  free. 

GEO.  I,.  MILIjER,  Ridgewo'od  Nurseries,'  '  '' 
Stockton.  Ohio. 


TO  LOVERS  OF  FLOWERS. 

FOR  FALL  AND  WINTER  PLANTING,  SEND 
EOR  MY  t  ATALOtU  E. 

F.    E.   M'ALLISTER, 

SEED  MEKCHNT  AND  IMPORTER  OF  BDLBS,  &c. 
•29  iinti  ;ll  Fiillou  .Street,  New  York. 


The  ''RANCOCAS  " 

THE  .HOST  PRODUCTIVE 

EARLY  RED  RASPBERRY. 


A  eood  colore 
berry.  Fur  the  : 
their  last  shiinnen 
and  their  first  ship 
f<ir  liistt)ry  aJiti  di 
*'Trncle.''    Intruduced  bj 

R.  C.  CHASE  &  CO.,  GENEVA,  N 


Carries  ■well.    A  ^reiii  itmrket 

ason  <if  1S.M  the  oriffinuliirs  made 
ot  Sharphss  Strawherries  June  littU 
iriit  (.1  Kaiict.ras  June  rilst.  S»*iid 
riptioii.     Liberal  terms  to  the 


ILLDST-CATZD 

PunpbUt    m^\tA    PREE. 

NEWARK  MACHINE  CO. 
'  NEWARK,  O. 


POMONA  NURSERIES. 
PARRY  STRAWBERRY 

A   sf-etiliiiL'   itf.lerMei    Queen.      Vioorouf 

grower,  pertect  flower.  Vent  protluclive:  tnott 
eautllul  brlpht  color;  large  size'  hiohett  In 
color,  anil  Srm  BEST  tor  MURKET  or  rAKIILY  uie. 
:>! Alt  MIOKO.  the  large!  earl«   Raipbern. 

--- it.,  the  laraeit  earlv  BlacCberrY.    HEADOUAR- 

TERS  FOR  KICrrER  PEARS.     A  ,  .)m|)lete  llsl  ,.l  Small  FruU 

Plants.  t;i-iiiieN.  t'lirrnntN.  Jte.   C.XTALIltil'K  tree. 

VVM,  PARRY,  PARRY  P.  O.,  New  Jersey. 


NEW 

FRUITS 


Catalo'iue 

FREE! 


MARLBORO  Rasp 
CORNELIA  Straw 


Berry 


Also  a  full  aflftortment  of  all  the  new  and 
old  Fruits.  OR.N AMENTALS,  Arc. 
II.  S.  ANDER.SON,  Cayuga  Lake 
Nurseries,    Union  Sprinirs,  N.  Y. 

(JE«toi/isft«dl855.)    Send  for  deecriptionR 


PEAR  AND  OTHER  TREES. 

'?'^%   NEW  BERRIES  (gJU'xi) 


Marlboro  Raspberry. 
EARLY  CLUSTER  BLACKBERRY. 

l.titulu»4iR'  Flue.      JOHN  S.  COLLINS.  MOORESTOWN,  N.  J. 


X3:.^IM[Afi:0:N'X>'S     SXjX7C3-    shot  (Registered) 

Kills    CEi.bbage    Worms,    Potato   Bugs,   <fec. 


Sold  by  all  live  seedsmen. 


del  a  pamphlft.  Made  by  B.  HAMMOND  &  CO.,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


PDVEI^.IPISBMEMII1S. 


i'tetMe  Jiifiidoii  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


WANTED  '*!<*"  "»•■  Women  Agents.     JAMES  E. 
nnn  l  L.U  WNITNEY.  Nurseryman,  Rocliester,  N.  Y. 

40 


(18M)  Chromo  Cards,  no  two  alike,  with  nanie.lOc. 
i;i  pks..!fl.OO.     GEO.  I.  REED  <fe  CO.,  Nassau.  N.  Y. 


50 


New,  Fancy  Chromo  Cards.  Jlnndsomfst  Rohl.?^HX\\f% 
witlj  name,  10c,    Nass.w  Card  Co.,  Nassau,  N.  Y. 


$65 


A  .^lONTH  and  Hoard  for  tliree  live 

Yontiff   Men   or   I.aiiie^  hi   each   eotiiity. 
Address,    P.  W.  ZIECLER  &  CO.,  Phllail'a,  Pa. 


DO  YOU  WANT^^-rT 


SEED  WHEAT 

FAIiL  SOWING?    All  the  new  and 

standard   varieties    at    very   low   prices.      Also 

Jersey   Red,    Chester    White,   Poland    China,    Yorkshire    and    Berkshire   Pi^rs,    and    Scotch 
Collie    Pnps,    at    reduced    prices,    diirint.'    the    Full    months.      Send    tor   our    Fall    circular. 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO.,  475  &  477  Worth  Fihh  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

VERTICAL,  HORIZONTAL,  AND  MOUNTED  AUTOMATIC  ENGINES, 

2  to  200  Horse-Power. 


BEST  IN  THE  WORLD.     OVER  3500  IN  USE.     SALES  OVER  600  IN   1883. 

We  coarantce  ttic  Payne  Automatic  to  fumisti  same  power  as  the  ordinary  engine  on  one-third  to  one-half  less  fuel  and  watets, 
doing  same  «ort.  Address,  B.  W.  PAYNE  «c  SONS,  P.  O.  Box  763,  Elmlra.  N.  T. 

HILL.  OLABKS  4c  CO..  Eastern  A«ent«,  Boiten ;  or  our  New-Tork  Office,  30  Cortlsndt  St. 


THE    i   IRM    AND    GARDEN. 


15- 


f^UiPUMN    LCBAYBS. 


New  York  girls  are  seen  kissing  liorses.  Horses 
in  New  York  are  not  easily  scared. 

"  Tliat's  vour  lav,  is  it?  "  inquired  tlie  rooster 
of  tiie  hen  as  slie  cackled  over  her  latest  produc- 
tion. 

A  Fi-enoliraan  is  teaching  a  donkey  to  talk. 
What  we  want  in  this  country,  is  a  man  wlio  will 
teach  donkeys  not  to  talk. 

"But, ".said  the  serenaded  man,  "I  must  go 
out  and  make  a  speech.  Something  must  be 
done  to  stop  the  playing  of  that  band." 

An  advertiser  in  Vanity  Fair  offers  "A  dream 
for  sale  at  £5."  Here  is  a  good  chance  for  some 
horse  fancier  to  buy  a  night  mare  cheap. 

Generally  the  party  wlio  sings  "I  would  not 
live  always"  th^  loudest,  is  the  one  who  gets 
between  the  featlier  beds  during  a  thunderstorm. 

An  American  lady  married  to  an  Italian  prince 
a  year  ago  has  already  left  him.  Some  American 
girls  are  too  proud  to  travel  around  with  a  tam- 
bourine all  day. 

We  liave  an  exchange  on  our  list  which  is  very 
wealthy.  It  said  in  last  week's  issue  *'  We  are 
paying  off  the  national  debt  at  the  rate  of 
|l6o,000,OOU  a  year,  and  yet  we  do  not  feel  it." 

The  Fiend. 
He  drops  in  now  to  call  upon 

Tlie  editor  or  printer, 
And  closes  carefully  the  door 

He  left  ajar  last  winter. 

In  the  ruins  of  Pompeii,  the  remains  of  a  man 
with  a  satisfied  smile  on  his  face  and  four  jacks 
grasped  in  his  dried-up  hand,  have  been  un- 
earthed. The  workmen  are  now  digging  away 
vifirorously  for  the  other  fellow,  to  see  what  he 
had. 

"  I  wish  my  wife  wasn't  a  politician,"  said 
Snifkins  sadly. 

"  Why  '!"  asked  his  friend.  "  Is  she  a  Demo- 
crat ! " 

"  No,  she's  a  bolter;  She  won't  let  me  in  after 
10..30  o'clock  at  night." 

A  gang  of  Italian  laborers  near  Saratoga  were 
recently  cut  down  ten  cents  a  day.  Instead  of 
striking,  they  cut  an  inch  olf  tlieir  shovel  blades 
at  night.  Tlae  boss  asked  what  it  meant,  and  one 
of  tlie  men  replied,  "  Not  so  much  pay,  not  so 
much  dirt  lift;  all  right,  job  last  the  more  long. 
Italian  no  fool  like  Irisliman  ;  lie  no  strilce." 

"  Wake  up?  "  exclaimed  Mrs.  Mulberry  in  a 
loud  whisjier,  as  she  punched  the  slumbering 
Mulberry  in  the  short  ribs  with  her  elbow  the 
other  night ;  "  wake  up  ;  I'm  sure  I  hear  burglars 
in  the  dining  room."  "  IVm'tdisturb  them  then," 
said  the  drowsy  Mulberry,  turning  over  on  the 
other  side.  "Be  just  as  quiet  as  you  can,  and 
may  be  they  will  eat  some  of  that  fruit  cake  you 
have  in  the  pantry." 

First  Gotham  St.  Contractor — "  I  liear  the 
cholera  is  fearfully  bad  over  in  France." 

Second  Street  Contractor — "  Yes  ;  and  it  may 
come  here  if  the  streets  are  not  cleaned." 

"  Just  as  I  was  tiiinkiiig." 

"Sometliing  must  be  done." 

"  Yes,  something  must  be  done,  tliats  a  fact, 
and  quickly  d{)iie,  too." 

"  Can  you  get  word  to  the  other  contractors  to- 
day?" 

"Oh,  yes,  easy.  I  know  where  they  meet  to 
play  checkers." 

"  A^ery  well ;  tell  them  all  to  come  round  to  my 
house  at  8  o'clock  this  evening." 

"But  what  for?" 

"  To  help  pray  for  rain." 

An  Important  Distinction. — "  Miriah,  I 
am  shocked  that  you  should  even  think  of  having 
those  Simpkins  girls  as  bridesmaids  at  your  wed- 
ding." 

'■  Why,  mamma,  they  are  two  of  the  sweetest, 
nicest,  most  highly-cultivateil  ynnng  ladies  in  the 
city.  They  have  traveled  all  over  tlie  globe,  and 
are  received  everywhere." 

"  But  just  think,  Miriah,  of  the  stigma  which 
attaches  to  them.  Before  tlie  war,  their  father, 
who  afterwards  got  ricli  on  an  army  contract,  lived 
on  a  farm,  and  actually  made  and  sold  butter. 
Just  think  of  it!" 

"  But  does  not  my  father  make  and  sell  butter, 
too?" 

"  No  indeed-  AVhy  you  shock  me  !  How 
could  you  think  of  such  a  thing?  Your  father  is 
a  manufacturer,  and  the  product  he  manufactures 
is  not  vulgar  butter,  but  oleomargarine,  a  highly 
prized  and  very  important  article  of  commerce. 


Chrysanthemums 

)ver  150  sorts,  all  selected  from  PRIZE  VARIETIES,  very  fini 
ilaiits.  verj'  cheap  in  pots  for  winter  nnwering. 

TULIPS,  HYACINTHS,  CROCUS, 


—  .\XD   ALL   OTHER- 


A  full  line  «t  FIN 

GROWN 


POT- 


E,  STRONG  PI.ANT.S  o 

STRAWBERRIES. 


B  XJ  I.  B  5 

—FOR    WINTKIt    AND    SPRING    FLOWERING. 

VIOI-ET.S.    fARNATIOfi-S,    BOIVARDIAS,   large- 

cUimiis,  specially  prepared  lor  WINTER  BLOOMING.. 

ROSES!  ROSES!!   ROSES!!! 

W.- urf- the  hirt'i-st  growers,  au'i  heacUiuarters  fur 

THE  BERMUDA  EASTER  LILY 

Strong  bulbs  mailed  for  40  reniH  each,  §4.00  per  dozen.  Extra  tine- 
specimen  bulbs,  60  cents  each.  $6>00  per  dozen ;  these  are  very  tine. 
For  full  description  of  this  valuable  Lily,  see  our  fall  catalogue,  free: 
to;  all  readers  of  The  Farm   and  Gabden.     Address, 

F.  R.  PIERSON  &  CO., 

Tarrytown-on-Hudson,  New  York,. 


OUR    BULB    OFFERS. 

Th(tt,  we  miijhl  offer  libtrnl  premiums  to 
our  subscribers,  we  have  imported  direct  from 
the  growers  in  Europe  und  the  Bermudas,  the 
finest,  lot  of  Bulbs  we  hare  eper  seen.  These 
we  have  decided  to  offer  to  our  friends  in  the 
followinij  libera/  col/ections  : — 

Our  60-cent  Collection, 
Sent  free  bt/  mail,  and  including  One  Year's 
subscription  to  The  Farm  and  Garden,  will 
contain  One  fine  Dutch  Hyacinth,  Two  Grape 
Hyacinths,  Two  Tulips,  Fire  Crocus  (each  of 
a  different  color),  One  Scilla  fliberica,  One 
Single  Xarci.*tsus  Poelieus,  making  in  all, 
when  quality  is  considered,  as  fine  a  collection 
of  winter-blooming  bulbs  os  could  be  usiuilly 
bought  for  $1.00. 

For  $1.00 
We  will  send  One  fine  bulb  of  Lilium  Har- 
rissii  {see  cut  on  page  1),  imported  by  us  from, 
growers  in  Bermuda,  One  iMtfch  Hyacinth, 
Five  Tulips,   Si.e  Crocus  ifuar  colors), 
Three  Spanish    Iris,   Three    Snow- 
drops; included,   with  this   is  a 
year's  subscription  to  The  Farm 
and  Gardeyi. 


Hf.    + 


+    + 


We  win  send  Two  buibs  of  LiUnm  Jlnrrisaii,  One  Scilia  Siberici,  Pour  Spanish 
Iris,  Two  IxidS,  One  Snoivdrop,  Three  Oxalis,  Seven  Single  JVarcMSHs  PoeticuSj 
One  Jonquil,  One  Tulip,  Five  Crocus  {different  colors),  One  Feather  Jlyacinlh. 
With  these  we  will  include  a  year's  subscription  to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


16 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


^UBLISHEI^S'  DBPAI^IIMBNT. 


£ntered  at  PhiUxdelphixt  Post  Office  as  Second  CUuss  MiUter 


Messrs  S.  H.  Moore  <&  Co.,  whose  advertisement  ap- 
peal's oil  second  cover  pa^'e,  are  an  old  and  reliable  house. 
Patronize  them  if  you  want  anything  in  their  line. 


We  have  one  of  the  new  Singer  Sewing  Machines  ad- 
vertised by  E.  C.  Howe  &  Co.  in  this  number,  and  we 
ki»ow  It  to  be  all  right.  The  firm  is  a  good  and  reliable 
one.  If  they  do  not  deal  justly  with  you  we  will  be 
responsible  to  the  full  extent  of  your  loss. 


P.  C.  Lewis,  of  Catskill,  New  York,  makes  pumps  and 
syringes  for  spraying  fruit  trees,  grape  vines,  vegetation, 
-etc.,  with  insect  poisons  These  same  pumps  are  valu- 
able for  fire  extinguishers,  and  useful  in  many  ways. 
"Wv  give  this  information  In  response  to  many  inquiries 
lor  sonieiliing  of  the  kind.  Write  Mr.  Lewis  a  postal 
■card  and  say  we  recommended  him,  and  he  will  treat 
Tp-ou  well. 


On  page  9  we  offer  our  new  speclficattons  for  making 
incubators.  These  ar^complete  directions  which  wfll 
^jiuble  any  one  with  a  knowledge  of  simple  tools  to 
niiike  a  complete  and  successful  incubator.  Beale's 
"Profitable  Poultry  Keeping"  and  Halsted's  "Artificial 
Incubation  "  arc  two  useful  and  valuable  hooks  which 
every  one  who  raises  a  chick  should  have.  The  price  of 
specifications  is  32  cents,  of  "Profitable  Poultry  Keep- 
ing" fl,50,  of  "Artificial  Incubation"  75  cents,  all  by  mail. 


(Continued  from  page  9.) 
better  results  than  to  trust  to  the  breed  under  all 
circumstances.  We  often  receive  inquiries  asking 
which  is  the  best  breed  for  market  and  whicli 
the  best  for  egg  production.  If  we  were  living 
in  a  State  south  of  Mason's  and  Dixon's  line,  we 
would  take  our  chances  for  securing  eg.ars  from 
the  Leghorns,  Houdans,  or  any  of  the  non-sitting 
breeds  or  crosses  from  them.  North  of  that  line 
we  would  prefer  the  breeds  that  possess  full  fluft' 
feathers,  such  as  the  Cochins,  Brahmas,  and 
Plymouth  Rocks.  The  reason  is  that  the  coml)s 
are  not  so  easily  frosted  in  the  Soutli  and  the 
active  Leghorn  is  very  suital)Ie  to  that  section, 
while  the  contented  larger  breeds  are  more  easily 
confined  within  doors,  during  the  long  Northern 
winters.  Then,  again,  some  sections  possess  a 
humid  atmosphere,  while  in  other  localities  tlu* 
climate  is  dry.  Extremes  of  cold  and  heat  are 
often  affected  l)y  the  humidity  of  the  atmosphere, 
the  cold  being  more -keenly  felt  the  greater  the 
proportion  of  moisture.  Thus,  we  jnay  safely 
raise  Leghorns  in  a  cold  climate,  if  it  is  drj-,  and 
we  may  raise  tlie  Asiatics  in  a  warm  climate  if 
the  changes  from  cool  to  warm  temperatures  are 
not  too  sudden  and  variable.  The  best  fowl  is 
the  one  roost  suitable  to  the  climate. 


Dairymen  Okxtiko  Rich.— Progressive  dairymen 
who  are  only  satisfied  willi  the  best  results,  are  adding 
t4»  their  wealth  and  conferring  a  benefit  on  .society,  by  the 
r.ijiid  iniprovenieiiis  they  are  making  in  the  art  of  butter 
nuiking.  This  class  use  Wells,  Rk-hardaon  &  co's  im- 
jirovcrl  Butter  Ccilnr.  and  know  by  actual  lest  that  It  fills 
everj-  claim  made  for  it. 


Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  will  have  their 
autnuil  Kxhibition  in  connection  with  .Agricultural  State 
t'air,  at  Pliiladelphia,  open  September  9lh. 


KNABE  PIANOS  FOR  BROOKLYN  SCHOOLS. 
(From  the  Baltimore  Daily  Xtirn. } 
The  award  of  the  contract  to  supply  the  Brooklyn, 
JCew  York,  Public  Schools  with  twelve  Pianos,  has  been 
made  to  Messrs.  Wm.  Knabk  &  Co.,  this  being  the  entire 
aiumber  required,  the  award  was  made  after  a  Ipst  of 
merit.  The  Board  of  Eflucatlon  having  di'tennlnfd  to 
secure  the  Piano  which  they  believed  to  be  the  best  in 
■the  market,  without  regard  to  the  difference  In  price. 
After  a  thorough  examination  and  comparison,  the 
Knabe  Pianos  were  unanimously  chosen. 


"We  take  pleasure  in  recommending  our  renders  to 
Messrs.  Skeos  A  FERorsoN.  Commission  Merchants  of 
Twelltli  Street  Market,  Philadelphia.  We  are  person- 
ally acquainted  with  the  firm  and  know  them  to  be 
prompt  and  reliable. 


THE  BEATTY  ORGAN  AND  PIANO  CO. 


A  WoNBKRFi'L  Business  Rejuvenated   and 
Rstablisheu, 


i(From  Frank  Leitie's  Illustrated  Newspaper.) 
The  name  of  Daniel  F.  Beaty,  of  Washington,  New 
Jersey,  is  tolerably  well  known  tr>  the  majority  of  the 
people  of  the  United  Stales  in  connection  with  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  musical  instruments.  By  liberal  and 
■widespread  advertising,  and  by  dealing  direct  with  the 
purchaser,  he  built  up  a  most  extensive  business  in 
organs  and  pianos.  It  was  his  ambition  to  erect  and  own 
the  largest  organ  factory  in  the  world,  and  he  succeeded 
in  so  doing.  But  the  hindrances  and  losses  incident  to  a 
■disastrous  fire  In  18S1,  and  the  want  of  adequate  capital, 
■combined  with  a  lack  ol  business  method,  led  to  a  serious 
entanglement  in  his  affairs.  Although  he  made  and 
sold  over  seventeen  thousand  (17,0tW)  organs  last  year, 
ihis  embarrassments,  which  dated  iheir  origin  years  be- 
fore, became  so  serious  that  he  finally  sold  his  business 
tc  a  corporation  composed  of  his  creditors.  It  is  under- 
stood that  tliLs  company,  with  ample  capital,  has  under- 
taken to  make  good  as  far  as  possible  all  the  obligations 
of  Mr.  Beatty,  giving  preference  to  the  purchasers  of 
orgatis  and  pianos  whose  goods  are  still  undelivered,  and 
to  whom  it  is  shipping  daily  their  instruments.  The 
company  is  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  I  W.  England, 
<.f  New  York,  his  manager  being  Mr.  W.  P.  Hadwen  ; 
and  the  gentlemen  composing  the  directors  and  stock- 
holders are  among  the  best  known  and  most  responsible 
business  men  In  the  country.  All  new  orders,  we  are 
assured,  are  filled  on  receipt  with  Instruments  of  the 
best  quality:  while  arrearages  are  being  manufactured 
and  shipped  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  100  a  week.  On 
such  a  basis,  svipplying  a  superior  article  at  a  moderate 
price,  free  of  agents'  commissions,  the  new  concern 
43Ught  to  achieve  a  great  success. 


DESIRABLE  CROSSES. 

As  chicks  may  be  hatched  with  profit  this 
mitulli,  we  give  a  few  crosses  which  will  be  found 
serviceable,  according  to  the  purposes  desired. 

For  go<n\  vigorous  layers,  possessing  average 
size,  with  hardiness  and  beautiful  plumage,  cross 
a  Brown  Leghorn  cock  with  Partridge  Cociiin 
hens,  and  the  next  season  male  the  pullets  from 
sucii  cross  witii  a  Beltaat  Red  or  Black-Breasted 
Red  (ianic  cock. 

For  capons,  mate  a  colored  Dorking  cock  with 
Dark  lirnlima  lu-ns,  and  the  product  is  the  most 
compact,  heavy,  and  salable  capon  of  any  cross, 
being  of  excellent  table  quality,  large  size,  and 
easily  fatted. 

For  market  chicks,  cross  a  Plymouth  Rock  on 
Brahnm  or  <N)chin  hens,  and  "the  next  season 
mate  the  puUcts  from  the  cross  with  a  Wyandotte 
cock. 

For  producing  a  very  large  fowl,  cross  a  Hou- 
dan  cock  on  Light  Brahma  hens,  and  mate  the 
pullets  ot  liie  cross  the  next  season  with  a 
Plymouth  RiH'k  cock. 

For  early  maturity,  cross  a  White  Leghorn  cock 
with  Light  Brahma  hen.s,  or  a  Black  Hamburg 
cock  with  Langshan  hens. 

For  fowls  that  quickly  fatten,  cross  any  two  of 
tiie  large  breeds,  and  continue  such  crosses  from 
other  large  breeds  on  tlic  produce. 

For  winter  layers,  cross  a  Dominick  cock  with 
light  Brahma  hens,  or  a  Houdan  cock  with  Lang- 
shan hens.  Next  season  cross  the  progeny  with 
a  Wyandotte  or  Plymouth  Rock  cock. 


SORATCHINGS. 

Neiti.—The  cheap  shaving  baskets  make  excellent 
nests,  b»*ing  light,  easily  cleaned,  and  more  convenient 
in  many  respects  than  boxes. 

Faftenino  Geew.— There  Is  no  better  food  for  fattening 
geese  than  turnips.  Chop  them  fine  and  feed  in  the  raw 
condition.  With  a  small  amount  of  grain  as  a  variety, 
the  geese  will  quickly  become  fat. 

Selecllng  Young  Leohornt,— See  that  the  comb  is  perfectly 

straight,  with  fine  separations,  each  at  even  distance 
from  the  other,  the  earlobes  while,  smooth  and  large, 
the  body  well  carried,  and  the  legs  a  golden  yellow, 

September  Work.— Now  is  the  time  to  lay  in  a  supply  of 
fine  dry  dirt  for  winter  use,  as  well  as  a  quantity  of  vege- 
tables. If  the  preparations  are  not  made  at  the  time 
when  the  season  is  moderately  warm,  many  Inconven- 
lencies  will  ocmir  after  the  snow  begins. 

Matlifl  Docki.  — It  Is  useless  to  keep  ducks  In  pairs,  as 
two  or  more  ducks  may  be  allowed  with  each  drake, 
thereby  iiermitting  of  the  sale  of  surplus  stock.  Ducks 
should  be  allowed  to  lorage,  as  they  will  not  do  well  in 
confinement,  especially  when  the  drakes  are  numerous. 

Langshaa  Chklti.— It  may  he  noticed  that  sometimes 
the  feet  are  yellow,  but  this  passes  off  as  they  grow  lar- 
ger. The  true  Langshan,  when  matured,  has  pink  color 
between  the  toes,  dark  legs,  and  moderate  feathering  to 
the  outer  toes.  When  first  hatched  they  are  black  and 
white. 

Cogi  At  This  Season— The  moulting  hen  may  be  induced 
to  lay  occasionally  by  giving  them  a  stimulating  diet 
but  do  not  allow  them  too  much  fat-producing  material. 
When  moulting  they  sometimes  become  excessively  fat. 
which  should  be  prevented,  unless  they  are  to  be  sent  to 
market. 

Grass  Seeds  for  Chlclts.— Save  the  millet  seeds,  as  young 
chicks  are  limd  of  it.  An  arml'Ml  ol  cut  hay  in  the  yard 
gives  the  hens  good  exercise  scratching  for  seeds. 
Hungarian  grass  seed  is  aJso  excellent,  as  well  as  the 
seed  of  bioom  corn  and  sorghum.  They  afford  variety, 
and  aie  beneficial  for  that  piu'pose.  as  well  as  the  nutri- 
tive value. 


Roup  Medicine.— An  experienced  breeder  states  that  he 
has  always  been  successful  in  tit-ating  Roup,  debiliiy, 
and  bowel  disorders,  by  mixing  equal  parts  of  quinine, 
powdered  saffion,  and  red  pepper.  For  a  sick  fowl,  a 
small  pinch  ot  the  mixture  is  moistened  with  tincture 
of  iron,  and  given  twice  a  day. 

Temperalure  for  Incubators.— The  great  difficulty  with  in- 
cubators is  tu  be  able  to  know  the  exact  temperature  at 
which  the  eggs  should  be  kept.  After  repeated  experi- 
ments, we  have  secured  the  best  result  when  the  heat 
was  maintained  at  lOoO  the  first  week,  KMO  the  second, 
and  102O  the  third  week.    And  yet  there  is  more  to  learn. 

The  Turkeys.— Do  not  attempt  to  fatten  your  turkeys 
yet.  The  best  place  for  them  is  on  the  range,  and  they 
will  then  only  need  an  allowance  of  food  when  they 
come  up  at  niglit.  To  fatten  them  too  early  is  not  bene- 
ficial. They  can  be  made  serviceable  in  tobacco  fields, 
as  they  destroy  all  the  large  green  worms  they  can  gel. 

Plymouth  Rocks.— A  large  number  of  persons  who  keep 
Plymouth  Rocks  give  no  consideration  to  the  purity  ot 
the  breed.  Feathered  legs  indicate  something  wrong. 
For  crossing  on  common  hens,  only  the  pure-bred,  clean- 
legged  cock  is  suitable.  The  half-bred  cock  only  pro- 
duces mongrel  chicks,  and  adds  no  improvement  to  the 
flock. 

Prepare  Tor  Winter  Lajitog, -Every  pullet  should  he  hast- 
ened forward  as  rapidly  as  possible  between  now  and 
frost, as  the  principal  gro  vili  will  be  made  before  w  inter. 
After  that  time  the  demand  for  warmth  will  cause  them 
to  be  retarded,  and  laying  he  deferred  until  the  cold 
season  is  over,  (jive  plenty  of  bone  meal  and  meat 
scraps  for  a  few  weeks,  and  do  not  confine  them  too 
early  as  the  range  is  the  best  place  for  pullets. 

A  Cheap  and  Nutritious  Food,— One  of  the  cheapest  and 
best  of  soft  foods,  is  losoak  ground  oats  in  hot  water  over 
night.  Early  the  next  morning  add  a  pint  of  milk,  but- 
termilk, or  clabber  to  it,  stir,  and  thoroughly  mix,  thick- 
ening it  with  one  part  bran  and  two  parts  corn  meal. 
WitJi  the  addition  of  a  little  red  jiepper  and  salt,  as  well 
as  a  tahlespoonful  of  bone  meal  for  every  ten  hens,  it 
forms  a  complete  egg  food,  being  not  only  excellent  for 
adult  fowls,  but  also  for  grow  ing  chicks. 

The  Wyandolles. Although  this  breed  Is  now  considered 
a  pure  one.  Hie  results  of  the  first  cross  from  which  it 
was  produced— Silver  S[>angled  Hamburg  and  Dark 
Brahma— are  manifested  every  season,  for  occasionally 
the  legs  will  have  a  tinge  of  feathering,  and  the  young 
•stock  give  indications  of  the  Brahma.  If  bred  from  a 
succeeding  season,  a  reversion  again  occurs  to  the  Ham- 
burg, and  the  breeder  may  consider  liimself  fortunate  If 
he  secures  a  perfectly  marked  specimen. 

Feeding  Laying  Pullets.— As  long  as  an  early  pullet  Is 
growing,  she  maybe  fed  highly,  but  the  comb  must  be 
noticed  in  order  to  be  watrhful  of  the  first  signs  of  the 
scarlet  color  which  indicates  that  she  is  about  to  begin 
laying.  At  this  period  she  will  become  too  fat  If  ted  on 
much  grain,  and  if  very  fat  she  will  not  lay.  After  she 
has  commenced  to  lay,  however,  she  should  receive  all 
she  desires.  The  critical  period  is  that  between  the 
maturity  of  the  pullet  and  the  beginning  of  egg  produc- 
tion. 


"HOW  THE  FARM  PAYS." 

IIV 

WM.  CROZIER  AND  PETER  HENDERSON. 

Just  issued,  A  niMv  wiii'k  ol'  100  pHgeN.con- 
tafnhii;  *^;J5  illiiMtrnlionw.  Si-nl.  pust-jmtd,  for 
9-J..'SO.  AGENTS  WANTED.  Special  rilei  to  clubi  or 
buyers  in  Quanllty.  Th<-  inosi  i-Dinprehensivp  bouk 
on  turniiiii;  i*\fr  Ksni''i.  Index  iiiid  Table  (if  (_'(>n- 
teiils,  thowtna  icope  of  the  work,  mailed  on  appllcaHoo. 

PETER  HENDERSON  &.  CO., 

35  ind  37  Corllandt  Street,  New  Vorii. 


The 

THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 
THIBALIN 

For  description  see  October  number. 


*  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


OCTOBER,    1884. 


No.  II. 


TO  ALL  ■WHO  RECEIVE  THIS  NUMBER. 
T  8ubsc-ri|>tionx  may  hcsin  witlj  aiiv  number,  but  we 
preter  to  datetbem  trom  January  of  each  year. 

RencwnlH  can  be  sent  now,  no  matter  when  the 
subscription  expires,  and  the  time  will  be  added  to  that 
to  which  the  subscription  is  already  entitled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription. 
If  not  renewed  u  is  immediately  discontinued  No 
notice  is  required  to  stop  the  paper,  and  no  bill  will  be 
sent  for  extra  numbers. 

Jtemittiinces  may  be  made  at  our  risk  by  Post  Office 
Order.  Postal  Note,     ReRislered  Letter.     .S'tamps    and 
Canadian  Money  are  taken,  but  if  sent  in  ordinary  lett 
are  at  your  risk. 

Beceipts.— The  fact  that  you  receive  the 
paper  is  a  proof  that  we  have  received  your  re- 
miltancH  correctly.  If  you  do  not  rece'ive  the 
paper  promptly,  write  us,  that  we  may  see  that 
your  adilresH  is  correct.  i 

AdilresiNes.— No  matter  how  often  you  have' 
written  lo  us,  please  always  Eive  your  fiill  name, 
post  oftlce,  and  State.  We  have  no  way  to  dnd 
your  name    O^pt  from  the  address. 

Naine!<4.  Jhot  be  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and 
In  lull.  It -aWady.  always  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs 
Saman"jiv  ..lien  one  time  and  Mrs.  Josiah  Allen  next 
It  you  do  not  write  Mi.ss  or  Mrs.  before  your  signature 
do  not  beotrended  If  we  make  a  niLstake  on  this  point. 

Errors.— We  make  them  ;  so  does  every  one,  and  we 
will  cheerfully  correct  them  If  you  write  us.  Trv  to 
write  us  good  naturedly,  but  if  vou  cannot  then  w'rite 
fp  ns  an.v  way.  Do  not  complain  to  any  one  else  or  let 
at  pass.  We  want  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
any  injustice  we  may  do. 

AI)VERTI.SIl>i<;RATES.-FromUsiie8ofFeh- 
riiiiry,  ISS4.  lo  lleceinbrr,  1S.S4.  inrliiNive,  00 
«ent9  per  Asale  line  eni^li  inxerlion. 

SubNcriptions  to  this  paper  oO  cents  a  year,  payable 
in  advance.  ^  j«u»c 

CHILD  RRO!<.  &  CO.,  Publishers. 

No».  418,  480,  42*  LIbrarj  Street  larst  below  ChestnuO, 

I'hiladelvhia,  I>a. 


FAREWELL  TO  THE  GARDEN  FOR  1884 


Jij/  Joseph. 


A  few  weeka  more  at  the  most,  and  Jack 
Frost  puts  in  his  appearance  to  stop  all  tiir- 
ther  operations  in  the  garden  by  a  decisive  vetof 
We  miLst  finish  np  our  work  and  prepare  to  leave 
lor  this  sea.son,  the  modest  bench  a.ssigned  to  us  in 
nature's  grand  workshop,  and  which  has  become 
endeared  to  us  during  a  long  occupancy. 

+ 
A  light  covering  of  straw,  paper,  blankets  or 
sheets  during  the  first  frosty  nights  of  tlie  season, 
may  often  save  us  a  fair  supply  of  vegetables, 
such  as  tomatoes,  cucumbers,  melons,  "etc.,  for 
«oine  weeks  after  the  first  heavy  frost. 

The  hoisting  of  a  cautionary  signal  flag,  mean- 
ing "the  cold  wave  is  coming,"  at  jiost' offices 
and  stations,  as  proposed  by  our  national  weath- 
«rmakers,  is  a  step  in  the  right  direction,  and 
may  be  the  means  of  avoiding  much  loss  to  the 
farmer  and  gardener.  It  is  well  to  know  when 
to  put  on  a  little  more  bed  clothing. 

*^ 
_  When  you  see  the  white  flag  with  black  square 
m  centre,  and  you  have  no  means  to  protect  your 
vines,  pull  up  the  tomato  plants  and  hang  them 
under  shelter.  They  will  continue  to  ripen  their 
Iruit.  Or  pick  the  half  matured  fruit,  and  spread 
•on  the  floor  or  a  shelf  in  the  garret,  and  have  ripe 
'tomatoes  for  many  days. 

Last  spring,  .7.  A.  Everitt  called  my  attention 
to  his  new  "  Standard 
Market  and  Shipping 
Tomato."  The  name 
perfectly  paralysed  me, 
and  I  would  never  have 
gotten  over  it,  had  I 
not  seen  it  fruiting  in 
Everitt's  garden  a  few 
weeks  ago.  This  to- 
mato certainly  ranks 
with  the  best,  as  far 
as  prol  i  ficacy  and 
beauty  of  shape  and 
color  is  concerned  ;  and 
in  regard  to  its  keep- 
ing qualities,  Ev  e  r  i  1 1 


stories.     Its  name,  therefore, 
that  can   be  said  against  it. 


,  deli 


But  now,  good  Lord,  deliver  us  from  novelties, 
unless  they  are  better  than  our  old  standards. 

+ 

Vegetable  oysters  (salsify),  are  nearly  iron- 
clad. It  is  often  recommendeil  to  lightly  cover 
them  with  litter  during  winter,  or  at  least  draw 


a  little  soil 

over    the    crowns. 

I  have   not   give  ii'^  _^^^ 

them  any  jirotection  whatever  in  fifteen   years, 

and    tlie    crop    has   never     Do  not  read  aii  the  space. 

been  damaged  except  very    "H"  ."■;»•   One  or  thom  »a« 

].    ,,,        .    ^  ,  t      ^      put  in  bv  mistake,  and  found 

Slightly     in     one     (rather     too  late  lo  be  taken  oul 

open)  winter.     It  is  not  worth  while  for  me  to 
take  extra  pains  with  salsify 

Celery  should  be  secured  before  heavy  freezing, 
but  not  handled  when  frozen  or  even  when  wet 
with  dew.  Do  not  try  to  winter  it  in  trenches, 
unless  these  have  good  drainage.  , 


SPECIAL  OrrERS  FOR  OCTOBER,  1884. 


■You  (and  every 
other  subscriber 
ion  our  list)  are  invited 
I  and  requested,  ns  n 
I  favor,  to  send  us  Four 
I  New  Subscribers.  If 
I  you  will  only  do  this 
I  for  us  it  will  brins  us 
lover  One  Hundred 
thousand  subscribers. 


The  subscription  iiiice  of  TiiK  I-'akm  ANOtiAROKx  is  ;>0  cents  a  year,  liut  to  in- 
crease our  list  this  month,  we  will  take  suhscriplions  iu  clubs  at  '1^  cents  and 
make  these  offers;— 

For  FOUR  new  yearly  subscribers  at  '25  cents  each,  we  will  send  the  fol- 
lowing premiums  :  Two  bulbs  of  l,iliuui  Ilairissii.  the  wonderful  I>ily  of  the 
Ilerniiidns,  the  rilail  price  of  which  is  HO  cents.  These  are  the  most  reninrk- 
nb  e  bloiinu'i's  evi-r  iiilroduced.  and  will  please  all.  Single  plants  bear  1.50  blooms, 
and  will  (lower  hy  rhrislnias.    Or 

Four  line,  well-looted  Kver-Klonniins  Rose  Bushes  of  different  varie- 
ties and  colors,  siiilablv- for  lu. US.,  .iiliiiif  in  winter.    Or 

Four  named  Dutch  11  j  ncintlis  i.r  <hll.r..iit,  beautiful  colors.    Or 

For  the  Four  new  names  we  will  renew  your  subscription  lor  1  year 
from  date  of  its  exttiration. 

Any  1  of  these  premiums  for  4  names,8  for  8  names,  or  3  for  12  names. 


I  Prnvldnl.  The  club  Is  mailed  by  a  subscriber  on  or  before  October  :!Oth,  18M,  upon  Blank  ,5518,  enclosed  in  pape 


To  store  celery  in 
your  cellar  or  root 
house,  take  up  the 
plants  with  the  roots, 
trimtiing  the  ends  of 
roots  to  within  on  inch 
or  so  from  center,  re- 
move all  decayed 
leaves,  and  set"  the 
plants  upriglit,  in  rows 
not  less  than  eight 
inches  apart,  in  moist 
sand  or  soil,  the  deeper 
the  better.  New  root- 
lets will   form. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


GARDENING  IN  FLORIDA  (Co^tinuedJ. 


Bx)  W.  C.  Steele,  Jlai/port,  Fla. 


I  closed  rather  abruptly  las^  month,  and  will 
reopen  the  subject  just  where  I  left  it,  without 
any  further  prelude. 

String  beans  are  a  very  popular  crop,  as  they 
require  much  less  manure  and  labor  tlian  most 
crops,  and  mature  in  a  sliorter  time,  often  being 
ready  for  picking  in  six  weelvs  from  planting. 
Bein"-  easily  grown,  the  profits  are  correspond- 
ingly'small,  averaging  probably  from  $50  to  $75 
per  acre. 

Upon  moist  soil  or  where  there  is  any  means.of 
watering  artificially,  cucumbers  are  very  pro- 
ductiverthe  returns  sometimes  running  up  into 
the  hundreds  ot  dollars  per  acre.  But  being 
verv  sensitive  to  trost  and  droutli,  this  crop  is 
not'  so  largely  planted  as  some  others.  I  have 
heard  of  one  man  who  has  contrived  a  system  of 
irrigation  by  means  of  which  he  lias  made  ilie 
cultivation  of  cucumbers  a  success.  He  has  rows 
of  wooden  troughs  across  his  field  five  feet  ajtart. 
They  are  supported  on  posts,  at  about  two  or 
three  feet  from  the  ground,  and  run  a.s  nearly 
level  as  posiible.  They  all  connect  with  a  larger 
trough  running  along  the  side  of  the  patch, 
■which  i^  filled  as  needed  by  pumping  water  from 
a  well,  ''The  cucumbers  are  planted  under  tlie 
rows  of  troughs,  where  the  leakage  keeps  the 
soil  alwavs  moist. 

Irish  potatoes  generally  do  well  if  planted 
earlv  on  suitable  soil,  and  a  good  crop  is  very 

,  "  ,  „  .     profitable,   as  the   price  is 

A  Personal  KcQUest.  ^,  i  •    u        ij     i     i        x    i 

—That  ev.rv   rea.lur  ol  Ihis  alwaVS  high.       But  Uie    tol- 

paper  ^-M  send  us  aclub  of  lowing  aCCOUnt  of  a  potato 
Dew   subscribers.       We   will  o  ,     .     i     x  i 

thank  vou  for  four  and  would  Crop,    as    related    tO    1116    l)y 

be  glad  to  have  more.  ^\^^.    grOWCr,   shoWS  the  dis- 

couragements  often  met  in  tliis  business  here. 
A  piece  of  new  land,  just  cleared,  was  planted 
to  Irish  potatoes.  The  seed  and  fertilizers  cost 
•588.  There  was  no  rain  from  planting  time 
until  tlie  crop  was  ready  to  dig.  When  mar- 
rketed  tlie  potatoes  brought  $18.  Thus  it  is  seen 
that  the  "  Golden  Opportunities"  do  not  always 
yield  a  70 A/c»  harvest. 

Although  sweet  potatoes  are  one  of  the  princi- 
pal crops  of  Florida,  yet  they  are  not  shipped  to 
Northern  markets  very  much.  Tliougli  very 
large  and  of  e.^cellent  quality,  our  sweet  potatoes 
do  not  sell  readily  at  the  North.  The  reason 
probaljly  is  that  there  is  a  prejudice  against  any 
but  yellow  sweet  potatoes,  while  ours  are  white. 
So  far  no  yellow  variety  has  been  found  tliat  will 
succeed  as  well  in  our  soil  and  climate  as  tlie 
white.  As  the  white  is  fully  equal  to  tlie  yellow 
in  quality,  and  superior  in  size,  it  is  only  a  ques- 
tion of  time  wlien  Florida  sweet  potatoes  will  be 
as  popular  as  Florida  oranges.  A  neighbor  sent 
some  to  Boston  last  fall.  The  first  lot  couhl 
hardly  be  sold  at  all,  and  many  were  actually 
given  away  to  get  customers  to  test  them.  Hut 
after  that  there  was  no  difticulty  in  disposing 
of  all  he  had  to  send  at  good  prices. 

In  my  account  I  have  not  tried  to  to  cover  up 
the  disadvantages,  or  make  tilings  appear  bettei 
than  they  really  are.  The  future  will  very  prob- 
ably be  "better  than  the  past,  as  the  last  three 
years  have  been  unusually  dry,  while  last  winter 
was  the  coldest  for  ten  years.  Florida  is  not  an 
earthly  paradise,  but  it  is  a  very  pleasant  place 
to  live.  I  have  lived  in,  or  traveled  over,  more 
than  a  dozen  States,  extending  from  New  Ham- 
shire  to  Wyoming  Teritory,  and  have  seen  no 
place  that  suits  me  as  well  as  this.  The  longer 
people  stay  here,  the  better  they  like  it;  I  mean 
the  majority,  of  course,  there  are  exceittions  ; 
there  are  some  who  are  never  satisfied.  Very  few 
who  have  lived  here  for  several  years  would  be 
be  willing  to  go  North  permanently  on  any  terms. 

Some  think  that  the  summers  must  be  terribly 
hot,  but  I  do  not  find  it  so,  and  I  have  heard 
several  peo]>le  who  have  been  here  for  years,  say 
that  they  like  the  summers  better  than  the  win- 
ters. If  a  change  of  air  seems  necessary  at  any 
time,  on  account  of  health,  or  for  any  other  rea- 
son, it  is  only  a  few  miles  to  the  sea-coast,  where 
fresh  ocean  breezes  and  surf-iiathing  can  be  had, 
equal  to  any  at  Long  Branch,  Brighton,  or 
Eockaway. 

I  said  in  the  beginning,  that  industry,  patience, 
perseverance,  &c.,  &c.,  were  necessary  to  success. 
This  is  undoubtedly  true,  but  at  the  same  time  it 
is  also  just  as  true  of  any  new  country. 

As  a  rule,  it  requires  plenty  of  money,  or  else 
lots  of  hard  work,  tolfeucceed  in  Florida ;  but  no 
more  than  is  necessary  in  Kansas,  Nebraska,  or 
Dakota.  I  feel  sure  that  a  given  amount  of  labor 
will  produce  greater  results  here  than  oti  the 
Western  plains.  The  soil  is  not  so  fertile,  but 
you  are  not  obliged  to  work  hard  six  months  to 
get  fuel  and  woolen  clothing  to  keej)  from  freez- 
ing the  other  six.  You  may  be  working  in  the 
soil  every  day  of  the  year,  and  have  some  crops 
growing  ull  the  time  frotu  January  1st  to  Decem- 
ber 31st. 


After  you  have  a  place  well  established  here, 
you  may  pick  fresh  ripe  fruit  from  your  own  trees 
or  vines  every  day  in  tile  year. 

See  the  list,  strawberries  from  January  to  June, 
blackberries  from  April  to  June,  figs  in  May,  a 
second  crop  in  August,  and  sometimes  a  third 
in  October  or  November,  peaches  from  May  to 
September,  grapes  from  July  to  September, 
guavas  from  July  to  November,  Japan  persim- 
mons from  October  to  January  ;  oranges,  lemons, 
and  all  the  varieties  of  the  citrus  family  from 
September  to  May.  And  all  these  in  a  climate 
where  it  seldom  freezes  at  all,  and  where  the 
lowest  degree  of  cold,  in  the  most  severe  winter 
for  ten  years,  was  twenty -si.x  degrees  above  zero, 
and  that  only  lasted  a  very  short  time  early  in 
the  morning  of  two  d     s. 

Many  who  have  ^  -v  little  strength  at  the 
North,  soon  find  tUi  ""  Ives  able  to  do  all  the 
work  necessary  to  m.  themselves  a  home  in 
tliis  genial  clime.  But  I  might  go  on  indefinately 
when  writing  upon  this  suJ)ject,  so  I  will  close 
with  a  word  of  advice  to  tliose  contemplating  a 
change  of  location.  Visit  Florida  before  decid- 
ing, find  remember  that  you  can  do  ;is  well  on 
the  east  siile  of  the  St.  Johns  river,  within  twenty 
or  thirty  miles  of  Jacksonville,  as  you  can  by 
going  oiie  hundred  and  fifty  miles  farther  soutli. 


NO  EXCELLENCE  ■WITHODT  LABOR. 


The  Experiences  of  a  Virginia  Fanner. 


No.  3. 

It  seems  from  the  condition  of  this  place  this 
system  (or  rather  lack  of  any  system)  was  suc- 
cessively practiced  by  the  various  tenants  who 
have  occupied  it,  and'from  many  mouths  I  learn 
it  is  considered  a  "migiity  poor  farni."  The 
creek  bottoms  have  been  plowed  for  corn,  as  the 
ridges  indicate,  and  so  left,  which  makes  a  rather 
rough  surface  from  wliich  to  cut  the  grass  that 
has  taken  possession  of  it,  making  a  very  rank 
growth.  Of  course  some  weeds  make  up  a  [lortion 
of  the  growth,  but  what  will  not  make  food  for 
the  horse  and  cow  will  come  in  nicely  for  mulch- 
ing and  bedding,  so  it  is  all  cut  and  saved.  If  one 
does  not  "  make  hay  while  the  sun  shines"  it 
will  not  be  made,  or  in  other  words,  but  once  a 
vear  can  we  save  the  vegetable  growths  that 
"make  up  our  support  through  the  year. 

Here  in  the  South  it  is  thought  that  to  make 
much  hav  is  out  of  the  question.  As  here  on 
this  farni,  there  are  many  available  acres  on 
others,  that  if  properly  put  in  condition,  would 
vield  tons  of  the  best  of  hay  yearly,  with  no  ex- 
tra expense  save  to  see  that  it  is  cleared  of  any- 
thing tliat  is  left  by  the  occasional  overflow, 
whicli  onlv  makes  it  each  year  richer.  To  jilow 
such  land  "for  any  crop  is  surely  not  profitable. 
Much  of  these  lands  can  be  mown  a  second  time 
anil  very  large  and  fine  crops  of  hay  secured, 
which  is  far  less  expensive  than  a  crojiof  corn. 

We  wantfertilizers  for  all  our  lands,  and  where 
such  a  chance  exists  to  secure  hay  at  only  the 
expense  of  cutting,  fed  by  the  yearly  overflow  of 
the  streams,  it  should  be  made  available  at  the 
earliest  possible  time.  Every  rod  of  land  where 
grass  will  grow  readily  is  of  more  value  than 
two  rods  of  "land  that  is"  cultivated.  It  certainly 
will  pay  well  to  clear  up  all  damp  spots,  if  but  a 
few  rods  in  a  place,  and  devote  them  to  grass. 
Winter  food  for  the  stock  will  be  realized  with 
comparatively  little  labor. 

After  a  two  months'  drouth  the  rain  comes 
gently  but  plentifully.  Where  the  soil  has  been 
kept  "stirred  and  is  in  a  loose  condition,  the  rain 
will  all  be  absorbed  as  fast  as  it  falls,  but  where 
there  has  been  little  or  no  cultivation  because  it 
was  "so  drv,"  much  of  the  water  will  run  otf 
and  not  do  "the  plants  the  good  it  would  if  a 
mellow  soil  was  ready  to  receive  it.  Our  neigh- 
bor sto])ped  working"  his  land  because  he  was 
afraid  to  disturb  it  while  so  dry.  The  crops 
treated  by  each  of  ns  now  show  the  results  of 
the  two  methods.  The  neighbor  called  in  just 
after  dinner  and  was  surprised  to  see  us  all  busy. 
He  had  nothing  he  could  do  to  profit  he  thouglit, 
so  the  day  was  lost  to  work.  We  were  mending 
some  tools,  looking  over  onions,  &c.  He  re- 
marked that  he  had  not  thought  of  its  raining 
quite  so  soon,  and  by  forgetting  the  need  of  a 
little  ditch  bv  some  "turnips  he  had  sown  not 
long  before,  hilt  which  had  come  up  nicely,  the 
water  had  run  across  the  small  patch  and  did  not 
a  little  harm. 


*'  Well,"  said  I,  "  why /f;n,f(^(  when  it  is  so  easjr 
to  keep  a  memorandum  of  everything  to  be  done, 
even  if  weeks  in  the  future.  When  I  see  any- 
thing that  is  to  be  done  and  I  cannot  do  it  at 
once,  I  note  it  in  ray  book  that  I  always  carry 
with  me.  If  but  a  leaf  of  paper  and  pencil  itt 
one's  pocket,  there  can  be  no  excuse  for  forget- 
ting necessary  work." 

This  is  a  rule  every  one  should  adopt  if  time, 
labor,  am)  loss  in  values  are  desiret!  to  be  saved. 
When  one  lias  the  many  items  of  work  where 
they  can  be  read  at  a  moment's  wish,  that  wliich 
is  most  needful  can  be  selected,  and  no  time  lost 
in  thinking  of  what  to  do.  Habit  will  soon 
make  this  an  easy  duty,  and  by  it  so  many  little 
unnamed  items  will  be  remembered  in  time,  that 
soon  it  will  be  seen  that  there  is  excellence  in 
all  timely  labor. 

Thud,  "thud  fell  the  strokes  upon  the  well- 
filled  and  easily-shelled  heads  of  grain.  The 
noise  could  be  "heard  only  a  short  distance,  be- 
cause the  threshing  was  being  done  on  the  ground. 
The  grain  had  been  drawn  when  but  Jittst  boundi 
up,  and  not  being  over-ripe,  did  not  shell  out 
much,  and  at  once  set  up  in  small  shocks  where 
it  was  to  be  threshed  out.  There  was  no  Hoor, 
foi'  the  barn  was  but  a  stable.  A  stack  of  hay- 
was  put  in  a  long,  square  form  near  the  graiit, 
and  one  day  one  of  the  boys  suggested  in  a 
timely,  yet  unsuspecting  way,  that  "  by  the  side 
of  that  stack  was  a  gootl  place  to  make  a  simxith 
place  to  thresh  it  out."  Dry  dirt  was  being: 
gathered  tor  the  stable,  so  the  top  of  the  .soil — 
say  two  inches  deep — was  taken  ^ift'  wj^th  a  long- 
handled,  square-edged,  sliarji  shovelifilcd  for  the 
))urpose).    This  was  not  far  froiu/Jflrge  oak  trees,. 

Tlu;  soil 
uittiug  oS 


wheu  the 
pelt  out  tne  rye/  tUat  we  preferred 
to  thresh  with  the  flail,  .so  the  straw  could  be 
saved,  we  spread  down  a  square  of  common 
muslin,  sewed  together  in  four  strips,  24  x  12  feet. 
.Ground  the  edge,  on  three  sides,  we  laid  bundles, 
with  the  lieads  just  reaching  to  the  edge  of  the 
cloth,  that  all  tlie  grain  that  was  scattered  away- 
would  not  fall  on  the  ground,  and  besides  muca 
of  these  bundles  would  be  well  shelled  out  by 
the  walking  over  thenl,  and  occasionally  iiound- 
ing  as  we  threshed.  We  hung  out  rope  along  the 
side  of  the  stack  by  pegs  stuck  in  the  hay,  andi 
on  this,  with  clothes  pins,  fastened  bags  like  at 
curtain,  that  prevented  the  grain  loilging  in  its. 
sides,  thus  we  saved  much  of  the  little  harvest, 
probably  not  a  half-peck  was  wasted.  The 
grain  was  very  dry,  whenever  we  had  seen  any 
inclination  of"  the  shock  leaning  over,  or  a  top 
coming  off,  it  was  at  once  fixed,  so  no  straw  was 
blackened  by  lying  on  the  ground,  nor  showers 
soaking  uncovered  grain.  Even  in  our  little 
harvest  excellence  responded  to  labor. 


TOBACCO    CDLTtJRE. 


£y  Tlios.  D.  Baird,  Qreenvilfe,  Ky.. 


The  first  requirement  for  a  successful  crop  of 
tobacco  is  plenty  of  good  plants,  and  to  secure 
these  I  select  a  rich,  rather  sandy  loam  in  bottom 
land  ;  at  or  near  water  courses,  is  best.  Such  la.ifl 
is  rich  enough  without  manure  to  grow  gooi» 
plants.  To  manure  the  beds  too  much  niake» 
the  plants  tender,  and  less  likely  to  live  when 
transplanted.  If  brush  is  handy  I  make  a  heap 
and  burn  it  at  a  blast,  but  if  brush  is  not  conve- 
nient after  raking  off'  the  ground,  green  poles  are 
laid  five  or  si.x  feet  across  the  bed,  to  serve  as- 
ventilators.  Wood  is  piled  on  these  across  one 
side  of  the  bed,  six  or  seven  feet  wide,  of  sufB- 
cient  quantity  to  burn,  and  then  set  fire.  After 
it  has  burned' the  ground  sufticiently  it  is  moveA 
on  the  poles  another  width,  and  more  woodi 
added,  and  so  on,  until  the  ground  is  burned' 
over.  I  am  careful  not  to  burn  the  ground  toO' 
much.  As  soon  as  the  ground  is  cool  enough  it 
is  dug  up  some  three  inches  deep,  and  the  soil 
well  pulverized,  all  roots  are  carefully  raked  oil'. 
The  bed  is  marked  oft'  so  as  to  sow  the  seed  more 
regular.  The  seed  is  ]nit  in  about  one  quart  of 
cold,  sifted  ashes,  before  sowing,  about  one  and 
a  half  spoonfulls  of  seed  to  thirty  feet  square. 
After  the  seed  is  sown  if  the  soil  is  tramped  with 
tlie  foot  to  firm  the  soil,  the  seed  will  germinate 
better.     The  bed  should  be  covered  with  brush 


100 


Scrnp  Pictures,  no  2  alike.  *_5et  Of  4  liiree  Adv. 
cards  for  10c.    C.  C.  DkPUT,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


5CTS  (l/iPRICE)2  ANTI-RATTLERS  (MAIL) 
WANT  AGENTS    H/I0!1EY8.C0.  LAGRANGE  ILL 


Saj^^^^lj  a  WLt^W nimslhnrnunhlylnnflhl 
n\JW\.  I  nniVUbviiinil  or  perNonnlly. 
itimtiiins  procured  for  pupjl?  "„hf:i  competent, 
end  for  Circular.  W.  G. CHAFFEE. Oawego.N.  Y. 


PI-ORAI.  WORLD,  superb,  illsfd.?!  montlily  free 
•  1  year  Now  for  ttiis  ad.  and  Mc.  Highland  Park,  111. 

Cn  GRAINS,   Northern-srown.     New  Tpsted 

rU  («bu.  piM-  A.l  WhfUl.  funs.  Ciirii.  Potatoes, 

etc.  PiireS|.<"rts<'liPiip.  Plains  by  lljciiisHiids.  t'at- 

alogile  free.  J.  F.  SAL.ZER.Ln  Crosse,  \\  is. 


SE 


TITT?  "m?QTan^  Olienpest  PEACH  TREE* 
XflJ!i  OXaOI.  are   grown   bv   lYIansfield    Efck: 

Lebanon.  N.  J.    I  will  senrt  this  fall,  on  reetipl  or<(6,  lOO  irccs^ 
♦&0,  1000  trL-ea.    6  feel.  No  charge  for  boxes.    Wriu;  for  rarletiea- 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


to  keep  oif  stock,  and  to  shield  from  keen  frosts. 
This  brush  must  be  removed  after  the  plants  get 
of  some  size. 

The  best  soil,  according  to  my  experience,  for 
growing  tobacco  is  a  ricli  loam  of  a  red  color. 
Black  loam  is  inclined  to  make  dark  tobacco. 
The  ground  sliould  have  a  liberal  dressing  of 
well-rotted  manure.  The  soil  sliould  be  broken 
deep  and  tliorou^dily  pulverized.  If  a  good 
breeze  comes  after  the  first  breaking',  all  the 
better,  it  will  clear  the  soil  of  cut  worms. 
Mark  off  three  feet  and  a  half  eacli  way.  In 
making  hills  be"iu  at  one  side  and  make  a  cross, 
and  then  walk  back ;  in  this  way  tlie  hills  are 
made  more  reijuhir.  To  make  a  cross,  both  going 
itud  coming,  the  hill  will  be  zigzag.  In  setting 
I  ])reter  a  medium  season  to  a  heavy  one,  if  to 
be  had.  If  I  can  have  a  choice  of  plants  I  would 
take  a  yellowish  looking  plant  of  a  stocky 
gn,)Wth,  "they  will  live  better  and  take  root  in  the 
soil  sooner,  I  think.  Avoid  a  long  shauky  plant, 
it  will  not  give  satisfaction. 

Tlie  cultivation  should  commence  as  soon  as 
the  plant  begins  to  grow.  The  soil  should  be 
loosened  around  the  plant  with  a  hoe,  care  should 
be  used  not  to  break  the  plant  loose.  Tobacco 
should  be  cnltivated  once  every  week  until  too 
large  to  get  between  the  rows  with  a  horse,  and  it 
will  make  heavier  and  finer  crops.  From  my 
experience  in  growing  it  I  find  there  is  a 
certain  stage  in  its  growth  that  it  should  be 
topped  to  make  the  best  tobacco.  If  ygu  .^vill 
notice  the  first  four  or  five  leaves  grow  smaller 
as  they  near  the  top,  trim  off  these  smaller' 
leaves  at  the  bottom  as  soon  as  the  plant  can  be 
topped  at  ten  leaves  above,  then  we  have  the 
best  part  ot  the  plant.  Some  growers  top 
tobacco  at  sixteen  leaves,  but  from  observation 
in  this  respect  I  find  tobacco  not  so  heavy  or  as 
large  leaf  by  tliis  plan,  besides  having  more 
leaves  to  work  and  strip. 

Due  attention  must  be  given,  to  worming. 
Destroy  all  eggs  that  can  be  found.  They  are 
usually  on  top  of  tlie  leaf  It  is  more  tedious  to 
keep  the  small  worms  otf,  but  if  they  are  left  to 
grow  larger  they  injure  the  tobacco  more,  and 
worm-eaten  toljiicco  is  not  only  injured  in  looks, 
but  loses  in  weight.  Keep  the  suckei's  off,  that 
the  strength  of  the  roots  nuiy  go  in  the  leaf 
Tobacco  will  usually  sucker  four  tfnies,  but  will 
Bucker  at  the  ground  until  cut,  or  rather  until 
the  roots  die  they  must  be  kept  od'  until  the 
tobacco  is  cut,  I  have  left  them  to  grow  some- 
times when  my  toliacco  was  late,  they  cause  the 
tobacco  to  ripen  earlier,  and  they  do  not  draw  as 
heavily  as  the  first  suckers. 


A  TOOL  HODSE. 


Dy  TI'.  D.  Boijnton,  AppUton,  Wi3. 


Very  few  farmers  have  a  place  built  and  de- 
signed expressly  for  the  storing  of  tools,  while  it 
must  be  admitted  that  there  is  quite  a  large  class 
that  do  net  furnish  any  shelter  at  all  for  their 
farm  im]ihnients.  The  mower,  the  horse-rake, 
the  harrows,  plows,  and  seeders,  are  found  along- 
side the  fence,  or  behind  the  barns,  where  they 
are  exposed  to  the  sun,  rain,  and  snow,  during 
the  few  years  that  they  hold  together  when  so 
treated. 

The  more  prudent  and  intelligent,  who  have 
learned  by  experience  that  tools  exposed  to  the 
weather  will  not  last  more  than  halt  as  long  as 
those  that  are  kept  housed,  either  erect  a  building 
for  the  purjiose,  or  utilize  tlie  nooks  and  corners 
of  other  buildings,  wherever  available  space  can 
be  had. 

The  latter  method  is  by  far  the  most  common. 
We  find  farm  tools  stored  in  all  imaginable 
places, — the  wood-shed,  the  corn-crib,  the  barn- 
floor,  and  even  over  the  pig-pen,  or  in  a  corner  of 
the  stable.  This  is  much  better  than  allowing 
the  tools  to  remain  out  doors,  but  still  a  very 
inconvenient,  and  often  expensive  method  of 
storing.  Fowls  are  roosting  upon  or  over  them  ; 
stock  often  get  loose  and  are  injured  upon  them  ; 
while  they  are  more  or  less  iu  the  way  at  all 
times, 

A  building  designed  for  the  storing  of  tools  may 
be  built  at  very  s'uiall  cost.  The  construction  is 
so  simple,  that  any  farmer  who  can  use  a  saw  and 
liammer,  may  do  the  work  himself.  It  may  be 
in  the  &irni  of  an  inclosed  fine  roof  shed,  or  a 
neat  double  roof  building,  finished  to  suit  the 
taste  anil  iiurse  of  the  builder.  Whatever  it  is, 
it  should  be  storm  jiroof  and  dry.  I  have  seen 
many  tool  sheds  that  were  open  on  the  Irinnt, 
like  cattle  sheds.  These  may  be  very  convenient 
for  running  wagons  and  machinery  in  and  out, 
but  they  are  very  ]ioor  ]>rotectioii  against  driving 
storms,  whicli  in  winter  will  often  pile  such  sheds 
half  full  of  snow.  Swinging  or  sliding  doors 
should  be  provided  in  front  for  large,  heavy 
macninery  that  the  o^yner  does  not  wish  to  take 
to  ineces  for  storing. 


The  tool  house  should  have  a  good  solid  floor, 
so  as  to  avoid  the  dampness  from  the  ground, 
that  sometimes  seems  to  allect  the  whole  contents 
of  a  building  The  building  .should  be  deep 
enough  to  allow  reapers,  binders,  mowers,  horse- 
rakes,  wagons  and  buggies  to  be  backed  in  and 
completely  covered.  In  the  usual  narrow  shed, 
the  tongues  and  shafts  of  the  implements. must  be 
left  sticking  out  to  the  weather.  Twenty  feet  is 
a  good  dejjth  for  a  tool  house  or  shed.  The 
length  of  the  building  must,  of  course,  be  gov- 
erned by  the  amount  of  machinery  to  be  housed. 

A  work  sho]i  partitioned  otl'  one  end  of  the 
building  is  a  very  convenient  arrangement,  as 
there  is  always  more  or  less  repairing  to  be  done 
in  connection  with  the  machinery.  With  a  little 
practice,  and  a  full  set  of-  jols  for  the  work,  the 
farmer  could  save  many/-  the  dollars  that  he  is 
annually  paying  to  the  ier  and  blacksmith, 
and  that  too,  during  Wtii-i^vi  when  he  could  not 
work  iu  the  field. 


MY  EXPERIMENTAL  PLOT. 


Sy  Thoihas  D.  J>aint,  QreenviUe,  Ky. 


From  two  unavoidable  circumstances  my  e.x- 
]ierimental  plot  will  not  be  as  interesting  as  I 
had  hoped  to  make  it.  From  a  long  continued 
wet  spell  the  grass  got  such  a  hold  that  I  had  my 
phit  idewed-'to-feiil  thevgress while  thcsivrt'^?;fs 
t^q  wet,  which  caused  it  tohake.  ami  I  was  taken 
so  badly  with  flieumatisni-X'coUld-  uut  take4»tes 
its  progress. 

My  early  cabbage  had  40  pounds  of  fertilizer 
broadcast  and  well  mixed  with  the  soil.  The 
ground  was  large  enough  for  600  hills,  IS  inches 
in  the  rows,  rows  ,S  feet  apart.  Fifty  pounds  of 
fertilizer  were  put  in  these  600  hills.  These 
cabbages  were  set  out  the  second  day  of  May. 
First  heads  used  June  27th.  The  remarkable 
feature  of  it  is  the  market  being  very  dull  the 
cal-ibage  have  not  all  been  sold,  and  those  yet 
standing  are  nice  hard  heads,  no  sign  of  bursting 
yet,  and  this  the  1.5th  ot  September.  They  are 
the  Early  JerseyWakefield  variety. 

My  Peas: — The  Farly  Sunrise  and  Clevelands 
First  and  Best  did  not  give  satisfaction.  The 
.Sunrise  had  a  large  bloom  but  did  not  mature  its 
fruit.  Bliss'  Abundance  and  Everbearing  peas 
were  splendid.  The  Abundance  w*ere  in  bloom 
six  days  earlier,  but  except  this,  I  saw  but  little 
difference  if  any.  The  vines  were  some  two  feet 
auda.hatf.high,  verv  riuik.  I  did  not-6tiek  thent- 
but  they'  will  do  better  with  sticks.  The  pods 
are  long  and  filled"  with  large  peas,  six  and  eight, 
peas  in  a  pod;  flavor  excellent.  With  me  they 
both  ceased  bearing  at  the  same  time.  Some  of 
the  vines  had  fifty  jiods  on  them  at  one  time. 

For  early  market  or  family  use  I  find  the 
American  Wonder  ahead  of  all  others;  of  good 
size  pods,  and  pea  of  excellent  flavor.  The  next 
is  Carter's  Premium  Gem.  This  jiea  is  not  as 
early  as  the  American  Wonder,  but  is  as  well 
flavored  and  more  ]>roductive  not  quite  as  large. 

My  onion  seed  was  sowed  29th  of  March;  three 
varieties,  Keil  Weathers  field,  Yellow  Globe, 
and  White  Giant  I'occo.  The  tops  were  dead  by 
the  middle  of  August,  with  bottoms  two  to  three 
inches  in  diameter. 

My  Beans  : — The  Canadian  Wonder  wa.s  a  very 
rank  grower,  pods  some  eight  inches  long,  filled 
with  large  beans,  but  with  me  they  were  tough 
and  not  very  productive.  Lemon  pod  proved  to 
be  a  very  heavy  vine,  bean  of  excellent  quality, 
very  prolific.  The  Crystal  White  I  find  to  be  one 
of  the  finest  snap  beans  I  ha\:e  met  with,  exceed- 
ingly productive,  retaining'tli'eir  juicy  succulent 


flavor  for  many  days  after  they  are  ready  to  pull. 
The  jiods  are  nearly  transparent,  very  fleshy  ;  iu 
habit  of  growth  they  are  very  bushy,  branching 
out. .  For  family  use  or  late  market  they  are  very 
tender  and  crisp  and  unexcelled. 

My  jiot.atoes  yielded  thus  : — Stem  e%d,  10  eyes, 
cut  any  way,  yielded  80  potatoes,  weighed  12 
jjounds';  middle,  10  eyes,  92  potatoes,  weighed 
IGi  pounds ;  seed  end,  10  eyes,  88  potatoes,  weighed 
15  pounds.  Eyes  cut  deep,-stem  end,  10  eyes,  94 
]>otatoes,  weighed  14^  pounds  ;  middle,  10  eyes, 
102  potatoes,  weighed  loi  pounds;  seed  end,  10 
eyes,  110  potatoes,  weighed  12i  pounds. 


THE  BEST  IS  BEST 


BiJ  Ehtn  E.  Hex/nrd,  Shiocton,  Wis, 


I  have  often  urged,  iu  the  various  periodicals 
devoted  to  agriculture  and  gardening,  to  wdiich  I 
contribute,  that  our  farmers  and  gardeners  should 
obtain  the  best  kinds  of  vegetables  and  grains, 
and  grow  nothing  of  inferior  quality.  I  have 
said  that  I  believed  it  to  be  the  best  of  economv 
to  ]iay  a  little  more, — or  a  considerable  more,  if 
necessary, — and  secure  seeds  of  improved  varie- 
ties. This  belief  I  repeat,  and  it  grows  stronger 
every  year.  I  have  attended  several  fairs  this 
fall,  and  in  my  conversations  with  our  best  farm- 
ers and  market  gardeners,  I  have  had  my  belief 
corroborated  by  a  narration  of  their  experience. 
Fmir  n5«V.Tl.SMhcr!!  ftira '  Ouegardener  tokl-  me  how 

every  Mil'qiirtber  now  OQ  the  much  ihore  he  luul  ob- 
list  will  nmke  the  Faflm  am>     .     ■         i   r        i  •     a  .  j 

.^*RHji»ihktaisestand  most  tamed  for  his  tomatoes  and 
inniientrarfStSKfs  papif.' '  (iiirlypeKS  than  aneighbor- 

It  is  but  a  mile  thing  to  &sk,      .  •'    *      ,  u      1       ^-  1 

inrt  we  are  an.vious  for  jou  lug  gardener  had,  simply 
wiiwit-  because  he  had  planted   a 

superior  variety,  while  his  neighbor  hail  con- 
tented himself  with  old  varieties.  He  had  been 
oliliged  to  jiay  more  for  his  seed,  but  the  crops 
had  sold  for  enough  more  to  make  up  for  all 
extra  expense  and  give  him  a  much  larger  jirofit. 
He  had  not  been  able  to  fully  supply  demands, 
while  his  neighbor  had  found  it  difficult  to  get 
rid  of  his  at  any  figure.  Another  man  told  me 
his  experience  with  jiotatoes.  He  had  invested 
a  gootl  many  dollars  in  superior  varieties.  His 
neighbors  had  told  him  he  was  foolish  to  do  so, 
for  the  kinds  they  intended  to  plant  were  just 
as  good,  or,  if  not  quite  so  attractive,  jierhaps, 
would  bring  just  as.  much  in  market.  He  had 
his  new  jiotatoes  on  exhibition  alongside  tlie  old 
ones  of  his  neighbore,  and  he  showed  me,  with 
comniendaWe  satisfaction,  a  large  numlier  of 
orders  that  he  had  taken,  while  his  neighbors  had 
not  taken  artfT'  He  knew  it  paid  to'  get  the  best. 

I  see  this  same  thing  illustrated  among  my 
neigUI>oc*iji.s.tock.  Some  of  them,  a  few  years 
ago,  concluded  that  it  did  not  pay  to'  keep  on 
with  "scrub"  cattle.  They  satisfied  theluselves 
that  it  was  a  paying  investment  to  get  a  better 
grade  of  cows  if  they  wanted  to  make  butter,  and 
that  it  would  pay  to  change  breeds  if  they  in- 
tended to  raise  cattle  for  market.  They  bought 
thoroughbreds  at  prices  that  made  them  the 
laughing-stock  of  their  less  progressive  neighbors. 
What  was  the  result?  It  brought  dollars  into 
their  Tiockets  where  they  had  only  had  shillings 
from  the  old  "scrub"  stock.  They  found  that  it 
cost  no  more  to  keep  the  better  grade  than  the 
inferior  one,  and  they  found  that  the  returns  in 
butter  or  beef  trebled.  They  can  sell  a  yearling 
for  more,  to-day,  than  their  conservative  neigh- 
bors can  sell  one  of  their  best  cows  for. 

It  is  the  same  witli  horses,  with  hogs,  with 
sheep,  witli  anything  you  rai-se  on  the  farm  or  iu 
the  garden,  be  it  vegetable  or  animal.  Buyers 
want  the  best  and  are  willing  to  pay  good  prices 
for  it, /or  they  recognize  the  fact  that  tlie  best  ig. 
the  cheapest. 


POTTED  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

FOR  SALE.  Jiimbu,  S1.0Q  a  diz.Ti;  FriiK-i-  of 
Herries*  SI.QOii  du/.eii:  Alnntic.  SI. 00  a  duz.  Dnii- 
Uoone.  laver  plants.  SI. 50  a  Hhi,  by  *xpr.-ss. 

JAS.  LIPPINC  OTT.  Jr.,  Mount  Holly.  New  Jersey. 


Mil  I  IMM  STRAWBKRK  Y,   R  LACK 
IVIILLIUll   UKRRV.  RASPBKRUV.aiul 


A    <'RAM5I:KI{  V    l'l>ANTS   lor   ¥n\\   Plant. 
^^^iii«:.    Varieties  PURE.     Packed  in  the  best  manner. 

2    Write  lur  cirnilar,  nii<l  sve  lAtw  Pric-t's. 
I.  A  J.  I..  LEO.\.\KI>,  lONA.NKW  JKK8EY. 
P.   S.— Medits,    LehuTiuit    County.    Ilukota.   April 
Sntli.  lSJ!i4.      "Ttie    lUHi  strawberry   planta  received  by 
express,  and  iu  npU'ikImI  coiulitioii." 


HOWTHE  FARM  PAYS 

BY 

William  Crozicr  and  Peter  Senderson, 

Just  Issued.  Anew  work  of  400  pages,  containing 
2"5  lUustratiuns.  Sl-uI  postpaid  f-^r  S.i,0O.  Table  of 
Contents,  showing  scope  of  the  worfc,  mailed  on  ap- 
plication. Agents  wanted  fur  this  the  most  compre- 
henisive  book:  oii  American  farming  ever  issued. 

PETER  HENDERSON  &  CO., 

81  &  37  Cortlandt  Street.  New  York. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

Free  Catalntiin-  t,'ivis  full  lirsrription  of  all  wortliv  of 
ctiltivatioii.  Pot  oi-  lim-r  plants  now  ready  Inr  Snni- 
nipr  or  Fall  pianiiny.  fruit  next  June.  Extra  stock  at  lair 
prices.    IIAI^K  ISHOS.,  Su.  (whistonbiiry,  Coiiu. 


PLANTS 

POTTED  TO  ORDER. 


STRAWBERRY 

All    tlie    BEST    mid    NKWEST    VARIETIES 

grown  )n  pots  for  Summer  and  Fall  planting.  PLANTS  GROWN 
TO  ORDER  AT  LOWEST  RATES.  Send  a  list  of  varieties 
wanted,  and  get  pnoes.  stating  number  of  eaoli  kind 

IRVING  ALLEN,  Springfield,  Mass. 


wanted. I 
Address 


POMONA  NURSERIES. 
PARRY  STRAWBERRY 

A  srtdltMi:  '^l.Tersey  Queen.     Vigorout 

grower,   perfect  flower.    Very  productive ;  most 
eautlful   bfigtit   color;    large   size;   highest  In 
color^anfl  lirm.  BEST  (orMAftKET  or  fAMILY  use. 
niAlf  MiOltO.  the  largct  earl«  Raspberry. 
^VIT.SON  .IK.,  the  largest  earlv  Blackberry.   MEADOUAR- 
TERS  FOR  KIETFER  PEARS.    A  complete  list  ot  Small  Fruit 
Plants,  (iriipes.  Ciirrnnrx.  tStc.   C.iTALOGUi;  free. 
W.U.  PAKKY,  PAKRY  P.  O.,  New  Jerney. 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


Ol^GHAI^D  AND  SMALL  Rl^UliPS 


THE  ■WILSON  JR.  ONCE  MORE. 

In  July  ^st  Wni.  Parry,  of  New  Jersey, 
brought  to  This  office  a  bunch  of  Wilson  Jr. 
blaciiberries  measuring  twelve  inches  across  and 
sixteen  inches  deep.  We  spoke  of  this  in  The 
Farm  and  Garden,  and  now  we  give  a  reduced 
picture  taken  from  a  photograph  of  the  bunch 
rSliown  us.  As  our  own  eyes  have  seen  it,  we 
imust  believe  it. 


A    PRACTICAL    MODE  OF    PLANTING 
BTBAWBBRRIBS. 


JBy  Chas.  S.  Rowlry.  Lacon,  Jtt. 

Before  a  plant  is  put  in  the  ground  the  planter 
should  inform  himself  as  to  the  pistilate  or  stam- 
inate  character  of  the  variety  he  is  using.  This 
is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  importance.  Pistilate 
varieties  are  special  kinds  whose  flowers  bear 
pistils  only,  and  have  no  stamens.  Many  of  our 
most  valuable  varieties  are  of  this  class,  and  sucli 
require  the  i)resence  of  a  staminate  sort  to  fertil- 
ize their  blossoms,  and  make  them  bear  perfect 
fruit.  Staminate  varieties  are  designated  also 
by  the  titles  of  perfect,  hermaphrodite,  and 
male;  and  in  catalogues  generally  have  the 
letter  "h"  or  "s"  to  distinguish  them  from 
pistilate  or  female  sorts,  which  are  usually 
marked  "  p." 

We  usually  commence  a  plan- 
tation with  from  one  to  eight  rows 
of  a  staminate  sort,  then  an  equal 
number  of  the  pistilate,  then  a 
repetition  of  a  staminate,  and  so 
on  through  the  plantation,  care 
being    giv- 

Lord  Nelson  hungoQt  the  flas  ♦l,.,f  *li,i 

on  the  battle  morn.     "  Eim-     '^"   '"'":  ', 
land  expects  every  man  to  do     outside 
blsduty."    WehopcTouivm     row  should 
think   It  Toiir  duly   to    help     ™™  srioiim 
increase  the  siihscription  li^t  b  e      stamill- 


The  plants  come  fresh  from  the  water,  and  so 
escape  any  of  the  ill  eft'ects  of  sun  or  wind,  so 
detrimental  when  dropping  a  long  row  ahead  of 
the  planter,  a  modi  which  I  most  heartily  con- 
demn. Having  come  out  in  a  fresh  state,  their 
roots  go  to  their  full  natural  depth,  in  cool  moist 
eartli,  especially  opened  for  the  reception  of  each 
plant,  and  immediately  closed  again,  in  a  firm 
and  solid  manner,  which,  if  well  done,  makes  a 
plant  as  firmly  set  in  its  new  place  as  it  was 
where  it  grew,  for  snch  a  plant  cannot  be  pulled 
out  easily,  often  breaking  in  two  before  it  will 
give  way  at  the  roots.  I  would  especially  recom- 
mend this  as  the  most  favorable  mode  for  fall 
planting.  W'ith  an  assistant,  I  have  frequently 
planted  5,000  strawberries  in  a  day  of  ten  hours, 
by  this  method. 

The  best  distance  to  set  strawberry  plants,  if 
for  field  culture  is  in  rows  three  feet  apart,  with 
the  plants  aati  ""*  '""'  apart  in  the  row. 
At  this  dis  iTm^tance  14,520  plants  will  be 
required  ^'  Iff^^S^''^''  ""*  "•''■'-'•  "^  ^^  '"'' 
one  rod.  y^^yM  ^^«^s,l*"'"'  ganlen  culture 
set        /!i\       Ir  sK"?S\    IvVv  '  li '-'  "1    one   foot 

apart  eacli  wav 

on  g»-od  soil, 

and    b  v 


or  ilic  Fa 


I   A.NO   GAKPS.-4. 


ate,  as  the 
first  were.  This  mode  guarantees 
the  proper  fertilization   of  all 
the  pistilate  varieties,  no  one  of 
which    will  bear   alone,  while 
the  staminate  .sort  will;  l)iil  it 
is  always  better  that  a  planta- 
tion  should  consist  of  several 
varieties,   both   male    and    fe- 
male.    We  plant  them  in  sec- 
tions,   of    alternate    sets    of 
rows,  so  that  (lure  plants  can 
be    dug    from    the    middles. 
Pistilates  may  be  safely  set 
as    far   as    twenty-four   feet 
from    the   staminate    and  re- 
ceive all  necessary  fertilization. 
This  being    fully    understood, 
we  come  to  the  planting. 

The  most  sini|)le,  easy  antJ 
practical  way  that  I  have  ever 
found  to  set  strawberries  ami 
plants  with  small  mots,  is  liy 
use  of  the  spade,  and  the  help 
of  an  assi.staiit.  In  using  the 
spade  all  contact  of  the  liands 
with  the  soil  is  avoided,  and 
though  the  ground  may  be  hard  and 
compact,  the  planting  is  not  obstructed. 
The  blade  is  set  at  right  angles  with 
the  line,  its  left  corner  being  nearest  to 
it.  In  this  position  tlie  blade  is  sunk 
to  the  guard,  alter  which  the  handle  is 
moved  back  and  forth  once  or  twice,  so  that 
when  the  spade  is  withdiawn  there  will  bean  ap- 
erture, in  the  shape  of  a  wedge.  In  making  these 
spaces  you  are  to  remain  on  the  right  hand  side  of 
the  line,  and  your  assistant  occujiies  the  opposite 
side,  carry  ing'in  his  left  hand  a  bucket  of  water  and 
plants ;  using  his  riglit  hand  to  grasp  the  plant  at 
its  collar,  with  the  tliumb  and  forefinger.  Giving 
the  plant  a  sudden  flirt,  while  its  roots  are  wet, 
will  spread  them  out  in  something  of  a  fan  shape  ; 
these  he  places  to  their  full  extent  in  the  aperture 
made  by  the  spade,  setting  the  crown  so  that  it 
will  be  just  at  the  surface  of  the  opposite  bank, 
in  which  position  it  must  be  held  while  you  force 
the  nearer  bank  orsideof  the  opening  next  to  you 
against  tlie  other,  by  ju'essing  with  your  foot, 
thus  enclosing  the  plant  in  the  solid  clasp  of  the 
vise-like  enclosui-e.  All  this  is  very  easily  done, 
requiring  but  a  few  moments  practice  to  become 
an  adept  at  it.  If  you  have  no  helper,  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  go  a  sliort  distance  over  the  line  at 
a  time,  making  the  spaces,  then  follow  witii  the 
bucket  of  plants,  holding  each  plant  in  jiosition 
while  closing  the  eartli  with  the  foot.  We  have 
set  a  great  many  thousands  of  plants  in  this  man- 
ner, and  find  it  not  only  simple  and  practical, 
but  also  the  very  best  and  most  successful  method 
we  have  ever  tried.  A  few  of  the  advantages 
gained  by  this  manner  of  planting  are  as  follows: — 


She  commenced  by  picking  out  all  the  canes 
which  were  wanted  for  the  principal  bearing 
branches,  and  placing  them  to  her  mind  ;  all  else 
was  rigidly  cut  away.  After  this  was  done,  all 
the  outgrowth  from  these  canes  was  cut  close  to 
each  cane,  leaving  not  one  Ixid  in  any  case. 
After  this  extraordinary  jiroceeding,  a  farmer 
neighbor  happened  to  call,  and  asked  who  had 
trimmed  the  grape  vines.  "  I  did."  was  the 
reply.  **  Well,"  said  the  neighbor  "  I  took  you 
for  a  woman  of  good  sense,  but  a  lunatic  could 
have  done  as  well  as  this.  "  Come  and  see  them 
in  the  fall, "was  the  cool  reply  of  Jlrs.  R. 

When  fall  came,  Mrs.  R.  happened  to  meet  the 
neighbor,  who  asked  after  the  grape  vines. 
"  Come  and  see  them,"  said  Mrs.  R.  The  neigh- 
bor came  and  when  slie  saw  the  formerly  barren 
vine  loaded  down  with  fruit,  her  astonishment 
was  great.  On  her  relurn  home,  she  sent  her 
husband  (versed  in  the  culture  of  the  grape),  to 
see  the  result  of  a  woman's  whim  in  trimming. 
He,  also,  was  astonished,  and  said  bad  he  seen 
the  vines  when  trimmed,  he  would  have  made 
the  same  remark  his  wife  had. 

So  Mrs.  R.  proceeded  each  year,  with  the  same 
mode  of  trimming,  with  excellent  results. 

Knowing  that  it  is  the  fibrous  roots  that  take 
up  nourishment  for  the  vine,  Mrs.  R.,  each  spring, 
draws  away  tlie  earth  from  about  these,  and  puts 
in  fresh  earth  all  about  them,  which  she  obtains 
m  under  the  grass  sod  in  a  neighboring  lot. 
"ter  this  is  done,  she  ttirns  the  sod  ujiside 
li>wn  over  the  roots,  this  is  in  turn  covered 
H  ith  the  garden  earth.     In  this  way 
the  strength  of  her  vines  is  renew- 
ed from  year  to  year,  and  show 
no  decrease  of  vigor. 

In  another  case  (at  Pottsville,) 

the  grass  cut  from  the  plot  which 

the   vines  bordered,  was   placed 

on  top  of  the  ground  aljout  the 

vines.    The  consequence  was  that 

these  vines  (the  Concord),  throve 

lid   bore    fruit,    while   those   of 

tlie  neighbors,  of  the  same  kind, 

were   either   winter-killed,   or 

were  barren  of  fruit. 


A  Cluster  of  the 

WitsoH  Jr. 
Blackberry. 

autumn  these  will^J^^be  a  solid  bed  of  plants, 
which  will  give  a  s  p  1  e  n  tl  i  d  crop  of  the 

finest  fruit  the  ensuing  season.  In  field  culture 
there  are  certain  practical  modes  of  culture,  and 
the  manner  and  time  of  renewing  the  plantations, 
that  I  have  not  space  to  give  in  this  article. 


TRIMMING  GRAPE  VINES. 


By  Anna  Qriacom, 


For  some  years  the  vines  had  been  regularly 
trimmed  by  experts,  and  once  by  a  skilled  ama- 
teur, who  finished  up  the  lr>iig  list. 

There  was  no  result  of  these  trimmings  but 
luxuriant  growth,  so  liixiiriaiit  as  to  )iroduce  the 
suggestitin  that  they  might  run  to  New  York, 
over  a  hundred  miles.  Discouraged  by  the  many 
failures  for  years,  Mrs.  R.  concluded  that  she 
would  now  try  the  trimming  herself  As  she  was 
a  good  logical  reasoner,  she  had  often  hit  on 
methods  that  were  not  only  original,  but  tpute 
successful. 


OLD  CURRANT  BUSHES,  AND  HOW- 
TO  IMPROVE  THEM. 

By  E.  E.  Bajard,  SMocton,  Wis. 

In  many  gardens  you  will  see  a 

of  currant  bushes  standing  along  the 

fence,  with  grass  growing  among  them, 

and  almost  hiding  them.    The  bushes  have 

to  fi^'ht  for  an  existence,  and   it  is  often 

a  wonder  that  they  do    not  give  up  the 

tniggle.      The  worms  take  most  of  the 

fruit,   which,    if  it  were    allowed   to 

ripen,  would  be  small  and  poor.    "I 

like  currants,"  a   farmer  said  to  me 

yesterday,  "but  it  does  not  pay  to 

try  to  raise  them,  they  do  not  amount 

to  enough  to   make  it  worth  while 

to  bother  with  them."    I  looked  at  his 

sickly,    starved   bushes,    and    mentally 

concluded  that    he    bad    never   "bothered" 

with  tliem  much.  ' 

The  currant  is  a  healthy  fruit,  ami  can 
be  grown  in  large  quantities,  with  hut 
little  trouble.  I  know  of  no  other  small 
fruit  which  will  produce  so  well  witli 
a.  moderate  amount  of  care.  Three 
years  ago  my  father  took  an  old  row  ot 
bushes  in  hand,  and  the  results  have  been  most 
gratifyin".  He  removed  the  grass  from  about 
them,' and  s)iaded  'he  soil  up  to  about  the  depth, 
of  a  foot,  working  in  well-rotted  manure  about 
the  plants.  Then  he  went  to  work  and  cut  out 
the  old  wood  from  every  bush,  leaving  only  the 
growth  of  that  year.  We  kept  the  plants  clean 
through  the  summer,  and  they  grew  wonderfully. 
They  said  to  us  as  plainly  as  if  in  words,  that 
they  were  willing  all  along  to  grow,  if  they  only- 
had  a  chance.  As  .soon  as  the  opportunity  was 
presented,  they  toc^k  advantage  of  it.  The  next 
spring  he  jiut"  a  hit  of  old  mortar  from  a  room 
wliicii  hail  its  plastering  removed  for  a  new  coat 
among  the  bushes,  and  this  helped  to  keep  the 
soil  light  and  open.  We  kept  all  weeds  down, 
and  no  grass  was  allowed  to  grow.  The  result 
was  a  large  crop  of  fruit,  and  the  fruit  was  so 
large  and  fine  that  many  of  his  neighbors  thought 
he  iiuisthave  planted  .^  new  variety,  and  asked 
for  cuttings.  This  proved  what  gootl  cultivation 
will  do,  and  that  is  simply  this:  That  it  will 
(ipparevlh/  work  "wonders.  There  is,  however, 
no  wonder,  and  nothing  at  all  strange  abnnt  it. 
Give  any  plant  a  fair  cliance  and  it  will  do  well 
under  proper  treatment  and  conditions.  While 
the  currant  bushes  of  our  neighbors  were  covered 
with  worms,  his  had  none,  anti  he  feels  sure  that 
their  exemption  from  this  pest  was  attributable 
solely  to  the  fact  that  the  ground  was  kept  free 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


from  weeds  and  grass  in  which  the  worm  lays  its 
eggs,  and  thus  perpetuates  its  existence  among 
the  bushes.  The  matted  grass  about  the  roots 
aflfbrds  it  a  good  lurking  place,  and  if  you  take 
it  away  he  will  seek  for  more  congenial  quarters. 
Last  year  he  cut  out  the  growth  of  the  year 
before,  leaving  only  the  new  gniwth  for  future 
bearing.  The  bushes  have  a  strong,  healthy  look, 
and  are  proofs  in  themselves  of  what  can  be  done 
toward  renovating  an  oUi  and  neglected  stock  of 
plants.  Instead  of  having  )ilarits  set  along  the 
fence  where  it  is  impossible  to  get  at  botli  sides 
of  the  row  with  a  plow  or  cultivator,  I  would 
have  them  set  where  it  would  be  easy  to  work  on 
both  sides  of  the  row.  Put  coarse  litter  about 
them  in  fall,  and  spade  it  in  well  in  spring.  Keep 
the  older  growth  cut  out,  aid  keep  the  ground 
clean  and  mellow,  and  you  can  raise  from  a  dozen 
bushes  all  the  fruit  an  averaged  sized  family 
will  care  to  use  in  its  season. 


WHO  TELLS  THE  TROTH  AND  WHO  DOES  NOT. 
[From  The  Farm  and  Garden  for  August,  1884.] 

Park  BecuUy  proves  to  be  Crescent  Seedling-  another 
variety  whose  poi)u]arity  has  emanaied  from  the  same 
source  as  the  Jumbo(?). 

[From  the  Fruit  Recorder  for  September,  18S4.'] 

We  are  always  willing  to  meet  any  fair  opponent,  hut 
when  men  like  J.  T.  Lovett.  of  N-  J.,  charge  us  with 
being  the  tirst  disseminators  of  the  "  Parlx  Beauty" 
strawberry,  the.v  state  what  they  kiiow  is  inrorrrct.  A 
glance  at  our  catalogue  will  show  that  Illiuuis  parties 
were  its  first  disseminators,  and  further,  we  are  not 
troubled  as  to  the  great  value  and  distinct  character  of 
the  Jumbo  strawberry  by  any  incorrect  statements  or 
comparison  he  (Lovett)  may  make.  The  animus  of  the 
whole  thing  is  too  plainly  seen  by  all  knowing  ones. 

*Do  I  say  in  the  above  that  the  publisher  of  the 
Fruit  E-coriler  was  the  first  to  disseminate  the 
Park  Beauty.  Nor  can  he  say  that  he  has  refer- 
ence to  .something  else,  as  the  quotation  from  tlie 
Farm  and  Garden  is  the  only  item  I  have 
penned  in  regard  to  the  matter.  Nor  can  tlie 
publisher  of  the  Fruit  iSccorJcr  truthfully  say  he 
is  not  the  person  wlio  gave  tlie  variety  popularity. 
He  claims  to  jinljlish  a  hundred  thousand  cata- 
logues and  gave  it  more  tlian  a  half  page  space 
in  last  springs  issue,  with  large  cut  running 
across  the  page  .showing  seven  berries ;  besides 
numerous  "  pufl's"  of  a  strong  odor  in  his  monthly 
catalogue,  otherwise  known  as  the  Fruit  liecordcr. 
The  animus  on  my  part  was  simply  to  warn  others 
not  to  pay  high  prices  for  these  old  varieties 
under  new  names,  as  I  had  done;  "merely  this 
and  nothing  more."  It  strikes  me  that  the  inten- 
tion on  his  part  is  so  lucid  that  one  does  not  have 
to  know  much  to  be  able  to. see  it.  Perhaps  when 
writing  his  retort  this  nolile  knight  of  the  quill 
did  not  expect  to  see  the  two  items  placed  beside 
each  other. 

J.  T.  Lovett, 

JAIHc  Silver.  N.  J 

A  DISH  OF  GRAPES. 

At  frequent  intervals  through  the  year  we  have 
treated  of  the  grape  vine,  its  importance,  and  how 
to  grow  it;  and  it  is  fitting  and  proi)er  that  we 
should  sit  down  to  a  dish  of  the  frtiit  of  the  vine 
as  the  season  is  closing.  It  is  not  g<iod  to  begin 
with  the  best.  There  is  the  "  Ives,"  the  bunch 
is  small  and  tlie  grapes  are  lew  anil  imperfect. 
In  some  localities  this  variety  is  considered  good, 
but  in  many  other  places  it  is  not  worthy  of  the 
name  it  occupies  in  the  vineyards.  The  "  Irving  " 
seems  to  be  too  late  for  many  places  along  the 
fortieth  degree  of  latitude. 

The  "  Taylor  "  is  more  noted  as  a  folia,ge  grape 
than  for  its  fruit.  The  clusters  are  small  and 
generally  sour.  It  is  good  for  wine  and  lias  lu-en 
the  parent  of  some  fine  Southern  seedlings.  If 
you  wish  to  grow  a  grajic  vine'  for  a  fine  shade, 
try  the  Taylor. 

'  Some  clusters  of  the"  Herbemont,"  grown  in  a 
Northern  vineyard,  are  before  us,  and  will  remain 
there  as  far  as  the  eating  goes;  they  would  be 
safe  even  in  the  midst  of  a  group  of  grape-hungry 
boys.  This  is  a  Southern  grape  of  the  Aestioalis 
class,  and  thougli  it  does  not  do  well  at  the  North, 
it  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  Southern  States,  where 
it  furnishes  the  basis  of  a  fine  wine. 

The  "Delaware  "  is  mnch  enjoyed  by  many 
but  we  do  not  find  that  it  satisfies  like  scnne 
others.  It  does  well  in  many  localities,  esjiecially 
the  East. 

Here  is  a  cluster  of  the  "  Catawba,"  and  all 
■who  have  tasted  a  well-grown  and  projierly 
ripened  berry  of  tliis  sort  know  how  fine  it  can 
be.  The  superiority  of  "Catawba"  is  only 
equalled  by  its  unreliability  ;  it  does  its  best  only 
in  the  most  favored  jilaces.  Rv  its  side  is  a  clus- 
ter of  the  "  Concord  "  This  is' the  best  known  of 
all  grapes,  and  is  truly  "  the  grape  for  the  mil- 
lion.' ^It  is  a  hardy  sort,  rampant  grower,  suc- 
ceeding wherever  any  grape  will  iirow-,  and  yields 
au  abundance  of  showy  fruit.  The  (pinlityis  not 
as  high  as  many,  but  this  lack  is  balanced  by 
other  important  qualities. 


The  "  Wilder"  has  most  of  the  good  qualities 
of  the  "  Concord,"  while  the  fruit  is  larger  and 
much  better.  The  "  Barry  "  is  another  of  the 
Roger's  Hybrids,  closely  "resembling  the  "Wil- 
der," but  a  little  later. 

"  Martha  "  is  a  white  grape,  and  it  is  unneces- 
sary to  say  that  »-hite  grapes  are  raging  now  ;  it 
is  a  seedling  of  tUe  "  Concord,"  and  an  improve- 
ment upon  it  in  quality.  It  is  one  of  the  best  of 
white  grajies. 

If  you  want  all  the  foxiness  and  flavor  of.  the 
native  grape,  try  the  "  Perkins."  The  skin  is 
tough  and  a  pale  red  color.  The  plant  is  strong, 
prolific,  and  the  berries  market  well.  While  in 
the  Amber  division  let  us  look  at  the  "  Salem." 
Mr.  Rogers  considered  this  one  of  his  best,  and 
was  the  first  one  of  the  Hybrids  to  receive  a  name. 
The  bunch  is  compact  and  the  berries  large.  The 
"Agawan,"  "  Essex,"  and  "  Lindley,"  all  resem- 
ble each  other  and  tlie  "Salem"  in  color  and 
general  appearance.  They  are  all  of  the  Rogers 
group,  and  valuable  additions  to  the  Amber  class. 

The  "  Clinton  "  is  of  the  Cordifolia  class,  and 
like  the  "  Taylor,"  a  rampant  grower  and  fine 
for  shade.  If  the  season  is  pi-olonged  the  fruit  is 
good,  otherwise  sour,  though  produced  abund- 
antly in  close  clusters.  The  "  Clinton  "  has  been 
the  parent  to  better  grapes,  and  like  the  "  Tay- 
lor" which  has  been  the  progenitorof  white  wine 
grape,  it  should  beheld  in  grateful  remembrance. 

The  "Enmelan  "  is  good  enough  for  any  one 
when  the  soil  and  season  have  done  what  they 
could  to  perfect  it.  The  clusters  are  not  particu- 
larly showy,  eitlier  in  form  or  size  of  berry  ;  but 
there  is  real  merit  witliin  the  dark  coats. 

The  "  lona  "  is  a  seedling  of  the  "Catawba," 
and  where  grown  to  perfection,  is  even,  better 
than  its  Amber  parent.  This  is  saying  a  great 
deal  for  a  grape,  and  is  about  the  same  as  saying, 
for  our  taste,  that  it  is  the  best  of  all  native 
grapes.  The  clusters  are  loose,  and  every  berry 
may  be  perfect. 


We  hope  this  dish  of  grapes  may  induce  those 
having  a  place  for  a  vine  to  plant  one  at  the 
earliest  opportunity. 

G.  Rapes. 

PO'KEEPSIE  RED 

Illustrated  on  page  1,  was  originated  by  A.  J. 
Cay  wood  &  Son,  and  is  being  introduced  by  John 
S.  Collins  of  Moorestowu,  N.  J.  A  cross  of  Dela- 
ware and  lona ;  vine  resembling  Delaware  in 
wood  and  foliage,  but  a  much  better  gi-ower;  will 
succeed  where  the  Delaware  will  not;  clusters 
average  from  size  of  Dela-  Turn  bacit  to  page  i.  ana 
ware  to  twice  as  large,  and    '«« iii«ibv  sending  u>  *  new 

,1  !•  i       .':   .      .,  names,  at  -Jo  cents  each,  vou 

in  excellence  Ot  IrUlt  is  the     can   g«   the  paper  for  your- 

first  one  ever  introduced  in  ""  "«« '"' "'"'  i'"- 
America  that  can  be  called  perfect.  By  perfect 
we  mean  nothing  olijectionable  in  it  to  eat,  in 
skin  or  flesh  ;  mnch  loetter  in  quality  than  Del- 
aware. The  best  wine-makers  say  it  makes  a 
higher  white  and  red  wine  than  any  American 
grape.  Originator  says  he  has  fruited  this  grape 
for  many  years,  Init  has  not  oft'ered  it  because 
of  the  jiropagation  and  dissemination  of  other 
new  fruits.  No  .grape  was  ever  before  so  widely 
known  or  wanted  before  sale,  and  w.anted  in  the 
North  because  of  its  extreme  earliness,  ripening 
its  whole  crop  here  in  August.  Is  hardy,  ripening 
its  wood  well  in  the  province  oi  Quebec. 


We  have  examined  the  apple  crop  in  parts  of 
New  Yoi-k,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  East  and 
West  Virginia,  and  are  compelled  to  say,  that 
the  fruit,  as  a  rule,  is  not  first-class.  The  most 
specimens  are  imperfect  and  very  inferior.  Here 
will  lie  a  great  temptation  to  put  up  unmerchant- 
able fruit  for  sale;  such  fruit  as  the  producer  is 
ashamed  to  expose  to  the  buyer's  eyes.  Do  not 
hide  it  in  the  middle  of  the  biirrels.  "  Grade  your 
fruit,  and  pack  uniform  quality  all  through  the 
barrel.     Be  honest,  and  Siive  your  reputation 


flDYBI^ipiSBMENinS. 


Please  mention  THE  FARM  AND  OARDEN. 


PEACH    TREES  suited  to  all  .sections.     APPLE  trees,  extra 

long  iteepiug  varieties.     Kietler  and  I.ocontc  Pears.     A  full  line  of  all 

kinds  of  .Xurser.v  Slock  clieap.     Trees.  Grape-vines,  SNiall  Fruit  and 

other  pluuLs  tiv  mail.     Catalog ucs  showius  how  and  what  to  plant,  free. 

HA.NUOLPU    PETEKS,  Wllmlnglou,  Delaware. 


Marlhnrn  Raspberry,  aud  New  grapes.bv  the  orig- 
inal lUUI  U  Inators.  A.  J.  Oaywoixt  dum.  Mnrllmro,  X.  1'. 


CIDER 

Presses,  Graters,  Elevators,  &c, 

BOOMER  &  BOSCHERT  PRESi 
CO.,  Syniciisf.  IV.  -y. 


UAUCCI  I    EAKLIEHT, 

ond    M»»T    PROFITABLE 

lta8pberry.  Send  lor  full  account. 

SMALL  FRUITS 

Enihrarine  all  varieties ;  also 
a  superior  stock  of  fruit  trees. 
Illust  rated  catalogue/rec  tell- 
ing how  to  get  and  grow  them 
J.  T.  Lovetl.  Little  Sliver.  N.  J. 


TUF   nUFAT  ^^'W    QlTINrE.  ••MEECH'S   PRO- 

inC    UntHI    Line."    T<erMl  fni  (ireular.    Largest 

stock  ot  .^liilbciT^  ill  the  roiiiitr>  .    <  ;i(:iI<>u'M'"^  l'>ee. 

HANCE  &  BORDEN.  Rumson  Nurseries.  RED  BANK.  N.  J. 


BULBS!        BULBS! 

BK.ST  I.MP01{Ti;i>  ANn  IlO.^lli  <iKOWN." 

ALSO  SEEDS  FOR  FALL  SOWING 

And  Plants  for  Winter  Blooming. 

Price-list  FREE.    «.  E.  SPALDING.  AINSWORTH.  IOWA. 


'^"•""'•'"'.CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS 


REGISTERED  I 

The  "CLOl'l)  BUANIC  ISKATS  THE  WORLD 

A  few  cliiiii-.-  LINCOLN  Buck  Lamb«.  Write  qui(-k  f.>r  what 
yuu  want.  EI>\VAI{I)  P.  CIjOI'lK  Kennell  Square,  Pa. 


GRAPE 


If  I U  COPo'keppsie  Red.UI- 
VinCOster  Prolilic. Fran- 
cis B.llaTeSfMoorf 'n  b^nrly, 

and  all  the  best  new  and  old  varie- 
ties, iriieto  name.  New  ^itraiv- 
berrieH*      Katmpberries,     etc. 


TUCKAHOE  NURSERY  AND  FRUIT  FARM, 

Caroline  Co.,  Mil.,  near  Hillstidruii;;!!.  Large  stork  Peach 
Treei,  Apglei.  Cberrv,  and  other  Nunen  Slock,  holh  Fniil  and 
Sroamcnlal.  Circular  tree.    C.  E.  JARRELL,  Hilliboroygh,  Md. 


PEACH  tre.es. 'v^rcr^x>'i' 

our  usual  heavy  stock  of  Peach  Trees.  (Purchasers  of 
l;irt:e  lots  should  correspond  with  us.)  Also,  all  kinds 
uf  Fruit.  Shnde.  and  <trnHnientnl  Trees,  nnil 
Sinnll  Fruit  PlantM.  ftirWe  i-an  supply  a  limiieti 
quantity  natural  Southern  Peach  Seed,  tiathered  ex- 
pressly for  us  by  our  special  agent.  Uualitv  Kuarant€ed. 
1>AVID   BAIRD  &  80N,  Mannfupan,  N.  r. 


WHITNEY,  Nurseryman,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


40 


nS84>  Chromo  Cards,  no  twoalike.wlth  name,  lOc, 
13  pks.,  §1.00.    GEO.  I.  REED  &  CO.,  Nassau,  N.  Y 


PEAR  AND  OTHER  TREES. 

NEW  BERRIES  (^JIIS^tS) 


Marlboro  Raspberry. 
EARLY  CLUSTER  BLACKBERRY. 

catalogue  Free.     JOHN  S.  COLLINS,  MOORESTOWN.  N.  J. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

I    FINCHS'  PROIilFIf.  MANCHESTER,  JER- 
SEY QI  EEN,  AND  PRi:>IO. 

Choice  New  and  Old  Small  Fruits.  Greenhouse  Planta.  eU:,,  etc.     See 
Illustrated  Catalogue,  free. 

_    GEO.  li.  MILLER,  Ridgewood  Nurseries. 
^  Stockton,  Qliio. 


iWflRLRnRn?*^"'^""-*"— — "'^*'^^— *^''*^^ 


free.  JUEL  llUKAtIt  &  »UN,Mercliaattlll«;,K.J. 


B 


ULBS,  ROSES,  SMALL  FRUITS, 

GRAPE  mMFgfo'^ ran  Planting. 
FREE   CAT^rfTOGUE.  telling  how 


.leaply  yoa  can  set  them  br  mail,  addre: 
WM.   B.   REED,  CHAMBERSBURC.  PA 


*OQ  PER  WEEK  SELLING  my  Watches,  Norionas 
V'J*'  Jewelry,  etc,  48:Pag»'  Cataloeue  tree.    Addres, 
G.  M.  HANSON,  Cbicaeo,  III. 


S.  W.  STERRETT,  Bamitz,  Pa., 

(i.ower  of  choice  SEED  OATS,  CORN,  WHEAT, 
and  POTATOES.    CataloBue  free. 


Dl  IICDCDDV  -^  valuable  fruit,  succeeds  on  all 
DLIICDklinl  I  s<>>'''^<  ^"d  is  a  protltable  fruit  to 
— *" — '"■'      Two  dozen 


grow  for  mark**t. 

iilaiits   by   mall,   $1.00,     Descriptive   price-list   free, 
UEI.OW  STAPLES,  Welt  Scbcwa.  Ionia  Co.,  Miclilgan, 


TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS. 

GRAPE  VINES  and  SMAL,!.  FRUITS. 

Heavy  (iStook,  Oreut  Variety,  Low  Prieea,  Free  Cata- 
loffue.  J  .  JENKINS,  M'lnono,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio. 


is3«  i?s4.    THE  LARGEST 

A.M»  MOST  BEAUTIFUL 

RiptMiiui;  in  Central  New  York  early  lo 
'July,  ami  sells  at  highest  prices.  Send  Ibr 
history ol  Original  Tree.  100  yvs,  old. 
HSr  Headquarters  for  KIEFFER 
Pearr*,  PARRY  Strawberries, 
WII,SON  .JUNIOR  Blnckberrics. 
.tl.tlM.uuRO  KaKpbcrrirs.  and  GRAPES. 
WILLIAM    PARRY,    Porrj    P.O.,  Jiew  Jersey. 


6 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


OUi^     LOWBr?  Gai^den. 

October  is  the  very  best  month  for  iilanting 
winter  or  spring  blooming  bulbs,  whether  in  the 
garden  or  tor  blooming  in  the  house.  A\'e  have 
also  spoken  about  several  varieties  in  our  last 
number,  and  will  devote  our  floral  space  in  this 
number  to  several  others  which  will  be  found 
very  useful  and  attractive,  as  well  as  ornamental. 
Among  the  best  we  may  mention  the 
Narcissus. 

It  is  a  very  fine  class  of  early  blooming  flowers, 
including  tlie  well-known  Daffodil  and  Jonquil, 
llost  of  the  varieties  are  hardy,  and  sliould  be 
planted  in  the  autumn,  like 
w"l?',"  c'"*..gp'o"ra-Jr  the  Hyacinth,  but  may  re- 
teiii  Toil  tiie  iuiporuincc  of    main  in  the  ground  anum- 

TotlnK  for  Ihcm.  take  around     ,  j,  '^        f  i   -    i 

•  copjof  tiioK.BMA^uGAR.    ber  ot   years,    alter  which 
Dl!^■,  and  gii  buijscriptious.    {(jgy  ^.j)!  becomc  SO  matted 

One  friend  sent  us    (*0   w\r     ,       •..  .  ,  ... 

Dames  taken  on  last  election    together  as  to  make  a  divi- 
*i*y-  sion  of  the  roots  necessary. 

Thesinglc  Narcissus  is  e.ttremely  hanly,  and  pop- 
ular as  a  Ijorder  flower,  and  the  central  cup  being 
of  a  different  color  from  the  si.K  jietals, 
makes  thi;  flowers  exceedingly  attract 
ive.     Some  have  the  petals  of  a  liglit 
yellow,  and  the    cup  orange;     others 
Lave  the  jietals  white  and  the  cu])  yel- 
low ;  while  the  l^oet's  Narcissus  i.S'.n-- 
ci-ssus   Poeticua),   sometimes  calhvd 
Pheasant's   Eye,  is  snowy  wliite,  the 
cup   cream   color,   with   a 
delicate    fringed   edge    of      ^\ 
red,  which  gives  its  latter        *^" 
name.     The   double  varie- 
ties are  very  desirable. 
The   common   Daflbdil   is 
well    known    under    that 
name,  though  not  so  well 
known  by  its  true  name, 
"  Van  Sion." 

The  Polyantlius  Narcis- 
sus, however,  are  the  most 
beautiful  cla.ss  of  Narcis- 
sus. The  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  clusters  or  trusses 
of  from  half  a  dozen  to 
three  times  that  numlier. 
Like  the  otliers,  they  show 
even.'  shatle  of  ctdor,  from 
the  purest  imaginable 
■white  to  .  d  e  e  ]>  orange. 
They  are  not  (juite  hardy 
in  this  climate,  unless 
planted  in  sandv   soil  and 

well  covered  bijforc  winter,  and  then  they  often 
fail ;  but,  for  flowering  in  pots  iutlie  house,  they 
are  un>nrpassed,  and  nothing  can  be  more  .satis- 
factorv  for  this  purpose.  They  will  also  flower 
well  in  glasses  of  water,  like  tlie  Ilyacintli,  and 
it  is  desiraljle  to  grow  a  few  tliat  way. 
MCSCAKI.  (Grape  Ihjacintli], 

These  are  verv  pretty  bulbous  plant.s  of  the  lily 
familv,  all  of  tlie  easiiist  culture  ami  flowering  in 
spring  and  early  summer.  They  can  be  planted 
out  iiTtlie  garden  where  they  \yiU  do  ytjry  nicely, 
or  be  grown  as  window  plants  in  pots  or  bo.xes. 
In  all  cases  thev  thrive  best  in  rich,  deep,  sandy 
loam,  and  are  I'asilv  multiplied  by  separation  of 
the  bulbs.»vepy  three- y«ar9.'M.  IJotryoides  i^  a 
well-known  aiid  deservedly  favorite  bulb,  which 
has  distiiietlv  dressv  appearance,  from  its  while 
teeth  on  its  IJlue  globose  clusters.     It  grows  about 


of  a  beautiful  mauve  color  bearing  a  close  resem- 
blance to  purple  feaihers,  being  cut  into  clusters 
of  wavy  filaments.  Tliough  com])aratively  speak- 
ing, this  species  is  imw  seldom  seen  in  gardens  it 
is  in  every  way  quaKficd  for  a  place  in  it. 
MrsK  Hyacisth.  [Muscari  Moscliulum). 

Has  in  clusters,  flowers  of  ^  dirty  yellow  hue, 
.and  very  inconspicuous,  but  it  amply  atones  for 
its  sho.-tcomings  in  tiiis  respect  by  its  delicious 
fragrance. 

MUSCARI   RACEMOSrM. 

With  its  dark  purjde  elnsteis  and  its  strong 
smell  of  plums  is  a  familiar  old  kind.  Its  leaves 
are  long  and  weak,  almost  lying  jirostrate  on  the 
ground  ;  whereas,  in  M.  Botryoides  and  its  varie- 
ties they  stand  boldly  erect.  It  will  hold  its  own 
anywhere,  and,  if  permitted,  will  spread  over  a 
good  deal  of  ground. 

kW  the  above' Muscaris  will  grow  finely  in  the 
house  under  various  modes  of  culture. 


SOSERILLA. 

nine  inches  in  height,  and  is  therefore  very  suita- 
biefora  from  lirle  in  aborder.  The  varieties  Pal- 
lidum and  .\llium  are  very  distinct  ami  even  more 
beautiful.  The  former  hiis  pale  sky-blue  clusters. 
Feathkr  Hyactnths.  (.V.  Com.  Jffonxlrosiim). 
Is  quite  distinct  from  any  other  Hyacinth, 
growing  one  foot  or  more  in  height ;  its  flowers. 


COLCHICrM    .\l-TrMXALE. 

Commonly  known  as  Autumn  Crocus.  The 
flowers  appear  before  the  leaves,  are  of  a  rosy- 
purple  color  and  rise  two  or  three  inches  above 
the  surface,  in  clusters  of  about  six.  It  flowers 
from  September  until  Xoveinber.  There  are  sev- 
eral varieties  of  this  plant,  the  principal  being 
the  double  purple,  white  and  stripeil ;  Iloseuni, 
Rose  Lilac,  striped  with  white ;  Pallidum,  ))ale 
rose  ;  Album,  pure  white  ;  and  Atropurpureum, 
deep  purjdc. 

COLCHICrM  Parkijjsosi. 

Is  a  most  distinct  and  beautiful  plant,  dis- 
tinguisheil  readily  fromany  of  the  foregoing  by  the 
peculiar  checkeri'd  markings  of  the  violet  purjile 
flowers.  It  also  produces  its  flowers  in  autumn, 
ami  its  foliage  in  spring.  All  the  colchicums 
are  well  suited  for  approiiriate  places  in  the  rock 
garden,  and  they  thrive  well  iu  any  soil,  provided 
it  is  not  too  poor'or  too  lieavy.  But  to  have  them 
to  perfection,  choose  a  spot  of  a  .sandy  character; 
in  fact,  such  a  spot  as  is  likely  to  dry  up  during 
summer,  here  they  will  luxuriate  anil  enjoy  the 
autumn,  winter,  and  early  spring  rains. 
Ixi.\S.      .   _ 

Prob.ibly  because  they  are  considered  tender 
and  require  treatment  under  glass,  these  charm- 
ing South  African  bnlbs  are  not  grown  as  much 
as  they  ought  to  be.  They  yield  an  abundance 
of  bright  bloom  in  snmnier  for  cutting.  For  cul- 
ture out-doors,  choose  a  li^'ht  loamy  soil,  thor- 
oughly drained,  and  with  a  due  south  aspect. 
Plant  from  September  to  January  at  a  depth  of 
three  to  four  inches  and  one  to  three  inches  apart. 
As  earlv  plantings  make  foliage  during  the 
autumn,"  it  is  necessary  to  give  protection  during 
severe  frosts,  ftfi'd  this  may- be  accoiMiiLislied  by 
hooping  the  beds  aver  and  covering  when'  neces-' 
sarv  with  mats.  Ixia  Jlacnlara  is  a  very  pretty 
variety  to  plant  in  pots  for  early  winter  blooming. 
Eanxxcuhs. 

ThePersian  Ranunculus  are  among  the  choicest 
of  garden  flowers  we  have,  and  are  now  used 
extensively  by  florists  for  forcing,  being.' for  the 
most  part,  of  the  simplest  culture.  The  varit=- 
ties  are  innumerable  and  are  divided  iiiti\  vari- 
ous sections,  such  as  the  Dutch,  Scotch;  Persian',- 
Turkish,  and  French.  Each  of  these  represents 
a  distinct  race,  but  all  are  beaiitifuland  well  de- 


serving of  any  amount  of  care  and  attention  in 
their  cultivation.  They  are  well  adapted  for 
cultivation  in  pots,  and  anywhere  or  in  any  posi- 
tion in  the  garden,  but  best  when  seen  in  bold 
masses.  The  culture  of  the  Ranunculus  is  gen- 
erally considereii  somewhat  diflieult,  though  it 
is  simple  if  a  few  essential  particulars  are  ob- 
served. The  soil  best  suited  for  the  Ranunculus 
is  loam,  thoroughly  mixed  with  a  third  of  its 
bulk  of  good,  decayed  stable  manure.  The  situ- 
ation should  be  open,  but  not  exposed.  The 
prepared  soil  should  occui)y  about  fifteen  inches 
in  depth  of  the  bed,  and  should  be  put  in  a 
month  or  so  before  planting.  This  takes  place 
toward  the  end  of  February  or  beginning  of 
March,  but  in  mild  localities  it  may  be  done  in 
•  •etolier,  if  good  protection  is  given  to  insure 
against  freezing.  Plant  about  li  inches  deep, 
jilaciug  the  claws  of  the  roots  downward,  ami 
about  5  inches  apart.  After  planting,  a  top- 
dressiug  may  be  given,  gently  beaten  with  a 
spaJe  to  olitaiu  a  firm  sur- 
face. As  the  Raininculu; 
delights  in  a  moist  soil, 
watershouldbe]ilentifully 
supplietl  if  there  is  a  de- 
ficiency of  rain,  ami  iu  no 
case  must  the  roots  be 
allowed  to  become  very 
dry.  Another  light  top- 
dressing  of  artificial  ma- 
nure or  guano  will  be  ben- 
eficial just  as  the  foliage 
develops.  AVhen  the  flow- 
ers are  passed,  and  the 
leaves  fade  away,  tiie  roots 
must  be  taken  up,  dried, 
and  .stored  in  a  cool  place  in  s.and 
until  next  jdaiiting  season.  If  left 
in  the  ground  after  tlie  foliage  is 
caved,  tlie  roots  are  injured  by 
I'ains,  and  are  pever  strong.  The 
Persian  varieties  are  the  finest  as 
regards  compactness  and  symmetry 
of  growth,  as  well  as  beauty  of  col- 
oring, Imt  the  Turban  (Turkish) 
varieties  are  of  a  hardier  constitu- 
tion and  freer  growth. 
.\N'E.MI)KES. 
This  highly-ornamental  class  of 
easily-cultivated  hardy  plants  is  be- 
coming better  known  and  more 
jio]>ularcach  succeedingyear.  Like 
the  Ranunculus,  they  are  well 
adapted  for  jiot  and  border  culture, 
and  among  early-flowering 
jilants,  are  unsurpassed  for  variety  and  richness 
of  color.  They  succeed  well  in  any  moist  and 
well-drained,  'fertile  soil,  and  are 'usually  set 
about  i5  inches  deep  in  ri>ws  G  inches  apart,  and 
may  be  planted  in  October  or  November.  For 
pot  culture  use  a  rich,  porous  compost,  and  secure 
L'ood  drainage.  Four  good  roots  are  enough  for 
a  five-inch  ))ot.  Set  the  pots  iu  a  cold  frame  or 
other  cool  situation  until  the  roots  are  started, 
after  which  they  may  be  removed  at  pleasure  to 
wherever  intended  to  bloom. 

There  are  many  different  varieties  of  Ane- 
mones, viz.:  Double  and  Single,  French  Double 
Chrysanthennim-rtowered  Anemones,  Anemone 
Fulgens  (Scarlet  AVind  Flower),  which  is  of  the 
richest  scarlet,  and  blooms  from  March  until 
May.  No  hardy  s]iring  flower  can  compete  with 
it  tis  regards  brilliancy  and  color,  which,  when 


Stanhopea  Ocitlata. 


lighted  up  by  bright  sunshine,  becomes  perfectly 
dazzling.  To' insure  success,  it  should  hnvea  libe- 
ral supidv  of  manure  incorporated  with  tlie  soil, 
which  shiiuld  lie  mulched  with  st.abic  manure  be- 
fore fro.st  sets  in.  Tlie  flowers  of  O.  Fulgens  will 
be  found  to  ex|)and  beautifully  in  water,  and  last 
fora  week  or  more  if  cut  w  hen  just  coming  into 
bloohi  and  keiit  in  a  luoderatelv  warm  room. 
■  .[ 

.  yO   I«fO£J«>t*3t     ^ 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


Snowdrops  {Galanthus.) 
The  first  flower  of  spring  is  the  delicate  Snow- 
■drop.  With  the  first  of  March  it  makes  it«  ap- 
(pearance  throiish  the  .snow.  One  never  tires  of 
its  modest  beauty,  whatever  may  be  its  snrround- 
in<»s.  The  leaves  corajilete  tlieir  functions  so 
«arly  in  the  year  that  they  may  be  planted  in 
grass  that  is  rejjeatedly  mown  as  well  as  on 
banks  in  pleasure  grounds  or  halfwild  places. 
The  Dulbs  may  be  inserted  a  couple  of  inches 
into  the  turf,  and  the  spot  afterwards  made  firm 
and  level,  especially  if  it  be  on  a  trimly-kept 
Jawn.  Tiiere  are  about  lialf-a-d(»zen  species  in 
cultivation,  all  of  which  bear  a  strong  resem- 
blance to  each  otlier.  The  common  G.  Nivalis  is 
recognized  by  its  dwarf,  narrow  leaves  and  small 
dowers.  The  Crimean  Snowdrop  (G.  Plicatiis) 
has  very  broad  leaves,  the  marijins  of  wliich  are 
curiously  turned  down  or  deflected,  and  the 
flowers  are  larger  than  tliose  of  Nivalis. 

Galanthus  Elwesi 
Is  the  finest,  ])erna|>s,  as  well  as  the  largest.  The 
flowers  are  almost  three  times  the  size  of  the 
ordinary  variety.  It  is  very  desirable  for  for- 
cing or  growing  in  the  house,  and  has  a  deli- 
cate fragrance.  Although  not  new  in  England, 
it  is  only  being  introduced  in  this  country  this 
year. 

The  Snowdrops  may  be  planted,  say  a  dozen  in 
<|uite  a  small  pot  or  saucer,  and  will  bloom  very 
readily.  They  are  perfectly  hardy,  and  may  re- 
main several  years  in  the  ground  without  being 
removed.     The 

SSOWFLAKE  (Lcucojlim) 
[I»--sometime3  called  the  large  Snowdrop,  from  its 
(resemblance  to  this  delicate  flower.  It  is  much 
flarger  and  more  robust  in  growth.  The  flowers 
are  white,  drooping  bells  marked  with  green 
both  inside  and  out,  and  are  produced  in  clusters 
of  from  four  to  eight  blooms  on  each  stem.  Tliey 
are  excellent  subjects  for  rockwork,  thriving  in 
any  rich  and  well-drained  soil.  Imported  bulbs 
!uake  little  show  for  the  first  year,  but  after  that 
itime,  when  established  in  sandy  loam  and  peat, 
in  a  somewhat  shady  border,  they  flower 
(regularly. 


The  Dotjblb  Stjnflower. 


Winter  Acokite  {Lryanthes  nyemulis.) 
A  valuable  small  plant,  with  yellow  flowers, 
surrounded  by  a  whorl  of  shining  green  divided 
leaves,  and  a  short  blackish  underground  stem 
resembling  a  tuber;  three  to  eight  inches  high; 
flowering  from  January  to  March.  It  grows  in 
any  soil,  and  often  naturalizes  itself  freely  in 
grass,  and  is  very  beautiful  when  the  flowers  peep 
in  early  spring,  looking  like  golden  buttons.  A 
few  roots  scattered  here  and  there,  will  soon  form 
a  carpet  glowing  into  sheets  of  yellow  in  winter 
or  spring.  We  may  so  enjoy  it  without  giving  it 
positions  suited  for  rarer  and  more  fastidious 
plants,  or  taking  any  trouble  about  it. 
Tkiteleia  Unifi.ora. 
This  is  another  bulbous  plant  that  deserves 
more  attention  tlian  has  hitherto  been  paid  to  it. 
It  is  delicately  colored,  free-flowering  and  hardy. 
The  dowers  are  of  an  iride-scent  white  with  blne- 
ish  reflections,  and  marked  on  the  outside  through 
the  middle  of  the  divisions  with  a  violet  streak 
which  is  continued  down  the  tube.  Tliey  open 
with  the  morning  sun.  are  conspicuously  beauti- 
ful on  bright  days,  and  close  in  dull  and  sunless 
weatlier.  They  come  into  flower  with,  or  before 
Scilla  .Siberica,  and  remain  during  the  last  days 
■of.\pril  still  in  effective  bloom,  when  the  vivid 
blue  of  the  Aquil  has  been  long  replaced  by  green 
leaves.  It  flowers  profusely  in  pots,  and  will 
flower  boldly  in  the  most  unfavorable  position. 
Tiiere  are  several  forms  whicli  differ  in  the  shade 
of  their  flowers.  For  rockwork  borders  or  edge- 
ing  they  may  well  be  recommended.  When 
jplanted  for  house  culture  four  or  six  bulbs  may 
we  placed  in  one  pot  in  a  medium  rich  soil  mixed 


with  some  sand,  and  this  may  be  done  during 
autumn,  keeping  them  first  in  a  cool  place. 
After  flowering  stop  watering  until  lall,  and  then 
plant  them  in  the  open  ground.  The  bulbs  are 
very  cheap  and  can  theretore  be  procured  in 
quantities. 

TULIPA  Geeigi. 

Of  all  the  known  species  of  tulip  this  is  perhaps 
the  most  showy  and  desirable  as  a  garden  plant. 
It  blooms  freely  in  April  or  May,  its  large 
goblet-shaped  flowers  being  generally  of  a  vivid 
.scarlet  color;  but  there  are  also  purple  and  yel- 
low flowered  forms.  The  bulbs  are  so  extremely 
hardy  that  they  will  withstand  with  impunity 
freezing  and  thawing,  and  even  when  the  leaves 
are  half-grown  they  will  endure  a  temperature  as 
low  as  zero  without  any  protection.  The  plant 
is  a  vigorous  grower,  attaining  a  height  of  from 
nine  to  fifteen  inches,  and  bearing  flowers  from 
four  to  si.x  inches  in  diameter,  wiien  fully  ex- 
panded ;  and  three  or  four  lance-shaped  glaucous 
leaves,  with  undulated  margins,  the  whole  of  the 
upper,snrfiice  being  boldly  blotched  witli  purple 
or  chocolate  brown.  Varieties  occur  without 
spots ;  and  withers  with  yellow  and  spotless  flowers. 
It  grows  freely  in  any  light  rich  soil  in  an  open 
sunny  position,  and  rarely  requires  transplanting. 
Any  one  who  admires  handsome  flowers  should 
not  fail  to  get  at  least  a  half  dozen  bulbs. 
The  Sunflower.  (Helianthus.) 

In  the  neighborhood  of  Philadelphia,  sunflow- 
ers have  been  grown  this  year  in  enormous 
quantities,  and  well  they  deserve  it.  As  an 
ornamental  plant  they  are  of  much  value,  their 
robust  growth  rendering  them  suitable  for  many 
situations  where  plants  of  smaller  growih  would 
be  quite  lost.  The  large  double  variety,  of  which 
we  give  an  illustration,  is  especially  desirable, 
not  growing  over  five  feet  in  height,  and  produc- 
ing dozens  of  flowers  on  a  plant. 

DiA^THU.s  Chinensis.  (Chimse  Pinl-.) 

This  species  has  given  rise  to  a  beautiful  race 
of  flowers.  It  is  an  annual,  biennialor  perennial, 
according  to  the  way  it  is  grown  or  sown.  If 
sown  early,  the  ]ilants  will  flower  the  first  year; 
if  late  the  second.  On  dry  soils,  if  the  winters  be 
milt.l,  it  will  live  for  two  or  tiiree  years.  The 
varieties  both  single  and  double  are  now  verj- 
numerous  and  beautiful ;  they  may  be  classed 
under  D.  Heddewigi  and  D.  Laciniatus.  The 
forms  of  Heddewigi,  the  Japanese  varietv,  are 
dwarf  and  very  handsome,  while  there  are  also 
the  double  flowered  forms  of  it,  particularly 
Piadematus  which  are  verv  double  and  large. 
The  laciniatcd  section  have  the  ))etals  very  deeply 
cut  into  fine  fringe,  and  of  this  cla.s3  there  are 
also  double  forms.  Sow  under  glass  in  February 
with  very  little  or  no  l>ott<mi  heat ;  give  air  freely 
during  open  weather  and  ]>lant  out  in  April  in 
well  cultivated  soil,  which  need  not  be  rich. 
Place  the  plants  from  nine  to  twelve  inches  apart 
each  way,  and  they  will  form  compact  tufts 
which  will  lie  covered  with  blossoms. 
Stanhope.*.  Oculat.^. 

This  is  the  most  curious  of  Orchids  and  one 
easy  to  nmnage.  It  is  always  grown  in  baskets, 
through  the  hottom  of  which  the  flower  stem  will 
creep.  They  are  strangely  shajied,  resembling 
some  kind  of  an  animal ;  the  color  is  creamy 
wnite,  spotted  with  violet  crimson.  The  fragrance 
of  the  flowers  is  so  strong  that  some  people  call  it 
sickening.  Being  of  the  easiest  culture,  we  would 
recommend  it  to  those  who  love  rare  flowers. 
Something  that  everybody  has  not. 
Dicentka. 

There  are  about  half  a  dozen  cultivated  species 
of  which  the  following  are  the  finest: — 

Dicentra  Chrysantha.  A  fine  plant,  forming  a 
spreading  tuft  of  glaucous  rigid  foilage,  from 
which  arises  a  stiff  leafy  stem,  three  feet  to  four 


feet  high,  bearing  long  branching  panicles  of 
bright  golden  yellow  blossoms,  each  one  inch 
long.  It  flowers  in  August  and  Septemijer,  the 
seedlings  do  not  bloom  until  the  second  year. 
The  hardiness  of  this  handsome  ]dant  has  not 
been  fully  tested  in  our  northern  localities. 

D.  Eximia  combines  the  grace  of  a  fern  with 
the  flowering  qualities  of  a  good  hardy  perennial. 
It  grows  from  one  foot  to  twelve  feet  high,  and 
bears  its  numerous  reddish-pnrjile  blos-soms  in 
long  drooping  racemes.  It  is  useful  for  the  rock 
garden  and  mixed  border,  and  enjoys  a  rich 
sandy  soil. 

D,  Formosa  is  similar  to  the  preceeding,  having 
also  fern-like  foilage,  but  is  dwarfer  in  growth, 
the  racemes  are  shorter  and  more  crowded,  and 
the  color  of  the  flower  is  lighter. 

D.  Specabilis  is  a  beautiful  and  most  import- 
ant plant  for  the  garden  decoration.  It  always 
elicits  admiration  when  it  is  seen  in  bloom,  and 
although  it  is  so  well  known,  we  cannot  help 
referring  to  it  again,  now  that  it  is  a  good  time  for 
planting  the  roots,  r.rat  least  in  afew  weeksl'rom 
now.  Its  singularly  beau- 
tiful flowers,  which  open  in 
early  summer,  gracefully 
susjiended  in  strings  of  a 
dozen  or  more  on  slender 
stalks,  resemble  rosy  hearts, 
and  have  received  from  many  the  name  of 
bleeding  heart. 


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If  you  will  Md  your  fellow 
subscribers  lu  niakiDg  tliia 
Te^ir  four  times  as  large. 


Dianthu.s  Chinensis. 


It  succeeds  best  in  warm,  light,  rich  soils,  in 
sheltered  positions,  as  it  is  liable  to  be  cut  down 
by  late  Spring  frosts.  There  is  a  "white"  vari- 
ety, by  no  means  so  ornamental,  now  offered  by 
several  prominent  florists  which  is  worth  growing 
for  variety  sake.  Plants  of  Diecentra  Spectabilia 
can  be  procured  at  very  low  figures,  and  nothing 
will  better  repay  a  little  outlay  than  this  pretty 
species. 

Tritonia  Afeea. 

Though  usually  grown  as  a  greenhouse  ))lant, 
it  is  a  valuable  open  air  flower.  The  bulbs 
should  remain  out  of  the  ground  as  short  a  time 
as  i>ossible.  They  are  not  entirely  hardy  aud 
therefore  require  a  good  ]»rotection.  The  brilliant 
color  of  the  flowers  make  them  very  desirable. 
Sonerilla. 

On  the  opposite  page  we  present  a  small  cut  of 
this  beautiful  wardian  case-kj>lant,  to  siiow  its 
habit  of  growth.     We  have  described  it  before. 

A  Spray  of  Tea  Koses 
Is  always  welcome  in  winter.     Few  people  know 
how  readily  j)]ants  can  be  forced  into  bloom  by 
Christmas  or  New  Year.     Loot  over  our  former 
numbers  and  trv  it. 


Mfll    f%     CI    /\UfPDQ  ''^"''    <"oItiration. 

Ferns,  .\lpinf.  &c.    SEND  I  i  Ht  (  ATAI.uCiUE. 
EDWARD  GILLETTE,  SouthwUk,  Mn„t 


NIGHT-BLOOMING 
CEREUS.— 

Our  offer  of  this  attractive  plant  in  July  has  attracted 
so  much  interest  th»t  we  renew  it  now.  For  6H  cents 
we  will  send  by  mail  1  fine  plant  nf  Nisht  ISlooni- 
ine  CereuM  and  the  Fann  anil  Gat-den  1  jear,  or 

we  will  send  the  plant  alone  for  40  rts.  -fSiamps  taken. 

FARiU  AND  GARDEN,  Philndelpliia,  Pn. 


CACTI 


"■"■'""ITEXAN" 


PLftNTSL' 


MEXICAN 

_    ..ofare.  Strunc*'-w<''rd 

forma.    Flowers  of  eiqalnlte  beauty  anrf  IruBranec. 

Can  ship  safely  tho  year  round.  A  rt..\\rr  l.>r  '■\-t\  -ra-on  and 
clime.  Dozens  of  sorts.  Small  sample,  wll  r.".(.  •!,  M\c.,  worlh 
ftto.:  nr  S  Strntm  s|ii:cimen^.  none  alike.  A2.<M>.  Thousands 
of  dellffhtcd  Northern  customer*.  Free  to  you  ii  yi>ii 
name  this  paper.  Cntalosue.  hundnomely  Illustrated, 
f-llinc  all   alH.iU  Cacti.     N-'thing  lik-  ii  i-.i  -^.rth.     Write  now. 

TROUPE  NURSERIES,  TROUP  E.TEXAS. 


HARDY  PLANTS  AND  BULBS. 

All  the  Npw  as  wfll  us  ilif  (iM  snrt^  will  hi*  Jound  in  our 
Catalogw,  wiiirh  is  lorwarded  FKKK. 

"WOOLSOiT    &    CO., 

Lixk  Drawer  E.  PASSAIC,  N.  J. 


The  floral  WORLD 

A  superb  illustrated  SI. 00  monthly  free"   1  yenr  to 

all  that  enclose  this  aM.  l<i  ii.^  now  with  ■i4<".-for  imstaire. 

FLOKAL.  ■\VORLn,  Hielilaiid  I'aik.  III. 


^  ORNAMENTAL  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

C-\TAI.OG|-E  MAILED  ON  APPLICATION. 
DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Ridge  and  Lehigh  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


8 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


IlIVE  SiPOGI^. 


)  FEEDING  SWINE. 

By  John  M.  Stahl,  St.  IiOui^t  Mo, 

The  yearly  slaughter  of  hogs  in  the  United 
States  is  aboiit  5:2,Olk),000,  producing  4,000,000,000 
pounds  of  meat,  of  which,  about  1,000,000,000 
pounds  are  sent  abroad.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
production  of  pork  is  enormous  for  even  such  a 
country  as  ours,  and  tliat  between  the  use  of  the 
very  best  methods  and  those  only  fairly  good, 
there  may  be  a  difference  of  millions  of  dollars. 

A  glance  at  the  reeeipt-s  noted  in  the  market 
report.s,  shows  that  the  greater  part  of  the  hogs 
are  marketed  in  the  season  from  November  to 
Marcii,  inclusive.  This  is  because  it  is  most  con- 
venient and  j>rofitable  for  the  farmer  to  fatten, 
and  for  the  packer  to  dispose  of,  the  hogs  at  this 
time.  And  while  summer  packing  is  making 
rapid  strides,  S5  many  more  hogs  are  fattened  in 
the  fall  and  early  winter,  that  I  shall  consider 
my  subject  only  as  it  is  applicable  to  this  time. 

■Let  a  person  start  at  the  east  and  traverse  our 
country  !.•  this  season,  and,  unless  he  has  been 
accustomed  to  it  by  long  observation,  he  will 
wonder  at  tlie  great  waste  everywhere  apparent 
in  the  fattening  j>ens,  and  he  will  find  this  waste 
increasing  as  he  goes  westward.  We  have  what 
are  known  as  "the  fall  rains,"  which,  tliough 
not  heavy,  fall  so  slowly  and  find  tlie  ground  in 
such  condition  tliat  they  make  a  great  mud.  Yet, 
not  one  farmer  in  ten  has  a  feeding  floor  of  any 
kind.  The  food  is  thrown  to  the  hogs  in  the  mud, 
increased  l)y  tlie  manure  of  the  lutgs  and  tlieir 
rooting  for'stray  grains.  Hy  such  a  course  of 
feeding  nmcl\  food  must  be 
L«'c:t*;,?"„S°r"ru-;  lost.  After  the  hogs  have 
4  new  names,  und  ih«t  »lu  been  fed  all  they  will  eat 
be  our  number.    .Vo  tiodj    ((|,g    common    practice    in 

hurt  by  It  either.  ,.,•,,.  i  c 

fattening)  for  a  eoujde  ot 
weeks,  they  become  so  sated  that  tliey  will  not 
hunt  for  the  food  in  the  mud  and  manure,  and 
it  is  lost.  I  have  seen  hogs  fed  many  a  time 
when  fully  half  of  their  food  was  lost.  Not  only 
is  food  lost,  but  the  eating  of  the  hogs  under  sucli 
circumstances  is  sure  to  impair  their  health  and 
occasion  further  loss. 

The  ea.siest  way  to  make  profitable  pork  is  to 
stop  this  waste.  'A  good  feeiling  floor  is  made  bv 
laying  boanls  on  a  level,  smooth  patcli  of  ground. 
No  foundation  of  any  sort  is  used.  Tliis  is  ap)iar- 
ently  slovenly,  but  the  boards  soon  become  fixed, 
and' they  do'  not  rot  faster  than  when  laid  on 
cross  pieces.  When  the  hogs  are  disposed  of, 
pull  up  the  boards  and  stack  them  lip  against  the 
fence  until  tlie  first  rain  has  washed  tliem  clean, 
■when  they  can  be  Jiut  away  in  the  dry  or  used 
for  any  purpose  desired.  !^uch  a  floor  can  be  laid 
quickly,  and  the  boards  are  at  your  disposal  as 
soon  as  the  hogs  are  marketed. 

Some  say  that  it  is  better  to  put  the  bonrds  over 
the  hogs  than  under  tliem,  and  in  some  cases  I 
am  sure  it  is.  The  ground  under  a  shed  will  .soon 
become  so  hard  and  smoi>th  that  no  grain  will  be 
lost,  and  it  can  be  kept  clean  as  easily  as  a  board 
floor,  while  the  hogs  have  the  advantages  of  a 
shelter  from  rain  and  snow  while  eating;  and 
rain  and  snow  make  the  floor  of  board  more  or  less 
nasty.  Often  (dd  sheds  can  be  utilized  for  this 
purpose;  and  a  slieil  of  straw  or  any  other  sub- 
stance that  will  shed  rain  and  snow  is  just  as 
good  as  boards,  and  often  much  less  expensive. 
The  gain  woulil  pay  for  the  shed  ten  times  over. 

The  profits  may  be  further  increased  by  saving 
the  manure.  It'  is  estimated  that  a-s  hogs  are 
generally  fed  by  farmers  while  fattening,  one 
bushel,  or  fifty-six  pounds  of  corn,  makes  ten 
pounds  of  pork.  From  my  experience  and  obser- 
vation I  know  that  this  is  a  liberal  allowance  of 
pork,  take  the  country  oyer.  As  the  animal  takes 
only  ten  pounds  of  matter  away  in  its  body,  it 
must  void  forty-six  pounds  tor  every  bushel  of 
corn  consumed.  H  the  farmer  will  make  a  little 
calculation  on  this  basis,  he  will  be  surprised,  I 
am  sure,  at  the  amount  of  manure  he  can  save  if 
he  will.  In  the  case  •(  hogs,  a  little  more  than 
half  of  the  manure  by  weight  is  liquid  ;  and  in 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  this  is  wasted  in  tola. 

Fortunately,  hogs  always  have  a  particular 
place  in  which  to  de[>osit  their  voidings.  Advan- 
tage can  be  taken  of  tliis.  If  they  are  confined 
in  a  pen  with  a  tight  floor  (and  tlie  floor  should 
be  tight),  the  liquid  manure  can  easily  be 
drained  into  the  compost  heap,  for  it  will  be  de- 
posited, like  the  solid  excrement,  in  one  corner. 
When  the  hogs  are  eonfine<l  in  a  lot,  as  is  gener- 
ally the  case  in  the  gre.it  pork  producing  States, 
as  soon  as  they  have  selected  the  spot  for  their 
droppings  it  ciin  be  littered  with  straw,  which 
■will  absorb  most  of  the  urine.  But  little  straw- 
should  be  used,  and  it  should  be  changed  every 
morning.  -If  sawdust  can  be  procured,  it  is  all 
the   better.     In   this   way  the   solid   and   liquid 


voidings  can  be  removed  to  the  compost  heap 
together.  If  the  hogs  are  provided  witli  comfor- 
table, sheltered  sleeping  quarters,  they  will  not 
lie  on  the  straw  or  sawdust,  which  would  prove 
injurious. 

I  am  clearly  convinced  that  hogs  are  best  fat- 
tened on  a  clover  field,  no  matter  how  late  it  is 
in  the  fall  or  even  in  tlie  early  winter.  As  long 
as  the  weather  is  pleasant  they  «an  be  fed  in  a 
new  place  each  day :  the  feeding  ground  will  iiot 
become  foul,  and  all  the  manure,  solid  and  liquid, 
will  be  left  upon  the  field.  There  must  be  shel- 
tered sleeping  quarters  in  one  corner  of  the  field  ; 
and  a  shed  of  straw  or  something  else,  to  feed 
under  in  bad  weather. 

A  correspondent  of  a  western  agricultural 
iournal  lately  attemjited  to  prove  that  corn  was 
an  unhealthy  food  and,  per  se,  the  enemy  ot  the 
farmer.  While  he  did  not  jirove  this,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  the  fact,  that  as  corn  is 
commonly  fed  in  tlie  great  corn-producing  States, 
it  is  productive  of  much  disease.  This  is  not  the 
fault  of  tlie  corn,  Init  the  way  it  is  fed.  There  is 
no  better  food  for  fattening  swine  than  corn  ;  but 
that  is  no  reason  why  it^  should  be  fed  exclu- 
sively. The  health  of  animals  demands  a  vari- 
ety of  food  ;  and  failure  to  comply  with  this 
demand  will  produce  disease  just  as  surely  in  the 
case  of  swine,  a-s  of  human  beings. 

Feed  corn,  but  also  other  food.  Let  corn  be 
the  principjd  ingredient  of  the  ration,  but  not 
the  only  one.  Turnips  are  a  good  substitute  for 
corn,  aiid  are  better  yet  used,  when  fed  in  con- 
nection with  corn  and  other  grains.  I  have 
known  splendid  droves  of  hogs  to  be  fattened  on 
boiled  turiiiiK  and  corn  meal.  The  turnips  must 
be  boiled  to  be  of  niueb  value  ;  hogs  will  not  eat 
enough  of  iliini  raw  to  become  fat  on  them.  If  a 
couple  of  large  iron  kettles  are  jilaced  near  the 
feeding  troughs  (for  the  boiled  turnips  must  be 
fed  from  troughs)  the  trouble  of  cooking  will  be 
little.  Either  bran,  slii|vst.,if.  or  oats  may  be 
mixed  with  the  turnips  in  place  of  the  corn  meal. 

Although  ther.^  is  not  much  iiutrinient  or  fat 
forming  substance  in  pumpkins,  it  will  pay  hand- 
somely to  grow  them  to  mix  with  the  food  of  fat- 
tening hogs.  Corn,  es|iecially  if  idd,  has  an 
astringent  tendency,  and  hogs  fed  largely  upon 
it  are  apt  to  become  costive.  Pumkins  are 
gently  laxative,  and  will  correct  the  astringent 
properties  of  the  corn.     Tney  are  best  fed  raw. 

I  need  harilly  remind  the 'reader  that  tin-  b.vst 
way  of  all  to  economize  food  and  to  make  profit- 
able pork  is  to  provide  shelter  from  cold  and  wet 
weather.  

SHEEP  ON  ENCLOSED  AREAS. 

Sheep  will  not  bear  confinement,  which  makes 
them  a  |irey  to  dogs.  Reing  naturally  great  for- 
agers, they  stray  ofl',  and  cause  too  much  labor 
and  care.  '  A  larg-  flock  takes  ui>  quite  a  space, 
and  during  their  rambles  they  keep  the  gra.ss 
very  close  and  trample  the  fielils  hard.  It  is 
clai'med  that  sheep  cannot  be  raised  on  turnips, 
as  is  done  in  England,  with  hurdles.  While  we 
do  not  have  many  of  the  natural  advantages  de- 
sired, vet  we  can  grow  two  crops  of  gra.ss  which 
enable's  farmers  to  bunlle  sheep  iirofitably,  jiro- 
yided  they  will  eonstrnet  a  fence  that  can  be 
easily  reinoved,  or  made  in  such  manner  as  to  be 
cheap.  Hv  sowing  down  oats  or  rye  in  the  early 
fall  or  latter  part  of  summer,  after  the  annual 
drought  is  over,  sheep  may  be  hurdled  upon  it 
until  the  cold  sea.son  is  well  advanced.  A  later 
crop  of  rye  may  also  be  put  down  for  early  spring 
use.  Hv  using  hurdles  the  sheep  may  be  con- 
fined within  limited  areas  until  the  provided 
pasturage  is  gone.  In  the  spring  the  early  rye 
will  keep  the  sheep  well  provided  until  a  crop  of 
peas  are  grown.  Then,  by  sowing  Hungarian 
grass,  and  Iceeping  it  down  with  the  sheep  by  the 
use  of  hurdles,  a  complete  and  plentiful  pasture 
may  be  provided  from  early  spring  until  late  in 
the'  season.  Of  course,  during  the  winter  the 
sheep  must  be  fed,  but  they  will  do  well  on  cut 
straw  and  sliced  roots,  if  given  a  small  quantity 
of  oats  night  and  morning. 

By  thus  hurdling  the  sheep  the  grass  has  a 
chance  to  grow  on  the  locations  not  pastured, 
and  by  frequently  changing  them  the  food  is  of 
a  better  quality,  while  less  land  is  required  for 
the  amount  of' wool  and  mutton  produced,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  fact  that  the  sheep  will  always  be 
under  observation,  and  therefore  protectetl  from 


dogs.  A  movable  shelter  may  be  given  them  if 
necessary,  but  during  the  warm  season,  if  the 
weather  is  dry,  they  will  only  require  enough 
brush  overhead  for  shade.  When  hurdling  sheej', 
the  greater  profit  would  proljably  be  secured 
from  the  mutton  breeds  rather  tiian  from  those- 
bred  principally  for  wool. 

STOCK  NOTES. 

Cleaning  the  Stables  and  Pens. — A  plen- 
tiful use  of  compost,  in  the  shape  of  marl,  dry 
dirt,  or  sod,  will  not  only  )irevent  foul  odors, 
preserve  cleanliness,  and  render  the  manure  of 
better  qnality,  but  it  will  save  labor  at  the  time 
of  ajiplicatiou,  to  say  nothing  of  the  health  of 
the  animals  being  promoted. 

Cooked  Food  for  Hogs. — An  excellent  mess 
for  hogs  may  be  prepared  by  cutting  clover,  beet 
tops,  cabbage  leaves,  or  young  grass,  and  boiling" 
the  mass  in  a  wash-boiler  or  cauldron.  By 
adding  a  little  salt,  and  thickening  with  corn- 
meal,  not  only  will  the  food  be  very  nutritious, 
dietary,  and  highly  relished,  but  will  cost  verv 
little." 

YocTNG  Stock. — Young  stock  should  have  aa 
allowance  of  corn  meal  at  least  once  a  day  from 
now  until  spring,  in  order  that  they  may  not  be- 
come reduced  in  flesh.  Meal  is  fattening,  antt 
although  the  young  stock  may  be  well  provided 
with  bay  and  grain,  yet  the  meal  should  not  be 
omitted.  Oats  are  best  fed  when  ground,  and 
the  hay  should  be  cut  and  moistened. 

Eakly  Lambs. — This  is  not  the  month  for 
early  lambs,  but  it  is  not  too  soon  for  breeding 
the  ewes,  shiuild  any  come  in,  as  the  earlier  the 
better.  Before  determining  to  allow  the  ewes  to- 
breed  early,  due  j^reparations  must  be  made  for 
the  lambs  that  may  be  expected,  as  they  will  be 
dropped  during  tiie  most  critical  period  of  the 
winter.  The  high  prices  for  early  lambs,  how- 
ever, amply  repay  for  the  care  demanded.     « 

HiNGARiAN  Grass  for  Hoi;sI':s. — Hungarian 
gra.ss  makes  excellent  feed  for  horses,  but  as  some 
farmers,  owing  to  pressure  of  work  ou  other 
jiarls  of  the  farm,  allow  the  grass  to  seed  before 
cutting,  it  becomes  deteriorated  in  quality,  owing 
to  the  gra.ss  perfecting  the  seed,  rendering  the 
stalks  hard  and  woody.  The  seeds  are  not  easily 
digestible,  and  sometimes  mat  into  balls,  causing: 
death.  Hungarian  grass  which  has  been  fre- 
ipiently  mowed,  however,  and  not  allowed  t> 
seed,  is  equal  to  any  hay  that  can  be  grown. 

The  Brood  Sows. — Large,  heavy  brood  sows, 
though  as  prolific  as  those  that  are  smaller, 
Tisnally  smother  one-half,  if  not  all.  of  the  litter, 
before  the  pigs  are  able  to  keep  out  of  the  way> 
.\  board  is  no.  protection  for  the  first  two  or  three 
days.  If  the  litter  is  a  valuable  one,  the  better 
jilan  is  to  have  an  attendant  to  take  them  away, 
after  they  have  fed,  keeping  them  in  a  warm 
place.  They  may  be  returned  to  the  sow  every 
two  hours,  iiiid  in  a  week  or  ten  days  the  pig» 
will  be  strong  enough  to  protect  themselves. 

Fall  Colt*. — Mares  bred  in  the  fall  will  en- 
dure good  service  without  injury,  and  the  foal, 
being  dropped  in  the  tall  also,'  will  be  old  enough 
by  spring  to  allow  of  being  separated  from  the 
diim  when  the  busy  season  arrives.  Colts  will 
eat  grain  when  about  two  months  old,  and  may 
be  turned  on  the  pasture  when  six  months  old, 
provided  grain  is  allowed  them  at  night.  Fall 
colts,  however,  will  be  injured  in  growth  if  not 
provided  with  good  warm  quarters  in  winter. 
During  the  day  an  open  shed  facing  the  south, 
with  a  large  yard  tor  exercise,  will  be  found  an. 
advantage. 

The  Capacity  of  the  Udder. — It  is  not  the 
large  udder  that  indicates  the  quantity  of  milk 
that  may  be  expected,  as  there  are  many  cows- 
vrith  udders  which  are  apparently  large,  but 
composed  of  thick  .skin,  and  are  deceptive  in 
form.  The  udder  should  be  soft  and  velvety, 
with  prominent  veins,  and  milk  ducts  extending 
well  forward,  while  the  teats  should  stand  well 
apart,  be  uniform  in  size,  and  well  shaped.  The 
capacity  does  not  depend  so  much  upon  the  size 
as  upon  the  shape,  and  if  the  cow  is  a  good 
feeder,  yields  largely,  and  is  milked  regularly, 
there  need  be  no  fear  of  over-distension  of  the 
udder,  as  nature  has  adapted  it  to  suit  the 
requirements. 


True  , 

etock  oul.v .  .  « 

logiae*   C*U 

JERSEY 
REDS. 


REGISTEREDSWINE 

Th..r.>ue;^i-l'rfd  Chc-itter   WhlU'H,   Po- 

lund.Chlnas,  A"  Imt^ricl  Berkithlres 

...J  with  fitTV  *uinial  sold.  Stroog.  lii'althy 

'urity  guaranteed.  Seml^iamp  for  new  Cata* 

Warrlnston,  Box  6-24,We«i  CbeBter«  Pa. 

riTi  iTVAi.E  fak:>i. 

Itrowii  A  \Vhlt<'  I.ecliornn. 

&  Plymouth  Rock  Fowls  &  toQt. 

SK\I>    lor    CAT.\LO(;rK. 
FAKMKRS'   PKICKS. 


JERSEY 

■•  (lilf  Eilar" 

CATTLE 


Mortimer  WUiielieixl,  Miilillebuili,  Hew  Jersen. 


Chester  'White,  Torfc- 
shire,   Berkshire,   and. 
Poland-China   in  their 
parity.  Lincoln,  Hamp— 
■^»^g;aj<gg":=^n"^7»igraH  shire   Down,   South 
So^^eep  and  Scotch  Collie  Shepherd* 
Spccinlly.      Send   for  C'irculnr   nnil    rrires. 

T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa- 

CT^Come  and  Bt-e  our  stock  and  select  for  .yourselves. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


9>^ 


She  EoULipi^Y  yAi^D. 

(embodying  results  of  actual  experience.) 
DISEASES  AT  THIS  SEASON. 

There  are  but  few  chicks  hatched  during  this 
month,  as  a  rule,  and  consequently  no  yards  are 
troubled  with  gapes  ;  nor  is  the  cholera  so  preva- 
lent as  during  the  summer  months.  The  roup, 
however,  is  with  us  all  the  year,  and  especially 
during  the  fall  months.  Of  course,  where  fowls 
are  well  fed  and  housed,  they  are  neither  so 
much  subject  to  the  disease  nor  too  enfeebled  to 
overcome  it,  but  nevertheless  the  roup  often  ex- 
ists, unknown  to  the  poultryraan.  To  detect  its 
presence,  go  into  the  hen  house  after  the  fowls 
are  on  the  roost,  with  a  candle  or  lantern  for 
light,  and  observe  if  any  of  them  are  breathing 
hoarsely.  The  disagreeable  odor  from  roupy 
fowls  is  also  easily  noticeable.  A  sick  fowl  will 
show  a  discharge  from  the  nostrils,  and  if  the 
throat  is  sore  the  beak  will  be  open.  The  comb 
■will  also  appear  pale  or  black.  Take  the  sick 
fowl  and  place  it  in  a  warm  location,  and  give  a 
spoonful  of  castor  oil.  The  next  morning  give 
two  drops  each  of  tincture  of  iron,  tincture  of 
red  pepper,  first  mixing  with  it  a  small  pinch  of 
sulphur  and  assafetceda.  Repeat  this  morning 
and  night  until  the  fowl  is  better,  washing  the 
nostrils  also  with  a  dilute  solution  of  copperas. 


THE  POULTRY  HOUSE. 

If  the  poultry  h<<use  ha.s  been  well  ventilated 
with  large  cracks,  the  time  has  arrived  for  closing 
them  and  rendering  tiie  interior  as  warm  as  pos- 
sible. On  damp  days,  which  are  more  trying  to 
fowls  than  cold  weather,  there  should  be  plenty 
of  light  admitted,  as  fowls  detest  a  dark  and 
gloomy  place,  preferring  to  remain  outside  rather 
than  stay  wliere  it  is  not  clieerful.  The  nests 
should  be  so  arranged  as  to  permit  of  being  easily 
removed  and  cleaned,  and  the  roosts  should  ail 
be  of  the  same  height.  Tlie  old-fashioned  man- 
ner of  arranging  the  roosts  in  the  shape  of  steps, 
with  the  back  higher  tiian  the  front,  does  not  ac- 
commodate the  fowls,  as  each  one  will  endeavor 
to  get  on  the  highest  perches,  thereby  crowding 
each  other  off,  causing  falls  and  diseased  feet. 
The  first  consideration  is  to  make  the  coops  dry 
and  warm.  A  cement  fioor  is  lietter  than  any- 
thing else,  as  it  can  be  swept  off,  and  arrange- 
ments should  be  made  for  easily  feeding  and 
watering  the  fowls  in  cold  weather  without  com- 
pelling them  to  come  outside.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  build  an  expensive  coop,  but  it  should  have  a 
good  roof  and  a  dry  floor,  with  no  chances  for 
draughts  to  enter. 


the  colors  of  each  particular  part  to  be  what  are 
required  in  a  pure-bred  fowl,  not  omitting  the 
heavy  feathering  of  the  legs.  When  he  is  done 
he  may  have  cut  (or  deprived)  the  fowl  of  a  cer- 
tain number  of  points  from  the  possible  100  (per- 
haps 8),  and  by  subtracting  the  "cuts"  from  the 
100  total,  gives  the  score  at  92  points.  Thus, 
when  birds  are  exhibited,  the  prizes  are  not 
awarded  to  the  largest  or  strongest,  but  to  those 
that  score  the  highest  number  of  points. 

We  have,  from  time  to  time,  given  descriptions 
of  the  breeds  in  these  columns,  and  trust  our 
friends  have  improved  their  opportunities.  What 
we  wish  to  impress  upon  them  is  the  advantages 
of  exhibiting  at  poultry  shows.  A  beginner  mav 
not  be  able  to  take  many  prizes,  but  he  will 
have  an  opportunity  of  comparing  his  fowls  with 
those  on  exhibition,  and  thereby  learn  wliere  the 
defects  exist  and  what  changes  in  breeding  are 
best.  If  not  favorable  to  exhibiting  fowls,  pay 
a  visit  to  the  shows  and  make  close  observation, 
but  the  most  information  is  derived  when  the 
visitor  is  an  exhibitor,  as  then  the  greater  interest 
is  taken,  especially  in  the  breed  to  which  the  at- 
tention of  the  visitor  has  been  bestowed.  In 
breeding  poultry  a  full  knowledge  of  the  differ- 
ent breeds,  and  their  characteristics,  should  be 
attained,  and  more  can  be  gained  by  inspection 
than  by  study.  It  would  be  well  if  every  breeder 
could  be  an  exhibitor. 


LAYING  IN  OCTOBER. 

We  know  of  a  breeder  wiio  keeps  a  fiock  of 
pure  White  Leghorns,  and  although  the  breed  is 
not  famous  for  winter  laying,  yet  he  has  secured, 
since  the  first  of  last  January  to  the  first  of 
October,  nearly  twelve  dozen  of  eggs  from  each 
flock,  the  best  records  being  in  the  months  of 
January,  February,  and  March  (three  very  cold 
months).  His  hens  are  no  better  than  those  of 
his  neighbors,  but  he  feeds  for  eggs.  He  has 
always  managed  to  get  plenty  of  eggs  in  winter, 
even  when  eggs  were  scarce,  and  his  secret  is 
only  that  which  we  have  made  known  many 
times  here.  It  is  to  allow  plenty  of  meat,  vege- 
tables, and  pounded  boneii,  with  warm  quarters, 
which  should  be  kept  clean.  He  once  received 
sixty  cents  a  dozen  for  eggs,  during  a  season 
when  they  were  scarce,  and  stated  that  he  found 
a  profit  in  feeding  his  hens  at  that  time  on 
chopped  beef  at  twenty  cent«  a  pound.  W'hile 
we  would  not  advise  such  expensive  food,  yet  we 
are  satisfied  that  a  cheaper  form  of  meat  would 
more  than  repay  its  cost  when  fed  to  poultry  in 
winter.  It  should  be  accompanied,  however, 
with  other  food  of  a  desirable  quality,  and  as 
every  condition  must  be  good,  strict  attention 
should  be  given  to  all  the  details. 


SHOWING  AT  THE  POULTRY  FAIRS. 

As  some  of  our  readers  may  wish  to  enter  into 
competition  at  the  poultry  shows,  we  will  en- 
deavor t6  post  them  a  little  in  order  that  they 
may  be  able  to  select  the  proper  fowls  for  exhibi- 
tion, and  will  also  outline  the  method  of  judging 
the  fowls :  Suppose  you  have  some  particular 
breed,  the  Light  Braiinias  for  instance  (though 
the  same  course  is  pursued  with  all  breeds),  the 
judge  will  first  examine  the  head,  in  order  to 
observe  if  the  plumage  is  white  and  the  beak 
yellow.  Then  the  coinb  will  be  noticed,  and  if 
it  is  not  pea-shaped  and  even,  with  a  bright  red 
color,  he  will  cut  it  a  point  or  so.  This  is  called 
*' scoring."  He  then  examines  the  wattles,  ear- 
lobes,  neck,  back,  saddle  feathers,  breast,  body, 
wings,  tail,  fluff,  legs,  and  toes.    He  will  require 


EGG  FOOD  AND  CONDITION  POWDERS. 

No  tonic  or  condition  powder  possesses  value 
in  the  matter  of  forcing  egg  production,  unless 
they  are  composed  of  substances  that  supply  a 
deficiency  in  the  natural  food  of  the  fowls.  It  is 
not  to  be  implied  that  natural  food  is  lacking  in 
quality,  but  as  we,  in  our  judgment,  allow  them 
that  which  we  suppose  to  be  most  natural,  errors 
often  occur,  even  on  the  part  of  those  who  are 
experienced.  Tonics  are  invigorating,  because 
they  are  stimulating,  but  if  the  giving  of  tonics 
is  not  followed  by  a  full  supply  of  all  that  the 
system  demands,  the  fowls  become  more  debili- 
tated than  before  receiving  tonics.  The  best 
tonic  is  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron,  or  a  solution 
of  copperas  added  to  the  drinking  water.  Hav- 
ing thus  added  the  tonic  to  the  drinking  water  it 
becomes  more  or  less  disinfected,  and  assists  in 
preventing  disease. 

Egg  foods  are  compounds  composed  of  those 
substances  that  approach  as  nearly  as  possible  to 
the  materials  that  serve  to  make  an  egg.  They 
are  lime  (for  the  shell),  albumen  (for  tlie  white), 
and  carbon  (for  the  yolk).  We  can  furnish  lime 
in  two  forms — from  ground  oyster  shells  or 
ground  bone.  The  first  is  carbonate  of  lime,  and 
the  second  phosphate  of  lime.  The  principal 
constituent  ol  albumen  is  nitrogen,  which  may 
be  derived  from  lean  meat,  milk,  linseed  meal, 
and  many  of  the  grains.  Carbon  is  plentiful  in 
the  grains,  and  especially  in  corn.  Nearly  all 
the  substances  named,  however,  contain  propor- 
tions of  nitrogen,  lime,  and  carbon.  To  combine 
an  egg  food  and  condition  powder,  therefore,  we 
may  use  a  pound  each  of  ground  bone,  ground 
meat,  and  ground  oyster  shells.  Then  add  half 
a  pound  ot  linseed  meal,  one-quarter  pound  of 
sulphur,  one-quartei  p.^und  of  ienugreek,  and  an 
ounce  each  of  red  jiepper  and  ginger.  One-half 
pound  of  salt  may  also  be  added.  Here  we  have 
five  pounds  of  not  very  expensive  articles,  which 
are  stimulating,  invigorating,  and  nourishing,  a 
teaspoonful  to  each  hen  every  other  day  being 
sufficient.  A  better  mixture  may  be  given,  but 
more  expensive.  The  five  pounds  mentioned 
above  should  not  cost  over  five  cents  a  pound. 
With  wanii  quarters,  and  regular  feeding,  the 
above,  wi'th  the  use  of  the  tonic,  will  induce  the 
hens  to  lay,  and  is  equal,  if  not  better,  than 
many  compounds  sold  at  a  high  rate. 


POULTRY  SCRATCHINGS. 

Milk  lor  Drinh.— If  plenty  of  skim  milk  or  buttermilk 
be  placed  where  the  hens  can  get  it  there  will  be  no 
necessity  for  allowing  water,  and  it  will  assist  materi- 
ally in  increasing  the  number  of  eggs. 

Advantageief  Coal  Tar.— A  quart  of  coal  tar  in  half  a 

barrel  of  water  should  always  be  kept  on  hand.  Stir  it 
up  well,  and  sprinkle  the  water  over  the  floors  of  the 
coops  or  against  the  sides,  and  it  will  kill  lice  and  purify 
ibe  coop. 

Use  Wholeione  Grain.— A  bushel  of  good,  sound  wheat 
is  better  thali  a  two  bushels  of  screenings.  Musty  grain, 
though  eaten  by  poultry,  is  not  good  lood.  During  the 
time  when  eggs  are  desired  the  pure  wheat  and  matured 
corn  is  better  than  a  surfeit  of  inferior  grain. 

Changing  Feed. —If  fowls  are  kept  on  a  single  diet  they 
will  nut  always  accept  at  new  kind  to  whirh  they  are 
not  accustomed.  They  should  then  be  dei>rived  of  all 
other  food  until  tb«y  eat  up  that  which  was  placed  be- 
fore them,  when  tliey  will  afterwards  show  noobjeetion, 
but  eat  the  new  as  well  as  the  old. 


Preserving  Eggs.— One  of  the  best  methods  of  preserv- 
ing eggs  is  to  use  wood  ashes.  Pack  the  eggs  in  a  box,, 
without  allowing  them  to  touch  each  other,  small  end 
downward,  and  use  plenty  of  ashes.  They  will  keep^ 
several  months,  and  if  turned  two  or  three  limes  a. 
week  it  wjll  be  so  nmch  the  better. 

Oislntectlng  Nests.— If  the  earth  is  used  for  the  bottoms- 
of  nests,  sprinkle  it  with  a  few  drops  of  carbolic  acid  ia- 
a  cup  of  water,  or  crumble  ujj  a  cigar  stump  very  finely 
and  scatter  over  the  earth.  Either  process  is  cheap,  andj 
not  only  assists  in  disinfection,  but  makes  it  disagree- 
able to  the  lice,  sliould  they  appear. 

Hew  Malerlat.- Very  often  the  fowls  refuse  foodtowhichi 
they  liave  not  been  accustomed,  such  as  buckwheat^ 
sunflower  seed,  or  pop-corn.  If  they  refuse  to  eat  such, 
when  placed  before  them,  the  best  plan  to  pursue  is  to- 
allow  them  nothing  else.  Hunger  will  initiate  them,, 
and  once  they  begin  but  little  dfficulty  will  be  experi- 
enced afterwards. 

The  Incubators.- As  progress  is  being  made  in  every 
direction,  artificial  hatching  has  progressed  at  a  rapids 
pace  also,  and  many  of  the  obstacles  heretofore  in  the- 
way  are  being  overcome.  The  time  will  arrive  when- 
the  hen,  as  an  iucubator,  will  be  overlooked  for  the- 
wholesale  method,  and  as  there  is  a  wide  field  for  opera- 
tions no  doubt  many  persons  of  small  means  will  be- 
largely  benefitted. 

Utilizing  Old  Fruit  Cans.— By  cutting  an  old  fruit  can  {nr 
half,  the  lower  portion  may  be  used  for  holding  ground 
bone,  charcoal,  sulphur,  or  ground  shells.  They  can  be- 
easily  nailed  to  the  coop  or  in  any  sheltered  location,, 
where  the  fowls  may  at  leisure  eat  what  they  desire- 
from  them.  If  they  are  trimmed  off  at  the  lop,  a  hole 
cut  near  the  bottom,  and  the  can  filled  with  water  and 
inverted  over  a  tin  plate,  they  answer  well  as  drinking 
fountains. 

The  Breeds  of  Ducks.— There  are  ten  varieties  recog- 
nized, consisting  ol  the  Pekin,  Rouen,  Aylesbury,  Black. 
East  Indian,  Gray  Call,  White  Call,  Colored  Muscovy,. 
Crested  White,  and  White  Muscovy.  Of  thesethe  Pekin 
is  the  largest,  the  Rouen  the  most  beautiful  in  plumage^ 
and  .the  Aylesbury  the  most  jirolific.  The  Muscovy 
makes  an  excellent  cross  on  the  common  kinds,  but  the- 
offspring  is  sterile.  The  others  are  more  ornamental 
than  useful. 

Fences.— Fences  are  more  expensive  than  coops,  and 
must  be  built  as  cheaply  as  possible  it  a  large  number  of 
yards  are  intended  to  be  used.  Lath  is  the  cheapest, 
material  that  can  be  used;  but  dear  if  the  fences  are- 
not  jiroperly  made.  In  a  former  article  we  suggested 
that  lath  fences  be  niadesix  feel  high  by  using  half  laths, 
at  the  bottom  and  full-length  ones  at  the  top.  Experi- 
ence during  the  past  year  demonstrates  that  a  fence  so 
constructed  is  very  durable  and  cheap,  compared  witlk 
the  cost. 

Breeding  Dorltings.— In  England  no  fowl  is  as  highly 
appreciated  as  the  Dorking,  which,  like  the  Houdan,  has. 
five  toes.  It  is  a  very  compactly  built,  fine  boned  fowl^ 
though  not  so  much  a  lavorite  here  as  in  England. 
There  are  three  varieties— the  Colored  Silver-gray,  and 
White.  The  Silver-gray  may  have  either  a  rose  or  single- 
comb,  the  Colored  has  a  single  comb,  while  the  While 
has  a  rose  comb.  The  Colored  Dorkings,  when  crossed 
on  Dark  Brahma  hens,  produce  the  largest  and  best 
capons,  and  they  are  also  used  for  giving  compactness  or 
form  to  other  breeds. 

Garnet.- Pit  Games  are  different  from  those  bred  for 
beauty,  being  stronger,  larger,  and  more  vigorous.  Iiii 
breeding  games  for  the  table  the  Pit  Games  should 
therefore  be  pueferred,  as  the  cocks  are  savage,  and 
quickly  attack  hawks,  while  the  hens  make  the  most, 
caretul  of  mothers.  Pit  Games  are  not  pure  bred  fowls^ 
in  one  sense,  as  lliey  are  sometimes  produced  by  cross- 
ing several  breeds  of  games  together,  but  no  blood  but. 
game  is  permitted.  A  Game  cock  crossed  on  Partiidge- 
Cochin  hens  produces  an  excellent  lowl,  one  that  i* 
hardy  and  large,  and  which  is  splendid  tor  the  table. 

Tirltevs.- The  two  largest  breeds  are  the  Bronze  andi 
Narragansett.  The  former  is  of  a  dark  bronze  color^ 
with  a  lustre  approaching  gold,  with  dark  or  flesh-col- 
ored legs.  The  Narragansett  Is  of  a  metallic  black 
plumage,  with  salmon-colored  legs.  No  adult  gobbler 
of  either  variety  should  weigh  less  than  25  pounds,  and 
the  hens  should  exceed  15  pounds.  These  weights,  bow- 
ever,  are  only  minimum,  for  good  specimens  of  gobblers; 
often  reach  40  pounds  in  weiglit.  October  is  the  best 
time  for  selecting  the  gobbler,  as  the  prices  will  soon  be- 
higher.  One  gobbler  will  be  sufflcient  for  at  least  four 
hens,  and  sometimes  more. 

Partridge  Cochins.- We  have  the  pea  comb  and  single- 
comb  Partridge  Cochins,  but  tiic  latter  is  the  more  popu- 
lar. The  plumage  of  the  cwk  is  very  different  from 
that  of  the  hen.  The  cock  is  bright  red  in  plumage,  the 
breast  being  a  rich  deep  black.  The  hen  is  brown,  and 
distinctly  penciled  with  a  darker  brown.  The  flesh  and 
legs  are  yellow,  and  lieavy  feathering  runs  down  the 
shanks  to  the  end  of  the  outer  toe.  The  Cochin  family 
are  noted  for  possessing  large,  heavy,  compact  bodies,, 
and  hardy  constitutions.  They  make  admirable  crosses. 
when  the  bens  are  mated  with  either  Games  or  Brown» 
Leghorns.  As  they  feather  slowly  they  are  not  verj" 
attractive  in  appearance  until  nearly  six  months  old> 
and  then  they  are  as  handsome  as  maj"  be  desired. 


10 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEK 


©HE    ROUSBHOLD. 


BETTER  THAN  FANCY  ^OBK. 

Bi/  J.  E.  McC. 

I  have  never  done  any  of  the  so  rightly-naineil  | 
■crazy-patchwork,  but  if  the  enjoyment  of  it  is 
■equal  to  the  pleasure  of  trainins  vines  and  watch- 
ing tlieir  progress ;  and  the  culture  of  even  a  few 
-sweet  flowers  out  of  doors,  1  do  not  wonder  the 
vouug  folks  are  so  fascinated  witli  it.  Perliaps  I 
liave  not  an  educated  eye,  but  looking  through  a 
kaleidoscope  for  a  few  minutes  brings  out  to  my 
■view  far  prettier  pictures  than  any  of  these  pieces 
■  of  lunacy  I  have  ever  seen  in  a  New  York  show- 
-window  ;  while  many  of  tlie  C(unnion  specimens 
'the  dear  girls  are  making  into  sofa  pillows  and 
•lambrequins,  will,  I  am  afraid,  be  remanded  to 
rthe  garret,  a  few  years  from  now,  when  the  craze 
has  died  out.  Of  all  fancy  work  it  seems  to  me 
to  pay  the  smallest  returns  in  beauty  for  tlie 
outlay. 

But  a  pot  of  carnations,  or  an  ever-blooming 
rose,  is  a  joy  forever;  a  real  thing  of  beauty. 
Perhaps  if  our  young  ladies  would  give  more  time 
to  the  trowel  aud  less  to  the  needle,  they  would 
be  healthier  in  mind  and  body,  and  I  know  they 
would  be  ten-fold  happier.  If  only  somebody 
would  invent  "  a  crazy  flower-bed  "  and  get  the 
fashion  started,  it  would  go  of  itself.  Any  thing 
•  can  beat  crazy  patch-work,  though  even  that  is 
better  than  sheer  idleness. 

Especially  is  flower  culture  a  good  work  for  the 
ilittle   girls,'  and   a  vine   or  a   shrub  that  grows 
wider    and    higher    every 
year  is  an  especial  delight 
to    a  child.      Cultivate    a 
noble  puidic-spirited  senti- 
ment that  will  not  hesitate 
to  plant,  even  on  a  rented 
spot,  something  that  shall  be  a  joy  and  a  bless- 
ing to  another  in  after  years. 

But  if  you  own  your  little  homestead,  or  look 
forwarcl  t<»  its  jturchase,  nothing  will  more  endear 
lit  to  you  all,  or  enhance  its  value  !is  property, 
•than  these  little  improvements  of  your  premises. 
They  are  so  easy  aud  inex|ien.sive,  one  wonders 
.«t  the  desert-like  appearance  of  many  spots  where 
(people  live  on  year  after  year. 


Many  will  read  thew  notea 
and  think  :  •"  They  are  not 
1  inlendeil  for  me."  Here  you 
■will  V)e  mistaken.  Wo  res- 
spectrully  ask  yonr  eordial  as- 
eistance  to  help  increase  our 
:Ust. 


A    MBW    HflAT.BI 

Among  new  inventions  for  the  convenience  of 
(housekeepers,  is  the  Perfection  Scale  manufac- 
tured  by  the  American  Machine  Company,  Phila- 
■delphia.  The  special  claims  for  the  scale  are  the 
-self-acting  weights,  which  enable,  you  to  weigh 
.accurately  without  giving  down  weight,  and  are 
■never  lost,  or  altered  by  dust  or  dirt  sticking  to 
*hem. 


THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN  RECIPES 

Baked  Indian  Pcdding. — One  cup  of  Indian 
meal,  half  cup  of  flour,  half  cup  of  molasses,  half 
teaspoonful  of  salt,  2  quarts  of  milk.  Scald  the 
milk  and  stir  in  the  meal,  fiour,  molasses  ami 
salt.  Bake  quickly  until  it  boils,  then  slowly  for 
three  hours.  Should  be  like  whey  when  tjished 
out. 

Best  Corn  or  Johnky  Cake. — One  cup  of 
meal,  1  cup  of  flour,  quarter  cup  of  sugar,  1  egg, 
1  cup  of  milk,  1  heaping  teaspoonful  of  baking 
powder,  a  little  salt. 

Doughnuts. — Beat  first  2  eggs,  and  then  add 
1  cup  white  sugar,  2  spoonfuls  melted  butter, 
half  teaspoonful  soda  in  1  cup  milk.  Make  stiflf 
with  flour  and  roll  thin. 

Extr.\8pongeC.\ke. — One  tea-cup  fine  sugar, 
ridl  and  put  in  a  bowl  3  large  or  4  small  eggs,  put 
the  yolks  into  the  sugar,  and  beat  the  whites  to  a 
stiff  froth,  add  to  the  others  also  tieaten  ;  beat  .5 
minutes.     Add   a  little  nutmeg  and  the  juice  of 

1  lemon,  or  a  little  vinegar.  1  cup  of  flour,  stir 
only  just  enough  to  get  the  flour  in  ;  herein  lies 
the  secret  of  success.     Bake  in  quick  oven. 

AVhite  Cake. — Cream,  1  cup  sugar  and  half 
cu))  butter.  Then  add  2  eggs  and  half  cup  milk, 
also  heaping  teiispoonful  bakin'_'  powder  in  2  cups 
flour,  and  lastly  half  teaspoonful  vanilla.  This 
is  a  most  useful  recipe,  as  by  leaving  out  the 
vanilla  and  adding  currants  or  raisins  or  spices 
vou  can  make  a  now  kind  of  cake  eacli  time,  and 
by  baking  in  shallow  tins  you  have  a  Washington 
pie  or  Jelly  cake.  A  nice  reci])e  for  chocolate 
filling  is  :— White  of  1  egg,  1  cup  sugar.  3  tea- 
spoonfuls  chocolate,  half  teaspoonful  vanilla. 

Cinnamon  Soft  Gingerbread. — One  cnji 
molasses,  half  cup  siiu'ar,  small  piece  butter,  1 
egg,  1  tablespoonful  ginger,  half  tablespoonful 
cinnamon,  half  cuj)  sour  milk  (or  sweet  with  2 
teaspoonfiils  cream  tartar),  1  teaspoonful  soda. 

Delicious  Breakfast. — Dry  several  slices  of 
salt  pork  to  a  crisp  brown.  Then  take  five  or  six 
large  potatoes,  pare  and  slice  them,  dro)i  them  in 
the  hot  jiork  gravy,  turn  them  on  botli  sides  to 
brown,  i>our  over  them  three  well-beaten  eggs. 
Stir  the  whole  genilv  to  equalize  the  portions  of 
egg.     Then  eat  and  be  happy. 

I.OAF  Cake. — Three  cups  of  flour,  U  cup  of 
sugar,  half  cup  of  butter,  1  cup  of  milk,  2  eggs, 

2  .spoonfuls  baking  jxjwder,  1  cup  raisins,  nutmeg. 

Pie  Crust. — One  cup  of  lard,  3  cups  of  flour, 

3  quarters  of  a  cup  of  ice-water,  salt. 

Mock  Mince  Pie. — One  teacup  of  crackers 
roUeil  fine,  1  teacup  of  sugar,  1  teaspoonful  of 
cinnamon.  1  te.acnp  of  molas-se.s,  half  teacup  of 
vinegar,  ])ieee  of  butter,  li  cup  of  wate.  Cloves, 
raisins,  and  nutmeg  to  taste.  Cook  all.  This 
will  make  three  pies. 

Soft  tJiNGER  Bread.— One  coffee  cup  mola.sses, 
half  cu|>  of  lard,  1  teaspiionful  soda,  dis-solved  in 
te.acup  boiling  water,  tablespoonful  ginger,  salt, 
sifted  flour  enough  to  thicken.  Cannot  be  ex- 
celled either  for  goodness  or  economy. 

Doughnuts. — One  cup  of  butter,  1  cup  sugar. 
IJ  pint  of  flour,  IJ  teaspoonful  baking  powder,  1 
egg,  li  cup  of  milk,  nutmeg. 


Cheap  Black  Paint. — Take  equal  portions  of 
Co]ial  varnish  (in  which  has  been  mixed  a  small 
quantity  of  spirits  of  turpentine)  and  vinegar, 
with  a  third  more  of  coal  oil,  mix  with  soot  the 
consistency  of  paint. 

Sugar  Cookie.s. — One  egg  well  beaten  in  a 
teacup,  3  tablespoonfuls  of  water,  ij  tablespoonfuls 
melted  lard,  put  this  in  the  cup  with  the  egg,  fill 
up  with  sugar,  (granulateil  is  best),  1  teaspoonfiU 
baking  powder,  mix  stiff  and  roll  thin. 

French  Mustard. — Slice  an  onion  in  a  bo*l 
and  cover  with  good  vinegar,  after  two  days  pour 
off  the  vinegar,  add  to  it  a  teaspoonful  of  Cayenne 
pepper,  teaspoonful  of  salt,  tablespoonful  of  sugar 
and  mustard  enough  to  thicken,  set  on  stove  until 
it  boils.     When  cold  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Vinegar  Pie. — Stir  a  pint  of  hot  water  on  the 
yolks  of  four  eggs  (well  beaten)  gradually,  until 
a  cream  is  made,  add  a  cu])  of  sugar,  half  cup  of 
thick  paste  of  flour  and  water,  1  tablespoonful  of 
vinegar,  nutmeg  to  taste  ;  j^our  into  a  rich  crust 
and  bake.  Then  beat  the  whites  to  a  stiff  froth, 
mix  with  half  cup  of  sui^ar,  spread  on  top  of  pies 
ami  brown  in  oven.  This  quantity  is  sufficient 
for  two  small  pies. 

Beautiful  Tkifles. — Mix  a  little  salt  and  1 
teaspoonful  of  sugar  in  1  egg,  work  in  flour  and 
roll  thin.  Cut  in  round  pieces  and  fry  in  hot 
lard.  Fill  the  cakes  witli  jelly  or  preserves. 
Pretty  side  dish. 

Noodles. — Make  a  thin  paste  of  eggs  and 
flour,  add  a  little  salt,  roll  thin,  cut  in  narrow 
strips,  throw  in  boiling  water,  and  boil  5  minutes. 
Serve  hot,  with  butter,  black  pepper,  aud  hard 
boiled  egg,  choppetl  fine. 

To  Strengthen  the  Hair. — Dilute  an  ounce 
of  borax  and  an  ounce  of  camphor  in  2  quarts  of 
water,  and  wash  the  hair  thoroughly  twice  a 
week,  clipping  the  ends  occasionally.  It  will 
quickly  grow  long,  thick  and  even. 

To  Polish  Stoves. — Mix  a  teaspoonful  of  pul- 
verized .alum  with  stove  polish  ;  it  will  give  stoves 
a  fine  and  quite  permanent  lustre. 

Cup  Puddings. — One  tablespoonful  of  flour, 
1  egg;  mix  with  cold  milk  and  a  pinch  of  salt  to 
a  batter.  Boil  fifteen  minutes  in  a  buttered  cup, 
eat  with  sauce,  fruit  or  plain  sugar. 

Por.TEREE. — One  pint  bottle  best  porter,  2 
iilasses  pale  sherry,  1  lemon,  peeled  and  sliced, 
half  )>int  ice-water,  6  or  8  lumps  loaf  sugar,  half 
grated  nutmeg,  pounded  ice.  This  mixture  has 
been  used  satisfactorily  by  invalids  for  whom  the 
|mre  porter  was  too  heavy,  causing  biliousness 
and  heartburn. 

South  Caroi.in.\  C.\ke. — One  small  cup  of 
butter,  2  cups  of  sugar,  3  cups  of  flour,  4  eggs, 
half  a  teaspoonful  of  soila,  half  a  teacup  full  of 
milk,  a  little  brandy,  and  a  cup  of  raisins. 

Ocean  Cake. — One  cup  of  milk,  2  cups  of 
sugar,  half  a  cup  of  butter,  the  whites  of  5  egg, 
well  beaten,  3  cups  of  flour,  1  teaspoonful  of  soda, 
and  2  of  cream  tartar;  flavor  to  taste. 

Nellie's  Ginger  W.\fers. — One  cup  of  sugar, 
1  cup  of  buttei,  1  cup  of  molasses,  half  cup  of 
made  coffee,  2  teaspoonfuls  of  soda,  1  teaspoonful 
of  ginger. 


INCUBATORS- 


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i    COLLIE  SHEPHERD   PUPS, 

I  FROM    IMPORTED    KENNEL. 

Address,  RIVIiRSIDE    FARM.  PortlnDd.  -Me. 


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Hare    you     Butter, 

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Writ.-  t..  ns  inr  pri.t-s  at  this  Market.     Consign- 
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bv  permission,  to  the  iiublishers  of  this  paper. 
SEEDS  A:  FEIH^I'SON,  rommissioii  Merclmnts, 
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JERSEY  RED  PICSo 

S  to  l'.i  week3c.Ul.    Puresii-k.   sTJ  per  pair.   P.i'.ve.i 
with  feed.    Sa»'e  arrival  eiiaramrcd. 

JOHN  S.  fOLL.I>S  MoorifHtowiu  >.  J. 


FOFl  FOXJLTFlYiyiEN 

MAII.FJl  ON  UKCEIPT  OF  rltlCE. 
Beale't  Prolllable  PoullrY  Keigino,  SI. 50:  Hallted's  Artldclal 
Incubation,  75  cenl«;  Incubator  SpeciUcallona  (complete  di- 
recuons  for  niakiiia;  inciihatnrs  al  home),  32  Cl».     (oet- 
<lescription  of  those  on  pat:*'  1'!.  i 

POULTRY    PAPERS. 

rrit^e  inrh)fles  :i  \  fur's  siit>srriptnin  ti>  Farm  and  Garden. 

Amerlcai.  Poultry  Vard.  SI. 40:  National  Poultrf  Monitor.  SI. 10: 

Poultr.  Worlil.  SI. JO:  Poultry  Nation.  80   cents:   Poultm 

Moi  ihl«,  SI. 10  :  Poultry  Bulletin.  SI. 10  :  Poultm  and 

Farm  Journal.  S1.IQ- 

S.'n'l  hv  P.  O.  N.'t.-  or  Roai^t.-roi  I.ctt.r       St;.niri^  I;.kcn.      .K.^lresa 

/POJLTRV  OtPARTKENT-rARKI  AND  GARDEN.  Philadelphia. 


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THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


11 


Odds  and  €nds. 


THINK  FOB  YOURSELF. 


By  Jeff.  D.  Serryhilf,  Washbmii,  Mo, 


In  the  Farm  and  Garden,  and  among  other 
articles  of  good  literature,  I  find  many  useful  and 
.interesting  essays  of  various  kinds,  by  dili'erent 
^authors,  some  of  which  have  caused  me  to  tliink 
niore  profoumlly  than  anything  else  with  which  I 
iiave  met.  My  dear  reader,  you  may  be  young, 
aind  have  not  had  time  to  think  much,  or  have 
Iiad  some  one  to  think  for  you,  but  knowing  that 
you  will  not  always  have  this,  my  object  is  to 
start  you  to  think  fur  yourself,  selecting  your 
objects,  and  laying  your  plans  to  accomplish 
them.  True,  you  are  here,  and  must  go  through 
life  somehow;  but  there  is  a  better  and  easier 
way  than  that. 

"The  turtle  climbs  upon  the  floating  log,  and 
«eems  to  ride  very  pleasantly  ditwn  the  river,  he 
•does  not  know,  nor  does  he  seem  to  care,  where 
he  is  going."  Although  many  men  go  through 
life  in  this  way,  it  seems  to  me  rather  an  aimless 
^nd  unmanly  voyage,  it  may  do  ff»r  turtles,  but 
it  is  surely  not  best  for  men.  Usefulness,  eiiar- 
^cter,  knowledge,  a  good  conscierice,  and  a  good 
name,  are  not  accidents,  they  are  bom  of  honest 
-effort.  If  you  have  your  mind  on  any,  or  all  of 
Ihese,  you  must  be  up  and  doing,  you  have  no 
time  to  loss.  If  your  circumstances  are  of  sucli 
.nature  that  your  future  prospects  become  blighted, 
be  not  discouraged,  but  think  out  other  plans, 
;and  endeavor  to  execute  them  ;  this  is  manly, 
ibut  to  spend  all  your  young  life  in  slothful  and 
ithoughtless  indolence^  and  at  the  same  time 
4iope  for  the  fruits  of  well  directed  etfort,  is  worse 
•than  absurdity  and  foolishness ;  this  is  the 
tilossom  of  future  discontent  and  wretchedness, 
^nd  will  not  fail  to  "  yield  its  full  harvest  in 
•due  season." 


ORIGIN  OP  THE  TORKS. 

Like  Romulus,  the  founder  of  that  martial 
ipeople  was  preserved  by  a  she  wolf,  and  the  rep- 
lesentation  of  that  animal  on  tlie  banners  of  the 
Turks,  suggested  the  idea  of  a  fable  which  was 
invented  without  any  mutual  intercourse,  by  the 
•sheplierds  ot  Latiuni  ^nd  tliose  of  Scytiiia.  At 
»the  equal  distance  of  two  thousand  miles  from 
ithe  Caspian,  the  Icy,  the  Chinese,  and  the  Ben- 
;gal  seas,  a  ridge  of  mountains  is  conspicuous,  the 
■centre  and  perhaps  the  summit  of  Asia,  which, 
in  the  language  of  different  nations,  has  been 
■styled  Imaus,  Caf,  Altai,  the  Golden  Mountain.?, 
and  the  Girdle  of  the  Earth.  According  to  the 
ireligious  philosophy  of  the  Maiiommedans,  the 
'Ijasis  of  Mt.  Caf  is  an  emerald  whose  reflection 
;produces  the  azure  of  the  sky,  and  the  mountain 
is  endowed  with  a  sensitive  action  in  its  roots  or 
«ierves,  and  their  vibration,  at  the  command  of 
"God,  is  the  cause  of  earthquakes. 

The  sides  of  the  hills  were  productive  of  min- 
•■erals,  and  the  iron  forges  for  the  purpose  of  war, 
nvere  exercised  by  the  Turks,  the  most  despised 
portion  of  the  slaves  of  the  great  Khan  Geougen. 
But  their  servitude  could  only  last  until  a  leader, 
bold  and  eloquent,  should  arise  to  persuade  his 
•countrymen  that  the  same  arms  which  they 
forged  for  their  masters  might  become,  in  their 
>own  hands,  instruments  of  freedom  and  victory. 

They  sallied  from  the  mountain.  A  sceptre 
was  the  reward  of  liis  advice,  and  the  annual 
-ceremony  in  which  a  piece  of  iron  was  heated  in 
the  tire,  and  a  smith's  hammer  was  successively 
handled  by  the  prince  and  his  nobles,  recorded 
for  ages  the  humble  profession  and  national  pride 
of  the  Turish  nation.  Bertezena,  their  first 
deader,  signalized  their  valor  and  his  own  in  suc- 
■cessfal  comljats  against  the  neighboring  tribes, 
Ibut  when  he  presumed  to  ask  in  marriage  the 
slaughter  of  the  great  khan,  the  insolent  demand 
<jf  a  slave  and  meclianic  was  contemptoiisly  re- 
jected. The  disgrace  was  expiated  by  a  more 
noble  alliance  with  a  princess  of  China,  and  the 
decisive  battle  which  almost  extirpated  the  nation 
of  the  Geougen,  established  in  Tartary  the  new 
iind  more  powerful  empire  of  the  Turks. — Gibbon. 

TREES  OP  CETI.ON. 

For  sixty  miles  along  the  shore  of  Ceylon 
ithere  are  cinnamon  groves,  and  the  sweet  scent 
may  be  perceived  far  off  u))on  tlie  seas.  The 
•cinnamon  trees  are  never  allowed  to  grow  tall, 
because  it  is  only  the  upper  branches  wliich  are 
inuch  prized  for  their  bark.  The  little  children 
■of  Ceylon  may  often  be  seen  cutting  in  the  shade, 
peeling  off  the  bark  with  their  knives.  There 
are  also  groves  of  cocoanut  trees  on  the  shores  of 
Ceylon.  A  few  of  these  trees  are  a  little  fortune 
to  a  i)oor  man,  for  he  can  eat  the  fruit,  build  his 
house  with  the  wood,  roof  it  with  the  leaves, 
jnake  cups  of  tlie  shell,  and  use  the  oil  of  the 


kernel  instead  of  candles.  The  Jack  tree  bears 
a  fruit  as  large  as  a  horse's  head.  This  large 
fruit  does  not  hang  on  the  tree  by  a  stalk,  but 
grows  out  of  the  trunk  on  the  great  brandies. 
The  outside  of  the  fruit  is  like  a  horse  chestnut, 
green  and  prickly,  the  inside  is  y^ellow,  and  is 
full  of  kernels,  like  beans.  The  wood  is  like 
mahogany — hard  and  handsome.  But  there  is  a 
tree  in  Ceylon  still  more  curious  than  the  Jack 
tree.  It  is  the  Talpot  tree.  This  is  a  very  tall 
tree,  and  its  top  is  covered  by  a  cluster  of  round 
leaves,  each  leaf  so  large  that  it  would  do  for  a 
common  sized  room,  and  one  single  leaf,  cut  in 
three-cornered  jiieces,  will  make  a  tent.  "When 
cut  up  the  leaves  are  used  for  fans  and  books. 
Tliis  tree  bears  no  fruit  until  just  before  it  dies, 
that  is  until  it  is  tifty  years  old,  then  an  enor- 
mous bud  is  seen  raising  its  huge  head  in  the 
midst  of  the  crown  of  leaves.  The  bud  bursts 
with  a  loud  noise,  and  a  yellow  flower  appears — 
a  flower  so  large  that  it  would  fill  a  room.  The 
flower  turns  into  fruit,  and  the  same  year  the 
tree  dies. 

THE  GREAT  ■WALL  OF  CHINA. 

It  was  with  a  view  of  securing  his  Empire 
against  future  attacks  from  various  formidable 
tribes,  that  Che-waugte  (B.  c.  214),  undertook 
the  completion  of  this  great  wall,  a  stupendous 
work,  surpassing  the  most  wonderful  ettbrts  of 
human  hilior  in  other  countries,  and  upon  which 
twenty  centuries  have  exerted  but  little  effect. 
The  largest  of  the  pyramids  of  Egypt  contains 
but  a  small  portion  of  the  matter  in  this  wall,  the 
solid  contents  of  which,  not  including  the  pro- 
jecting mass  of  stone  and  brick,  which  contains 
as  much  masonry  as  all  Lonilon  ;  are  supjiosed  to 
exceed  in  bulk  the  materials  of  all  the  dwelling- 
houses  in  England  and  Scotland.  The  vastness 
of  the  mass  may  be  better  appreciated  by  consid- 
ering that  it  is  more  than  sufficient  to  surround 
tlie  circumference  of  the  Earth  on  two  of  its  cir- 
cles, with  two  walls,  each  six  feet  high  and  two 
feet  thick.  Walls  had  already  been  erected  by 
some  of  the  petty  princes  in  the  north,  to  exclude 
the  barbarians  from  their  States.  The  Emperor 
directed  his  general,  Mungteen,  wlio  had  com- 
pleted the  campaign  against  the  Houngnoos,  to 
survey  the  walls  built  by  these  princes  to  com- 
plete the  union,  and  to  continue  this  great  barrier 
from  Kea-yuh-kivan  to  the  place  where  at  a  sub- 
sequent jieriod  Wung-hal-Iow  'was  built,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Eastern  Sea,  a  space  of  about  fifteen 
hundred  miles,  over  deep  valleys,  and  mountains 
of  great  elevation.  Enormous  numbers  of  men, 
some  say  millions,  being  a  third  of  the  inhabitants 
of  a  certain  age,  were  collected. 


THE  COAST  SDBVEY 

The  real  work  of  the  Coast  Survey  commenced 
in  18.>2,  under  the  supervision  of  Ferdinand  R. 
Ilasslar,  a  native  ot  Switzerland.  Hasslar  was 
hamjiered  and  embarassed  continually  by  limited 
appropriations.  His  operations  were  not  of  a 
ciiaracter  easily  seen  ;  Congress  wondered  contin- 
ually what  he  was  about.  While  he  was  systema- 
tising  methods  and  training  assistants.  Congress 
was  shrugging  its  shoulders  and  clamoring  be- 
cause results  were  inadequate  to  the  expenditure. 
Hasslar  was  an  eccentric  man,  of  irascible  dispo- 
sition and  great  independence  of  character.  On 
one  occasion  a  committee  from  Congress  waited 
upon  him  in  his  office  to  inspect  his  work.  "  You 
come  to  'spect  my  vork,  eh  ?  Vat  you  know  'bout 
my  vork?  Vat  you  going  to 'spect?  "  The  gen- 
tlemen, conscious  of  their  ignorance,  tried  to 
smooth  his  ruffled  temper  by  an  exjilanation, 
which  only  made  matters  worse.  "\ou  knows 
notting  at  all  'bout  my  vork.  How  can  you 
'spect  my  vork  vere  you  knows  notting?  Get 
out  of  here ;  you  in  my  vay  ;  Congress  be  one  big 
vool  to  send  you  to  'spect  my  vork.  I  'ave  no 
time  to  vaste  vith  such  as  knows  notting  vat  I  am 
'bout.  Go  back  to  Congress  and  tell  dem  vat  I 
.say."  The  committee  did  "go  back  to  Congress," 
and  reported  amid  uproarious  laughter,  the  result 
of  their  inspecting  interview. 


KHARDB  PODS. 


The  husks  upon  which  the  Prodigal  Son,  fed, 
are  not,  as  the  American  reailer  is  apt  to  imagine, 
the  husk  of  maize,  that  is,  of  Indian  corn.  They 
are  the  fruit  of  the  Kharub  tree,  and  are,  from 
their  shape,  called,  in  tlve  Greek,  little  horns. 
From  t'le  popular  notion  that  they  were  the  food 
of  John  the  Bapti.st,  they  are  called  St.  John's 
bread.  Dr.  Thomson  describes  them  as  fleshy 
pods,  somewhat  like  those  of  the  honey  locust 
tree,  from  six  to  ten  inches  long,  and  one  broad, 
lined  inside  witli  a  gelatinous  substance,  not 
wholly  unpleasant  to  the  taste  when  thoroughly 
ripe.  I  have  seen  large  orchards  of  the  Kharub 
in  Cyprus,  where  it  is  still  the  food  which  the 
swine  do  eat. 


ENVY  OR  GOOD  'WILL. 

When  JIutius  was  seen  to  wear  a  sorrowful 
countenance,  it  was  said:  "  Eitlier  some  great 
evil  has  iiajipened  to  Mntius,  or  some  great  good 
to  another."  Eitlier  efi'ected  him  in  the  same 
way.  He  was  not  alone  in  l>earing  this  feeling 
of  envy  and  illwill  to  those  who  possessed  a  good 
he  did  not.  It  is  surprising  to  what  small  mean- 
ness this  sjiirit  will  sometimes  lead  a  ])erson  to 
descend.  A  poor  woman  rented  a  liouse,  with 
the  understanding  that  it  might  be  sold,  and  she 
be  obliged  to  leave  it.  Her  little  garden  was 
growing  well  when  the  place  was  sold.  She  had 
no  quarrel  with  those  who  bought  it,  J>ut  forth- 
with she  proceeded  to  pull  u]i  all  the  growing 
things  in  her  garden,  destroying  it  as  far  as 
possible.  "  If  she  could  not  have  the  good  of 
them  no  body  else  should."  »' 

A-  spirit  like  this  could  not  be  happy  in  Edeu 
itself.  Instead  of  rejoicing  that  someone  else 
might  rea])  the  fruit  of  her  labors,  even  if  she 
could  not,  so  it  might  not  be  a  total  loss,  she 
would  have  hiliored  upon  that  as  the  crowning 
calamity.  What  a  bless:  (.,^,.^,„„j  „„j  „^„j. 
ing  that  tlie  world  has  so  ricks  »iii  both  talk  to  far- 
many  broad,  generous  na-  Sbt,,." K' "•  S..'^ m" 
tures,  who  delight  in  the  ciub  ror  the  farm  and  gar- 
general  good,  and  seek  to  "'^''' 
jiromote  it.  If  no  one  planted  trees  they  were 
not  fully  expecting  to  eat  the  fruit  of  them- 
selves all  along  as  the  tree  stood,  ■what  a  light 
fruit  harvest  we  should  have. 

As  remote  from  such  a  desperation  as  the  poles 
are  distant,  was  the  mind  of  that  eccentric  old 
man  named  Jonathan  Chapman,  who  went  all 
through  Southern  Ohio,  in  pioneer  days,  plant- 
ing apple  seeds,  wherever  he  could  find  an  appro- 
priate spot,  with  a  reasonable  ho)ie  of  them 
being  undisturbed.  He  gathered  his  bag  of  seed 
at  the  cider  mills  in  Pennsylvania,  and  set  out 
out  on  his  travels,  by  highways  and  by-ways,  and 
the  result  was  many  good,  strong  fruit  trees, 
all  ready  in  bearing  for  the  first  settlers  when 
they  came  to  the  region.  It  was  a  strange  hobby, 
but  it  fell  in  the  line  of  a  most  useful  service  to 
fellow  men.  He  acquired  the  name  of  Johnny 
Appleseed,  but  he  was  beloved  and  welcomed  in 
all  old  pioneer  homes,  and  even  the  native 
Indians  treated  him  with  respect,  and  sought  to 
notice  his  little  trees,  a  favor  for  -which  he  was 
always  deeply  grateful. 


flDYEI^IiISEMENirS. 


Pleate  inenaon  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


DUTCH  BULBS 


DIRECT    FROM 

KOIiL  AND. 

Selectt'ii   bv  a  iiit-iuhfr  of  uiir   firm.     ^';ltulllL:lU'^5   IVei?. 
JOHN.SON  &  STO-KE!«,  1114  Market  St.,  Phllad'a,  Pa. 


4-  ALL  GARDEN  SUPPLIES.  4< 


PLANTS,  BULBS,  &  SEEDS. 


Illustrated  Catalogue  Mailed  Free. 


Address.  ROBERT    J.    HALLIDAY, 
SeeiUnian  *and   Florist.   Daltimore   City.   Mil. 


BULBOUS  ROOTS. 

Our    New    AITTHIN    Carn- 

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FloriNiN  Seeds  of  new  crop. 
HENRY  A,  DREER, 

Seedsman  aud  Florist, 


714  Chestnut  Street,  Pliilaclelpnia.  Pennn. 


FOOD  CARP. 


Pure    and    iiemiine. 
H!l'"-iil^   ilrr    irnrlhh 


Siiitc-xble   for    SJtnoking    PoikIs. 
Price.  Sl.5.00   per   100. 


Uf'll  I  I  AM   DARRV    Prrsfiiiil'Amrlriin  Cniii  VuUurt 
WILLIAm  rAKKT,  AssoaalMn.   PARRY  P.  0..  H.  J. 


12 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


"Vol.  T^.,  IsTo.  11 


CONTENTS  OP  THIS  NUMBER. 
Page  1.— Farewell  to  the  Garden,  by  Josepli. 
PaEe  2.— Gardening  in  Florida,  by  W.  C.  Steele.    NoEx- 

cellence  Without  Labor.    Tobaccco  Culture, 

by  Thos.  D.  Balid. 
Page  3.-A  Tool  House,  by  W.  D.  Boynton.    My  Exper- 
imenlal  Plot.    The  Best  is  Best,  by  E.  E. 

Rex  ford. 
Page  4. -The  Wilson  Jr.  Blackberry.  A  Practical  Mode 

ot  Growing  Strawberries,  by  C.  S.  Rowley. 
Page  5.— A  Dish  of  Grapes. 
Page  6.— Our  Flower  Garden. 
Page  7.— Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 
Page  8.— Feeding  Swine,  by  John  M.  Stahl.    Sheep  on 

Enclosed  Areas. 
Page  9.— The  Poultry  Yard. 
Page  10.— The  Household. 
Page  11.— Odds  and  Ends. 
Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 
Page  13.— Clippings. 
Page  14.— Correspondence. 
Page  15.— Marks  by  Jack  Frost. 
Page  16.— A  Collection.  


•  Gdiifoi^ial  Comment. 


Bv  a  special  arrangement  with  the  publishers 
of  the  Home  and  Farm  we  are  enabled  to  offer  it 
■with  The  Farm  and  G.^rden  for  the  low  price 
of  75  cents.  It  is  a  senii-inonthly  paper,  and 
very  alilv  edited.     Try  it  for  the  year. 


Save  feed  by  getting  your  turkeys,  etc.,  ready 
for  market  by  Thanksgiving.  It  does  not  pay  to 
feed  fowls  all  the  winter  to  sell  them  in  spring, 
except  with  "  winter  chickens."  They  eat  more 
than  they  are  worth  in  the  spring. 

Many  other  ways  of  saving  will  suggest  them- 
selves to  the  thiiiking  farmer.  If  he  attends  to 
them  carefully,  he  will  save  his  equilibrium, 
morally,  mentally  and  physically,  and  often  his 
cquanim^iy,  which  is  endangered  by  the  indul- 
gence in  unnecessay  political  discussions.  Never 
mind  the  country  ;  that  is  safe. 


October.  When  we  see  two  great  political  par- 
ties willing,  nay,  anxious  to  "save  the  country," 
we  need  not  be  alarmed;  yet  there  is  one  safe- 
guard or  safetv-valve  which  inspires  us  with  a 
feeling  of  absolute  security — the  good  sense  of  the 
farmer,  the  farmer  wlio  constitutes  a  majority  of 
the  voters. 

October,  indeed,  is  more  a  time  of  saving  than 
of  producing,  and  if  every  fiirnier,  witli  his  usual 
good  sense,  attends  to  tlie  "saving  "  in  liis  sphere, 
the  country  at  hirge  is  safe  enough.  We  must 
bear  in  mind  that  the  crops  and  their  saving  is  of 
such  vital  importance  to 
hiJTayrhirp^Sr,!  the  country-s  prosperity, 
Bent  the  Farm  and  Oari.km  that  tile  result  o(  the  pres- 
t.  4  ueighbor—enly  ♦!.  ,.„t  ],„litic>al  struggle, 
compared  with  the  former,  will  sink  into  insigni- 
ficance. JfThe  blessings  derived  from  liis  own 
efforts  in  this  saving  business  come  liome  to  every 
farmer;  he  can  reach  and  feel  llieui  with  his 
hands  ;  tliose  resulting  from  tlic  success  or  failure 
of  one  or  tlie  oilier  of  the  political  jiarties,  he  can 
neither  feel  nor  see.  If  we  want  light,  let  us 
strike  a  match,  ratlier  than  try  to  reach  for  the 
stars.  Help  to  save  the  country  by  saving  your 
own  productions  and  by  turning  tliem  to  the  best 
account. 

Store  potatoes  and  root  cro))s  in  cellar,  root 
house  or  pits.  Every  farmer  shouUl  have  a  root 
house  near  his  dwelling  house  and  avoid  storing 
large  quantities  of  vegetables  right  under  the 
rooms  used  by  him  and  his  family. 

Pick  and  barrel  your  apples.  There  is  hardly 
abetter  wav  to  jireserve  apples  sound  and  fresli 
and  of  good  flavor  until  spring,  than  by  pitting 
them.  Cover  very  lightly  at  first  and  give  ven- 
tilation at  the  top.  Put  on  more  soil  as  the 
weather  gets  colder.  A  second  covering  of  four 
or  six  inclies  of  straw  and  a  few  inclies  of  soil  is 
far  preferable  to  one  of  coarse  barnyard  manure, 
safer,  on  account  of  the  dead  air  space,  and  cer- 
tainly cleaner.  Apples  in  pits  need  less  winter 
protection  than  potatoes. 

Husk  corn  in  the  field  when  the  weather  per- 
mits. It  is  a  saving  of  time.  Keep  a  few  loads 
of  shocks  in  the  barn  or  under  a  shed  for  a  rainy 
day. 

Draw  the  corn-fodder  and  put  it  under  shelter 
as  soon  as  husked  and  dry  enough.  Do  not  wait 
until  half  of  its  nutriment  is  washed  out  by  re- 
peated rains. 

Put  your  tools  under  shelter,  paint  the  wood 
and  oil  the  steel  parts. 

Examine  your  stalks  and  fix  them,  if  necessary, 
80  they  will  sited  water.  The  rainy  season  is 
approaching. 

Thresh  all  crops  as  soon  as  possible  and  sell 
the  surplus.     Have  granaries  tight. 

Save  nnni'ci'ssary  sufl'ering  to  your  stock  by 
giving  shelter  in  cold  storms. 

Save  the  flow  of  milk  in  your  cows  by  liberal 
feeding. 

Utilize  warm  fall  weather.  Hogs  fatten  quicker 
and  with  less  grain  at  such  time,  while  the  heat, 
in  cold  weather,  has  to  be  supplied  by  a  larger 
allowance  of  corn. 

Corn,  burnt  or  scorched  on  the  cob,  and  fed 
liberally  to  hogs,  is  a  sure  preventive  as  well  as 
remedy" for  the  cholera.  It  is  also  good  for  laying 
fowls  or  fattening  turkeys.. 


We  have  seen  it  recommended  to  put  a  layer  of 
oats  under  the  sand  of  the  propagating  bed  ii  tlie 
greenhouse.    What  say  our  florists  ? 

We  have  taken  not  a  little  pains  to  a.scertain 
the  real  value  of  the  "  Martin  .\mber  Wheat." 
We  saw  the  originator,  W.  J.  Martin,  of  Colum- 
bia, Pa.,  at  the  Granger's  pic-nic  at  William's 
Grove,  Pa.,  during  the  last  week  of  August,  and 
have  talked  with  a  large  number  of  fanners  who 
had  gnnvn  this  wheat  for  one  or  two  seasons. 
There  was  not  one  dissenting  voice.  All  agreed 
that  the  Martin  Amber  has  proved  to  be  the  best 
yieldcr  and  the  best  for  flour.  Millers,  however, 
who  use  rollers,  grade  the  Martin  as  "second." 
Mr.  Martin  a.sserts  that  three  pecks  of  seed  per 
acre  are  amply  sufficient  with  him  on  common 
soil,  and  that  two  pecks  on  soil  good  for  twenty- 
five  bushels  per  acre,  have  given  good  results. 
He  was  borne  out  in  this  statement  by  many 
other  farmers,  but  one  of  them  reported  that  in 
an  experiment  made  by  him  on  common  soil, 
where  diflVrent  quantities  of  seed,  from  three  to 
seven  pecks  per  acre,  were  used,  the  larger  seed- 
ing had  done  the  best. 

From  all  we  could  learn  about  the  "  Martin 
Amber,"  we  are  justified  in  recommending  it  to 
every  farmer  for  trial.  The  question  as  to  the 
proper  quantity  of  seed  to  the  acre  seems  to  us 
still  an  open  one,  though  we  believe  that  the 
"Martin"  does  require  less  than  other  wheats. 


The  average  price  paid  to  the  wool-grower  for 
his  wool  in  1884,  has  been  27  cents,  against  3S 
or  37  cents  in  1881.  This  is  equal  to  a  falling  oft 
of  about  25  per  centum.  Prices  of  all  articles, 
necessaries  as  well  as  luxuries  of  life,  have  de- 
clined in  about  the  same  ratio ;  and  no  reasonable- 
farmer  expects  that  his  products  alone  could  hold 
their  price  up  to  former  rates.  A  pound  of  wool 
now,  has  about  the  same  purcliase  value  as  it  had 
three  years  ago.  Still  a  reduction  of  the  tariff  ott 
wool  without  a  corresponding  reduction  of  the 
whole  tariff,  must  be  considered  a  discriminatiou 
against  the  farmer,  and  gross  injustice.  Legisla- 
tors should  hesitate  before  touching  anv  of  the 
very  few  protected  articles  produced  on  the  farm, 
like  wool  and  sugar.  On  the  other  hand  we 
want  no  foolishness  about  it.  The  childish  de- 
mand of  many  of  our  contemporaries  for  "  a  tarifT 
on  wool  as  near  as  possible  to  the  prohibitioD 
point,"  and  their  attemjits  to  make  a  11  per  cent- 
tariff  reduction,  responsible  for  a  25  per  cent, 
decline  in  price  (they  would  try  to  blame  the 
tariff  reduction  for  the  low  price  of  wheat  in  1884^ 
or  potatoes  in  1883,  if  they  could),  are  conclusive 
evidence,  that  they  forget  the  farmer's  best  inter- 
est in  their  desire  for  popularity,  or  that  they 
have  not  entered  the  intricacies  ot  the  tariff  ques- 
tion very  deeply.  Justice  we  demand  for  the 
farmer,  But  no  <!'hinese  walls.  A  tariff  on  wool 
near  the  prohibition  point,  means  prohibilioTt. 
prices  on  woolen  goods,  and  poor  woolen  clothing 
or  none  for  the  masses.  We  cannot  see  "protec- 
tion for  American  labor  "  in  that. 


Many  farmers  in  the  valley  of  Virginia  at  this 
writing  are  selling  their  wheat  crops  tit  seventy- 
six  cents  per  bushel.  We  should  have  rejoiced 
had  we  been  forced  to  admit  a  mistake  of  the 
probable  wheat  price  in  one  of  the  former  issues 
of  Farm  ano  Garden.  (We  had  expected 
seventv-fivc  cents. I  There  are  farmers  now  sel- 
ling the  crops  of  1883,  for  which  they  had  refu-sed 
to  take  $1.00,  and  even  .■? l.o.^.  Debts  arecrcwding 
upon  them,  such  as  phosphate  and  grocery  bills, 
contracted  in  anticipation  of  large  receipts  from 
the  wheat  crop,  and  they  are  obliged  to  sell. 

That  the  excessive  )>roduction  and  the  low  price 
of  wheat  is  a  blessing,  as  frieiKl  Atkinson  of  tlic 
Farm  Journal  a.ssert»,  we  greatly  doubt,  and  the 
farmer,  when  he  counts  the  amount  of  money  left 
in  his  hands  after  paying  his  bills  and  his  help  ; 
as  well  as  the  country  and  city  merchant,  sufl'er- 
ing under  a  stagnation  of  business  which  is  at 
lea.st  partly  due  to  this  cause,  doubts  it  also. 

On  the  other  hand  it  is  quite  true  that  the 
question  is  one  of  actual  profit  rather  than  of 
actual  price,  and  it  makes  not  much  difference 
whether  wheat  sells  for  ^\.W>  (costing  75  cents  to 
produce  it),  or  75  cents  (costing  50  cents  to  pro- 
duce it).  In  either  ease  the  real  profit  to  the 
producer  is  25  cents  per  bushel.  But  to  reduce 
the  cost  of  pioduction  is  easier  said  than  done. 
When  friend  Atkinson  suggests  the  use  of  less 
seed  as  the  proper  remedy,  he  is  blundering  again. 
The  remedy  like  other  homeopathic  ones,  is  too 
thin.  ;it  is"  applicable  to  soils  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation,  and  then  is  insignificant  as  compared 
with  the  general  result,  but  it  would  be  folly  to 
ajiply  it  on  poorer  and  particularly  hurriedly- 
prepared  soils,  where  such  a  saving  might  be  of 
some  account.  We  again,  and  implicity  trust  in 
the  good  sense  of  the  farmer  to  find  more  effective 
ways  of  reducing  the  cost  of  production,  or  of  re- 
ducing the  latter  itself,  should  it  prove  an  un- 
profitable one. 

We  will  not  put  much  confidence  in  political 
mea.sures.  They  cannot  regulate  the  price  of 
wheat,  which  is  determined  by  the  laws  of  de- 
mand and  supply  in  the  old  world,  rather  than 
here.  Still  we  cannot  suppress  our  conviction 
that  no  means  would  be  as  effective  and  powerful 
in  reducing  the  cost  of  production  of  wheat  (and 
all  other  bread-stuffs),  as  a  reasonable  reductiou 
of  our  tariff  rates. 


Scheming  demagogues  have  tried  hard  and  per- 
sistently to  veil  the  true  issue  of  the  tariff  ques- 
tion. It  was  necessary  for  them  to  draw  the 
farmers'  attention  away  from  the  fact  that  hun- 
dreds of  millions  of  rlollars,  extorted  from  the 
sweat  of  the  poor,  are  accumulating  in  the 
trea-sury,  as  a  fund  of  corrujition  and  a  perpetual 
temptation  to  hi.ngry  politicians. 


A  few  dozen  celery  plants  may  be  nicely  kept 
for  use  during  winter  by  standing  them,  after 
being  cleaned,  washed,  and  the  ends  of  roots 
trimmed,  in  a  tub  or  barrel  containing  a  few 
inches  of  water.  Or  pack  them  in  a  box  in  web 
moss,  and  keep  standing  upright. 

After  repeated  trials  of  .salt  as  a  top-dressing, 
on  both  garden  and  fields,  we  have  not  seen  posi- 
tive effects,  one  way  or  the  other,  which  wouldl 
justify  me  to  recommend  or  disapprove  its  use. 
It  is  sheer  nonsense  to  expect  that  weeds,  or  weed" 
seeds,  can  be  killed  by  the  a))plication  of  a  little 
salt.  Vegetables  are  tenderer  than  weeds  and. 
would  be  destroyed  first. 


Speaking  of  salt,  we  arc  reminded  of  a  comicaE 
notion  of  the  Farm  Juiirinil.  Friend  A.  is  con- 
stantly telling  his  readers  that  milk  cows  should 
not  have  salt!  Why?  Because  he  does  not  be- 
lieve that  they  need  it.  Yet,  with  singular  con- 
sistency he  adds  "  possibly  steers  may  lay  on  fat 
faster,  "when  given  salt."  Well,  what  is  .sauce 
for  the  gander  is  sauce  for  the  goose.  But  in 
order  to  be  sure  on  this  point,  and  believing  that 
if  salt  is  hurtful  to  an  animal,  it  is  so  to  man,  let 
the  experiment  be  made  with  friend  A.,  rather 
than  with  dumb  brutes.  Perhaps  he  will  not 
like  his  victuals  witliout  salt  and  pepper  and' 
vinegar,  but  nevermind  his  depraved  appetite; 
let  taste  give  way  to  reason.  Good  sense  fells- 
him  that  seasoning  is  not  necessary.  But  in. 
behalf  of  the  poor  cow,  with  a  strong,  natural 
appetite  for  salt,  an  appetite  that  is  also  the  best 
safeguard  against  her  over-indulgence,  if  regu- 
larly jirovided,  we  apjieal  to  the  farmer  to  stick 
to  the  old  habit  of  feeding  salt  at  least  once  a. 
week.     Pardon  the  disgression. 


"  Cleanliness  is  next  to  Godliness,"  not  less  in- 
the  garden  than  with  ourselves.  Cleanliness  is- 
conducive  to  health  and  comfort.  Children, 
should  be  washed  before  they  are  sent  to  bed, 
and  the  garden  needs  cleaning  before  the  long' 
night  of  winter.  Gather  up  all  the  weeds  and' 
vines  and  other  rubbish,  and  burn  them,  if  for  no- 
other  reason  than  for  the  destruction  of  insects, 
and  their  eggs.  A  thorough  cleaning  can  be- 
given  bv  means  of  the  phut.  Bury  the  past  with. 
six  or  eight  inches  of  soil,  the  past  with  all  its' 
errors  and  blunders  and  mishaps,  then  leave  the- 
garden  to  the  tender  mercies  of  winter.  One- 
more  look  back  •'  over  the  garden  wall,"  ami 
adieu,  my  love.     Au  revoir  in  1885. 


Old  dead  or  decaying  fruit  trees  should  be  re- 
moved at  once  from"  your  fields  and  orchards,  antV 
burnt  up  without  delay.  Many  injurious  insects 
will  thereby  be  destroyed. 

It  hardly  ever  pays  to  "  fill  in  "  vacant  spacesi 
in  old  orchards  with  young  trees.  These  latter 
cannot  receive  the  proper  attention  and  cultiva- 
tion, struggle  along  for  a  while  under  the  disad- 
vantages of  sod  and  shade,  and  at  last  succumb- 
to  the  attacks  of  insects,  which  are  always  nu- 
merous in  old  orchards,  and  ready  to  pounce- 
ui>on  evervthing  "  young  and  tender." 

Rather  select  a  piece  of  new  ground,  prepare  it 
well  as  you  would  for  corn,  and  set  out  a  new  or- 
chard. Proper  cultivation  will  then  insure  success^ 


THi;^  FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


13 


(slilPPINGS. 


ItUour  desire  to  make  these  so/uU  and  varied  that  every 
-reader  if  Thk  Fakm  and  Garden,  evfn  thouylt.  he  takes 
■910  other  pa]>er  canfeH  in  a  measure  acquainted  with  all 
the  leading  publications. 


JYoTfi"  Our  Country  Home,"  Greenrir/d,  Mass. 
CONGRESSIONAL  FARMERS. 
After  the  adjournment  of  Congress,  those  representa- 
tives who  have  rural  constituencies  will  return  to  their 
Phonies,  and  will  develop  a  great  regard  fur  agriculture. 
During  the  past  session  very  few  of  them  have  given 
any  evidence  of  this,  except  by  voting  large  appropria- 
tions which  will  give  each  one  of  them  a  few  thousand 
papers  of  seeds  and  five  hundred  copies  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Report  for  distribution  among  their  favored  con- 
iStituents.  They  haveintroducedand  urged  the  enactment 
■of  bills  calculated  to  benefit  the  railroad  speculator,  the 
.merchant,  the  banker,  the  manufacturer,  and  the  law- 
yer, but  not  one  in  twenty  has  proposed  any  legislation 
•calculated  to  benefit  the  farmer.  Yet  they  will  goto 
-cattle  shows,  masquerading  as  the  "Friend  of  the 
Farmer,"  and  they  will  make  eloquent  speeches  at  din- 
ner tables  about  the  dignity  and  respectability  ot  rural 
life.  The  farmers  should  not  be  deceived  by  these 
|)olitical  hucksters,  but  should  ask  them  what  they  have 
tUine,  in  a  session  which  has  lasted  seven  months,  to  ad- 
vance the  agricultural  interests.  As  election  time  ap- 
proaches, I  shall  not  be  surprised  if  some  of  these  soft- 
handed  politicians  go  about  disguised  in  brogans  and 
blue  overalls,  singing,  like  Petroleum  V.  Nasby's  mock- 
Orangers, 

We  are  the  farmers  oT  the  day, 
Scatter  the  hay-seed  rouad  them* 

In  blaniev  we  for  votea  will  pay, 
Scatter  the  ha/>si;ed  round  tbem. 

Sen  Perley  Poore. 

W.  E.  Gladstone,  reported  hij  '*  Live  Slock  Journal," 
London,  England. 
POULTRY  IN  ENGLAND. 
•'  I  will  now  take  another  case — that  of  eggs ;  that  Is  a 
very  good  Illustration,  for  it  is  In  everybody's  power  to 
Tear  poultry,  and.  If  I  may  say,  grow  eggs.  In  1S55, 
tthougli  that  was  a  time  when  freedom  of  trade  had 
advanced  largely  in  the  country,  and  when  there  was, 
•consequently,  a  verj' great  increase  In  the  consumption 
•of  good  food  by  the  people,  100,000,000  eggs  were  impor- 
ted from  abroad,  which  represented  a  consumption  of 
an  average  of  3'2  foreign  egg.i  to  every  man,  woman, 
and  child.  You  might  have  said,  if  asked  to  send  eggs: 
'  Oh,  no ;  there  are  already  plenty,  or  more  than  enough 
■in  the  market.'  But  that  is  not  the  fact,  for  in  18S0  the 
import  had  increased  to  7.50,000,000  eggs  from  foreign 
countries.  It  is  hardly  credible,  so  vast  and  so  multi- 
plied is  the  demand  for  these  little  but  very  useful  com- 
modities, every  one  of  them  helping  to  feed  somebody. 
The  consumption  per  head  has  increased  from  3,'a  to 
no  fewer  than  26f2  eggs.  That  illustrates  what  I  have 
said  to  you  about  the  enormous,  insatiable  capacity  uf 
the  human  stomach.  Depend  upon  it,  that  if  it  be  in 
your  power  to  turn  your  attention— I  do  not  say  at  first 
on  a  very  large  but  on  a  mnderate  scale — to  the  produc- 
tion of  those  articles  which  are  of  the  nature  of  com- 
■forts,  or  even  comparative  luxuries,  for  popular  con- 
eumplion,  j-ou  will  find  that  the  market  will  graduallj- 
open  and  adjust  itself  for  their  reception.  I  think  the 
figures  I  have  quoted  are  a  distinct  proof  of  the  truth 
and  reality  of  what  I  have  said. 


J^«am  ' 


Vick's  Monihhj,"  Ilorhester,  N.  K 
THE  CACTUS. 


It  may  seem  strange  to  those  persons,  not  admirers  of 
the  cactus,  that  anyone  can  see  any  beauty  in  such  a 
plant,  often  covered  with  thorns  which  pierce  us,  and  in 
its  best  estate,  destitute  of  that  easy  grace  which  helps 
^vi^  our  regard  for  our  favorites.  But  there  are  enthu- 
siasts engaged  in  making  collections  of  the  cactus  plant, 
and  if  it  is  true  that  it  is  to  be  used  and  perliaps  used  up 
in  time,  for  manufacture,  cacti  collectors  will  increase  in 
numbers  indefinitely.  If,  as  stated,  it  will  take  only 
fleven  years  at  the  present  rate  of  waste  to  annihilate 
all  the  yellow  pine,  the  question  of  cactus  growth  is 
■only  a  question  of  time. 

A  Boston  paper  states  that  the  "Mexican  government 
Is  encouraging  the  manufacture  of  paper  and  textile 
fabrics  from  cactus,  and  has  recently  granted  important 
concessions  to  the  individuals  who  propose  engaging 
in  the  new  Industry.  They  are  given  the  exclusive 
right  to  gather  the  cactus  for  ten  years,  from  the  govern- 
jnent  lands.  The  grant  further  provides  that  for  each 
mill  of  the  value  of  $h30,000  erected  by  the  grantees  for 
the  manufacture  of  pai)er  from  the  cactus  leaf,  the  gov- 
ernment shall  give  a  premium  of  $30,000." 

Paper,  it  would  seem,  can  be  made  from  almost  any- 
thing, but  what  about  the  textile  fabrics?  One  of  the 
most  beautiful  bonnets  I  ever  saw  was  made  from  the 
cactus  fibre,  so  it  was  said.  It  had  a  silvery  sheen  unlike 
any  other  material.  Kow,  if  the  bonnet  and  hat  manu- 
facturers take  hold  of  this  industry,  and  make  their 
-goods  of  it,  they  will  not  be  long  in  diminishing  the  sup- 
ply of  planta,^  Bonnets  are  shart-lived.  Only  a  few 
seconds  suffice  to  make  a  hat  or  bonnet  on  a  sewing 
machine,  and  one  man  can  press  ninety  dozen  a  day,  on 
an  average,  by  machinery.  On  lands  well  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  the  cactus  it  may  prove  as  chean  to  culti- 
vate the  plants,  and  raise  them  on  a  grand  scale,  as  to 
gather  the  wild  plants  when  they  become  scarce.  That 
they  could  be  produced  at  a  low  cost,  if  there  should  be 
sufllcient  demand,  there  is  little  doubt. 


Chas.  Downing  in  "Rural  New  Yorker,"  New  York. 
THE  MARLBORO  RASPBERRY. 

Your  correspondent,  A.  B.  C.  (why  not  give  his  real 
name?),  in  the  Jiitral  New  rorArer  of  July  19th,  page  463, 
states  that  he  saw  "the  Marlboro  Raspberry  in  all  its 
glory,  or  at  least  all  the  glory  it  will  ever  attain  in  New 
Jersey."  It  was  on  the  best  of  soil  and  given  the  best 
possible  treatment,  but  the  canes  were  faltering,  and 
would  not  bring  out  their  first  crop,  etc.,  etc.,  "and  my 
firm  conviction  is,"  continues  this  anonymous  assailant, 
"from  what  I  have  seen  of  the  Marlboro,  it  will  not  do 
for  New  Jersey  and  locations  south  A'ard.  I  can  see 
nothing  in  it  but  Idieus  blood." 

Having  examined  the  Marlboro  Raspberry  carefully, 
I  think  otherwise,  and  doubt  if  it  has  very  much,  if  any, 
Idaeus  or  foreign  blood  in  it  (except  its  mature  leaves; ; 
but  I  believe  it  to  be  an  improved  seedling  of  the  Amer- 
ican red  (Rubus  strigosus),  or  it  may  be  the  result  of  a 
succession  of  improvements  or  crosses,  etc.  The  growth, 
and  habit  of  throwing  up  numerous  sprouts  or  suckers  ; 
the  strong,  vigorous,  upright  canes,  branching  a  little 
toward  the  top,  nearly  smooth,  witli  a  few  short  scatter- 
ing spines;  the  peculiar  reddish  color  of  the  young 
leaves  at  the  ends  of  the  new  shoots;  the  color  and 
flavor  of  the  fruit,  all  strongly  indicate  Its  native  origin. 

The  bright  scarlet  color  of  the  fruit  (which  adds 
greatly  to  its  market  value);  its  good  size,  quite  firm 
flesh,  which  retains  its  form  and  color  well,  and  keeps 
well,  are  all  qualities  which  make  the  Marlboro  promis- 
ing as  a  market  berry.  This  is  what  I  now  believe,  but 
my  practical  experience  with  the  fruit  has  not  been 
sufficient  to  warrant  my  giving  a  more  decided  opinion. 


Prom  "  Southern  Cultivator,"  Atlanta,  Ga. 
ABOUT    INCUBATORS. 

The  big  hen  still "'  pursues  the  even  tenor  of  her  way," 
neither  striking  for  higher  wages,  nor  asking  for  every 
Saturday  out.  She  has  company  now,  for  there  are 
several  more  in  this  locality,  all  working  faithfully,  to 
their  owners' enthusiastic  delight.  "We  have  a  brooder, 
or  artificial  mother,  that  is  as  perfect  in  Its  way  as  the 
hatcher.  Ours  has  a  glass  run,  an  extra  attachment, 
where  the  little  chicks  have  a  fine  time.  In  spite  of  rain, 
cold,  wind,  and  wet  grass.  The  brooder  shelters  and 
warms  them,  and  in  pleasant  weather  the  chicks  are 
allowed  to  pass  from  the  "run"  on  the  grass,  and  to 
wander  at  will.  It  is  fuimy  to  see  how  they  scamper 
for  the  shelter  of  their  glass  house  when  there  comes  a 
sudden  shower  ;  and  funny,  too,  to  note  how,  when  shut 
in,  they  tap  at  the  wire  end,  or  exit,  Just  like  a  parcel  of 
cross,  impatient  children  who  do  not  care  a  jot  how  wet 
they  get  themselves  or  their  clothes,  only  that  they  may 
go  out  and  play,  rain  or  shine. 

Two  weeks  ago  a  hen  hatched  out  a  brood  of  chicks, 
having  been  set  the  same  day  that  a  lot  of  eggs  were 
placed  in  the  hatcher;  in  pity  to  the  featliered  mother, 
we  allowed  her  to  keep  her  brood.  But  in  ten  days' 
time  the  difference  in  the  growth,  between  the  hen's 
brood  of  fifteen,  and  the  brooder's  brood  of  sixty,  was  so 
marked  that  we  deposed  the  hen,  especially  as  she  had 
a  way  of  sitting  on  her  cliicks  that  was  detrimental,  and 
made  them. feel  decidedly  flat.  Motliers  do  "sit  on" 
their  children,  sometimes— you  know  it  Is  a  way  they 
have,  all  the  world  over. 

My  poultry  yard  boasts  of  two  other  very  Important 
assistants,  too— hand  mills,  that  make  us  independent 
of  the  miller,  who  does  not  exist  in  many  of  our 
Southern  sections.  We  grind  corn  coarse  or  fine;  and 
all  the  dry  or  green  bones  we  can  pick  up  get  turned 
into  bone  meal  for  our  little  ones,  from  their  first  day  on 
earth,  right  along.  It  would  be  a,  costly  item  if  we  had 
to  buy  It  all,  for  we  can  supply  our  laying  hens,  too; 
and  it  is  too  important  a  food  for  their  health  and 
growth,  and  egg  production,  to  go  without.  So  we  are 
proud  of  our  mills,  and,  do  not  see  how  we  could  do 
without  them.  

From  ■'Ctdttvafor  and  Omntry  Gentleman,"  Albany,  N.  Y. 
THE  LATEST  KNOWLEDGE   ABOUT  GAPES. 

The  gape  worm  maybe  termed  the  hete  noir  of  the 
poultry-keeper— his  greatest  enemy— whether  he  be 
farmer  or  fancier.  It  is  true  there  are  some  who  declare 
that  it  is  unknown  in  their  poultry-yards— that  they 
have  never  been  troubled  with  it  at  all.  These  are  apt 
to  lay  it  down,  as  I  saw  a  correspondent  did  in  a  recent 
number  of  the  Cot;NTRY  Gentleman,  that  the  cause  is 
want  of  cleanliness,  or  neglect  in  some  way.  But  I  can 
vouch  that  that  is  not  so.  I  have  been  in  yard.*  where 
everything  was  first-rate — where  no  fault  in  the  way  of 
neglect  could  be  found— and  yet  the  gapes  were  there; 
and  on  the  other  hand,  I  have  known  places  where 
every  condition  seemed  favorable  to  the  development 
of  such  a  disease,  and  there  it  was  absent— this  not  in 
isolated  cases,  but  in  many.  No,  we  must  look  elsewhere 
for  tlie  cause. 

Observations  lead  me  to  the  belief  that  gapes  are 
more  than  usually  troublesome  during  a  wet  spring  or 
summer  following  a  mild  winter.  This  would  tend  to 
show  that  the  eggs  from  which  the  worm  (that  is  in 
itself  the  disease)  emerges,  is  communicated  from  the 
ground,  from  the  food  eaten,  or  the  water  drunk,  in  the 
first  instance,  but  it  is  more  than  possible  that  the 
insects  themselves  may  pass  from  one  fowl  to  another. 
All  this  we  can  expect  as  a  settled  fact,  and  also  any 
description  of  the  way  in  which  the  parasitic  worms 
attach  themselves  to  the  throats  of  tlie  birds,  and  cause 
the  peculiar  gaping  of  the  mouth,  which  gives  the  name 
to  tlie  disease. 


Many  remedies  have  been  suggested,  and  my  object 
now  is  to  communicate  some  of  the  later  ones— thus  to 
give  a  variety  of  methods,  so  that  in  the  case  of  the 
failure  of  one,  another  will  be  at  hand  ready  to  be  tried. 
It  is  a  mistake  always  to  pin  the  faith  to  one  remedy, 
for  the  varying  conditions  found  in  fowls  compel  a 
diflferent  treatment.  The  old  plan  of  dislodging  the 
worms  with  a  feather  is  well  known,  and  need  not  be 
described  again.  But  I  may  mention  that  in  this  coun- 
try some  have  found  the  use  of  an  ointment,  first  sug- 
gested by  Mr.  Lewis  Wright,  I  believe,  most  valuable. 
This  is  made  of  mercurial  ointment,  two  parts;  pure 
lard,  two  parts;  flour  of  sulphur,  one  part;  crude  petro- 
leum, one  part— and  when  mixed  together  is  applied  to 
the  lieads  of  the  chicks  as  soon  as  they  are  dry  after 
hatching.  Many  have  testified  that  tliey  have  never 
found  tliis  to  fail  as  a  preventive,  and  if  the  success  is  to 
be  attributed  to  the  ointment,  it  would  seem  as  if  the 
insects  are  driven  off  by  its  presence,  for  the  aiiplicatiou 
to  the  heads  merely,  would  not  kill  the  eggs. 


J^07?i "  Forestry  Lullrtin,''  0  Phw  Street,  New  York. 
THE  TARIFF  ON  LUMBER. 

The  necessity  of  preserving  and  even  extending  our 
forests  is  now  so  universally  admitted,  tliat  the  only 
question  which  needs  discussion  with  respect  to  the  lum- 
ber tariff,  is  whether  it  promotes  or  hinders  the  destruc- 
tion of  forests.  It  would  seem  to  be  a  matter  of  plain 
common  sense,  which  admitted  of  only  one  answer.  So 
far  as  the  tariff  has  the  slightest  protective  effect.  It 
must  exclude  foreign  lumber  and  so  compel  and  increase 
the  consumption  of  domestic  lumber  and  the  continued 
destruction  of  domestic  forests.  &Iuch  has  been  and 
may  still  fairly  be  said  in  favor  of  the  protective  system 
generally,  on  the  ground  that  it  tends  to  develop  our 
natural  resources.  But  a  protective  duty  on  lumber  has 
the  very  opposite  effect.  Instead  of  developing  our  re- 
sources, it  destroys  them.  It  puts  a  premium  on  the  de- 
struction of  natural  forests,  which  can  never  be  replaced 
by  artificial  culture,  and  the  removal  of  which  tends  to 
change  our  climate  and  desolate  our  country.  There 
was  a  time  in  which  so  large  a  portion  of  the  country- 
was  covered  with  forests  that  immense  tracts  had  to  be 
cleared  in  order  to  make  room  for  human  residents  and 
cultivation.  But  that  state  of  things  has  long  since 
passed  away.  It  still  exists,  however,  in  large  portions 
of  Canada;  and  thus  the  bounty  of  Nature  has  provided 
a  means  for  deficiencies,  with  benefit  to  both  countries 
and  injury  to  neither.  But  a  tariff  wall  is  interposed  to 
hinder  Canada  fr(.m  supplying  wants  and  to  fttrce  our 
own  people  to  continue  the  destruction  of  our  forests, 
long  after  such  a  course  has  ceased  to  be  desirable  or 
even  excusable. 

The  only  pleas  which  are  made  In  defense  of  this  duty 
are  (1)  that  it  is  necessary  to  cut  down  our  forests  in 
order  to  prevent  their  destruction  by  fire  from  advanc- 
ing settlements,  and  (2)  that  tiie  iidmission  of  foreigu 
lumber  would  reduce  the  wages  of  American  workmen. 
We  answer : 

I.  The  repeal  of  the  lumber  tariff  would  not  put  an 
end  to  all  lumbering  in  this  country,  and  would  indeed 
not  reduce  it  as  much  as  it  ought  to  be  reduced.  The 
work  of  cutting  down  trees  will  continue  with  unabated 
vigor  in  the  neighborhood  of  all  settlements  where  there 
is  any  danger  from  settlers'  fires.  The  only  places  In 
which  tree  cutting  will  be  diminished,  are  those  whicli 
are  remote  from  busy  settlements  and  where  the  only 
danger  of  fires  arises  from  the  presence  of  the  lumber- 
men themselves. 

II.  The  wages  of  lumbermen  will  not  l)e  cut  down, be* 
cause  many  thousands  of  them  now  come  from  Canada 
who  would  return  at  once  if  Canadian  lumber  were 
admitted  duty  free.  It  is  the  importation  of  Canadian 
laborers  and  not  Canadian  lumber  which  reduces  the 
wages  of  American  lumbermen.  There  are  many  other 
reasons  wliy  wages  could  not  be  reduced ;  but  this  single 
fact  would  suffice  to  produce  an  absolute  advance  of 
wages  in  the  lumber  business  on  the  American  side. 

The  lumber  business  of  the  United  States  would  suflier 
no  injury  whatever.  If  we  repealed  our  tax  on  im- 
ported lumber,  the  Canadian  government  would  repeal 
its  export  lax  on  logs.  Canadian  logs  would  then  come 
in  freely,  and  our  saw-miils  would  be  as  fully  occupied 
as  ever.  The  profits  of  manufacturers  and  dealers 
would  be  just  as  large  as  before,  and  their  means  of  pay- 
ing wages  would  be  increased.  There  is  but  one  class 
who  would  suffer  from  the  change,  and  it  is  from  that 
class  that  all  the  opposition  comes.  The  owners  of  tim- 
ber lands  know  that  their  "stumpage,"  which  is  only 
another  name  for  rent,  would  he  reduced  by  the  compe- 
tition of  Canadian  timber  lands.  The  rent  of  timber 
lands  has  been  a  .source  of  vast  income  to  a  small  class, 
who  are  very  powerful  by  reason  of  their  concentrated 
wealth.  They  have  made  vast  fortunes  by  purchasing 
land  from  the  government  at  very  low  prices,  and  sell- 
ing the  privilege  of  cutting  timber  fVom  those  lands  at 
three  or  four  times  the  whole  cost  of  the  land.  Although 
many  of  them  have  made  great  fortunes  in  this  way, 
they  naturally  desire  to  increase  these  fortunes  still 
more,  and  so  long  as  a  single  pine  tree  remains  in  this 
country  uncut,  their  chances  for  making  a  large  profit 
on  "stumpage"  will  still  remain.  Many  of  these  gentle- 
men are  worth  reveral  millions  of  dollars  each,  and 
they  are  still  struggling  to  obtain  "a  modest  compe- 
tency." We  sympathize  with  their  anxiety  to  avoid  the 
perils  of  starvation,  but  the  people  of  the  United  Stales 
can  hardly  afford  to  have  their  climate  changed,  their 
rivero  dried,  and  vast  districts  of  tlie  cotintry  ruined,  for 
thesakeof  adding  to  the  prosperity  of  the  men  who  are 
already  millionaires.— TAos.  G.  Shtarman. 


14 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


(iOI^I^ESPONDBNGE. 


Jno.  F.  O'Reilly,  Warren,  Pa.,  asks  if  trees  can 
be  saved  when  injured  by  leaky  gas  ))ij)es.  AV'e 
fear  not.  The  gas  will  destroy  the  roots.  Use 
iron  pipes  in  place  of  wooden. 

M.  H.  W.  Hamburg,  Iowa,  asks  if  it  will  do  to 
bud  plums  and  cherries  on  peach  stocks.  We  do 
not  advise  it.  The  trees  are  not  as  liealtby  and 
are  liable  to  tlie  attacks  of  the  peach  borer. 

Mrs.  G.tskill,  Swarthraore,  Pa. : — We  have  a 
potato  (Mammoth  Pearl),  that  weighs  one  pound 
nine  ounces;  and  tiiree  whose  aggregate  weight  is 
three  pounds  sev'en  ounces.  Who  can  beat  this? 
Thev  are  lovely  while  and  mealy. 

+ 
Charles  H.  W  right,  no  State,  asks  how  black 
currants  are  propagated.  From  cuttings  a  foot  or 
so  long,  planted  in  the  fall  or  early  spring  deejily 
in  the  soil,  leaving  only  a  few  buils  aiwve  ground, 
usually  three  or  four  are  sufficient.  They  strike 
root  readily.  , 

Mrs.  J.  R.  Payne,  Rock  Port,  Mo. :—"  Please 
accept  thanks  for  our  Gladiolus  bulb,  it  i-.  in  full 
bloom;  we  are  highly  pleased  with  it.  Will  you 
please  inform  me  the  best  way  to  protect  the  bulb 
from  cold  weatlier  ?"  Take  tliem  up  and  dry  them. 
Keep  tliem  in  paper  bags  or  in  sand. 

G.  C.  Jones,  of  Sioux  Falls,  asks  which  of  the 
four  breeds  of  poultry,  Black  Breasted  Red 
Games,  Brown  Legliorns,  Buff  or  Partridge 
Cochins  woulil  be  best  on  a  limited  range  in 
Dakotah.  We  should  recommend  Partridge 
Cochins,  the  Leghorns  would  be  troubled  with 
frozen  combs,  and  do  not  bear  Cfutinement  well. 
The  Games  would  do  well  if  the  combs  are 
closely  cropped.  . 

Mrs.    Charles   Grant,   Reddick,    Illinois,    asks 

how  to  make  charcoal    for  poultry  from   apple- 

T.ooo.ooo  F«rm=  it,  ih,-    wood.  For  a  small  ipianlitv 

Viiiiid  si.-,i.<,  i.r.oo.oiio    ,,f  charcoal,  take  tlic  wood 

torul  circul;ition    of    all    Ihi-  ,       ,  ■  i  ^t 

A.Ticuitiirai  Fopers.    Bo  a    "nd  place  It  ou  end  on  the 
mi.,ionary  mid  Introduce  Che    .'nmn,!  in  a  cone  form,  the 

Farm  avo  (iardbn  to   the  ♦      .  ,        <..i  ...       , 

forms  out  ot  5  who  take  uo    top  ciuls  ot  Uie  sticks  lean- 
impcr.   The pric- at 2.i conn     jn^r  i,,     and  place    sods 

a  vearls  always  an  Introduc-  i    ji  i     ^       i 

tloa,  and  the'quallty  Is   not  aroUIld    tllC     WOOd     tO    Keep 

less    attraetlve.       So    doing  yut  the    air,  leavillg   Olllv  a 
Vlll  enable  us  to  matte  ana-  ,,  ,  ^         i'  •       ,i  * 

per  still  more  worth?  or  the  small     place     to     kiiuile    a 

greatest  induslrv  In  tie  world  {[,.,.         Wllell     the    tire     lias  | 

been  well  started,  and  the  kiln  hot,  cover  it  up  i 
with  dirt  and  it  will  slowly  burn  and  leave  only 
coal.  . 

B.  G.  Corban,  of  (''orliandalc,  Tennessee,  asks 
if  common  brook  minnows  will  jiurify  the  water 
of  a  cistern  That  depends  on  the  cause  of  the 
impurity.  If  it  is  causeil  by  the  decay  of  worms  i 
and  insects,  the  fish  will  cleanse  the  water;  but 
if  it  is  caused  by  mud  and  rotten  wnod.  lish  will 
not  do  it.  Cleanse  the  cistern  of  all  lillli  if  any 
be  present,  aiul  the  fish  will  keep  the  worms  out. 
Any  kind  of  fish  usually  found  in  brooks  will 
answer.  . 

Will.  J.  Oberlin,  Massillon,  Ohio  : — "  In  your 
issue  of  Septeml)er,  page  li,  you  say  "  tuberoses, 
when  done  rtowering,  <fcc.,  sboultl  be  li-id  on  their 
sides,  without  water,  until  they  begin  to  flower 
next  spring."  Do  tuberoses  (lower  more  times 
than  one?  I  have  liad  hniulreds  every  year  for 
the  last  ten  j'ears,  and  never  knew  they  bloomed 
but  once,  and  tlierefore,  1  threw  them  away  after 
blooming."  They  bloom  but  once;  but  the  otfsetts 
on  tlie  bulbs  will  bloom  the  secoiul  year  if  well 
grown.  Keep  tiiem  drv  tliiring  winter. 
'•¥ 

H.  G.  McGonegal,  of  New  York  City,  asks  the 
origin  of  the  name  of  "  Kainit,"  and  the  chemi- 
cal composition.  We  gave  in  our  September 
number  of  last  year  a  full  account  of  Kainit. 
We  reproduce  from  it  the  composition  of  one  ton 
of  200IJ  jiounds:  Sulphate  of  Potash,  41ii)  lbs.; 
Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  2.sri  lbs. ;  Chloride  of 
Magnt'sia,  2-52  lbs. ;  Chloride  of  Sodium,  640  lbs.; 
Moisture,  288  lbs. ;  Insoluble,  .'58  lbs. ;  total, 
20110  lbs.  It  is  dug  like  common  salt  in  Germany, 
and  exists  in  vast  deposits  from  300  to  1200  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
+ 

Mrs.W.  C.  Israel,  of  Olynipia, Washington  Ter- 
ritory, asks  about  a  wild  crab-ap|de  that  grows  in 
the  forest  near  the  orchard.  All  our  cultivated 
apples  had  their  origin  in  the  crab-apple  of 
Europe,  and  will,  when  grown  from  seetl,  go  back 
more  or  less  to  the  old  stock.  Doubtless  your 
seedling  is  of  that  class,  and  may  be  a  valuable 
fruit.  The  difference  between  crab  and  other 
afiples  is  not  well  marked,  and  they  run  together 
so  closely  it  is  hardly  possible  to  tell  whether 


some  of  them  should  be  classed  as  Whitnes.  No. 
'20,  althiiugh  classed  as  a  crab,  is  a  good  table 
fruit.  Your  apple  may  be,  for  its  lateness,  very 
valuable ;  and  it  may  be  a  seedling  worthy  of 
trial. 

TAKE  AN  INVOICE. 

I  find  it  profitable  as  well  as  interesting  to  take 
an  inventory  of  all  I  have  every  year.  I  have 
always  made  it  a  rule  to  keep  a  strict  account  of 
all  the  different  ojjerations  tin  the  farm.  1  farm 
to  make  money,  ami  tlie  only  way  1  can  kiiow 
accuratelv  whether  I  am  doing  this  or  not,  is  to 
keep  a  strict  account  of  everything;  and  then,  if 
I  have  made  money  I  want  to  know  how,  and  on 
what  crop,  and  in  order  to  do  this  correctly,  I 
take  an  invoice  every  year  the  first  of  Januarv. 
I  keep  this  in  my  account  book  so  that  1  can 
refer  to  it  at  any  time. 

In  doing  this  I  take  tlie  market  price  at  the 
time  the  invoice  is  made,  as  a  trnide.  In  farm 
machinery,  of  course  smnetbing  must  be  allowed 
for  wear  and  tear,  and  iviih  the  lami,  if  the  farm 
has  been  kept  up  as  it  should,  something  cau  be 
I  added  for  this.  If  the  farm  is  cultivated  and 
attended  to  as  it  should,  the  value  should  increase 
every  year.  Xo  rule  can  be  set  down  for  this 
kind  of  work,  you  must  use  your  own  jiulgment, 
liiit  do  not  let  an  overweaning  desire  to  make  the 
profit  side  of  the  balance  sheet  as  large  as  possi- 
ble, induce  you  to  make  this  too  much. 

N.  J.  SHEPIIEKD, 

Elilnii.  Mo. 


I  see  instructions  in  your  noble  paper  how  to 
make  an  egg-tester  ;  but  let  me  ofi'er  a  few  thought^ 
as  to  liow  a  more  convenient  one  may  be  made. 
Take  a  piece  of  pasteboard  ten  inches  wide  and 
ei^'ht  long,  roll  this  iiil'>  the  sha)ie  of  a  long  fun- 
nel, having  the  small  enil  with  a  hole  about  one 
and  (Uie  half  inch  in  diameter,  ami  the  other 
three  inches  across.  Sew  it  so  it  will  stay,  cover 
the  large  entl  with  thick  black  cloth,  cut  a  hole 
nearly  as  large  as  an  egg;  then  by  having  a  lamp 
or  the  sun,  liolil  the  egg  against  the  large  hole, 
ami  looking  through  the  other  end  you  can  soon 
see  whetlier  the  eggs  are  fertile  or  not. 

W.  D.  ST.AMilAlGH, 

In^txtrij,  Kansas. 

As  I  have  just  been  preparing  a  dose  for  my 
bug  monopolisms;  and  noticing  in  the  last  num- 
ber of  your  pajier  an  apjieal  to  your  readers  for 
the  establishment  of  a  "  mutual  protection  and 
benefit  society,"  I  thought  I  would  give  in  my 
bit  of  knowledge.  I  have  tried  for  four  years, 
tobacco  water  for  all  kinds  of  vines,  cabbages, 
and  cauliflowers.  I  can  get  the  stems  here  that 
are  thrown  out  by  the  cigar  nuikers,  steep  them, 
have  the  solution  strting.  I  sprinkle  it  over  the 
vines  with  ray  hand,  it  suits  me  better  than  to 
use  a  sprinkler,  letting  it  run  well  down  the  roots, 
as  the  bugs  work  so  badlv  there.  It  will  hurt 
nothing;  it  tloes  not  kill  the  bugs;  I  only  know 
they  leave.  It  has  to  be  repeated  perhaps  every 
day  ;  but  we  are  well  paid  for  our  labcn-.  Could 
I  not  get  the  stems,  I  shoulil  get  the  leaves  if  I 
could  ;  if  not,  then  the  cheapest  old  plug  tobacco. 

Plea^^e  try  it  friends,  and  let  me  know  if  you 
are  benefiteil  as  1  have  been. 

Mrs.  C.'VKRiE  Imku, 

Monmouth,  Jt'aifni  Co.,  lit. 

If  I  am  not  mistaken  in  my  idea  that  a  farmer's 
paper  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  farming  eominunity, 
where  they  can  exchange  views,  through  the 
columns  of  their  paper,  one  with  the  other,  u))on 
till  products  of  the  farm  and  garden,  as  to  the 
best  metlnxl  of  raising,  shipping,  etc. ;  then  let  us 
hear  frois  our  pnirlu-iil  farmers  ( that  are  acquain- 
ted with  the  subject),  upon  the  subject  of  the 
Honey  Bee.  I  think  a  dej^artment  devoted  to  the 
Ajiiary  would  interest  many  of  your  readers,  and 
I  know  tiuite  a  numlier  of  farmers  that  keep  a 
few  hives  of  Vices  for  their  own  use  ami  pleaj<ure, 
who  woultl  be  pleased  to  hear  from  their  brother 
farmers,  as  to  tlie  best  mode  of  caring  for  the  bees 
through  the  winter;  descriptions  of  home-made 
hives,  where  the  frames  are  easy  of  access,  and 
sucli  other  items  of  interest  and  benejit  that  may 
come  before  them  from  month  to  month.  So 
farmers,  as  we  are  put  upon  this  earth  to  help 
one  another,  throw  your  mite  into  the  contribu- 
tion box  of  The  Farm  and  Gakdex  ;  and  I 
doubt  not  that  our  worthy  editors  will  give  it  an 
appropriate  place,  and  thank  you  for  taking  in- 


terest enough  in  their  paper  to  help  make  n  io, 
every  respect  the  farmers'  paper  of  the  country. 
Old  Beeswax^ 

Bethel,  Marion  County,  Iowa. 
In  February  number  of  Farm  and  Gardejt 

D.    F.  B.  states  that  a  hen, — now  miiiil,  o  hrn, 

will  lay  liOO  eggs,  as  folhiws  :  First  year  20,  second 
year  120,  third  year  1:1.5,  and  the  fourth  year  115^ 
total  in  tour  years  300,  and  the  rest,  I  "suppose^ 
when  she  gets  ready.  This  niav  all  be  true,  but 
if  a  hen  is  a  hen,  why  so  ma'iiy  kinds.  That 
kind  of  laying  may  do  for  Plyinonth  Rocks  or 
Leghorns,  but  it  is  a  libel  on  the  Partridge  Coch- 
ins. I  have  six  hens  of  that  breed  that  were  one 
year  old  the  27th  of  June.  Thev  began  to  lav  ot» 
the  liilli  of  March.  On  June  2rtli  they  had  laid  o'i 
eggs  each,  and  never  had  more  than' three  bone& 
out  of  some  old  cow's  legs,  and  never  .saw  wheat. 
Somelioily  had  better  count  again,  or  state  the- 
kind  of  hen  they  have  in  mind.  If  a  Leghorn 
will  commence  to  lay  at  four  and  a  half  or  five- 
months  old,  and  lay  as  good  as  the  Cochin,  she- 
has  at  least  four  months  start  (Leghorn  men  say 
they  will  lay  every  day),  and  she  ought  to  lay 
lots  more  than  20  eggs  "the  first  year.  I  put  my 
six  hens  in  a  yard  with  one  cock,  and  had  the 
best  of  hatches.  If  those  who  cannot  get  the- 
chicks  to  break  the  shell  will  soak  the  eggs  in 
warm  water  for  a  few  minutes  three  or  four  times 
a  ilay  just  about  the  time  for  them  to  batch,  it 
will  give  satisfaction.  I  think  I  can  stand  it. 
njitil  next  month.  I  have  a  crow  to  pick  with 
N.  J.  .Shepherd  about  the  bugs. 


John  Conner. 


EXPERIENCES  'WITH  FRAODS. 

One  of  our  subscribers  writes  thus  :  "  Last  year 
seeing  an  advertisement  in  -some  paper,  ofi'ering- 
a  magazine  and  jirescnt  for  one  dollar.  I  sent 
for  it.  I  enclose  you  the  notice  of  postponement- 
Not  only  did  1  not  receive  the  present,  but  the 
paper  itself  failed  to  arrive  after  a  few  months." 
With  the  letter  is  enclosed  a  number  of  prospec- 
tuses and  notices  of  postponement.  The  jiaper 
mentioned  is  the  Jfoiixehold  Magazine,  10  Barclay- 
street,  New  York,  and  notice  No.  1  postpones 
drawing  Ircun  October  l.'>tli  to  January  15th,  No.  2 
puts  it  ofl'from  January  1.5tli  to  Marcli  lotli,  and 
lastlv  No.  3  names  .May  30th  as  the  hap]iy  day. 
Verily,  the  newsjiaper  lottery  is  the  worst  beat 
known.  Remember,  we  told  vou  so. 
+         ■ 

The  thill  summer  months  have  not  shown  much 
activity  among  frauds,  but  Fall  will  awakeii 
them. 

+ 

The  Farm  journal  has  called  off  the  watchdog- 
too  stion,  we  think,  in  case  of  tlie  jiublishers  ot 
County  Histories.  It  is  true  the  parties  in  ques- 
tion arc  financially  responsible,  and  do  not/violate 
any  law  as  far  as  w-e  can  a.scertain,  but,  we  do  not 
consider  the  busiin'ss  honorable  to  say  the  least. 
The  operation  is  this: — .V  sleek  agent  calls  upon 
a  farmer  and  gets  his  order  for  a  County  History, 
to  contain  an  account  of  the  farmer  and  his 
family.  Incidentally  the  agent  mentions  a  jirice, 
but  here  it  is  left  indefinite.  When  the  book, 
which  is  really  of  little  value,  is  delivered,  the 
price  demandetl  is  ajit  to  be  higher  than  exjiected. 

A  number  of  concerns  in  Ma-ssachusetts  and 
other  States  have  swindled  the  imblic  in  this- 
manner: — .Advertising  work  to  do  at  home  in 
which  there  would  be  no  canvassing,  they  re- 
ceived inquiries  from  poor  people  all  over  the- 
country.  To  these  they  send  a  circular  describ- 
ing their  methods  of  coloring  photographs,  and 
the  money  they  paiil  for  work  in  this  line.  In 
the  end  of  the  circular  they  ask  $1.00  for  a  book 
of  instructions  to  enable  everyone  to  enter  into 
the  lucrative  business. 

.-V  number  of  these  concerns  have  been  lirokeii 
uj>  by  the  government  as  frauds  ;  and  frauils  they 
are.  as  the  dollar  for  the  book  was  all  profit. 

Hudson  Manufacturing  Company,  265  Sixth 
.\venue,  New  York,  have  a  similar  scheme. 
They  send  a  circular  entitled  "  Maltese  Lace 
Goods,"  describing  the  liberal  prices  they  Jiay  ti> 
have  fancy  work  dmie  for  them  at  home,  and 
ofl'ering  orders  for  caps,  tidies,  and  other  articles. 
The  end  of  this  circular  is  both  suggestive  and 
interesting.  "We  only  give  orders  for  work  to 
those  who  purchase  our  instruction  book,  imple- 
ments and  complete  outfit  for  $2.00." 

Be  careful  to  let  these  peojde  severely  alone. 


IVIEIM  WAN  I  til  .tuple  eootij" to  dealc" 
■  "  S90  A  MONTH,  Hotel  ami  travel, nj;  eypensespaid 
JUouurch  Novelty  Co.,  174  Kdcc  St.,  Clncinr::  r.  O, 


for  FALL 
PLANTING. 
'My  Eleganllt  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  Free  to  All. 
,\ililres3  \\M.  B.  IlEEU,  CliambersbHrg.  Pa. 


RULBS^ROSES' 

A'Mv  EleganlW  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE 


fays:  CRAPES 

BMALL   ntLITS    AND   TKEES.     LOW  TO   DEALERS   A>D   I'LANTERB.     EVERTTIII>tJ 
. CLASS.    FKEE  OATALOGtl-ES.    GEO.  W.  JOKSELYN.  FREDONIA.  N.  T. 


BEST  ItTOi 
INTH 
WOR 


ITOfTK|j 
HE         I 

FIRST  J 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


IS 


CQai^i^s  by  ^AGI^  Pl^OSIl. 


A  little  girl  joj-fiilly  assured  her  motlier  the 
otiier  day  tliut  she  hud  found  out  wliere  tliey 
made  horses;  she  had  seen  a  man  finishing  one. 
'*  He  was  nailing  on  his  last  foot." 

A  sewing-machine  agent  was  recently  attacked 
by  a  fierce  catamount,  near  Milford.  Strange  as 
it  may  appear,  the  catamount  escaped  without 
buying  one  of  the  machines. 

When  a  man  and  his  wife  engaged  in  a  debate 
the  other  night,  and  the  dog  got  up  and  scratched 
to  be  let  out  of  tlie  room,  they  concluded  it  was 
time  to  stop  the  discussion. 

When  their  Queen  died,  the  people  of  Mada- 
gascar wore  no  clothes  for  a  period  of  thirty  days. 
This  is  a  good  deal  cheaper  than  the  American 
plan  of  bankrupting  yourself  at  a  mourning- 
goods  store. 

Lord  Morpetli  used  to  tell  of  a  Scotch  friend  of 
his,  who,  to  tile  remark  that  some  peo]ile  cnuld 
not  tell  a  Jest  unless  it  was  tired  at  them  witli  a 
cannon,  replied,  "  Weel,  but  hoo  can  ye  tire  a 
jest  out  of  a  cannon,  mon  ?  " 

"Which  would  you  rather  have,  a  little  brother 
or  a  little  sister?  "  asked  Mrs.  Simpleton  of  her 
little  boy  Tommy. 

"  Oh,  ma,  don't  let  us  have  either  of  them — 
ohildren  are  such  a.  nuisance  about  a  house." 

"  I  wish  you  wouldn't  go  hunting,"  said  a  wife 
to  her  husband  ;  "it's  a  cruel  pleasure."  "  Don't 
Bee  how  it  can  be,"  said  the  husband;  "I  enjoy 
it,  the  dogs  enjoy  it,  you  enjoy  having  me  away, 
and  the  quail  enjoy  it,  for  1  couldn't  hit  one  to 
save  my  life." 

Scientists  now  boldly  declare  that  this  earth 
"was  peopled  50,000,(Mj(J  years  before  Adam  was 
born.  We  are  not  prepared  to  dispute  this  asser- 
tion in  the  least.  We  have  always  wondered  how 
mankind  could  learn  so  much  deviltry  iu  only 
6,000  years. 

A  ninety  year-old  colored  man  living  in  Talla- 
hassee went  out  hunting  theotlier  day,  and  during 
his  trip  it  is  claimed  that  he  killed  *'  three  bears, 
an  alligator,  a  rattle;-;nake,  and  ten  skunks,  and 
cut  three  bee  trees."  If  he  were  not  so  old  it 
might  pay  him  to  give  up  hunting  and  confine 
exclusively  to  lying. 

**  Mollie,  I  wish  yon  would  be  a  lietter  little 
girl."  said  an  .\ustin  father  to  his  little  daughter ; 
"  you  have  uo  idea  how  sorry  I  am  that  mama  i 

The  "Trib„„="  call,  itself  k^    to    SCold    you    all     the 

»  missionary  for   the  Repub-  time.  DOU  t  WOrrV  about  | 

licaos.     The  Farm  AND  Gar-  t*      ^„   J)    .,r„;.     *Kp    ,.,:., ,1.-    ^f 

ol.»  is  a  missionary  for  neiv  ">     P.^'        ^* '^*     ''"^    "^1".^     O' 

fruits,     honest     ad'yertisers,  the  little  angel,        I  am  UOt 

fi'eL°"'c''a°a''you''Sot''do°"m!    006  of  those  sciisitive  chil- 

Oe    miisionary     worlt.     an.l     drCU.  Half  the  time  I  dou't 
Increase  the  list  at  your  post-     J^^^^  .^^.j^^jj  g|,^  ^.^^.^„ 

Judge  Jere  Black,  famous  in  contemporary 
history  and  law,  long  wore  a  black  wig.  Having 
lately  donned  a  new  one,  which  looked  new,  and 
meeting  Senator  Bayard,  of  Delaware,  the  latter 
accosted  liim  : — "  Why,  Black,  how  young  Vfpii 
look,  y(»u  are  not  so  gray  as  I  am.  and  you  must 
be  twenty  years  older."  "  Humph,"  said  the 
Judge,  "  good  reason ;  your  hair  comes  by  descent. 
and  I  get  mine  by  purchase." 

Chicago  Preacher. — "  Yes,  the  attendance  has 
been  very  meagre  lately  ;  but  I  had  a  grand  con- 
gregation last  Sun  day,"  Visiting  brother. — "Last 
Sunday  ?  Why,  I  saw  by  the  pajiers  that  it 
stormed  here  terribly  last  Sunday."  "Yes,  as 
the  saying  is,  it  rained  ])itclifi>i-ks  all  day  long." 
"And  yet  you  say  that  your  church  was  crowded  ?" 
"Yes."  "  How  do  you  account  for  it 'V  "Well, 
you  see  tlie  weather  was  so  bad  that  they  had  to 
postpone  the  races." 

A  certain  farmer  iu  Iowa  will  be  safe  from 
some  annoyances  for  the  year  to  come.  He  wel- 
comed every  sort  of  an  agent,  and  they  left  every 
sort  of  an  instrument  ever  devised  by  mortal 
man,  until  the  ftirin-liouse  was  a  vast  museum  of 
natural  curiosities.  Tlie  piano  man  put  a  .?600 
piano  into  tlie  parlor  on  trial.  He  was  followed 
by  the  man  witli  tlie  ]iarlor  organ.  Then  came 
three  diiferent  sewing-machines,  a  .^2i>0  music 
bo.t,  three  $.50  oil  paintings,  a  parlor  suit,  a  .$75 
mirror,  a  melodeon,  a  liook  case,  two  accordeons, 
and  several  other  articles  which  could  be  paid 
for  on  the  monthlv  installment  plan.  When  the 
last  agent  had  disappeared  the  old  house  took 
fire  from  a  defective  flue,  ami  was  burned  to  the 
ground,  not  a  single  article  left  by  the  agents  be- 
ing saved.  "  Some  call  it  one  thing  and  some 
another,"  said  the  old  man,  as  he  pocketed  the 
insurance  on  the  house  and  goods,  "but  I  dunno. 
Providence  sometimes  works  in  cu'rus  ways. 
My  gittin'  burned  out  will  give  this  district  a 
rest  a  hull  year  to  come." 


f^DYBI^IiISEMENinS. 


In  writinn  advert txers  pUu^t  inention  I'arm  ami  Garden. 


cn  HANDSO-Ml-:  CHlt03IO  CARDS  with  your 
t'V  name  neatly  printed,  only  10  ct«.  Agents  wanted. 
Keystone  Card  Co.,  1112  Nevada  Street,  Ptiilad'a,  Pa. 


$65 


A  lUONTH  Rud  Board  for  three  live 
YounK  Men  or  I,adies  in  each  county. 
AddresH.   P.  W.  ZIEGLCR  &  CO.,  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


En  New,  Fancy  Cliroiiio  Cards.  Handsomest  sold.  -50  styles 
Ov  with  name,  10c,    N.\ssau  Card  Co.,  Nassau,  N.  Y. 


100 


Fine  Printed  Envelopes,  white  orassorted  col- 
ors, with  name,  business,  and  address  on  all 
IVii-  40  cts.,  .50  for  25cts.  Cards  and  Letterheads 
lit  same  price.  CK  C-'DEPlJ\',Syraci(se,N.y. 


DAT^CMTC      THDS.   P.  SIMPSON.  Washington. 

~M    I    blV    I    Oa    0.  C.    Nn  pityaskH.l  for  puteut 

until  oiitiuiieii-     Write  lor  Inveutor's  <;iiide. 


SALESMAN  WANTED 

I  to  canvass  f^r  tde  sale  of  Nursery  Stock.  Our 
I  Nursery  estaMlbhed  1846,  One  of  tbe  largest  In 
I  the  I'nlted  States.  Address  "^^T"-  cCs  ■!». 
I  snXXfX^ZXy  Geneva  Nursery.  Geneva,  N.  Y 


1 


O  A  TJT^C  S^'"Pl'*  Boolr.  PrPtnhim   List.    Prirn  T.ist 
\jAJXUO  senl  free.    U.  S.  CAOO  CO..  Cenlrebrook.  Conn. 


THE  DAVIS 

STUMP  PULLER. 

i^  iiiiw  ii 

in  uii\"  i-\  irv  jiurt  at'  the  C. 
1.1  t'T  ad  TO  50  TONfS 
Stands  on  runners,  worked  by 
two  men.  5 sizes.  Price  $35  to 
870.  Circulars  free.  Sfannfac- 
tured  by  H.  L,  BENNKTT, 
Westerville,  Franklin  Co.,  O. 


RULBSM2 

l^'My  Eleganlly  ILLUS 


PO^PQ  for  FAI.t, 
■A<./OEO    PLANTING 
LLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  Free  lo  Arr. 
AHuress   i>  .11.   H.   Kl-:i';il,  ('lianiherMhHrg.  Pa. 

MONSTEBBRONZE  TURKEYS. 

The  re^'uiur    Jumbo   .■"trjiio,  Manunoth   Pekin    Bucks^ 
Cockerels  und  Clnoks  of  all  the  ditierent  fowls.    State' 
what  you  ivan^.      Write   to 
E.  P.  CLOUD.  Kennett  Square,  Penna». 


JEltsEV  U\^D,  POLAND-CHINA, 
1  hest«r  Hhite,  Berkshire  Si  York- 
-.hire  Kiirs.  Southdown,  lotswold 
ind  Oxforil  Down  Sheepnntl  L.-\inli« 
'Scotrh  Collf  y  Shpphi-rd  Do^s  nnd 
Foney  PouUrj.  Send  for  fatalogue 
W.  ITLEE  PVItPEE  &  t0^hlla.P» 


MARTIN   AMBER 

SKED  WHEAT.  I  otT.-r  in  an.-s  vi.ld  ..fihis  r^niark- 
ableand  popular  iifw  \\  h.-;a.  twic*' cleantMl,  ;in<l  deal- 
oi  rye,  triiNli,  or  «-im'<U.  its  hii.tiii-  pi<ppt  m.-s  are 
so  threat  as  to  nei-d  iihuiil  !i;ilt'  t)]f  iisiiiil  aniMntil  n(  seed. 
A  great  yielder,  and  exct-llenl  i'ui  llunr.  I'.v  IreiLjht  or 
express,  '4  bu..  $1.00;  >a  hu.,  iJl.-^O.  1  hu.,  ^~1.W.  Ev  mail 
(post-paid  nib.,  40  cts:  41bs..§l.no.  Rrandywiiie  Niir- 
sery.        F.  C.   RIDDLE.  CHAOD^S   FORD,  PA. 


I  and  return  lo  us- 


.UT  THIS  OUT-rjli'i'S*!? 


c 

^^^y^^^~-~^~— —  nmil  !i  Golden 

^^^     Isox  ol  IwoofiN  lli!U  will  brinK  vou  in  J>Iore 

.^loiiev.  in  one  niontli.  lluin  iiin  tiling  else  in  AniHrica. 
Altsulute  certaiitlv.      Need   no   ('ii|iital. 

flt,  VOt'N(ji,  173  tiitenwich  St.,  New  York. 

The    ^VoiicSerfsiai   Kazoo  V 


mini    Miiliil. 
n  CjinadH.  jinrt 
r.f  the   U.  S. 


PEACH  TREES  and  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

At    wlK.I.sal*'    und   rt-lail.      Caliilni^oi-  sent    Irre. 
SA.>IU1':L  C.  De  cor,  .^loore-Htowii,   N.J. 


EatfthllHtiod 

8«r..- 


FAIRVIEW  NURSERIES -1 

20U.\<  Ii  i:slN  Fit  IIT  TREES  AND 
S>I.\I,I,  FKl'IT  PI.ANT.S. 

l'2.^.<K»0I'iiieh  Trees,  clinice  Kiefl'erand 
l.e  Coiite  i'ear  Trees.  All  kinds  of  nur- 
sery stuck.  Small  IVllils.  anil  (^nafce  (>!■- 
aiiee  SiJeciallies.  Send  Cor  priee-lisl.  Ad- 
dress, j_  pERKiivs.  MOORESTOWN.  N.J. 


GOSSAMER  GARMENTS  FREE! 

'\''>  ittlii>iliicc  ■'  IIiipp\'  li:i\  s,  ■  1,111-  new  10  page  llhisu-u- 
If'l  .Mai^'a/.iiiM  ur  will  srml  IVfc  to  an\' ludy  .sendini? 
■Jt;  I'l-i.  in  slam  ps  Ini' :;  niciii  hs  -.nps.-riptii  m.  two  Tjndie!>«^ 
Size  \\'nlerpr<M»t  (.oKsanitM*  (<iiriiiciifs  wiih  <ata- 
iDiiiie  of  other  inljlier  u'mds,  prn\  i.led  tli*'\-  will  show 
them  to  their  friends  and  indini-  n(  her  salrs,  Adilress 
PUBLISHERS    HAPPY    DAYS,    HARTFORD.    CONN. 


Imitates  to  per  feet  ion  nny  tird  or  niilninl,  7'I^ts  any  turn?  and  re-- 
quires  no  instruction  t^  use  It;  fi-r  d^iiicing  mufeicitU  uiicxcclliii; 
In  fact  Ills  the  simpk-st  little  inubical  ioilrument  In  the  world. 
POLITICAL  CLUHS  will  find  It  just  the  thing  for  cftnipalsm  pur- 
poses, the  music  beln^  new  and  tc^klng.  Agents  are  selling  them  by 
the  thou&andR.  Price  16  cents  each.  2  for  25  rents.  $1.00  a  doien, 
BABCOCK  &  CO.,  CENTERBROOK.  CONN. 


The 


THREE    SER.TIONS    ilrlivt-reil    in    PRIENDS'- 
.MKETIXUHOITSES,  by  JOHN  J.<<)KNEI,L. 

Sent  by  mail  for  fi  cenlH,  ii7.00  |ier  100.     I'ostaga- 

stamps  taken.  Address 
NCNRY  J.  CHILO^  M.  D..  634  Race  Street.  Philadelphia.  Fa. 

''RANCOCAS  " 

TIW.  :tmsT   I'UOIUCTIVE 

EARLY  RED  RASPBERRY. 

A  (cuod  color.    {'arrieH  -well,     \   Ki t  market 

lierry.  p'or  the  seas-.i^  i.l  Is^  l)i.-  .irit.'iii:Uors  niade- 
their  last  shipment  of  sliMrpless  sirawi.errirs  Jnne  19tU 
and  their  flrst  shipment  of  Ranc(X-as  Juar  'ilst.  Send 
((ir  history  and  description.     Librral  terms  to  th» 

Trade."    Introduced  by 

R.  C.  CHASE  &  CO.,  CENEVA,(N.  Y.- 


OUR  BULB  OFFERS. 

That  we  might  offer  liberal  premium^ 
to  our  subscribers,  we.  have  imported  di' 
reet  from  t/ie  f/rowers  ill  jEunope  and  tk^ 
Bermudas,  the  finest  lot  of  bulbs  we  have- 
ever  seen.  These  we  have  decided  to  offer- 
to  our  friends  in  the  folio-wing  liberals 
collections : — 

Our  60-cent  Collection, 

S^t\t  free  by  maU,   a-nd    -including    oner- 
year's   subscription    to    The   J^ar-m    andi^ 
Garden,  will  contain  One  fine  Dutch  Hy- 
acinth, Two  Grape  Hyacinths,  Two  Tulips, 
Five  Crocus  {each  of  a  different  color), 
One  Scilla  Siberica,  One  Single  Xm-rissui 
Poeticus,  making  in  all,  jchen  quality  i&- 
coKsidered ,  as  fine  a  collection  of  winter- 
blooming  bulbs  as  could  be  usually  bought- 
fur  $L06. 

For.  SI.OO 

We  will  send  one  fine  bulb  ofLilium  Hat 
rissii  {see  cut  on  page  1),  imported  by  u&- 
from  growers  in  Bei-muda,  One  Dutch 
Hyacinth,  Five  Tulips,  Six  Crocus  {four- 
colors),  Three  Spanish  Iris,  Three  Snow- 
drops ;  -included  -with  this  is  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 

For  S2.00 

^'^will  gfnd  Tiro  bulbs  of  Liliitm  Har- 
rissii.  One  Scilla  Sibericu,  Four  Spanish 
Iris,  Two  Imas,  One  Snowdrop,  Thre& 
Oxalis,  Seven  Single  Narcissus  Forticus, 
One  ,/onquil.  One  tulip.  Five  Crocus- 
{ilifferent  colors),  One  Feather  Hyacinth, 
With  these  we  will  include  a  year's  sub— 
i        scription  to  The  Farm  and  Garden, 


16 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


fl   ^OliliSGiPION. 


BROUGHT    BY    UNCLE    SAM'S    MAIL,     VND    IN 
OTHER    WAYS. 


New  publicAtions  of  interest  :— 

Volume  1,  No.  1.  of  Wool  Grower's  Quarterly,  conduc- 
ted by  J.  W.  Axtcll,  tbe  successful  editor  oCtbe  JHtUburg 
zsiock'mati.  Issued  under  the  auspices  of  the  National 
rWool  Grower's  Associalion.  Every  one  situated  bo  as  to 
•<3o  it.  should  raise  sheep,  and  those  who  do,  should  take 
this  paper.    Sixty  cents  per  year.     Pittsburg.  Penna. 

"  How  to  tell  tbe  age  of  a  horse,"  by  Prof.  I.  \V.  Beard. 
'-with  diagrams  showing  the  teeth  iit  dilTerent  ages.  Pul>- 
■lished  by  M.  T.  Richardson.  N.  V. 

Wm.  Parry,  Parry,  New  Jersey,  is  an  enterprising 
murseryman,  wilh  abundL;nt  capital  and  several  hundred 
..acres  of  land  in  orchards  and  small  fruits.  With  these 
-opportunities  for  experiment,  and  a  restless  ambition  lo 
'■excel  in  novelties,  it  Is  no  wonder  that  he  brings  out  new 
•  fruits.  This  fall  his  catalogue  is  of  nmre  than  usvial  in- 
terest. Containing  alistof  anew  pear.alaree  plateof  the 
Wilson.  Jr.,  blackberry,  (so  large  and  full  that  we  would 
doubt  it  had  we  not  seen  the  bunch  of  fruit  with  our  own 
■  eyes),  the  Parry  strawberry  and  other  new  things.. 

George  S.  Josselyn,  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  kindly  favors  us 
■with  his  trade  list  for  tbe  fall,  comprising  grape  vines, 
-email  fruits,  etc. 

John  B.  Moore  &  Smi.  Concord,  Mass..  catalogue  of 


Now  then  act,  pleaiie. 


grapes,  and  description  of  new 


, .  *!.    *    1    »,     white  grape  Francis  B.  Haves. 

^find  hurry  up  that  club.  ,!.      ,         -.   »    , 

From   the  far  off  Arkansas. 

Messrs.  Little  &  McCIendon  send. us  their  animal  nur- 
■sery  catalogue,     Nashville,  Arkansas,  is  their  address. 

Messrs.  S.  H.  Moore  A  Co..  of  No.  27  Park  Place,  New 
York,  whose  advertisement  appears  in  another  column, 
•are  well  known  to  our  readers,  their  adverlisement  hav- 
ing been  before  the  public  for  many  years.  vVlt  hough 
their  offer  seems  to  be-an  extraordinary  one  we  are  as- 
■sured  that  they  have  an  abundance  of  capital,  and  also 
the  disposition  tu  1111  all  orders. 

Among  the  varied  and  Interesting  catalogues  offered  to 
our  readers  who  will  write  for  them,  wejnotice:— 

Benson,  Maule  &  Co's.  "  Hints  fnr  tlie  Fall,"  a  valuable 
list  of  seeds,  seed  wheat,  bulbs,  poultry,  live  stock,  etc. 
It  contains  a  complete  list  of  seeds  for  spring  planting' 
«o  that  our  friends  in  the  South  and  California,  who  have 
<o  buy  early,  can  Intelligently  select  next  years  pur- 
■chases.  No  other  seed  house  displays  equal  enterprise, 
and  we  prophesy  an  abundant  crop  of  orders,  provided- 
well,  provided  they  advertise  enough  in  Tuk  Farm  and 
<Jarden. 

The  prospectus  of  the  American  Seedxinan,  a  monthly 
■eeed  trade  journal,  published  by  Isaac  F.  TIlllnEthast.  of 
La  Plume,  Pennsylvania,  is  before  us.  We  wish  the 
-enterprise  success,  and  believe  U  will  be  realized  If  the 
-editor  will  conscientiously  run  the  paper  in  the  Interest 
-of  the  whole  trade.  There  are  plenty  of  advertising 
■sheets,  but  an  independent  trade  Journal  is  wanted. 
Price.  ^"i-OO  per  year,  advertising.  2n  cents  per  line. 

G.  R.  Garrettson,  'Flushing.  N.  Y..  send  us  circular 
■  describing  new  market  strawberry,  the  "Garretson." 
He  says:  "  I  have  been  cnllivalins  stiawberrles  for  past 
fifty  years,  and  am  acquainted  with  and  have  tried 
•nearly  every  kind  that  baa  been  offered,  and  1  can  truly 
«ay  I  know  of  no  variety  that  can  equalitt  as  a  market 
•berry." 

J.  G.  Burrow.  Flshkill,  N.  Y..  sends  wholesale  list  of 
■"Grape  Vines,  etc. 

N.  W.  Ayer  A  Son.  Philadelphia,  send  their  "American 
"Newspaper  Annual  for  IssV  A  complete  classified  list 
of  all  American  newspaper.^  and  periodicals,  with  their 
■estimated  circulation,  ailvertlsing  fiites.  and  much  other 
valuable  Information.  Price,  fa.O0.  Every  seedsman, 
^nurseryman.  tJonst,  and  stock  raiser  should  have  it. 

A.  Goff,  150  Nassau  Street.  N.  Y..  favors  us  with  his 
^'Hand  Book  for  Ready  Reference  lor  Advertisers." 
It  is  a  valuable  publication. 

Hale  Bros..  South  Glastonbury.  ConDectlcut,  are 
introducers  of  the  Manchester  and  Mi's.  Garfield  straw- 
berries, and  Souhe^an  Raspberry.  Their  fall  list  is 
interesting.  ' 

We  have  received  from  the  Zimmerman  Manufactur- 
ing Co..  of  Cincinnati,  a  hand.sume  catalogue  viiicli 
explains  fully  the  merits  ot  their  Fruit  and  Vegetable 
Evaporator.  Any  one  interested  in  that  indusiry  will 
receive  the  catalogue  free  by  writing  for  it.  It  contains 
valuable  Information. 

T.  Walters  &  Sons,  of  West  Chester.  Penna..  have  sold 
over  100  pigs  fruni  their  exhibit  at  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Fair.  They  made  an  interesting  display  and  we 
trust  were  amply  repaid.  We  say  this  to  encourage 
^ther  enterprising  stockmen  to  come  out  strong  at  next 
iair. 

Johnson  A  Stokes,  Philadelphia,  send  us  samples  of 
tnew  Golden  Prolific  Wheat.  Martin's  Amber  (see  Edito- 
Tial  Ciniiment),  Tuscan  Islitmi  Red  and  New  Mediterra- 
mean  Hybrid  wheats.  Four  valuable  varietiesoffered  by 
(them  in  this  number. 

W.  H.  Smith.  1018  Market  Street,  Philadelphia,  catar 
Sogue  of  bulbs  and  fall  goods.    Send  for  it. 

We  are  pleased  to  note  that  a  number  of  our  readers 
4iave  purchased  the  New  Sinser  Sewing  Machine  offered 
•on  trial  by  E.  C.  Howe  &  Co.  in  last  month's  issue.  The 
iproposal  to  send  a  machine  on  trial  before  payment,  Is  a 
fair  one,  and  any  subscriber  desirinst  a  first-class  machine 
'Will  do  well  to  refer  to  the  advertisement,  nn  second 
•cover  pane.  September  number.  All  who  have  used 
these  machines  are  well  pleased  with  them. 


I  -lb 

1  011 

2  10 
1  10 
1  00 

•  2  25 

3  75 
75 

1  00 

2  00 
60 

1  23 


1  -Jt* 


CLUBBING  LIST. 
TWO  PAPERS  FOR  THE  PRICE  OF  ONE. 

These  prices   im-liide    a    vears   snbscnption   to 
Farm  asd  Garukn  and  to  the  paper  numed. 

Any  American  publicatiou  furnished  at  reduced  r 
American  Agriculturist,        ej 
American  Field,  .        .        !     i 
American  Poulirv  Yard 
American  Garden. 
Bee  Journal  (weekly)  ,         \ 
•  "  (niunthly).       . 

ftee  Keeper's  Magazine. 
Cultivator     and     Couotry 
Gentleman,    .  . 

Century  Magazine,       .        . 
Dairy  and  Farm  .Journal.  . 
Drainage  k,  Farm  Journal, . 
Demoresf  s  Ma^^zinc. . 
F-mpire  State  Agriculturist. 
Farmer's  Review, 
Farming  World.  . 
Farmers'  Home.  . 
Farm  Implement. 
Farmer  aud   Fruit  Grower. 
Farmer  and  Manuraclurer, 
Forest,  Forge  and  Farm,     . 
Farmers  Companion,. 
Florida  Despatch, 
Floral  Instructor. 
Farm  Economist., 
Farm  and  Fireside  (Ohio). 
Farm  and  Fireside  (N.  C), 
Farmers'  Honie  Journal,    , 
Farmers'  Advocat*. 
Farm  Journal,     .     '   . 
Godey's  Lady's  Rook, 
Grrdener'B  Monthly,    . 
HomeandFarm,  . 

Home    Farm,  .         .     

Harper's  Moullily  Magazine.  3  50 
Iowa  Farmer,  ...  75 
Indiana  Farmer.  .  .  .  1  60 
Journal  of  .Agriculture,  .  1  50 
Kansas  Beekeeper,  .  .  1  25 
Kansas  Farmer,  ,  .         .     1  40 

Kansas  Spirit,  ...  90 
Kansas    Agrii-ulfuriat.        .    1  50 


PRINT' 


IMP  ^^^  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

mU  Ten  years' e.xperience.   Correct- 
ness and  good  style  guaranteed. 
Laryesiuck  olcuis-     Ksiiuiaies  oil  aivpliculiun. 

J.  HOUAtK  McFAKLAND,  llarrisbure.  Pa. 


1  : 


65 


I  25 
I  25 
1  00 


1  50 


Ladies  Floral  Cabinet, 

Live  Slwk  Monthly,    . 

Labor  World.        .        . 

Maryland  Farmer.     . 

Mirror  and  Farmer,     . 

Nebraska  Farmer, 

National  Poultry  .Nfonitor,  . 

Orange  County  Farmer, 

Ohio  Farmer,        .         .        . 

Ontario  Hornet,  .         .        . 

Oregon  Colonist. . 

Purdv'a  Fruit  Recorder. 

Poultry  'World,     . 

Prairie  Farmsr.    . 

Poultry  Nation.     . 

Poultry  Messenger, 

Planter's  Journal. 

Poultry  Advertiser, 

Poultry  Monihlv, 

Poultry  Bulletin. 

Poultry  and  Farm  Journal, 

Rural  Record. 

Roanoke  Patron,  . 

Rural  Californian. 

Rural  New  Yorker, 

South  and  West  . 

Southern  Planter. 

Southern  Cultivator.  . 

Sunny  South. 

Tribune  and  Farmer.  . 

Vick's  Monthly  Magazine.  . 

Western  Rural  (and  seeds), 

Wallace's  Monthlv, 

Western  Cultivator,     , 

Western  Agriculturist, 

Western  Plowman, 

Western  Horticulturist, 

Youth's  Companion  (new 
sub.ecribcrs). 

Youth's  Companion  (re- 
newals)  


ate. 

1  20 


^saKstsanixm 


Fo'^SeeDsmGnfLORisTS^nuRSGRYMen 


innnn  electros  in  stock . 

I  I  U.UUU  SEND  FOB  CATALOGUES 


^.BL-ANC 


Bo 
I  03 
1  00 

1  on 

"5 

75 

1  DO 


1  25 
1  00 
1  00 

1  10 

2  00 


1  50 

2  00 


JtXex-d.    Ilosistoroci 

GUERNSEYS  and  JERSEYS 

Also  THOROl'GHBR  EDS   AND   GRADRS. 

\ouns  Stock  for  sale.      Send  stump  for  Catalogue. 

T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa. 
Low  Prices. 


GUNS 


Fine  Quality. 

s.-nd  .1nne-<"Hiu  stamps  to  Charles 
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New  Vork.for  1  Iri-paKecatalotciie 
of  Guns.  GnineSf  and  Novelties. 


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horsemen,  works  on  the  Horse,  horse  pic- 

ttures,  road,  track,  and  racing  pictures; 
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bv  horsemen  mailed  free. 
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rheaply  you  can  ire[  them  hy  mail, 
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*The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


NOVEMBER,    1884. 


No.  m. 


TO  ALL  WHO  RECEIVE  THIS  NUMBER. 

Subscriptions  may  begin  wiDi  any  number,  but  we 
prefer  lo  date  them  from  January  of  each  year. 

Renewals  can  be  sent  now,  no  matter  when  the 
eubaeription  expires,  and  the  time  will  be  added  to  that 
to  which  the  subscription  is  already  entitled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription. 
If  not  renewed  it  is  immediately  discontinued.  No 
notice  is  required  to  stop  the  paper,  and  no  bill  will  be 
sent  for  extra  numbers. 

Remittances  may  be  made  at  our  risk  by  Post  Office 
Order,  Postal  Note,  Registered  Letter.  Stamps  and 
Canadian  Money  are  taken,  but  if  sent  in  ordinary  letter 
are  at  your  risk. 

Receipts.— The  fact  that  you  receive  the  paper  is  a 
pr.iof  thatwe  have  received  vonr  remittance  correctly, 
it  yf      ' • '■—  "• ' "■"  ■'- 


Fakm  and  Gard- 
en has  taken  very 
little  or  uo  notice 
thus  far,  yet,  in 
which  thousands 
of  our  readers  are 
interested.  I  mean 
bee-keeping. 

Scientific  bee- 
keeping is  a  very 
profitable  branch 
of  agriculture  as 
you     will    admit, 

_    you  do  not  receive  the  paper   promptly,  write  its,  |  y'^l^""S  '"  .""["'JJ 
that  we  may  see  that  your  address  is  correct.  i  parts  or  tne  L  lutea 

Adilresses.— No  matter  how  often  you  have  written  .'  States,  very  hand- 
to  us,  please  always  give  your  full  name,  post  office,  and  some  returns  for 
State.  We  have  no  way  to  Itnd  your  name  except  from 
the  address. 

Names  cannot  be  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and 
In  full.  If  a  la{ly,  always  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs. 
Samantha  Allen  one  time  and  Mrs.  Josiah  Allen  next. 
If  you  do  not  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before  your  signature 
<io  not  beotTended  if  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Errors.— We  make  them ;  so  does  every  one,  and  we 
will  clieerfuUy  correct  them  if  you  write  us.  Try  to 
■write  us  good  naturedly,  but  if  you  cannot,  then  write 
to  us  any  way.  Do  not  complain  to  any  one  else  or  let 
It  pa.sH.  We  want  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
any  injustice  we  may  do. 

ADVERTISING  RATES.-Froni  issues  of  Fel>- 
ruary,  1SS4.  to  Oeeeinber,  1884.  inclusive,  CO 
cents  per  Aeate  line  eacli  insertion. 

.Subscriptions  to  this  paper  50  cents  a  year,  payable 
in  advance. 


CHILD  BROS.  iSc  CO.,  Publisliers, 

Nos.  418,  420,  4aaLlbrnry  Street  I  (Irn  below  Chestnul), 
Philadclphtii,  Pa. 


Wlio  murmurs  at  his  lot  to-day  f 

M^io  scorns  his  native  fruit  and  bloom  f 

Or  sighifor  dainties  far  away, 
Beside  the  bounteous  board  of  home  ? 

Thank  Heaven,  instead,  that  Freedom^s  arm 

Can.  change  a  rocky  soil  to  gold. 
That  brave  and  generous  lives  can  warm 

A  clime  with  Northern  ices  cold. 

Whittier. 


OOLDEN  OPPORTUNITIES  IN  THE  SOUTH. 
[Continued  From  April  Nl'mber.] 


By  Joseph. 


The  Beekeeper's  Chances.  A  season  in  the 
North  as  cool  as  the  one  just  passed,  sliortened  by 
heavy  frosts  on  both  ends,  (one  on  May  29th  or 
30th,  which  spoiled  the  fine  prospects  for  big 
■crops  of  apples,  peaches,  plums,  cherries  and 
grapes,  and  one  on  August  25th,  almost  as  de- 
structive in  the  vegetable  garden),  could  hardly 
be  expected  to  make  me  forget  the  charms  o"  the 
t)eautiful  "Sunny  South."  Remembrance  and 
longing  proved  inseparable  in  this  instance,  and 
those  charms  irresistible. 

After  a  sojourn  of  a  little  over  si.t  months  in 
the  cool  North,  I  yielded  to  the  temptation  to 
make  another  visit  to  the  great  valley  of  the 
Shenandoah.  The  impre.ssions  which  I  had 
received  on  Virginia's  soil  in  1883,  were  in  a  few 
instances  modified,  but  generally  strengthened. 
It  is  about  a  year  ago,  when  I  advised  the  laborer 
without  means,  seeking  employment  on  the  farm, 
to  stay  away  from  the  South.  That  advice  was 
■correct,  as  far  as  East  Virginia  is  concerned  ; 
circumstances  are  diflerent  in  the  mountain 
regions,  notably  in  the  northern  part  of  the  great 
valley,  where  "but  few  negroes  cross  the  path  of 
the  white  man.  Thousands  of  laborers  and  their 
families  might  here  find  employment  under 
■exceedingly  profitable  conditions. 

During  both  visits, 
not  only  in  the  val- 
ley, but  also  in  other 
parts  of  the  Virgin- 
ias, in  North  Caro- 
lina and  Maryland, 
I  have  taken  pains 
to  investigate  an  in- 
.dustry  of  which  The 


the  capital  and 
labor  invested  in 
the  business;  and 
if  apiculture  pays 
anywhere  in  the 
world,  it  is  in  the 
a  ]j  o  v  e-mentioned 
States.  In  fact,  it 
is  so  remunerative, 
that  some  of  these 
Southern  bee-kee- 
pers wish  to  hide 
their  yields  and 
profits  from  the 
eyes  of  the  world, 
and  thus  retard  an 
inconvenient  in- 
crease of  produc- 
tion. "Why  don't 
they  pocket  tlieir 
profits  and  keep 
still,  instead  of 
reporting  their 
yields  in  every  bee 
paper  of  the  Coun- 
try," said  a  War- 
ren County  apiar- 
ist to  me  last  Feb- 
ruary. Itmavnot 
be  business-like  to 
invite  competi- 
tion ;  on  the  other 

hand,   no  raonop-  

oly  should  be  })er- 

mitted  to  get  a  foothold  in  any  of  the  branches 
of  agriculture  ;  also,  both  the  production  and  the 
consumption  of  honey  is  capable  of  a  growth  to 
ten-fold  its  present  extent. 

When  we  consider  the  long  duration  of  bee 
jiasture  in  the  South, — fruit  tree  and  berry  blos- 
soms in  April,  white  clover  and  an  abundance  of 
locust  in  May,  blue  thistle,  aster,  golden  rod,  and 
numerous  other  wild  flowers  from  June  until 
fall ;  the  small  number  of  colonies  in  any  one 
apiary,  and  the  distance,  generally  miles,  between 
the  apiaries,  last  but  not  loast,  the  fine  climate 
with  short  winters, — we  will  see  no  reason  to 
wonder  about  the  enormous  yields  of  honey,  nor 
about  the  ease,  with  which  bees  are  safely  carried 
tlirough  the  winter,  that  great  problem  for  the 
Northern  and  Western  apiarist.  Successful  win- 
tering solves  itself  without  trouble  in  the  South. 

Last  winter  when  in  Warren  County,  Virginia, 
I  made  a  list  of  the  yields  of  the  most  prominent 
apiarists  in  that  neighborhood  during  188.3.  Hav- 
ing mislaid  the  list,  I  will  at  least  mention  one 
item  which  I  distinctly  remember:  23,000  pounds 
from  150  colonies.  A  failure  is  almost  unknown, 
and  scientific  treatment  will  insure  an  average 
yield  of  upwards  of  100  pounds  per  colony. 

A  skillful  beekeeper  in  the  South,  however,  is 


A  Bunch  of  Polyantha  Roses. 


We  are  ver.v  anxious  tluit 
every  one  who  reads  this  sliuuld 
lielp  us  to  increase  our  list  of 
subscribers.  If  every  one  \\  ill 
send  us  four  now  names  at 
*2^  cents  eacli,  it  will  greatl.v 
aid  us  in  increasing  the  value  of 
The  Farm  and  Garden. 


BEAUTIFUL  WINTER-BLOOMING    ROSES. 

To  evt'r\-  n[],-  whitsi-nds  us!*;l  and  fi  in-  new  siiliscribcrs  ((•<)SliMf;unly  2.5  cts. 
fii.li),  we  will  si-ii.i.  us  a  Kilt,  4  iti-aulitiil  .>Ionllilv  Roses,  varied  colors,  red, 
liiulc.  and  y<■ll<^^v,  Slrunu'  plaits,  which,  it  priip,-ily  attended  to,  will  bear 
niaiiv  Npieiidi<l  I'oses  this  winter.    We  make  tins  oti'^r  for  you  to  accept. 

i'rovidfii,  (We  have  given  so  much  this  time  that  it  must  be  accepted  according 
to  our  forms).  That  the  order  is  mailed  on  or  befoie  November  29th,  18*4,  and 
names  are  filled  on  blank  enclosed. 


a  "rara  avis,"  scarcer  than  honesty  in  politics  or 
truth  in  a  court  room.  The  majority  of  colonies 
are  kept  in  ancient  box  hives.  The  owner  gener- 
ally puts  a  rough  box  on  top  for  surplus  honey, 
and  perhaps  rqdaees  it  by  an  empty  one  long 
after  the  first  lias  has  been  filled,  and  in  thia 
unskillful  manner  often  realizes  fifty  or  more 
jmunds  of  fair  honey  from  each  colony.  Some 
farmers  have  the  Langstrotli  hive,  but  derive  lit- 
tle benefit  from  it,  as  they  do  not  understand  the 
management.  The  few  specialists  that  do,  reap 
a  rich  reward  for  their  labor.  There  is  room  for 
thousands  of  apiarists  in  the  Soutli ;  1  advise 
young  bee  men  to  investigate  this  field  for  them- 
selves. Here  are  golden  opportunities ;  do  not 
let  them  slip  from  your  grasp. 

The  price  of  honey  has  been  low  in  1883,  and 
in  spite  of  a  partial  failure  of  the  crop  in  the 
Northern  States  this  year,  we  can  hardly  look  for 
a  material  improvement  in  that  direction,  with 
the  present  prices  of  sugar,  and  with  general 
stagnation  in  business.  But  even  at  ten  cents  a 
pound  for  honey  in  sections,  or  eight  cents  for 
extracted,  the  production  of  it  is  a  highly  remun- 
erative business  in  favorable  localities  in  the 
North,  and  ninch  more  .so  in  the  South. 
Spetiking  from  experience,  I  can  well  affirm, 
that  1  know.  I  have 
had  an  apiary  o  f 
about  one  hundred 
colonies  right  under 
my  very  eyes  during 
the  last  eight  or  ten 
years,  and  kept  track 
of  the  management 
and  the  proceeds. 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


BEANS  IN  PLACE  OF  MEAT. 


Brj  B.  Eans. 


GARDEN    IMPLEMENTS. 


X  J.  Shepherd.  Eldon,  Mo. 


The  housewife  said  this  morning :  "  We  will 
have  a  fine  dish  of  ijalved  beans  for  dinner,  and 
will  need  no  meat  except  the  small  piece  of  pork 
that  is  coolced  with  tlie  beans  as  a  sort  of  flavor- 
ing "  Wetindatextinthise.Tkpressiveof  thekind 
provider  for  the  dinner  table  and  the  bodily  wants 
of  those  who  sit  aronnd  the  neatly-spread  board. 
Why  is  it  that  tbe  beans,  nnlike  most  forms  of 
vegetable  food,  can  take  tbe  place  of  meat  in  a 
"heartv"  meal?  No  one  would  think  that 
bread  could  be  thus  substituted  or  wheat  flour  in 
any  form  it  might  be  served.  In  like  manner 
potatoes  cannot  take  tlie  place  of  beef,  or  nee  be 
substituted  for  mutton.  It  must  be  that  there  is 
something  in  beans  not  found  in  wheat,  or  if 
found,  it  "needs  be  in  smaller  quantities.  This 
something  that  makes  the  beans  so  valuable  for 
food  must  be  the  same  as  or  similar  to  that  which 
causes  flesh  to  be  so  nutritions  and  life-sustaining. 
At  this  point  let  chemistry  come  in  and^ throw 
as  much  light  as  it  may  upon  this  very  important 
question  of  foods.  Animal  nature  is  much  the 
same  everywhere,  and  if  any  facts  can  be  found 
regarding'  the  dirtVrences  between  beans  and 
wheat,  they  will  Imld  .good  elsewhere.  The 
chemist,  by  a  careful  examination  of  beans,  finds 
them  made  up  of  a  varying  quantity  of  water, 
albumoids,  tat,  carbo-hydrates,  fil)re,  and  ash. 
These  are  the  closets  into  which  all  the  constitu- 
ents of  anv  food  are  placed.  Water  is  the  moist- 
ure, so  to  speak,  which  any  fiiod  contains.  No 
further  explanation  is  needed  here. 

The  albnminoiils  are  compounds  in  which  the 
element  nitrogen  is  fmnil.  The  wliite  of  an  egg 
is  a  good  example  nt  nearly  pure  nlbunien.  The 
gluten  or  "gum"  obtained  hy  chewing  wheat  is 
another  form  of  alhnnien.  the  egg  yields  ani- 
mal albumen  and  the  wheat  grain  vegetable  albu- 
men. The  nature  of  the  next  group  is  given  in 
the  name— fats.  There  are  many  kinds.  Nearly 
all  foods  vield  some  fat  or  oil  upcni  analysis.  The 
oarbo-hydrates  are  substances  like  starch,  sugar, 
etc..  which  are  made  up  of  only  the  three  ele- 
ments, carbon,  hydrogen,  and  oxygen.  They 
and  also  the  fats  contain  no  nitrogen.  The  fibre 
is  woody  substance,  and  makes  up  a  larger  ]>art 
of  snch'ciiarse  cattle  foods  as  straw  or  hay.  The 
ash  is  the  part  left  after  the  food  ha-s  been  burned, 
and  contains  a  larger  number  of  substances,  such 
as  pota-sh,  lime,  phosphoric  acid,  and  many  others. 
The  most  important  groups  of  food  constituents 
are  the  albuminoids  and  carbo-hydrates.  The 
life  of  an  animal  cannot  be  long  sustained  with- 
out a  supply  of  these  substances.  The  albumin- 
oids are  necessarv  for  the  building  up  of  the 
various  tissues  of  the  animal  body.  These  nearly 
all  contain  the  element  nitrogen,  and  need  to  be 
constantiv  supplied  with  it,  and  the  source  is 
the  albuminoids.  If  the  creature  to  be  fed  is 
carnivorous;  that  is,  feeds  unon  flesh,  it  can 
obtain  its  supply  of  albuminoid  from  its  animal 
diet.  The  nitrogen-bearing  compounds  have 
been  termeil  the  flesh  formers,  while  the  starchy 
foods  of  the  carbo-hydrate  cla.ss  are  called  the 
heat  producers.  These  two  expressions  serve  a 
good  purpose  in  showing  to  the  popular  mind  the 
work  the  two  groups  ol  food  constituents  have  to 
do  in  the  animal  economy.  This  classification  is 
not  strietlv  scientific. 

iFoods   lire   taken  into  the   animal   system  to 
nourish   tliat    svstein,   to    supply   the    constant 
demand   for   ele'ments  to  make  good   the    every 
day  waste.     Work  is  done  at  the  expense  of  the 
substance  of  the  body,  and  it  is  the  function  of 
foods  to  supplv  the  loss.     The   animal  machine, 
eo  to  speak,  is' run  at  a  certain  temperature,  and 
fuel  is  nei'ded  to  keep  up  this  animal  heat.     The 
carho-hvdrates,  the  starch,  sugar,  etc.,  have  this 
as  a  large  part  of  their  work.     There  is  no   fur- 
nace in  the  horse  or  cow,  but  the  results  of  the 
slow   burning   of  the    food,   much    the   same   as 
when   substances   are  burned  in  a  furnace.      If 
the  horse  or  cow  is  kept  warm  by  a  furnace  heat 
in  severe  winter  weather,  the  animal  thus  favored 
will  not  need  to  eat  so  much  food  to  keep  it  warm. 
The     albuminoids    are    the    most     expensive 
elements  of  any  food.    In  the  household  economy 
they  come  to  the  table  in  the  most  concentrated 
form   in   eggs,   lean   meat,   and   similar   animal 
products,     the  carbo-hvdrates  reach  the  table  as 
bread  and  other  i)roperties  of  starcli.     Sugar  is  a 
food,  but  it  contains  none  of  the   albuminoids. 
AVheat  contains   about  eleven  per  cent,  of  albu- 
minoids, potatoes  onlv  two.     The  dry  .substance 
of   potatoes    is    four-fifths    carbo-hydrate,    and 
nearlv  all  starch.     It  is  a  heat  former,  and  not  a 
rich  food  in  the  sense  of  containing  much  albu- 
minoids or  proteine.     Beans  contain  over    one- 
quarter  of  their  whole   weight  of  albuminoids, 
more  tlian  twice  that  of  wheat.     They  are  much 
like    lean    meat,    and    therefore    very    hearty. 
Bread  or  other  starch  products  to  be  eaten  with 
beans  to  make  the  ration  cheap  and  wholesome. 


It  is  hard  work  to  hoe,  and  not  one  man  in  a 
dozen  can  use  a  hoe  so  as  to  get  along  expedi- 
tiously, and  do  the  work  as  it  should  be  done. 
Yet  a  good,  sharp  hoe,  when  properly  used, 
is  invaluable  in  working  the  garden.  There 
are  quite  a  number  of  imiilemeuts  that  can  be 
used  by  which  the  amount  of  work  to  be  done 
by  the 'hoe  can  be  very  greatly  reduced.  At  first 
a'  good  steel  rake,  with  sharp  teeth  set  close 
together,  if  properlv  handled  can  be  used  to  the 
best  advantage.  Tlie  work  must  be  commenced 
as  soon  as  the  plants  make  their  appearance 
above  ground,  while  the  soil  is  mellow,  and 
before  it  becomes  packed,  and  before  the  weeds 
get  a  good  start,  as  the  rake  will  then  destroy  the 
weeds  thoroughly.  After  the  plants  begin  to 
grow  awhile,  the  hoe  cannot  well  be  excelled  for 
saving  labor.  I  ought  to  have  said  first  that  in 
order  to  use  many  of  the  improved  g.»rden  imple- 
ments that  are  designed  to  be  used  in  the  garden, 
the  jilants  should  be  sown  in  long  rows,  and  as 
straight  as  possible,  and  for  this  purpose  a  seed 
sower  is  indispeiisil)le,  as  it  is  almost  impossible 
to  sow  the  seeds  evenly  and  in  as  straight  rows 
as  can  be  done  by  a  seed  sower.  My  experience 
is  that  a  seed  sower  will  pay  for  itself  in  a  short 
time  in  seed  saved,  without  taking  into  account 
the  labor  saved  in  sowing  and  in  cultivating. 
With  a  combined  garden  plow  and  cultivator 
nearlv  all  the  work  of  cultivating  can  be  done, 
reducing  the  work  of  the  hoe  to  only  what 
is  necessary  to  destroy  the  remaining  weeds 
between  the  plants  in  the  row.  And  here  another 
good  implement  comes  in  to  a  good  advantage, 
and  that  is  a  good  hand  weeder.  For  working 
close  around  the  stem  of  the  plants  it  can  be 
used  very  economically.  \  hand  trowel  for 
transplanting  and  digging  around  plants  will  be 
found  quite  a  help.  "A  hand  roller  for  running 
over  the  ground  to  jiress  down  and  level  will 
often  be  found  quite  a  help,  and  can  be  used  for 


quite  a  variety  of  purposes  to  a  good  advantage. 
Then  you  waiit  a  good  reel  and  line.  It  should 
be  made  so  as  to  Wind  up  and  unwind  ea.sily 
and  rapidlv.  A  few  stakes  sharpened  and  ready 
for  use,  one  place  near  the  top  should  be 
Hatteneil  and  made  smooth,  so  as  to  write  what- 
ever is  desired  upon  it. 

One  point  is  very  important,  whether  the  tools 
be  iiianv  or  few,  it  p.ays  to  keep  them  sharp  and 
bright.  More  and  better  work  can  always  be 
done  with  bright,  sharp  tools,  more  than  suffi- 
cient to  pav  for  the  labor  required  to  keep  them 
bright  and'  sharp.  Whatever  work  is  done  in 
the  garden  it  pavs  to  do  it  well,  and  generally 
the  work  seems'  slow  and  tedious  at  best,  and 
when  vou  are  obliged  to  work  with  rusty,  dull 
tools  the  work  becomes  doubly  irk.some.  Have 
a  goo<l  tool-house  and  a  good  grindstone,  and 
when  through  with  the  tools  see  that  they  are 
put  away  in  good  shape. 


OATHEBING  CORN. 


swine  not  greedy.  Only  hogs  which  have  been 
fed  to  be  put  in  marketable  condition,  that  is, 
about  all  they  will  eat  fcu'  some  time,  should  be- 
turned  into  the  field.  Otherwise  they  will  pull 
down  an  ear,  take  a  bite  or  two  from  it,  and  pas» 
on  to  another  ear  ;  and  there  is  danger  of  hogs  not 
previously  highly  fed,  overeating.  If  the  ground 
is  wet,  the  hogs  should  be  kept  ont  of  the  field. 
Fat  hogs  in  a  dry  field  will  make  no  waste,  a» 
they  are  so  indolent  they  will  pull  down  only 
wh.it  they  eat  at  the  time.  If  the  field  becomes 
muddy,  take  the  hogs  out.  It  is  advisable  to- 
fence  off  a  patch  containing  only  what  the  hogs 
will  consume  in  a  few  days.  When  they  have 
disposed  of  that,  fence  them  off  another  patch. 

Another  way  to  save  the  labor  of  husking,  is  to 
pull  tbe  corn  without  removing  the  husks  In 
the  West,  husking  is  commonly  done  throughout 
the  fall  and  winter,  as  the  weather  and  other 
work  admit.  If  the  stalks  stand  up  well,  this 
occasions  no  loss  of  grain;  the  ears  will  hang- 
downwards  and  the  husks  will  .shed  oft'  rain  or 
snow.  However,  if  the  stalks  have  fallen  or  been 
broken  down,  the  corn  should  be  gathered  as  soon 
as  possible,  as  the  ears  lying  on  the  ground  will 
be  damaged  ;  in  which  case  there  is  little  oppor- 
tunitv  to  pull  corn  without  removing  the  husks. 
Yet,  I  would  advise  taking  advantage  of  this 
opportunity.  There  is  no  need  of  husking  what 
corn  is  fed  during  this  time.  The  hogs  will  not 
grumble  a  particle  if  they  are  compelled  to  husk 
it  themselves,  and  the  cattle  will  not  object  if  the- 
husks  are  cut  up  for  them  along  with  the  ears. 
The  hogs  are  generally  fattening  for  market  at 
this  time  and  considerable  corn  may  be  disposed 
of  to  them,  making  the  saving  not  inconsiderable. 
It  is  better  to  feed  fattening  hogs  new  corn  after 
they  have  been  fed  old  for  a  couple  of  weeks  of 
the  fattening  period.  If  the  gathering  of  the 
corn  is  prolonged  during  the  winter,  all  the  corn 
given  swine  and  cattle  during  tliis  time  can  be 
fed  unhusked  ;  and  as  the  close  of  the  gathering- 
draws  near,  a  pen  containing  a  coujde  of  hundred 
bushels  can  be  filled  with  unhusked  ears,  as  it 
will  keep  in  good  condition  until  fed  out.  The 
advantages  of  feeding  corn  without  hu.sking  it  are- 
various.  It  saves  ail  the  labor  of  removing  the- 
husks,  as  an  ear  can  be  jerked  from  the  stalk  as 
easilv  as  it  can  be  broken  out  of  the  husks.  The 
form'er  work  admits  of  the  wearing  of  gloves  or 
mittens  when  the  weather  is  cold  and  the  husks 
are  frosty.  The  husks  afford  considerable  feed 
and  are'  thus  fed  in  better  condition  than  if 
allowed  to  remain  on  the  stalks  until  the  field  is 
pastured  by  the  cattle. 

I  have  seen  men  feeding  fodder  from  which  the 
ears  had  been  husked,  and  husked  corn  at  the 
same  time.  Thev  were  certainly  doing  unneces- 
.sary  labor.  When  taking  the  ears  from  tbe  fod- 
der, they  might  at  least  have  allowed  the  small 
one's  ("  nubbins  ")  to  remain.  And  there  was  no- 
need  of  huskine  those  ears  taken  oft'  the  stalk  p 
they  might  have  been  pulled  oft'  and  the  husks 
fed'with  the  grain  and  cob. 

iCanUnued  in  Derrmber.) 


By  John  M.  SlaM.  St.  Loiiis,  3to. 


FARM  AND  GARDEN  NOTES. 


Our  corn  crop  is  so  large  and  the  work  of 
gathering  the  ears  consequently  so  great,  that 
Jany  wav  of  reducing  that  labor  must  meet  with 
favor.  'Let  me  sav  tliat  one  of  the  ways  to  make 
that  labor  less,  is  to  allow  the  stock  to  gather 
their  own  rations  of  corn.  Cattle,  sheep,  and 
swine  will  all  do  this.  Now  do  not  hold  up  your 
hands  in  holv  horror.  I  do  not  propose  to  advo- 
eata  any  waste.  Out  in  this  agriculturally  sinful 
West,  it  is  no  uncommon  practice  to  "  hog  down  " 
corn.  That  is,  the  swine  are  turned  into  a  field 
or  part  of  a  field,  and  made  to  do  their  own  husk- 
ing. This  mav  or  may  not  be  a  wa.steful  practice  ; 
it  all  depends'on  circ'umstances.  Of  course  when 
circumstances  make  it  a  wasteful  practice,  it 
should  not  be  countenanced.  But  when  it  occa- 
sions no  waste,  it  is  to  be  recommended,  as  it 
saves  considerable  labor  and  reduces  the  ultimate 
cost  of  the  crop  by  just  so  much.  I  have  seen 
hundreds  of  acres  of  corn  "  hogged  down  "  when 
there  was  a  great  waste  ;  the  ground  was  muddy, 
and  the  corn  was  lost  in  the  mud,  or  the  hogs 
were  greedy  and  pulled  down  much  which  was 
not  consumed,  and  was  left  lying  on  the  ground 
until  unfit  to  be  eaten.  Then,  again,  I  have 
seen  many  acres  "hogged  down"  without  waste. 
This    was'  when    the   ground    was   dry    and    the 


By  J.  W.  D..  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


Sa|^%^^|_|  A  mLM^\yCr\Unethorou(!hh/ taufjht 
HOR  T  HANDbymaflorpernonnlly. 
ililRtions  procured  for  pupils  \vhen  competent, 
eii.l  for  Circular.  W.  <J.  CHAFFEE.  Oswego,  N.  -J  . 


Cows  like  cabbage  leaves,  but  it  is  better  to 
feed  them  just  after  milking,  otherwise  they  may- 
flavor  the  milk.  ^ 

A  good  way  to  store  cabbage  for  winter  use  is 
to  make  a  double  row  on  a  well-drained  spot  in 
the  garden,  setting  the  heads  close  together,  root» 
up.     Bank  up  with  dry  earth. 

One  of  the  judges  on  stock  at  county  fairs 
should  be  a  non-resident.  There  is  a  general 
prejudice  against  judges  who  are,  or  are  thought 
to  lie,  acquainted  with  the  exhibitors,  and  know 
their  stock.  j. 

While  you  think  of  it,  th.atch  up  the  inside  of 

that  cow  stall  with  long  straw,  so  that  tbe  snow 

cannot  blow  in  upon   the  cattle,  as   it   di<l   last 

winter.     Cattle  are  not  partial  to  snow  blankets. 

+ 

The  wild  carrot  is  one  of  the  worst  weeds 
known  to  eradicate.  Whole  fields  in  this  section, 
have  been,  and  are,  covered  with  it.  Mowing 
does  not  seem  to  kill  it,  and  it  comes  in  again. 
after  plowing.   Who  will  tell  how  to  get  rid  of  it  ? 

T1IC^»DCAT^K^^   VI^rE.  •■  Utters   PRO- 

THt    UKtAI    Line."    J^enrt  for  circiilnr.   Uriietf 

nock  ol  Mulberry  in  the  countrj.    f  »'»'"«"'•' f''". 

HANCt  t  BOROtN.  Romfon  Nureerlei.  RtO  B»HK.  N.  J. 


Fl,ORAI>  WOK  L,n.  snperb.  ill'sfd,  «1  monthly,  free 
1  year  Now  for  this  ad.  and  34c.  Highland  Park.  111. 


SE^R 

^^       alog 


GRAINS,  Nnrthern-BTown.     New  Tested 
(JC.  bii.  per  A.)  NVhe.it.  Oats,  Corn,  Potatoes, 
...    Pure  Seeds  cheap.  Plants  hv  thousands.  Cat- 
alogue free.  J.  F.SALZEK.Lia  Crosse,  Wis. 


WANTED 


Men  nn<l  Women  Agents. 
WNITNtY.  Nurseryman,   Ki 


JAMtS  I. 

.ochester,  N.  ^^  . 


'ttf  tleuiillt 
Address  W.Vl.  B 


for  FAIiC. 

IE. 

_,      »ll. 

KEKU.  clmmbersbHrg,  Pa. 


RULBS  AND  ROSES  '?lt.^Ai-^ 

'  ^ttf  tleuiillt  ILLUBTRATED  CATALOGUt  Free  to  tl 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN, 


It  grass  has  run  out  where  it  is  not  possible  to 
replow,  run  the  harrow  over  it  and  sow  on  some 
timothy  or  otlier  grasses,  and  the  crop  next  sea- 
son will  be  so  much  increased. 


Underdrain  the  lowlands  and  mulch  exposed 
knolls.  Tliese  are  practical  remedies  against 
winter-killing.  , 

If  yon  want  your  grape  vines  to  bear  fruit  do 
not  manure  them  !  Soil  for  grapes  must  not  be 
too  rich  or  the  growtli  will  be  in  wood  and  leaf, 
not  in  fruit.  It  already  too  rich,  sprinkle  some 
lime  about  the  roots.       . 

You  are  an  apple  producer  and  shipper.  Very 
well.  But  when  you  pack  those  apple  barrels 
do  not  have  all  the  good  fruit  at  the  ends  and  the 
worthless  between.  You  will  make  more  money 
to  sort  into  two  grades. 
-i- 

Gather  the  falling  leaves.  Bank  the  cellar 
with  them  or  stow  tliem  away  under  shelter  and 
use  them  for  bedding  this  winter.  They  are  good 
absorbents. 


PACTS  AND  FIGURES  IN  REGARD  TO  TENANTS 
IN  THE  SOUTH. 


Sy  W.  E.  Collins,  MayersviUe,  Miss. 

Long  continued  drouth,  extending  over  many 
Southern  States,  has  doubtless  reduced  estimates 
of  the  yields  of  cotton  one-third,  and  will  brin." 
the  present  crop  down  to  probably  6,000,000  bales 
or  even  less.  The  cotton  crop  necessarily  increases 
somewhat  every  year,  even  during  the  most  un- 
favorable seasons,  simply  because  there  is  a  con- 
stantly   increasing    acreage,    cspeciallv    in    the 
States  of  Mississippi,   Arkzii.vis,   L,,i.is.ana,   and 
iexas.     The  increase  in  Arkansas  and  Texas  is 
traced  directly  to  emigration,  while  in  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana  the  increase  is  more  directly  traced 
to  the  steady  improvement  among  planters   who 
clear   fresh   lands   every   vear  and   add   to   the 
capacity  of  their  plantations.     In  this  county  the 
average  of  increase  each  new  year  is  about  3,000 
which  adds  3,000  bales  cotton  to  the  exports  of 
this   crop   from  this  country  alone.     With  this 
generally,  you  will  perceive  that  the  cotton  crop 
ot  the  United  States  is  certain  of  slight  increase 
every  year,  without  regard  to  the  seasons.     With 
the   introduction  of  a  successful  cotton-picking 
machine,  the  crop  would  double  itself  in  a  year 
or  two,  and  could  be  produced  at  a  cost  of  about 
three  cents  per  pound.     Th<"  principal  expense 
in  this  crop  is  the  picking,  which  is  done  entirely 
by  hand  at  a  cost  ranging  from  fifty  to  seventy- 
five  cents  per  hundred  pounds  seed  cotton.     This 
hundred   pounds  will   usually  give   twentv-live 
pounds  lint  cotton.    So  the  cost  would  be  at  fifty 
cents  per  hundred  pounds  seed  cotton,  two  cents 
per  pound  for  the  lint.     This  cost  once  removed 
and  the  crop  will  soon  double  itself,  for  the  same 
labor  now  engaged  can  cultivate  twice  the  acreage 
that  IS  now  done.     Planters  usually  make  their 
crops  upon  "shares,"  furjiishiug  the  tenant  with 
land   tools  and  team,  and  feed  for  the  teams  so 
employed  ;  also  furnishing  the  tenant  with  house 
and  garden  free  of  all  rent.    In  return  the  tenant 
gives  one  half  of  all  the  cotton  and  corn  he  may 
make      No  claim  is  ever  made  bv  planters  for 
halt  the  pumpkins,  potatoes,  or  other  crops  grown 
by  tenants.     Fuel  is  furni,shed  free.     The  crop  of 
cotton  IS  divided  at  the  gin  after  being  baled  for 
market,   and   these   settlements   are,   I   believe 
strictly  honest  to   the   tenant.     If  he  produces 
5,000  pounds  lint  cotton,  he  receives  exactly  2  500 
pounds      He  is  required  to  pay  all  expenses  of 
the  picking,  if  he  neglects  to  pick  his  crop;  but 
the  ginning  charges,  usually  .*2.00  per  bale,  are 
paid  by  each ;  that  is,  the  planter  pays  for  gin- 
ning, pressing  and  wrapping  his  half,  and   the 
tenant  the  same  on  his  interest.     The  tenants  is  at 
no  expense  if  he  does  his  duty  as  ])er  contract 
except  for  his  own  family  supplies,  and  the  ex- 
pense on  his  half  of  the  crop  for  ginning  prepar- 
ing and  hauling  to  market.     It  has  been  said  by 
Oeneral  Butler,  in  some  of  his  speeches  latelv 
that  the  negro  labor  of  the  South,  was  the  poorest 
paid  of  any  in  the  United  States;  that  the  labor- 
era  ot  the  South  were  paupers,  and  as  such  are 
brought  into  competition  with  the  labor  of  the 
North,  to  the  great  injury  of  the  latter.     This  is 
an  error,  and  refiects  not  so  much  upon  the  white 
people  of  the  South  as  upon  the  negro;  the  sub- 
ject of  his  remarks  is  a   reflection   upon   their 
industry  and   economy.    Let  us  see  how   near 
correct  the  General  is. 

We  will  prefiice  our  remarks  by  .saying  if  a 
nian's  face  is  black,  his  recommendation  is  suffi- 
cient to  a  Southern  planter.  No  capital  is  re- 
(juired  by  the  applicant ;  no  certificate  of  character 
IS  thought  of,  the  situation  or  partnership  is  open 
to  the  thief  as  freely  as  the  honest  man.  Dis- 
charged criminals  are  taken  into  partnerships  to 
make  crops,  as  quickly  as  any  other.    All  that 


IS  necessary  is  to  apply  to  the  owner  of  the  plan- 
tation.    State  that  he  wishes  to  make  a  crop  of 
cotton  on  his  plantation  that  vear ;  that  he  wishes 
to  rent  twenty-five  acres  of  land  ;  that  he  wants 
two  mules,   harnes.s,  farming   implements    feed 
tor  two   mules  and  himself^and  family  for  ten 
months  ;  that  he  will  require  fiftv  dollars  in  cash 
during  the  crop  season,  &c.     Now,  to  more  fullv 
illustrate,  here  is  a  totally  irresponsible  partv 
asking  tor  ' '  trust "  that  amounts  in  the  aggregate 
to  *825,  without  one  iota  of  .security,  and  he  re- 
ceives credit  for  that  amount  without  a  question 
as  to   his   honesty,  capacity,    or  reliability.     If 
disposed  to  do  so,  he  could  remain  on  the  planta- 
tion m  full  possession  of  all  rights  secured  by  his 
contract,   and   when   the    time    approached   for 
settlement,  could  leave  his  crop,  and  the  country  ■ 
indebted  to  you  for  the  entire  .$82.5.     I  know  of 
hundreds  in  this  countv  tliat  are  working  to-dav 
upon   other  men's  capital,    without  one   doUa'r 
security  outside  ot  a  mortgage  lien  on  growing 
crops;  all  good  enough  when  the  crop  is  secure, 
and   a  full  average  yield  is  maile,  but   utterlv 
worthless   before,   leaving   all    the   risk   on   the 
shoulders  of  the  planter.     Do  Northern  men  ever 
manage  affairs  so  unbusiness  like  ?     Do  the  farm 
laborers  North  ever  have  such  opp(n-tunities  to 
better  their  condition  in  life?     If  they  did    lam 
full  well  aware  that  everv  individual  there 'would 
long,  long  ago,  have  owned  farms  of  their  own  ■ 
and  so  could  the  negro  of  the  South,  if  he  was  as 
intelligent  aud  thrittv  as  the  white  men.     He  is 
not,  however,  on  the  contrary  he  is  a  spendthrift 
and  will  spend  the  years  income  with  more  lavish 
hand  than  Vanderbilt.     One  month  usuallv  suf- 
fices to  get  rid  of  his  years  earnings,  and  to  him- 
selt  alone  is  he  indebted  for  any  pauperism  that 
may  exist.     There  is  none  that  I  am  aware  of 
and  there  are  no  people  more  averse   to  being 
called  paupers  than  the  negroes  of  the  South  ;  and 
they  are  not  paupers.   Countv  "  poor  houses"  do 
not  exist  in  the  South.     The  few  paupers  we  have 
are  the  old  and  crippled,  and  these  are  supported 
by  their  relations,  who  are  paid  $6.00  per  month 
by  the  Board  of  Supervisors  for  such  support- 
and  in  this  county  $400  annually  will  cover  all 
pauper  exjienses. 

'How  let  us  see  what  a  tenant  on  shares  receives 
for  his  yearly  labor  on  a  cotton  plantation  He 
IS  given  twelve  acres  of  land,  furnished  every- 
thing except  his  own  supplies.  He  jdants  ten 
acres  m  cotton,  two  in  corn,  (this  twelve  acres 
does  not  include  three-quarters  of  an  acre  for 
garden).  His  cotton  in  favorable  seasons  will 
yield  : — 
10  bales,  averaging  450  pounds  each,  or 

4o00  pounds,  (Si  10  cents .$450  00 

10,000  pounds  seed  (Si  10  cents,     .     .     .       100  00 
60  bushels  corn  Ca\  50  cents,     ....        3000 


NO  EXCELLENCE  WITHOUT  LABOR. 


The  jErpcriences  of  a  Virginia  Farmer. 


No.  4. 
We  were  filling  barrels  with  water  to  be  drawn 
up  to  the  thirsty  plants.  Some  sorts  cannot 
stand  througli  such  a  trying  time  as  this  very  dry 
.season  lias  been.  When  we  water  we  soak  the 
ground,  then  it  is  done.  To  put  a  few  drops  on 
the  surface  is  of  no  use.  The  ground  must  be 
thoroughly  soaked  so  that  tne  roots  will  keep 
their  place  down  in  the  ground.  To  only  wet 
the  surface  will  cause  .surface-roots  to  be  devel- 
oped, and  when  the  watering  should,  iierchance 
be  neglected  a  little  too  long,  tlie  plants  will 
suffer,  and  often  they  die  much  sooner  than  if 
not  watered  at  all. 

As  the  water  was  being  transferred  to  the  bar- 
rel it  was  quite  amusing  to  notice  the  various 
attitudes  and  motions  of  the  boys  in  their  work. 
Sometimes  the  bucket  was  .caught  by  one  liand 
and  sometimes  with  another,  and  often  two  mo- 
tions made  where  only  one  was  needed.  It  is 
only  a  motion  that  is  lost  and  so  seldom  thought 
of,  but  when  one  is  to  make  many  thousand 
motions  a  day,  it  co.sts  time  and  strength,  which 
if  wa.sted  when  there  can  be  some  saving  done, 
why  is  it  not  as  well  to  do  so  ?  In  all  our  work.s 
there  can  be  a  system  developed  by  which  every 
motion  may  be  governed  to  that  end  that  not 
only  minutes  but  often  hours  Saved  by  a  little  * 


Expense  ginning  10  bal 
Bagging  and  ties  10  bal 
Hauling,  &c.,       .     .     . 


Total,     $580.00 
$20.00 
12.50 
2.50 


Total,        $35.00         35.00 


Total  net  proceeds  of  crop,  .$545.00 
He  receives  one-half,  or  .$272..50  for  his  services 
and  this  without  one  dollar  of  his  own  invested  • 
has  all  the  time  he  wants  for  loafing  around  the 
village  stores,  drinking  tangle- foot  whisky  and 
discussing  national  politics.  His  actual  working 
time  during  the  crop  averages  two  days  in  each 
week.  The  price  of  day  labor  here  is  seventy- 
five  cents  and  one  dollar,  and  the  demand  is 
greater  than  the  supply ;  so  it  cannot  be  said  that 
people  are  paupers,  when  they  receive  one  dollar 
per  days  work,  commencing  at  !•  o'clock  \  M 
and  ceasing  at  6  o'clock  P.  M.,  with  two  hours 
rest  during  the  day  ;  and  these  people  can  live  on 
twenty-five  cents  per  day. 


attention  to  a  systematic  management. 

In  the  matter  of  filling  the  barrel  with  water, 
the  bucket  could  just  as  well  be  caught  up  by 
the  same  hand,  and  less  spilling,  less  movements, 
and  less  strength  used  and  more  work  accom- 
plished in  the  same  time  if  hut  a  thought  was 
taken  how  to  do  it.  This  is  a  small  item  to  write 
of,  but  the  old  saying  that  "goslings  make  gan- 
ders "  applies  that  if  in  snwll  things  system  is 
made  the  rule,  so  in  larger,  and  of'more  value 
will  the  systematizing  of  work  be  equally  a 
value  to  the  wi«-th  of  tlie  work  to  be  performed. 
If  one  will  think  when  .something  is  to  be 
carried  from  the  house  to  the  barn  or  any  other 
place,  to  take  along  a  jiart  or  whole,  as  can  be 
done,  when  going  in  that  or  the  other  direction, 
or  bring  back  articles  as  a  trip  is  being  made  in 
the  opposite  direction,  many,  many  steps  might 
be  saved.  So  it  is  in  all  "our  lives;  we  must 
think,  and  by  timely  thought  develop  that  habit 
of  systematizing  in  all  the  moves  we  make,  and 
not  only  save  time  and  expense,  but  make  our 
lives  more  pleasant.  It  is  here  certainly  that  an 
excellence  can  be  known  by  a  habit  of  thoughtful 
labor. 

The  milkman  is  sure  to  leave  the  box  or  stool 
under  the  cow  where  he  milks  as  ho  is  to  milk 
the  cow.  I  have  suggested  to  him  often  (hat  a 
little  care  might  be  of  service  to  him.  It  is  not 
a  comfortable  place  for  a  cow  to  lay  with  a 
sharp-cornered  box  against  her  sides  as  she  drops 
down  to  rest,  and  besides  it  is  not  a  pleasant 
habit  to  be  seemingly  incapable  of  i)ntting  up 
anything  that  is  used.  I  can  get  but  one  answer 
to  my  suggestions  about  "having  a  place  for 
everything  and  ])utting  everything"  in  its  place." 
It  is  this:  "You'll  ilo  verv  well  for  details;  I 
have  no  time  for  details.  When  I  get  through 
using  a  tool  I  am  obliged  to  drop  it  and  go  for 
something  else,  and  then  when  I  am  through 
at  that  I  return  and  take  up  the  work  here.  If 
I  should  attend  to  all  the  details  von  speak  of 
I  would  starve  before  I  could  get  my  living.  I 
am  no  detail  man,  I  aint." 

So  goes  the  world.  Stock  gets  poor  or  are  ru- 
ined for  want  of  details.  No  time  to  remove  a 
stool,  the  harness  njion  the  work  animal,  or  the 
sharp-edged  instrument  or  other  dangerous  thing 
near  or  over  which  they  are  to  jiass  or  stand. 


flDYEI^IiISEMBNIiS. 


Please  mention  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


Marlboro  .^^SPBERRY.andNewgrapes.b.vtheorig- 
"""'"  inators.  A.J.  Caywood  di-.Son.lrurilioro,  N.  V. 


CIDER 

Presses,  Graters,  Elevators,  &c, 

BOOMER  it  BOSCHERT  PRESS 
t'O.,  Syracuse,  W,  Y. 


TUCKAHOE  NURSERY  AND  FRUIT  FARM. 

Carodne  Co.,  Md..  11.  ar  Hillshorr.ii^'li.    Liime  stnek  Pcacri 


•  aiuiiiie  ..u.,  rag.,  liiar    Jlillsncirrill^'ll.      L-.iraf  stork  Peach 

Trees.  App(es,  Cherry,  and  other  Nursery  Slocic.  both  frull  and 
Ornamcnlal     (u.-ukofree.    C.  E.  JARIfELL.  H(((8borouoh,  Md! 


PEACH     TREES. '^F^AlrTRA^DE'' 

our  usual  la  avy  stock  of  Peach  Trees.  (Purchasers  of 
Jart^e  lols  shonld  correspond  with  us.)  .Also,  all  kinds 
01  Fruit.  Simile,  and  Ornaiiii-iilnl  Tici-s.  and 
Siiinll  Fruit  I'Iniitn.  gS'Wf  <-aii  supiilv  a  liraitec! 
quantity  natural  Southern  Peacb  Seeil,  Kalhered  ex- 
pressH-  tor  us  by  our  special  agent.  Quality  guaranteed. 
DAVID   BAIRD  &  SO>.  ninnnranan.  N.  J. 

^fl(18S4)  Chrorao  Cards,  no  twoalike.  with  name,  lOe. 
^*»  13  pks.,  $1.00.    GEO.  I.  EEED  &  CO.,  Nas.sau,  N.  Y. 


BULBS!        BULBS! 

BKST  I.MPORTED  AND  HO>Ii:  «K«»\VN. 

ALSO  SEEDS  FOR  FALL  SOWING 

And  Plants  for  Winter  Blooming. 

Price-list  FREE.    A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH.  IOWA. 


S.  W.  STERRETT,  Barnitz,  Pa., 

lower  otflmicc  Si:i:i)  OATS.  CORN,  WHEAT 


niicl  POTATOHS.    Ciilnlogiic  li-ce 


»ULBS,  ROSES,  SMALL  FRUITS, 
'  GRAPE  VINESJaL"""' 

FREE   CATAEOGI 


Bl  ,  , 

^  QRAPE  VINES  f'"-^'^"  Planting. 
For  FREE  CATALOGUE,  telline  how 
cheaply  you  can  fret  them  by  mail,  address 
WM.   B.  REED,  CHAMBERSBURC  PA,l 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


The  great  manufacturing  establishments  of  our 
continent  are  supjiorteil  and  often  driven  with 
work  to  suj^ply  orders  caused  by  these  anti-de- 
tailers.  Tools  tliat  would  last  years  are  lost, 
rusted,  or  othervrise  ruined  anil  made  useless  by 
want  of  care  alias  detail.  Time  in  hunting  up 
lost  or  misplaced  tools  wheu  needed  (and  some- 
times actual  loss  to  value  of  large  sums  actually 
occur,)  is  often  more  tiian  doul^le  what  it 
would  have  cost  to  put  up  tlie  article  when 
through  witli  it.  Such  men  and  women  wonder 
why  John  thrives,  has  plenty  of  time  to  go,  and 
yet"  do  his  work,  and  "always  knows  where  to 
put  his  hand  on  his  every  tool,  even  in  the  dark." 
If  they  will  stop  a  moment  and  think,  perhaps 
they  will  see  some  of  the  good  results  of  attend- 
ing to  details.  Witliout  constant  care  there  can 
be  no  excellence,  even  witli  lai>or. 

To-day  I  again  rode  over  (piite  a  long  way  of 
the  road  covered  witli  weeds,  leaves,  grass,  roots, 
etc.,  called  refuse,  and  tliis  tune  in  front  of  one 
of  one  of  our  best  agriculturists.  There  might 
have  been  some  wire  grjLss  in  the  S|)ringy  vege- 
table pavement,  Dut  tiiis  sliould  not  have  con- 
demned it  for  bedding  fr)r  stock.  The  season  is 
so  very  dry  it  should  have  l.)een  j>laced  under 
cover  and  kept  for  winter,  if  tiiouglit  too  green 
for  use  now.  All  vegetable  refuse  should  be 
saved  up  dry  for  the  needs  of  the  cold,  wet,  and 
uncomfortalde  days  and  nights  sure  to  be  upon 
us  before  many  weeks  now.  The  time  will 
surely  come  when  the  now  mistaken  idea  that 
the  so-called  nuisance,  "wire  gra.ss,"  will  lie 
valued  at  its  true  worth,  and  find  a  place  on  our 
best  farms. 

Of  course,  it  is  of  little  use  to  attempt  to  pro- 
duceachange  in  the  stereotyped  haliits  cd'  people. 
Gallileo  said,  "The  world  does  move,  lor  all  my 
recantation."  So  time  will  mark  the  dates  of 
the  old  and  new.  The  roads  may  l)e  i)iled  full 
of  that  "  nuisance  "  tor  years  by  the  average  of 
farmers,  yet  here  it  can  be  seen  that  this  dreaded 
grass,  only  a  lover  of  the  seldom-tilled  soil,  is 
subdued  with  less  trouble  than  many  other  sorts 
of  growths.  Those  that  come  frr>m  seeds  which 
remain  year  after  vear  to  grow  wiien  the  oppor- 
tunity occurs,  and  which  in  turn  produce  mil- 
lions more  each  year  to  cover  the  ground,  are 
a  nuisance  indeed,  as  they  grow  so  thitrkly  that 
a  green,  matted  surface  surrounds  every  plant 
that  is  hoped  to  make  us  a  crop.  They  can 
only,  in  many  of  our  crops,  be  e.\termiuated  by 
hand-weeding. 

Wire  grass,  though  condemned  by  the  thought- 
less surface  workers,  is  of  great  value  to  our  poor 
eoils,  keeping  it  from  washing  into  gullies  when 
heavy  rains  make  rivulets  across  every  acre,  and 
when  treated  as  it  should  be,  will  produce  a  bet- 
ter ])asture  than  can  be  grown  by  any  other  grass 
at  our  service-  When  the  fields  are  needed  for 
tlie  plow,  tlie  soil  is  full  of  plant  food,  which  is 
of  more  value  than  now  dreamed  of,  and  which, 
being  already  evenly  distributed  upon  the  soil, 
only  Waiting  for  the  hand  of  the  tiller  to  utilize, 
is  one  of  the  cheapest  and  most  profitable  of  our 
forage  aud  plant-food  crops.  The  cost  of  reduc- 
ing this  "nuisance"  to  plant  food  need  not  l)e 
great  or  troublesome,  only  cultivate  and  till  the 
soil,  which  should  be  done  whether  it  be  for  de- 
struction of  weeds  from  seeds  or  wire  grass  or  to 
keel)  the  soil  loose,  if  no  weeds  or  grass  appear. 

Tliis  last  item,  as  a  basis  of  success  with  crojis, 
is  the  sumnuvi  bonum  of  the  culturist's  work. 
Get  your  excellence  by  labor. 


WTNTEB  TVOBK. 


By  Ehen  E.  Rexford,  Shwcton,  TTis, 

It  generally  happens  that  the  ]>lough  or  the 
harrow,  in  common  with  most  machinery  used 
on  the  farm  or  in  the  garden,  goes  into  winter 
quarters  rather  the  worse  for  wear.  This  thing 
or  that  is  broken  or  worn,  and  needs  repair. 
The  winter  is  a  time  of  considerable  leisure 
among  farmers  and  gardeners,  and  some  of  this 
time  should  be  devoted  to  putting  tools  in  proper 
order  for  the  next  season's  work.  If  this  is  done 
now,  it  can  be  done  well,  for  there  will  be  no 
hurry.  If  not  done  now  the  season  will  open, 
and  when  the  article  is  needed  there  will  be  an 
unavoidable  delay  in  making  the  necessary  re- 
pairs, and  in  the  haste  with  which  they  are  done 
they  very  likely  will  be  done  slightingly,  and 
the  consequence  will  be  a  break-down  in  the 
busiest  part  of  the  work,  perhaps.  I  have  known 
such  things  to  happen,  and  I  jiresume  most 
farmers'  experience  has  been  similar. 

Take  tool  by  tool  and  go  over  it  carefully. 
See  that  everything  is  as  it  should  be.  If  new 
parts  are  to  be  substituted  for  old  and  worn-out 
ones,  procure  them  and  put  tiiem  in  place  at 
once.  By  doing  this  you  will  iiave  everything 
in  trim  for  use  when  it  is  needed,  and  there  will 
be  no  wasting  of  time  or  temper  in  making  re- 
pairs when  you  are  anxious  to  make  every  mo- 


ment count.  Slight,  but  needed  repairs  made 
now,  will  often  save  a  good  deal  of  expense  that 
may  result  from  neglect. 

The  winter  is  a  good  time  to  plan  next  sea- 
son's work.  Think  out  what  you  want  to  do. 
Arrange  your  work  on  some  sort  of  system.  If 
you  do  this  you  can  plan  it  in  such  a  way  that 
one  i>iece  of  work  can  be  done  without  inter- 
fering with  another.  Too  often  the  spring  opens 
and  the  farmer  finds  his  work  waiting  to  be  done 
and  he  has  not  thought  what  he  wants  to  do,  and 
in  the  hurry  and  bustle  of  the  season  he  cannot 
find  time  to  form  any  definite  plans,  and  he 
rushes  it  ahead  in  any  way  to  get  it  done.  After- 
wards, he  sees  where  things  should  have  been 
done  differently.  There  is  no  reason  why  he 
should  not  have  forseen  this,  and  arranged  every- 
thing beforehand.  I-'anners  do  not  look  on  farm- 
ing in  as  much  of  a  business  light  as  they  ought 
to.  The  merchant  or  the  manufacturer  plans 
ahead.  In  leisure  hours  they  think  out  what 
they  want  to  do,  and  make  preparations  for  it. 
When  it  comes  time  to  act  they  have  only  to  i>ut 
into  execution  the  plans  they  have  formed.  The 
farmer  should  do  the  same.  Let  the  winter 
leisure  be  a  time  of  head-farming,  and  it  will 
help  along  the  farming  of  the  land  t)y-and-by. 


PREPARING  FOR  EARLY  GARDENING. 

There  are  many  things  to  be  attended  to  in 
Autumn,  if  we  intend  to  start  plants  before  the 
frost  leaves  the  earth  in  spring.  If  we  are  to 
start  only  a  few  plants  in  boxes  by  the  kitchen 
stove  and  soutli  wind<»w,  we  need  to  have  the 
earth,  mold,  and  compost  ready,  as  they  can  be 
gotten  out  and  prejiared  to  much  better  advan- 
tage now,  than  in  mid-winter,  when  they  must 
be  chopped  out  of  frozen  masses,  thawed  out,  and 
dried  before  using. 

If  the  gardening  operations  are  to  be  extensive 
enough  to  require  the  use  of  hot-beds,  the  trenches 
should  be  dug,  and  the  frames  erected  this  fall, 
so  that  they  will  be  ready  to  receive  the  manure 
and  glass  at  any  time.  When  this  is  done,  the 
frames  should  be  covered  over  with  hoards,  or 
]>oles  and  straw,  to  keep  the  snow  out  until  time 
for  occupyihg.  Experience  has  taught  me  that 
it  does  not  pay  to  shovel  the  snow  and  ice  off  the 
site,  and  cho]»  a  trench  in  the  frozen  earth  in 
March,  when  1  can  do  the  same  work  in  the  quar- 
ter of  the  time  in  November. 

Cold  frames  should  also  be  constructed  and 
placed  in  position  before  snow  comes.  By  this, 
I  mean  those  cold  frames  that  are  to  be  used  over 
such  plants  as  rhubarb  and  asparagus,  when  they 
grow  in  the  garden.  Those  who  have  never 
tried  it,  have  no  idea  how  much  earlier  and  ten- 
derer those  plants  will  be  wlien  surrounded  with 
frames  banked  up  on  the  outside  with  manure, 
and  covered  with  glass  during  nights  and  cold 
days.  I  have  forced  them  ahead  three  weeks  by 
such  simple  inexpensive  means.  Even  a  barrel 
with  botli  ends  out,  turned  over  a  hill,  will 
answer  the  purpose.  These  frames  can  be  verv 
easily  constructed  by  driving  two  stakes  on  each 
side  of  the  row,  in  pairs  opposite  each  other,  and 
far  enough  apart  to  suit  the  length  of  the  boards 
used.  This  gives  something  to  nail  the  side  aud 
end  boards  to,  and  holds  the  whole  structure  in 
position.  In  width  the  box  must  not  be  over  two 
feet,  or  the  size  of  a  narrow  sash.  It  should  be 
boarded  up   about  twenty  inches,   or  two   feet. 


These  should  also  be  covered  over  during  the 
winter  with  any  material  that  may  be  conven- 
iently at  hand. 

With  both  hot  and  cold  frames,  rugs,  mats,  old 
blankets,  or  straw  should  be  kept  at  hand,  to  be 
used  during  the  cold  spell,  after  the  plants  have 
started. 

An  early  garden  is  one  of  the  luxuries  that 
every  farmer  can  afford,  and  why  so  many  deny 
themselves  such  inexpensive  luxuries,  is  a  ques- 
tion that  I  leave  for  others  to  solve.  There  is 
economy  in  a  good  garden,  and  no  garden  is  a 
;/ood  garden,  unless  it  furnishes  fruit  and  vegeta- 
bles in  earlv  as  well  as  late  summer. 


EARLY  BEETS  AND  RADISHES. 


By  Thos.  D.  Baird,  GreenvtUe,  Ky. 


Perhaps  no  other  garden  crop  is  more  profitable 
to  raise,  according  to  the  expense,  than  beets  and 
radishes,  if  early.  None  have  so  few  enemies, 
more  especially  the  beet.  Wliere  one  has  a  small 
boy,  these  crops  can  be  grown  and  marketed  as  a 
catch  crop,  it  you  are  within  one  or  two  miles  of 
market.     I  have  reference  to  small  towns. 

To  have  these  crops  early,  one  should  prepare 
and  manure  his  ground  in  the  fall.  Well  rotted 
manure  is  best,  but  long  manure  will  do;  spread 
it  on  the  ground  and  then  take  a  large  turning 
plow  and  throw  the  soil  u]>  in  ridges  about  four 
feet  wide.  In  this  way  you  leave  large,  deep, 
dead,  furrows  between  each  ridge,  to  lead  ofl'  all 
surplus  water.  Next  spring,  these  ridges  will  do 
to  work  four  or  five  days  earlier  than  soil  not 
ridgefi.     The  warmest  soil  should  be  selected. 

Where  one  ij  scarce  of  ground,  I  find  a  good 
way  to  plant  is  to  level  these  ridges,  makingbeds 
four  or  five  feet  wide.  Work  the  soil  quite  mel- 
low. Rake  the  beds  level  and  broad;  cast  hen 
manure  on  these  beds  as  liberally  as  possible, 
working  it  well  in  the  soil.  Line  off  rows  ten 
inches  apart,  and  sow  to  beets  and  radishes,  in 
alternate  lines.  As  soon  as  the  plants  are  up, 
sprinkle  ashes  thicklv  over  the  beds.  Planted 
in  this  way,  the  radislies  can  be  sold  off  before 
tlie  heels  need  room.  As  soon  as  they  are  an 
inch  in  diameter,  they  are]>uton  the  market.  Tied 
in  bunches,  eight  to  ten  in  a  bunch,  are  readilv 
sold  for  five  cents  per  bunch.  X  Jicrt,  industri- 
ous boy  can  sell  two  to  three  dollars  worth  every 
morning,  and  not  lose  more  than  two  hours  time. 

As  soon  as  the  beets  have  bott^ims  two  inches 
in  diameter,  I  put  them  on  the  market.  Three 
tied  iii  a  bunch,  sell  readily  at  five  cents  per 
bunch.  In  drawing  the  first  for  market,  they 
are  drawn  so  as  to  thin  the  rows  and  give  more 
room  for  the  crop  to  grow.  Where  one  has  plenty 
of  ground,  I  prefer  to  mark  ofl  rows  two  and  a 
half  feet,  and  top  dress  with  hen  manure,  mixed 
with  the  soil,  and  sow  in  single  lines  on  these 
furrows,  using  ashes  as  above  stated.  This  way 
gives  more  room  to  work  the  crop,  and  to  work 
them  often,  hastens  their  growth;  and  three  or 
four  days  ahead  in  market,  makes  a  great  differ- 
ance  in  your  profit. 

My  favorite  radish  for  early  market  is  Hender- 
.son's  Early  Dark  Scarlet  Turnip.  This  is  cer- 
tainly in  the  lead  of  all  radishes  for  earliness, 
tenderness,  aud  beauty.     They  are  very  tender. 

Beets. — The  Early  True  Egyptian  Turnip  has 
no  equal  for  earliness  and  good  flavor;  quite 
handsome.    This  is  my  favorite  for  early  market. 


for  F,\M, 
PUNTING. 
I  Elegantly  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  Free  to  All. 
Address  W.)I.  B.  REEU,  Cbainbersburs.  Pa. 


RULBS  AND  ROSES 

■'My  Eleqantly  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUI 


TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS 

GRAPE  VINES  and  SMALL,  FRUITS. 

Iluuvy  Stock.  Orcot  Vuplety,   Low  PpIccs,  Free  I'atu- 
loffue.  J,  JENKINS,  Winona,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio. 


PEACH    TREES  suited  to  all  swlioiis.     APPLE  trees,  extra 

h'liK  keeping  varieties.     Kieffcr  and   Leconie  Pears.     A   full  line  ot  all 

kinds  o(  Nursery  Slock  cheap.     Trees,  Grape  Vine*.  Small  Fruil  and 

other  plaoU  bv  mall      Catalogues  slmwinK  liow  ami  what  to  plant,  free. 

KANDOLPH   PETEKS,  Wilmington  Delaware. 


is,5^iss4.    THE  LARGEST 

.VM>   MOST    llE.\rTIFl'l, 

EARLY  PEAR. 

RIpeniiibs'  in  <''MHral  Nt-w  Yoiiv  early  in 
'July,  :>ii(l  sells  at  hiahest  prices.  Setxi  I'or 
history ol  Originnl  Tree.  100  yvs.  old. 
ttiT  Heailqimrlei'M  tm  KIKFFKK 
l*eai'!>*,      PA  K  H  Y     Sli*n\vberrieH. 

_        WILSON    JIMOR    IJlaekberru's, 

MiViCLliURO    KnMpberi'ieH,    anil    GRAPES. 
WILLIAM     PARRY,    Parry  P.O.,   New    Jerser- 


rARMS  IN  VIRGINIA 

VKK  V  CIl  KAP.  Taxes  l.nv.   Scud  lor  Calalipgue. 
Alir..,  t.    I>.   EPES,    .Sotlimuj,   t.   H..    Vlreliilu. 


THE  BIGGEST  THING  OUT  "-yt^JiTPR^'i?"^ 

(new)  E.  NASON  A  CO.,  120  Fulton  St.,  New  York. 

Eml>ossed  and  Hidden  Name  Cards  with  Eloeanl  prize  10  cect», 
i;j  iiks.  flJK).   BI.,\KKSLKK  d   CO..  North  Haven.  Connecticut. 


40 


TO  NURSERYtlSN.  "Te ach  " pyxs!'- 

Apple,  Pear.  Plum.  Cherry.  Oaa^e  Orange.  Riih- 

sia  i>lats.  At.    Jft^SainijIeH  and  Prices  on  ai)i)licaiion. 

JOHNSON    &  STOKES,   Seedsmen, 

1114    .M.VKKET   ST.,   PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


The  VALPARAISO  SQUASH 

OR    SWKET    POTATO    PI  3IPRIN. 

This  new  variety  oi'  Sgimsii  ijitt-ly  iiurodiiced  from 
Somh  America,  more  properly  belongs  to  the  pumpkin 
family.  Thev  grow  to  a  Uirge  size,  weighin;;  from  '20  to 
40  pounds  ;  "of  a  rich,  deep  golden  color  Very  tine 
graiD;  will  keep  the  year  round,  and  are  decidedly  the 
very  best  for  cookint;  purposes  of  any  variety  in  cultr- 
vilion.    Packet)  15  cents, 

WHITE  PINE-APPLE  SQUASH, 

Good  for  summer  or  winter  use     A    ti^w  and  valuable 

iioveltv.    Pncket,  15  reiitj*. 
Both  of  the  above  by  mail  for  '25  rents.  Address 
SAM'L  WILSON.  Seed  Grower,  Mechanlcsville,  Bucks  Co.   Pa. 


HOW  THE  FARM  PAYS 


AGENTS   WANTED.      PETER    HENDERSON    A 


By  William  Croz/er  and  Peter  Henderson. 
Just  issued  A  iie^v  work  of  400  piiiccN. 
miitaiiiiii;!  '235  illuwi  rot  ions.  >'nt  post- 
paid J-.r  ¥Z.^y  T:vV'\>'  '.f  <-onl.-iits  niaili-d  Iree 
CO.,     S5  and   ST   Cortlumlt    St..    >fw    Yurk- 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


Ol^GHAI^D  AND  SMALL  Fl^UITS 


PLANNING  FOR  A  YODNG  ORCHARD, 
By  L.  H.  Baii^y,  Jr..  Cambridge,  Ma^s. 

The  present  is  an  opportune  time  to  inaugurate 
plans  for  the  setting  of  an  orchard,  and  for  the 
method  of  its  early  cultivation.  Tlie  time  re- 
quired for  the  trees  to  come  into  bearing  and  the 
health  and  sliape  of  the  trees  when  full-grown, 
will  in  a  great  measure  depend  on  their  early 
training.  Leaving  out  the  matter  of  choice  of 
varieties,  there  are  questions  relating  to  forms  of 
planting,  and  to  details  of  cultivation  which  will 
bear  careful  discussion.  For  all  the  larger  grow- 
ing varieties  of  apple  trees,  an  ample  space  must 
be  allowed  between  tlie  rows.  Young  trees  scat- 
tered over  the  field  at  a  distance  of  forty  feet  apart 
each  way,  present  a  discouragingly  thin  appear- 
ance for  a  few  years,  to  be  sure,  but  uo  otlier 
method  of  planting  can  hope  to  bring  highly 
remunerative  results.  The  object  of  cultivating 
the  tree  is  to  procure  jirofit  from  it  ten  or  twenty 
years  hence,  and  towards  that  distant  point  we 
must  make  every  effort  tend.  There  is  no  com- 
moner fault  among  orchards  than  close  planting. 
There  are  few  varieties  of  apples  which  can  be 
profitably  grown  nearer  together  than  thirty-five 
or  forty  feet.  (_)ne  of  the  finest  orchards  I  knew 
ten  years  ago,  is  now  a  tangle  of  interlapping 
branches,  although  the  trees  are  but  twenty  years 
old,  and  they  were  set  two  rods  apart.  Forty 
feet  each  way  is  a  popular  and  proper  distance  for 
trees  to  be  separated.  In  the  case  of  Baldwins, 
Greenings,  Kings,  and  other  strong  varieties,  if 
grown  on  strong  soil,  I  should  prefer  to  increase 
that  distance  rather  than  decrease  it. 
ylf  the  orchard  is  to  include  several  varieties,  it 
is  usually  better  to  set  each  variety  in  a  block  or 
square  by  itself,  than  in  rows,  especially  if  the 
rows  are  long.  This  will  be  a  great  convenience 
in  picking  and  packing  the  fruit.  The  nearer 
together  trees  of  the  same  variety  are  set,  the  less 
will  be  the  cost  and  labor  of  harvesting.  In  all 
moderate  size<i  orchards  it  is  better  not  to  set 
more  than  four  or  five  varieties,  if  the  orchard  is 
planted  for  profit.  If  an  equal  number  of  each 
variety  be  set,  the  ground  had  better  be  quartered, 
and  each  quarter,  or  each  half-quarter,  set  with 
one  variety.  If  there  are  widely  different  kinds 
of  soil  and  location  in  difl'erent  parts  of  the  field 
which  is  to  be  planted,  it  will  be  necessary  to 
make  some  calculation  as  to  what  varieties  will 
do  best  in  certain  parts  of  tlie  field.  The  warmest 
ground  should  be  set  to  early  apples  in  preference 
to  winter  apples.  Winter  apples  should  ripen 
late  to  keep  well.  The  least  hardy  varieties 
should  be  seton  the  highest  and  best  drained  soil. 

What  kind  of  crop  to  raise  in  young  orchards 
is  a  matter  too  little  considered.  In  the  first 
place,  tile  young  trees  must  be  cultivated.  Grain 
crops  are  therefore  always  to  be  discouraged. 
The  most  detrimental  result  I  ever  knew  to  follow 
cropping,  was  the  drying  out  of  trees  in  an  oat- 
field.  I  have  several  times  observed  that  oats 
are  liard  on  young  trees.  They  grow  during  the 
whole  dry  season,  and  the  trees  get  no  cultivation 
■whatever.  After  the  crop  is  harvested,  it  is  too 
late  to  plow  up  the  orchard.  I  believe  that  sod 
is  much  less  injurious  to  young  trees  than  wheat 
or  oats.  Trees  must  not  be  cultivated  late  in  the 
fall,  causing  them  to  grow  late  and  not  mature 
their  wood  before  winter.  Putting  winter  wheat 
in  a  young  orchard  is  therefore  especially  hazard- 
ous. In  some  places  corn  is  a  favorite  crop  for 
young  trees,  because  it  protects  them  from  winds. 
When  the  corn  is  removed,  however,  the  young 
trees  are  exposed  suddenly  to  the  most  severe 
winds  of  the  year,  and  they  are  apt  to  suflfer. 
The  best  crop  for  a  young  orchard  is  one  which 
requires  constant  cultivation,  a  ricli  soil,  and  one 
whieli  is  harvested  early  in  the  season.  Some 
cro])  which  requires  deep  culture  is  also  to  be  re- 
commended. iMost  vegetables  are  good  crops, 
especially  such  as  beets  or  carrots  or  potatoes. 
After  the  crop  is  removed,  the  ground  should  be 
harrowed  down  smooth.  Level  culture  is  in  the 
great  majority  of  (?ases  best  for  the  orchard.  Rid- 
ges and  depressions  should  be  leveled  and  filled. 

The  yoting  orchard  will  need  manure,  es- 
pecially if  it  be  upon  a  sandy  or  gravelly  soil, 
upon  which  apples  do  the  best.  If  the  whole 
orchard  cannot  be  manured  in  ol'ie  season,  it  is  a 
good  i)lan  to  manure  the  liglitest  part  the  first 
year,  and  to  make  a  round  of  the  orchard,  man- 
uring as  much  each  year  as  can  be  done  with 
little  expense.  Clayey  soils  should  be  made 
porous  by  frequent  cultivation  in  dry  weather, 
and  liy  a  copious  application  of  coarse  manure' 
sawdust,  or  straw.  The  lumps  of  clay  should  be 
broken  with  a  hoe  in  any  weather.  I  have 
known  the  most  indurated'  clay  to  become  good 
apple  land  in  four  oi  five  years  by  thorough 
under-draining  and  proper  care. 


SOME   QUESTIONS    FROM    NEW    ZEAI/AND. 


Charles  Ryley.  Taranaki,  New  Zealand. 

We  are  emerging  from  a  dismal  and  unusually 
rainy  winter,  and  so  far  as  it  is  possible  to  judge 
at  present,  we  are  going  to  have  an  early  spring. 
Some  of  the  pear  trees  are  already  in  full  bloom, 
as  are  a  few  plums  and  cherries,  and  the  straw- 
berry bed  is  fairly  dotted  with  flowers.  I  have  a 
few  Irish  peach  apple  trees  in  a  sheltered  )iosi- 
tion,  wliicii  are  rapidly  unfolding  their  pink  buds, 
but  the  general  run  of  apples  have  not  yet  begun 
to  show  any  signs  of  life.  A  few  days  ago  I  fin- 
islied  all  my  grafting  but  the  apples;  that  is,  I 
grafted  a  few  good  pears  upon  quince  stocks,  and 
some  favorite  plums  upon  seedling  peaches, 
wliich  in  this  country  are  considered  the  most 
favorable  stocks  for  plums. 

I  have  been  reading  witli  tlie  greatest  interest, 
the  letters  in  your  columns  respecting  the  advisa- 
bility, or  otherwise,  of  keeping  the  ground  clean 
and  cultivated  around  pear  trees.  I  have,  so  far, 
]iursued  the  plan  of  keeping  the  ground  clean, 
with  the  result  that  tlie  trees  have  made  a  deal  of 
wood,  but  no  fruit.  But  to  my  mind  this  was  no 
matter  of  surprise,  as  with  my  English  idea.s,  we 
have  no  riglit  to  exiiect  ]iears  on  the  pear  stock 
to  fruit  until  they  havt-  attained  almost  an  in- 
definite age;  feu-  the  old  adage  says :"  he  who 
jilants  pears,  plants  for  his  heirs."  Though  I 
cannot  say  that  such  were  my  intentions  in  plant- 
ing, I  confess  I  was  not  sanguine  of  reajiing  any 
early  returns  from  that  portion  of  inv  orchard. 

Since  reading  T.  V.  Munson's  letter  of  lOfh 
May,  I  have  deterinined  to  act  upon  the  doctrine 
therein  promulgated,  and  as  an  experiment  I  am 
getting  some  of  my  pears  into  tliick  grass,  thougli 
1  do  not  quite  like  the  idea,  as  I  believe  in  man- 
uring my  trees  now  and  again,  and  I  do  not  see 
liow  I  can  do  that  very  well  if  they  are  surrounded 
by  stiff  sod.  It  may  be  that  the  ground  T,  V,  M, 
has  to  deal  with  is  over  rich,  whereas,  that  which 
I  have  is  quite  the  coiurai-y.  .\gfiiii,  I  do  not 
quite  know  what  description  of  liliglil  is  referred 
to  by  your  correspondents.  The  scab  blight  is 
the  commonest  bliglit  on  pears  here,  though  the 
scab  or  canker  in  the  bark  attacks  some  kinds, 
more  especially  the  Bergamot  descriptions, 

I  should  much  like  to  know  the  age  at  which 
your  pear  growers  expect  their  trees  to  begin  to 
bear.     Pears  on  quince  stocks  not  unfrequently 


bear  here  the  third  year  from  the  graft,  but  I  find 
them  very  uncertain  in  their  growth,  and  I  do 
not  believe  they  would  do  any  good  here,  unless 
they  were  well  cultivated.  Heading  so  much  in 
your  paper  resjiecting  the  value  of  Paris  Green 
as  an  insecticide,  I  tlnnight  to  try  the  effect  of  a 
solution  of  it  upon  tlie  small  green  beetles  which 
every  year,  in  the  early  summer,  do  so  much 
liarm  to  our  jiliim  and  cherry  trees  by  stripping 
them  of  their  leaves;  but  to  my  disappointment, 
I  find  it  is  not  known  to  any  of  our  storekeepers; 
nor  is  London  Purple.  I  wonder  if  any  of  your 
readers  could  inform  me  if  a  dilute  .solution  of 
-Arsenic  would  do  as  well,  and  if  so,  what  propor- 
tiim  it  would  be  safe  to  mix  it  in  witliout  fear  of 
damaging  the  tree.  I  sliould  be  very  glad  too,  to 
know  if  any  of  your  readers  have  hail  any  experi- 
ence witli  a  disease  that  carries  off  innumerable 
trees  here,  and  which  is  called  here,  (rightly  or 
wrongly,  I  cannot  say):  "Root  Fungus."  I 
believe  it  to  be  a  bacterian  development,  attack- 
ing the  roots  of  fruit  trees  under  certain  undefined 
conditions,  and  I  have  known  it  to  carry  off  fifty 
per  cent  of  the  trees  in  a  young  plantation.  It 
covers  the  roots  and  they  rot,  and  the  tree  sud- 
denly droops  and  dies. 

PRESERVING  FRUIT. 

<.lne  of  the  cliief  causes  of  decay,  when  apples 
or  other  fruit  is  stored,  is  close  contact.  Should 
an  imperfect  apple  become  diseased,  the  disease 
of  a  contagious  form,  and  spread  from  one  apple 
to  the  otlier  uniil  all  are  destroyed.  This  is  more 
jiarticularly  noticed  with  peaches  and  plums,  and 
it  reminds  us  tliat  more  care  should  be  exercised 
in  preserving  fruits  over  winter.  Lemons  and 
oranges  come  to  us  from  foreign  countries  wrapped 
in  paper,  and  packed  only  in  small  lots.  It  has 
been  demonstrated  that  apples,  wlien  jdaced  on  a 
shelf,  each  being  sejiarated  from  tlie  other,  keep 
well,  and  why  cannot  a  lesson  be  taken  from  the 
foreign  nictiiods,  wiiich  enable  fruits  grown  in 
warm  climates  to  lie  safely  transported  to  long 
distances.  When  fruit  is  wrapped  it  is  jiartly 
jirotected  from  cold,  and  the  difficulty  from 
freezing  is  not  so  great,  but  a  cool  jilace  should 
therefore  be  selected  for  storage.  No  doubt  many 
may  object  to  the  proiiosition  of  using  so  much 
care  witli  fruit,  but  if  the  good  quality  and  .sound- 
ness results  in  an  increased  price  no  objection 
should  be  made. 


A  CHANCE. 


NOW  IS  THE  BEST  TIME  TO 
COMMENCE  SILK  CULTURE. 


IBSs-  READ  THIS  THROUGH  AND  BE  A  PIONEER  IN  A  NEW  INDUSTRY,  m. 


Naturp  IiasKiven  America  such  vast  n:i(nr;ii  rfstiiutt-s. 
and  such  a  viiriely  of  clitnute,  tliut  we  sln.iilii  l.-ad  the 
world  in  the  prudnclinn  of  iiil  raw  niatiinil  and  inann- 
factures.  Evei-y  year  main/  miUiim.'^  i>i  dnllorx  arf 
.snit  (ibrond  to  imrchasr  raw  and  mantij'arhiird  silk,  all 
of  which  slKiiild  be  n:(aht(d  at  homf,  and  arttled  to  thr 
mntfrial  walth  of  our  oum  land.  Experiments  show 
that  (iin  country,  with  its  dry  atmosphi're.  is  better 
adiiptiil  In  thr  riilhirr  of'  silk  thitn  iiiuiii/  Einopenn  coini- 
trie.s  wiitr'Tk-  silk  has  been  cultivaleil  for  .riiturics.  Tlie 
silk  w<»rin  shouki  never  be  fed  damp  li'aves.  Here 
beneath  our  sunny  skies  there  is  hardly  ii  day  durinj;  the 
season  in  which  dry  leaves  cannot  be  picked  from  the 
trees.  The  culture  of  silk:  is  belter  adapted  to  home 
industry  than  any  other  branch  of  work  which  opens 
as  larffe  a  field  in  the  commercial  market,  it  l)eini; 
vahiahle  as  a  cnnimodity,  ami  hireelv  in  demand  // 
parliriifnrly  conunfiids  itnelr'  to  wouu  n  <i'nd  rhildifn  el'  the 
rural  districts  as  an  oocupali'in  of  inhdnimt  ami  iinn-al 
beaiinfi,  not  requiring  constant  dut\ .  luit  fmihiiufi  the 
parde.s  to  pur-me  their  hon.'o  hnhl  </i(/(>  \.  and  itisaltract- 
luff  vvidc-spn-ad  attention. 

The  ;;rcat  drawijack  Uy  silk  culture  in  the  past  has 
been  tlic  wain  of  iniils  to  manufacture  the  raw  iiialerial 
—a  want  wlitch  no  loiit^er  e.\ists,  for  at  the  prr.\enttime 
200  .v/7/,-  iniNs  a/y  in  daily  opeiailon,  weaving  last  year 
1,599.666  pounds  of  imported  raw  silk,  at  a  cost  of 
SIO.OOO.OOQ.  Baiv  silk  commantls  from  $4  to  $8  per 
pniind.  aiTonlint,'  to  its  tiiialilv.  anri  rnri>f,ns  <i,td  ft».ss 
-•<i!k  SI  to  SI. 50  p'M'  poiiri.l.  640  u,u/i..  ,->■>/  h.>  <  will  -^vaw 
well  on  iwo  a.-r.-s  of  land,  u  In.'li  will  yi.'ld  aiioiil  30.000 
pounds  of  leaves.  'Almiit  siihin  j)oiiiids  (»f  leaves  are 
required  to  make  our  i/oimd  of  fresh  coroons,  which 
would  yield  about  1,705  )>"ii,\ds  of  fresh  racoons;  these 
stifled  wiaild  yield  aiiout  588  ;"'(0(rf«.  Dried  cocoons  of 
Hood  (piahty  arc  worih  S2  per  pound,  or  $1,176,  and  the 
Bivolion  silk  wuin  produces  two  crojis"  a  year.  The 
HxitPiiscs  of  jirotlnciii;;  a  crop  are  as  follows-— JV/^io;-, 
SI20;  oth.T  cxiienses.  S3I ;  all  not  exceedinp  SI60.  De- 
diictirm  iliis  trom  SI. 176  would  leave  St. 016  on  two 
acres  ot  land  in  one  month's  lime,  and  two  crops  per 
year  can  he  jjroduced. 

RUSSIAN    MULBERRY. 

Tills  valuable  fruit,  timber,  and  ornamental  tree  was 
brouKht  to  this  country  from  latitude  49  degrees,  West- 
ern Russia,  by  the  Mennonites,  and  is,  as  near  as  we 
can  learn,  a  cross  between  the  Mnrus  Nigra,  or  black 
mulberry  of  Persia,  and  ihe  Monis  Tarlaca.  a  native 
Russian  varietv.  The  tree  is  a  v<  ry  rapid  groioer.  Trees, 
Ihe  sffd  of  ivhirh  irax  planffil  sir  ij'iir\' af/o,arenoiVtweiltv 
,t*el  in  ficlfi/i(,ttnd  from  st.v  tn  f.ifiht  inches  in  diameter,  ft 
grows  to  be  very  lart;e,  often  reaching  the  height  of  fifty 
feet,  and  from  three  to  five  feet  in  diarm^ier,  and  is 
perfectly  hardy.  The  timber  is  hartl  and  durable,  and  is 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  cabinet  ware,  and  proves  as 
lasting  for  fence  i)osts  as  catalpa  or  red  cedar.  It  com- 
mences to  bear  when  two  >'ears  old.  and  is  a  prolific  . 
bearer,  the  fruit  being  about  the  size  of  Kittaniny 
blackberries.  A  very  great  proportion  of  the  berries  are 
a  jet  black,  the  balance  a  reddish-white.  Thev  have  a 
fl)ie  aromatic ^fiar^or  and  .snfi-nriii  furrrt  taste,  and  "are  used 
for  dessert  as  we  use  blackberries  or  raspberries.  They 
also  make  a  pleasant  light  wine.  The  trees  are  some- 
times so  densely  loaded  as  to  exclude  leaves.  The  leaves 
are  mostly  lobed  or  cut  with  from  five  to  twelve  lobes. 


and  art-  valuable  food  for  silk  worms.  The  bai-k  is 
!irayi-'<li-n'hitc,  braTiches  drooping,  and  the  beauty  of  this 
as  a  lawn  or  street  tree  is  quite  enough  to  commend  it ; 
but  in  addition  to  these  merits  it  vields  an  abundant 
supply  of  its  refreshing  berries.  I'he  Mennonites  use 
it  as  a  hedge  plant,  and  it  makes  a  iieauliful  hedge,  and 
stands  shearing  as  well  as  any  tree  on  the  list. 

A  corresponderd  from  Reno  county.  Kansas,  writes  as 
follows:  "Tlio  Russian  Mulberry  ^^i-ows  more  and  more 
in  favor  with  us  evei.s"  year  H'r  an-  mnr  lia\im,'  one  of 
our  severe  drouths,  and  many  ctitton-w  oods  are  lnir?iing 
out,  while  the  ?nulberry,  where  tstablif<bed  at  all.nevel 
dries  oiit.  Even  when  so  dry  that  the  foliage  droops  for 
days,  the  first  rain  freshens  them,  and  they  grow  again 
ri^lii  alouL.'.  Thev  are  very  prolilic  bearers,  and  while 
[  liH  tree  is  small  tlie  fruit  is  not  so  large  as  on  oldei' trees. 
The  Mennoidtes  plant  piec.s  ul  ground  very  thick, 
which  they  cut  off  close  to  the  ground  every  three  or 
four  years  lor  fuel. 

A  proniineiu  nurseryman  of  Iowa,  among  other 
things.  sa>s:  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  commences  hearing 
when  about  two  \  ears  ohl,  and  a  tremendous  bearer. 
Wh  do  iioi  hesitate  in  s;n-inu'  thai  we  bcli.-xc  this  is  going 
to  be  one  nf  Ihe  nir.st  valnable  limber  trees  for  llie  West 
tlial  there  is;  il  nuikes  au  e.xcellent  fence  post  that  lasts 
nearly  equal  to  red  cedar:  good  fire-wond;  in  fact  the 
timber  is  suitable  lor  almost  any  use  a  farmer  will  need 
timbf-r  for." 

Mr.  (;.  J.  Carpenter,  in  the  Qardener''s  Monthly  and 
Il-iriifiiihinxt,  writiLig  on  silk  culture  in  Nebraska^ 
among  other  tilings,  says :  "For  the  Northern  states  I 
place  at  the  head  the  Jins.%ian  Mulberry .  brought  to  this 
countrv  about  seven  years  ago  h.v  Russian  Mennonites. 

FiiiST.— Because  it  mperfectly  hardy,  and  will  thrive  in 
any  soil. 

iSECOXD. — Jl  is  a  rapid  {irower. 

Third.— It  produces  large  quantities  of  leaves,  which 
furnish  silk  of  the^?]f.?^  quality. 

Fourth.— It  produces  \Uf  best  frvil  of  a\)  the  mulber- 
ries and  the  arfait.si  qunniitii  of  it.  It  can  he  grown  to 
the  height  of  fort)/  ^-^and  from  three  to  five  leet  in 
diameter,  or  can  lie  sht-arcil  to  any  size  you  like." 

For  fruit  and  silk  the  trees  should  be  planted  si.xteen 
feet  apart  each  way.  If  you  have  never  seen  tlie  tree  in 
hearing,  imagine  'a  comjyacf,  symnn'ti^ical  tree,  of  deep 
{freen foliage,  lonibd  irith  friiif  rr.'^rmhling  the  blackberry^ 
some  ripe.'somi-  Inrning,  siniie  in  a  greener  state.  The 
time  for  ripening  is  in  .June  oi-  the  eaily  part  of  July. 
No  fruit  collection  can.  he  fi>n)/i/tlr  ivil/ioiit  soTne  of  these 
tree's.  The  fruit  can  be  dried,  preserved,  or  canned,  or 
be  eaten  fresh  from  the  tree.  Planted  now  and  until  the 
ground  is  frozen,  they  will  be  perfectly  hardy. 

PRICE    LIST. 

Rl'SSIAN  :>iri-nERUY,  l.y  mail.  i)iisl-i«irl  :— 
2  10  4  Inches  hiah,  40  lor  SI. 50:  100  for  S3  00. 
4  10  6  Inches  high.  25  lor  $1.25:  100  lor  54.00. 
6  10  12  Inches  high,  IS  lor  SI. 30:  100  lor  Se.OO. 
12  10  13  Inches  high,  12  tor  SI.SO;  100  lor  S7.50. 

SILK  WORM  EGGS,  post-p.aid  :- 

While  Japanese  and  French  Yellow,  SO  cents  per  1000, 
or  $5.00  per  ounce. 
A  complete  le\t-linnk  oil  silk  culture  for  2octs.    There 
is  no  discount  from  these  prices. 


Address.  FARM  AND  GARDEN,  420  Library  St.,  Philadelphia. 


6 


THE    FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


A   BOX   OF  UTACIXTnS. 


Oui^  Plowei^  Gai^den. 


Bulbs  for  Winter  Blooming. 
Our  readers  sliould  remeinber  that  this  is  the 
best  time  for  plaiitiiis;  Ilyaoinllis,  Tulips,  and 
oilier  hulhs  fr)r  lilooiiiini;  in  tlie  liouse.  Those 
wlio  liave  not  already  laid  in  a  supply  should  do 
so  at  once,  so  a-s  to  enaljle  tiiein  to  make  a  goiul 
many  roots,  tliereUy  inoreasiii<;  the  hloom  con- 
siderably. In  faet  no  llowers  eaii  be  expected 
unless  tfiey  are  properly  allended  to.  We  illus- 
trate herewitli  a  box  tilled  with  Tulips,  Hya- 
cinths, and  Narcissus.  A  box  fifteen  to  eighteen 
inches  long,  and  ten  inches  wide,  will  accommo- 
date the  number  of  plants  shown,  viz:  10  Tnlijis, 
6  Hyacinths,  and  7  Xarcissiis.  We  filled  a  box 
to-day,  and  this  is  the  way  we  arranged  it.  (The 
bo.x  is  about  eighteen  inches  sqnare,  and  six 
inches  deep.)  First,  a  row  of  assorted  Crocus 
all  around  the  edge;  next,  in  front  and  ])lanted 
close  to  tile  row  of  t'rneus,  we  put  a  ri>w  of 
firape  llyaeiiiths;  after  this  a  row  of  Feather 
Hyacinths  ;  then  two  rows  of  Tulips,  and  one  of 
Hyacinths;  last  of  all  we  set  a  row  of  Lily  of 
the  Valley — these  would  be  shailed  .^onicwliat  by 
the  Hyacinths,  and  this  is  just  exactly  what  they 
need.  Of  course  many  diflereiit  arrangements 
can  be  made,  and  in  faet  it  would  be  preferalde 
to  hare  two  boxes  each  only  nine  inches  wide. 
By  this  means  more  variety  may  be  made  in 
planting.  Now  set  this  box  ni  a  cool  closet,  one 
that  is  rather  dark,  and  keep  the  soil  in  the  box 
moist,  and  in  six  or  eight  weeks  they  may  all  be 
in  bloom.     Our 

r  Bed  of  HYACiNTn.«  and  Tclips 
Shows  what  can  be  done  with  a  limited  amount 
of  bulbs,  say  20  Tuli|>s  and  10  Hyacinths.  A 
much  more  effective  IkmI  can  be  made  by  using  a 
larger  quantity,  and  the  bloom  may  be  much 
prolonged.  A  very  fine  arrangement  wnnld  be 
to  plant  all  around  the  circle  first  a  row  of  Snow- 
drops, next  one  of  Crocus,  and  so  on,  following 
with  Grape  Hyacintlis,  Feather  Hyacinths,  and 
Tulips ;  two  rows  of  Hyacinths  and  Narcissus 
in  the  center,  or  else  some  roots  of  Crown  Impe- 
rial. Such  a  bed  will  require  a  good  many  Inilbs; 
the  exact  quantity  can  only  be  calculated  by  its 
diameter  or  the  distance  at  which  the  Inilbs  are 
planted.  The  8nowdroj)s  and  Crocus  may  he  set 
very  close  together,  say  one  inch  apart  only. 
The  Grape  and  Feather  Hyacinths  two  inches. 
Tulips  aljout  tlie  same,  and  a  little  more  space 
between  the  Hyacinths.  If  you  get  'yniir  bulbs 
in  assorted  colors,  you  sliould  use  some  judgment 
in  planting  them  so  as  to  have  the  colors  as  bar 
monious  as  jiossible.  For  instance,  do  not  mix 
all  the  colors  together,  and  when  the  flowers  aji- 
pear  have  a  jiatch  of  -lurple  here  and  one  of 
M-hite  there. 

Every  one's  ta-ste  runs  differently,  but  if  we  were 
to  arrange  such  a  bcil  we  would  take  three  bulbs 
of  yellow  Crocus  and  next  to  them  in  the  same 
row  plant  three  purple  ones,  to  be  followed  by 
three  blue  and  tnen  by  three  white.  This  will 
give  ytni  a  larger  mass  of  one  color,  and  will  be 
much  more  effective  than  if  every  color  is  planted 
by  single  bulbs.  The  same  .sho'iihl  not  be  ilcnie 
with  Hyacinths,  however,  the  flower  stalks  being 


so  much  larger  that  each  one  is  distinct  enough 
by  it.self  Still,  if  a  large  bed  is  to  be  filled,  we 
would  certainly  sug'.'cst  that  each  row  should  be 
of  one  C(dor,  jiutting  one  row  of  light  colors  be- 
tween two  of  red  or  dark  blue.  After  planting, 
give  the  whole  bed  a  covering  of  leaves,  .straw, 
or  branches  of  evergreens,  which  should  be  re- 
moved in  the  early  spring.  We  strongly  recom- 
mend every  one  liavingthe  smallest  patch  of 
ground  to  'plant  it  full  of  Dutch  bulbs,  as  de- 
scribed above,  and  we  feel  confident  that  when 
they  are  in  bloom  next  spring,  they  will  thank 
us  for  the  advice. 

Lilacs. 
Every  one  knows  how  very  agreeable  it  is  to 
have  a  spray  of  lilacs  on  Christmas  or  New  Years, 
and  vet  they  can  be  had  with  very  little  trouble. 
We  have  described  the  treatment  at  length  in 
one  of  our  former  numliers  (Vol.  II.,  No.  I.i,  but 
suffice  it  to  sav  that  you  should  lift  some  plants 
that  show  buds,  witliout  even  leaving  any  earth 


Paying  Palms. 
For  amateurs  and  beginners  in  the  floral  busi- 
ness, there  is  money  in  raising  young  palms. 
About  the  best  paying  one,  is  Areca  Lutescens. 
Nice  young  plants  can  be  bought  at  $1..50  per 
dozen,  and  in  less  than  one  year  they  can  be 
grown  to  a  size  that  will  eom'mand  $2.00  each, 
while  a  five  year-old  plant,  if  well-grown,  will 
fetch  from  fifteen  to  twenty-five  dollars.  Seafor- 
tliia  Elegans  is  another  quick  growing  kind,  but 
does  not  command  such  good  prices.  Another 
good  paying  jilant  is  Pandanus  Veitchi.  Many 
florists  will  not  sell  their  young  plants  at  all,  pre- 
fering  to  grow  them  for  a  couple  of  years  and  get 
ten  or  twelve  dollars  for  them.  Of  course  it  de- 
pends a  great  deal  on  the  grower.  One  man  will 
have  luck  while  another  one  will  fail. 
Winter  Bi.oo.ming  Plants. 
Any  one  having  the  convenience  of  a  green- 
house, bay-window,  or  sitting  room  with"  large 
windows,  and  preferably  a  southern  exposure, 
should  make  a  memorandum  of  the  following 
plants,  which  are  all  desirable  for  winter- 
blooming.  BODVARDIAS. 

They  are  among  the  most  e.ifeeined  of  winter 
blooming  plants,  and  although  they  are  not  sweet 
scented,  they  are  desirable  for  their  profusion  of 
flowers.  They  require  more  heat  than  Gerani- 
ums, Heliotropes,  etc.  The  color  varies  from 
white  to  the  dee])est  red.  New  double  Bouvar- 
dias,  Alfred  Neuner,  and  President  Garfield,  are 
desirable  acquisitions. 

Begonias. 

Really,  the  best   for  our  purpose   is   Begonia 

Rubra,  which  has  large,  dark  green  leaves,  and 

flowers  of  a  beautiful  coral  hue,  produced  in  the 

greatest  quantity.     The  Rex  variety  are  necessary 

to   embellish   any  conservatory.     Their  various 

colors  and  markings,  and  the  metallic  lustre  of 

the  leaves  make  them  very  eft'ective.     The  foliage 

should  not  be  washed  or  watered. 

Cyclamen. 

When   good   strong   bulbs    can    be    procured, 

Cyclamen  are  indeed  a  prize  for  window  culture, 

and  will   give  more   flowers,  with  less  trouble, 

than  many  other  plants  occupying  much  more 

space.     The  color  is  usually  Avbite,  tipped  at  the 

biuse  with  rosy  purple.     Keep  the  plant  cool  until 

the  leaves  are  well  grown,  jilace  pretty  close  to 

the  gla.ss,  and  see  that  the  leaves  are  kept  free 

from  thrip  or  mealy  bug.     The  flowers  are  very 

odd  and  attractive  to  any  one  who  has  not  seen 

them.    After  flowering,  gradually  withhold  water, 

but,  yet  give  sufficient  to  keep  the  roots  plump. 

Chrysanthemums. 

There  are  few   plants    that    from  now   until 

Christmas  will  attract  more  attention  than  Chry- 


A   BED  OP  HTACTNTHS  AND  TULIPS. 


to  the  roots,  and  pack  them  closely  together, 
standing  them  in  a  place  where  the  temperature 
can  be  kept  between  50  and  HO  degrees.  There 
they  should  be  syringed  all  over  twice  a  day,  and 
the  place  kejit  quite  moist.  If  purple  lilacs  are 
used,  they  may  be  bleached  by  keeping  the 
place  quite  darli.  This  is  all  there  is  to  be  done. 
Chinese  Paeonies. 
They  are  very  valuable  on  account  of  their  large 
flowers,  beautiful  coloring,  and  delightful  frag- 
rance; and  so  entirely  hardy  and  vigorous  that 
every  one  should  jdant  them.  They  never  sufl'cr 
from  the  cold,  and  will  succeed  in  any  soil  unless 
too  wet.  Autumn  ]danting  is  the  best,  although 
tliey  may  also  l>e  )ilanted  in  the  sjn-ing.  A  little 
extra  care  in  the  way  of  manure  will  induce  a 
vigorous  and  rapid  growth.  For  large  floral  de- 
corations, few  of  imr  flowers  can  surpass  the 
Paeonies.  They  seem  designed  for  a  grand  dis- 
play without  anything  cbeaji  and  gaudy  in  their 
•  aiipearanee. 


santhemums.  This  season  they  have  been  grown 
in  quantities  by  the  trade,  and  no  doubt  many 
new  varieties  will  he  brought  forward.  The  only 
drawback  is  their  liability  of  being  attacked  by 
green  fly,  (which  in  the  case  of  Chrysanthemums 
we  might  call  black  fly).  There  are  several  vari- 
eties, all  of  which  are  desirable.  We  have  spoken 
so  often  about  them,  that  no  doubt  any  one  who 
has  a  garden  has  not  failed  to  plant  si>me,  which 
they  are  ready  to  lift  and  bring  in  the  house  to 
gladden  the  occupants. 

Scilla  Autumnalis.  (Autumn  Sg"!ls.) 
Received  from  Holland  September  15th,  were 
planted  on  the  same  day,  and  were  in  bloom  ten 
days  afterwards.  The  flowers  are  small,  on  long 
slender  stems,  and  last  for  quite  a  long  while ; 
several  flower  si>ikes  being  produced  from  one 
bulb.  IPOMEA  NOCTYPHY'TON. 

As  most  of  our  readers  know,  these   flowers 
open  at  night,  and  on  warm  days  close  at  about 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


midnight;  but  this  fall  we  discovered  that  in 
cool  weather  they  will  keep  open  until  nearly 
10  o'clock  ill  the  morning.  This  makes  this 
plant  still  more  valuable.  It  is  said  that  a  tem- 
perature of  60°  is  required  to  keep  it  f;ro\ving 
during  winter,  but  witli  us  it  has  already  witli- 
«tood  a  temjierature  of  40°,  without  auy  injury 
■whatever. 

Hyacinths  in  Water. 

See  that  the  water  in  your  Hyacinth  glasses  is 
tip  to  the  right  height ;  and  renew  it  if  it  should 
«mell  offensive. 

Hyacinths  and  Tulips  in  pots  shoukl  be  brouglit 
in  the  liouse  towards  tlie  end  of  this  mouth. 
Keep  on  planting  tliem  at  intervals  so  as  to  pro- 
long the  season  of  bloom. 

Caladiums 
Should  now  be  dried   off,  shaken   out  of  their 
pots,  and   kept  iu   sand  or  sawdust  in  a  warm 
place. 

Amaryllis. 

We  believe  they  will  bloom  better  if  not  com- 
pletely dried  off  during  winter.  By  placing 
them  in  a  cellar  where  frost  will  not  touch  them, 
and  giving  them  water  just  once  a  week,  the  roots 
will  keep  fresh  and  plump,  aud  strong  flower 
«pikes  assured. 

Cactus 
Should  at  this  season  of  the  year  be  gradually 
dried  off.  Just  give  them  water  once  a  week 
until  January,  and  then  stop  altogether.  Place 
"them  in  the  sunniest  place  at  hand,  so  that  the 
wood  may  be  well  ripened;  this  is  essential  to 
insure  flowering. 

Young  plants  of  Night-booming  Cereus  may  be 
kept  growing  as  long  as  they  waut;  so  long  as 
they  do,  give  them  water  regularly. 

Geraniums 
That  have   stood   outside,  and   have  been   kept 
dry,  may  be  brought  in,  ami  if  tlie  to]>  soil  be 
scraped   off,  and  some  cow    manure  put  in    the 
place  of  it,  they  will  bloom  finely  all  winter. 

Spikeala  Japonica.  (Astilba  Jap.) 

Is  a  splendid  plant  for  forcing  in  the  green- 
house, where  it  will  produce  beautiful  sprays  of 
silvery  white  flowers  during  February  and  March. 
It  is  perfectly  hardy,  and  while  it  would  be  de- 
sirable to  leave  some  plants  in  the  beds  to  bloom 
in  summer,  we  would  also  recommend  the  lifting 
of  some  for  winter  blooming. 

Poly'antha  Roses. 

The  Polyantha  Knse  came  originally  from 
Japan,  but  some  exquisite  new  varieties  are  in- 
troduced from  Euro|ie.  They  are  exceedingly 
beautiful,  deliciously  sweet,  and  among  the  most 
constant  and  profuse  bloomers  we  have.  The 
plants  are  of  low,  compact  growth,  and  quite 
hardy.  Our  illustration  can  give  but  a  f;iint  idea 
of  their  charming  beauty,  we  cordially  recom- 
mend them  to  ail  lovers  of  rare  and  beautiful 
roses,  and  besides  they  are  capital  winter 
bloomers. 

Euphorbia  Splendens. 

A  plant  that  always  attracts  attention  by  reason 
of  its  peculiar  growth.  The  branches  are  of  a 
light  gray  color  and  j>rofusely  covered  with  sharp 
spines,  half  an  inch  lon^'.  The  leaves,  although 
not  very  numerous,  are  of  a  pleasing  green,  which 
contrasts  beautifully  with  the  clusters  of  vermil- 
ion colored  flowers.  It  blooms  abundantly ; 
commencing  now,  aud  lasting  until  next  May. 
Some  people  train  it  on  a  vine  in  the  form  of  a 
crown,  and  call  it  "Crown  of  Thorns."  Trained 
in  balloon  form,  it  makes  a  nice  ornament. 
Although  some  may  find  it  objectionable  on 
account  of  the  spines,  they  re.ally  are  an  attnic- 
tive  feature.  In  the  spring,  cuttings  strike  root 
readily  if  allowed  to  dry  for  a  week  or  so,  other- 
wise they  are  apt  to  rot. 

Primroses. 

To  keep  a  sitting  room  cheerful,  nothing  is 
required  but  a  few  plants  of  single  and  double 
primroses.  If  kept  near  the  glass,  where  it  is 
generally  somewhat  cool,  they  will  keep  on 
blooming  for  a  long  while.  It  is  too  late  now  to 
raise  them,  but  your  nearest  florist  will  no  doubt 
have  nice  young  plants  coming  in  bloom,  which 
will  just  answer  your  purpose.  Be  careful  not  to 
over  water  them,  or  they  will  surely  rot  at  the 
neck. 

Heliotrope. 

Is  always  necessary  to  make  up  a  perfect  bunch 
•of  flowers.  In  perfume  nothing  equals  it ;  and 
the  ease  with  which  one  can  grow  it,  should  be 
an  encouragement  to  lovers  of  flowers.  A  good 
rich  soil,  plenty  of  sun  and  not  too  warm  a  place 
is  desirable.  In  the  house  it  is  often  affected 
with  green  fly,  from  which  it  should  be  kept  free 
by  dipping  in,  or  syringing  the  plant  with  tobacco 
water,  or  diiuigating  it. 


Poinsettia  Tulcherrima. 

A  fine  lot  of  these  when  in  bloom  are  a  grand 
sight.  We  cannot  recummend  them  to  any  ex- 
cept those  who  have  a  right  warm  jdace  to  grow 
them  in  ;  although  when  in  bloom  a  somewhat 
lower  temperature  will  keep  them  in  bloom  lon- 
ger. The  flowers  are  really  bracts,  or  a  series  of 
leaves  arranged  in  a  cluster  at  the  end  of  the  up- 
right branches.  The  color  is  of  the  most  dazzling 
scarlet,  and  wlien  well-grown  will  measure 
eighteen  inches  across.  A  white  variety  is  very 
handsome  to  contrast  with  the  red.  The  double 
Poinsettia  is  gorgeous  in  the  extreme,  ami  will 
last  a  long  time  in  bloom.  In  conservatories 
they  can  be  used  to  great  advantage  by  placing 
among  plants  of  smaller  growth. 

EpiphY'LLUMS  [Crab  Cnctus). 

A  very  interesting  plant,  indeed,  and  one 
which  requires  very  little  attention  when  not  in 
bloom.  The  flowers,  which  are  now  about  to 
expand,  are  of  a  very  peculiar  shape,  looking 
like  some  kind  of  a  crimson  bird,  and  of  very 
brilliant  color.  They  are  called  Crab  Cactus 
because  each  section  of  a  branch  has  very  much 
the  appearance  of  the  claws  of  a  crab. 


Mahernia   Odokata. 

\.  very  sweet  scented,  slender  growing  plant, 
that  will  perfume  a  whole  rorun.  The  flowers, 
as  shown  in  our  illustration,  are  bell  shaped,  and 
this,  with  its  delicious  fragrance,  have  given  it 
the  name  of  Honey  Bell,  which  it  rightlv  de- 
serves. It  is  a  genus  of  South  .\frican  plants, 
thriving  best  in  a  warm,  sunny  house,  and  tjloom- 
ing  profu.sely  during  winter.  Watering  must 
never  be  neglected,  neither  must  good  drainage. 
In  mild  localities  they  are  hardy,  and  are  easily 
grown  in  good  turfy  loam,  with  a  little  manure 
and  sand. 


THE  HORTICITLTUBAL  SOCIETY'S  SECOND  EX- 
HIBITION. 

The  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  will 
give  its  second  annual  Chrysanthemum  show  in 
Horticultural  Hall,  in  the  first  week  of  Novem- 
ber. Last  year's  show,  which  was  given  experi- 
mentally, proved  such  a  success  that  it  was  deter- 
mined to  make  it  an  annual  aS'air.  It  will  be 
o|ien  to  dealers,  growers,  and  amateurs.  A  large 
and  fine  collection  of  the  popular  plant  is  a-ssured, 
and  among  the  outside  contributors  is  the  largest 


grower  in  New  York  city.  In  proof  of  the 
growing  popularity  of  the  Chrysanthemum  it  is 
a  fact  that  there  are  at  present  in  London  four- 
teen societies  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  that 
flower.     - 


from  ^"Chicago  Inter-Ocean," 

THE  MYSTERY  OP  PLO'WERS. 

Curious  Studies  in  the  World  of  Vegetable 
Beautv. 

The  name  of  the  Peony  is  derived  from  Peon,  a  cele- 
brated Greek  physician,  who  taught  tlie  Greeks  that 
this  preily  flowei-  was  of  divine  origin,  emanating  from 
tiie  light  of  the  moon,  and  a  valuable  cure,  therefore, 
lor  epilepsy,  which  was  supposed  to  be  a  moon-struck 
malady.  The  Peony  was  thought  to  have  power  over 
the  winds,  to  protect  the  harvest  from  storms,  and  to 
avert  tempests. 

The  floral  kingdom  furnishes  plants  which  flower  un- 
failingly on  certain  days,  and  superstition  has  seized  on 
this  fact  and  associated  some  with  the  qualities  of  great 
persons  who  happen  to  be  born  on  the  day  tbey  plant 
flowers.  The  Cyelamon  opens  iu  .Southern  Europe  OQ 
St.  Romold's  Day,  and  is  dedicated  to  this  romantic  re- 
cluse, who  abandoned  a  noble  career  for  a  monastery 
because  he  witnessed  his  father  kill  a  kinsman  in  a 
duel.  The  Rose  Bay  Willow  Herb  the  French  called  St. 
.\nthony's  Fire,  because  of  its  brilliant  red  hue,  and  its 
having  appeared  first  in  the  eleventh  century,  when  the 
plague  of  erysipelas  wa.s  raging,  and  accord  to  it  the 
powers  of  intercession  with  disease,  which  its  patron. 
St.  Anthony,  was  believed  to  possess. 

The  early  Christians,  attracted  to  some  flowers  by 
their  peculiar  beauty,  gathered  a  number  of  these  into  a 
herbarium,  and  dedicated  them  to  the  Virgin  Mary. 
.Among  those  are  the  Snowdrop,  the  Lily  of  the  Valley, 
White  DalTodil,  White  Rose.  While  Hyacinth,  and  White 
Cliinatis.  Lady's  Finger,  Ladys  Slipper,  Lady's  Glove. 
Marigold,  Lady's  Mantle,  etc..  lo  all  of  which  supersti- 
tniii  attached  qualities  of  purity  and  goodness,  and  con- 
ferred these  upon  the  wearer  of  any  of  these  symbolical 
flowers.  The  common  Hollyhock  is  a  corruption  of  holy 
oak,  and  is  reverenced  iu  parts  of  rural  England,  where 
traditions  percolate  through  centuries,  because  Cru- 
saders brought  it  from  the  Holy  Land.  The  modest, 
shrinking  Blue  Bell  is,  despite  these  most  opposite  quali- 
ties, a  plant  of  war  in  the  superstitious  belief  of  the 
same  people.  It  is  dedicated  to  St,  Cieorge,  their  patron 
sanit.  By  the-Freueh  the  white  variety  of  this  plant  is, 
in  curious  contrast,  associated  with  the  peaceful  charac- 
ter of  a  nun,  and  is  called  In  rt'ligieuse  des  champs. 

The  familiar  "  Balm  of  Gilead"  is  the  name  of  a  plant 
who've  nearest  summer  relation  is  our  Acacia.  In  the 
earliest  ages  it  was  celebrated  by  Pliny.  Strabo,  Tacitus, 
and  Justin,  not  alone  for  its  medicinal  qualities,  but  the 
lofty  spirit  and  dignity  it.s  meaning  was  supposed  to  in- 
crease. The  Queen  of  Sheba  brought  it  to  King  Solo- 
mon, and  Cleopatra  planted  one  species  of  it  near  Mat- 
lara,  which  ripened  into  a  slirul)  celebrated  by  travelers 
for  ages  afterwards.  The  Ea-stern  Christians  believed 
the  plant  would  grow  only  under  the  care  of  a  Christian 
gardener,  and  that  were  the  bark  incised  by  any  Instru- 
ment of  metal,  the  flow  of  balsam  would  be  corrupt. 
LTiider  their  fostering  care  the  plant  grew  as  large  as  a 
fir  tree,  and  such  was  the  respect  that  it  exerted  that 
when  Christianity  spread  into  European  courts,  the 
Balm  of  Gilead  came  to  be  mingled  in  the  oil  used  at  the 
coronation  of  monarchs.  The  Coptic  Christians  had  a 
tradilion  that  when  the  Holy  Family  were  leaving 
Egypt  to  return  to  Judea,  they  stopped  to  lest  at  Mat- 
rara  and  went  from  house  to  house  begging  a  cup  of 
water,  and  were  everywhere  refused.  Faint  with  thirst 
and  sorrow  the  Virgin  Mary  sat  down  under  a  Balm  of 
Gilead  tree,  and  immediately  a  fountain  sprang  up  be- 
side her,  and  the  tree  rustled  its  leaves  and  fanned  a 
gentle  breeze  as  the  Mother  and  Child  drank  ot  the 
water  and  rested.  , 


4-  ALL  GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  "i- 


PLANTS  BULBS  &  SEEDS 


Illustrated  Catalogue  Ma  lied  Free. 


Address,  ROBERT   J.    HALLIDAY, 
ScedsmaD   and   Florist,   Baltiiiiofe   City,   MA, 


BULBOUS  ROOTS. 

Our   New   Al'TI   .>IN   <ata- 

loeiieof  IHITt'II  BULBS. 
PLANTS,  and  Small   Fi-iiit»!i. 

bf^aiitifully  illustrated,  is  now- 
read  j- and  will  be  niaileil  to  all  :i|i- 
filica'nts.  It  contains  a  conipldc 
ist.  and  represents  a  lart^e.  well 
prown,  and  selected  stock.  Our 
Flower  Seed  List  will  be  found 
replete  with  tbe  best  strains  r)r 
Primula,  Calceolaria,  Pansy  Snii- 
lax,  Apple  Geraniums,  and  otber 
Floriii^t'H  Seeds  of  new  crop. 
HENRY  A.  DKEER, 

Seedsman  ari'i  riori>t. 

714  Cbestnnt  Street,  Philadelpnia.  I'enna. 


lAfll    rt     d    ^VlfPDC  "For    Cultivation 

Ferns,  Alpine,  &c-.    SEND  P^OR  CATALOGUE. 

EDWARD  GILLETTE,   Kouthwick,  Mobs. 


HARDY  PLANTS  AND  BULBS. 


All  the  Kew  as  well  as  the  llld  s.irl- 
Catalogue,  which  is  furwai 


will  be  loiiii.l  ui  our 
Jed  FRKE. 


•wooXiSon^  &  CO., 

Lock- Drawer  E.  PASSAIC,  N.  J. 


The  FLORAL  WORLD 

A  soperh  illustrated  •ttl.OO  nionthlv  free    1  year  to 

all  that  enclose  this  nd.  to  us  now  with  24c,  for  postage. 

FI,ORATj  won  l>l).  Ilislilaiid  Parii.  III. 


_H  ORNAMENTAL  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGITE  :»I\II-EI)  <»N  AIM'MCATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Rldge  and  Lehigh  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


8 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


llIYB  STOGI^. 


CBEAMEBY  BUTTBB. 

At  present  creamery  butter  brings  the  highest 
prices,  and  the  reason  is  tliat  it  is  more  uniform 
in  quality.  The  appliances  of  the  creameries 
give  advantages  not  possessed  by  the  farmers, 
but  the  secret  of  success  is  in  the  fact  that  expe- 
rienced operators  manage  butter  making  at  the 
creameries,  and  the  churning  is  done  at  the  right 
time  and  under  the  most  favorable  conditions. 
That  better  butter  can  be  made  at  the  creameries 
than  by  private  parties  is  not  true.  There  are 
some  dairymen  who  make  what  is  styled  ''gilt- 
edged  "  butter,  wliich  sells  at  a  very  higii  figure, 
because  the  supply  is  entirely  inadequate  to  the 
demand.  Nor  does  sucli  butter  come  from  Jer- 
sey cows  only,  as  many  suppose,  but  from  all 
classes  ot  cattle.  The  preparation  of  tlie  milk, 
the  proper  temperature,  the  method  of  cliurning, 
and  the  management  of  the  stock,  all  contribute 
to  the  excellence  of  tiie  jiroduct,  but  those  who 
manufacture  the  butter,  like  others  who  follow  a 
trade,  understand  tliomuglily  every  detail,  and  if 
every  farmer  was  as  familiar  with  butter  making 
as  are  tlie  "gilt-edge"  producers,  the  creameries 
could  no  longer  enjoy  the  monopoly  of  the  mar- 
ket. But  there  are  so  many  farmers  who  send 
any  kind  of  an  article  to  market  which  sells  for 
butter,  that  tliey  must  not  only  be  pushed  aside 
by  the  creamerv  (jroduct,  but  must  enter  into 
competition  with  oleomargarine  and  lard. 

The  creameries  really  have  great  ditficulty  get- 
ting good  milk,  and  are  often  imposed  upon  by 
unprincipled  parties,  but  the  management  is  so 
complete  and  systematical  that  they  are  enabled 
always  to  turn  out  a  salable  article.  In  cheese, 
however,  the  creameries  do  not  excel.  Since 
they  have  become  numerous  the  country  has 
been  well  supplied  with  the  skim  milk  and  lard 
product,  wliich  will  at  some  future  time  injure 
the  trade,  if  it  has  not  already  done  so.  Tliere  is 
still  a  wide  field  for  the  manuiaeture  of  whole- 
milk  cheese,  and  the  farmers  who  understand 
that  art  may  improve  the  advantage. 

Wliat  our  dairymen  need  at  jiresent  is  good  tu- 
ition in  the  art  of  butter  and  cheese  making, 
and  when  a  more  perfect  knowledge  is  obtained 
of  such  art  there  will  be  no  danger  of  injury 
from  either  creameries,  oleomargarine,  or  lard 
cheese. 

STOCK  NOTES. 

Hakd-Milk(XG  Cows. — It  is  often  noticeable 
that  some  cows  in  a  herd  milk  hard  while  otiiers 
can  be  milked  easily.  By  washing  the  teats  and 
udder  with  warm  water  liefore  milking  the  work 
can  be  done  with  less  difficulty. 

Feeding  Hay. — If  horses  are  given  grain  three 
times  a  day,  there  will  be  no  necessity  for  feeding 
hay  except  at  night,  as  the  horse,  like  man,  is 
inactive  when  the  stomach  is  distended.  For  a 
horse  tliat  is  to  be  worked  hard  i:ive  jdenty  of 
grain,  wliich  is  indispensible,  making  the  allow- 
ance of  hay  at  night  full  and  large. 

Dry  Earth  in  the  Stables. — There  is  noth- 
ing superior  to  clean  dry  earth  for  the  floors  of 
stables,  especially  if  removed  every  evening.  It 
is  an  excellent  disinfectant,  destroys  all  odors, 
and  is  the  best  absorbent  known.  At  the  jiresent 
time,  before  winter  sets  in,  a  plentiful  supply 
should  be  placed  under  cover  for  future  use. 

Setting  Milk.— In  setting  milk  for  cream  it  I  COUNTRY  PRODUCEi 

should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  jnins  should  not  ' 
be  covered,  but  remain  tipen,  in  order  that  the 
air  may  have  free  access.  .\ny  particles  of  milk 
remaining  in  the  pans  frnm  jirevious  setting, 
afiect  the  new  milk,  and  it  is  best  to  not  only 
scald  the  pans  well,  but  to  allow  them  to  air  out 
of  doors  also. 


Feed  for  Horses  with  Heaves. — The  cured 
blades  of  corn  fodder  or  the  tops,  when  passed 
through  a  cutter,  make  the  best  food.  Hay 
should  be  well  shaken  before  used,  or  what  is 
better,  it  should  be  thoroughly  moistened.  A 
horse  with  the  heaves  is  not  easily  cured,  but 
the  difficulty  may  be  lessened  by  avoiding  the 
use  of  dusty  provender  in  any  form. 

The  Texas  Fe%'ER.— This  disease  always  orig- 
inates in  a  warm  climate,  and  is  contagious  only 
when  the  native  cattle  come  in  proximity  to  the 
long-horned  stock  from  Texas.  It  is  more  fatal 
with  our  native  stock  than  with  Texas  cattle,  and 
is  best  prevented  by  disinfection.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  use  of  Cathartics,  but  little  can  be 
done  otherwise  in  the  shape  of  medicines. 

Merinos  for  Crossing.— .llthough  the  mer- 
ino is  better  adapted  for  wool  than  mutton,  yet, 
the  breed  being  small,  they  make  good  crosses  on 
the  common  stock,  the  small  breed  being  active 
and  good  foragers.  The  Merino  is  hardy,  can 
subsist  on  scanty  pastures,  and  usually  make 
successful  mothers.  The  wool  is  also  very  uni- 
form, and  commands  a  ready  sale  at  all  times. 

Care  of  the  Calves. — The  easiest  and  best 
mode  of  keeping  the  calves  in  winter  is  to  de- 
prive every  alternate  cow  of  her  calf  and  compel 
the  other  cow  to  suckle  the  two.  By  fastening 
the  cow  in  the  stanchions  she  will  not  be  so 
ready  to  kick  the  strange  calf.  If  she  does,  tie 
her  hind  feet  for  a  few  days  when  the  calves  are 
turned  in,  and  after  a  time  she  will  become  ac- 
customed to  them. 

Getting  the  Hogs  Fat.— Corn  is  the  best 
food  for  finishing  the  hogs,  but  it  gives  the  best 
results  when  fed  in  connection  with  ground  oats. 
Nearly  all  farmers  Keep  the  hogs  intended  for 
slaughter  exclusively  on  corn  for  five  or  six 
weeks  before  killing,  but  if  they  will  feeil.  one 
meal  a  day  on  some  other  kind  of  food  for  a 
change,  the  hogs  will  increase  faster  than  when 
allowed  nothing  else  but  corn. 

Salt  the  Stock. — Salt  is  necessary  for  animals 
for  several  reasons.  Horses  fed  on  young  clover 
find  it  a  corrective,  and  it  a.ssists  in  reducing  and 
digesting  coarser  food.  It  also  renders  the  food 
more  palaleable,  and  thereliy  induces  the  stock 
to  eat  heartily.  The  difficulty  in  allowing  salt  is 
that  too  muoli  or  too  little,  without  regularity,  is 
given.  To  avoid  mistakes  a  small  quantity  slu)uld 
be  sprinkled  in  the  cut  feed  or  ground'graiu  at 
every  meal. 

Pecitliarities  of  Form.— Though  every  one 
may  not  be  familiar  with  all  the  minor  details 
that  enable  an  expert  to  judge  stock,  yet,  there  is 
a  peculiarity  with  which  the  majority  of  farmers 
are  familiar,  whieli  greatly  assists  them  in  form- 
ing an  estimate  of  tlie  merits  and  value  of  some 
breeds.  The  old  maxim  that  "  a  box  (.ne-third 
as  wide  as  it  is  long  sliould  exactly  fit  a  short-horn 
cow  or  a  Berkshire  hog,"  may  not  be  true,  but  it 
gives  a  good  idea  of  the  shape ;  and  that  "  a  hog 
with  a  dished  face  is  good  in  all  other  character- 
istics," is  full  of  force.  Peculiarities  of  form  are 
striking  in  effect,  and  are  always  remembered. 


Milk  Fever. — This  disease  seems  almost  an 
epidemic  among  the  "  fancy  "  cows  at  present 
and  it  is  not  creditable  to  the  breeders,  as  it  indi- 
cates that  such  animals  are  forced  beyond  their 
capacity.  It  is  of  no  value  to  an  owner  to  secure 
a  large  record  for  his  cow  with  the  chances  of 
losing  her  from  the  effort.  The  system  certainly 
does  not  improve  the  breed,  and"  does  much  to 
prejudice  the  average  farmer  against  the  pure 
breeds,  as  milk  fever  is  rare  among  the  common 
herds. 

FAhXY  Prices. — It  is  no  advantage  to  a  breed 
that  sales  are  made  at  exorbitant  prices.  True 
merit  alone  should  be  the  guide,  and  any  depart- 
ure from  such  rule  is  sure  to  end  in  disappoint- 
ment, as  well  as  injuring  the  sales  of  stock  in  the 
future.  Reactions  in  prices  for  stock,  like  that 
of  other  transactions,  are  sure  to  occur,  until 
finally  a  level  will  be  found  where  values  will 
rest,  and  the  sooner  this  takes  place  the  better 
for  our  dairy  interests.  Our  breeds  are  for  useful 
purposes  and  not  for  amusement. 

The  Late  Colts.— As  but  little  service  will 
be  required  of  the  brood  mares,  they  should 
never  be  separated  from  the  colts.  The  common 
practice  of  feeding  such  mares  on  limited  rations 
because  they  perform  no  work  is  wrong.  During 
the  winter  season  the  late  colts  are  very  easily 
retarded  in  growth,  and  in  order  to  keep  them  in 
a  thrifty  condition  the  dams  inust  l)e  fed  liber- 
ally. Give  the  mares  all  the  hay  they  will  eat, 
with  a  good  feed  morning  and  night,  of  two 
parts  ground  oats  and  one  part  corn  meal,  with  a 
little  linseed  meal. 

Mutton  and  Wool. — We  attach  too  much 
importance  to  wool,  not  that  wool  is  unjirofitable, 
but  because  the  production  of  mutton  is  made  a 
secondary  matter.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  in 
some  locations  it  is  easier  to  raise  sheej)  for  wool 
rather  tlian  for  mutton,  owing  to  the  facil  ity  with 
which  it  can  be  transported  to  market,  not  being 
)ierish.able.  But  it  is  doubtful  if  wool  is  more 
]>rofitable  than  mutton  in  those  sections  of  the 
country  that  are  but  a  few  days  travel  by  rail  to 
market.  To  raise  sheep  tliat  weigh  about  seven- 
ty-five pounds,  is  not  jjrofitalde,  unless  early 
lambs  are  secured.  How  easily  a  flock  of  sheep 
may  be  made  to  pay  a  profit  may  be  illustrated 
by  stating  that  among  the  Oxfonl  Downs,  are 
found  individual  rams  that  weigh  250  pounds  at 
one  year  old.  While  such  weight  is,  of  course, 
exceptional,  yet  it  indicates  the  great  size  of  a 
pure  breed  as  compared  with  the  best  menihers  of 
a  common  flock.  Not  only  the  Oxfords,  but  the 
Shropshires,  Cotswolds,  Lincolns,  Hamshires, 
and  Leicesters,  all  attain  heavy  weights,  and 
greatly  improve  a  common  flock  in  weight  and 
quality  of  flesh.  The  clip  of  wool  is  also  heavier, 
and  as  a  single  male  will  improve  all  the  sheep 
of  a  wiiole  neighborhood,  there  is  no  reason  why 
mutton  should  not  be  more  profitable  than  wool. 


JlllSFV  RED,  I'0I,A\D.<H1N*, 
lh<.>tpr  Uhll*.  Rerk.hlrp  ik  York. 
.Iiirp  IMs^.  S»uChili>Hn,  4  iit.wotd 
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IV.  (TIFB  BrRTKB  t  CO.FhlU.P> 


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Feed  for  Sheep. — It  does  not  require  much 
grain  for  sheep,  A  mixture  of  cut  straw,  hay, 
and  corn  tops,  with  oats  at  night,  will  keep  the 
sheep  in  good  condition  through  the  winter. 
Picking  around  a  straw  stack  will  not  do  for 
sheep.  The  ewes  need  grain,  and  unless  pro- 
vided with  it  will  be  unable  to  jirodiice  strong 
and  healthy  lambs, 

aThe,  Family-  Hor.se, — .Attention  should  al- 
ways be  given  the  colt,  while  breaking  it,  that 
its  disposition  may  not  be  injured.  A  horse  may 
be  balky,  lazy,  fast,  or  full  of  spirits,  but  such 
obstacles  are  insignificant  compared  with  vicious- 
ness,  .\  horse  tiiat  cannot  safely  be  used  by  any 
member  of  the  family  should  not  be  tolerated  on 
a  farm,  as  his  usefulness  will  be  restricted.  Yet, 
many  such  faults  as  biting,  kicking,  ana  stub- 
borness,  are  the  fruits  of  iniprojier  training  and 
neglect  in  the  early  days  of  the  animal.  .\  vicious 
horse  is  also  of  less  value  when  offered  for  sale, 
as  his  faults  cannot  be  hidden. 


nients  solicited  ami  iiroiiipl  returns  made.    Rel'er, 
by  permission,  to  the  puhlisliers  of  this  paper. 
8EEO.S  Jt  FER(iI'.>>ON,  ColumiNsian  Alerchants, 

Tweltth  Street  Market,  Philadelphia, 

Chester  White,  Berk-  p  T  r<  C 
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CATTLE 

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FOR  SICK  HOGS  AND  POULTRY 

.-^elui  ',i5  Cts.  to  A.  i>l,  IjANG.  Ci'Veiiaif,  Kentucky, 
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to  prevent  diseiises,  to  have  hens  lay  eags  in  winter,  Ac. 

Chester  "White.  York- 
shire, Berkshire,  and 
Poland-China  in  their 
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shire   Do'wn,   Sonth 

Dotim  Sheep  and  Scotch  Collie  Shepherds 
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T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa 

CyCt<me  anil  see  our  Block  and  select  for  yoursclvefl. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


9 


©HE    ©OLtLTI^Y   yAI^D. 

(EMBODYIXG  RESri,T.S  OF  ACTl'AL  EXPERIENCE.) 

PROVIDING  A  SUPPLY  OF  GREEN  FOOD. 

One  of  the  greatest  difficulties  in  the  way  of 
keeping  fowls  in  winter  is  that  of  procuring  a 
plentiful  supply  of  green  food.  As  November  is 
a  month  during  whicli  many  of  the  crops  are  put 
up  for  winter,  it  is  an  excellent  time  for  making 
provision  for  the  poultry  also.  One  of  tlie  best 
vegetables  to  use  is  cabbage,  but  in  order  to  reacli 
it  conveniently  for  use,  .some  better  method  than 
burying  the  heads  under  ground  must  be  adopted, 
and  this  may  be  done  by  placing  them  close  to- 
gether, witli  the  roots  under  ground  and  the 
cabbage  covered  with  straw  and  corn-stalks, 
■which  may  be  removed  whenever  a  supply  is 
desired.  As  poultry  are  not  partial  to  frozen 
cabbage,  they  may  be  eliopped  and  left  over 
night  in  cold  water.  In  fact,  by  placing  turnips 
in  cold  water  to  thaw,  they  may  be  chopped  and 
fed  raw  also.  A  proportion  of  raw  vegetables  at 
times  is  highly  relished  by  the  fowls,  though  a 
mess  of  cooked  food  is  also  excellent. 
.  We  can  cut  rye  this  monrli  for  green  food.  The 
rye  will  not  be  very  tall,  but  so  much  the  better. 
When  cut,  let  it  be  dried  enough  to  prevent  fer- 
mentation, or  place  it  loosely  in  the  barn.  It 
may  wilt ;  but  it  will  be  tender  when  moistened 
with  warm  water.  It  reijuircs  but  very  little 
labor  to  chop  a  few  handsful)  into  short  lengths 
once  a  day,  and  if  fed  in  coniiectifm  witii  cabbage, 
a  good  dish  of  green  food  may  be  supplied.  We 
might  recommend  spinacli,  lettuce,  and  turnip 
tops,  but  the  rye  and  cabbage  may  be  more  easily 
procured,  and  also  fed  with  less  labor.  We  are 
not  stating  what  should  l»e  fed,  but  what  may  be 
done  in  November.  Of  course,  if  one  iias  lettuce 
in  cold  frames  it  may  be  fed,  but  lettuce  is  too 
valuable  at  this  season,  while  cabbage  is  always 
cheap,  especially  as  a  single  head  furnishes  quite 
a  large  meal  for  a  flock.  The  hay  from  the 
second  growth  of  clover  may  be  cut  up  in  winter 
also,  and  a  portion  shouM  he  placed  aside  now  for 
that  purpose,  while  the  small  while  potatoes  may 
be  used  advantageously,  when  boiled  and  mixed 
with  the  soft  food.  Green  food  need  not  be  fed 
every  day,  as  a  rule,  but  if  nllowed  three  times  a 
week  will  be  found  very  beneficial. 


BREEDING    STANDARD  FOWLS. 

Of  Ifite  years  there  ha.s  been  a  tendency  on  the 
part  of  some  to  breed  poultry  for  market  and  also 
to  standard  requirements.  This  cannot  be  tlone, 
for  the  reason  that  too  much  attention  is  devoted 
to  the  undesirable  points,  when  breeding  to  the 
standard,  such  as  comb,  wattles,  earlobes,  and 
legs,  which  compels  a  breeder  to  discard  all  mem- 
bers of  the  flock  that  may  not  come  up  to  the 
points  demanded.  This  necessitates  the  rejection 
of  the  strongest  and  most  vigorous  fowls,  should 
the  comb  be  uneven  or  the  face  a  little  out  of 
color.  To  reject  a  Leghorn  of  vigorous  constitu- 
tion because  the  earlolie  may  have  a  dark  spot  on 
it  is  a  suicidal  method,  which  must  in  the  end 
result  in  debility.  The  majority  of  those  who 
are  interested  in  poultry  are  desirous  of  deriving 
a  profit  from  the  sale  of  eggs,  chicks  and  adult 
fowls  in  the  market,  as  buyers  pay  no  attention 
to  color  marks ;  and  yet  it  is  not  to  be  understood 
that  a  fowl  is  not  pure  because  it  has  a  speck  of 
black  on  a  white  ground,  or  because  the  comb  is 
deficient  in  a  point  or  leans  to  one  side.  We 
believe  in  breeding,  or  crossing,  from  the  pure 
breeds,  for  they  are  bred  for  certain  characteris- 
tics, but  there  is  no  reason  for  making  selections 
entirely  from  color  to  the  exclusion  of  that  which 
is  more  important. 

Breeding  poultry  for  market  purposes  should 
be  done  with  a  view  of  sacrificing  everything  to 
vigor.  Health  and  activity  are  important  factors 
in  successful  poultry  raising,  and  this  can  be  best 
obtained  by  judicious  mating  of  those  fowls  that 
will  give  the  greatest  return  for  the  care  and 
labor  bestowed.  The  Black  Spanish  fowls  are 
among  our  best  layers,  but  nearly  one-third  of  the 
total  number  of  points  required  by  the  standard 
are  given  to  the  head  alone,  a  course  which  is 
destroying  their  useful  qualities.  If  a  hen  is  a 
good  layer,  is  careful  with  her  chicks,  and  pos- 
sesses a  strong  constitution,  she  will  prove  more 
valuable  to  one  who  breeds  for  usefulness  than 
the  best  hens  that  are  lired  for  standard  require- 
ments alone. 


plumage,  the  under  parts  of  the  body  a  pale  bufi", 
penciled  with  black  lines.  The  White  Chinese 
has  an  orange  colored  knob  at  the  base  of  the 
bills,  the  body  being  white,  no  colored  feathers 
being  on  any  part  of  the  plumage.  The  Brown 
Chinese  is  similar  to  the  White  in  shape,  the 
color  being  grayish  brown,  with  darker  bro"^!! 
on  the  back  and  wings  than  on  the  under  parts, 
while  the  knob  at  the  base  of  the  beak  should  be 
brown  or  black.  The  Enibden  is  one  of  the  lar- 
gest varieties,  the  b(j(ly  large,  deep,  and  square, 
in  fat  specimens  nearly  touching  the  ground,  the 
color  being  entirely  white.  The  Toulouse  is  a 
large  goose  also,  in  color  light  gray,  and  like  the 
Enibden,  the  under  part  nearly  reaches  tlie 
ground.  Of  the  above  varieties,  the  best  are  tlie 
Embden  and  Toulouse.  A  cross  of  the  two  breeds 
by  mating  a  Toulouse  gander  with  an  Embden 
female,  is  larger  than  either  of  the  parents. 


BREEDS  OF  GEESE. 

There  are  six  breeds  of  geese,  and  seven,  if  we 
include  the  wild  variety.  They  consist  of  the 
African,  Brown  Chinese,  White  Chinese,  Egyp- 
tian, Embden,  and  Toulouse. 

The  African  is  dark  gray  in  plumage,  with  a 
large  knob  on  the  head  and  heavy  dewlap  under 
the  throat.     The  Egyptian  is  black  and  gray  in 


KEEPING  THE  DROPPINGS  IN  WINTER. 

We  have  given  several  methods  for  saving 
poultry  manure,  but  as  the  volatile  matter  is 
more  easily  retained  during  the  cold  season  than 
when  the  weather  is  warm,  the  manure  may  be 
kept  in  a  more  compact  form.  Dry  earih  is  not 
easily  obtainalde  when  the  ground  is  frozen,  and 
too  much  dampness  in  the  quarters  does  not  facil- 
itate the  process  of  cleaning.  Why  may  not  two 
valuable  fertilizers  be  combined  while  saving  the 
manure?  If  sulphate  of  potash  ikainiti  be  used 
lor  dusting  the  floor  of  poultry  houses,  it  not  only 
answers  as  a  disinfectant  as  well  as  an  aiisorbent, 
but  should  the  manure  begin  to  ferment,  the 
gaseous  ammonia  will  be  converted  into  a  sul- 
phate, and  remain  in  a  solid  form.  The  potash 
itself  is  a  valuable  ingredient,  and  as  the  kainit 
also  contains  traces  of  magnesia  and  lime,  it  is 
still  better.  It  is  cheap  if  procured  in  the  crude 
state,  which  answers  all  practical  purposes,  and 
is  superior  to  pla'<ter.  One  part  of  the  kainit  to 
one  of  the  droppings  will  be  sufficient,  though  a 
larger  proportion  of  kainit  may  be  used  if  pre- 
ferred. We  recommend  it,  and  hope  our  readers 
will  give  it  a  trial. 


THE  GROWTH  OF  YOUNG  CHICKS. 

Considerable   discussion    as   to   the  growth  of 

young  fowls  having  reached  us,  we  give  here  the 

result  of  careful  experiments. 
The  growth   of  chicks,  as  ascertained   by  us 

during  the   past  three   months,  was  as  follows, 

viz  :  — 

The  egg  weighs   2     ounces. 

Chick  newly  hatched  weighs U       " 

"       1  week  old  weighs 2         " 

"       2  weeks  old  weighs 4         " 

"       3  "  "      fii       " 

"       4  "  "       10         " 

"       5  "  "       14 

"       6  "  "      184        " 

"       7  "  "       23i       " 

"        8  "  "       28         " 

n       9  "  "      32         " 

"    10        "        "    !!!!!!"!!!!!]  se 
"    n         "        "    41 

The  chicks  experimented  with  were  Plymouth 
Rocks,  though  considerably  mixed  with  other 
bloods.  They  were  fed  mostly  on  a  mixture  of 
bran,  oatmeal  and  corn  meal,  moistened  with 
milk  or  water,  and  baked,  sometimes  merely 
cooked  with  boiling  water.  Whole  wheat  and 
skim  milk  cheese  served  as  a  variety  during  the 
first  four  weeks,  and  the  cake  was  sometimes 
made  richer  by  the  addition  of  a  little  animal 
meal,  ("pulverized  dried  bone  and  meat"). 
Out  (if  quite  a  large  flock,  not  one  chicken  died 
from  disease.  They  were  fed  very  regularly, 
three  times  a  day,"  and  all  they  would  eat  up 
clean.  A  flock  which  increased  two  pounds  in 
weight  a  day,  consumed  less  than  six  pounds  of 
corn  meal,  or  its  equivalent  in  other  food,  in 
twenty-four  hours;  and  what  vegetable  or  animal 
matter  they  could  pick  up,  which,  in  spite  of  un- 
limited range,  did  not  appear  to  be  very  much  : 
at  least  they  were  always  hungry  when  they 
came  to  their  meal.  From  the  above,  you  will 
see  that  the  actual  expense  of  making  one  pound 
of  "spring  chicken"  was,  in  this  case  not  more 
than  four  cents.  The  market  price  in  citiefi  dur- 
ing July  varied  between  twenty  and  twenty-eight 
cents 

We  might  have  grown  these  chicks  still  faster 
by  giving  them  a  greater  variety  of  food,  but  did 
not  attempt  to  force  them.  Or  we  might  have 
grown  them  slower,  but  with  less  expense,  had 
we  made  them  shift  for  themselves.  There  were 
no  grasshoppers. 

COLLIE  SHEPHERD   PUPS, 

FROM    IMPORTED    KENNEL. 
Ailflrcfis.  RIVERSIDE    FARM,  Portland,  Me. 


POULTRY  SCRATCHINGS. 

Stale  Bread  lor  Chicks.— There  is  nothing  better  for  young 
chicks  than  stale,  hard  bread,  but  it  should  be  soaked  in 
milk  before  feeding. 

The  Wild  Birds.— No  attempt  has  been  successfully  made 
to  domesticate  the  wild  turkey,  but  the  wild  goose  has 
been  tamed  and  crossed  with  the  common  breeds 

Governing  Ihe  Sexes.— Itisclaimed  that  by  matiugathree 
year  old  cock  with  pullets,  that  themajority  of  the  chicks 
will  be  females,  and  when  a  young  cockerel  is  mated 
three-year  old  hens,  the  males  will  predomiuate. 

Dieting  tor  Bowet  Disease.— When  the  chicks  are  afflicted 
witli  diarrlKpa,  one  of  the  best  remedies  is  boiled  milk, 
iliickened  with  corn  meal  while  boiling.  Let  it  remain 
until  nearly  cold,  but  should  be  fed  warm.  A  pinch  of 
red  pepper  will  improve  it. 

Brahmas  and  Common  Fowls.- Inordertoincreasethesize 
of  conmiuii  n.wls,  the  cock  selected  should  be  a  light 
Brahma,  which  will  give  heavy  feathering,  compact  size, 
and  small  comb.  Such  a  cross  will  lay  earlier  than  the 
pure  Brahma,  and  make  better  nurses  for  chicks. 

Oats  lor  Feed.— They  should  always  be  ground,  if  possi- 
ble, and  mixed  with  the  soft  food,  feomeiiraes  the  hena 
will  reject  the  whole  grains,  and  when  this  is  the  case, 
they  may  be  soaked  over  night  in  hen  water,  when  they 
will  he  eaten  readily,  as  well  as  being  more  digestible. 

Leghorns  and  Plymouth  Rocks.- In  crossing  these  breeds, 
the  Dominick  Leghorn  and  Plynioutli  Rock  hen  should 
be  used,  the  combs  of  both  being  straight  and  single, 
while  the  colors  are  nearly  the  same..  It  is  a  more  com- 
patible cross  than  that  of  the  White  or  Brown  varieties 
with  the  Plymouth  Kock. 

Ducks  In  the  Poultry  Yard.— Ducks  should  be  allowed  as 
much  liberty  us  possible,  as  they  are  not  partial  to  con- 
finement like  chickens.  When  they  are  kept  in  the- 
poultry  yard  with  hens  they  become  quarrelsome,  and 
do  more  damage  than  they  are  worth,  and  for  that  rea^ 
son  should  be  kept  separate. 

The  mites.— The  most  troublesome  pests  are  the  small 
mites,  which  can  scarcely  be  seen.  Many  persons  sup- 
pose their  fowls  to  be  free  of  vermin  while  they  are  full 
of  them,  simply  because  the  mites  are  so  small  tliut  they 
cannot  be  seen.  Persian  Insect  Powder,  dusted  among 
the  feathers,  is  excellent,  and  the  dust  bath  may  be  made 
serviceable  bj-  sprinkling  the  dirt  witn  Carbolic  Acid. 

Rules  lor  Observance.  — Keep  the  coops  warm  and  dry. 
Avoid  crowding  loo  many  fowls  together.  Feed  a  va- 
riety of  tood.  Give  clean,  pure  water.  Collect  eggs  for 
hatching  as  soon  as  laid.  Hatch  your  pullets  for  next 
year  as  soon  as  possil)le.  Use  only  pure-bred  males. 
Give  the  fowls  a  dry  dust  bath,  but  do  not  use  wood 
ashes.  Sell  young  chicks  as  soon  as  they  ai-e  large 
enough.  Give  soil  food  in  the  morning  and  whole  grain 
at  night. 

Breeds  ol  Bantams.— Some  breeders  hatch  bantams  aa 
late  as  this  month,  in  order  to  dwarf  them  in  size  There- 
are  nine  varieties,  consisting  of  the  Golden  Sebriglit, Sil- 
ver Sebright,  Booted  White,  Game,  Japatiese,  Pekin, 
Rose-Combed  Black,  Rose-Combed  White,  and  White 
Crested  White  Polish.  They  are  all  bred  for  novelty 
rather  than  usefulness,  hut  we  believe  they  will  produce 
as  many  pounds  of  meat,  in  proportion  to  food  consumed, 
as  the  larger  breeds. 

The  Rare  Breeds.— Among  the  rare  breeds  with  wliich 
many  |)ersnns  aie  not  familiar,  are  ilie  Frizzles;  whose 
featliers  curve  backwards,  especially  on  the  hackle  and 
saddle;  theRumpl*"R9  orbirds  without  tails,  the  Russian* 
which  have  a  beard  under  the  beak,  reaching  around  in 
the  shape  of  a  curve  to  the  back  of  the  eyes,  the  Silkies, 
which  are  crested,  witli  one  feather  falling  over  tlie  side 
of  the  back  in  a  silky  mass,  and  the  Sultans,  which  pos- 
sess a  beard  and  crest,  tlie  plumage  being  white. 

The  Best  Condition  lop  Lading. -While  it  is  suggested  that 
the  poultry  be  well  fed,  it  is  not  best  to  keep  the  laying 
hens  too  fat.  Twice  a  day  is  otten  enough  to  feed  the 
fowls,  and  they  should  be  given  only  as  much  as  they 
will  eat  up  entirelv,  leaving  nothing  on  the  ground. 
Keeping  food  before  them  a'll  the  lime  is  not  economical,, 
and  induces  them  to  eat  at  irregular  periods,  as  well  as- 
depriving  them  of  exercise.  Let  them  become  hungry 
between  meals.  Exercise  is  tlie  best  remedy  for  pre- 
ventin-i  the  hens  becoming  tuo  fat,  and  if  they  are  com- 
pelli-ri  to  scratch  and  hunt  for  their  food,  to  a  cerlaia 
extent,  it  will  be  beneficial. 

A  Cheap  Cholera  Medicine.-Take  of  hypo-sulphite  of  soda, 
one  pound,  ginger  one-quarter  of  a  pound,  extract  log- 
wood one-qnarter  of  a  pound,  red  pepper  one-quarter  of 
a  pound,  sulphur  one-quarter  of  a  pound;  rosin,  salt, 
and  copperas  one-eighth  of  a  pound.  This  should  all  be 
fine  and  well  mixed,  and  as  the  materials  are  cheap,  a 
quantity  should  always  he  on  hand.  During  the  first 
stages  of  the  disease  it  may  be  fed  in  corn  meal  dough, 
mixing  two  tablespoonfuls  of  the  mixture  to  each  pint 
of  meal.  Should  the  fowls  be  very  sick  give  each  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  the  mixture  in  water.  It  is  a  harmless  med- 
icine, and  may  be  given  as  a  tonic  once  a  week,  by  mix- 
ing a  tahlespoonful  to  a  quart  of  meal. 9  ' 


INCUBATORSS 

■  trial.    C.  W.  SaviUge,  25 


The    SAVIDGE,  .100 

eKffS.S8l.  Different  sizes. 
Never  fnils.  Sent  on 
2924  Huntingdon  St..  Phlla. 


10 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    50USBH0LD. 


ulad 
chil- 


AI^MOST    THANKSGIVING. 
By  J.  K  McC. 

An  effort  has  frequently  been  made  to  have 
the  time  for  Tliaiiksgi  viug'changed  from  Novt-iu- 
ber  to  October,  but  it  seems  to  meet  with  little 
general  favor.  The  inclemency  of  the  weather 
'^the  main  pi)int  urged,  but  that,  with  many,  is 
an  argument  for  the  other  .side.  With  our  many 
improvements  iu  travel  it  is  about  as  easy  to 
gather  a  household  together  in  cold  weather  as 
in  warm.  And  does  it  not  add  a  iharm  to  the 
day  to  rush  in  from  the  drear  November  weather 
into  the  warm,  old  homestead,  so  odorous  of  good 
<!heer,  to  be  welcomed  with  open  arms  and  glad 
smiles,  and  a  busv,  bustling  care  for  our  comfort? 
Even  the  staid  old  house  dog  seems  to  enter  inio 
the  spirit  of  the  time,  and  wags  his  welcome  by 
the  door-stone. 

This  is  peculiarly  an  old-fashioned  .Vmerican 
feast-day,  and  it  seems  pleasant  to  keep  up  many 
of  its  old-fashioned  features.  The  aged  grand- 
father and  grandmother,  and  very  possibly  father 
and  mother  too  will  enjoy  a  dinner  which  re- 
minds them  of  old-times  far  more  than  "one  of 
eight  courses,"  however  elegantly  served.  One 
h£  said  that  "three- fourths  of  the  poetry  of 
eating  apples  is  in  having  them  rciniiiJ  us  of 
other  days."  It  is  no  less  true  of  this 
festival  to  us  older  people,  while  the  dear 
dren  are  laving  up  memoirs  for  by-and-by. 

When  tlie  first  snow  flakes  flutter  down,  and 
the  little  ones  watch  them  with  gleeful  eyes, 
shouting  "  Almost  Thanksgiving,"  how  eiieerily 
rises  toour  view  that  old-f;isliioned  Thaiik.sgiviiig 
table.  There  at  one  end  wa.s  the  great  roast 
turkey,  with  its  craiilierry  sauee,  at  the  other  the 
huge  chicken. pie  ami  jelly.  In  the  middle  the 
juicy,  boiled  ham  for  I'nole  Robert  to  carve, 
while  platters  of  cohl  boiled  tongue  and  sliced 
corned-beet  were  conveniently  interspersed.  The 
outlying  dishes  of  mashed  turnips  and  potatoes, 
delicate  cream,  cold-slaw,  baked  si;uash.  and 
boiled  onions  received  due  attention,  as  did  also 
the  various  sweet  pickles  and  sour,  and  the 
catchups  and  sauces.  The  side  table  full  of  pies 
and  puddings  for  desert  awakened  but  litlle 
enthusiasm,  for  it  was  a  wonderful  capacity  that 
did  not  weaken  before  this  stage  of  tlie  jjrocee- 
dings  was  reached,  even  when  sharpened  by  a 
rough  north-easter. 

If  you  have  such  a  good  old-fashioned  feast  for 
your"  board,  do  not  worry  though  your  most 
resthetic  cousin  from  the  city  comes  down  to  the 
home  re-union.  I  have  observed  there  even  the 
most  fastidious  people  fall  into  line  remarkably 
well.  .    . 

If  father  and  mother  cannot  come  to  you,  it  is 
very  pleasant  to  have  the  children  invited  and 
prepare  the  feast  at  tlieir  home,  taking  off  all 
care  and  responsibililv,  and  leaving  them  only 
the  enjoyment  and  novelty  of  being  guests  in 
their  own  house. 

It  is  a  hard  heart,  indeed,  that  cannot  send  up 
grateful  thmights  to  the  Great  Giver  as  she  goes 
about  even  her  busiest  preparations,  and  that 
mother  certainly  fails  in  her  dutv  who  does  not 
teach  the  children  a  lesson  in  thankfulness  for 
the  good  things  that  have  crowned  the  year. 

But  a  joy  associated  with  this  day,  which 
is  mni-e  lasting  than  the  flavor  of  the  choicest 
viands,  comes  from  "sending  portions  to  those 
f.jr  whom  nothing  is  prepared."  This  is  the 
truest  expression  of  man  and  thanksgiving;  a 
service  most  acceptai)le  to  Ilim  who  has  said 
"freely  ye  have  received,  freely  give."  "The 
blessing  of  him  that  was  ready  to  perish"  is 
better  store  than  full  barns.  "  There  is  one 
thing,"  saidagood  man,  "which  I  hope  iieverto 
have'against  me,  that  is  the  prayers  of  the  poor." 

PACKED  AWAY  FOB  THE  -WTNTEB. 
The  time  has  come  when  the  lawns,  and  cam- 
brics and  light  calicoes  must  be  called  in  and 
laid  aside  until  another  vear.  It  is  of  course 
necessary  tliat  all  should  be  thoroughly  washed, 
as  what  could  be  more  untidy  than  to  lay  away 
ft  soiled  garment  for  half  a  year  in  a  clothes 
closet.  But  housekeepers  differ  in  regard  to  iron- 
in"  them.  I  like  best  to  have  all  but  the  white 
dresses  neatly  starched  and  ironed,  and  folded 
away  in  a  large  chest.  Then  when  the  warm 
weather  comes  down  suddenly  upon  us  some 
spring  morning,  it  is  but  the  work  of  a  few  min- 
utes to  freshen  a  dress  with  a  hot  iron,  and  there 
it  is  ready  to  wear.  Wliite  dresses  will  need 
boiling  and  bloaching  ]>rohably,  wlien  their  time 
Jo  be  worn  comes  around.  So  it  is  not  worth 
wliile  wasting  time  doing  them  up.  They  may 
be  rolled  up  rouuh  dry,  as  well  as  any  way.  It 
will  be  a  great  help  next  spring,  if  we  live  to  see 
it  to  have  these  laid  away  dresses  all  in  order, 
iinrt  drop'ied  stitches  reset,  any  worn  hems  re- 


newed, and  missing  buttons  especially,  replaced. 
By  next  season,  very  likely,  the  loose  button  will 
be  lost  and  you  cannot  match  it,  and  so  a  whole 
new  set  will  be  needed.  Where  one  has  no  con- 
venient chest  for  such  laid-off  garments,  a  box 
with  a  well-fitting  lid  serves  the  purpose  very 
well.  One  lady  takes  a  clean  barrel  and  lines  it 
with  newspapers,  then  folds  her  summer  clothes 
up  smoothly  and  packs  them  away.  The  head 
is  put  in  the  barrel  and  no  chinks  left  for  mice  to 
creep  in.  One  needs  to  watch  well  against  these 
l)ests ;  they  will  creep  into  a  very  small  knot- 
hole. 

An  old  maiden  lady  I  know,  has  spent  years  in 
piecing  elaborate  bed-qnills  out  of  bits  of  cloth, 
and  then  quilting  them  in  the  most  laborious 
fashion.  She  must  have  a  full  baker's  dozen, 
and  thev  never  see  the  light  except  once  a  year, 
to  be  aired.  Then  they  look  like  a  tulip  bed  on 
a  clothes  line,  if  you  can  pardon  such  a  rhetorical 
figure.  This  fall  the  sad  fact  came  to  light  that 
mice  had  nibbled  the  edges  of  most  of  these  fine 
quilts.  I  was  not  present  when  the  discovery 
was  made,  and  I  am  rather  glad  I  was  not. 

But  the  point  I  wish  to  make  is,  you  cannot  be 
too  careful  when  laying  awny  your  things  to  see 
that  thev  are,  in  effect,  sealed' up  against  these 
little  intruders,  for  they  will  be  cold  this  winter, 
and  want  cosy  nests  and  your  nice  dresses  would 
just  suit  them. 

READY  FOR  A  CHANGE  OF  'WEATHER 


By  Olive. 


The  first  sharp  frost  had  melted  before  the 
bright  sunshine,  but  Mrs.  Delano  took  it  as  a 
timelv  warning. 

"  Cold  weatlier  will  be  here  in  earnest  before 
long,  Mabel,"  she  said.  "  We  must  be  prepared 
for  it.  Let  us  take  an  account  of  stock  as  soon 
as  we  get  the  work  done." 

So  they  laid  out  on  the  bed  in  mother's  room 
all  of  last  year's  "left-over"  flanuels  for  old 
folks  and  young  folks.  Some  were  in  good  con- 
dition fur  a  new  campaign,  but  most  would  need 
renovation,  at  least.  The  good  ones  were  laid 
aside  again  in  the  respective  drawers  where  they 
belonged,  and  then  business  began  in  earnest. 

Those  which  were  available  for  cutting  down 
to  fit  smaller-sized  people  were  carefully  dis- 
cussed and  assorted.  The  good,  trusty  i>atterns 
were  laid  on  with  good  judgment,  and  soon  two 
nicii  SDts  for  the  smaller  children  were  cut  out 
and  rolled  away  fir  the  sewing  machine. 

"These  soft,' wliite  stocking  tops  are  just  the 
things  to  make  into  sleeves,"  .said  mother,  "and 
vou  can  crochet  a  nice  litlle  strip  in  white  Saxony 
"wool  to  go  about  the  wrist.  It  will  be  a  satisfac- 
tion to  think  that  Amy  and  Freddy  are  )>repared 
with  heavier  undergarments,  if  we  havent  their 
outside  dresses  in  reailiness." 

After  the  thorough  investigation,  it  wsis  decided 
for  whom  new  garments  must  be  bought,  and  the 
number  noted  down  in  a  little  blank-book,  with 
the  probable  cost.  That  careful  revision  and 
making-over  was  a  good  stroke  of  economy,  and 
saved  much  pinching  with  cold  on  the  part  of 
the   children   when    there    came   a   really   cold 


mornnig. 

The  next  few  days  were  given  to  a  similar 
work  whenever  spare  time  could  be  gained.  The 
housekeeper  whose  means  were  limited  saw  ex- 

aetlv  what  her  resources  were,  and  made  the  very    

best"  of  them.     Old   dresses,    which    had   served  ,  the  meat  has  been  removed. 


THANKSGIVING   TURKEY. 

Pick  and  dean  in  the  most  fastidious  manner 
(you  will  never  over-do  this  matter).  Then 
plunge  it  into  boiling  water,  and  then  into  cold. 
JDrain  and  wipe  it  dry.  Prepare  stuffing  by 
taking  dry  bread  and  pouring  a  litlle  hot  water 
cover  it.  "Cover  closely  with  a  cloth  and  leave 
until  soft.  Then  crumb  well  with  the  hands. 
Add  a  large  lump  of  butter,  pe)iper,  salt,  and  a 
beaten  egg.  Rub  in  a  few  slices  of  fresh  bread, 
that  it  may  not  be  too  moist.  I!ub  inside  of  tur- 
key with  pepper  and  salt;  stuff  the  breast  first, 
but  not  too  full,  or  it  will  burst  in  cooking.  Sew 
up  the  opening  and  stuff  the  body.  Tie  the  legs 
down  firmly,  press  the  wings  close  to  the  side 
and  secure  "with  a  string.  If  not  very  fender  it 
is  better  to  steam  it  two  hours.  This  may  be 
easily  done  by  standing  a  couple  of  basins  in 
vour'wash  boiler  and  setting  the  dripping  pan 
"with  only  a  little  water  in  the  boiler.  Save  the 
juice  in  the  dripping  pan,  and  set  it  in  the  oven 
with  turkey  to  roast,  after  steaming.  When  a 
fork  enters"  the  breast  easily  it  is  done.  Baste 
often  and  see  that  it  is  a  rich  brown.  Make  an 
abundance  of  gravy  of  the  drippings  by  adding 
water  and  a  spoonful  of  flour  nibbed  smoothly 
in  warm  water.     Please  do  not  add  the  giblets. 

Drop  Ginger  C.vkes. — 1  pint  of  Xew  Orleans 
molasses,  1  cup  of  lard  or  i  butter  if  ])repared,  1 
cup  sugar,  7  cups  flour,  2  eggs,  2  table.spoonfuls 
.soda,  ground  clove,  cinnamon  and  ginger. 

Plum  Pudding.— J  ft  suet,  1  cup  of  milk,  3 
cups  of  flour,  1  cup  of  moUasses,  2  c"gs,  i  fc 
raisins,  1  ft  currants,  1  teaspoonful  soda  dissolved 
in  boiling  water,  flour,  raisins.     Steam  3  hours. 

Currant  Cake.— 2  cujis  of  granulated  sugar, 
i  cup  butter,  beaten  smoothly,  3  eggs  beaten' 
separately,  1  cup  milk,  3  cujis  sifted  flour,  with 
2  teaspoonfuls  of  lloyal  baking  powder,  i  ft> 
dried  currants. 

Lady  Loaves. — With  1  quart  of  flour  mix  3 
teaspoonfulls  Knyal  baking  powder,  dissolve  1 
large  teasdoonfull  of  sugar,  and  i  teasjioonfull  of 
sail,  in  i  iiiiit  of  milk,  unit  2oz  butter,  and  add 
to  the  flour,  together  with  milk,  and  proceed  to 
form  the  whole  into  asiniioth  dough,  with  butlittle 
kneading,  roll  i  an  inch  thick  and  cut  into  small 
squares,  and  fold  the  corners  to  the  centre.  Bake 
in  very  quick  oven. 

CuicKEN  Pie.— Cut  up  and  boil  until  tender 
two  chickens  in  enough  water  to  cover  them. 
Make  a  rich  baking-powder  dough,  wet  with 
sweet  milk.  Roll  very  thin  and  line  a  four- 
quart  pan.  Put  in  a  layer  of  the  chicken,  well 
seasoned,  then  some  .strips  or  dice  of  dough,  then 
another  layer  of  chicken,  an<I  till  up  with  the 
liquor  in  w"hich  the  chicken  was  boiled.  Roll  a 
thin  top  crust,  cut  out  the  centre  with  a  cup,  and 
through  this  add  more  of  the  gravy  from  time  to 
time.  Chicken  pie  is  apt  to  be  too  dry.  Bake 
about  one  hour.  i 

Curing  Pork. — As  the  period  will  .soon  arrive 
for  slaughtering  hogs,  we  call  attention  to  the 
fact  that  small  pieces  can  be  cured,  or  preserved 
more  readilv  and  easier  than  in  larger  sizes.  An 
excellent  plan  rccomniemled  several  month  ago, 
is  to  cook  the  meat,  ]>aek  it  in  kegs  or  barrels 
(not  too  closelv),  ami  |i(nir  hot  lard  over  it  until 
the  ves.sel  is  filled,  care  being  taken  that  every 
jiart  is  well  covered.  The  method  is  not  new,  as 
the  majoritv  of  farmers  keep  sausage  in  the  same 
manner.     The  lard  can  afterwards  be  used  after 


their  time,  were  taken  carefully  apart,  washed, 
and  made  over  until  they  seemed  almost  like 
new.  But  no  work  ree<  ived  greater  attention 
than  the  warm,  soft  skirts  made  out  of  various 
uni)roniising  materials,  which  she  prepared  for 
her  little  girls,  and  the  snug  woolen  stockings 
and  well-fitting  leggings,  buttoned  up  the  side 
with  shoe  buttons,  which  she  jirocured  for  each. 
"  It  is  only  one  stitch  alter  another,  Mabel, 
and  I  have  learned  to  take  them  pretty  fast. 
Now  we  are  ready  fiir  the  new  dresses  and  wraps, 
andean  go  abcnit  them  with  twice  the  comfort, 
since  the  old  are  all  in  the  be.st  order  we  can  put 
them, — ready  for  any  change  of  the  weather." 


I  tried  a  long  time  to  make  pot  pie  that  would 
not  fall  when  taken  up,  but  always  failed,  more 
or  less.  Then  I  read  that  if  two  tumblers  of  cold 
water  were  added  to  the  stew  just  before  the 
crust  was  put  in,  the  dough  would  have  time  to 
rise  before  it  began  to  Ijoil.  I  tried  it,  and  can 
succeed  everv  time  now,  mnkiiig  the  crust  as 
light  as  bake'd  biscuit.  Make  the  same  kind  of 
dough,  wet  with  milk,  but  not  so  short  as  for 
biscuit.  It  is  excellent  rolled  thin  and  laid  over 
boiled  beef  and  cabbage,  abuut  fifteen  minutes 
before  serving.  Hungry  scliool  boys  approve  of 
it  when  they  rush  iu,"famished,  on  a  winter  day. 


Free  +o  AU^  ^  gold  watch. 

Thei.o>Ii.^h.r^of  the  Capltol  City  Home  Cncot.  the  w-11  known  Illailraud  and 
Faniilv  Ma,za2;nf,  ciake  the  following:  lil>fra!  offer  lor  the  hoUdny*:  The  i"Tion  tellm" 
us  ihe'longfit  verse  Ja  ihe  Bible  Ix-fure  JaEu:iry  lit.,  wiU  receive  a  ^olid  Uold^  Lady 
lluntlneCafL-d  &w1bs  Wntih  wonh  fiO.     If  there  be  more  th.in  one  correct 
the  second  will  n-.  five  an  eteirant  iMcm.niadint;  Gentleman's  M  atch; 
the  third,  a  kev-w;i.iiine  £n^lir>h   Wotch.     Enih  jH-rs-.Q  mo. I  send  36  cents 
with  their  answer  lur  which  tli'-y  w  ill  rec>  ive  FRKE.  j.istpaiii,  three  monthtt' 
lauboerlptlon  to  **  liOME  Gl'EST,"and  an  IJecant  Lady's  Work 
lJo3  With  ih'  irnumoh'Tnitl'ully  sloncilled  ontbccovrr.  Each  i>oi  rr.r.nir-,-- 
1  Silver  Plated  1  hlmble,   1  pnekaire  Fancy  Work  Neodh".  tl 
elegant  Fruit  Napkins,  1  pn<-kafre  Embroidery  Silk  nworir.l 
colors,  1    paeknirc  Silk    ISInrks  for   I'atchwork,  2    ChrUtman     ^ 
Card*,  3  >rw  Vear  <'nrd«,  1  Lovely  Binhdny  Cord.arni  1  copy /_rr: 
ol"  "  Ladles'  Fnney  Work  Ouldc,"  cont.'^iriin?  iilustntiions  and  descrip- 
tims  of  ail  the  lat.^t   dcsiims  in   f-iniy  wnrk.     The  retnilar  price  of  the  above 
ariiilesIs^l.So,  but  to  those  who  comjly  wiihlhe  aboTereqairements  wenlllsend 

l^d'toss'cS    Publ'rs  Home  Guest,  Hartford,  Conn. S 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


11 


Odds  and  €nds. 


Among  the  Jesuits  it  was  a  standins  rule  of  the 
Order,  that  after  an  application  to  study  for  two 
hours,  the  mind  of  the  student  should  be  unbent 
by  some  relaxation  however  trifling. 

In  Japan  wheat  is  sown  in  rows,  witli  wide 
spaces  between  theni,  which  are  utilized  for 
beans  and  other  crops,  and  no  sooner  is  it  removed 
than  cucumbers  or  some  other  vegetable  takes 
its  place,  as  the  land,  tinder  careful  tillage  and 
copious  manuring,-  bears  two,  and  often  three, 
crops  in  a  year. 

Perpetual  Ice  Water. — A  gentleman  in 
Brandon,  Vermont,  has  a  curious  well  which 
puzzles  even  those  wise  men,  tiie  s<neiitists.  It  is 
about  forty-four  feet  deeji,  and  at  the  depth  of 
thirty-nine  feet  ice  begins  to  form,  and  continues 
to  do  so  to  the  bottom.  No  matter  hoiv  liigh  the 
thermometer  runs  the  ice  never  nu'lts,  though  it 
grows  thicker  in  the  winter. 


In  the -biography  of  Samuel  J.  May,  he  states 
that  once  on  a  morning  walk  he  passed  by  a  ceme- 
tery, where  he  observed  the  old  tomb  of  one 
■John  Otis  opened.  Curiosity  induced  him  to  look 
in  and  open  the  lid  of  the  crumbling  coffin.  He 
found  it  entirely  filled  with  the  filirous  roots  of 
the  elm,  and  stepping  out  he  saw  the  noble  wide- 
spreading  tree  above  him  whose  transfigured  glory 
represented  all  that  was  material  of  John  Otis.  " 


the  marriage  was  concluded  in  1752.  Nothing 
but  the  supposition  that  he  was  actuated  by 
gratitude  for  her  kindness  and  attention  during 
his  illness  can  account  for  this  singular  step  in 
Mr.  Howard's  life.  The  lady,  it  appears,  was 
not  only  twice  as  old  as  himself,  but  also  very 
sickl}',  and  that  no  reasons  of  interest  can  have 
influenced  him,  is  evident,  as  much  from  the 
fact  that  she  was  poor  in  comparison  with  him- 
self, as  from  the  circumstance  of  his  immediately 
making  over  the  whole  of  her  little  property  to 
her  sister.  Mr.  Howard  lived  very  happily  with 
his  wife  until  her  death,  which  occurred  in  1755. 


A  Poor  Chance. — When  Dr.  Franklin's 
mother-in-law  found  out  that  the  young  man 
had  a  hankering  after  her  daughter,  that  good 
lady  said  she  did  not  know  so  well  about  giving 
her  daughter  to  a  printer.  There  were  alreadv 
two  printing  offices  in  the  Colonies,  and  as 
Franklin  intended  to  set  up  a  third,  it  Was  a 
question  whetlier  the  country  could  support  so 
many.  If  all  prospective  mothers-in-law  looked 
upon  the  business  in  a  similar  light  now-a-days 
it  would  be  rather  discouraging  for  printers  out 
"wife  hunting. 

Along  the  Tigris  the  villagers  in  hot  weather 
hathe  ill  the  river  before  retiring  for  the  night, 
and  if  the  heat  is  particularly  oppressive,  thev 
repeat  the  bath  several  times  during  the  night. 
The  heat  and  the  vermin  of  the  hutsinake  small 
children  restless  and  troublesome.  Hence  the 
villagers  make  baskets,  which  they  line  with 
some  soft  material,  and  hang  among  the  reeds 
•which  grow  in  the  shallows  of  the  river  bank. 
The  babies  of  the  village  are  stowed  at  nightfall 
in  these  baskets,  tied  under  a  cover  of  basket 
work,  hnd  remain  among  the  reeds  to  sleep  in 
peace  until  morning. 

Grave  Robbers.— When  the  body  of  Roger 
Williams  was  removed  to  a  new  resting-place,  it 
was  found  that  an  apple  tree  which  had  stood  at 
his  head,  had  struck  its  roots  down  deep  into  the 
■very  coffin  itself;  which  had  finally  mouldered 
away.  The  main  stem  had  curved  back  of  tlie 
skull,  then  branched  at  the  shoulders  and  run 
<Jown  the  two  arms  to  the  fingers.  A  strong  root 
ran  down  the  back  bone  again  dividing  until  it 
reached  the  feet,  where  the  fibres  curved  u])ward. 
The  whole  outline  of  the  founder  of  Rhode 
Island  lay  outlined  in  apple  tree  roots,  which 
had  literally  absorbed  the  man.  The  tree  had 
been  full-fruited  and  flourisiiing  for  many  a  year, 
and  now  the  question  is,  who  ate  Roger  Williams? 


On  the  3d  of  July,  1SG!.1,  a  large  white  oak, 
measuring  twenty-seven  feet  in  circumference  at 
three  feet  from  the  ground,  during  a  high  gale  of 
■wind  was  uprooted.  A  short  time  afterward  the 
immense  stump  was  removed  preparatory  to 
leveling  the  ground.  The  hole  that  the  extracted 
root  left  measured  seven  feet  in  depth  and  thirty- 
three  in  circumference.  Four  feet  below  the 
bottom  of  this  hole,  or  eleven  feet  from  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground,  was  found  a  very  rude  stone 
a,xe  entangled  in  a  mass  of  fibrous  roots  that  had 
been  cut  ofl'  from  the  main  roots  of  tlie  tree.  In 
this  case  tlie  axe  must  have  been  buried  in  the 
earth  before  this  old  tree  was  an  acorn.  Now  as 
to  the  age  of  the  tree  :  There  were  not  less  tlian 
five  hundred  rings  clearly  to  be  traced  on  a  sec- 
tion of  the  tree  afterwards. 


JOHN   HO^WABD. 


John  Howard,  the  philanthropist,  married  his 
landlady,  Mrs.  Sarah  Loidon,  an  elderiv  widow, 
and  altiiough  she  remonstrated  witli  lilra  ui^on 
the  impropriety  of  the  step,  considering  the 
great  disparity  of  their  ages — he  being  in  his 
twenty-fifth,  and  she  in  her  fifty-second  year — 


See  What  You  Sign.— We  look  with  surprise 
on  the  many  instances  of  swindling  among 
farmers,  because  they  sign  their  names  unguard- 
edly to  an  innocent-looking  paper  in  the  hands 
of  a  wily  stranger.  But  the  country  has  not 
the  monopoly  of  careless  signers.  A  man  in  a 
large  town  resolved  to  prove  this.  He  drew  up 
a  petition  to  the  Legislature,  asking  to  have  the 
jiastor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  hung  in  the 
public  square.  He  laid  it  on  his  office  table,  and 
asked  visitors  to  "sign  a  petition  favoring  the 
widening  of  Oswego  street."  Most  who  were 
asked  signed  promptly  without  reading,  among 
them  two  deacons  of  tiie church,  and  the  pastor's 
son-in-law.  A  large  list  of  signers  was  obtained 
before  the  f\tcts  leaked  out.  Then  the  men  came 
back,  one  by  one,  and  sheepishly  asked  to  cross 
their  names  ofl'.  "  Oh,  yes.  Scratch  them  oft'," 
said  the  gentleman,  "  if  you  do  not  want  the 
pastor  hung." 

The  Earthquake. — Baron  Humbolt  thus  des- 
cribes his  first  experience  of  an  earthquake: 
"  The  shock  came  after  a  strange  stillness.  It 
caused  an  earthquake  in  my  mind,  for  it  over- 
threw all  my  lifelong  notions  about  the  stability 
of  the  earth.  The  crocodiles  ran  from  the  river 
Orinoco,  howling  into  the  woods.  The  dogs  and 
jiigs  were  powerless  with  fear.  The  houses  could 
not  shelter,  for  they  were  falling  to  ruins,  j 
turned  to  the  trees;  but  they  were  overthrown, 
'file  next  thought  was  to  mil  to  the  mountains; 
lint  they  reeled  like  drunken  men.  I  then 
looked  toward  the  sea,  but,  lo!  it  had  fled. 
Ships,  which  a  few  minutes  before  were  in  deep 
water,  rocked  on  the  sand.  Being  then  at  my 
wits-end,  I  looked  up  and  observed  that  the 
heavens  alone  Were  calm  and  unshaken."  The 
mild  earthquake  which  lately  visited  us  un- 
settled the  minds  of  many  with  regard  to  the 
stability  of  things  in  much  the  same  way. 


By  the  Pixe  Knot  La.mp.— The  late  distin- 
guished politician,  and  man  of  large-hearted 
benevolence,  Thurlow  Weed,  always  had  a  warm 
side  for  young  men,  whom  he  endeavored  to 
incite  to  self-improvement,  by  stating  incidents 
in  his  own  early  history.  Sap  gathering  and 
sugar  making  are  not  considered  favorable  to 
literary  pursuit,  but  young  Weed  managed  to 
get  through  with  a  good  many  valuable  books  in 
tlie  sugar  season.  "During  the  day,"  he  said, 
"  I  \yould  lay  in  a  good  supply  of  fat  pine,  by 
the  light  of  wliieh  I  have  passed  many  a  delight- 
ful night  in  the  sugar  camp  reading.  I  remein- 
ber  in  this  way  to  have  read  a  history  of  the 
French  Revolution,  and  to  have  obtained  from  it 
a  better  and  more  enduring  knowledge  of  its 
events  and  horrors,  than  I  have  received  from  all 
subsequent  readings." 

The  long  evenings  are  nere  again,  ana  the 
boys  who  spend  them  in  profitable  reading  will 
lie  the  mer  of  mark  in  the  next  generation. 


MINIATURE    machinery. 

Arnold,  the  Loudon  watchmaker,  constructed 
a  watch  for  (Jeorge  III,  which  was  set  in  a  finger 
ring;  but  this  was  nothing  uncommon,  for  the 
Emperor  Charles  V.,  as  well  as  James  I.,  of 
England,  had  similar  ornaments  in  the  jewels  of 
tlieir  rings,  and  this  species  of  mechanism  is 
sometimes  witnessed,  on  a  large  scale,  in  the 
bracelets  of  ladies.  In  Iluljy's"  Museum  notice 
is  taken  of  an  exhibition  at  the  house  of  one 
Boverick,  a  watchmaker  in  the  Strand  (1745),  at 
whicli  were  shown,  among  other  things,  the 
following  curiosities  :  1st. — The  furniture  of  a 
dining-room,  with  two  persons  seated  at  dinner, 
and  a  footman  in  waiting,  tlie  whole  capalile  of 
being  enclosed  in  a  cherry  stone.  2d. — A  landau 
in  ivory,  with  four  persons  inside,  two  postillions, 
a  driver,  and  six  horses,  the  whole  fully  mounted 
and  habited,  and  drawn  by  a  flea.     3d. — A  four- 


wheel,  open  chaise,  equally  perfect,  and  weighing 
only  one  grain.  Another  London  exhibition, 
about  the  same  time,  constructed  of  ivorv  a  tea- 
table,  fully  equipped,  with  urn,  teapot,  cups  and 
saucers,  tlie  whole  being  contained  in  a  Barceleona 
filbert  shell.  " 

obnamental  gardening  in  japan. 

Except  in  the  gardens  of  the  Buddhist  Mon- 
astery of  Hangtse  in  China,  I  have  never  seea 
anything  approaching  in  singularitv  to  these  pro- 
ductions, but  the  gardeners  of  Tokivo  are  far 
more  daring  than  the  monks.  Bushes  and 
shrubs,  cut  into  the  life-size  resemblances  of 
men  and  women,  are  equipped  with  faces  of 
painted  wood  or  paper,  the  clothes,  fans,  or 
weapons  being  formed  of  carefully  trained  leaves 
anil  flowers,  which  fall  in  artistic  draperies  of 
delightfully  harmonized  colors.  In  one  scene 
a  tree  represents  a  monster  fan,  two  others  a 
liridge,  witu  a  sliip  passing  underneath  it,  then 
a  landscape  with  a  ]iieiiie,  and  a  setting  sun  of 
gold-colored  chrysanthemunis  is  wonderfully 
executed.  Chinese  women  walking,  and  animals, 
especially  hares  and  rabbits,  are  also  represented  • 
by  this  singular  art.  Scenes  from  well-known 
plays  are  the  most  enduringly  popular  of  all 
these  scenes,  and  one  of  the  mvthie  heroes  of 
Japan,  shown  in  combat  with  an  eight-headed 
monster,  while  the  lady,  for  whom  he  is  fighting, 
sits  apart,  clothed  in  red,  yellow,  and  white 
chrysanthemums,  the  whole  forming  a  landscape 
over  thirty  feet  long,  is  always  the  centre  of  joy- 
ous crowds  in  late  October,  when  the  sun  is  warm 
and  the  air  is  still. —  Unbeaten  Tracks  in  Japan. 


Dr.  Charles  R.  Darwin,  grandson  of  the  author 
of  "The  Botanic  Garden/'  and  "  Loonomia," 
was  born  in  lSO!t.  He  showed  at  an  early  age 
great  capacity  as  a  naturalist.  In  1.S59  he  pub- 
lished the  "Origin  of  Species  by  means  of  Natural 
Selection  ;  the  Preservation '  of  the  Favored 
Haoes  in  the  Struggle  of  Life."  This  book  had 
hardly  been  published  when  it  was  found  that  a 
great  crisis  had  been  reached  in  the  history  of 
science  and  of  thought.  Mr.  Darwin's  central 
idea  was  that  the  various  species  of  plants  and 
animals,  instead  of  each  being  especially  created 
and  inimitable,  -are  continually  undergoing 
modification  and  change,  through  a  process  of 
adaptation,  by  virtue  of  which  such  varieties  of 
the  species  as  are  in  any  way  better  fitted  for  the 
rough  work  of  the  struggle  tor  existence,  are 
enabled  to  survive  and  multiply,  at  the  expense 
of  the  others.  Mr.  Darwin  considers  this  prin- 
ciple, with,  indeed,  some  other  and  less  impor- 
tant causes,  capable  of  explaining  the  manner  in 
which  all  existing  types  may  have  descended 
from  one  or  a  very  few  low  forms  of  life.  All 
animals,  beasts,  birds,  reptiles,  and  insects  have 
descended,  he  contends,  from  a  verv  limited 
numberof  progenitors,  and  he  holds  that  analogy 
points  to  the  belief  that  all  animals  and  plants, 
whatever,  have  descended  from  one  common 
prototype.— i//s<o;-j/  of  Our  Own  Times. 


THE  PEACH. 


The  peach  belongs  to  the  rose  f\imilv  {rosarea), 
and  is  closely  allied  to  the  almond.  "It  is  gener- 
ally regarded  as  a  .short-lived  tree,  but  iii"  a  ge- 
nial soil  and  climate  it  lives  to  a  good  age,  there 
being  in  'Virginia  trees  that  were  planted  seventy 
years  ago,  and  in  France  a  vigorous  tree  that  is 
known  to  be  ninety -five  years  old.  There  are  a 
number  of  ornamental  varieties  of  the  jieach, 
among  the  best  known  of  which  are  several 
double  sorts,  which  produce  a  profusion  of  flowers 
as  double  as  roses;  one  of  these,  the  Camellia 
Flowered,  is  especially  beautiful.  Some  of  them 
bear  fruit  of  an  indifli'erent  quality.  The  dwarf 
varieties  are  curious  producing  fruit  when  one  or 
two  feet  high ;  one  of  these,  the  Golden  Dwarf. 
originated  in  Georgia,  another  is  Italian,  and 
others  are  Australian.  The  Weeping  Peach 
originated  witli  the  late  William  Reid,  of  Eliza- 
beth, New  Jersey,  and  bears  his  name.  When 
grafted  on  a  plum  stock  six  feet  high,  the  bran- 
ches hang  down  like  those  of  the  Weeping 
Willow.  It  produces  an  abundance  of  fruit, 
which,  however,  is  fit  only  for  cooking.  A  blood- 
leaved,  or  purple-leaved 'variety  of  the  peach  is 
very  .showy  in  the  S]iring,  but  the  leaves  do  not 
retain  their  dark  purple  during  the  summer. 
The  Peen-to  or  Flat  Peach  of  China  has  its 
fruit  so  singularly  compressed  that  the  ends  of 
the  stone  are  only  covered  by  the  skin,  the  flesh 
being  all  at  the  s"ide. — Appleton's  Encyclopedia. 


r  #%      ■        QCAMBBS.     \^  ■"%  A%  Wl  b  ^^ 


SMALL  FKUIT 

CLASS. 


_  ^^  _    _  BEST  STOC 

'^'^ ^.Hfif^S:  J-*'^  T'>  DEALEKS  ANI>  PLANTERS.     EVERTTllLNt 
FKEE  CAT ALOGIIBS.    CEO.  S.  JOWSELY.N.  FREI>OxiA7N.  Y. 


ST  STOCKk 
OH  THE  I 
rOBLD    I 

LNC  FIRStJ 


12 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


"Vol.  X'V.,  ITo.  Ill- 


CONTENTS  OF  THIS  NUMBER. 

Page   1.— Golden  Opporiunlties  In  the  Soutb,  by  Joseph, 
Page  2.-Bean9  in  Place  ot  Meat,  by  B-Eans. 


Garden 
Gathering 


Page  S.- 


Page 4.- 


Page 


Page 


Implements,  by  N.  J.  Shepherd. 

Corn,  by  John  M.  Slahl. 
-Facts  a'nd  Figures  in  regard  to  Tenants  in  the 

South,    bv'W.   E  Collins.      No  Excellence 

Without  Labor. 
-Winter  Worlc,  bv  E.  E.  Ke.\ford.    Preparing 

tor  Early  Gardening.  Early  Beets  and  Rad- 
ishes, by  Thos.  D.  Baird. 
5.-PlanMingaYoungOrchard,byL.H.  Bailey,  Jr. 

Some  Questions  from  New  Zealand,  by  Clias. 

Ryley. 
6.— Our  Flower  Garden. 
Page  7. -Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 
Page  S.— Live  Stoclc.    Creamery  Butter.    Stocli  Notes. 
Page  9.-The   Poultry    Yard.    Providing  a  Supply  of 

Green  Food.  Breeding  Standard  Fowls.  The 

Grnivth  of  Young  Chicks. 
Page  10.— The  Household. 
Page  II.— Odds  and  Ends. 
Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 
Page  13  -Clippings. 

a>age  H.— Correspondence.    Experiences  with  Frauds. 
Page  1.5.— First  Signs  of  Winter. 
Page  16.— A  Collection.  


CDIIIOI^IALi    (sOMMBNiP. 


Bv  a  special  ai-ransemeiit  with  the  publishers 
of  the  Nome  and  Farm  we  are  enabletl  to  offer  it 
with  The  Fakm  and  Gauden  for  the  low  price 
of  7.5  cents.  It  is  a  semi-monthly  jiaper,  and 
very  ably  edited.     Try  it  for  the  year. 


Keep  the  plou,5h  going  in  fair  weather. 

Provide  the  neces.sary  surface  di'ainage  for  your 
plowed  fields,  and  thus  prevent  waslies  during 
freshets  or  floods  in  spring. 

Do  not  neglect  your  young  orchards.  A  coat 
of  whitewasli  or  of  fresh  blood  will  protect  them 
from  the  attacks  of  rabbits. 

Your  strawberry  bed  needs  mulching  as  soon 
as  the  gi'ound  is  frozen  hard. 


Kovemher.  The  earth,  during  the  season  just 
pa.ssed,  has  been  a  true  friend  and  faithful  servant 
to  man.  It  has  laljored  hard  and  produced 
heavily.  Now  comes  a  season  of  rest,  to  which 
It  is  justly  entitled.  Trees  and  shrubs  have  de- 
nuded themselves  of  their  summer  ornaments. 
Sombre  hues  clothe  the  picture  formerly  bright- 
ened by  glossy  verdure;  drowsiness  has  taken 
the  jilace  of  freshness  and  sprightliness. 

Eartli,  after  a  long  struggle  and  mighty  exer- 
tions, needs  recuperation  as  well  as  man,  and  will 
find  it  in  the  long  and  deep  sleep  of  winter.  But 
the  farmer  is  not  ready  to  take  his  ease,  lie 
must  wake  while  nature  sleeps.  Upon  him  has 
fallen  the  care  for  the  domestic  animals,  tlie  task 
of  providing  their  feed  and  comfort  as  well  lis 
his  own.  He  must  keep  tlie  wheels  of  tlie  farm 
clock-woi-k  intact,  the  bearings  oiled,  ami  make 
every  necessary  ju-eparation  for  the  eartli's  re- 
awakening in  spring. 

The  election  this  month  will  absorb  a  deal  of 
interest,  naturally  and  |iro|ierly  so,  but  all  the 
excitement  and  turmoil  usually  attending  sucli 
an  occasion,  should  not  cause  you  to  neglect  your 
legitimate  work. 

Secure  your  corn  crop.     Husk   and  draw  the 

f olden  ears  to  your  cribs,  and  the  fodder  to  your 
am  or  sheds. "  Such  work  is  profitable  ;   politi- 
cal discussions  are  not. 

Fix  up  and  repair  your  stables  and  sheds; 
patch  leaky  roofs.  Make  the  doors  and  windows 
in  your  dwelling  tight.  The  cold  winds  and 
storms  are  upon  us. 

Take  good  care  of  your  stock,  and  give  them  a 
proper  coat  of  fat  for"  winter  protection.  Plenty 
of  good  bedding  saves  and  makes  good  manure. 
Animal  heat  can  be  kept  up  much  cheaper  by 
warm  stables  and  warm  bedding  tlian  merely  by 
feeding  grain.  Corn  is  more  costly  than  straw 
or  a  few  boards. 

We  have  always  seen  the  best  effects  of  manure 
when  applied  near  the  surface.  Use  fine  manure, 
barnyard  scrapings,  etc.,  as  a  top-dressing  for 
your  wheat  fields. 

Draw  a  few  loads  of  muck,  ary  soil,  or  road 
dust,  to  be  used  as  absorbents  in  privies  and 
stables. 

The  hen  house  floor  ought  to  be  covered  with 
a  few  inches  of  fresh  loam  or  muck,  the  inside 
whitewashed  once  more,  the  roosts  painted  with 
a  solution  of  carbolic  acid  or  with  kerosene. 

Gather  and  store  a  quantity  of  dry  forest  leaves 
for  bedding,  and  especially  for  the  hen  house 
floor  through  the  winter.  It  gives  the  hens  a 
chance  to  scratch,  not  only  among  the  leaves, 
but  also  in  the  ground  below  it,  which  this  cov- 
ering protects  from  freezing. 

A  large  manure  pile  is  the  beginning  of  a 
golden  harvest.  Prepare  a  compost  heap  and_  a 
heap  of  compost.  Empty  the  privy  and  mix  its 
contents  with  the  stable  manure. 

Plaster  is  a  good  absorbent. 

The  droppings  of  fattening  hogs  are  nearly  as 
valuable  as  poultry  manure.  Save  them  care- 
fully. Mi.'ced  with  the  hen  manure  and  with 
muck  or  loam,  tliey  make  one  of  the  best  fertili- 
zers for  the  garden.  Apply  as  a  top-dressing  in 
spring,  after  plowing. 


Clover  and  timothy  are  standard  hays,  and 
when  used  togetlier  make  excellent  feeding.  As 
grain  is  usually  allowed  to  stock  daily,  advantage 
may  be  taken  of  the  concentrated  grain  food  to 
adulterate  the  good  quality  of  hay  with  other 
kinds  that  may  not  be  so  highly  relished  when 
fed  alone.  Hay  not  only  is  in  itself  nutritious, 
but  also  bulky,  and  distends  the  stomach,  which 
is  a  natural  requsite  to  proper  digestion,  as  grain 
without  hay  or  some  other  bulky  matter  would 
be  insufficient.  There  is  no  reason  why  straw, 
the  tops  of  cornstalks,  or  even  the  whole  stalk, 
should  not  be  mixed  with  the  best  hay,  and  thus 
made  usefnl.  Stock  will  pick  from  the  food  the 
good  and  reject  the  bad,  but  much  depends  on 
the  projier  jireparation.  We  have  called  atten- 
tion to  the  importance  of  cutting  all  coarse  ma- 
terial into  sliort  lengths  by  passing  it  through  a 
fodder  and  hay  cutter,  one  that  has  a  contrivance 
for  cutting  and  crushing,  as  a  matter  of  economy. 
If  food  is  thus  )irepared,  then  moistened,  slighlly 
salted,  and  sjirinkled  with  meal  and  bran,  the 
stock  will  eat  up  clean  anything  that  can  be 
made  serviceable,  and  the  clover  and  timothy 
will  not  give  out  before  spring,  as  is  often  the 
<'ase.  So  far  as  the  labor  of  preparation  is  con- 
cerned, this  is  the  time  to  utilize  it,  and  a  large 
quantity  could  be  cut  in  a  day.  Without  estima- 
ting the  actual  feeding  value,  it  is  safe  to  say 
that  a  variety  of  hay  or  other  long  food  is  always 
lietter  than  feeding  "stock  exclusively  on  a  single 
kind.  

Let  us  protect  the  purity  of  our  own  homes, 
which  is  dearer  to  us  than  all  party  afliliations. 
If  by  sui)porting  a  partisan  country  jiaper  we 
have"  sheltered  on  our  bosom  a  viper,  whose 
venomous  breath  has  polluted  the  pure  atmos- 
phere of  our  homes,  and  endangered  the  blissful 
innocence  and  ignorance  of  our  little  ones,  we 
must  fiing  it  from  us.  Thieves,  robbers,  mur- 
derers even,  are  angels  compared  with  these 
wholesale  corrupters  of  jniblic  morals,  who  deal 
out  a  deadly  poison  in  small  but  effective  daily 
or  weekly  do.ses,  nho  familiarize  the  minds  of 
the  young  with  lies,  slander,  and  filth.  God 
forbid  that  we  become  a  nation  of  liars;  but  the 
press  aflbrds  us  a  good  schooling  in  that  direction. 
Extreme  remedies  are  necessary  in  extreme  evils. 
If  vour  daily  or  weekly  papers  are  of  that  class, 
that  you  would  not  have  your  children  read  it, 
if  it  lias  insulted  yon  by  appealing  to  your  preju- 
dices or  vour  sujiposed  ignorance,  protect  your 
family  aiid  resent  the  insult.  Write  to  the  pub- 
lisher":— "Stop  my  papei-.  I  and  my  family  do 
not  want  your  lies,  nor  your  filth.  Your  slieet 
is  soaked  in  rank  poison."  Keform  for  the  press 
— protection  to  innocence. 


It  is  a  popular  error  that  the  drainage  is  al- 
ways the  more  thorough  the  deeper  tlie  ditches 
are' dug.  Where  a  thin  stratum  of  fertile  surface 
soil,  say  not  more  than  12  or  18  inches  deep,  is 
underlaid  by  a  clay  subsoil  impervious  to  water, 
it  is  only  necessary  to  lay  the  drain  down  int<y 
the  "hard  pan,"  and  a  depth  of  2J  or  3  feet 
would  answer  the  same  purpose  as  one  of  4  feet. 
The  former  depth  means  a  saving  of  labor  and 
expense.  A  good  tile  drain  should  do  service 
for  a  good  many  years,  but  much  depends  on  the- 
way  it  is  constructed.     Neglect  there  is  ruinous. 


"  When  Le  Due's  successor,  Loring,  isn't 
drawing  his  salary  he  is  making  stump  speeches, 
— Philadelphia  Times. 

The  above  criticism  is  rather  devoid  of  charity. 
Tlie  commissioner's  wards  can  have  no  reason  to 
find  fault,  if  he  would  give  them,  in  addition  to 
the  reliable  pumpkin  and  squash  seeds,  occa- 
sionally a  little  reliable  information,  though 
farmers  might  like  it  still  better  if  that  infor- 
mation were  more  of  an  agricultural  and  less  of 
a  political  character. 


People  in  the  South  are  now  setting  fruit  trees. 
We  wi.sh  to  remind  them  that  thrifty  trees,  two, 
or  at  most,  three  years  old  are  the  best,  and  far 
preferable  to  older  ones.  Plant  them  as  carefully 
as  you  would  set  cabbage  or  tomato  plants.  Trees- 
should  be  set  exactly  as  they  stood  in  the  nursery, 
as  well  in  regard  to" depth  as  to  the  points  of  the 
compass.  In'our  Eastern  States  the  tops  of  young: 
trees  are  generally  inclined  towards  the  east,  ana 
should  be  replanted  in  the  same  way. 


There  is  no  better  time  for  ditching  and  under- 
draining  your  fields  than  autumn,  when  the 
weather  is' cool  enough  to  permit  a  solid  day's 
work  when  the  ground  is  comparatively  dry  and 
labor  cheap.  But  we  would  emphasize  that,  un- 
less such  work  is  done  we//,  it  is  hardly  worth 
doing. at  all.  The  majority  of  drains  are  ser- 
viceable only  for  a  very  few  years.  Slighting 
important  work  is  highly  unprofitable. 

Tile  is  perhaps  the  best.  Next  comes  stone 
drain  or  Ixiard  trough.  In  any  case,  however, 
there  should  be  a  good  grade  and  a  solid  founda- 
tion in  the  bottom  of  the  ditch.  Boards  are  gofid 
for  this  purpose.  The  tile  should  be  laid  with 
great  care,  so  as  to  have  the  openings  connect, 
and  every  ditch  filled  up  with  small  stones,  peb- 
bles, etc.,  to  within  15  or  18  inches  from  the  sur- 
face, ami  protected  with  straw  or  weeds  against 
stoppage  by  loose  soil. 


Seedsmen  and  nurserymen  are  preparing  their 
catalogues  for  spring  distribution.  Let  them 
remember  our  advice  to  be  moderate  in  their 
statements.  In  givin.g  their  lists  they  should 
always  designate  which  variety  is  early,  which 
medium,  and  which  late.  As  a  rule,  the  lan- 
guage used  in  describing  varieties  is  anything- 
but  concise.  Let  us  know  in  plain  words  what 
kinds  are  considered  the  best  and  most  reliable. 


Cuttings  of  currants  and  gooseberries  can  now- 
be  made.  Take  this  year's  wood,  cut  in  pieces- 
six  or  eight  inches  long,  and  plant  in  nursery 
rows,  a  few  inches  apart,  with  all  but  oneeyeeach 
above  ground.  Pack  the  soil  tight  around  the- 
cuttings  and  mulch,  or  tie  them  in  bundles  and 
bury  them  in  sand  in  your  cellar  until  spring. 


The  "  Economical  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Drier," 
manufactured  in  Meehanicsburg,  Pa.,  consists  of 
a  set  of  travs  or  sieves  held  by  a  metal  frame  to- 
be  placed  "in  the  oven  of  d  common  kitchen 
range.  Much  otherwise  wasted  heat  may  thereby 
be  utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  evaporated 
fruits  and  vegetables. 


In  accordance  with  the  custom  of  the  puldish- 
ers  of  this  paper,  a  special  edition  and  piemiuni 
list  of  3.50,000  copies  of  The  Farm  and  Gar- 
den will  be  mailed  in  December  of  this  year. 
A  number  of  our  subscribers  whose  time  expires 
with  December,  will  receive  this  premium  num- 
ber free.  

The  Farm  and  Garden  has  consistently  re- 
fused all  doubtful  or  humbug  advertisements. 
This  has  made  it  one  of  the  most  valuable  medi- 
ums for  advertisers  conducting  a  legitimate- 
business.  

In  a  few  days  after  the  receipt  of  this  paper 
the  farmers  of  this  country  will  be  called  upott 
to  take  part  in  a  presidential  election.  Thht. 
Farm  and  Garden  has  no  views  as  to  the- 
merits  of  the  candidates  and  parties  in  contest, 
but  desires  that  every  one  of  its  readers  should 
have.  It  is  the  duty  of  every  honest  man  to  take- 
an  active  part  in  politics  and  make  himself  felt. 
Vote,  and  vote  intelligently  on  November  4th. 


Keep  vour  sheeji.  The  low  price  of  wool 
caused  by  a  general  stagnation  of  business,  is 
merely  accidental  and  not  a  permanent  institu- 
tion. By  crowding  your  .sheep  on  an  unwilling 
market,  von  only  double  your  loss.  Wool  and 
slicep  will  rise  in  price  again.  There  is  no  rea- 
son for  a  )ianic  or  stampede.  An  over  production 
of  wo<il  is  not  til  lie  feared.  The  low  price  of 
wool  and  woolen  goods,  however,  should  be  a 
stimulus  to  consumption,  and  if  it  were  to  lead 
to  a  general  adoption  of  the  habit  of  wearing 
woolen  underwear,  the  loss  to  the  wool  jiroducer 
would  result  in  increased  comfort  and  better 
I  health  of  the  population  generally. 


The  interest  of  manufacturers  and  farmers  in 
this  country  are  the  same,  and  it  is  a  mistake 
to  think  tliat  any  change  on  tlie  tarifl'  which 
would  inpire  manufacturers  \vould  help  the  far- 
mers. What  both  farmer  and  manufacturer  need 
is  a  pruning  from  the  tariff  lists  of  all  duties  not 
protective  to  American  industries  The  injustice 
and  oddities  of  the  present  tarifl  are  the  chief 
reasonable  arguments  against  it. 


Each  year  as  the  fall  months  come  around  our 
subscriptions  show  a  satisfactory  increase.  In 
December  of  this  year  a  large  number  of  our 
subscriptions  expire.  Let  us  ask  each  one  who- 
reads  this  to  look  up  the  date  his  subscription- 
ends,  and  renew  it  witn  a  few  new  names. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


13 


(Clippings. 


is  our  desire  to  make  these  so  full  and  varied  that  every 
■reader  of  The  Farm  and  Garden,  even  Ihonnh  he  takes 
no  other  paper  can  feel  in  a  measure  acquainted  loith  all 
4he  leading  publicalians. 


Ih-om  "Our  Country  Home,"  Oreenjield,  3fass. 
MANURE  FOR  NOTHING. 

We  will  not  discusa  tUe  merits  or  demerits  of  the  so- 
called  phosphates.  They  have  a  place  in  agriculture. 
We  want  to  point  out  how  manure  may  be  had  for 
nothing,  and  the  substances  almost  entirely  those  which 
are  purchased  under  the  different  brands  as  phosphates, 
superphosphates,  and  guanos.  Our  special  manure  is 
known  in  the  market  as  "  middlings,"  some  people  call 
It  '■  ship  stuffs."  It  can  be  bought  now  for  about  $22  per 
ton.  It  will  not  only  promote  life  when  fed  to  animals, 
but  it  will  make  growth,  and  recent  experiments  by 
Prof.  Sanborn  have  shown  that  it  will  make  growth 
«qual  to,  if  not  better  than  corn.  It  is  first  class  to  make 
milk  when  fed  to  cows,  and  it  is  superior  to  make  pigs 
grow;  in  fact,  it  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  foods  for 
them.  It  is  the  general  purpose  food  more  than  any 
other,  unless  it  is  oats.  After  being  fed,  and  doing  its 
part  to  increase  the  income  of  the  farmer  in  promoting 
growth— as  excrement,  manure— it  Is  worth  all  it  cost. 
It  pays  for  itself  as  food,  and  then  again  as  a  fertilizer. 
Plenty  of  cows  and  lots  of  middlings  for  them,  means 
free  manure  and  better  crops. 


A.  O.  Lewis,  in  '•  Gardeners'  Monthlii"  Fhilad'a. 
CULTURE  OP  AMARTLLIS. 

I  have  been  very  successful  in  the  culture  of  Amaryllis, 
and  offer  my  experience  for  the  benefit  of  the  readers 
of  the  aardeners'  Montlily.  I  have  some  almost  in  bloom 
through  the  whole  summer  months. 

In  October  I  put  the  pots  on  a  hanging  shelf  in  the 
cellar,  and  water  about  once  a  month  until  February, 
when  I  shake  out  of  the  pots,  and  reset  in  the  same  pots 
with  fresh  earth.  It  rarely  requires  a  large  pot  to  get  a 
good  blooming  bulb.  Four  inches  is  large  enough  for 
most  kinds.  After  repotting  I  put  them  on  the  shelf 
again,  and  water  once  a  week  until  about  the  20th  of 
May,  when  I  place  the  pots  out  of  doors  in  sun  or  shade 
as  most  convenient.  In  a  few  days  they  begin  to  bloom, 
and  some  of  them  throw  up  flowers  several  times  during 
the  season.  I  have  a  number  of  varieties,  and  they  give 
me  as  much  pleasure  as  any  flower  I  grow.  As  the 
flowers  open  I  take  the  pots  into  the  house,  where  the 
flowers  are  always  admired.  For  day  or  night  decora- 
tion nothing  can  be  grander,  and  they  always  excite 
admiration.  For  those  who  have  no  greenhouses  they 
are  just  the  thing. 


throwing  over  each  hill  or  plant  a  fork  full  of  manure, 
or  drawing  up  a  bank  of  earth  over  them,  and  drawing 
it  away  in  the  spring. 

We,  like  all  other  fruit  growers,  are  not  particularly 
driveu  in  the  fall,  while  in  the  spring  we  are  badly 
worked,  hardly  knowing  which  job  to  do  first,  and 
hence  the  more  we  can  do  in  the  fall  the  better  shape 
our  work  is  in  In  the  spring,  and  lastly,  fall  set  plants 
will  make  a  much  better  growth  than  those  set  in  the 
spring,  and  yield  a  much  better  crop  the  first  bearing 
year.  We  do  not,  however,  recommend  setting  in  the 
fall  on  naturally  wet  ground. 


From  "American,"  Watfrbury,  CbmL 

THE  DEADLY  TEAPOT. 
"  While  good  temperance  people  are  decrying  liquor," 
said  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the  city,  as  he  came 
into  his  office,  erased  the  information  of  his  previous 
whereabouts  from  his  slate,  and  tipped  back  in  his  easy 
chair, "  they  seldom  stop  to  think  how  much  harm  is 
being  done  by  the  abuse  of  a  beverage  to  which  many  of 
them  are  devoted.  I  just  came  from  attending  the  case 
of  a  nve-year-old  babe  who  is  ruined  for  life  by  the  pa- 
rents indulging  it  in  tea-drinking.  The  child  became 
very  nervous  and  dyspeptic,  and  they  sent  for  me.  I 
asked  them  how  much  tea  the  child  drank.  "About  two 
cups  at  each  meal  and  several  between  meals,"  was  the 
repl.v.  "  You  see,"  the  doctor  continued,  "they  let  the 
teapot  stand  on  the  stove  all  day.  Thus  the  tannic  acid 
is  extracted,  which  serves  to  turn  the  linings  of  the 
stomach  into  leather,  and  brings  on  dyspepsia  and  kin- 
dred diseases.  Yes,  there  are  hundreds  of  women, 
young  girls  and  aged  women,  and  occasionally  a  man, 
who  have  completely  ruined  their  nervous  systems  by 
the  excessive  use  of  common  tea.  It  will  be  a  blessing 
to  mankind  when  a  temperance  crusade  can  spare  wind 
from  its  attack  on  alcohol  to  assail  tea.  Prominent 
Christian  people  and  all  classes  of  people  are  addicted 
to  the  habit,  and  thousands  are  languishing  to-day  in 
consequence.  Very  excessive  use  of  tobacco  acts  some- 
what in  the  same  way.  But  I  believe  the  greater  gene- 
ral evil  lurks  in  the  tea,  because  it  happens  to  be  in  favor 
with  the  best  of  people— best  as  regards  popular  opinion, 
but  among  the  worst  from  a  medical  point  of  view." 


from  thirty  to  sixty  cows,  and  they  may  select  a  like 
number  and  bi  eed  them  to  Short-horn  bulls  and  we  will 
breed  ours  to  Hereford  bulls. 

A  given  quantity  of  land  shall  be  set  aside  for  each 
herd,  and  they  may  state  the  quantity  of  land  to  be  so 
used,  and  the  herds  shall  be  kept  from  such  product  aa 
shall  be  taken  from  or  grazed  upon  the  land  so  selected. 
Messrs.  Gaines  &  Son  may  use  the  land  and  handle  the 
cattle  in  such  manner  or  lor  such  crops  as  they  deem 
best,  and  we  will  do  the  same.  Believing  that  these 
breeds  are  of  value  as  they  are  able  to  transmit  their 
quality  and  cliaracter  upon  their  produce  when  crossed 
upon  the  common  or  native  cattle  of  the  country,  we 
should  be  glad  to  have  the  Messrs.  Gaines  join  with  us 
in  selecting  a  given  immber  of  cows  that  shall  be  two 
years  old  next  spring,  of  any  grade  or  quality  they  may 
choose,  within  the  following  limits,  say;  One-third  of 
the  number  shall  be  a  good  claso  of  Texas  cows,  one- 
third  good  common  cows  without  any  known  breeding, 
and  one-third  good  grade  Short-horns;  and  these  to  be 
divided  equally,  Messrs.  Gaines  selecting  the  first  and 
we  the  second,  drawing  alternately  until  the  division 
shall  be  made. 

Starting  with  such  herds,  the  cows  shall  have  service 
commencing  with  the  1st  of  June  in  each  year,  and  the 
entire  bullock  produce  shall  be  shown  at  the  Fat-Stock 
Show  in  the  fall  of  each  year  after  they  are  two  years 
old,  and  sold  at  that  time.  The  draft  cows  shall  be  mar- 
keted at  the  same  time,  and  these  shall  be  from  the 
original  herd  or  from  their  produce,  as  each  party  may 
select,  and  as  the  land  improves  and  becomes  capable  of 
carrying  a  greater  number  of  cattle,  the  cows  may  be 
increased,  if  either  party  shall  so  elect. 

The  expenses  of  working  the  land  and  handling  the 
cattle  shall  be  kept  correctly,  and  a  report  shall  be  made 
under  oath.  And  Messrs.  Gaines  and  ourselves  shall 
enter  into  an  engagement  that  the  experiment  shall  be 
carried  on  for  ten  years  from  next  spring,  to  wit.:  from 
April,  1885. 

Should  the  manner  of  selecting  the  cows  seem  ob- 
jectionable to  the  Messrs.  Gaines,  we  will  endeavor  to 
accommodate  ourselves  to  their  views,  though  we  would 
like  the  experiment  to  be  made  for  each  breed  to  be  aa 
like  as  possible.  T.  L.  Miller  Company. 


Fi-om  "American  Cidtivator,"  Boston,  Mass. 

Farmers  are  often  deceived  in  regard  to  the  values  of 
crops,  foods,  and  other  articles,  by  the  tabulated  state- 
ments of  their  chemical  constituents.  These  statements 
may  be  correct,  but  the  prevalence  of  a  great  quantity 
of  one  element  or  another  does  not  prove  that  the  arti- 
cle is  superior,  although  that  clement  may  be  of  all 
others  the  most  valuable.  There  are  other  matters  re- 
lating to  foods  and  fertilizers  of  more  importance  than 
the  mere  superabundance  of  certain  valuable  elements. 

The  mechanical  nature  of  the  material  which  affects 
cost  of  transportation  and  of  handling  on  the  farm, 
adaptability  to  certain  soils  and  exposures,  the  readiness 
with  which  foods  are  eaten  and  digested  by  man  or  ani- 
mals, and  numerous  other  accessory  conditions,  have 
usually  more  to  do  with  the  real  value  than  simple 
chemical  composition.  We  have  heard  the  potato  de- 
cried as  an  article  of  food  because  a  large  percentage  of 
It  is  made  up  of  water,  and  in  its  stead  was  recom- 
mended the  starch  and  other  valuable  elements  which 
It  contains  in  a  condensed  and  isolated  form.  This  ad- 
vice overlooks  the  fact  that  water  is  essential  to  human 
food,  and  the  more  important  fact  that  the  stomach 
must  contain  a  certain  amount  of  bulk  before  it  can  di- 
gest well.  ' 

From  "  Fruit  Recorder,"  Pcdmyra,  N.  Y, 

ALL  SETTING  OP  RASPBERRIES,    ETC. 

There  are  many  things  that  lavor  fall  setting  of 
raspberries  and  blackberries. 

First.— Ther.e  has  been  and  will  be  for  two  or  three 
years  to  come  an  immense  demand  for  plants,  and  the 
planters  at  the  north  not  getting  ready  to  plant  before 
the  latter  part  of  April  and  first  of  May,  have  found  it 
Impossible  to  find  plants,  while  if  such  had  set  In  the 
fall  they  would  have  had  a  fine  plantation  growing,  and 
not  been  disappointed  in  getting  plants. 

Second.— Tliere  is  more  time  to  do  it  and  do  it  well  in 
the  fall  than  spring,  and  by  being  done  then  the  work  is 
oft  from  one's  hands. 

Third.— By  being  set  in  the  fall  they  are  more  apt  to 
all  grow,  and  make  uniform  rows,  than  if  set  In  the 
spring,  and  to  make  a  much  larger  growth  the  first 
season. 

Fourth.— The  sprout  starts  early  in  the  spring,  and  by 
being  handled  Is  easily  broken  ofl,  while  if  set  in  the  fall 
this  is  not  done. 

We  are  most  decided  in  doing  our  setting  hereafter  In 
the  fall,  and  when  set  at  that  season  we  advise  either 


Fi-mn  "Evening  Post,"  New  York, 

LETTERS  THAT  GO  WRONG. 

Four  million  letters  fail  to  be  delivered  every  year 
because  of  defects  in  the  superscription-no  less  than 
ten  thousand  being  annually  mailed  without  any  address 
whatever! 

From  50  to  60  per  cent,  of  all  letters  forwarded  to  the 
Dead-Letter  Office  find  their  way  to  the  pei  son  for  whom 
they  are  intended,  or  are  sent  back  to  the  sender.  The 
others,  if  of  no  value,  are  destroyed.  That  so  many  let- 
ters, which  to  the  ordinary  observer  would  seem  totally 
unintelligible,  find  their  way  to  the  addresses  is  due  to 
the  care  which  Is  taken  to  exhaust  every  means  before 
giving  up  the  chase.  There  are  received  an  average  of 
about  1000  letters  daily,  which  have  been  forwarded  from 
postmasters  who  were  unable  to  read  the  writing  on  the 
envelope,  or  because  some  part  of  the  addre.'is  was  miss- 
ing. Sometimes  a  writer  will  forget  to  put  tlie  name  of 
the  town  on  the  letter  he  sends;  again  he  fails  to  desig- 
nate the  State.  Then  the  system  of  phonetic  spelling 
adopted  by  letter  writers  Is  extraordinary.  Virginia  was 
spelled  by  one  anxious  swain  "Furgeniar,"  while  an  En- 
glish writer  having  a  friend  in  Oswego,  Oswego  County, 
N.  Y'.,  addressed  the  letter  "Horse  Wiggar  Springs, 
Horse  Wiggar  County." 

Occasionally,  of  course,  a  letter  reaches  the  Dead-Let- 
ter Office  owing  to  the  incapacity  or  the  stupidity  of  the 
postmaster.  These  are  readily  forwarded  to  the  proper 
address,  and  the  careless  official  is  reprimanded.  Dr. 
Gregory,  of  the  Civil  Service  Commission,  who  is  con- 
stantly on  the  lookout  for  Intormation  that  would  be 
useful  to  him  in  his  duties,  yesterday  visited  the  ofllce, 
and  was  shown  its  workings. 

One  of  these  errors  on  the  part  of  a  country  postmas- 
ter was  pointed  out  to  him.  "That  man,"  said  Dr.  Greg- 
ory, "should  have  been  compelled  to  pass  a  civil-service 
examination,  and  he  would  not  have  made  such  a  mis- 
take." "That  postmaster,"  replied  the  official  conduct- 
ing the  Commissioner,  "  has  an  average  salary  of  53  per 
quarter,  and  would  probably  make  some  very  forceful. 
If  inelegant,  remarks  if  notified  that  he  would  be  re- 
moved if  not  more  careful."  Dr.  Gregory  thought  it 
would  be  difficult  to  find  a  successor  among  the  applica- 
tions on  file  with  the  Commission. 

Letters  having  contents  of  any  character  whatever 
are  carefully  recorded,  and  can  be  referred  to  at  any 
time.  Money  found  in  these  letters,  which  cannot  be  de- 
livered to  the  proper  persons,  is  turned  into  the  Treas- 
ury, where  It  can  be  obtained  by  the  owner  within  four 
years,  after  which  time  It  is  covered  into  the  Treasury, 
and  can  only  be  secured  by  act  of  Congeess. 


From  *^ Breeders  Gazette,"  Chicago,  III, 

THE  HEREFORD  PROPOSITION. 

■Si,-e  notice  In  your  Journ.^l  of  the  nth  a  proposition 
from  James  Gaines  &  Son,  of  Ridge  Farm,  Vermillion 
County,  111.,  to  test  the  merits  of  the  two  breeds  of  cat- 
tle, the  Shorthorns  and  Herefords. 

We  win  accept  the  challenge  II  the  conditions  on  which 
such  test  shall  be  made  can  be  arranged.   We  will  select 


Fr&m  "American  Agriculturist,"  New  York, 
OUB  SLEEPING  BOOMS. 

A  physician  of  note  says,  "We  hear  a  great  talk  about 
malaria  now-a-days,  but  there  is  more  malaria  to  be 
found  In  most  modern  bedchambers  than  anywhere 
else."  Persons  who  are  moderately  intelligent  on  other 
topics,  appear  to  have  small  thought,  or  that  very  per- 
verted, on  the  subject  of  hygiene  in  their  sleeping  rooms, 
and  especially  those  occupied  by  children.  The  ventila- 
tion of  a  bedchamber  cannot  be  too  carefully  attended 
to;  and,  as  says  Horace  Mann,  "seeing  the  atmosphere 
is  forty  miles  deep  all  around  the  globe,  It  Is  a  useless 
piece  of  economy  to  breathe  it  more  than  once."  Y'et 
nine  mothers  out  of  ten  will  carefully  close  all  the  win- 
dows. "  for  fear  of  colds  and  night  air  "  and  leave  two 
or  three  children  to  sleep  in  a  stifling  atmosphere,  and 
see  no  connection  between  the  colds  and  throat  troubles 
they  have,  and  the  vitiated  air  she  compels  them  to 
breathe  night  after  night.  Let  the  morning  air  and 
sunshine  into  the  bedroom  as  soon  as  possible  after  the 
occupants  have  risen ;  and  if  there  is  no  sunshine,  and 
it  is  not  raining,  let  in  the  air.  Do  not  make  up  beds  too 
soon  after  they  are  vacated.  Y'ou  may  get  your  house 
tidied  sooner,  but  it  Is  neither  cleanly  nor  healthful  to 
snugly  pack  up  bed  clothing  until  the  exhalations  of  the 
sleepers'  bodies  have  been  removed  by  exposure  to  the 
air. 

Look  carefully  after  the  washstand  and  the  various 
utensils  belonging  thereto.  The  soap  dishes  and  tooth- 
brush mugs  cannot  be  kept  too  scrupulously  clean.  All 
slops  and  foul  water  should  be  emptied  very  promptly. 
Wash  out  and  sun  all  pitchers,  glasses,  and  whatever 
vessels  are  used  in  the  sleeping  room.  Never  allow 
water  or  stale  bouquets  of  flowers  to  stand  for  days  in 
the  spare  chamber  after  the  departure  of  a  guest.  Tow- 
els that  have  been  used  should  be  promptly  removed, 
and  no  soiled  clothing  allowed  to  hang  or  accumulate 
about  the  room.  Closets  opening  into  a  sleeping  apart- 
ment are  often  the  receptacles  of  soiled  clothes,  shoes, 
etc.,  and  become  fruitful  sources  of  bad  air,  particularly 
where  there  are  sm.ill  children.  After  .such  places  the 
housewife  should  look  with  a  keen  eye  for  objectionable 
articles,  and  remove  them  with  an  unsparing  hand.  I 
have  encountered  such  closets,  in  which  one  might  find 
all  the  odors  traditionally  belonging  to  the  city  of  Co- 
logne—any one  of  which  was  enough  to  suggest  ideas  of 
disease  germs. 

Even  so  innocent  a  piece  of  furniture  as  the  bureau 
may  by  carelessness  become  the  recipient  of  articles 
which  may  taint  the  air  of  your  bedchamber.  Damp 
and  soiled  combs  and  brushes  are  not  only  unsightly 
and  disgusting,  but  lying  soiled  and  unalred  from  day  to 
day,  will  certainly  contribute  to  evil  air  and  odors,  as 
will  also  greasy  and  and  highly-scented  hair  ribbons, 
etc.  Never  lay  freshly  laundried  clothesjupon  the  bed, 
nor  air  the  same  in  your  bedroom.  If  possible  to  do  so 
elsewhere.  Do  not  hesitate  to  light  a  fire  on  cool  morn- 
ings and  evenings;  and  if  so  fortunate  as  to  have  an 
open  fireplace,  yon  possess  a  grand  means  of  comfort 
and  ventilation  in  the  bedchamber. 


14 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


^OI^I^ESPOHDENGE. 


A  HAPPY  CHILDHOOD. 


By  Delta. 


To  be  born  into  a  happy  home,  and  to  spend 
the  first  dozen  years  of  one's  life  in  it,  is  better 
than  to  be  the  heir  of  millions  witliout  this  bless- 
ing. Parents  defraud  their  children  of  a  birth- 
right when  they  make  their  lives  liard  and  bitter 
and  miserable.  A  child  with  a  heart-ache,  is  a 
Bad  sight  indeed,  for  it  has  no  outlook  like  us 
older  people.  Life  is  all  one  disheartening 
"present"  in  its  imagination. 

Why  they  will  leave  the  farm,  is  often  the 
puzzle  and  plague  of  the  farmer,  with  reference 
to  his  sons.  Not  a  day  over  the  time  when  they 
are  permitted  to  leave,  will  many  of  them  stay 
on  the  old  home-place.  It  is  generally  consid- 
ered a  mark  of  the  total  depravity  of  the  age,  and 
the  dislike  of  its  youths  for  honest  work.  In 
nine  cases  ont  of  ten,  no  doubt,  tliey  leave  their 
home  because  it  was  not  made  a  pleasant  one  for 
their  childhood.  They  leave  father  in  his  old 
age  to  depend  on  liired  help,  because  he  was  a 
hard,  gras])ingman,  whom  they  could  not  respect, 
and  Ijecause  their  hearts  were  embittered  by  little 
frauds  which  they  were  powerless  to  resent. 

Too  many  fathers  act  on  the  principle  that  a 
child  is  entitled  to  no  privileges  wliicli  a  ])areut 
is  bound  to  respect.  They  will  give  a  boy  a  calf 
and  let  him  raise  it  and  attend  it  with  loving 
care,  and  when  it  is  old  enough  to  be  sold  to 
advantage,  a  dealer  takes  it  off,  and  father  puts 
the  money  in  his  own  pocket.  A  man  with  gray 
hairs  told  me  of  snch  a  transaction  in  liis  child- 
hood wliich  he  never  forgot.  He  had  Imught  tlie 
calf  by  the  sale  of  apples  wasting  in  the  tirchard. 
which  he  had  taken  through  the  village  frmn 
bouse  to  house,  carrying  the  bag  on  the  back  of 
an  old  liorse.  When  the  animal  was  half  grown, 
it  was  sold  with  the  other  young  cattle,  and  that 
was  the  last  of  it.  Of  course  the  father  rea.soned. 
a  boy  belongs  to  his  father,  and  so  do  all  his  pos- 
sessions. Yon  may  satisfy  your  own  mind  l)y 
such  sojiliistry,  but,  perhaps,  deep  down  in  your 
child's  iieart  may  be  a  sentiment  akin  to  that  of 
the  little  fellow  who  said  most  sorrowfully,  liut 
decidedly,  "  my  father  tells  lies."  He  may  pos- 
sibly think  "my  father  cheats."  It  is  not  goiul 
for  father,  or  child  either,  to  have  such  senti- 
ments held  under  the  l)ome  roof 


A  MATE  FOR  THE  CRESCENT 


Bn  Charles  S.  Rowley,  lit. 

For  some  time  I  have  been  on  the  lookout  for 
some  strawberry  that  would  be  a  good  partner 
for  the  celebrated  Crescent,  as  yon  know  the 
blossoms  of  the  Crescent  being  female,  they  re- 
quire a  male  planted  near  them.  We  want  a 
good,  strong  staminate  variety  for  the  imrpose  of 
producing  an  abundance  of  pollen  dust  ;  we  want 
also  a  variety  that  will  bloom  as  early  and  as 
plentifully  as'  the  Crescent ;  we  want  a  berry  that 
is  as  large  as  tlie  Crescent  is  when  it  first  comes, 
and  one"  that  will  hobl  out  in  productiveness 
with  that  most  wonderfully  ]irolilic  sort.  The 
two  kinds  should  also  be  somewhat  similar  in 
shape  and  color,  so  that  they  can  be  picked  and 
marketed  together  as  one  sort.  I  desire  to  inform 
you  that  I  have  found  the  desired  mate  for  the 
Crescent  Seedling,  and  it  is  the  Laeon  Strawberry. 

Now  I  do  not  ]u-etend  to  say  that  the  Lacon 
will  do  on  all  soils  and  in  all  places,  as  it  does 
here,  nor  do  I  propose  to  say  it  will  not,  as  there 
is  no  reason  to  suppose  so.  Nevertheless,  it  will 
be  in  order  now  to  tell  you  just  exactly  what  the 
Lacon  strawberry  is,  and  I  .shall  give  a  true  and 
correct  description  of  it,  the  veracity  of  which 
I  stand  prepared  to  prove  by  undisputed  evidence. 

"The  soil  upon  which  tlie  Lacon  has  achieved 
its  success  has  been  of  two  kinds,  a  sandy  soil 
and  a  dark,  rich,  black  loam.  It  has  been  in 
fruit  for  the  tenth  year,  and  during  tliat  entire 
time  has  never  failed  to  bear  its  annual  crop  of 
berries,  excepting  in  two  instances,  and  that  was 
■when  its  blossoms  were  destroyed  by  frost,  other 
varieties  suffering  equally.  During  its  lifetime 
of  fruitage,  the  plants  have  never  received  one 
bit  of  extra  care  or  culture,  but  have  been  grown 
on  what  an  eastern  writer  calls  the  "  slip-shod  " 
system,  th.tt  is,  in  a  matted  bed  of  plants  where 
the  scythe  did  the  cultivating  and  the  fallen 
■weeds  ]n-ovided  the  mulch. 

The  color  of  the  berry  is  a  dark,  rich  crimson, 
and  their  appearance  iii  the  box  is  most  tempting 
and  attractive  in  shape,  size,  and  color,  ■while  as 
to  flavor,  it  h'as  the  true  strawberry  aroma. 

Its  shape  is  somewhat  similar  to  Crescent,  and 
its  color  also,  except  it  may  be  a  little  darker. 
As  to  it.s  productive  qualities  it  is  just  a  trifle  be- 
hind the  Crescent  in  that  respect,  but  ahead  of 


it  in  ilavor  and  size.  It  blooms  early,  like  the 
Crescent,  ripens  ■with  that  variety  and  sometimes 
earlier,  and  holds  out  splendidly  in  size  ;  the  last 
pickings  being  fully  equal  to  tlie  first,  and  thus 
it  tones  up  the  size  of  the  Crescent,  when  the  two 
are  marketed  together.  Outline  sketches  were 
made  from  berries  of  the  fourtli  picking  June 
16th,  18S4,  a  late  strawberry  season,  which  were 
IJ  inches  in  diameter,  or  5i  inches  around. 

The  berry  originated  from  seed  sown  by  a 
neighbor  of  mine,  and  these  sketches  were  made 
on  his  grounds.     

Please  note  that  I  have  raised  this  year  of  the 
Mammoth  Pearl  potato  one  weighing  2  pounds  4 
ounces, — three  weigliing  5  pounds.     Fifty  meas- 
ured one  bushel,  and  sixtv  weighed  63  pounds. 
J.  H.  WlNEHILL,  Ames,  Kan. 

Will  yon  give  me  an  idea  how  to  build  a  small 
house,  liot  or  green  house,  if  you  choose  to  call  it 
by  that  name.  Here  in  Florida  we  need  no  arti- 
ficial heat  to  start  seeds,  but  a  protection  from 
wind  and  rain,  and  a  place  where  the  heat  can  be 
confined  at  night.  I  am  going  into  the  garden 
business  in  a  small  way. .  To  be  successful  in 
raising  lender  plants,  I  believe  one  must  have  a 
protection  of  some  kind.  My  idea  is  that  a 
building,  say  8  x  10,  or  longer,  with  a  shed  roof 
of  oiledcanvas  to  attract  the  sun  rays,  and  suita- 
ble ventilation,  would  answer  here  in  Florida. 
But  just  how  to  construct  the  l)eds  or  shelves  for 
holding  the  earth  the  proper  depth  and  size  re- 
quired,'is  something  I  am  not  familiar  with.  If 
von  will  he  kind  euom.'h  to  give  me  a  plan  of 
what  I  want,  in  vour  next  issue,  I  will  be  obliged. 
E.  W.  AMSDEN, 
Ormomt.  Volusia  Cb.,  Florida. 


eXPEI^IENGBS  WITH  Fl^AllDS. 


Frederick  Lowey,  New  York,  gives  good  refer- 
ences, and  may  be  all  right.  He  advertises  an 
electric  light  for  60  cents,  a  price  which  would 
lead  us  to  doubt  the  reliability  of  the  offer.  No 
electric  light  has  yet  been  invented  that  can  be- 
safely  engineered  by  an  inexperienced  person. 
Pass  on  and  save  your  60  cents. 


More  long  loans  are  offered  at  four  per  cent, 
without  security.  They  are  frauds.  Let  them 
severely  alone. 

The  remarkable  sewing  machine  offer  made  by 
E.  C.  Howe  &  Co.,  in  our  September  number,  has 
brought  us  several  inquiries  as  to  whether  they 
are  a  frano  or  not.  They  are  not,  and  a  number 
of  our  readers  who  have  bought  tlie  machine  on 
trial,  have  expressed  themselves  as  pleased  with 
them. 


Our  admiration  is  still  excited  by  the  success 
of  the  prince  of  frauds,  the  Monarch  Manufac- 
turing Company.  It  takes  a  genius,  indeed,  to 
sell  a  potato  digger,  the  cut  of  which  shows  it  to 
be  merely  an  old-fashioned  machine  for  twice  the 
price  ordinarily  asked  for  them.  These  people 
do  a  large  business  in  horse  hoes,  lightning  saws, 
and  diggers,  and  no  amount  of  exposure  will 
jireveiit  the  religious  and  agricultural  papers 
from  accepting  their  advertisements,  nor  the 
)>nblic  from  sending  them  money.  We  hope  the 
Farm  axd  Garden  readers  will  take  warning. 


flDVEI^TISEMENiPS. 


mease  menltan  THE  FARM  AND  OABDEN. 


H.4NDSO.ME  CHHOMO  CARDS  willi  your 
--  iiani.' neatly  prinlMl,  only  10  cts.  Agents -wanted. 
Ki'yHlolic  <nl-<l  to.,  1112  Nevada  Street,  Pliilad  a,  Pa. 


501 


POTTED  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

FOK    SAl.K.      .1 ho,  SI  00  ii    dnziii;     Piinc-e    of 

Uerries.  $1.00  a  .iozi-ii ;  Altintic.   SI.OO  a  d../..    Dnii- 
Booiie,  la\-er  plants.  $1.50  a  liMi,  b\-  t-x press. 

JAS,°L.ll'l'IN('OTT,  Jr..  Mount  Holly,  New  Jersey. 


„^.  .,^  —m  .\  .'»IONTH  mill  Bonrd  lor  llii-cr  live 
qZC^^  Yonni;   Mi-n   iir   I.a.liHs  In   .-a.-li   '■i.nnl.y. 
^  v-''J  V.UU.-S.S.   P.  w.  ZIEGLER  ft  CO.,  Phllid'a.  Pa. 


GUNS 


Fine  Quality.    Low  Prices. 

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FolMfiin.  lOti  Chambers  Street*. 
New  York,  for  ll*i-paeecatalntjue 
o)  GuiiH.  Games,  and  Novelties. 


6RAPE 

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II  .V  .<th.  1  Kii.spbei  rU*s./'rt>^/t«( 


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n  r_  ■■  Ijonqnetof  floweri.*r.)  _oO  New   Imp..rled, 


20  Hidden  Name  10  cts. 

'   t>  fiftcks  5iic.,  your  nnuie  Imiden  by  hand 

hoMinc  flowers  on  each.  r»0  \cw  Im* 

I  poric-d  Embossed  Cliromoeloc 

I  4  pri'  Ks  f.(l  cts,  (not  embossed  edge  as  on 

lhoseadverti§edforlOc.  but  each  flower 

mt^^^ama^^m^^^  &c.  completely  einbosRcd>  >'ew 

'85  Sample  Book,  Iltn-rated  ]'r.-mi.,m  Li^ir    sentFIiLE 

.  «  \|»ITOLCAKDCO..nortford,Conn. 


vitheatiio 


Yoiir  Name 


a        ij  printed  on  BO  Extm  Lnr^e  Chromoe,         -       — 

French  and  S^iis  Florals,  in  Fancy  Script  Type,  10  cts.,  11)  pack, 
and  our  beautifully  bonnd  Sample  Alton;  for  aqenU,$l.  Acent^ 
Outfit.  Hi  clfc    KEVSTOUE  card  CO.,Korlli  Braaford,  Conn. 


C/3ShotCun 


CS 


Jlevolvers, 
^Rifles, 

_    ^Great  Wettern^ 
OnaWoi  lL«,PUtc>bargh.FSI? 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

Free  i 'iitaloguc-  sives  full  description  of  all  wortli.v  of 
cnltivatinii.  Pot  or  In^er  plants  now  ready  for  Snni- 
nicr  or  Fitll  piautint^.  Fruit  next  June.  Extra  stock  at  fait 
prices.     II.\L,E  BUGS..  fSo.  (ilnstoiiburj.  Conn. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

FINCH.S-  PKOMFIC.  .1IANCHF.STEK,  JElt- 
SHY  «UEEN,  AND  PRIMO, 

Choice  New  and  Old  Small  Fruits.  Greenhouse  Plants,  etc.,  etc.     Se« 
Illustrated  Cataloitue.  tree. 

GEO.  Ij,  miller,  Ridgewood  Nurseries, 

Stockton,  Ohio. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


15 


Fn^sip  Signs  Ofi  tOmiiEi^. 


Nature  combs  the  rooster's  head,  but  man  has 
to  comb  hi?  own. 

Why  is  the  sun  like  a  good  loaf?  Because  it 
is  light  when  it  rises. 

"  Dress  does  not  malce  the  man,"  but  it  makes 
the  women — supremely  liappy. 

"I  tell  you  it's  blistering  in  the  wood-shed," 
said  Johnny  as  he  emerged  with  his  father,  and 
he  didn't  refer  to  the  weather,  either. 

"  Will  you  have  salt  on  your  eggs  ?  "  asked  the 
the  hotel  waiter  of  the  guest.  "  Oh,  no,  thanks, 
they  are  not  at  all  fresli."  Tlien  the  waiter  went 
out  to  consult  tlie  landlord  to  see  if  the  hotel  had 
been  insulted. 

"What  do  you  think  of  iTiy  moustache?"  asked 
a  young  man  of  his  girl.  "  Oh  !  it  reminds  me  of 
a  Western  frontier  city,"  was  the  answer.  "  In 
what  re.speet,  pray  ?  "  "  Because  the  survey  is 
large  enough,  but  the  settlers  are  stragglmg." 

"  Is  the  earth  round  or  flat?  "  asked  a  member 
of  a  school  committee  of  an  ai)plicant  for  tlie  posi- 
tion of  teacher.  "  Well,  I'm  not  particular  al)out 
that,"  replied  the  candidate.  "Some  likes  it 
round,  and  some  likes  it  flat.  I  teach  it  both 
ways." 

A  tramp  stopped  at  a  house  and  asked  for  some- 
thing to  eat.  "Which  do  you  like  best?"  asked 
the  hired  girl — "steak  or  cliop?"  The  tramp 
meditated  and  replied,  "  cliojj."  "  Step  right 
this  way,"  said  the  girl ;  "  here's  the  axe,  and 
there's  the  wood-pile." 

Without  malice  toward  the  lightning-rod  man, 
we  must  still  recite  the  fact  tliai,  a  New  Enghuul 
insurance  company  that  has  made  millions  an<l 
is  doing  a.  great  business,  will  not  insure  a  house 
with  rod  of  any  kind  on  it.  When  tlieir  policy 
goes  on  the  rod  comes  off. 

A  little  daughter  of  a  minister,  after  silently 
watching  her  fatlier  write  his  sermon,  asked  : — 
'"Papa,  does  G"d  tell  you  what  to  write  in  a 
Bermon?''  With  some  little  hesitation  the  cleri- 
cal gentleman  replied  in  the  affirmative.  "  Then, 
papa,  why  do  you  scratch  it  out  again  ?  " 

A  cookery  book  says: — "Always  smell  a  salt 
codfish  before  buying  it."  We  always  do,  and 
after  buying  it,  too — for  three  or  four  days  after. 
The  fact  is,  you  can  smell  a  salted  codfish  witli- 
out  buying  it  at  all  it  you  get  within  ten  rods  of 
where  it  is.  The  odor  of  a  salted  codfish  is  like 
the  darkness  that  once  settled  on  Egypt;  it  is 
something  that  can  be  felt. 

MARRY  ME,  DARLINT,  TO-NIGHT. 

Me.darlint,  it's  a.\in'  they  are 

Ttiat  I  goes  to  tlie  wars  to  be  kilt, 
An'  come  back  wid  an  iiligant  Bkbar, 

An'  a  sabre  liuiig  on  to  a  hilt. 
They  oiTers  proniolion  to  those 

Who  die  in  detiuse  of  the  right, 
I'll  be  otTin  the  mornin'— supiiose 

Ye  marry  me,  darlint,  to-iiigbt? 
There's  notliin'  so  raisna  a  man, 

In  the  eyescilthi-  uiirrl.l  us  to  fall 
Ferninst  tlie  uiMU  tla^,  in  the  van, 

Pierced  Ihruugli  wid  a  i)it  of  a  ball. 
An'  whin  I  am  kilt  ye  can  wear 

Some  iUigaiil  crape  on  yir  bonnet, 
Jisl  think  how  tlie  wonitn  will  shtare 

Wid  invy  whiniver  ye  don  it! 
Oh,  fwhat  a  proud  widd.v  ye'Il  be 

Whin  they  bring  my  carpsehome, —        ' 
not  toniiiilion 
The  fact  we  can  live  (don't  ye  see  ?) 

All  the  rest  of  our  lives  on  me  piusion ! 

—2'he  Century 

BILL  NYE  AND  THE  COMMISSIONER  OP 
AGBIOOLTUBE. 

I  saw  William  G.  Le  Due  the  other  day  at 
Hasting,  Minn.  He  used  to  be  at  tlie  head  of 
the  Agricultui'al  Department,  and  I  used  to  off'er 
him  suggestions  al)out  raising  iced  tea  by  grafting 
an  old-fashioned  tea  pot  on  some  hardy  kiud  of 
refrigerator.  Mr.  Le  Due  claimed  to  be  ignorant 
of  my  glowing  career.  I  pitied  him,  and  asked 
him  where  he'd  been  all  summer.  I  said, 
"William,  you  are  not  so  well  ■informed  as  I 
have  been  led  to  suppose.  I  knew  that  you  had 
almost  foudered  your  teeming  brain  trying  to  de- 
vise a  mean.s  by  wliich  you  could  imiireed  tlic 
milkweed  with  the  common  Irisli  jiotato  in 
such  a  way  as  to  produce  peeled  potato  witli 
milk  gravy  nu  it,  but  I  didn't  think  you  had 
been  in  public  life  so  long  without  knowing  one 
who  has  done  so  much  to  bring  the  literature  of 
the  present  day  up  to  a  lofty  standard  and  rescue 
it  I'rom  the  hungry  maw  of  olilivion.  You  may 
know  how  to  lower  tlie  rceonl  of  the  shirt-stud, 
or  at  what  season  we  should  shear  the  hydraulic 
ram,  bnt  I'd  advise  you,  before  you  go  any  fiirther 
with  your  agricultural  experiments,  to  read  up 
on  the  eminent  men  of  the  age  in  which  you 
live. 


SKETCHES  OF  CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


In  1867,  Dr.  Boyer  attended  a  trial  of  forty-one 
Chinese  coolies,  wlio  were  engaged  in  what  was 
kniiwn  as  the  "  Cayolti  Mystery."  The  investi- 
gatiiin  took  place  at  Hakodadi,  and  resulted  as 
follows  : — 

October,  18(37,  forty-one  coolies  were  taken  on 
board  a  ship  called  the  "Providence,"  a  coolie 
vessel,  at  Macao,  with  some  three  hundred  others. 
They  were  conveyed  to  Callao,  where  about 
thirty-eight  were  transferred  to  the  "Cayolti," 
the  remaining  two  or  three  being  put  on  board  at 
Callao.  They  cleared  from  that  port  on  the  16th 
of  July,  1868,  for  Pascamayo  and  Cherepe,  on 
the  coast  of  Peru,  they  being  intended  for  tlie 
sugar  plantations  near  these  ports.  They  were 
all  [lUt  into  the  main  hold,  and  kept  there. 
Food  was  thrown  to  them    by  a  Cliiiiese   cook. 

On  the  morning  of  the  thinl  day  they  arose, 
threw  oif  the  hatches,  and  ass:uilted  the  men  on 
watch  (four  in  number),  with  hatchets,  spades, 
and  other  weapons.  The  mate  was  cut  on  the 
left  shoulder  with  an  a.-se,  he  having  attempterl 
to  shoot  one  of  the  coolies,  Ijut  missed  fire.  lie 
then  mortally  wouniled  two  of  them  with  a  knife, 
when  the  crowd  ruslied  in  on  him,  and  he  was 
forced  to  jump  overlioard.  Another  European 
rushed  through  a  stern  port  into  the  water. 
Just  above  tliis  port  was  tlie  mark  of  a  bloixly 
hand,  from  which  it  was  conjectured  that  lie  was 
Wounded.  It  was  stated  that  the  other  two  men 
wlio  were  on  deck,  also  jumped  overboard,  and 
that  the  coolies  lowered  a  boat  and  dispatched 
tliem  with  knives,  while  struggling  in  the  water. 
On  returning  to  the  sliip  they  hoisted  tlie  l-iont, 
and  an  aneiior  was  trot  up  and  bi-ought  to  the 
gangway.  The  other  four  men  were  during  tliis 
time  confined  in  the  forecastle,  and  wlien  the 
boat  returned  were  fastened  to  the  anchor  and 
thrown  overboard.  The  Chinese  cook  interceded 
for  tile  captain,  who  was  then  told  that  as  he  was 
a  very  good  man,  they  would  spare  his  life,  if  he 
would  take  them  to  China,  to  whicli  he  consen- 
ted. One  Chinaman  fell  from  aloft  and  was 
killed,  and  eight  others  were  killed  in  tlie  fight. 

After  tliis  they  had  severe  weather,  and  when 
about  four  months  out,  they  came  to  an  island 
surrounded  by  ice,  where  the  inhabitants  were 
dressed  in  furs,  and  rode  on  sleds  drawn  bv  dogs. 
Here  they  lost  their  anchor  during  a  gale,  and 
were  driven  before  the  wind.  They  remained 
here  three  or  four  weeks.  The  captain  went  on 
shore,  in  company  with  the  Chinese  cook,  in 
search  of  some  provisions,  but  neither  the  cap- 
tain nor  the  cook  ever  returned. 


After  loosing  their  anchor,  and  being  driven 
out  to  sea,  tliey  made  their  way  to  Volcano  Bay, 
north  of  Hakodadi,  where  they  waited  two 
weeks,  when  thev  got  two  Japanese  pilots  to 
take  them  to  tfakodadi,  where  they  arrived 
some  time  in  August  of  the  same  year. 

In  Dr.  Boyer's  diary,  under  date  of  December 
8,  1868, at  Shanghai,  China,  he  writes: 

"To-day  we  heard  that  Aidzu,  the  great  General 
of  the  Northern  Army  of  Japan,  was  compelled 
to  surrender,  after  having  been  besieged  for 
a  long  time,  with  his  forces,  (a  small  party), 
in  a  castle,  until  starvation  compelled  them  to 
surrender.  When  seventeen  of  his  officers,  with 
a  flag  of  truce,  came  to  the  Southern  General,  he 
asked  them  what  guarantee  they  could  give  tliat 
he,  Aidza,  really  intended  to  surrender,  and  was 
not  laying  a  trap  for  them,  they  answered:  "  by 
yielding  up  our  lives."  Whereupon  sixteen  of 
them  performed  hara-kari;  killed  themselves 
then  and  there  upon  the  spot.  The  remaining 
one  then  conducted  them  into  the  presence  of 
Aidzu. 

"  Upon  appearing  before  Aidzu,  that  official 
offered  up  his  swords.  The  Southern  General 
lianded  them  back  again  to  him,  and  said  he  re- 
spected his  bravery. 

"  It  is  .said  that  the  conquerors  were  moved  to 
tears  at  the  sight  they  beheld,  for  the  garrison 
held  out  until  they  were  mere  skeletons.  Aidztt 
was  taken  to  Yeddo,  or,  as  it  is  now  called, 
according  to  the  Mikado's  proclamation,  Tonkei, 
or  the  Eastern  Capital,  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  audi 
thus  ended  the  rebellion  in  Japan." 

The  Chinese  are  a  great  people.  One  of  the 
first  objects  you  behold,  when  you  land  in  a 
Chinese  town,  that  will  attract  your  attention,  is 
the  style  of  dress,  etc.  The  men  wear  petticoats, 
and  the  women  pantaloons.  The  soldiers,  or 
Mandarins,  mount  the  horses  on  the  right  side ; 
the  old  men  with  gray  beards  and  large  goggle 
spectacles  can  be  seen  delightfully  employed  in 
flying  paper  kites,  while  a  group  of  boys  are 
gravely  looking  on,  and  regarding  these  innocent- 
occupations  with  the  most  serious  and  gratified- 
attention.  Other  old  men  are  chirping  and 
chuckling  to  singing  birds,  which  they  carry  in 
bamboo  cages,  or  perched  on  sticks,  whilst  others 
are  catching  flies  to  feed  the  birds.  Their  books- 
commence  where  ours  end.  They  write  from  top 
to  bottom,  and  from  right  to  left.  Their  locks 
are  made  by  turning  the  keys  from  left  to  right. 
White  is  the  color  of  their  mourning  dress. 
They  seat  a  guest  on  tlieir  left,  which  is  the  seat 
of  honor.  The  stomach  is  considered  the  seat  of 
understanding.  When  friends  meet,  they  shake 
their  own  hands,  instead  of  shaking  each  other 
by  the  hand  ;  and  so  on,  from  Alpha  to  Omega, 
everything  is  contrary  to  our  style. 


OUR  BULB  OFFERS. 

That  nv  tiiiij/ii  nffer  liberal  prcmiumif 
to  our  suhsrrihers,  ire  have  imported  di 
reetfrom  the  r/roircrs  in  Europe  and  the 
Jiennudas,  the  finest  lot  of  bulbs  we  have 
ever  seen.  These  we  have  decided  to  offer 
to  our  friends  in  the  following  liberal'- 
collections  : — 

Our  60-cent  Collection, 

Sent  free  hfj  mail,  and  including  one 
yearns  suhyrription  to  The  I*arni.  and 
Garden,  will  contain  One  fine  Dutch  Hy- 
acinth, Two  Grape  Hyacinths,  Two  Tulips, 
Five  Crocus  (each  of  a  different  color), 
One  Scilla  Sibericn,  One  Single  Karcissus 
Poeticus,  making  in  all,  n'hm  (jnalitg  is 
considered,  as  fine  a  collrcfian  nf  winter- 
blooming  bulbs  as  could  be  usually  bought 
for  $1.00. 

For.  $1.00 

We  will  send  one  fine  bulb  oj  Lilium  Har- 
rissii  {see  cut  on  page  1),  imported  by  us 
from  growers  in  Bermuda,  One  Dutch 
Hyacinth,  Five  Tulips,  Six  Crocus  (four 
colors).  Three  Spanish  Iris,  Three  Snow- 
drops ;  included  with,  this  is  a  year's  sub~ 
scription  to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 

For  S2.00 

We  will  send  Two  bulbs  of  Lilium  Har- 
rissii.  One  Scilla  Siherica,  Four  Spanish 
Iris,  Two  Ixias,  One  Snowdrop,  Three 
Oxalis,  Seven  Single  Narcisstis  Poeticus, 
One  Jonquil,  One  tulip.  Five  Crocus 
(different  colors).  One  Feather  Hyacinth. 
With  these  u'C  will  include  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


16 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN, 


^   ^OLIiBGiTION. 


BEOUGHT    BY    UNCLE    SAM'S    MAIL    AND   IN 
OTHER  WAYS. 

Daniel  D.  Herd,  Laucaster,  Pa.,  catalogue  of  Willow 
Grove  Nurseries. 

John  S  Collins,  Moorestown,  New  Jersey,  catalogue 
of  Pleasaul  Valley  Nurseries.    Sseiit  tree. 

H  S  Anderson.  Union  Springs.  New  York,  mails  us 
his  fall  price-list  of  small  fruiis.    tienl  free. 

E  Duncan  Sniflen.  3  Park  Row.  New  York,  Sends 
Advertisers  Reference  Book  for  1SS4.    Send  lor  it. 

J.  T.  Lovett.  Little  Silver,  New  Jersey,  sends  his 
autumn  catalogue  of  trees,  plants,  and  small  frmti. 

Maber&  Grosh.  Toledo.  Ohio,  advertise  a  new  knife 
on  our  second  cover  page.    What  do  you  think  ot  it . 

B.  K.  Bliss  &  Sons,  New  Y'ork,  favor  us  with  their 
autumn  catalogue  of  bulbs,  small  fruits  and  gardea 
requisites. 

John  Perkins,  Moorestown.  New  Jersey,  sends  us  his 
new  catalogue,  for  fall  of  l!**4,  and  spring  of  1885.  Hardy 
fruit  trees,  vines,  and  plants. 

A  revolution  in  washing.  Reasons  why  the  Missouri 
Steam  Washer  takes  the  lead,  fiom  Johnston  Bros  , 
St.  Louis,  Philadelphia,  and  Chicago.  Said  to  be  a  good 
thing. 

The  Pennsvlvania  Horticultural  Society  will  hold  a 
ChrvsaiuhHinum  and  Cut  Flower  Exhibition  at  their 
half.  Broad  street.  Philadelphia,  on  November  'y.G.l. 
and  »ih.  This  promises  to  be  a  very  tine  exhibition. 
You  should  see  it. 

We  called  on  F.  E.  McAllister,  of  31  Fulton  Street. 
New  York,  last  month,  and  were  shown  samples  of  a 
new  tuniato,  railed  "  The  Fulton  Market."  It  is  a  Kood 
shape,  has  smooth  skin,  and  is  said  to  be  very  proliflc, 
and  quite  early. 

Strawbridge  &  Clothier's  Quarterly  for  Autumn,  18^. 
has  just  been  received  from  the  publishers.  Its  gaily 
printed  cover  is  becoming  a  familiar  indication  that  a 
new  season  is  upon  us.  The  Quart'rl;/  is  sent  to  any 
address  for  one  vear  for  only  rtHy  cents.  If  you  have 
not  yet  subscribed,  send  fifteen  cents  for  a  specimun 
number  to  the  publishers,  Strawbridge  &  Clothier, 
Philadelphia.,  


CLUBBING  LIST. 
TWO  PAPEBS  FOR  THE  PKICE  OF  OXE. 
These  prices  include    a    year's    subscription   to 
Farm  anu  Gabuen  and  to  the  paper  named. 
Any  American  publication  furnished  at  reduced  r 


.  $1  2.> 

.     3  25 

.     1  25 

.     1  00 

2  10 

1  10 

1  00 


1  00 

2  00 


1  25 


75 
1  20 


American  Agriculturist, 
American  Field,  . 
Amcricaa  Poultry  Tard, 
American  Garden. 
Bee  Jouroal  (weekly)  , 

"  (montKly),       . 

Bee  Keeper's  Magazine, 
Cultivator     and      Couotry 

(ieiitleman,    . 
Century  Magazine. 
Dairy  and  i-'iirni  Journal,  . 
Drainagt;  &  Farm  Journal, . 
Dcraorusts  MaKaziuc. . 
Empire  Stale  .\gricuUurist, 
Farmer's  Review, 
Farming  World,  .        . 
Farmers'  Home,  . 
Farm  Implement, 
Farmer  and  Fruit  Grower, 
Farmer  and  ManuTacturer, 
Forest,  Forgt'  and  Farm.     . 
Farmer's  Companion- 
Florida  Despau^h. 
Floral  losirucU'r, 
Farm  Kcoui'mint.. 
Farm  and  Fireside  (Ohio), 
Farm  aud  Fireside  {N.  C), 
Farmers"  Home  Journal,    , 
Farmers"  Advocate,     . 
Farm  Journal, 
Godcv's  Lady's  Book, 
Gardener's  Monthly,    .    .    . 
Home  and  Farm,  . 
Home  Farm. 
Harper's  Monthly  Magazine,  3  50 
Iowa  Farmer, 
Indiana  Farmer, . 
Journal  of  Agriculture. 
Kan>as  Beekeeper, 
Kitusus  Farmer,  , 
Knn:!aj  Spirit, 
Kansas    Agriculturist, 


65 


1  -25 
1  35 
1  00 


1  50 


1  50 
1  25 
1  40 
90 
1  50  ■ 


Ladies  Floral  Cabinet, 
Livestock  Monthly.    . 
Labor  World, 
Maryland  Farmer,     . 
Mirror  and  Farmer,     >        • 
Nebraska  FarmT.        • 
National  FouUry  Moottor,  . 
Orange  Couuty  Farmer, 
Ohio  Farmer. 
Ontario  Hornet.  . 
Oregon  Coloniiit, . 
Purdv'a  Fruit  Recorder, 
Poultry  World,    . 
Prairie  FaroKT,   . 
Poultry  Nation.    . 
Poultry  Messenger, 
Planter's  Journal. 
Poultrv  Advertiser,      . 
PoultrV  Monthly. 
Poultrv  Bulletin. 
Poultrv  and  Farm  Journal, 
Rural  Record. 
Roanoke  Patron,  . 
Rural  Calirornian, 
Rural  New  Yorker,- 
Souih  aud  West   , 
Southern  Planter, 
Southern  Cultivator,  . 
Sunny  South. 
Tribune  and  Farmer,  . 
Vicks  Monthlv  Magazine.  . 
Western  Rural  (and  seeds). 
Wallace's  Montlily, 
Western  Cultivator,     . 
Western  Airriculturist, 
Western  Pluwnian, 
"Western  Hurtlculturist. 
Youth's    Companion    (new 

subscribers), 
Y'outh's     Companion     (rc- 

Dcwals) 


ate. 

1  20 


1  (» 
1  05 

t  •^ 

1  05 
1  55 

I  20 

6ti 

75 

70 

1  00 

1  60 

75 

6<) 

1  75 

tkt 

1  05 

I  00 

1  00 

75 

75 

1  50 

2  25 


1  Oil 
1  00 

1  10 

2  00 


1  00 
60 
65 

1  60 

Z  00 


TOUR 


W  k  fJtV  pHntedon  40  Bntin  Finished  Cnrdll 
JlAmij»°<l  a  Solid  Kulled  Gold  Kins 
FREE  f"r  ten  two-cent  stamps.  Cut  this  out. 
Cl,1NTON  BROS.,  CUntonvlllc,  Conn 


70 


Chromo  Cards  anJ  Tennv«i)n's  Pocnis  mailed  for  ten 
one  cent  stamps.    ACME  MANT6  CO.,  Ivorytown,  Conn. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

MAVKIN<;lor  Ihe  BEST  EARLY.  CONNECTICIT 
QUEEN  lor  LATE  Pencil  Trees  by  the  100  &  1000. 
Catalogue  sent  Free.       SAMUEL  C.  OeCOU.  Mooreitowo.  H.  J. 

left  New  Scrap  Pictures  and  Tennvson's  Poems  mailed 
ISDfor  10c  CAPITOL  CARD  CO.,    Harllort.  Conn. 

FAIRVIEW  NURSERIESir^iir^ 

'200A<  KF.SIN  I- Ur  IT  TREES  AND 

S.IIAI.L  FRllT  PLANTS. 
l*2.'J.O0O  Peach  Trees,  choice  Kiefler  and 
Le  Coiite  Pear  Trees.  AH  kinds  of  nur- 
sery slock.  Small  fruits,  and  Osnee  Or- 
ange specialties.  Seii'l  for  price-list.  Ad- 
dress, j^  PERKINS,  MOORESTOWN.  N.  J. 


m  Scrap  Pictures,  and  100  Alhum  Qnoiations  onlv  inc. 
50  Embossed  Cards  10c.    J.  B.  HUSTCO.  Nasiao.  N.  V. 


Grinfi  your«own  Bone, 

UIIIIU      T\f..i,l.      O-TBt^r      Nht>1l.- 


Mealt  Oyster  Nheltis 
IIORAIIA.X  Floui'  and  (oro 
llln  t  h.  *3  H.a.l«-I>  AIXXjXj 

'(F.  Wilscrn'9  Patent  I.  lOO  per 
cent,  more  made  in  iteeplng  poul- 
«try.  Also  POIVER  MILI^S  and  FARM 
■FEED  MI1.I.S.  Circulars  and  Testimonials  sent 
on  application.    WILSOST  BKOS.,  £aston.  Pa. 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice Trt-es.  Vines,  and  Plants.  All  t!i>' tm  \\  vai  u-tics. 
Manchester  Sirawberries,  Haiisell  Ka.si)i)ei  rif.s.  Kieller 
Pear  Trees.  Peach  Trees  a  specialty.  L.arge  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red  Bank,  N.  J. 


CARD  COLLECTORS!   A  handsome  set  of  16  French 
Cards  for  only  5  cts.  C.  E.  C.  DePuy,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


SOBIEXHING  UNEXPECTED. 

THOROUGHBRED  SHEEP 

or  TEN  OirFERENT  BREEDS.  TO  BE  DIVIOED  AS  PREMIUMS 

AMONG  THOSE  GETTING  UP  THE  LARGEST  CLUBS  FOR 

THE  NATIONAL 

WOOL-GROWERS'    QUARTERLY, 

The  official  orcao  of  the  National  Wool-Geowbb.'*"  As-s'-^rAXioN. 
These  she«p  art;  donated  by  k.i.iine  breeders  of  the  IniU-.l  Suies.  to 
ail)  in  securing  an  immodiate  and  imnieDse  circulutioQ  for  The 
Quarterly  in  every  Statt  and  Territory.  A  handsome  O-I^poco 
iiiagi:aziDe.  only  fiO  cents  a  year  in  clubs  of  ten  :  sinelc  sub&crii'tlons 
60  cents.     For  particulars,  cish  cotumissions,  etc,  addre^*  nt  once 

NATIONAL  WOOL-GROWERS'  OUARTERLY,  PITTSBURG.  Pa. 


50 


Hidden  Xame.Enibossed  *  Chromo Cards.fca  Golden 
(;ilt.  lOc.  6  lots  50c.     0.  A.  BRAINARO.  Higganum,  Conn. 


We  will  send  vmi  a  wat<'h  or  a  chain 
BY  nAlLOK  VArUKSS.  CO.  D..  to  t>e 

exanuiied  li.h.iv  pay miiiiny  money 
and  If  iiMt  Mili^laLtriiy. returned  at 
our^-xpen:?!'.  We  nuinufacture  all 
lurfAvatches  and  save  you  30  per 
cent,  ^.'atalopue  of  2.50  styles  free. 
Evi-rvu':(trhWnn  anted.    Address 

STAPAEE  AMERICAN  WATCH  CO, 

yiTISBUKGU,  PA. 


DIAMOND    DYES 

Are  the  Best  Dyes  Ever  Made. 

DRESSES,  COATS,  SCARFS,  HOODS, 
YARN,  STOCKINGS,  CARPET  RAGS,  RIB- 
BONS, FEATHERS,  or  any  fabric  or  fancy  arti- 
cle   easily    and.    perfectly  colored  to  any  shade. 

32  FAST  AND  DURABLE  COLORS, 

Evcii  PA(  :»a(;e  will  color  one  to  tout  lbs.  ofgoods. 

A*»k  for  the    DIAMOXO  DTES,  ohd  take  no  other. 

None  can  compare  ■with  them  for  Brilliancy,  Dura- 
bility, Simplicity  and  Economy.  Sold  by  all  druggistl 
and  merchants,  or  send  us  10  cents  and  any  colorwanted 
Bent  post-paid.  27  colored  samples  and  a  boolt  of  dareo- 
tionssentfora  2  cent  stamp.  ^ 

AVELLS  A   KICUAKPSOXCO.,  Bnrllngton,  Tt. 

Cold  Paint.  Silver  Paint. 

Bronze  Paint.       Artists'  Blacki^ 

For  gilding  Fancy  Baskets,  Frames,  tamps.  Chan- 
deliers, and  for  all  kinds  of  ornamental  work.  Equal  to 
any  of  the  high  priced  kinds  and  only  10  cts.  apackage 
at  the  druegists,  or  post-paid  from         __  _, 

WELXS  A-  B.ICUAItD80N  CO.,  Borllnirton,  Vti 


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CORNELIA  Straw-DCnnf  al 

Also  a  full  assortment  of  all  the  new  and  old  f 
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Cayuga  Lake  Nurseries,  TTnion  SprlngB.  N.  \ 
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In  Sheep,  Russia  and  Turkey  Bindings. 


jDlCTIONAHygniPPLUEHTg 


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x^riwi:  n. e: n>a- nsr I E3 , 

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Get  the  Standard. 

g^  ^TnVic\i*X.KT—\i  has  118.000  Wordl, 
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t   1»  f  ^    33,000  copies  in  PuWic  Schools. 

^^  Sale  20  to  1  of  any  other  scries. 

^^^ngtrWlaidtomakca  Familv  intelliEcnt. 

^SXlOX  Best  help     for  SCHOLARS, 
TEACHERS  and  SCHOOLS. 

JS-The  vocabulary  contain.s  3000  more  words 

than  are  found  in  aiiy  other  American  Dictionary. 

The  Vna^ridced  is  now  snppli'-d,  .itaFmall  ad- 

ditiniKil  cost,  with  DKMSON'S 

PATENT  REFERENCE  INDEX, 

*'Th«  prcat.'st  improvement  in  book-making  that 

has  been  made  in  a  luindred  years."      ( 
G.  &  C.  MERRIAM  &  CO.,  Pub'rs,SprinEfield,  Mass. 


DAIRY  GOODS 


"We  malso  from  the  best  material  Snperior  Articles^- 
I  of  Rnirv  4;ood»«.  that  arc  mi>lel?  of  Ftn-ncnh  and  pimplici- 
1  tv.    Uiiiiuotniiitii  pnxif  driven  of  their  ih;mbil;n-,     ?^M  mann-     . 
I  f  d.  turers  "f  Curti"*'  Improved  Farrory  (hnm,  Vinson's 

Power  RutlcT  Worker.  I.ever  Worker,  ('urlis'  Square 
I  Box  <'hum.  KertauKular  Chun).  Cream  \'ais.Dof;Po^ver.etc. 

*'One  Kaiiiilv  Cliiini  al   wholesale  where  we    have    no 
Indent."    AH  ■-■'■■!- w;irnii.i.  ■!  cxiii-ilv  a-;  repn-s.rnted.       TWO    GOLD 
I  AND  FOl  KTEEN  SIl.VKK  iMEnAI-S  awarded  for  superiority,  ,^ 

CORNISH,  CURTIS  &  GREENE.  Fort  AtMnson,  WisI^ 


Pulverizing  Harrow. 


CLOD  CRUSHER 
and  LEVELER* 


Enured  at  J^hiladelphia  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter 


The  "ACME"  subjects  thesoll  to  theaction  of  a  Steel  Crusher  and  Leveler,  and  to 'the  f 'atrinc. 
Liftinic.  Turniiitr  process  of  double  fjnnrj^  of  CAST  STKKL  COl'l.TKKS.  the  peculiar  shape  and  arraOKe- 
iiieni  oi  wliicli  ^Mve  immensp  cutting  po\Ter.  Thus  the  tliree  operations  of  crusbine  lumps  levrlins  oft 
lliH  trrounil  and  itmroughlv  pulrerizinc  ilie  soil  are  perfornipil  at  ibe  snme  time.  The  entire  absence  of 
Spikes  or  .Sprins  Teeth  avoids  pulling;  u])  rulibish.  II  is  eHperially  ailapteil  to  inverled  sod  and  hard  clay, 
where  other  Harrows  utterly  tail;  works  perfectly  on  light  soil,  and  is  the  only  Harrow  that  cuts  over  the 
entire  surface  of  the  ground. 

IVe   make   a    Variety   of  Sizes    u/orldng   from   4   to    15   Feet   Wide. 

DO  NOT  BE  DECEIVED.  Don't  let  your  dealer  palm  off  a  base  imitation  or 
some  Inferior  tool  on  you  under  the  assurance  that  it  is  something  better,  but 
SATISFY  YOURSELF  BY  ORDERING  AN  "ACME"  ON  TRIAL.  We  will  send 
the  DOUBLE  GANG  Acme  to  any  responsible  farmer  In  the  United  States  on  trial, 
and  if  it  does  not  suit,  you  may  send  it  back,  we  paying  return  freight  charges. 
We  don't  asl<  for  pay  until  you  have  tried  It  on  your  own  farm. 

Send  for  Pamphlet  oontBlntDK  Thounands  of  Tentlmonlals  fram  46  different  State*  end  Tcrrl'irlcA. 
BRANCH  OFFICE:  klACIl      0<      DDnTUCD  Manufuclorj  and  Principal  UII.CT ; 

HARRISBURG.  PA.     nAoll^Cb   DKU  I  nCKi     UILLINOTON,  NEW  JEBS£T. 

K.  B.— Pamphlet  "  TILLAGE  IS  MAHURE"  SENT  FEEE  TO  parties  who  NAME  THIS  PAPER. 


^  Tlie  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


DECEMBER.    1884. 


No.  IV. 


TO   *T.T.  WHO  RECEIVE  THIS  NDMBEB. 

Subscriptions  may  begin  with  any  number,  but  we 
prefer  to  date  Ibem  from  January  of  each  year 

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to  whicli  the  subscription  is  already  entitled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription. 
If  not  renewed  it  is  immediately  discontinued.  No 
notice  is  required  to  stop  the  paper,  and  no  bill  will  be 
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Remittances  may  be  made  at  our  risk  by  Post  01i3ce 
Order,  Postal  Note,  Registered  Letter.  Stamps  and 
Canadian  Money  are  taken,  but  if  sent  in  ordinary  letter 
are  at  your  risk. 

Receipts.— The  fact  that  you  receive  the  paper  is  a 

froof  that  we  have  received  your  remittance  correctly, 
f  you  do  not  receive  the  paper   promptly,  write  us, 
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Addressee.— No  matter  how  often  you  have  written 
to  us,  please  always  give  your  lull  name,  post  ollice,  and 
State.  We  have  no  way  to  tind  your  name  except  from 
the  aiidress. 

Names  cannot  be  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and 
in  full.  If  a  lady,  al  ways  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs. 
Samantha  Allen  one  time  and  Mrs.  Josiah  Allen  next. 
If  you  do  not  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before  vour  signature 
do  not  beoffended  if  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Errors.— We  make  them ;  so  does  every  one,  and  we 
will  cheerfully  correct  them  if  you  write  us  Trv  to 
write  us  good  naturedl.v,  but  if  yon  cannot  then  wVite 
to  us  any  way.  Do  not  complain  m  any  one  else  or  let 
It  |)a,ss.  We  want  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
any  injustice  we  may  do. 

AUVERTISIN«JKATE.S.-Froniissue8ofFel>. 
ruary,  18S4,  to  l>i-ceinber.  1SS4.  inclusive,  60 
cents  per  Agate  line  eacli  insertion. 

Subscriptions  to  Ihis  paper  50  cents  a  year,  pavable 
|D  advance. 

CHILD  BROS.  &  CO.,  Publisbers, 

KoB.  418»  420,  432  Library  Street  (first  bt-low  Chestnut), 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


And  when  the  sUt'er  habit  of  the  clouds 
Comes  down  upon  the  autumn  sun,  and  with 
A  sober  gladness  the  old  year  takes  up 
His  bright  inheritance  of  golden  fruits 
A  pomp  and  pageant  Jill  the  splendid  scene. 

Longfellow. 

ooldbn  opportdnities  in  the  south. 

{Continued.) 


By  Joseph. 


In 


GENERAL   FARMING, 
my  .several    articles  treating 


on   .Southern 


subjects,  I  have  really  not  answered  the  question 
which  is  asked  ofteuest,  and  which  seems  to  be 
of  interest  to  the  greatest  number  of  individuitls 
in  this  matter,  the  question:  "What  chances 
are  there  in  the  South  for  the  general  fiirmer' 
Is  the  production  of  cereals,  hay,  and  otlier  farm 
crops  more  profitable,  does  capital  invested  in 
farms  pay  a  larger  percentage  of  interest  in  the 
South  than  in  the  North  ?  " 

I  have  just  traveled  through  Jefferson  county 
West  Virginia,  the  garden  spot  of  the  Virginia's^ 
Here  land  is  worth  from  .$40  to  $7.5  an  acre.  The 
average  yield  of  wheat  in  the  county  is  very  near 
twenty  bushels  per  acre,  while  good  farmers  are 
raising  from  twenty-five  to  forty  busliels  '  and 
occasionally  fifty.  All  this  is  done  with  much 
less  commercial  manures  (not  over  1.50  pounds 
per  acre),  than  the  fnrmers  in  other  sections  of 
Virginia  are  in  the  habit  of  using.  In  Jefferson 
Bcrcley,  Clark,  Warren,  and  other  counties  of 
the  Virginias,  I  |,assed  recently  through  corn 
fields,  which  will  hardly  yield  less  than  15  bar- 
rels of  corn,  that  is  150  bushels  of  shelled  to  the 
acre    No  extra,  culture  was  given  in  any  instance. 

I  average  twenty-five 

bushels  of  wheat  to  the 
acre,  one  year  with  an- 
other," says  J.V.Weir,  of 
Clark's  county, where  the 
average  yield  is  only 
fifteen  bnshels.  His  land 


years  ago  used  to  pro- 
duce less  than  the 
county  average.  **  I 
never  till  land  without 
improving  it,"  If 
proudly  ailds.  Thi'. 
sliows  what  manage- 
ment will  do.  I  thouglit 
that  I  could  discovei 
the  whole  secret  of  his 
success  in  the  way  he 
know  sliow  to  maintain 
the  i)ioper  relation  be- 
tween wheat -growing 
and  stock-keeping.  Mr. 
"Weir  has  about  eighty 
head  of  cattle  on  hi^ 
480-acre  farm,  is  fat 
tening  thirty  steers  aii'l 
as  many  hogs,  pays  sit 
tention  to  the  jiroduc- 
tion  of  good  manure 
and  uses  phosphate 
liberally. 

Wheat  is  one  of  tln' 
stajjie  articles  of  pro- 
duction in  the  Great 
Valley,  but  the  arcii 
devoted  to  it  is,  by  fu 
in  excess  of  the  propti 
proportion,  as  com- 
pared with  other  farm 
cro|is;  and  in  many 
counties  it  seems  to  be 
the  aim  of  the  hus- 
bandman to  nifiniif'ir- 
ture  wheat  merely  Mill 
of  phosphates.  Clovir 
and  barnyard  manur. 
should  be  the  founda- 
tion of  the  crop,  ami 
these  important  ageiit>: 
merely  snp|ilenieiiteil 
by  commercial  fertili- 
zers, as  far  as  necessa- 
ry. More  stock,  more 
grazing  lands,  more 
manure,  and  a  smaller 
average     in     wheat, 

would    better  many  of  

the   condition   that  

seem  to  be  disadvantageous  to  he  farmer  at 
present. 

.  }4''  *h«  Southern  farmer,  often  with  rather 
inditlerent  management,  is  making  money  and 
improves  his  land,  which  had  been  so  recently 
impoverished  and  deviustateii,  while  many  of  the 
high  priced  tariiis  in  the  densely  populated  North, 
do  not  pay  .5  per  cent,  interest  on  the  investment. 

the  Northern  man,  when  he  gets  po.ssession  of 
?  „  ™  .'"  t"''  South,  at  once  inaugurates  a  mater- 
i.illy  different  .system  of  farming.  He  will  do  his 
share  of  the  work,  personallv,  and  not,  like 
many  of  the  "landholders"  in  Virginia,  leave 
everything  to  the  "  servants  "  anil  "  hand.s' "  He 
will  pay  special  attention  to  the  great  "  money 
crops,"  wheat,  corn,  beef,  pork,  and  so  forth,  yet, 
not  neglecting  the  "ninety-nine"  thinss  that 
bring  a  small  amount  each,  things  which  the 
Southerner  considers  not  worth  the  trouble  ot 
saving' 

The  new  comer  uses  all  the  means  in  his  power 
to  increase  the  crop  and  get  their  full  value.   But 


A  Bunch  of  Roses. 


long  neglected  orchard,  he  turns  his  hogs  m  and 
makes  jiork  of  the  hundreds  of  bushels  of  apples 
now  rolling  under  the  trees,  he  utilizes  his  fruit 
in  .some  way,  for  cider  or  otherwise,  sells  what  he 
can  find  market  for ;  he  pays  for  his  groceries  and 
dry  goods  with  butter  and  eggs,  while  the  South- 
ern farmer  runs  in  debt  for  them  and  is  charged 
twenty-five  or  fifty  per  cent,  extra  for  "time." 
The  former  tries  to  keep  up  the  flow  of  milk, 
either  to  be  disposed  of  in  a  paying  local  market, 
or  to  make  the  largest  ]io.ssible  amount  of  gilt- 
edge;  while  the  latter  milks  only  a  part  of  his 
cows  and  lets  the  calves  that  he  wants  to  raise, 
milk  the  rest.  One  has  the  money  "  all  his  own," 
when  he  sells  his  wheat  or  beef,  the  other  finds  if 
half  gone,  after  squaring  up  those  long  and  large 
accounts  with  the  merchants.  The  Northerner, 
in  short,  grasps  for  every  chance  which  offers 
itself  to  him,  of  increasing  his  income,  be  it  evei 
so  little.     In  consequence  he  makes  money. 

The    general    management    of   the    Southern 
farmer,  without  the  advantage  of  their  congenial 


A  very  larse  portion  of  our  subHcripri 


having  done  that,  he  cultivates  and  trims   the  i  climate,  would  ruin  every  mother's  son  of  them 

As  it  is.  they  do  tolerably 


....  .  """"' ^^P'""**  with  December  number,  and  a  notice 

IS  printed  on  tbis  it  yours  is  one.    If  you  have  sent  nonce 


,  I      ...  .         .  . >'**'"*  rene^vnl  since  November  l.'Jth.  vou 

«me    e  vnirr  i"  n    '  "T"'    ',",  """  "'-"'"'  •""  ""  ■""■""""  '»  "•    ^1'  "nr  subscribers  wbose 

number      TbiJ^nry  7'"  ''^"'"V  ^'''''    ""'"   *""""'    P'"-™'-"  li-'    ""d  January 
number.     This  will  be  mailed  you  in  a  few  days. 


well  ;  but  the  Northern 
man  w  o  u  1  d  do  better. 
He  would  starve  in  the 
North  if  he  did  not. 

Golden    opportunities 
are  abundant. 


2 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


HOW  WE  RAISED  BEETS. 


By  W.  D.  Boyntf/n,  Applfton,  Wis. 

Our  beets,  or  mangolds,  did  not  cost  us  much 
this  year.  I  will  teil  you  how  we  raised  them. 
In  the  first  plaue  we  took  about  three-fourths  of 
an  acre  of  our  best  drained,  lightest,  and  richest 
soil  that  lay  handy  by  the  yards  and  stables,  and 
plowed  under  a  good  heavy  coat— some  thirty 
odd  loads — of  pretty  well  rotted  cow  manure. 
This  was  plowed  under  about  the  20th  of  May, 
and  the  ground  left  to  warm  up  a  few  days  before 

Eutting  in  the  seed.  It  was  then  thoroughly 
arrowed  with  a  fine  tooth  harrow,  and  the  seed 
put  in  about  the  25th.  AVe  sowed  it  with  an 
ordinary  hand-push,  garden  .seed  sower,  putting 
the  drills  two  feet  apart,  and,  by  the  way,  if  you 
have  your  land  in  goo<l  condition,  as  it  certainly 
should  be  for  this  crop,  nothing  can  beat  the 
garden  seed  sower  for  this  work.  We  sowed 
them  tolerably  thick,  in  order  to  insure  a  good 
stand.  So  long  as  we  have  to  thin  out  anyhow, 
we  may  as  well  pull  out  a  few  more.  As  the 
land  wa-s  plowed  only  a  few  days  before  seeding, 
the  weeds  and  grass  did  not  get  started  until  the 
beeta   were   prettv    well    under   way.      Had   the 

f round  been  plowed  the  fall  before  it  would  have 
een  a  bed  of  weeds  by  the  time  we  were  ready 
to  put  in  the  cultivators  and  harrow  to  prepare 
the  seed  bed.  Whatever  may  be  the  benefits  of 
fall  plowing,  this  is  certainly  a  very  serious 
drawback.  Unless  turned  squarely  under  again 
with  a  large  plow — which  sacrifices  the  gain  by 
the  action  of  the  frost— the  surface  is  sure  to  be 
filled  with  fine  weed  roots  that  no  amount  of 
harmony  will  •destroy.  But  to  go  on.  We  did 
not  put  "hand  or  hoe  into  the  patch  until  the  latter 
part  of  July.  We  run  through  several  times 
with  an  ordinary  one-horse  cultivator,  with  the 
teeth  turned  in.  that  the  plants  should  not  be 
buried  with  earth  in  running  close  up  to  the  row. 
To  be  sure  we  couhl  not  take  out  all  the  weeds 
in  this  way,  but  there  were  not  enough  left  to 
very  materially  injure  the  chances  of  the  plants 
up  to  that  time.  The  plants  were  now  large 
enough  to  pull  u.p  and  feed  out  to  pigs  and  cow.s. 
Every  day  we  thinned  out  a  few  rows  for  this 
purpose,  taking  out  the  weeds  at  the  same  time. 
Some  had  quite  good  sized  roots,  and  all  had 
large  tops  that  were  much  relished  by  milch 
cows  and  pigs.  We  calculate  that  the  several 
tons  taken  out  in  this  way  more  than  paid  for 
the  labor  of  thinning  and"  weeding.  Such  feed 
comes  very  opportunely  in  dry,  hot  weather, 
when  the  "pasture  is  short.  We  do  not  top  our 
beets  this  year ;  we  find  but  little  top  left  after 
they  have  been  pulled  and  left  on  the  ground 
two  or  three  days.  The  tops  will  shrivel  up  to 
almost  nothing."  If  cut  ofl'  when  green,  as  many 
do,  they  will  bleed  the  root  considerably.  We 
leave  the  roots  in  small  heaps  on  the  ground  for 
a  few  days  to  sweat  out. 


into  one  class.  The  bright  and  best  leaf  is  next 
taken,  having  all  the  leaves  as  nearly  alike  as 
possible,  and  put  in  a  class,  and  what  remains  is 
less  bright ;  tliis  is  tied  in  a  class. 

As  you  strip,  hang  the  tobacco  on  the  stick, 
and  st«re  it  back  on  the  tiers,  when  it  comes  in 
the  order  you  wish  to  deliver  it  in,  pack  it  down. 
I  never  biilk  down  when  I  can  help  it.  I  prefer 
to  put  it  down  in  the  wagon  and  haul  it  off. 
Bulking  tobacco  in  safe  keeping  order  requires 
judgment  and  care,  as  all  past  good  care  may 
"be  lost  by  carelessness  and  ignorance  in  this 
finishing  operation. 


NO  EXCELLENCE  WITHOtTT  LABOR. 
The  Experiences  of  a  Virginia  lixrmer. 

No.  5. 
A  large  hole  was  to  be  filled  sometime  during 
the  summer,  on  a  farm  near-by.  During  the 
time  until  the  work  was  to  be  done,  all  rubbish 
was  carried  there  to  "  get  it  out  of  the  way,"  also 
to  help  fill  it  beside.  Since  the  boys  have  really 
become  interested  in  saving  all  the  waste  vegeta- 
ble matter,  as  well  as  piling  up  dry  dirt  for  use 
in  the  stables,  they  were  very  much  exercised  in 
seeing  quite  a  large  quantity  of  leaves,  grass,  and 
weed,  that  had  been  thrown  there  as  filling,  from 
the  yard,  that  had  just  been  clearrd  up.  "  What 
a  waste!  "said  they,  "such  nice  bedding  it 
would  have  made  for  the  mare,  all  vegetable  stuff 
too,  that  would  make  such  good  manure,"  they 
added.  This  was  not  all  of  value  that  would 
have  paid  to  have  taken  out,  as  a  considerable 
quantity  of  leaves  and  other  rubbish  had  been 
thrown  and  blown  in  there,  and  become  good 
plant  food.  But  people  will  cover  up  such  valu- 
able accumulations,  and  draw  from  town,  loads 
of  so  called  manure,  at  considerable  expense,  or 
buy  almost  worthless  commercial  fertilizers  that 
prove  very  unsatisfactory  in  results.  Such  waste 
of  plant  food  that  is  at  hand  should  not  occur  on 
farms  that  need  all  that  can  be  obtained.  The 
barn  was  close  at  hand  when  the  boys  made  the 
remark  that  this  dry,  soft,  grassy  and  leafy  pile 
should  be  put  in  the  barn  for  use  in  the  stables, 
they  were  answered  that  "pine  tags"  were 
plenty,  and  they  made' good  bedding.  I  could 
only  remark  that  it  was  the  •'  old  way  of  doing," 
easier  to  spend  a  half  day  to  go  to  the  woods  with 
two  men  and  a  team  to  get  as  much  as  had  been 
thrown  in  this  hole.  The  ridiculousness  of  the 
idea  had  not  come  to  the  surface  then,  of  the  man, 
who,  in  carrying  gri.st  to  the  mill,  put  a  stone  in 
the  opposite  end  of  the  bag  to  balance  the  corn 


TOBACCO  CULTCBB. 
By  Thos.  D.  Balrd,  OreenvtUf,  Ky. 

Tobacco  should  get  ripe  before  it  is  cut,  it 
makes  better  tobacco,  and  is  heavier.  In  general, 
when  the  leaf  will  break  by  pressmg  it  between 
the  thumb  and  finger,  in  the  double,  it  is  ripe. 
In  cutting,  great  care  should  be  used  in  the  hand- 
ling, for  the  quality  will  be  pretty  much  accord- 
ing to  this.  After  the  dew  is  dried  off,  cut  as 
much  as  can  be  handled  with  care,  before  it  is 
wilted  too  much,  and  save  from  sun -burn. 

Hang  it  on  the  stick  before  it  wilts  much,  and 
it  will  not  bruise  so  easily,  and  will  yellow  better 
and  cure  up  nicer.  Hang  eight  to  ten  plants  on 
a  four-foot  stick,  according  to  the  size  of  the  to- 
bacco. If  you  scaffold  the  tobacco,  hang  as  close 
as  you  can  press  the  sticks  together.  When  con- 
venient I  prefer  to  hang  up  in  the  barn  at  once, 
placing  the  sticks  eight  inches  apart  on  the  tiers. 
The  first  tier  should  be  seven  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  all  above  should  be  far  enough 
apart  that  the  tails  and  butts  will  not  lap  too 
much  they  should  lap  some  to  keep  the  wind 
from  flapping  the  tails  off  on  the  butts  of  the 
lower  tiers.  The  air  should  have  free  circulation 
80  that  the  tobacco  can  cure.  In  firing  it  make 
fires  of  good  solid  wood  ;  a  slow,  regular  fire  is 
best.  As  soon  as  it  is  well  cured  it  should  be 
stripped.  I  always  found  it  profitable  to  sell  for 
a  dollar  less  per  hundred  if  by  so  doing  I  could 
get  it  oflF  by  Christmas  rather  than  wait  until 
spring.  . 

In  stripping,  a  small  crop  should  be  sorted  into 
three  grades!  In  large  crops  make  as  many 
grades  as  you  have  distinct  classes  and  qualities 
in  your  crop.  This  is  very  important,  as  manu- 
facturers cannot  use  mixed  tobaccos  in  kinds  and 
qualities  without  pains  and  expense  in  .sorting, 
taal  the  planter  ought  to  take  and  save  to  him- 
self, the  better  prices  he  obtains.  In  sorting  a 
small  crop  put  the  ground,  ragged,  badly  worm- 
eaten,   or  otherwise  damaged  leaves,  on  the  plant 


ine  opposite  ciiu  K'l    viic   tj«p,   I"   .^i*......^.. --  — 

on  the  horse's  back,  not  thinking  that  another 
grist  of  grain  could  be  put  in  place  of  the  stone 
and  save  an  extra  trip,  and  at  same  time  get  two 
instead  of  one.  So  in  the  case  of  the  bedding,  use 
the  load  thrown  into  the  hole,  and  get  another 
from  the  woods,  and  havt  two  at  the  same  cost 
of  the  one,  that  thrown  away  is  of  double  or  per- 
haps more  value  than  the  pine  leaves.  As  long 
as  people  will  not  think,  and  save  both  in  time 
and  material  that  is  at  hand,  we  will  remain  poor. 
Through  the  various  phases  of  poor  management 
the  laiid  is  robbed  of  immense  quantities  of  the 
best  of  plant  food  at  the  very  gates  of  the  farm. 
No  excellence  can  be  .seen  in  saving  by  labor. 

When  the  sand  pile  was  placed  in  the  shade  of 
the  big  oak  tree,  the  children  wanted  to  know 
why  their  plav-ground  was  to  be  spoiled  by  that 
great  pile  of  dirt.  The  boys  told  them  that  their 
papa  was  going  to  make  mortar,  then  that  seemed 
to  annoy  and  fret  them;  but  when  the  boys  had 
driven  the  team  away  to  the  barn,  I  called  them 
them  to  me  and  showed  them  inhat  it  was  there 
for.  I  had  cut  a  bundle  of  cedar  and  pine  bough 
as  i  came  through  the  woods  from  the  sand-pit. 
I  asked  them  to  bring  out  all  their  toys.  What 
a  pile  there  was  of  them.  Many  were  old  gifts 
that  had  been  untouched  for  years  perhaps,  and 
almost  forgotten.  When  the  green  boughs  were 
cut  up  and  pointed  to  sticks,  being  of  various 
lengths  to  represent  trees  and  bushes  in  miniature, 
I  made  the  pile  of  sand  into  forms  of  hills  and 
valleys,  with  roads  and  supposed  streams,  fenced 
the  roadsides  and  farms  with  pieces  of  pine 
boards,  split  for  the  purpose,  made  bridges  of 
pieces  of  board,  and  used  the  logs  to  represent 
stock  of  various  sorts.  Crandall's  building  blocks 
were  now  just  the  thing,  making  really  life-like 
houses,  castles,  barns,  &c.,  that  were  hugely 
enjoyed  by  the  greatly  pleased  children.  This 
ha'lfhour  flew  by  faster  than  any  ever  experiencd 
by  them.  This  was  new  and  intensely  interesting 
4  


to  them,  bringing  out  all  the  ingenuity  they  pos- 
sessed. The  hours  that  had  hung  so  heavily  on 
their  unchanging  young  lives,  now  were  so 
pleasantly  passed  that  they  were  no  burden,  nor 
a  burden"  to  their  parents,  and  the  toys,  so  long 
an  almost  useless  thing  in  the  way,  were  of  value, 
both  as  a  source  of  pastime  and  developing  some 
good  to  profit  their  maturer  years.  They  could 
roll  and  tumble  here,  hour  a'fter  hour,  with  no 
danger  of  getting  their  clothes  covered  with  dirt. 
The"  heretofore  tired  mother,  often  worn  almost 
out  by  the  clamor  for  "something  to  do,"  or  to 
"  go  somewhere,"  was  now  pleased  to  find  time 
to  occa.sionally  aid  the  little  ones  to  so  change 
their  attempts  at  landscape  making  as  to  continue 
the  interest  they  had  in  their  new  plays,  and  to 
teach  them  by  real  example  in  their  play-work, 
that  there  are  no  excellent  forms  or  patterns  of 
real  life  work,  as  well  as  the  real  work  through 
life,  without  careful,  continuous,  and  patient 
labor. 

EGYPTIAN  OB  RICE  CORN. 
By  N.  J.  Shepherd,  Eldait,  Mo. 

This  really  belongs  to  the  sorghum  family.  It 
has  been  especially  praised  by  several  seedsmen 
and  agricultural  papers. 

.iVfter  giving  it  a  thorough  trial,  I  am  unable 
to  see  where  it  has  any  special  claims  over  other 
varieties  of  sorghum.  In  .some  respects  perhaps 
it  is  as  good  or"  even,  for  some  purposes,  a  little 
better,  while  it  fails  to  come  up  to  them  in  other 
respects.  When  first  introduced  i»  was  praised 
for  being  worth  far  more  than  its  real  value,  and 
many  who  purchased  the  seed  were  disappointed. 

It  "should  be  planted  and  cultivated  about  the 
same  as  other  sorghum.  The  soil  should  be  as 
clean  as  possible.  If  pains  are  taken  in  this  re- 
sjjeet  it  will  be  of  indiscribable  help  when  culti- 
vating. I  prefer  to  plant  in  drills ;  the  rows 
three  and  a  half  or  four  feet  apart;  the  plants 
should  stand  a  few  inches  apart  in  the  row.  Good 
soil  and  good  cultivation  are  necessary  to  raise  a 
profitable  crop.  It  is  the  early  cultivation  that 
really  makes  the  crop  ;  after  it  has  reached  a 
height  of  three  and  a  half  or  four  feet  it  will 
generally  take  care  of  it.self.  As  with  common 
sorghum,  I  prefer  to  cultivate  repeatedly  with 
the  cultivator  so  as  to  keep  the  surface  level. 
Keep  clear  of  weeds  at  the  start. 

It  resembles  the  old-fashioned  Gooseneck  cane 
in  its  manner  of  growing,  as  it  turns  down  and 
the  seed  ripens  hanging  downward.  The  seed  is 
almost  the  same  size  as  the  Orange  can,  but  is 
whiter  in  color.  My  experience  with  it  is  that 
it  will  not  yield.  I  'can  not  see  that  it  is  especi- 
ally valuable  for  general  cultivation,  like  a  great 
portion  of  new  things  termed  novelties.  From 
my  experience  with  it,  I  think  its  value  has 
been  considerably  overestimated. 


GATHEBINQ  CORN.— Om(inU€d  from  November. 
By  John  M.  StahU  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Corn  which  is  to  be  stored  up  for  some  time 
should  be  husked  and  silked  both.  A  silk  ad- 
hering to  the  ear  will  do  more  damage  than  halt 
a  dozen  husks.  It  will  absorb  more  moisture  and 
prove  a  greater  attraction  to  mice.  To  remove 
the  silk  in  gathering,  it  is  necessary  to  catch  the 
tip  of  the  ear  in  the  left  hand,  holding  the  silk 
in  that  hand  ;  with  the  right  hand  strip  back  the 
upper  husks;  then  catch  the  ear  in  the  right 
hand,  with  the  left  strip  back  the  silk  and  the 
under  husks,  and  grasping  the  butt  of  the  earin 
the  left  hand,  break  it  out  with  the  right.  This 
requires  more  movements  than  to  remove  the 
husks  only  ;  for  then  the  ear  can  be  grasped 
firmly  at  the  butt  with  left  hand,  the  upper  husks 
stripped  back  with  the  right  hand,  and  then  the 
ear  be  lifted  out  of  the  lower  husks  and  broken 
off  with  the  right  hand.  It  will  almost  invaria- 
bly come  out  clear  of  husks,  but  very  often  the 
sifk  will  remain.  By  this  method  corn  can  be 
gathered  somewhat  faster  than  when  the  silks 
are  removed,  but  when  the  corn  is  to  be  stored 
for  some  time,  I  would  recommend  the  removal 
of  the  silk.  ... 

When  corn  is  to  be  fed  immediately  or  within 
a  reasonable  time,  however,  there  is  no  need  of 
husking  it  so  clean,  or  of  silking  it.  It  a  few 
husks  and  silks  adhere,  they  will  occasion  no 
damage  until  the  corn  is  fed. 


Wait  until  you  see  our  annual  premium  list  ana 
.Tanuarn  number. ^^^__. 


ajTinrjCB^'^ ■  ■  a  ■kl^WrUlnKrtoroup/if.uMi'ffW 
PHwK  I  n  AnUbrmail  nr  personnlly. 

^'end  for  Circular.  VV.  ti.  CHAFFbfc.Uswego.J'.  i. 


FT>ORAI.  WORI,D.  superb.  Iir8t;d  «' ""nty'"- fr"",? 
1  ye^r  >fow  for  Ihls  ad.  and  24c.  Highland  Park.  111. 


New  Tested 


4k^m  GRAINS,  Northern-p-own.     -.-^  -- 
CEhu  (46  bu.  per  A.)  Wheat.  Oats,  Corn,  Potatoes, 
^t     etc.  PureSeedscbeap.  Plantsby  thousands.  Cat- 
Ir  ^alogue  free.  J.  F.  SAtZER,  La  CroBse.  Wis. 


THE  GREAT  "'^^^ 


OrlNCE.  "  MEECH'S    PRO- 

•    Sen 


Line  *•    Send  for  circular.  Largest 
.'oVk"l  Muibe'iVy  in  th'ecoantTj_.    ^I'^'i'llii"  {;"''J'''- 
HANCe  &  BOROt*.  Rumten  Wurttriei.  Rtn  b»wk.  b.  j. 


12 


lObrlstmas  and  New  Year  Hidden  Name  Cards  25c-.  S* 
lEnVhXrt  Chromof  10c.  Nassau  CardCo^NassauJLI: 


nlinlOTUHC  and  New  Year  Cards,  fine  art,  Impor- 
CHRISTMAS  Tpd  and  embossed,  set  of  4  laree  cards 
lOc  1-2ses,r5c.  Heavy  allk  fringe.  5  for  !Mc..l* 
for  SOcf    C   C.  DE  PITY.  SrraciiBe,  New  York. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


The  manner  of  gathering  corn  must  depend  to 
a  great  extent  upon  the  locality.  Thns  the  Con- 
necticut or  Pennsylvania  farmer  will  gather  his 
corn  with  mncii  greater  care  than  will  his  Illinois 
or  \ehrasl<a  brother.  When  a  New  England 
man  comes  West  and  begins  to  gather  his  corn  in 
baskets,  which  he  empties  in  the  wagon  when 
full,  he  is  sure  to  be  laughed  at  by  his  neighbors, 
and  the  next  season  lie  drives  his  two-horse 
wagon  over  a  row  wliile  lie  husks  two  rows  at 
one  side  and  his  hand  two  rows  at  the  other,  and 
a  boy  brings  up  tlie  rear,  gathering  the  ears  on 
the  stalks  knocked  down  by  the  wagon.  To  one 
not  accustomed  to  it,  tliis  apjiears  to  be  a  waste- 
Jul  way  of  gathering  corn  ;  but  not  necessarily  so. 
When  the  horses  are  allowed  to  eat  as  they  go 
along,  corn  is  wasted,  for  they  will  shell  off  mueli 
which  falls  to  the  ground  and  is  spoiled  before 
the  hogs  are  turned  into  the  field.  But  if  the 
horses  are  muzzled,  there  is  no  waste,  and  in  no 
other  way  can  corn  be  gathered  so  rajiidly. 

In  no  way  does  locality  more  affect  the  manner 
of  gathering  corn  than  in  the  modes  of  .saving  the 
stover.  How  carefully  is  this  gathered  and  saved 
in  some  localities,  and  yet  the  corn-grower  of  the 
West  does  not  consider  the  stover  to  be  corn  at 
all.  O  short  sighted  men!  when  will  you  learn 
that  you  are  wasting  gold  ?  The  Western  farmer 
raises  corn  for  the  ears ;  the  stover  he  considers  to 
be  a  necessary  evil.  In  some  sections  a  fodder 
shock  is  almost,  if  not  quite,  a  curiosity.  After 
the  corn  is  gathered  the  cattle  and  hogs  .are  turned 
into  the  field  to  pasture  the  stover ;  and  as  the 
work  of  gathering  is  continued  until  late,  and  the 
stock  cannot  be  admitted  until  the  field  is  done, 
often  all  the  animals  find  are  damaged  stalks. 
Long  before  the  blades  have  been  blown  to  the 
ground  by  the  winds  or  dashed  down  by  the  rains ; 
the  husks  have  browned,  then  bleached,  and  now 
are  almost  rotten;  even  the  upper  parts  of  the 
stalks,  which  the  cattle  would  have  eaten,  are 
broken  off  and  rotten,  covered  with  mud  on  the 
ground.  The  injury  to  the  land  liy  the  tramping 
of  the  stock  over  it  when  soft,  frequently  more 
than  destroys  the  profits  from  the  dry,  indigesti- 
ble, damaged  feed.  Fed  with  clover  or  callow- 
seed  meal,  a  pound  of  corn  fodder  equals  in  feed- 
ing value  a  pound  of  timothy  hay.  Then,  how 
great  is  the  waste  ?  T.ake,  for  instance,  Illinois, 
the  State  that  leads  in  the  production  of  corn.  It 
boasts  of  an  annual  crop  of  200,000,000  bushels  of 
shelled  corn  ;  but  nothing  is  said  of  the  16,000,- 
000,000  pounds,  or  8,000,000  tons  of  stover  prod- 
uced along  with  it,  for  that  is  almost  altogether 
wasted.  This  stover,  rightly  fed,  would  winter 
4,000,000  steers,  weighing  one  thousand  pounds. 
Ng  wonder  we  say  the  times  are  hard  and  that 
the  profits  of  our  farming  are  small.  It  will  be  a 
happy  day  for  us  when  "gathering  corn"  in- 
cludes gathering  the  stover,  and  when  the  fodder 
is  as  carefully  saved  as  the  ears  are  now. 


NUTS  FOB  WINTER  EVBNIN08. 

The  title  suggests  something  much  enjoyed  by 
boys  and  older  persons.  We  wonder  how  many 
nut  trees  are  growing  upon  the  reader's  farm — 
if  he  is  fortunate  to  own  one,  or  upon  his  father's 
farm,  should  the  reader  chance  to  be  of  the 
masculine  gender^  and  has  a  father  who  hiis  a 
farm.  But  the  girls  and  women  folk  need  not 
stop  reading  at  this  point  with  the  thought  that 
these  lines  are  written  only  for  men  and  boys. 
Nut  trees  grow  for  all,  and  if  we  mistake  not, 
this  idea  is  in  the  minds  of  the  village  lads  when 
they,  bags  in  hand,  make  their  pilgrimages  to 
the  neighboring  forests,  and  even  the  trees  in  the 
open  fields.  By  their  nut  trees  mauy  a  farmer 
learns  to  know  the  village  boys. 

This  all  goes  to  show  one  important  fact,  viz. : 
That  nuts  are  much  .sought  after,  and  are  highly 
prized  when  once  obtained.  How  many  kinds 
of  nut  trees  have  we  in  the  United 'States? 
Where  do  they  grow?  How  can  thev  be  more 
abundantly  produced?  The  leading"  group  of 
nut  bearing  trees  is  the  hickories,  which  com- 
prise the  genus  Carya.  The  name  Carya  is  from 
the  Greek,  meaning  walnut.  All  the  members 
of  this  genus  have  compound  leaves,  with  an  odd 
leaflet.  The  flowers  are  of  two  kinds ;  one 
kind,  the  male,  is  in  long,  pendent  clusters,  and 
the  other,  the  female,  which  remain  and  develop 
into  nuts.  Mr.  Faller,  in  his  recent  book  on 
"Practical  Forestry,"  describes  eight  species  of 
Caryas.  The  Shell-bark,  or  Shag-bark,  hickory 
(Carya  Alba)  has  the  upper  three  leaflets  of  each 
leaf  larger  than  the  others.  The  nut  is  white, 
four-angled,  with  a  sharp  point  at  the  apex.  The 
kernel  within  the  thin  shell  is  very  sweet  and 
excellent.  This  is  a  favorite  nut  among  boys  and 
other  persons.  The  common  name.  Shag-bark, 
is  given  to  this  tree  because  the  outer  bark  is 
hard,  and  separates  into  strips  that  remain 
attached  only  by  the  middle  portion.  This  tree 
furnishes  a  superior  timber,  used  in  making 
various   implements   where  strength  and   dura- 


bility are  all  important.  It  grows  throughout 
the  Northern  states,  as  far  west  as  Nebraska,  and 
south  to  Northern  Georgia.  There  is  a  Western 
Shell-bark  {C.  Sulcata)  sometimes  called  Thick 
Shell-bark  Hickory,  which  is  more  common 
we.st  of  the  .\.lleghenies  than  east  of  them.  The 
nuts  are  large,  but  the  kernals  are  small  in  pro- 
portion to  the  size  of  the  shell. 

The  White-heart  Hickory  (C.  Tormer  Sosa) 
has  the  lower  surface  of  the  young  leaves  downy. 
The  nuts  are  variable,  those  from  some  trees 
being  sweet,  while  others  are  worthless.  This 
tree  is  tall  and  slender,  with  bark  not  splitting 
ofi";  it  grows  in  most  parts  of  the  tree-bearing 
regions  of  the  United  States. 

The  Pecan  nut  {C.  Oiiva^formus)  is  a  most 
interesting  tree,  highly  prized  for  their  .size  and 
quality.  There  are  many  varieties,  but  the  nuts 
usually  assume  the  olive  shape^  as  indicated  in 
the  scientific  name.  This  is  a  Southern  and 
Western  tree,  being  partial  to  the  river  bottoms. 
This  tree  can  doubtless  be  cultivated  in  many 
localities  where  it  has  not  been  introduced.  Tlie 
wood  is  very  valuable. 

The  Pig  nut  (C.  Porcina)  has  a  pear-shaped  or 
oval  nut,  with  a  thin  hook  and  a  filter  kernel. 
It  is  a  large  tree,  with  smooth  bark,  in  many 
respects  it  is  similar  to  the  White-heart  Hickory, 
and  is  common  to  the  same  regions.  We  cannot 
recommend   the   cultivation  of  this  for  its  nuts. 

The  Bitter  nut  (C  Amara)  has  a  globular  nut, 
with  a  thin  husk,  and  intensely  bitter  kernel. 
This  is  a  small  tree,  common  in  low  land  from 
Canada  to  tlie  (!iulf  States. 

The  Water-hickory '( 6'.  AqVAxtica)  is  closely 
related  to  the  last,  with  nearly  the  same  charac- 
teristics. 

The  Nutmeg  Hickory  {C.  Myristicce/ormus)  has 
a  nut  shaped  like  the  nutmeg,  and  is  found  in 
the  low  lands  of  the  Southern  states. 

The  Chestnut  belongs  to  another  genus  from 
the  hickory  nuts,  viz. :  Caslanea,  which  is 
rejiresented  in  this  country  by  the  chestnut 
proper  [C.  Vesca,  variety  Americana),  and  the 
Dwarf  chestnut  or  Chinquapin  (C  Puviilax). 
The  excellence  of  the  chestnut  as  a  nut  cannot 
be  too  highly  prized,  and  the  tree  is  a  most 
valuable  one  for  timber.  The  wood  is  coarse 
grained,  strong,  and  durable,  and  is  extensively 
used  in  furniture  making.  The  chestnut  is  found 
from  Maine  to  Michigan,  and  south  and  west  to 
Arkansas.  It  is  a  fine  tree,  which  grows  tall  ami 
straight  in  the  forest,  and  low  with  a  much 
branched  top  in  the  open  field.  The  Chinquapin 
has  round  nuts,  only  one  in  a  burr,  and  is  a  small 
tree,  growing  on  sandy  ridges  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Gulfs. 

The  genus  Juglans  contains  two  important 
nut  bearing  species,  viz. :  The  Butter  nut 
(J.  Cineria),  and  the  Black  Walnut  (J.  Nigra). 
The  oblong,  clammy  nuts  of  the  Butter  nut  are 
familiar  to  most  country  people  in  all  the  North- 
ern states.  The  wood  is  light  and  durable.  The 
fruit  of  the  Black  Walnut  is  large  and  spherical, 
with  a  thick  shell  and  strong  flavored  kernel. 
The  wood  is  of  a  rich  brown  color,  hard,  suscep- 
tible of  a  fine  polish,  and  largely  employed  in 
cabinet  work.  This  is  a  fine  tree,  worthy  of 
vastly  more  attention  than  it  now  receives.  It  is 
widely  distributed  throughout  the  United  States. 

We  hope  to  follow  this  brief  summary  of  our 
nut-bearing  trees,  with  methods  of  their  propa- 
gation and  culture.  If  we  had  more  nut  trees  it 
would  not  be  so  difficult  to  keep  the  boys  on  the 
farm.  Carya. 

NOTES  ON  FARM  AND  GARDEN  FOE  NOVEMBER. 


By  W.  C.  Steele,  Switzerland,  Florida. 


I  am  sure  there  are  Golden  Opportunities  for 
bee  keepers  in  Florida;  yet  there  are  often 
serious  drawbacks.  Sometimes  a  drouth  in  sum- 
mer and  fall  will  cut  the  honey  crop  so  short 
that  instead  of  there  being  a  surplus  to  sell,  the 
bees  will  require  feeding  to  .save  their  lives.  Our 
winters  are  so  warm  that  bees  fly  all  through 
the  season,  and  there  are  very  few  honey-pro- 
ducing flowers  in  bloom  at  -that  time,  they 
require  a  large  stock  of  honey  in  their  hives 
to   carry   them   through.    There   are    very    few 


doing  anything  in  that  line  in  the  State,  and 
tiiose  who  really  understand  bee  keeping  are 
still  more  rare. 

In  making  hot  beds  for  "  Early  Gardening," 
if  you  have  plenty  of  manure,  it  is  a  great 
saving  of  time  and  labor  not  to  dig  a  trench. 
Build  up  a  square  pile  of  manure  two  feet  larger 
every  way  than  the  frame  of  your  bed,  being 
carefnl  to  tramp  it  well  and  keep  it  level  so  that 
it  will  settle  down  evenly.  Make  the  depth  to 
suit  the  season  of  yiar  and  the  crop  will  be 
grown.  Set  the  frame  on  the  manure  and  put  in 
the  earth  just  as  you  would  into  a  bed  made  in 
the  old  w.ay.  Then  bank  up  the  outside  of  the 
frame  to  the  top  with  more  manure.  This  is  not 
theory,  but  the  result  of  years  of  experience,  and 
has  been  tested  during  some  of  the  coldest 
winters  of  northern  Indiana.  If  more  beds  are 
wanted  they  can  be  made  along  side,  leaving  a 
foot  or  fifteen  inches  betwaen  the  frames.  A 
great  deal  of  nonsense  has  been  written  about 
the  waste  of  using  stable  manure  for  hot  beds. 
Of  course,  if  the  manure  "fire  fiings,"  as  it  is 
called,  or  burns  dry  and  look  white  and  mouldy 
when  forked  over,  there  has  been  waste.  But  if 
there  is  plenty  of  litter  (straw,  old  hay  or  leaves,) 
mixed  with  the  manure,  and  the  whole  mass 
soaked  with  water  as  it  is  tramped  down,  there 
will  be  very  little  loss.  When  the  manure  is 
hauled  away  it  will  be  found  to  be  black  and 
evenly  rotted  with  seldom  any  signs  of  burning. 
If  in  making  a  bed  in  cold  weather,  it  is  found 
that  the  manure  is  not  heating  satisfactorily,  by 
using  boiling  water  to  soak  the  pile  the  heat  can 
be  hastened  very  much. 

+ 
I  have  found  early  onions  quite  as  profitable 
as  beets  and  more  so  than  radishes.  In  fact  the 
latter  are  very  apt  to  be  so  wormy,  in  many 
places,  as  to  be  unprofitalde.  I  have  grown  crops 
of  them  where  not  one  in  half  a  dozen  would  be 
salable.  The  easiest  way  to  get  very  early 
onions  is  to  plant  out  old  onions  in  the  fall. 
Each  one  will  make  two  or  more  young  onions 
wliieh  will  usually  be  large  enough  to  sell  before 
the  seed  stalk  starts.  If  not,  then  the  seed 
stalks  should  be  broken  out  as  soon  as  they 
appear.  . 

1  think  that  if  I  were  going  to  build  a  green 
house  or  a  propagating  house  in  this  state,  I 
should  arrange  for  heating  it  artificially.  There 
are  often  times  when  it  would  be  better  than 
depending  on  the  sun,  even  150  miles  south  of 
this  place,  even  in  Orange  and  Volusia  counties. 
It  is  often  cold  enough  to  stop  the  growth 
of  tender  plants  when  there  is  no  frost,  and 
when  hot-bed  plants  are  once  stunted  by  cold 
they  are  very  hard  to  get  started  again.  I 
should  build  the  hou.se  10  feet  wide  with  a  four- 
foot  bench  on  each  side  and  a  two-foot  path  in. 
the  middle  or  else  si.x  feet  wide  with  a  four-foot 
bench  on  the  upper  side  and  a  two-foot  path  on 
the  lower.  The  length  of  the  house  would  be 
regulated  by  circumstances.  The  benches  should 
be  two  feet  and  a  half  above  the  path.  They 
must  be  made  very  strong  to  support  the  weight 
of  earth  necessary  to  grow  good  plants.  The 
best  way  is  to  have  2x4  scantlings  run  the  long 
way  of  the  bed,  supported  on  posts  and  lay  the 
boards,  for  the  bottom,  across,  then  if  one  rots 
off  it  is  much  easier  to  replace  it  than  if  they 
were  long  and  ran  the  other  way  of  the  bed. 
The  front  and  back  boards  should  be  six  or  eight 
inches  wide,  as  a  depth  of  five  to  six  inches  of 
earth  is  necessary  to  prevent  the  plants  from 
drying  too  easily.  If  I  were  not  going  to  have 
any  artificial  heat  in  the  house  I  should  not 
make  benches,  but  would  dig  ont  a  path  two  feet 
wide  by  two  or  two  and  a  half  deep,  boarding  up 
the  sides  to  prevent  them  from  caving  in.  Such 
beds  coulil  be  made  much  more  easily  and  cheaply 
than  benches.  They  would  not  require  so  much 
watering  and  the  plants  would  thrive  better  than 
on  benches.  In  case  of  cold  weather  these  beds 
would  not  cool  off  as  rapidly  as  those  set  up  oa 
posts. 


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FAYSICRAPES 

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BEST  MTOC 
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T  MTOCK| 
<fTHE  I 
OBI.I>     I 

NS  FIRST  J 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


A  MISERABLE  PEST. 
By  J.  W.  Sarrow.  Chatham.  N.  T. 

We  cannot  tliink  of  a  better  a|>|)ellation  for  the 
common  white  grub  (Lacliarslenia  J'^erscii),  than 
the  above.  It  is  death  to  almost  everything  in 
the  garden,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  practical 
plan  of  cliecliing  its  depredations.  On  a  small 
scale  something  may  be  done  to  thwart  their 
purpose,  but  not  on  a  large  scale. 

This  fall  we  hear  much  complaint  frcim  their 
injury  to  the  potato  crop;  they  eat  the  tubers 
until  there  is  no  goodness  left  in  them.  \\'e  do 
not  confound  them,  or  their  work,  with  the  wire 
worm,  or  anything  else.  It  is  the  "  miserable 
grub."  To  satisfy  our  own  curiosity,  we  lately 
dug  five  hills  at  various  points  in  a  field  said  to 
be  infested,  and  we  found  in  iive  liiUs  just  twenty- 
five  grubs.  If  we  had  been  digging  after  gruhs, 
we  should  have  thought  our  efforts  well  rewarded, 
but  if  after  potatoes,  quite  tlie  reverse,  for  there 
was  scarcely  a  souml,  smooth  tuber  in  tiie  lot. 
The  hired  iiiiin  said  the  patch  was  sometimes 
white  witli  grubs  when  he  had  been  digging. 
Think  of  iti  Five  gruljs  to  a  hill  all  over  the 
field.  A  potato  patch  stands  small  chance  with 
them. 

If  tU3  white  grub,  larva  of  the  M.ay  beetle, 
devoted  its  attention,  strictly  and  solely  to  this 
crop,  it  might  be  fouglit  to  some  advantage;  but 
it  cuts  off  the  young  corn  jdant  quite  lielow  the 
surface,  it  attacks  the  roots  of  young  fruit  trees, 
it  destroys  the  strawberry  beds,  it  cuts  the  let- 
tuce, it  consumes  tlie  potato  crop,  it  causes  the 
flowers  to  wither  and  die,  in  its  unblushing  bold- 
ness it  attacks  almost  every  live  root.  It  is  a 
"miserable  pest." 


BONE-DUST  FOB  MELONS. 


Bt/  ThonuM  D.  Bdird,  QrenivUlc,  Ky. 

The  melon  cro(>  is  getting  to  be  one  of  consid- 
erable importance  to  the  farmer  as  well  as  the 
gardener.  Tliis  l)eing  tlie  case,  a  few  items  on 
manures  for  melons  may  be  of  interest  to  your 
readers. 

la  the  spring  of  1883  I  planted  my  melons, 
using  two  tablespoonfuls  of  Homestead  fertilizer 
and  two  of  Tobacco  Grower  in  each  hill;  also  in 
each  hill  we  i)Ut  two  talilespoonfuls  of  bone-dust 
(the  bones  were  dissolved  in  ashes),  except  one 
row  running  through  tlie  middle,  in  this  row  no 
dust  wa.s  usecl.  When  all  the  vines  were  four  feet 
long,  looking  quite  rank,  this  row  was  only  two 
feet,  looking  well,  Init  farbeliind  the  other  vines. 
When  the  melons  were  ripe,  this  row  was  beliiud 
iu  size  and  quantity. 

This  last  spring  I  ]danted  my  melons  on  infer- 
ior .soil,  using  tlie  same  Homi'stead  fertilizer  on 
half  of  the  ground.  Four  spoonfuls  were  scat- 
tered on  the  iiiU  and  worked  in  the  soil.  On  the 
other  half,  one  gallon  stable  manure  and  four 
tablespoonfuls  of  b.me-dust  were  put  in  each  hill. 
This  bone-dust  was  a  considerable  portion  ashes. 
Wlien  the  vines  were  two  to  three  feet  iu  length, 
an  equal  quantity  ot  hen  manure  was  broailcast 
over  the  entire  patch,  On  tlie  half  that  the  fer- 
tilizer was  used,  there  were  but  few  .saleable 
melons,  while  on  the  half  that  bone-dust  was 
used  there  w.is  hut  few  that  were  not  large,  nice, 
saleable  melons.  From  my  experience  with 
bone-dust,  I  urge  the  readers  to  avail  tliem- 
-selves  of  this  cheap  fertilizer  for  their 
melons  and  cucumbers.  Now,  the  season  for 
lulling  beeves  is  at  hand,  carefully  save  all  the 
bones.  Collect  all  the  old  bones  that  are  lying 
about  the  (iremises,  giving  it  a  golgotha  appear- 
Jiuce.  Do  not  be  afraid  to  take  hold  of  them. 
A.  farmer  must  be  bold  and  fearless  in  such  things, 
if  he  would  succeed. 


Oi^GHAi^D  AND  Small  Fi^uits 


SELECTING  VARIETIES  OF  FBUIT. 


By  L.  H,  Bailey,  Jr.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Whether  or  no  an  orchard  returns  a  profit  to 
the  owners  will  depend  in  a  great  measure  upon 
the  kinds  of  varieties,  and  the  number  of  each, 
which  it  'ontains.  There  is  probably  no  greater 
mistake  among  orchardists  than  that  of  neglecting 
to  give  much  thought  to  the  kinds  of  varieties  to 
be  planted.  Care  in  the  selection  of  varieties,  is 
the  first  stone  in  the  foundation,  the  first  step  to 
success.  It  is  to  the  orchardist,  what  the  selec- 
tion of  the  breed  is  to  the  stock-raiser. 

There  are  several  things  to  be  taken  into  con- 
sideration iu  the  selection  of  varieties.  For 
profit,  an  apple  must  emnbine  these  three  quali- 
ties and  preferably  in  tlie  order  named  ;  hardiness, 
productiveness,  and  good  qnalitij.  These  terms 
are  all  relative.  .\n  apple  which  is  hardy  in  one 
part  of  the  eoniitry,  may  not  be  hardy  in  another 
part ;  the  same  is  true  of  productiveness,  and  to  a 


less  extent  of  quality  also.  Hence,  the  subject 
ot  the  selection  o(  varieties  must  be  a  local  qties- 
tion.  The  same  apple  may  not  succeed  in  ditter- 
ent  i)arts  of  the  same  State.  I  have  known  good 
Sour  Boughs  to  be  raised  abundantly  while  sixteen 
miles  from  a  place  where  they  grew  small,  black, 
gnarly.  In  setting  a  young  orchard,  if  the  grower 
has  not  had  jiersonal  experience  in  his  locality, 
the  safest  plan  to  pursue  is  to  visit  all  the  apple 
growers  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  and  to  ascer- 
tain the  most  satisfactory  varieties.  Ask  what 
apjiles  endure  extremes  of  weather  best,  which 
ones  bear  the  best,  which  are  handsomest  and 
best  in  quality,  and  which  ones  keep  the  longest. 
It  is  not  necessary  that  experienced  orchardists 
live  in  the  neighborhood  in  order  that  this  infor- 
mation may  be  secured.  Selc'et  several  of  the 
most  promising  varieties  grown  liy  the  neighbors, 
and  as  an  additional  guide  write  to  the  leading 
dealers  of  the  market  to  which  you  will  ship, 
asking  what  ones  of  your  list  will'meet  the  best 
demand  in  the  market.  Experienced  dealers' 
judgements  are  invaluable  in  this  matter,  but 
they  do  not,  of  course,  cover  the  SHbjects  of 
hardiness  and  productivenes.  What  dealers  can 
.sell  best,  is  not  always  what  farmers  can  raise 
best.  Some  apples  are  nearly  cosmopolitan. 
Such,  for  instance,  is  the  Baldwin,  which  is  a 
superior  variety  from  Maine  to  Michigan.  But 
even  in  this  case  there  are  localities  in  the 
Northeastern  States  where  some  other  varieties 
are  preferable  for  winter  markets  to  Baldwins. 

The  varieties  once  decided  upon,  plant  enough 
of  each  variety  to  pay  for  the  hauling.  Fifty  bar- 
rels of  Gravensteins  are  worth  as  much  as  seventy- 
five  barrels  of  mixed  apples  of  similar  size. 
Plant  each  variety  by  itself.  It  is  a  most  exas- 
jierating  operation  to  be  obliged  to  pick  Baldwins 
first  'none  corner  of  the  orchaid,  then  in  another. 
An  orchard  of  five  hundred  trees,  if  .set  for  profit, 
should  not  contain  more  than  five  varieties,  and 
on  an  average,  four  of  the  five  should  be  winter 


THE  LIMBERTWIG. 

ap]iles.  Three  varieties  are  preferable  to  six.  I 
recall  a  story  of  a  jirominent  jiomrdogist,  who, 
when  asked  what  varieties  he  would  jdant  in  an 
apple  orchard  of  one  thousand  trees,  re]>lied, 
"^Nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  Baldwins," 
When  asked  what  the  other  tree  would  be,  he 
replied,  "I  should  make  that  a  Baldwin,  too." 


THE  LIMBBBTWIO  APPLE. 

We  give  this  month  a  cut  of  an  apple  for  our 
readers  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  states. 
The  Limbertwig  is  a  medium-sized  apple,  of  a 
deep  dark  crimson  color,  roundish,  oblate  in  form, 
firm  fleshed,  does  not  bruise  easily,  and  is  most 
valuable  for  its  long  keeping  qualities  ;  keeping 
easily   in   the   Middle   States  until   May.     This 


apple  is  more  ajjt  to  shrivel  up  than  rot.  A  rot- 
ten one  is  seldom  seen.  It  is  the  best  keeeping 
apple  ill  North  Carolina,  where  it  originated. 
The  tree,  as  its  name  indicates,  has  slender  bran- 
ches and  of  droojiing  habit,  but  the  tree  is  a  good 
grower,  a  young  and  an  abnndaut  bearer,  and 
hangs  well  late  on  the  tree.  This  apple  succeeds' 
well  in  wet  soils  and  dry  sands,  and  in  the  South' 
is  a  valuable  mountain  api>le,  and  a  good  keeper 
everywhere.  It  is  one  of  a  list  of  Southern 
seedlings  tliat  will  prove  one  of  the  most  valua- 
ble keepers  where  long  keeping  apples  are 
desired. 

PRDIT  NOTES. 

For  the  information  of  our  readers  who  wish  to 
test  the  Comet  and  Lawson  pear,  we  would  say 
they  are  claimed  to  be  the  same  pear,  only  the 
introducers  of  them  each  gave  what  seemed  to 
them  an  appropriate  name.  We  wish  the  pear 
had  but  the  one  name,  as  two  names  will  lead  to 
confusion,  and  when  both  names  get  before  the 
public  it  will  be  difficult  to  make  change.  Why 
not  at  once  make  the  change  1 

The  fruit  crop  this  year  has  been  unusuallyi 
large,  and  prices  have  ruled  low.  It  is  not  proba- 
ble that  the  crop  will  be  as  heavy  next  year. 

Much  discussion  has  taken  place  in  regard  to 
the  culture  of  pear  trees,  and  allowing  the  land 
to  lie  in  grass  without  cultivation.  The  idea 
seems  to  grow  that  the  blight  is  in  a  measure 
prevented  by  seeding  the  pear  orchard  to  grass 
as  soon  as  the  pear  trees  are  well  rooted.  The 
grass  should  not  be  pastured,  but  let  lie  to  act  as 
a  mulch.  t 

Strawberries  should  not  be  mulched  with 
coarse  manure  and  litter  until  after  the  ground 
is  frozen.  If  covered  earlier  the  mnleh  often 
smothers  the  strawberries  when  the  ]ilants  are 
not  iu  a  dormant  condition.  After  a  hard  freeze 
there  is  no  danger.  • 

Potash   salts  are  still  founa  useful  in   peach 

f rowing.      Their    use    will    doubtless    increase, 
he  kainit  (crude  sulphate)  is  very  cheap,  and 
found  very  beneficial.     Ashes  and  lime  are  also 
good  for  peach  orchards. 
4" 
While  in   most  sections    of   the   cotintry  the 
apple  crop  is  large,  yet  in  some  sections  where 
the  May  trost  injured  them  the  crop  is  light,  as 
in  some  parts  of  Connecticut. 
4" 
If   not  already   done,   cut  scions    for   spring 
grafting.     No   matter  if  they  are   frozen  when 
cut,  if  they  are  at  once  buried  in  the  soil,  but  if 
thawed  out  rapidly  they  w  ill  dry  out  and  die. 
Scions  are  best  buried,  and  dug  when  wanted  for 
spring     grafting.      Select    now   the    kinds    you 
would  like  to  jiropagate,  and  he  ready  to  graft 
when  spring  comes.     Early  grafting,  as  a  rule, 
succeeds  better  than  late  grafting. 

Much  has  been  said  in  the  Mis.sissippi  Valley 
in  regard  to  wet  and  dry  orchard  sites.  Mr.  B.  F. 
Johnson,  of  Illinois,  deems  low  ground  better 
than  the  high  ridges.  We  believe  that  the  expo- 
sure <'f  orchards  to  drying  winds  on  high  ridges 
is  very  injurious,  but  not  all  varieties  will 
flourish  in  low  grounds.  Some  varieties  of  apple 
will  not  flourish  in  a  wet  soil,  while  others  will 
do  well.  ^Ve  wish  some  of  our  readers  would 
give  their  experience,    j- 

The  Wealthy  apple  still  seems  as  popular  as 
ever  for  cold  regions  where  the  tree  must  be  an 
iron-clad.  The  Wealthy  is  a  fine  apple  in  regard 
to  size,  color,  early  productiveness,  good  for 
cooking,  and  dessert.  Our  Northern  friends 
should"  try  the  Wealthy.  The  Wealthy  is  too 
early  to  be  valuable  for  the  Middle  states,  earlier, 
perhaps,  than  the  Baldwin!,  but  much  hardier. 


HIGH  CUSS  POULTRY  AND    PIGEONS.     Best  varieties  of 
Fine  Birds  birds  at  iiioderale  prices.    JSeufl  smiun  for 
large  illustrated  circulars.    R.  Vanderhoven,  Rahivay,  a.  J. 


NEW  STRAWBERRIES. 

Free  <  'iiiali^iie  i^ives  lull  •It-.'^cription  ut  all  worthy  of 
piiltivatiiiii.  l*ot  or  lavrr  plants  iu>\v  n-ailv  for  ^um- 
mpr  or  Fall  ]>l;uiiiiiu'.  Fruil  next  June.  Exira  stock  at  lair 
prices.    UALk  IIKOS.,  So.  t;iiistoiibur>«  C'oiiu. 


PEAR  AND  OTHER  TREES. 

2  A   NEW  BERRIES  CpllliSl) 


Marlboro  Raspberry. 
EARLY  CLUSTER  BLACKBERRY. 

Catalogue  Free.     JOHN  S.  COLLINS.  MOORCSTOWN/N.  J. 


PEACH   TREES  suiUMi  to  all  sections.    APPLK  trees,  extra 

loDK  kc-eping  varii'tio.-.      Kieflcr  anrl   Leconte  Peara.     A  full  lini:  or  al) 

kinds  of  Nursery  Stock  chfap.     Tree's,  Grape-Vines.  Sninll  Fruit  an>t 

other  plauts  t>v  mail,     rataltiiiucs  showing  howand  wliat  to  plant,  fre<; 

liAXDOLPlI    PETEB8,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 


TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS. 

6RAP£  VINES  and  SMALL  FRUITS. 

Heavy   Stock,   liront  A'nrlcty,   I-ow  Prices,    Free  *  ota- 
loffue.  J.  JENKINS,  Winona,  Columblanii  Co.,  Ohio. 


1S3S-1SS*4. 


THE  LARGEST 

A.M>  M<»T    ItKAVTlFlL- 

EjflLRLY  F»EA.R. 

RipeniiiLT  in  Ci-niral  Ni-w  Yurk  early  In 
July,  and  sells  at  highest  prices.  St-nd  for 
history  of  Origiiinl  Tree.  100  yrs.  ol<l. 
ii/y  Ilcndqiiartors  Inr  KIEFFER 
l*car!*,      PA  U  11  Y     Sirn^vbrrries. 

^.^     WILSON    .IINIOR    Ularkhiriirs, 

31.\ltI^HOKO     Huspluriii's.     ninl    GllAFKS. 
WILLIAM    PARRY,    rurry  V.  O.,  Kew   Jersey. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


The  Massachusetts  Hor;ieultuial  Society,  in 
their  discussion  on  grapes,  nainetl  the  Concord, 
Moore's  Early,Worden  and  DelaHare,  as  grapes 
that  could  be  relied  on  in  Massacliusetts.  The 
Concord  fails  to  ripen  one  in  four  or  five  years, 
but  is,  as  elsewhere,  a  hardy  and  valuable  grape. 
The  Brighton  was  excellent,  but  sometimes  mil- 
dews. The  Francis  E.  Hayes  was  promising 
white  grape,  but  not  yet  fully  tested. 
>!■ 

The  year  this  number  closes,  has  been  one  of 
fruitfulness.  The  promise  we  had  of  an  abund- 
ance of  fruit,  by  the  profusion  of  the  blossoms 
last  sprintr,  was  generally  fulfilled. 

Tlie  untimely  frost  last  May,  injured,  and  to  a 
great  extent  ruined  the  fruit  crop  of  Connecticut 
and  a  portion  of  New  York,  and  to  a  small  extent 
elsewhere,  did  not  seriously  injure  the  generally 
abundant  crop.  A  portion  of  Maryland  had  a 
light  crop  of  fruit;  but  1.SS4  has  l>een  a  year  of 
abundance.  The  outlook  for  fruit  the  coming 
year,  especially  apples,  is  not  good.  So  many 
trees  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  have  been  ruined 
by  the  cold  dry  winters  of  the  past  two  years, 
that  the  trees  are  not  very  vigorous,  and  many 
trees  are  so  far  ruined  that  their  recovery  is 
doubtful.  The  dry  weather  over  so  large  ajior- 
tion  of  the  States,  will  seriously  injure  the  fruit 
prospects  of  1885.  What  we  need  is  a  moderate, 
warm  and  wet  winter  and  an  early  spring,  and 
we  may  have  a  fair  fruit  prospect  tlie  coming 
year. 

Our  readers  have  had  an  opportunity  to  see 
how  well  the  old  varieties  of  small  truits  have 
done  with  you  as  well  as  the  new  ones.  You  are 
now  prepared  to  plant  more  largely  next  year  of 
the  varieties  you  know  that  do  well.  We  have 
tried  to  keep  you  informed  in  the  past,  as  we 
shall  in  the  tutiire,  of  all  the  new  fruits  that  you 
might  find  worthy  of  a  trial.  You  now  have  the 
leisure,  on  tliese  cold  stormy  Decemljer  days,  to 
make  out  a  list  for  spring  planting  of  1885. 
4- 

The  Le  Conte  pear  is  being  tried  extensively 
as  a  stock  on  account  of  its  vigor,  for  stocks  for 

f rafting  standard  pears.  It  is  too  soon  yet  to 
now  the  value  of  tlie  Le  Conte  as  a  stock  for 
such  purposes ;  but  if  successful  will  make  a  new 
era  in  pear  growing.  Tlie  Le  Conte  pear  is 
reproduced  from  cuttings  easily. 

In  select!  ng  a  place  for  an  orchard  in  a  locality 
where  the  trees  are  apt  to  winter-kill,  do  not 
select  a  southern  exposure,  for  the  trees  are  tlieii 
more  apt  to  winter-kill  than  when  planted  on  a 
northern  exposure.  The  repeated  freezing  and 
thawing  of  the  south  side  of  the  hill,  with  tlie 
the  sun  drying  the  branches,  will  injure  a  tree 
more  than  severe  cold.  Dry,  cold  weather,  long 
continued,  will  winter-kill  a  tree  when  a  damp 
air  thirty  or  forty  degrees  would  not  injure  it. 
Sudden  changes  from  cold  to  warm,  as  is  eoniinon 
on  the  south  side  of  an  orciiard,  is  very  injurious. 
The  dry  air  of  the  North-west,  winter-kills  more 
trees  than  the  cold.  Branches  protected  by  snow 
from  dry  air  are  never  winter-killed,  no  matter 
how  severe  may  be  the  cold  winter. 
+ 

Dwarf  Pe.vrs  or  St.\xdakp.s.— P.  T.  Quinu, 
speaking  from  twenty-five  years'  experience  in 
growing  pears  for  profit,  and  from  unusual  oppor- 
tunities for  observation,  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe,  says  iu  the  New  York  Tribune : — "If  I 
were  alioiit  to  plant  a  pear  orchard  now,  and 
could  get  dwarf  trees  for  nothing,  and  was  com- 
pelled to  pay  five  hundred  dollars  a  thousand  for 
standards,  I  would  not  hesitate  a  moment  in 
making  a  selection  of  standards.  The  tempting 
theory  that  dwarfs  will  bear  fruit  in  a  couple  of 
years  from  the  time  of  plantii:g,  is  a  dangenuis 
and  bad  tlieory  to  practice.  .\  jiear  tree  should 
not  be  allowed  to  bear  any  fruit  until  it  is  five  or 
si.v  years  in  place,  and  one  healthy  standard  pear 
at  twelve  years  of  age,  is  worth  a  dozen  of  dwarf 
trees,  kept,  as  dwarfs,  at  the  same  age." 

Winter  Vakietie.s  of  Trees. — According  to 
the  American  Fanner,  B.  G.  Buell,  a  well-known 
orchardist,  of  Michigan,  finds  top  grafted  trees  on 
such  hardy  stock  as  Northern  Spy  and  Duchess 
of  Oldenburg  to  withstand  tlie  eflects  of  intensely 
cold  wintsrs  much  better  than  root-grafted  trees; 
and  the  Red  Canatla  top-grafted  on  the  Northern 
Spy  nearly  escaped  in  the  unjirecedented  cold  of 
1875  and  1873,  when  others,  such  as  the  Baldwin, 
were  killed  outright.  Tompkins  County  King 
was  much  injured  by  this  intensely  cold  winter, 
anil  the  trunks  were  split  and  many  of  the  larger 
branches  killed.  Wherever  the  trees  thus  in- 
jured were  severly  pruned  and  shortened  in,  tlie 
trees  were  saved  ;  those  iu)t  jn-nned  died  in  a  few 
years,  thus  showing  the  injury  a  trees  suffers 
from  neglect  iu  removing  dead  limbs. 


The  New  Orleans  E.xposition,  which  commen- 
ces on  the  16th  of  December,  will  be  tlie  largest 
Exposition  of  the  kind,  and  will  probably  be  the 
largest  exhibition  of  fruits  ever  held.  The 
premiums  are  large,  and  the  list  extensive,  and 
will  draw  an  exhibit  from  all  parts  of  the  world, 
and  of  all  the  varied  classes  offruits,  both  tem- 
jierate  and  tropical.  Owing  to  the  changes  now 
introduced  by  cold  storage,  fruits  can  now  be 
kept  sound  long  after  their  season  of  ripening. 
This  fact  will  allow  many  of  the  fruits,  such  as 
peaches  and  pears  and  some  of  the  tropical  fruits, 
to  be  shown  much  beyond  their  usual  season,  and 
visitors  will  see  those  fruits  in  fine  condition, 
and  the  fruit  exhibit  will  be  one  of  great  value 
to  the  visitor. 

4- 

Wood  Ashes  in  the  Orchard. — Among  the 
most  common  and  most  valuable  of  special  ma- 
nures 1  place  wood  ashes,  says  Prof.  Kedzie. 
The  amount  of  asli  and  its  relative  composition 
vnrv  with  the  kind  or  part  of  vegetable  burned, 
liut'we  may  safely  take  the  ash  of  the  body  of  a 
beech  tree  "as  rejiresenting  the  average  composi- 
tion of  wood  aslies.  One  bushel  of  ashes  repre- 
sents about  two  and  a  half  tons  of  dry  body 
wood.     \Vood  ashes  contain  all  the  required  ele- 


ments of  plant  nutrition  except  nitrogen.  One 
Imndred  pouuds  of  wood  ashes  contains  sixteen 
liouuds  of  potash  worth  80  cents,  three  and  one- 
lialf  pouuds  of  soda  worth  2  cents,  sixty-seven 
])r)unds  oi  lime  and  magnesia  worth  8  cents,  and 
five  and  one-fourth  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid 
worth  26  cents.  If  we  had  to  buy  in  market  the 
cheapest  form  the  manurial  materials  contained 
in  one  hundred  pounds  of  ashes  tlie  cost  would 
be  .$1.16.  Can  you  aflbrd  to  throw  away  such 
valuable  materials,  or  sell  them  for  sixpence  a 
bushel  to  the  soap  boiler?  No  argument  is 
needed ;  here  is  the  value  and  there  is  the  selling 
price.     Draw  your  own  conclusions. 

Apples  for  export  must,  at;  no  distant  day, 
attract  the  fruitgrowers  attention  if  he  looks  "to 
his  interest  and  profit.  The  English  plan  of 
selling  all  fruit  at  auction  at  one  place  on  arrival 
at  Liverpool,  and  in  the  hasty  manner  with 
which  such  sales  are  made  is  not  conducive  to 
uniform  prices  for  the  best  fruit,  nor  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  shipper.  What  we  need  is  a  good 
American  commission  house,  where  apples,  on 
arrival,  can  be  sorted,  and  then  placed  for  exami- 
nation and  sale.  Such  a  plan  would  open  a  wide 
field  for  profitable  exportation. 


THE  DAVIS 

STUMP  PULLER. 

Received  fenteniiial  Medal. 
Is  now  in  vise  in   Canada,  and 
nearly  everv  part  of  tlie  U.S. 

LlFT  '20  TO  50  TONrS. 
stands  on  niniifrs,  worked  by 
two  men.  o  siz*fs.  Price  $3.d  to 
STiJ.  Circulars  free.  Manulau- 
tured  by  H.  I^.  BENNETT. 
W'esterviUe,  Franklin  Co.,  O. 


POTTED  CTRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

FOU  S\LK.  .Iiiinbo.  SIOO  a  dozen;  Prince  of 
Berries.  St. 00a  du/.tiK  Aiantic.  SI. 00  a  doz.  Dan- 
Boone.  lay.-i-  i.lains.  SI.50  a  H.«t.  by  ^xpn-ss. 

JAS.  L.llM»I>('OTT.  Jr..  Mount  Holly.  Hew  Jersev. 


14  for  511.00  V%^%OFO  1«*  Qiinlitj  only. 

H     "  ..M>  KC  I^^^IOO.OOO    Plants     ttt 

:i     "  ,'25  ■  ■^^^'^^^  o.inalU    low   prioe». 

THOMAS  C.   HAROLD,    Kingston.   Somerset  Co.,   Marylaad. 


This  defiant  IxK  rolie-i  K"'*^  Parisian 
Diamund  King,  free  to  every  one  send- 
ing 50e  fur  a  trial  subscription  of  13 
weeks  to  the  Yankee  Blade,  the 
oldeat  and  best  weekly  family  atury 

paper  in  America.    It  has  HlHrc:epagei 

full  ot  Stories,  P.ietrv,  Household  Receipts.  Wiltv  Sayinja, 
Lauehahle  sketches.' etc.  etc.  Send  at  once  fi.rthe  bestoffer 
efermadt;     Address.  Yankee  Blaue,  lioSTi-s.  Mass. 


S.  W.  STERRETT,  Barnitz,  Pa., 

r,)owpr..rcli<,iep  SKKO  <»AT!S,  C'OIIN,  WHEAT, 
linil  POTATOES.    C'ntnloeue  free. 


THE  SRAN6ER  FAMILY  FUI'IT  AND  VEGETABLE 

EVAPORATORS. 

S3..>0.   S»i.(IO.    A>"l>    NlO.OO. 

Seii'l  lorrin  iil:.t.  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'G  CO..  i68  S.  Fillli  St.  Phllla. 


KA  HANDSOME  t'HRO.MO  CAUDS  with  yuur 
0\f  name  iifiitlv  iirintecl,  only  10  ns.  Agents  wanlfrt. 
Krvstoiic  Card  Co..  U12  Nevatia  Street.  Plnlad  a.  Pa. 


GRAPE 


y||JCQPo'keepNieKed,ri. 
vllvLOrxK'r  Prolihc.  Frim- 
cis  B-IIayt" >!i,.>l«<ire'»  Enrly, 

and  all  the  best  new  and  old  varie- 
tie.'^.  TDf  to  nam'-.  New  Siraw- 
berries,      Kii-^pberries,     etc. 


$2  for  18c. 

It  has  been  oar  casU'in  to  offer 
'  1.  ',  v.'ar  a  sample  package  of  ooT 
I ;',t  Fringe  Cnrislii.as  and  New 
-  <irds  at  cost,  to  introduce 
I  dirtil  to  thepeoyle.etiabling^ 
,  to  buv  direct  and  protect 
.-_    .      ,:  _  ',  ^       _■     ■' j  I  Ues  from  llie  home  dealers' 

1        ~    .r    .  "  'J  1    I.arre  Imported  Curds, 

.,,,,,, ^    ..,;    1  rin^'c    lilrth.luv,    Clirlfttmoft    and  Ncw 

Year's,  assorted  dJIums  for  onlv  i»  cents,_postp.'^id  to  any  person 
returning  ihisadTertiseiiientwithin  SOdavs.  Thispackajreordincrily 
sells  forls.OO  and  will  not  be  sent  to  dealers.  Satisfaction  (rnar- 
•nteed.    THE  R.  L.  SPEN'CER  CO.,  Importers,  Hartford,  Cono. 


CRAZY 


rATCHWllRK.  sample  pieces 
of  elegant  silk,  all  different,  and  cut 
so  as  to  make  one  1'2-incli  block  of 
craz.v  piUrlu-ork.  with  diat^rani  sliowiii-;  hnw  to  put 
tiien'i  lut^fiher.  and  a  varietv  nf  new  stilclu-^,  fnr  35 
eeiits.  We  send  a  set  of  3."i  Pei'forateil  Pnttei-ns, 
wiirkini.'  size,  of  birds.  huHerllics.  L-oixs,  heetlts.  spiders 
and  Web.  rentiles.  Kate  Greenaway  tigures,  H()Wers.etc., 
with  material  for  transferrins  to  the  silk,  for  60  reiiis. 
Onr  book  "How  to  Mnice  Home  Beautiful" 
teaches  all  the  embroiderv  stitches,  and  a  variety  of 
Patchwork  stitches.  Price  1,5  cents.  AH  the  above 
*1.00,  post-paid.    J.  L.  Pntten,  35  W.  14th  St.,  N.  Y. 


lahlished 
IH85.— 


FfllRVIEW  NURSERIES!!' 

200  A(  If  IS  IN  FK  riT  TR  EES  AND 

S.UAl.I.  FKllT  1'1,ANT.S. 
1'23.000  i'eaili  Trees,  ehuue  Kiellpr  and 
Le  t'oiilc  Pear  Trees.  All  kiuils  »f  nur- 
sery slock.  Small  fruits,  and  OsacEe  Or- 
ange specialties.  Send  for  price-list.  Ad- 
dress. j_  PERKINS.  MOORESTOWH.  N.J. 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice  Trees.  Vines,  and  Plants.  All  the  new  varieties. 
Manchester  str.awberries.  Hanseli  KHspl)erru-s.  KielTer 
Pear  Trees.  Pencil  Trees  a  siieeialty.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red -Bank,  N.  J. 


IRON 


Hog  Scalders;  Heat  water  quickly, 
wind  the  botrsout  of  the  water  save 
much  time  and  labor.  Circulars  Iree. 
JaineH  (inrdiner.  Mantua.  H.  J. 


$35 


M  ADI  DHDn  Hanseli  i;  other  Ku.«*i>berries.Pn>«/M( 
lllftnLDUnUy>'>,  JUEL  iiuicm:kx  sl^^..'n^■^^^lan^^^le.^■J. 


ALL  SENT  FREE 

WE  will  send  the  HOCSEnoLD   «fc   FAKM, 
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SO  Elrgant  Scrap  Piotures,  CO  Brilliant 
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Pomilar  Soag.,  1  Puns  in  Boots  l»i -ture, 
lO  Complete  StorU.,  lOO  Autograph  Al- 
bum Vcr.ce,  'IV  .ny«on''  Poem.,  1  Copy 
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31  cents  for  all.  Address,  MASON  .fc  CO.,  Pub- 
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STRAWBERRIES. 

>IAVKINGIor  the  BEST  EARLY.  CONNEt  TICl^ 
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$1 


Gets  a  dollar's  wi.rth  nf  Slra^bcrrj   .nnd 
Raspberry  plant-  un.l  mnnthly  tnnt  paper 

g-e^AdSS  FRU  IT  NOTESs;:;:^"^ 


€/3ShotCun 


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J.  U  U  cards  for  10c.    C.  C.  DkPUY,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

MiT  NEVER  FAILS.M 

.?™;!,ieVaciia"  Siberia  Bush  Powder;  S?st™y« 

Noble  A.  Taj  lor.  Manuir.  105  Clarl<  SI..  Brooklyn.  N.  V. 

PEACH  TREES.^);VLr trade" 

our  usual  heavy  stock  of  Peach  Tre.s.  i  Purchasers  of 
large  lots  should  corresp..nd  with  iis.  i  Also,  all  kinds 
of  Frait.  Shaite.  anil  Oinaiiienlal  Trees,  and 
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NEWNmnApDAPlIC 
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i833!kieffer's  hybrid  pear 


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CATALOGUE   '    "'IS'-^'"'"' 

REE!   i    coRNeuA 


STRAWBERRIES 
And  otiur  CHOICE   SWIALU    FRUITS. 
iii^  rT^R^w-BtnnitD  greenhouse  and  bedding  plrnts. 

SFE  IT,H'STRATEI)  CAT.VI^OtJtlE.  FREE. 
orrt      I       Mil  I  CD     RIDCEWOOO  MJKSEKIES 

GEO.  L.  InlLLLn,    stockton,  ohio. 


n.  S.  ANDERSON,  I'NION  SPRINGS.  N,  Y, 


6 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


OUi^Flowbi^ 
Gai^dbn. 


Winter  Blooming  RrLns. 

Wo  imagine  tliat  by  lliis  time  mauy  of  our  new 
subscribers  who  recdiveii  bulljs  from  us  are  enjoy- 
ing a  beautiful  feast  of  flowers,  and  be  the  envy 
of  their  neighbors.  Of  eourse  all  now  wish 
they  had  bought  some,  and  fully  intend  to  do  so 
next  season.  The  roots  that  are  now  showing 
flower  spikes  must  now  be  brought  into  a  warmer 
plaee,  and  close  to  tile  glass.  Watering  must  be 
attended  to  regularly,  and  a  little  manure  water 
now  and  then  will  give  them  strength  and  large 
flower  spikes.  Do  not  bring  them  all  in  at  onee, 
but  prolong  the  show  of  flowers  as  long  as  i)ossi- 
ble.  Crocus,  if  planted  in  pots  or  boxes,  will 
need  a  much  cooler  place,  and  will  require  more 
air  as  well,  or  else  they  will  not  bloom. 

Lilies, 
If  placed  in  the  cellar,  may  also  be  brought 
forward  and  forced  a  little,  no  doubt  Ijy  this  time 
the  pots  are  full  of  roots.  Small  pots  are  best 
for  Lilies  to  liegin  with,  ami  wlien  the  leaf  stalk 
is  well  aliove  tlu*  sf>il  tbey  may  be  shifted  into  a 
larger  pot,  setting  llie  ball  of  earth  way  down, 
and  covering  the  bulli  witli  as  much  .soil  as  possi- 
ble, roots  generally  form  first  aliove  the  crown  of 
the  bulb,  and  tbey  liclp  tlie  flowering  very  much. 
BEi)i)i>(i  Pl.\nts  from  Seeds. 

It  is  not  everyone  wlio  has  the  sjiace  or  means 
to  provide  and  winter  a  large  number  of  Gera- 
niums and  other  tender  bedding  jdants.  No 
matter  how  favorably  om;  may  be  situated,  the 
keeping  of  a  large  stock  of  such  plants  involves 
a  good  deal  of  trouble,  and  takes  up  space  that 
might  be  more  profitably  occupied.     Moreover, 


it  is  quite  practicable  to  make  a  garden  very  gay 
in  summer  and  autumn    with   seedlings    alone, 
without  keeping  or  purcliasing  a  single  plant, 
and  a  eomjiaratively  small  amount  will  buy  the 
seeds  required.     There  will,  of  course,  in  some 
cases  be  a  difference  in  habit,  and  some  variation 
in  color,  as  in  those  particulars  a  certain  natural 
freedom,   involving    some    departure    from    the 
normal    type,    is   nearly    always   perceiitible    in 
seedlings,  and  must  be  expected  ;   but  to  many 
people  this  will  not  be  an  objection.     There  are, 
however,  a  few  plants  which  come  true  from 
seed  through  many  generations  ;  among  these 
are  the  Verbenas,  which  are  of  the  Ijest  and 
pleasing  bedding  or  border  plants.     Another 
jilant  which  comes  true  from  seeds  is 

Salvia  Patens, 
But  both  this  and  the  preceeding  should  be 
sown  in  a  hot-bed  early  in  spring,  in  order 
to  get  them  into  flower  early.  Can  any- 
thing au'ain,  as  a  mi.\ed  bed,  be  more 
slu'Wy  than  amass  of  seedling  Petunias? 
Tlie  colors  are  not  harsh  and  irritating, 
but  soft  and  pleasing.  Verbenas  make 
a  handsome  bed,  little  inferior  to  the 
Petunia,  and  for  a  large  bed,  where 
the  soil  is  good,  few  things  are  supe- 
rior to  the  double  Zinnias,  which 
can  be  had  in  various  colors,  sepa- 
rately if  desired.  Balsams,  again, 
are  not  half  so  much  used  as  they 
deserve  to  be.  Those  who  have 
only  seen  them  starving  in  jiots 
cannot  form  any  idea  how  beautiful 
they  arc  wlien  jilanted  out  in  good 
soil,  in  an  open  situation,  away 
IVoni  trees.  Among  yellow  flow- 
"■ring  plants,  the  small,  single 
Tayetes  Signata  Pumila  is  as  use- 
In),  liut  it  is  not  equal,  to  the 
double  variety.  Tlie  yellow  and 
orange  varieties  of  the  African  Mari- 
gold are  very  lasting  and  sh<>wy.  The 
dwarf  kinds  of  Agcratum,  if  selected 
and  save<l  witli  care,  may  be  raised 
wllli  but  little  troul)le,and,  with  little 
majrigemcnt  in  summer,  verv  ef- 
leetive  ma.sses  may  easily  be 
liad.  The  Tuberous  Begonias 
form  a  prime  feature  in  shel- 
tered positions,  they  will  grow 
i".  all  colors  of  Pelargoniums. 
We  said  imthing  aijont  tlie 
large  nuinliiT  nf  perfectly 
hardy  plants,  well  suited  for 
niiussing,  and  llial  cost  nothing 
to  keep.  Take,  for  instance,  the 
large  family  of  Violas,  in  almost 
all  shades  oi'innple,  yellow,  and 
white.  Varieties  which  formerly 
took  two  years  to  e^ime  to  per- 
fection may,  now  that  s<>lection  and 
rlilization  have  so  much  imiiroved 
1,  be  raised  in  the  early  s)»ring  for  bed- 
tlie  same  summer.  This  applies  es- 
sneh  |ilants  as  the  Verbena,  Viola, 
allium,  (ioldeii  Feather,  Salvia  Patens, 
Salvia  .\rgenta.  Heliotrope,  Dwarf  Antirrhinums, 
which  shi>uld  be  sown  in  January,  also,  tlie  Peui- 
nias,  Phlox  Drummondi,  Bianthus  Ileddewigi, 
Indian  Pinks,  etc.  Ageratums  and  Lobelias, 
which  may  be  sown  in  a  warm  place  in  Feb- 
ruary, and  if  kept  growing  will  be  ready  for 
planting  out  in  May.  Begonias  for  bedding 
may  be  grown  from  seed  in  the  same  year,  but 
are  much  more  eflfective  if  raLied  the  preceeding 
vear,  and  selected  according  to  color,  and  stored 
in  the  winter  ready  for  bedding  out  in  early 
summer.  The  same  system  may  be  employed  for 
indoor  decoration,  for  Gloxinias  begin  to  flower 
in  .Tune,  if  sown  in  January  or  February ; 
Begonias  in  July,  and  then  they  last  throughout 
the  autumn,  when  last  year's  bulbs  are  overblown 
indoors.  Fuchsias  sown  in  January  flower  well 
in  August,  and  many  other  plants,  also.  Of  fine 
foliage  plants  adajited  lor  bedding,  which  can  be 
raised  from  seed,  there  are  the  useful  Amaran- 
thus  Melancolicus,  and  the  drooping  Amaranthus 
Salicifolius,  Celosia  Huttonia,  with  its  fine  habit 
and  effective  coloring,  all  of  the  Centaureas 
Cineraria  Maritima,  and  Hnmea  I'^legans. 

Then  we  have  the  t.'annas,  Chamaepeuce,  Nico- 
tianas,  Ricinus,  S<ilanums,  and  Wigandia ;  these 
are  all  large  growing  plants  which  iirodnce  a  fine 
eflect  on  the  lawn  and  are  much  admired.  In 
fact,  if  we  were  not  so  much  accustomed  to  de- 
pend on  cutting  plants  stored  over  the  winter,  we 
eouhl  make  a  display  on  needling  plants  alone. 
If  Fuchsias  may  be  grown  to  the  flowering  stage 
ilnring  the  current  year,  there  can  scarcely  be 
any  difficulty  in  getting  a  large  stock  of  plants 
for  the  open  garden  in  the  same  way.  The 
cleanliness  resulting  from  this  plan  would  be  a 
gain  in  itself,  because  the  tendency  of  old  jiropa- 
gatiiig  plants  is  to  harbor  the  eggs  of  vermin 
through  the  winter,  which  are  always  ready  to 


eat  up  the  collection  if  neglected  for  a  week. 
But,  starting  with  thoroughly  clean  boxes,  if  an 
amateurj  or  houses  and  frames,  if  a  florist,  and 
good  reliable  seeds,  one  cannot  fail  to  be  success- 
ful. For  .many  rea.sons,  the  raising  of  bedding 
plants  from  seed  Ls  preferable  to  growing  from 
cuttings,  and  yet  the  latter  way  is  most  desirable 
when  only  a  limited  number  of  plants  is  neces- 
sary. We  know  well  that  everybody  raises 
plants  from  seeds;  but,  the  early  thinning,  the 
perfect  exposure  to  light,  the  sturdy  growth,  the 
unchecked  culture  that  seedlings  require,  are 
seldom  given  them,  owing  to  the  little  space  and 
little  thought  they  usually  occupy. 
•     Akums. 

Several  of  these  are  very  beautiful  plants  as 
regards  to  foliage,  and  interesting  when  in  ri(twer. 
They  are  mostly  from  tropical  countries,  while 
others,  like  A.  Italica  and  Dracunculus  are 
hardy.  The  foliage  of  A.  Italica  is  very  hand- 
some indeed  in  winter  and  spring,  and  rivals 
many  of  the  Marantas  and  other  plants  that  are 
raised  only  for  the  beauty  of  their  foliage.  When 
several  roots  are  i)lanted  in  a  pot  of  soil,  com- 
posed of  turfy  peat  mixed  with  a  little  fresh 
moss,  they  will  soon  fill  it  with  magnificent 
leaves,  attaining  their  lull  development  very 
early.  If  planted  out,  they  form  a  very  attrac- 
tive feature  in  the  flower  border.  In  the  autumn, 
when  the  leaves  have  died  away,  the  groups  of 
scarlet  berries  sujiported  on  foot  stalks,  ten  or 
twelve  inches  long,  have  a  very  attractive  ajipear- 
ance,  which  they  retain  for  a  considerable  time. 
Arum  Cki'nitum.    (Dragon's  iVmitli.) 

The  appearance  of  this  plant  when  in  flower  is 
very  grotesque,  from  the  singular  shape  of  its 
broad  s|ieckled  spathe.  The  leaves  are  divided 
into  five  or  seven  deep  segments,  the  centre  divi- 
sion being  iiuich  broader  than  the  others,  and 
the  leaf-stalks  overlapping  each  other,  form  a 
sort  of  spurious  stem  one  foot  or  fourteen  inches 
high,  marbled  and  spotted  with  purplish  black. 
The  treatment  of  this  jdant  is  similar  to  that 
given  for  A.  Dracunculus,  but  it  is  ratlier  more 
tender,  it  will  require  a  little  more  care  and 
shelter  in  winter  ;  a  mild  situation  will  suit  it 
best.  The  appearance  of  the  flower  is  rather 
repulsive,  the  disagreeable  odor  being  strong 
enough  to  attract  the  larger  flies  in  quest  of  a 
suitable  place  wherein  to  deposit  their  eggs.  It 
is  a  strange  plant,  seen  in  a  group  of  fine-leaved 
subjects,  or  holding  its  blossoms  from  out  a  mass 
of  low  shrubs. 


Tulips. 
The  varieties  of  Tulips  are  so  valuable  that  no 
garden  or  window  sill  should  be  without  them, 
as  indeed  very  few  are,  jiarticularly  as  their 
culture,  described  before  in  these  pages,  is  so 
simple.  The  blooming  season  is  not  so  short  aa 
is  generally  supposed,  for  between  the  earliest 
and  the  latest  flowering  kinds  a  considerable 
time  intervenes.  Beds  of  Tulips  may  be  carpe- 
ted with  tufts  and  clumps  of  small  creeping 
plants  suited  for  the  purpose.  The  White  llock 
Cress  (Arabis  Atbida),  t<igether  with  it  variega- 
ted form,  the  Aubrietas,  Hei>aticas,  Primroses, 
Cowslips,  Pansies,  early  flowering  Violas,  Sedum 
Acre  Aureum,  the  pretty  creeping  Ajuga  Rep- 
tans  Rubra,  and  many  others  make  pretty  carpets 
for  beds  of  bulbs.  When  a  collection  of  Tulips 
is  siiflSciently  large  to  admit  of  its  being  done,  it 
is  a  good  plan  to  rest  the  bulbs  every  third  year, 
by  preventing  them  from  blooming.  They  occupy 
but  a  small  space  in  the  reserve  garden,  and  can' 
be  planted  quite  thickly.  In  order  to  growj 
Tulips  to  perfection,  a  light,  rich,  well-drained^ 
soil  is  rtquired,  yet,  almost  any  soil  will  give 
astonishing  results.  They  shonld  be  jilanted 
with  from  three  to  four  inches  of  soil  above  the 
crowns  of  the  bulb  ;  if  planted  nearer  the  .surface 
and  a  severe  winter  follows  they  are  liable  to 
injury. 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


The  late  flowering  Tulips  are  chiefly  descend- 
ant from  T.  Uesueriana,  itself  a  very  handsome 
plant  in  the  ^vild  state,  particularly  its  variety 
Fulgeus,  which  has  very  large  cup-sliaped  flow- 
ers of  a  glossy,  deep  crimson.  For  centuries 
this  class  of  Tulips  has  been  cultivated,  and  at 
one  time,  and  even  still,  are  classed  among  flor- 
ists flowers.  They  are  now  divided  into  four 
Bcctious,  viz. :  Breeders,  or  self-flowers  ;  Bizar- 
res,  Bybloemens,  and  Roses.  When  a  seedling 
Tulip  flowers  for  the  first  time,  it  is  usually  a 
self,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  (hut  occa- 
sionally as  long  as  thirty  years)  they  will  break 
into  the  flamed  or  featliered  state.  A  feathered 
Tulip  has  the  colors  finely  pencilled  around  the 
margin  of  the  petals,  the  base  of  tlie  flower  being 
pure;  in  the  Bizarre  it  should  be  clear  yellow, 
and  in  the  Rose  or  Bybloemens,  white.  In  the 
flamed  flower,  stripes  of  color  descend  from  the 
top  of  the  petals  towards  tlie  base  of  the  cu)>. 
The  colors  in  the  Bizarres  are  red,  brownish-red, 
chestnut,  and  maroon  ;  in  the  Bybloemens,  black 
and  various  shades  of  purple  are  the  prevailing 
colors,  and  in  the  Roses  they  are  rose  of  the 
various  shades,  and  deep  red  or  scarlet.  They 
can  Ije  planted  as  long  as  the  soil  i*in  condition 
for  it,  and  need  a  little  protection,  viz.:  Some 
covering  of  hay  or  straw.  In  planting  the  bull)s 
it  is  usual  to  put  a  little  sand  around  them. 
Although  many  varieties  are  of  a  tall  habit,  and 
the  flowers  are  heavy,  the  stems  are  usually 
strong  enough  to  support  them  witliout  sticks. 
The  time  of  lifting  the  liulbs  should  be  fixed  by 
the  condition  of  the  flower  stems;  when  these 
will  bend  without  breaking  they  may  be-taken 
up,  dried,  and  stored  away  until  planting  time. 


Parrot  Tulip. 

People  are  beginning  to  appreciate  the  beauty 
of  Tulips  and  Hyacinths  more  and  more  every 
year.  There  is  so  little  trouble  in  bringing  them 
to  perfection,  whether  planted  out  or  in  pots. 
All  you  have  to  do  is  to  )dant  thera  in  a  pot  in 
good  soil,  set  thera  in  a  cellar,  cover  them  up  to 
the  depth  of  three  or  four  inches  with  soil  or 
ashes  and  leave  them  there  until  tlie  leaves  ap- 
pear, then  bring  tliem  in  and  they  will  at  once 
come  in  bloom.  When  planting  Tulips  in  pots, 
a  few  bull)S  of  Crocus  may  be  set  around  it  close 
to  the  edge  of  the  pot.  Tliey  will  not  interfere 
at  all,  and  make  a  charming  addition,  as  they 
will  be  in  flower  some  days  before  the  Tulips; 
besides  it  will  save  a  good  deal  of  room.  Our 
illustration  sliows  a  full-size  flower  of  single 
Tulip,  and  also  a  spike  of  double  Hyacinths, 
although  tlie  latter  is  not  done  justice,  as  the 
flower  splices  are  generally  inueli  larger  and 
fuller. 

TuLlPA  Greigi  {Turkestan  Tulip) 
Is  undouljtedly  one  of  the  finest,  most  showy, 
and  most  desirable.  Its  large  golilet-shaped 
flowers  are  generally  of  a  vivid  orange-scarlet 
color,  but  there  are  also  purple  and  yellow-flow- 
ered forms.  The  bulbs  are  so  extremely  hardy 
that  they  will  withstand  freezing  and  thawing 
with  impunity,  and  even  when  the  leaves  are 
half  grown  they  will  endure  a  temperature  as 
low  as  zero  without  any  protection.  It  is  a  high- 
priced  plant  comjiared  with  the  trifling  cost  at 
which  other  Tulips  may  be  jirocured,  such  as  the 
Parrot  and  single  Tulip,  shown  here. 


TO  BLOOM  AMABTL.LIS  FOR  WINTER. 


By  Anna  (Jriscom. 


These  are  properly  llippeastrum,  out  generally 
receive  the  name  of  Amaryllis.  To  Idoom  them 
well  they  .should  be  potted  in  very  rich  eartli. 
Only  well-rotted  manure  must  be  used,  as  all 
partiallv  docnycd  snbstnnces  prove  injurious  to 
the  bulbs,  aiid'wlu-n  placed  in  l!ie  lieut  of  rooms 


ferment,  and  sour  the  earth.  One-third  of  man- 
ure, one-third  of  wood's  earth,  and  one-third  of 
garden  mould,  are  good  preparations.  Add  to 
tliese  enough  sea,  or  other  sand,  to  allow  water  to 
pivss  freely  through,  and  the  compost  is  complete. 

Just  after  bloom    is   a  good   time    to    repot 
Amaryllis,  but  if  dormant,  or  nearly  so,  fall 
is  a  very  suitable  time       If 
the  pots  to  be  used  are  not 
new,  have  them  soaked 
and  well  scrubbed 
before    potting 
Put  into  each  pot 
from   one  inch   to 
two    inches    of 
broken    crocks, 
according    to    th   i 
size    of    the    ]ii_t 
Broken      oystei 
shells   are   even 
better  than  brokt  n 
pots,  as  they  lielji 
purify  the    eartli 
After    the    crocks 
are  placed  fill   in 
with     the     mixed' 
earth  until  there  is' 
just  room  enough  to 
set  in  the  bulb  and 
spread  out  the  roots. 
Then    cover    the    roots' 
and  shake  the  pot  gently,^ 
so   as    to    settle  the   earth 
about  them,  and  fill  in  until 
the  bull)  is  lialf  covered.     Press^ 
the  earth  down   comjiactly  at  the 
edges    of   the    p  o  t,    to    prevent  _^^ 

liollow   plaices,  and   to   keep   the  water  j^^"^ 
from  draining  rapidly  away. 

If  rich  earth  cannot  be  had,  a  little  dried  cow, 
chicken,  or  pigeon  manure  may  be  placed  in  the 
bottom  of  the  pot  after  the  drainage  is  covered. 
One  or  two  inches  of  earth  must  be  placed  over 
this  before  the  bulb  is  put  in,  so  as  not  to  have 
the  roots  come  directly  in  contact  with  the  man- 
ure, until  they  are  growing  and  readj'  to  absorb 
it.  If  the  potting  is  done  in  the  tall  (before 
frost)  the  bulbs  may  be  set  to  rest  iu  the  cellar, 
or  a  dark  closet,  or  other  place  not  too  light  or 
too  warm,  so  as  to  force  growth.  Here  they 
should  remain  until  the  middle  of  December, 
receiving  water  at  intervals  of  two  or  three 
weeks.  They  then  may  be  removed  to  a  warm, 
sunny  window,  and  be  well  watered  for  a  day  or 
two,  or  be  soaked  in  a  liasin  of  water  until  the 
earth  and  pot  are  tlioroughly  saturated.  They 
should  not  be  watered  afterward  unless  they 
show  signs  of  growth,  for  if  kept  constantly  wet 
when  not  vigorously  putting  fortli  leaves  or  buds 
they  lose  their  roots,  and  the  bulb  decays.  The 
buii  should  be  entirely  out  of  the  bulb  before 
ranch  water  is  given,  for  if  chilled  at  this  stage  of 
growth  by  a  sudden  change  of  weather,  it  may 
take  weeks  for  the  bud  to  resume  growth,  if  it 
does  not  eventually  decay. 

Tlie  ordinary  bloom,  five-inch  pots  are  large 
enough  for  most  Amaryllis  bulbs,  but  for  extra 
fine  flowers  they  should  be  repotted  as  often  as 
the  roots  reach  the  outside  of  the  earth,  until  an 
eight  or  ten-inch  pot  is  needed.  When  repotting 
is  inconvenient,  a  top  dressing  may  be  given 
once  or  twice  a  year,  or  liquid  manure  may  be 
used  once  or  twice  a  week,  when  growing  freely. 
Horse  or  cow  manure  may  be  scalded,  and  the 
liquid  be  mixed  with  half  the  quantity  of  water. 

When  a  bud  becomes  chilled,  the  water  given 
should  be  as  warm  as  the  hand  will  bear,  and  be 
put  into  the  saucer  and  around  the  inside  edge  of 
the  jiot.  If  the  water  is  not  absorbed  from  the 
saucer,  remove  it  as  soon  as  it  becomes  cold. 


There  bulbs    can    s6metimes    be   forced   into 

bloom  by  placing  them  near  a  warm  stove  or  on 

warm  bricks,   but  such  a  proceeding  is  apt  to 

weaken  the  bulb. 

Of  these  splendid  flowering  bulbs,  there  are 

too  many  varieties  to   enumerate,  but  it  is 

safe  to  say        that  nine  out  of  ten  will 

//4*v  ^^g|||jl|^^      repay   cultivation. 

'^^  —  Most   of   them 

can  be  treat- 
ed   as    the 
Gladicdus 
are,   and 


in 

thegar- 
den,    if 
desirable. 
We  have 
loomed    A, 
Johnsonii  in 
this   way,    and 
we  know  of  one 
«hic.h  was   left    in 
Pennsylvania  gar- 
den  all   winter,   and 
bloomed  well  iu  the  fol- 
lowing    JilR"'''        spring. 

Tliey  are  much  improved  by  being  planted  in 
the  garden  after  frost  is  over  and  allowed  to  grow 
there  until  just  before  frost  returns.  In  this  way 
the  young  plants  or  seedlings  develop  rapidly, 
and 'bloom  sooner  than  if  left  in  pots.  It  is  best 
to  grow  all  varieties  in  small  pots  until  they  show 
bloom,  as  they  produce  buds  sooner  when  the 
roots  are  crowded,  and  their  merit  is  sooner 
known  and  judged.  Especially  is  this  desirable 
when  seedlings  are  raised  or  when  the  young 
ones  become  mixed.  By  other  modes  of  treat- 
ment they  may  require  from  three  to  five  years 
to  dcveloj)  into  blooming  size. 

The  fal  1-blooming  varieties  of  Amaryllis  should 
be  potted  in  the  spring  and  rested  during  the 
summer  months.  This  mode  of  treatment  will 
cause  them  to  bloom  near  Cliristmas.  They  re- 
quire the  same  earth  as  the  spring-blooming 
kinds,  but  are  less  liable  to  dry  ofl",  and  produce 
leaves  at  shorter  intervals.  They  are  generally 
not  so  handsome  in  the  form  of  flowers. 


WINTER  CARE  OP  FLOWERS. 

A  beautiful  window  of  flowers  in  winter  is 
easily  had  with  but  little  care  and  attention  if 
properly  done.  Do  not  keep  the  flowers  too  wet, 
especially  in  dull  weather.  Air  as  often  as  pos- 
sible when  not  too  cold.  Do  not  allow  the  cold 
air  to  blow  on  them,  but  lower  the  top  of  the 
window  to  air  them,  and  do  it  in  still  weather. 
When  there  is  danger  of  freezing,  place  a  cotton 
cloth,  such  as  an  old  table  cover,  over  the  plants 
and  support  it  by  light  sticks.  Place  pails  of 
water  among  the  plants,  as  the  water  will  freeze 
before  they  are  injured.  If  the  plants  are  frozen 
immerse  the  whole  of  it  in  cold  water  by  turning 
the  pot  upside  down,  taking  care  not  to  .allow 
the  plant  to  fall  out.  The  leaves  are  much  im- 
proved by  taking  a  small  syringe  and  spray  the 
leaves  well,  which  will  m.ake  fresh,  green  foliage. 


WILD  FLO WERSo'tolSLS; 

Ferns,  Alpine.  &c.    SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE. 
EDWARD  GILLETTE,  Southwick.  Msm. 


The  floral  WORLD 

A  superb  ilhistrateil  iill.OO  monthly  Irce  1  yenr  to 

all  that  ennlose  this  iifl.  to  us  now  with  ■.;4i'.  for  puslaKe. 

FLOKAL  WOULD,  Highland   Park,  III. 


NIGHT  BLOOMING 
CEREUS.---  , 

Our  offer  of  tliis  attractive  plant  in  July  has  attracted 
so  niiich  interest  that  we  renew  it  now.  For  66  cents 
we  will  send  bv  mail  Iflne  plant  of  Nie''i  Hloonime 
Cereus  and  the  Farm  and  (Jarilcn  1  j  ear,  or  we 
will  send  the  plant  alnop  for  40  cents.  Wtaiups  takwi. 
FARM  AND  GARDEN,  l>hilndel[>hia,  I'a. 


BULBS !        BULBS ! 

BEST  Il>IPORTEn  AND  HO  >l  E  ^CROWN. 

ALSO  SEEDS  FOR  FALL  SOWING 

And  Plants  for  Winter  Blooming. 

I'riee-list  FREE.    A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH.  IOWA. 


PAPTIIC  ONE   for-iOcts.  or  TWO  for   30  cts, 
UHU I  UP    I.  A.  PENNINUTON,  L.ebanon.  Neb. 


HARDY  PLANTS  AND  BULBS. 


All  the  New  as  well  as  tin-  old  s..i 
Catalogue,  which  is  lurw; 


s  will  be  IViund  in  GUI 
rded  FREE. 


-wooxisozsr  &  CO., 

Lnrk  Drawer  E. PASSAIC,  N.  J, 


CACTI 


!L"SrJEXAN1iyiEXICAN 

Dl   HNTC  "■"■'!?•  ro'l'"'"'8  alwhuely 

■  ^^    ■    ■pLrlll  I  O  nooare.  Ktrunee,wclra 

forma.     Flowers  of  ixqulsite  btnuty  uiid  Irultroncc. 

Can  »liip  saluly  the  jeaP  pound.  A  n»»ir  r..r  iverv -la.ou  ana 
clinie  Dozens  of  sons.  Small  san.|ilc.  »i'll  r,...l.-.l.  80c.,  worth 
fifli-  -  or  S  Strong  speeimens,  none  iilikf,  *3.00.  TlioUKUnds 
of  delighted  Northern  eu9toinip».  Free  lo  J  ou  .1  yoa 
oatne  this  paper,  Catalocue,  handsonulj  lllu»tri>tea, 
telMnK  all   about  Caetl.     hothing  like  lion  earth.     H  rile  now. 

TROUPE  NURSERIES-TROUPE, TEXAS. 


— ■  ORNAMENTAL  ^» 

Foliage  planto 

GREENHOUSE   PLANTS, 

BEDDING   PLANTS. 

CATAI.OGI'E  :»IAII.EI>  ON  APPLICATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Rlilge  and  Uhlgh  flvDnues.  ''Hllatlelphla.  Pi. 


8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


LilYB  SliOGI^. 


By  Eben  E.  lUxford,  Shiocton.  Wis, 


I  calleil  at  the  house  of  the  neighbor,  the  other 
day,  :i]iil  louiid  liim  a  conteuted  man.     But  his 
contentment  was  not  of  the  kind  I  lilie  to  see. 
They  say  that  a  "eontented  mind  is  a  continual 
feast;"  but  1  am  more  and  more  convinced  tliat 
if  very  many  men  had  less  of  this  man's  kind  of 
contentment,  they  could  afford   a   much   better 
feast   than   they   partake  of    at   present.      This 
neighbor  is  content  to  jog  along  through  life  pre- 
cisely as  his  father  did.     But  liis  wife  is  not;  she 
believes  in  improvement,  and  sees  that  the  old 
ways  are  not  always  tlie  best  ones  to  follow.     She 
is  ambitious  to  get  along  in  the  world.     She  does 
not  believe  in  merely  "  holding  your  own," — a 
principle  governing  too  many  men  to-day;  but 
rather   in   getting   ahead.     Not   because  she    is 
mercenary,  but  because  she  wants  to  be  able  to 
help  her  children  to  get  a  start  in  the  world,  and 
because  she  sees  that  it  costs  as  much  to  liye  in  a 
"well-enough"  fashion,  as  it  does  to  live  in  a 
progressive  one, — in  sliort,  that  shiftless,  careless 
management  requires  the  outlay  of  quite  as  mncii 
labor  and  money,  as  is  needed  in  a  go-ahead  way 
of  doing  business,  and  brings  in  little  beyond  a 
living,    while  the*  energetic,  progressive   farmer 
lives  better,   and  lavs  up  a  little   for  a  coming 
"rainy  day."     She  believi'S  it  pays  to  get  a  good 
article  when  you  buy  ;  that  it  jiays  to  get  rid  of 
anything  you   have  >.    lispose  of  if  you  can  get 
something  better  to  take  its  place.    This  she  con- 
sitlers   good   economy.     So  do  I.     They  keep  si.\ 
or  eight   cows.     As  country  cows  go,  they  are 
probably    as   good   as   the   average.     They   give 
eight  or   ten    quarts  of  milk  per  day,  for   some 
months  in  the  year,  and  this  milk  gives  an  aver- 
age of  three   pounds  of  butter  per  week.     The 
cows  have  the  run  of  one  of  the  best  pastures  in 
the  neighborhood.     They  have  all  that  is  neces- 
sary for  cows  to  have,  and  d(»  well,  and  I  suppose 
they  do  as  well  as  you  can  e.\j»eet  them  to,  but 
that  does  not  satisfy  my  friends  enterprising  wife. 
"  I  want  .John  to  get  a  Jersey  or  an  Ayrshire," 
she  said  to  me.     "  If  /  were  a  man,  I  wouldn't  be 
satisfied    with  'scrubs.'      But    he  says  we  can't 
afford  it.     /  know  he  can,  and  that  he  is  working 
against  his  own  interests  in  keeping  the  cows  we 
have,  when  it  would  cost  no  more  to  keep  a  kind 
which  would  bring  us  in  an  much  again."     She  is 
"level-headed."     She  sees  that  money  used   in 
purchasing  good    stock,   is    well    invested.     The 
nrst   cost  may  be  considerable,  hut  the  returns 
would  be  so  much  more,  that  before  the  farmer 
realized  it,  the  extra  first  cost  would  be  m.adc  up 
to  him.     If  he  could  be  convinced  tliat  it  costs  no 
more  to  keep  a  good  cow  than  a  "  scrub,"  and 
see  how  much  greater  the  profits  are,  he  might 
beinducedtopurcha.se.     But  he  gets  frightened 
at  the  cost,  and  resolutely  refuses  to  be  convinced. 
Such    farmers   are   short-siglited,  ,inil  rob  them- 
selves by  their  non-progressive  ideas.    They  have 
only  to  read  the  papers  to  find  out  liow  much 
better  it  pays  to  keep  good  stock.    But  the  trouble 
is,  you  cannot  get  them  to  ri'ad,  and  if  they  do 
read,  they  are  skeptical.     Let  them  find  out  by 
going  into  a  neighborhood  where  "scrubs"  are 
things  of  the  past. 


THE  HOLSTEINS  AND  AYRSHIRES. 
_nesc  two  breeds  are  the  only  true  dairy  cattle. 
Not  that  cows  of  other  breeds  may  not  prove  e.\- 
cellent  for  the  dairy,  for  there  are  exceptions  in 
many  cases,  but  the  Holsteins  and  Ayrshires  will 
always  increase  the  yield  of  milk  when  used  for 
improving  the  native  cows.  The  Ayrshires  are 
earlier  in  maturing,  as  they  are  smaller  than  the 
Holsteins,  and  are  able  to  subsist  on  )ioorer  pas- 
turage, but  if  the  best  results  are  to  be  expected, 
both  breeds  of  cows  should  be  allowed  upon  the 
most  favorable  pastures  only.  It  is  a  mistake  in 
dairying  to  select  stock  for  the  reason  that  it  is 
adapted  to  inferior  pasturage,  as  no  breed  of  cat- 
tle will  give  satisfaction  where  the  conditions 
are  not  favorable  for  large  yields.  The  Holsteins 
have  the  advantage  of  making  gooil  animals  for 
the  butcher  when  no  longer  required  at  the  dairy, 
owing  to  their  large  frames,  upon  wliich  heavy 
weights  of  flesh  may  be  jilaced,  but  they  are  not 
equal  in  quality  in  "that  respect  to  the  Herefords 
or  Sliorthorns.  The  Holsteins  are  best  suited 
on  level  pastures,  but  the  active  habits  of  the 
Ayrshires  enable  them  to  utilize  rich  hillside 
pastures,  and  in  that  respect  they  have  no  supe- 
rior. For  dairy  purposes  botti  breeds  yield 
largely  in  milk,  ami  though  often  good  butter 
cows  are  found  among  them,  the  milk  is  not 
equal  in  richness  to  that  of  the  Jerseys  or 
Guernseys. 


THE  BABNTAED  D)  'WTNTEB. 

How  often  do  we  witness  the  cattle  standing  in 
the  barnyard  with  manure  up  to  their  kness,  and 
no  signs  of  comfort  or  warmth  in  any  form.  This 
may  be  easily  prevented  if  the  yard  is  provided 
with  plenty  of  absorbent  material.  It  is  wasteful 
to  allow  the  straw  and  fodder  to  be  picked  over 
and  trampled  for  the  sake  of  using  it  in  the  man- 
ure heap.  Nothing  is  gained  by  the  process,  for 
if  such  material  can  be  piissed  through  a  cutter  it 
will  not  only  serve  as  food,  but  the  manure  in 
the  yard  will  be  in  a  finer  cipndition.  To  obviate 
the  difficulty  of  muddy  yards,  plenty  of  saw-dnst 
should  be  added  to  the  yard,  and  as  soon  in  the 
spring  as  possible,  the  manure  should  be  hauled 
out,  and  the  yard  again  covered  liberally  with 
saw-dust.  Instead  of  compelling  the  stock  to 
remain  in  the  stalls  on  wet  cold  days,  they  should 
have  a  large  dry  open  shed  outside,  with  a  floor 
higher  than  the  yard,  and  lacing  the  south. 
They  can  then  exercise  them.selves  a  little,  and 
will  keep  in  better  health.  An  occasional  clean- 
ing of  the  floor  of  the  shed,  and  literal  use  of 
sawdust,  will  keep  the  standing  places  clean. 
Saw-dust  also  makes  excellent  beddings  in  the 
stalls. 


HOQ  EILLINO. 


One  of  the  notable  days  in  the  good  old-fash- 
ioned farmers  life,  was  the  annual  hog  killing. 
The  cozy  farmer  who  had  the  killing  was  happy. 
His  pen,  which  was  the  pride  of  the  neighbor- 
hood, was  full  of  larire  well  /ed  jiorkers,  that 
were  too  fat  and  lazy  to  walk  ;  but  were  always 
ready  at  the  trough  to  the  accustomed  feed,  and 
then  as  ready  to  pass  away  the  day  in  sleepy 
enjoyment. 

\Ve  well  remember  those  days,  and  the  busy 
womi-n  f  dks  too,  w'ho  with  bustling  activity  pre- 
pared the  day  before,  ]>crhaps  long  continued 
into  the  night  too,  the  pies,  cakes  and  doughnuts 
that  were  to  add  the  staple  luxuries  of  tfie  farm- 
er's hog  killing  dinner. 

The  long  anticipated  day  arrived,  and  with  it 
the  neighbors  who  were  to  a.ssist  in  the  hog  kil- 
ling, with  their  wives  and  children.  There  was 
one  ilav  we  ehildVeu  could  have  to  do  just  as  we 

id  eased,  as  everybody  on  hog  killing  day  was  too 
>usy  to  j)ay  any  attention  to  us.  What  romps 
we  used  to  have,  and  what  fun  in  those  old- 
fashioned  hog  killings.  But  the  fashion  is 
changed.  A  professional  does  the  killing,  a  few 
do  the  work,  ami  one  of  the  great  days  of  theold- 
fashionid  farmer  is  pa.ssing  away.  Those  good 
old  customs  ot  the  country  farmer  are  passing, 
and  c(nintry  life  is  becoming  city  life,  and  the 
old  country  gatherings  and  country  hog  killings 
will  soon  be  no  more. 


STOCK  NOTES. 


.Motto  for  stockmen: — Feed  well,  water  well, 
and  sell  well. 

Warm  the  water  for  your  animals  to  drink  in 
cold  weather.  Cold  ice  water  is  a  poor  drink  for 
a  cold,  exposed,  shivering  animal.  X  little  labor 
is  required  to  do  it.  A  merciful  man  will  be 
merciful  to  his  bea-st.     Please  see  to  it. 


Quarters  For  Sheep.— An  open  shed,  facing 
the  south,  with  a  close  roof,  is  better  than  a  closed 
building  for  sheep.  The  floor  should  be  of 
boards,  and  kept  clean.  Damp  sleeping  places 
conduce  to  distemper,  while  muddy  yards  pro- 
mote foot-rot. 

Stable  well  all  stock,  in  good,  dry,  warm,  well 
ventilated  stables.  Water  regularly,  and  if  the 
weather  be  cold,  draw  fresh  water,  and  do  not 
use  ice  cold  water,  as  it  chills  animals  too  much. 
Let  them  out  each  day  for  e-xercise,  and  you  will 
find  your  animals  better  for  it. 

The  Holsteins  are  coming  into  prominence  as 
a  butter  and  dairy  cow.  The  breed  are  remark- 
abe  for  large  size,  coupled  with  great  milking 
qualities.  They  are  "the  cattle"  of  Holland  for 
dairy  purposes.  The  milk,  while  not  as  rich  in 
cream  as  the  Jersey,  is  more  in  quantity,  and 
makes  a  fine  gilt-edged  butter. 

Cleveland  Bays,  an  English  breed  of  coach 
horses,  are  attracting  a  great  deal  of  attention 
among  stockmen.  They  are  of  a.  beautiful  bay 
color,  and  all  the  colts  bred  from  them  are  all  so 
neur  the  same  style  and  action  that  they  will 
nearly  all  easily  mate.  They  make  fine  road 
and  carriage  "horses,  and  are  excellent  for  the 
farm. 

A  dry  pen  is,  to  a  pig,  of  more  consequence 
than  many  .suppose.  It  pays  to  keep  the  pig  dry 
and  warm.  The  sleeping  part  of  the  pen  should 
be  raised  a  foot  or  so  above  ground,  and  allow 
the  air  to  freely  circulate  under  the  jien,  to  dry 
the  bed.  The  cold  does  not  hurt  a  pig  if  the  bei 
is  good  and  dry  ;  but  wet  pens  are  one  of  the 
greatest  nuisances  of  a  farm. 

Turnips,  Ruta  Bagas,  and  the  like  are  good 
feed  for  cows  and  horses.  Cut  them  into  thin 
strips,  (if  cut  thick,  animals  choke  with  them), 
spread  a  little  meal  over  them,  and  give  milch 
cows  their  feed  after  milking.  The  flavor  is  not 
so  strong  in  the  milk  if  fed  while,  or  after,  milk- 
ing. Carrots  are  better  to  feed,  and  make,  when 
fed,  a  beautiful  yellow  colored  butter,  even  in 
winter. 

The  Pig  Pex  in  'Winter.— The  pigs  are  ex- 
pected to  keep  the  pen  dirty,  owing  to  the  amount 
of  sloppy  food  they  receive,  auil  «  ilhont  a  jilenti- 
ful  supply  of  absorbent  litter,  mud  and  damjiness 
cannot  be  avoided.  The  sleeping  quarters,  how- 
ever, may  be  kept  dry.  By  scraping  the  floor 
clean  with  a  hoe  every  morning,  and  .scattering 
saw-dust  or  chaff  over  it,  the  pigs  will  have  a 
comfortable  place  in  damp  weather.  On  cold 
days,  a  bed  of  straw  should  be  provided,  which 
can  be  changed  whenever  it  becomes  damp. 

Changing  the  Cows  to  Hay.— The  sudden 
change  from  green  to  dry  food  is  not  favorable, 
In  the  spring  the  change  to  green  food  is  done 
gradually,  and  in  winter  the  loss  of  green  food 
is  seriously  felt  at  first.  .\s  the  eows  must  now 
breed  upon  hay,  a  warm  mess  of  cooked  roots  in 
the  morning  will  greatly  promote  the  flow  of 
milk,  which  Is  gnidually  falling  ott  ;  while  a  few 
turnips,  carrots,  or  beets,  at  night,  will  be  highly 
relished.  Dry  hay  should  be  varied  with  other 
food  as  much  as  possible. 


BOSS  PRIZE-BRED  WftlVIMOIH  BRflW^E  HJUKEyS 

irum  Miif  oia  |\|\(;  (;<)Itlt  LI:K^.  vii^lnhi;  liom 
forty  to  forty-Nix  poiiiHt-  •  a.  ii,  lui.l  mn  .i.i  <H  KEN 
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8rotrli  Colli'j  Sbfphcril  l>nes  and 
Fanr;  I'ouJtrj.  Hnod  foriataluf^oe 
W.^TLFF.BnirEF  A  f  O.Phil*.  P» 


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ICDCCVI  FRITITVALE  FAR."*!. 

JLrlOCI  I  Kravn  A' WhttpLeicharna. 

IV  (s  I 


JERSEY 

Jfrr'l  i!'.'iA' I  a  PlymouthRockFowrsaCgoi.  I  "  (rill  Edpf" 
SKM>  for  <ATAI.O(;rr,.  I  


REDSi  I  faVmikks'  i'uiV'i:s"  I  CATTLE 

Mortimer  Whitehead,  Mlddlebuah,  New  Jemi. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


9 


©HE    gOULiFI^Y   ^AI^D. 

(EMBODYING  RESULTS  OF  ACTI'AL  EXPKKIENCE.) 


PATTEN  THE  PO'WLS  FOB  MARKET. 

A  great  many  farmers  wlio  have  large  flocks, 
are  in  the  haint  ot  holding  on  to  the  extra  fowls 
until  Cliristmits,  as  the  prices  are  then  good. 
They  will  find  it  a  great  advantage  to  coop  them 
up  for  ten  days  before  selling.  Turkeys  fatten 
very  rapidly  when  cooped,  but  after  they  reach 
a  certain  stage,  they  begin  to  decline,  and  fall  off 
in  weight.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  they  begin 
to  worry  and  fret  from  the  confinement-  To  fat- 
ten them,  therefore,  the  work  should  be  done 
quickly.  It  is  muclx  better  to  feed  them  a  little 
at  a  time,  five  or  six  times  a  day,  than  to  feed 
them  full  meals  two  or  three  times,  the  object 
being  to  induce  them  to  eat  as  much  as  possible. 
This?  can  be  done  by  giving  them  a  mixture  of 
ground  oats  and  corn  meal,  warmed  with  hot 
water,  early  in  the  morning.  Then  mashed 
potatoes  or  turnips^  thickened  with  bran  or  shi|> 
stuff.  Cooked  clover  hay,  mixed  with  corn  meal 
should  follow,  and  milk,  to  which  a  little  rice  or 
beans  has  been  added,  should  constitute  one  feed- 
ing. At  night,  give  them  a  full  meal,  as  much 
as  they  will  eat,  of  wheat  and  corn.  Keep  plenty 
of  gravel,  charcoal,  and  clean  water  in  the  coop, 
and  keep  it  clean  and  warm.  A  turkey  fattened 
in  that  manner,  will  be  all  that  can  lie  desired  in 
ten  days,  and  the  flesh  will  be  tender  and  the 
carcass  plump,  bringing  a  good  price  for  quality 
and  increasing  in  value  from  the  extra  weight. 
Coop  each  turkey  alone. 

Hens  may  be  cooped  in  lots  of  three  or  four, 
and  may  be  fed  the  same  way,  only  they  may  be 
allowed  two  weeks  instead  of  ten  days.  Never 
put  cocks  and  hens  together  when  being  fatted. 
When  about  to  kill  them,  omit  the  night  meal, 
and  feed  nothing  until  after  fhey  are  killed, 
except  to  give  a  little  milk  to  drink.  Duriner 
the  time  they  are  cooped  the  meals  should  be  fed 
warm,  and  a  pinch  or  red  pepper  and  salt  should 
be  given  at  least  once  a  day.  Pick  them  while 
the  bodies  are  warm,  throwing  the  carcass  in 
cold  water  as  soon  as  picked.  For  family  use, 
scald  the  fowls,  which  is  the  easiest  and  cleanest 
method. 

"WATER- PROOF  RUNS  FOR  CHICKS. 

In  winter  there  is  always  diffieulty  in  securing 
warm,  dry  runs  for  early  hatched  chicks.  Glass 
is  too  expensive,  besides,  it  is  not  everj'  one  who 
understands  glazing.  A  cheap  substitute  may  be 
used  instead  of  glass  in  the  ,sha]>e  of  muslin.  For 
twenty-five  young  chicks,  make  a  run  four  feet 
wide  and  twelve  feet  long,  by  nailing  laths  to 
upright  strips.  Now  tack  the  prepared  muslin 
all  around  the  sides  of  the  yards,  in  order  to 
shield  the  chicks  from  the  winds.  The  yards 
may  be  as  deep  as  preferred,  but  sliouM  be  high 
enough  to  allow  the  attendant  to  move  about  in 
the  yard.  Make  a  top  for  the  yard,  of  lath, 
nailed  by  the  ends  to  two  running  strips,  and 
cover  it  with  prepared  muslin.  Do  not  nail  the 
top  on,  but  place  it  &o  that  it  may  be  removed 
whenever  desired.  The  yard  will  then  be  pro- 
tected on  the  top  and  sides,  and  the  heat  of  the 
sun  can  enter,  while  hawks,  cats,  and  rain  are 
prevented. 

To  make  the  )>repared  muslin,  soak  muslin 
(bleached  or  unbleached),  in  afStrong  solution  of 
soap  for  twenty-f<'ur  liours.  Then  hang  it  in  the 
shade  to  dry.  withont  wringing.  When  dry, 
soak  it  in  a  stPHig  solution  of  alum,  and  allow  to 
dry  without  wringing,  as  before.  The  muslin  will 
then  be  water-proof.  To  stiflen  the  muslin,  and 
render  it  still  better,  brush  it  over  with  a  mixture 
of  fresh  blood  and  lime,  or  lime  and  wh[te  of 
eggs.  Milk  and  Urn  i  is  also  excellent.  Muslin 
so  prepared  will  make  a  light  and  warm  run,  and 
can  be  prepared  with  very  little  expense. 


into  tlie  scratching  heap,  and  make  them  work 
tor  the  balance  of  their  meal.  Feed  nothing  but 
what  they  will  have  to  wot^k  for.  At  night  feed 
them  all  they  will  eat.  The  object  is  to  keep  the 
hens  busy  during  the  day,  but  let  them  go  on  the 
roost  full.  Hens  that  are  compelled  to  work  will 
lay  better,  and  keep  in  good  health,  while  the 
eggs  will  produce  stronger  chicks.  They  should 
always  have  a  warm  mess  early  in  the  morning, 
especially  in  the  winter,  but  the  meal  should  be 
so  given  as  to  leave  them  somewhat  hungry.  Do 
not  feed  them  at  noon,  except  by  putting  their 
food  in  the  scratching  heap,  and  never  give  soft 
food  in  the  scratching  heap.  In  other  words, 
keep  them  scratching  tor  oats,  wheat,  seeds,  and 
even  for  ground  shells.  Give  no  corn  except  at 
night,  and  give  them  their  nights  meal  without 
making  them  scratch  for  it. 


TO  MAKE  HENS  LAT  IN  WINTER. 

We  often  receive  letters  from  our  readers  stat- 
ing that  they  provide  their  fowls  with  warm 
quarters,  and  feed  regularly  and  on  a  variety, 
but,  yet  they  get  no  eggs.  Such  cases  are  numer- 
ous, and  we  will  endeavor  to  point  out  a  remedy 
for  the  difficulty.  We  well  know  that  if  we  keep 
a  horse  in  a  stable,  and  feed  him  well,  tiiat  he 
becomes  restless  and  unhappy,  and  in  order  to 
keep  him  in  good  health  he  must  be  exercised. 
With  fowls,  the  winter  prevents  foraging,  and 
our  kind  readers  go  to  the  coops  in  the  morning 
and  give  the  hens  a  heavy  good  feeding.  The 
hens,  beinsjfuU,  are  satisfied,  and  have  no  induce- 
ment to  ramble,  consequently,  do  not  take  any 
exercise,  and  become  too  fat.  The  better  ]>lan 
U  to  get  some  chaff,  cut  straw,  leaves,  or  even 
dirt,  and  place  it  where  the  hens  can  scratch  in 
it.  In  the  morniuir  tri  ve  the  hens  a  mess  of  warm 
lood,  but  onh/  a  littlr.     Now   throw  some  grain 


POULTRY  FOR  E»>GS. 

We  will  say  nothing  in  this  article  about  the 
advantages  of  hatching  chicks,  as  we  wish  to 
give  a  few  hints  to  those  who  wish  to  keep  hens 
for  eggs  only.  The  best  breed  is  the  White  Leg- 
horn, and  they  should  be  hatched  in  March,  if 
possible,  and  pushed  in  growth.  They  will  begin 
to  lay  in  August,  and  with  good  management 
will  lay  all  through  the  winter.  Another  plan  is 
to  hatch  them  in  August  or  September,  allowing 
them  to  grow  during  the  \vinter.  They  will 
begin  to  lay  in  February  and  continue  laying 
until  the  next  August,  when  they  may  be  sold. 
Such  hens,  of  course,  only  produce  eggs  when 
eggs  are  cheap,  i»ut  a  careful  manager  will  keep 
no  cocks,  but  pack  his  eggs  away  for  high  prices. 
Eggs  from  hens  that  are  not  in  company  of  cocks 
will  keep  twice  as  long  as  those  that  are  fertile. 
To  prove  this  we  will  state  that  when  such  eggs 
are  placed  in  an  incubator,  and  subjected  to  a 
heat  of  103°  for  two  or  three  weeks,  tliey  often 
are  taken  out  in  a  sound  condition,  wliile  fertile 
eggs  cannot  endure  such  heat  at  all  without 
change.  To  keep  such  eggs,  pack  them  end 
downwards  in  a  barrel,  placing  a  layer  of  wood- 
ashes  (finely  sifted),  on  the  bottom  of  the  barrel, 
then  a  layer  of  eggs  {no  eggs  touching  each 
other),  and  so  on,  until  the  barrel  is  full,  filling 
all  the  spaces  between  the  eggs  with  ashes.  Pack 
and  press  the  eggs,  head  up  the  barrel,  lay  it  on 
its  side,  and  roll  it  half  round  every  day,  and  the 
eggs  will  keep  nearly,  if  not  quite,  a  year. 


POtrtiTRY  POWDER. 

One  of  our  readers  inquires  for  the  more 
expensive  Condition  Pnwderfor  chicks  mentioned 
in  a  past  number.  Well,  here  it  is:  Gnmndsafl- 
on,  1  pound;  ground  meat,  5  pounds;  ground 
bone,  2  pounds;  ground  linseed  cake,  2  pounds; 
ground  oats  (parched),  3  pounds;  ground  char- 
coal, 2  pounds;  ground  fenugreek,  1  pound; 
sulphur,  \  pound;  salt,  i  pound;  carbonate  of 
iron,  2  pounds  ;  hyposulphite  of  soda,  1  pound — 
2U  pounds.  Give  a  teaspoonful  in  the  soft  food 
in  the  morning  to  each  hen  daily.  The  saffron, 
meat,  and  fenugreek  are  the  most  costly  items. 


POULTRY  SCRATCHINGS. 

Frostep  Combs.— Try  stTui  prevent  this,  as  the  hens 
will  not  lay  until  the  injured  member  is  healed. 

Hay  Seed.— This  is  cheap,  and  is  often  given  away. 
It  is  not  only  an  excellent  food  for  a  change,  but  just  the 
thing  tor  young  chicks. 

Periods  of  Incubation.— Three  weeks  are  required 
for  incubation  of  the  eggs  of  a  hen,  and  four  weeks  for 
those  of  the  turkey,  goose,  duck,  and  guinea. 

WrNTEB  Intbudeks.— This  is  the  season  when  the 
minks  and  hawks  are  unusually  hinigry,  and  every  pre- 
caution should  be  taken  to  prevent  damage  fiom  them. 
Should  a  pair  of  minks  effect  an  entrance  m  the  poultrj- 
house  they  will  not  leave  until  they  have  killed  all. 

ScccEssFUL  Manaoement.— Twelve  hens  will  lay 
more  eggs,  in  proportion  to  nurahers,  than  100,  for  the 
reason  that  the  smaller  number  have  more  room  and  a 
greater  variety.  To  keep  more  than  twelve  requires 
that  the  flock  be  divided,  in  order  to  prevent  crowding 
and  competition. 

Bantam  Ducks.— It  is  often  desirable  to  keep  Ban- 
tams, and  in  connection  with  them.  Bantam  Ducks. 
The  Grey  and  White  Call  Ducks  are  the  Bantams  of  the 
clnck  family  and  are  very  attractive  and  pretty.  They 
derive  their  name  from  the  fact  iliat  they  were  at  times 
used  to  decoy  or  call  wild  ducks  within  the  reach  oi 
the  sportsman. 

JroQiNoPouLTRY  attheFairs.— It  wou.d  beagood 
plan  to  have  an  expert  to  act  as  judge  at  the  State  and 
county  fairs  instead  of  leaving  the  awarding  of  prizes  to 
a  committee  who  give  the  premiimis  for  size  only.  The 
form,  condition,  color,  marks,  and  peculiar  character- 
istics, whicli  are  very  important,  are  seldom  considered 
except  when  an  expert  is  selected  to  do  the  work. 


Something  to  be  Phovided.— During  this  month  the 
ground  may  be  covered  with  snow,  or  be  hard  and  frozen. 
Something  else  is  required,  therefore,  besides  food,  which 
is  gravel,  or  ground  shells.  Fowls  will  find  such  articles 
as  ground  bone,  charcoal,  coal  or  wood  ashes,  all  service- 
able, and  will  thrive  all  the  belter  from  being  provided 
with  such. 

Meat  in  Winter.— A  small  piece  of  beef,  or  liver, 
boiled  to  pieces  in  a  large  quantity  of  water,  and  thick- 
ened with  ground  oats  and  corn  meal,  is  a  cheap  mode 
of  supplying  animal  food  during  this  season,  as  a  small 
piece  of  meat  will  provide  a  large  quantity  ot  such  food. 
A  pint  of  fresh  bullock's  blood  will  improve  the  mess, 
and  such  additions  as  potatoes  or  turnips  will  be  of  valu- 
able assistance. 

Pigeons,— Pigeons  are  not  troublesome,  and  afford 
much  interest  to  those  who  have  the  time  to  attend  to 
them  properly.  The  fancy  kinds,  such  as  pouters,  tum- 
blers, fantails,  barbs,  owls,  and  carriers,  may  he  kept  in 
the^ame  loft,  but  they  must  be  mated  first.  This  is  done 
by  confining  a  pair  together,  away  from  the  others. 
After  the  pigeons  are  all  mated,  no  danger  will  arise  of 
distinct  breeds  mixing. 

The  French  Breeds.— Every  attempt  to  introduce 
the  French  breeds,  with  one  exception,  in  this  country, 
has  failed.  The  Crevecours  and  La  Fleche  do  not  with- 
stand our  climate.  The  Houdans  are  hardy,  however, 
bm  no  heavily-crested  fowls  are  safe  from  roup,  as  the 
wet  weather  causes  the  crests  to  become  water-soaked. 
The  best  use  to  which  the  Houdan  can  be  put  is  to  cross 
the  males  with  large  Asiatic  hens,  for  which  purpose 
the  breed  is  unexcelled. 

DoMiNiCK-s  and  Plymouth  Rocks.— These  two  breeds 
are  very  similar  in  plumage,  but  the  Plymrtulh  Bock  is 
much  larger.  Tlie  Dominick.  however,  has  the  advan- 
tage of  a  rose  comb.  In  using  the  breeds  for  crossing  on 
common  fowls,  the  Plymouth  Rock  is  better  where 
market  chicks  are  desired,  hut,  the  Dominick  is  belter  if 
early  pullets  are  to  be  produced,  as  it,  being  smaller, 
matures  early.  A  cross  of  the  Dominick  and  Wyandotte 
is  a  good  one,  and  produces  hens  that  do  not  have  frosted 
combs  in  winter. 

Whitewash  in  Winter.— There  maybe  lice  present 
in  wmler  as  well  as  summer,  and  no  limit  should  be 
placed  on  the  amount  of  whitewash  used.  But  we  have 
another  reason  for  recommending  whitewash  at  this 
season,  which  is,  that  it  renders  the  inside  of  a  poultry 
house  light  and  cheerful.  The  hens  prefer-to  remain 
outside  in  preference  to  the  inside,  if  the  house  is  gloomy. 
They  love  the  light,  and  will  endure  cold  rather  than 
darkness.  A  good  whitewashing  brightens  up  the  inter- 
ior and  promotes  cleanliness. 

Ventilatixg  a  Poi-ltry  House.— One-half  of  the 
appliances  for  ventilating  poultry  houses  in  winter  are 
useless.  An  opening  at  the  top  simply  lets  in  the  cold 
air  and  keeps  the  house  cold.  Foul  air  in  winter  falls  to 
the  floor,  being  chilled  as  it  is  created.  The  safest  and 
best  method  is  to  use  a  large  roomy  house  with  no  cracks 
or  openings  of  any  kind.  In  the  daytime  keep  the  door 
open,  and  at  night  shut  the  house  up  close.  If  it  is  clean 
no  danger  will  arise  from  having  the  fowls  shut  up  for  a 
few  hours.  The  difficulty  in  winter  is  to  keep  the  cold 
out^not  to  let  it  in. 

Eggs  From  Fancy  Breeds.— A  good  many  persons 
are  opposed  to  paying  from  ?.3.00  to  ^5.00  for  eggs.  Now, 
friends,  it  is  not  the  tggs  that  you  buy,  but  the  breed. 
Take  a  flock  of  twenty  turkeys,  and  suppose  they  aver- 
age flfteen  pounds  each,  at  fifteen  cents  a  pound.  We 
consequently  have  300  pounds  of  meat,  worth  $-1.5.00. 
Now  introduce  Bronze  gobblers,  and  each  turkey  next 
year  will  weigh  from  five  to  ten  pounds  more,  and  if  con- 
tinued until  the  turkeys  are  three-quarters  Bronze,  the 
weight  of  each  member  of  the  flock  will  be  from  thirty 
to  forty  pounds.  It  requires  no  calculation  to  show  the 
profitableness  of  the  original  outlay  for  eggs. 

Number  OF  Eggs  from  Different  Kinds.— A  hen 
will  lay,  on  an  average,  about  nine  dozen  eggs  in  a  year, 
and  perhaps  hatch  two  broods,  though  some  hens  have 
been  known  to  lay  as  many  as  fifteen  dozen.  A  turkey 
seldom,  lays  over  two  dozen  eggs,  a  goose  three  dozen,  a 
duck  eight  dozen,  and  a  guinea  eight  dozen.  These  fig- 
ures are  not  exact  however.  We  have  known  flocks  of 
geese  to  only  average  twenty  eggs,  thougli  individuals 
have  laid  as  many  as  forty.  A  flock  of  turkeys  often 
will  not  average  twenty,  but  hens  may  be  induced  to 
lay  more  by  taking  away  the  eggs.  Guineas  are  prolific, 
and  il  deprived  of  their  eggs,  sometimes  e.xcel  the  hens. 
A  duck  will  lay  anywhere  from  flrty  to  one  hundred 
eggs. 


INCUBATORS  .f.-«v.^ir4e,s 

■  triiil.    ('.  W.  Saviilee,  2524  Hunllngilllq  St.,  PI 


100 

sizes. 


Pbila. 


J 

-- 

i 

^0\^             DO  YOU  WANT  A  DOG?      \ 

^*^-~^               If  so.  send  for  DOG  BUYERS* 

W~~ — ^m.        GUIDE,  containing  colored  plates. 

^ — — — ~~3i^     I'-o  engravings  of  different  breeds. 
— ^^""^NTfe     prices  they  are  worth,  and  where  to 

-  ■ff'^jiu^'m     luvthem.     Also,  cuts  of  Dog  Fur- 
ff™-    '^    ni5hingG'>ods  of  all  kinds.      Direc- 
■lijUy  4;»7S    ii'"-'ns  for  Training  Dogs  and  Breed-  K 
m^     -^  g    irig  Ferrets.     Mailed  for  lo  cts.        fi 

|i>sWi      PEILAEELPHIi  KENHELS,     | 
-•^^3^^  237S.8tliSt.                 Philad'a.  ^ 

10 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    rSoUSEHOLD. 


THE  GREAT  GIFT  DAT. 
Mrs.  J.  £.  McC. 

Christmas  is  pre-eminently  "children's  day," 
the  Christian  world  all  over ;  and  there  is  much 
left  out  of  the  landscape  where  there  are  no  sweet 
memories  of  the  day  to  recall  in  later  years. 
Said  a  little  girl,  whose  parents  had  met  with  sad 
reverses,  as  she  spoke  of  their  present  troubles  :^ 
"But  they  can't  take  away  the  memory  of  the 
good  times  we  have  had." 

When  happiness  is  so  cheap,  it  seems  a  pity 
that  some  should  be  so  saving  of  the  little  outlay 
it  requires  to  secure  it.  An  evening's  planning 
and  making  of  home-made  toys;  a  morning's 
work  at  the  cake  board ;  a  small  sum  invested  in 
sweets  and  toy  books,  and  a  tree  may  be  laden 
with  such  fruit  as  it  bears  only  at  Christmas 
time.  And,  oh!  the  diSerence  to  the  cliildreu  ! 
I  have  trimmed  a  Christmas  tree  for  nineteen 
successive  years,  and  the  gifts  have  been  many 
and  varied,  hoili  as  to  expense  and  size,  but  often 
I  have  found  that  the  simplest  gave  the  most 
long-lived  enjoyment.  I  remember  once,  a  well 
filled  tree  with  many  handsome  toys  bought  in  a 
city  bazaar,  which  was  almost  eclipsed  by  a  pair 
of  snow  white  rabbits,  with  pink  bead  eyes, 
whicli  sat  under  the  tree.  They  were  caught  up 
and  hugged  and  loved  long  after  the  eye  had 
been  satisfied,  with  just  looking  at  many  more 
beautiful  objects.  Something  with  which  a  child 
can  really  play,  is  of  far  more  interest  than  cold 
silver  cups  anil  table-sets  and  costly  jewelry. 

The  pretty,  soft  toys,  so  easy  to  make  with  the 
aid  of  a  good  pattern,  such  as  elephants,  rabbits, 
dogs,  and  cats,  are  a  never  failing  source  of 
pleasure  to  the  little  folks,  who  are  very  mild 
art  critics.  It  is  pleiusant  to  liave  sometliing  left 
for  a  child's  invention  an<l  imagination  to  lay 
hold  of,  and  these  faculties  may  both  be  largely 
trained  by  the  toys  they  receive.  I  have  always 
regarded  tliem  as  very  essential  text-books,  in 
these  early  forming  years.  I  pity  the  poor  chil- 
dren whose  super-tidy  mother  "  will  not  allow 
her  house  to  be  littered  up  with  such  things." 
X  know  they  have  a  dreary  Christmas  time. 

Some  mothers  are  unwilling  to  prepare  a 
Christmas  tree  because  of  the  supposed  expense 
of  the  mere  decorations.  These  may  be  made 
very  bright  and  pretty  at  home,  with  but  little 
expense.  .VU  sit  around  the  table  some  evening 
and  cut  Inim  newspapers,  little  patterns  of 
shields,  bntlcrflies,  maltese  crosses,  hearts,  or 
whatever  is  fancied,  until  a  pretty  good  pattern 
is  secured.  Then  cut  out  the  figure  in  )iaste- 
board,  and  cover  with  any  bits  of  biiglit  paper 
you  have  (as  red,  blue,  gilt),  and  daintily  bar  or 
dot  them  with  some  contrasting  color.  IJright 
paper,  in  all  colors,  may  be  bought  for  a  lew 
cents  eacli,  at  any  stationers,  and  one  of  a  kind  is 
quite  enough.  Little  fans  of  red  or  blue  paper, 
with  a  gilt  border,  look  very  pretty  among  the 
green  leaves  and  so  do  large  butterflies.  A 
bright  card  iiere  and  there  is  very  effective,  so 
are  reti  apples,  and  cakes  in  fanciful  shapes. 
Having  the  tree  decorated,  it  is  easy  to  furnish  it 
by  adding  the  gifts  you  propose  to  give  to  one 
another,  and  these  should  l)e  kept  secret  as  far  as 
you  can.  It  spoils  half  the  poetry  of  Christmas 
for  the  little  folks  to  "  know  beforehand."  I 
know  it  is  hard  to  keep  such  secrets,  but  it  does 
"  break  the  charm  "  partly,  to  tell  thcni.  Kspe- 
cially  does  "the  child  that  peeps,"  detract  a 
good  deal  from  her  days  enjoyment.  Shut  and 
lock  the  warm  parlor,  and  let  some  trusty  person 
trim  the  tree  and  lock  it  up  securely  until  Christ- 
mas morning.  Then  make  an  unbending  law 
that  each  must  dress  completely  to  the  last  shoe 
button,  before  they  go  down  to  the  well-warmed, 
well-lighted  room.  For  if  you  do  not  see  that 
dressing  is  done  beforehand,  you  will  find  it  a 
hard  matter  to  enforce  the  law  afterwards  The 
dressing  will  go  on  witli  a  rapidity  and  a  chatter 
and  laughter  that  will  be  unusual  on  a  cold  win- 
ter morning.  You  will  not  need  to  "  hurry  up" 
even  your  laziest  boy. 

Even  simple  presents  look  twice  as  valuable 
coming  from  the  branches  of  a  well-trimmed 
Christmas  tree,  and  the  associations  are  better 
even  than  the  gift.  Bridget  in  the  kitchen  will 
by  no  means  be  forgotten.  And  it  is  well  to 
teach  each  of  the  children  to  be  thoughtful  with 
regard  to  domestics;  especially  the  little  daugh- 
ters of  the  house.  Presents  she  will  best  appre- 
ciate, will  be  of  a  substantial,  practical  kind, 
and  a  litttle  tact  and  discretion  on  the  part  of  the 
mather  can  contrive  something  acceptable.  The 
domestic  machinery  will  run  far  more  smoothly 
if  she  is  in  good  spirits  for  the  day,  to  .say  noth- 
ing of  the  moral  duty  of  kindness  to  "the  stran- 
ger that  is  within  thy  gates."  Try  to  fix  the  good 
lesson  of  giving  as  well  as  getting  on  the  hearts 
of  all  the  dear  children. 


HOITB  MADE. 


The  little  Conovers  were  ai)t  to  come  in  with 
feet  all  snowy  and  wet,  making  a- change  of 
stockings  necessary  at  once.  That  bi-i[igdone, 
the  school  shoes  were  placed  in  a  row  by  the 
kitchen  stove  to  dry,  and  the  little  folks  trotted 
around  stocking-footed  for  the  remainder  of  the 
evening.  This  worried  Aunt  Esther,  who  did  a 
good  deal  of  knitting,  and  who  had  sat  up  nights 
with  eroupy  children,  many  times'in  her  life. 

"They'll  wear  their  stoclcing-feet  all  out,  Cyn- 
thia, and  catch  their  death  of  cold  besides,"  she 
said.  "They  ought  to  wear  slippers  in  the  even- 
ing." "  I  know  it,"  said  mother,  looking  troub- 
led, "  but  it  would  take  five  dollars  to  slipper 
them  all  around,  and  I  have  not  the  money  to 
spare."  "  Oh,"  said  auntie,  "  1  will  see  that 
they  all  have  slippers,  and  it  shall  not  cost  us 
five  cents."  Mother  was  rather  incredulous,  but 
cheerfully  brought  out  her  old  rolls  of  thick 
cloth,  for  inspection.  Some  thick  pieces  were 
found,"and  laid  in  a  pile,  and  then  Aunt  Esther 
proceed  to  cut  a  pattern  over  a  Sunday  shoe  front. 
The  back  of  the  slipper  was  a  straight  strip.  A 
pair  of  slippers  were  cut  out  and  fitted  to  Josie's 
feet,  and  thick  cloth  soles  were  sewed  in,  and  the 
top  bound  with  a  strip  of  silk.  They  proved  so 
popular  that  their  was  a  clamor  as  to  who  shiuild 
have  the  next  pair.  But  as  it  took  only  half  an 
hour  to  make  them,  all  were  soon  supplied,  and 
walking  about  with  great  content,  often  looking 
down  to  their  feet.  Aunt  Esther  assured  them 
that  they  "  would  not  pinch  their  toes  in  the 
least." 

Any  skillful  needle-woman  can  easily  fashion 
these  simple  moccasins  for  her  children  use, 
morning  and  evening,  and  will  find  them  a  great 
saving  and  comfort. 

Little  mitlens,  too,  can  be  cut  from  soft  woolen 
cloth,  and  quickly  slitched  up  on  the  sewing 
machine,  and  they  will  iielp  greatly  to  keep  the 
frost  away  from  little  fingers.  They  are  espe- 
cially good  for  rough  work,  like  handling  wood, 
which  would  soon  tear  out  your  boy's  fine  knit* 
ted  mittens. 

>.iany  mothers  cut  and  sew  little  polo  caps  for 
their  boys,  out  of  pieces  left  from  their  suits. 
A  little  oliservation  of  a  "  regular  made  "  cap, 
will  show  one  how  to  make  it,  and  it  is  quite  the 
style  to  have  one  match  the  other  clothes. 

If  you  make  the  small  jackets  and  pantaloons, 
spare  ni)  pains  to  procure  an  excellent  jiattern  to 
begin  with.  It  is  hard  on  the  little  fellows  to 
shuffle  aronnil  among  well-dressed  school-mates 
in  ill-fitting,  ill-made  garments,  all  for  want  of  a 
litttle  pains-taking  on  the  part  of  the  mother. 


VENTrLATION  IN  WINTER. 
Bxj  OUvr. 

Some  house-mothers  complain  of  a  large  in- 
crease of  head-ache  as  soon  as  the  house  is  shut 
up,  and  the  tires  lighted  for  winter.  One  reason 
is  that  they  pursue  the  Icelandic  plan  of  ventila- 
tion. 

A  gentleman  spending  a  night  in  an  Icelandic 
house,  slept  in  a  room  with  a  number  of  Ice- 
landers. During  the  night  he  woke  up  almost 
suflbcated  for  a  breath  of  air.  He  awakened  his 
host  anil  asked  if  some  air  could  not  be  obtained. 
The  man  reluctantly  arose,  and  going  to  a  knot- 
hole in  the  side  of  the  house,  pulled  out  a  cork 
and  held  it  in  his  hand  a  minute  or  two,  then 
with  a  shiver,  he  put  it  back  and  piiunded  it 
down,  saying  they  should  "  all  freeze  to  death," 
and  returned  to  his  jiillow, 

A  warm  house  is  an  excellent  thing  in  the 
winter.  So  are  warm  sleeping  rooms,  despite  the 
old  ]>rejudice  some  still  hold  against  them. 
There  is  nothing  health-giving  in  children  shiv- 
ering half  the  night  in  cold  beds  trying  to  get 
warm.  Many  a  delicate  little  oue  has  gone  to  its 
grave  by  such  a  hardening  process.  No  doubt 
one  great  cause  for  the  increased  longevity  of  the 
race  in  our  land,  is  because  of  our  warmer  houses 
in  winter.  My  children  have  slept  in  well- 
w'armed  roonis  all  their  lives,  and  are  never 
under  the  doctor's  care  ;  often  for  a  half  dozen 
years  at  a  time,  never  have  to  consult  one,  an 
uncommon  thing  among  village  children  of  my 
acquaintance.  Depend  upon  it,  there  is  a  fallacy 
in  this  theory  of  toughening  children,  and  har- 
dening their  I'onstitutions  by  exposure  to  cold. 
Dr.  William  Hall,  .>ays  he  "  would  as  soon  think 
of  improving  a  new  hat  by  banging  it  around." 
The  only  way  to  harden  the  constitution,  is  by 
taking  good  care  of  it. 

Well-warmed  sleeping  rooms  in  winter,  are  a 
blessing  indeed,  and  a  stove  in  an  up])er  hall  can 
often  secure'this.  But  the  rooms  should  also  be 
well  aired  sometime  during  the  day,  and  all  the 
blessed  sunshine  of  the  short  winter  day  let  in 
somewhere. 


RECLPBS. 

Roast  Beff. — Almost  every  Christmas  table 
will  be  supplied  with  a  generous  roast  of  beef, 
and  even  so  common  a  dish  needs  to  be  well  pre- 
pared to  be  a  success.  To  insure  this,  it  should 
oe  well  floured  to  keep  in  the  juices,  should  be 
basted  often,  and  tnrneil  frequently,  and  the  oven 
should  be  kept  at  a  good  even  heat.  Place  in  the 
dripping  pan,  with  the  bony  side  up,  at  first,  and 
finish  with  the  other  side  uppermost,  just  as  you 
wish  to  serve  it  on  the  table.  A  general  rule  is 
twenty  minutes  time  for  each  pound. 

Oyster  Soup. — Most  Christmas  dinners  begin 
with  soup,  and  proVjably  nine  out  of  ten  have 
oyster  soup.  To  make  it,  take  2  quarts  of  water, 
1  tablespoonful  of  salt,  2  of  butter,  half  teaspoon- 
ful  of  pepper.  Heat  to  a  boiling  point.  Add 
pint  of  oysters,  6  rolled  crackers,  1  cup  of  sweet 
cream.  ^Remove  the  moment  it  boils  up,  and 
serve  immediately.  No  one  asks  for  soup  twice, 
nor  is  it  considered  good  style  to  pass  the  plate  a 
second  time  for  any  dish.  On  Christmas  day 
especially,  is  it  unwise,  if  one  desires  to  live  and 
dine  another  day. 

The  De-SSEKT. — The  dessert  on  Christmas  day 
is  the  feature  of  the  dinner  to  which  the  little 
folks  especially  look  forward.  It  sliould  be  made 
as  decorative  as  })ossilde,  so  it  may  gratify  the 
finer  sentiments  as  well  as  please  the  palate.  A 
central  dish  shonld  contain  oranges,  apples, 
grapes,  and  bananas,  gracefully  arranged.  On 
one  side  of  it  should  stand  a  dish  of  almonds  and 
raisins,  on  the  other,  one  of  candies.  Plum  pud- 
ding and  mince  pie  (especially  the  latter,  with 
us  American  folks),  have  come  to  be  thought 
most  necessary  adjuncts  to  this  feast,  and  almost 
every  comfortable  child  in  the  land  will  believe 
that  his  "mother's  mince  pies  "  were  the  best 
that  ever  were  eaten.  So,  no  housekeeper  wants 
a  receipe  for  them ;  all  know  how.  The  order  of 
serving  a  desert  is,  pudding  and  )iastry,  first,  ices, 
fruits,  nuts,  raisins,  bonbons,  and  then  small  cupa 
of  black  coffee,  (by  way  of  medicine  probably). 


^m\ 


«i5goS2»s««(^^^- 


IFREETOALLI 

If  you  will  ocrco  to  ehow  them  tol 
yourtnr>n.J9,  WLMritI  emd  1  Henn.! 
tiful  ^iilver  l^-lnted  Ifiiitterl 
Knife,    1    £:ie;;.-int    Silver! 

nated  Sncjir  Spoon,  N>th  of| 

unique  and  pl.aping  pnttem.  1  Set  | 
'6)  Silver-Steel  'l^ea  Spoons  I 
Vill  w.-!ir  i"X  y.-:ir>),  qihI  the  I^a«| 
dies*  Uome  4'ook  Dook,  nil  I 
FREE  to  any  p-rs'in  f.  ij.'jiS  44  CTS.  I 
fortho  HOUSEHOtD  AND  FARM, 
lar^e  Ifi  y>p.  Family  paper,  4  mo.:  ;  now  I 
In  Its  10th  Vol.,  ronltte  vith  the  best  I 
Stones,  Poetry,  Fash  ions.  Wit,  etc.  etc.  I 
W«  knowvou  will  like  itl  This  Rreat  I 
offer  is  made  in  ordurto  pet  itewrcad-  I 
erg,  and  is  the  ni..it  lih^r^I  frermade  I 
by  any  rcspunsililo  piiI(ii>hor.  Satis-  I 
faction  piiaranteed  or  money  refundrd.  I 
All  ornrrs  filled  promptly.  Do  not  I 
mi«9  ttiis  chance  to  eccure  double  I 
valuo  for  your  money.  Write  at  once.  I 
Name  this  paper.  Address,  Mason  I 
tSz  Co.  Publishers,  11  Cen- | 
tral  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 


#i>— ^s> 


BALL'S 


CORSETS 


TheOXLT  CORSET  made  that  can  be  returned  by 
its  purchaser  after  thres  weeks  wf.ir.  if  nut  founa 

PERFECTLY  SATISFACTORY  „ 
In  every  respect,  nnd  its  price  refunded  ny  seller. 
Made  in  a  variety  of  styles  and  prices.  Sold  by  Unst- 
olftss  dealers  evervwheip.  Beware  of  worthle^M  imi- 
tations. None  frennine  without  Bail's  nnmo  on  box. 
8HICACO  CORSET  CO.,  Chicago.  III. 
Y,  HARMON  &.  CO.,  New  Haven,  Conil* 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


11 


Odds  and  Cnds. 


SKETCHES  OF  CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 


Akticle  IV. 


BMucation  in  Japan  is  not  such  a  slow  institu- 
tion as  one  would  naturally  suppose,  judging 
from  the  ignorant  look  the  subjects  so  often  show. 

As  a  specimen  of  Japanese  intellect,  I  herewith 
present  a  eopv  of  the  Mikado's  Proclamation, 
taken  from  the  Japan  Gazette.  It  also  fully 
explains  some  reports  that  seem  to  have  been 
circulated  in  regard  to  the  new  move  on  the  part 
of  the  Southern  government,  which  I  gave  in 
Chapter  4,  of  these  sketches. 

PROCLAMATION. 

"  Being  now  established  in  my  reign,  and  in 
the  Government  over  all  people,  (of  Japan),  I 
have  taken  into  consideration  that  Yeddo  is  well 
adapted  for  the  seat  of  Government,  inasmuch  its 
it  is  the  greatest,  the  most  populous,  and  the 
wealthiest  city  in  the  Eastern  Empire.  I  tiiere- 
fore  decree  that  Yeddo  shall  be  the  seat  of  my 
Government,  and  the  city  shall  henceforth  be 
called  Toukei,  or  the  Eastern  Capitol.  Tliis  I  do 
because  I  consider  my  whole  Empire  as  but  one 
body,  and  therefore  I  am  anxious  to  show  no 
partiality  to  either  the  Eastern  or  Western  prov- 
inces. 

"Let  all  my  subjects  be  informed  tliat  such  is 
my  decree,  given  in  the  seventh  month  of  the 
the  year  Tatsu. 

"  The  aforesaid  being  the  order  of  the  Mikado, 
the  people  of  Japan  are  further  notified  that 
since  the  establi-shment  of  the  Government  at 
Yeddo  in  the  11th  year  of  Kecho,  (A.  D.  1600), 
the  city  lias  attained  a  state  of  enormous  pros- 
perity ;  but  through  the  recent  change  in  the 
form  of  Government,  it  has  been  feared  that  the 
inhabitants  would  lose  th..-ir  wealth,  and  the  city 
would  fill  into  decav.  The  thought  of  such  a 
calamity  causes  great  griet  m  his  Majesty. 

**  And  further,  owing  to  the  recent  extension 
of  our  foreign  intercourse,  it  is  desirable  that  the 
whole  of  the  Japanese  military  forces  should  be 
so  proportionately  distributed  as  best  to  protect 
the  interests  of  our  Empire. 

"  His  Majesty,  therefore,  taking  all  these  cir- 
cumstances into  consideration,  has  determined  to 
visit  alternately,  his  Ea.stern  and  Western  Domin- 
ions, and  thus  he  will  be  able  to  learn,  from 
personal  observation,  the  extent  of  his  people's 
prosperity.  Accordingly,  his  Majesty  will  reside 
sometimes  at  his  Eastern  capitol,  (Yeddo),  and 
sometimes  at  his  Western,  (Kioto). 

"Such  is  the  beneficieiit  intention  of  His  Ma- 
jesty for  the  welfare  of  all  his  subjects:  this  bis 
edict  is  to  be  proclaimed  to  all,  and  to  be  fully 
understood  by  all,  so  that  his  people  by  appreci- 
ating it,  may  be  able  to  express  their  grattituce. 

"Yet,  let'tlieir  be  no  reason  to  fear  that  our 
people  shall  become  proud  because  they  are 
prosperous ;  and  let  them  not  neglect  their  ordin- 
ary employments.  A  state  of  luxurious  idleness 
is  a  natural  consequence  of  prosperity  and  wealth. 
Should  this  be  so  with  our  people,  they  will 
endanger  their  jirosperity,  and  even  cripple  their 
resources.  With  due  regard  therefore,  to  their 
future  welfare,  let  them  attend  studiously  to  the 
development  of  their  arts  and  manufactures, 
and  to  tlie  extent  of  their  commercial  interests. 
Bysneh  wise  action  our  people  will  best  preserve 
Iheir  Country's  prosperity. 

"[Printed  by  order  of  the  Japanese  Govern- 
Jnant,  and  published  by  Suwaraya  Mohe,  living 
at  Nihon  Bashi  Dori  Ichoomi,  in  Yeddo.]." 

There  certainly  is  a  very  prominent  mark  of 
civilization  in  the  Mikado's  proclamation,  even 
sometimes  one  thinks  it  goes  a  step  farther  than 
ordinary  civilization.  Where  is  the  American 
Governor  who  leels  for  his  people  as  this  Mikado 
did?  Willing  to  inconvenience  himself  by  the 
establishment  of  two  Dominion,  in  order  that 
"  the  inhabitants  would  not  lose  their  wealth, 
and  the  city  fall  into  decay."  It  shows  human- 
ity ;  and  now  that  Thk  Farm  and  Garden  is 
the  iirst  of  the  American  Press  to  recognize  thi.i 
fact,  it  is  well  worthy  of  our  people  to  consider 
the  kind  suggestions  of  this  ruler,  whom  it  is 
natural  for  us  to  look  uiion  as  a  heathen  Prince  ; 
but  back  of  it  all,  notwithstanding,  there  is  the 
brightest  exam))le  of  a  christian  career.  The  last 
paragraph,  extortini;  the  people  not  to  "neglect 
their  ordin.arv  employments,"  and  engage  in  "  a 
state  of  luxurious  idleness,— a  natural  conse- 
quence of  pros|)erity  and  wealth,"  is  well  worthy 
of  a  sermon;  and  the  Prince's  prediction  that 
such  "  will  endanger  their  prosper.ity,  and  even 
cripple  their  resources,"  is  inde«d  well  said,  and 
goes  to  show  what  great  minds  these  heathens 
have. 


Exercise  For  The  Girls. — Dr.  H.  F.  Ham- 
ilton says,  that  at  least  once  a  day,  girls  should 
have  their  halters  taken  off,  the  bars  let  down, 
and  be  turned  loose  like  young  colts.  Calis- 
thenics may  be  very  genteel,  and  romping  may 
be  very  ungenteel,  but  one  is  the  shadow  and  the 
other  the  substance  of  healthful  exercise. 


Hon.  David  Davis  likes  to  do  a  kindly  d.  .n 
his  own  way,  and  is  much  annoyed  by  being 
"  found  out  in  it  "  by  those  Argus  eyed  people 
the  reporters.  One  holiday  time,  a  little  ragged 
newsboy,  from  whom  he  had  often  bought  a 
morning  paper,  appeared  before  him  at  the  usual 
hour.  Calling  a  messengev  he  sent  him  out  to 
buy  the  boy  a  suit  from  cap  to  boots.  When 
they  returned,  he  directed  his  barber  to  cut  his 
hair  and  give  hipi  a  bath.  He  then  took  the 
metamorphosed  boy  to  his  room  and  gave  liini 
some  kind  advice,  which  was  supplemented  by  a 
handful  of  small  coins  for  Christmas,  and  then 
sent  him  home  to  his  mother.  That  she  hardly 
recognized  him  is  not  strange,  but  neither  will 
be  likely  to  forget  that  day,  or  the  kind  man  who 
had  so  generously  provided  for  them. 


ASTHETIC  FOWLS. 


A  gentleman  owned  some  ducks  which  used  to 
stand  for  hours  about  some  very  brilliant  China 
Asters  in  his  border,  as  if  admiring  their  color. 
They  did  not  peck  at  them  as  if  drawn  there  by 
insects,  but  stood  quite  still  and  looked,  anil 
looked,  as  if  fascinated  by  the  brillian  hues.  By 
and  by,  some  rich  purple  flowers  of  another  sort 
bloomed  out  brightly,  and  this  spot  too  became  a 
magnet  for  the  (jucks. 

They  showed  their  refined  taste  also  in  another 
way.  A  young  lady  was  playing  one  day  on  the 
piano  for  company,  and  when  she  ceased,  two 
ducks,  which  had  by  some  means  stolen  in,  wad- 
dled out  from  under  the  sofa,  ami  quacked 
loudly  "  encore."  All  were  surprised,  and  tried 
the  charms  of  music  again  upon  chem.  Instantly 
they  crouched  down  and  listened  as  attentively 
as  before.  After  this  they  were  often  noticed  to 
leave  the  field  and  travel  towards  the  house 
whenever  they  heard  the  piano.  May  be  the  old 
fable  of  Orjiheus  had  some  foundation  in  fact 
after  all. 


An  English  scientist  held  the  opinion  that  one 
might  manufacture  dreams  to  onler.  So  he  made 
ui)  his  mind  to  dream  one  on  Polar  bears.  He 
shut  himself  uji  all  day  to  Polar  bear  literature, 
excluding,  as  far  as  possible,  everything  else 
from  his  mind.  The  last  impression  left  on  his 
mind  before  drojjijing  asleep,  was  of  a  large  Polar 
bear  just  stepping  offa  cake  of  ice. 

But  he  saw  no  Polar  bear  in  his  dreams.  In- 
stead he  dreamed  of  whale  fishing,  with  many 
thrilling  adventures,  from  which  he  awoke  in 
terror.  His  Polar  bear  experiment  was  a  tailure. 
But  he  was  puzzled  to  trace  the  connection  be- 
tween the  day's  thoughts  and  his  actual  dream. 
Finally,  he  remembered  tiiat  in  one  of  the  books 
he  had  read,  there  was  in  one  corner  of  a  large 
)>late,  a  tiny  picture  representing  whale  fishing, 
and  upon  this  his  eye  rested  only  for  an  instant. 
But  out  of  such  meagre  material  the  ilreani  had 
been  manufactured.  He  tried  a  similar  ex))eri- 
ment  for  six  consecutive  days,  taking  a  different 
ubject  each  time.  But  only  once  did  he  dream 
on  the  one  he  had  selected,  and  then  it  was 
mixed  with  other  subjects  on  which  he  had  not 
thought  for  weeks. 


FEMALE  THUMBS. 


The  female  thumb  is  said  to  be  an  important 
index  to  the  female  character.  Women  with 
large  thumbs  are  held  by  phrenologists,  physi- 
ognomists,  etc.,  to   be   more  than  ordinarily  in- 


telligent— what  are  called  sensible  women ; 
while  women  with  small  thumbs  are  regarded  as 
romantic.  According  to  certain  authors,  who 
profess  to  have  been  observers,  a  woman's  hand 
is  more  indicative  of  a  woman's  character  than 
her  face,  as  the  latter  is,  to  a  certain  extent, 
under  the  control  of  temporary  emotions,  or  of 
the  will,  whereas  the  former  is  a  fact  which 
exists  for  any  one  who  understands  it  to  profit 
by.  Women  with  square  hands  and  small  thumbs 
are  said  to  m.ake  good  house-wives  and  gentle 
wives.  This  sort  of  women  will  make  any  man 
happy  who  is  fortunate  enough  to  win  them. 
They  are  not  at  all  romantic,  but  they  are  what 
is  better,  thoroughly  domestic.  Women  with 
long  thumbs  have  tempers  of  their  own,  and  gen- 
erally a  long  tongue. 

There  is  a  hint  in  this  to  a  lover.  Let  him, 
the  first  time  he  seizes  hold  of  his  mistress'  hand, 
examine,  under  some  pretext  or  another,  her 
thumb,  and  if  it  be  large,  let  him  make  up  his 
mind  as  soon  as  he  becomes  a  married  man,  he 
will  have  to  be  very  careful.  Again,  if  a  young 
man  finds  that  his  lady  love  has  a  large  palm, 
withO-shaped  fingers  and  a  small  thumb,  let  him 
thank  his  stars — for  in  that  case,  she  is  suscep- 
tible to  tenderness,  easily  flattered,  very  easily 
talked  into  or  out  of  anything,  and  readily 
managed.  But  if  she  is  a  woman  with  a  square 
hand,  well  proportioned,  and  only  a  tolerably 
developed  thumb,  then  she  is  either  one  of  two 
distinct  classes  of  women — a  practical  female 
who  will  stand  no  nonsense,  or  she  is  a  designing 
female — a  woman  who  cannot  be  duped,  or  a 
woman  who  will  dupe  him. 

A  CLOSE  SHAVE. 

A  close  shave  by  a  cannon  ball  in  battle  pro- 
duces some  queer  sensations  in  tiiosewho  happen 
to  have  had  the  experience  in  such  matters.  The 
London  Herald  relates  the  experience  of  M. 
Boutibouse,  the  French  savant,  who  served  in 
Napoleon's  army  and  was  present  at  many  en- 
gagements. \t  the  battle  of  Wagram,  in  1809, 
iiewas  in  the  heat  of  the  fray  ;  the  ranks  around 
him  had  been  terribly  thinned  by  shot,  and  at 
sunset  he  was  nearly  isolated.  While  reloading 
his  musket  he  was  shot  down  bv  a  cannon  ball. 
His  impression  was  that  the  iiall  had  passed 
through  his  legs  below  Ins  knees,  completely 
severing  them,  for  he  suddenly  sank  down,  short- 
ened, as  he  believed,  to  the  extent  of  about  a  foot 
in  measurement.  'The  trunk  of  the  body  fell 
backward  on  the  ground,  and  the  man's  senses 
were  paralysed  by  the  shook.  Thus  he  lay, 
motionless,  among  the  wounded  and  dead  all 
night,  not  daring  to  move  when  consciousness 
partially  returned,  lest  the  loss  of  blood  should 
be  fatally  increased.  That  he  felt  no  pain  he 
attributed  to  the  stunning  effect  of  the  shock  on 
his  nervous  system,  and  he  was  still  mentally  too 
numbed  as  to  be  able  to  rea.son  as  to  why  he  had 
not  bled  to  death.  At  early  dawn  he  was  aroused 
by  one  of  the  medical  stall',  who  came  nmnd  to 
lielj)  the  wounded.  "  Wbiit's  the  matter  with 
you,  my  good  fellow?"  said  the  surgeon,  ".^h, 
touch  me  tenderly,  doctor,"  replied  M.  Bouti- 
liouse ;  "  a  cannon"  ball  has  carried  off  my  legs  !  " 
The  surgeon  examined  the  limbs  referred  to,  and 
then,  giving  him  a  good  shake,  said  with  a  loud 
laugh:  "Get  up  with  you;  there's  nothing  the 
matter  with  your  legs!"  M.  Boutihouse  sprang 
u))  in  utter  astonishment,  and  stood  firmly  on  the 
legs  which  he  had  thought  lost  forever.  "I  felt 
more  thankful,"  said  he  "  than  I  had  ever  felt  in 
the  whole  course  of  my  life  before.  I  had  not  a 
wound  about  me.  I  had  indeed  been  shot  down 
by  an  immense  cannon  ball,  but  instead  of  pas- 
sing through  my  legs,  as  1  firmly  believed  it  had, 
the  ball  had  passed  under  my  feet  and  had 
ploughed  a  hole  in  the  earth  beneath  at  least  a 
foot  in  depth,  into  which  my  feet  .suddenly  .sank, 
giving  me  the  idea  that  I  hail  been  thus  shortened! 
by  the  loss  of  my  legs." 


PUate  mention  THE  FARiC  AND  OARDEN. 


FREE  TO  ALL 

oru  m:%v  f.\i,i,  pkick.i.ist  op 

SEED  WHEAT,  BULBS,   PLANTS, 

SMALL  FRUITS,  Etc. 

BENSON,  MAUL.E  &  CO.,  Philad'a,  Pa 


251'^i^PouLmYMD 


108  Pnjie»-  Teaches  jrm  to  raise, 
care  for.  feed,  auU  be  a  ••successful 
IKHiItr3'iiian;"uliow  to  prevent  <Ua- 
eases  of  ohi  or  yoimp.  and  have 
hens  to  lay  egss.  25  cts.  In  Htampa, 
and  a  Fifry  Page  Book  •■free  for 
all"  with  It. 

A.    IVI.    I.ANO, 
Cove  Dalci  l..cwu  Cty,  Hj* 


We  will  send  vou  a  watch  or  a  chain 
BV  91AILOK  EXPRESS,  CO.  D,,  to  be 

examined  befuie  paying  any  money 
and  if  nut  satisfactory,  returned  at 
our  expense.  We  manufacture  all 
our  wiitches  and  save  you  3i)  per 
cent.  Cataloguf  of  250  styles  free. 
Everv  W.it.-h  Wnrrantt'd.    Address 

STAMAED  AMERICAN  WATCH  COl, 

riTTSBUliGH,  PA. 


Fo'^SGeDSfTlGn.FLORiSTS^nURSeRYMen 


innnn  ELECTROS  IN  stock. 

IVJ.UUU  SENDFOR  CATALOGUES 


PHI  LA  D± 


GUERNSEYS  and  JERSEYS 

Also  TlIOROr<;HBllEDS    AND    CilJAOES. 
Yuillie  Stock  fur  sale.       Send  stainp  Wyx  (atnloKUC. 

T.  Walter  &  Sons,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


12 


THE    FARM   AISTD    GARDEN. 


AT^OL.  IV.,  IsTo.  IV. 


Page  1. 
Page  2. 


Page  3. 

Page  4. 

Page  5. 
Page  6. 
Page  7. 
Page  8. 

Page  9. 

Page  10. 


CONTENTS  OF  THIS  NUMBER. 

—Golden  Opportunities  in  the  Soulli,  by  Josepb. 

—How  to  Raise  lieets.  bv  W.  V.  Boynton.  To- 
bacco Culture,  bv  Thos.  D.  Baird.  No  Excel- 
lence Without  Labor.  Rice  or  ESj-ypllan 
Corn.    Gathering  Corn. 

.—Nuts  tor  Winter  Evenines,  by  Carya.  Notes 
on  Farm  and  Garden  for  November. 

—A  Miserable  Pest.  Bone  Dust  for  Melons.  Se- 
lecting Varieties  of  Fruit.    Fruit  Notes. 

—Fruit  Notes  (continued). 

—Our  Flower  Garden. 

-Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 

—Scrubs,  bv  E.  E.  Rexford.  Holsteins  and  Ayr- 
shires.    Hog  Killing.    Stock  Notes. 

—Fatten  the  Fowls  for  Market.  Water-proof 
Runs  for  Chicks. 

—Great  Gift  Day.  Home  Made.  Ventilation  in 
Winter. 


Page  11.— Odds  and  Ends. 
Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 
Page  1.?.- Clippings. 
Page  14.— Correspondence. 
Page  1.5.— Inducements  to  Renew, 
Page  16.— A  Collection. 


GdITOI^IAL    (sOMMENm. 


These  papers  are  eNp(>riall>  reroiiiiiiended  to 
ftui-  reacfers,  and  nciiI  each  one  >4*ni'.  ^vilb  Farm 
and  (iardeii.  for  the  tblli»\«'iii|{  itrires:— 
Rural  New  Yorker  and  Seed  DIttrlbutlon,  S'i.'H 

Americna  Asrieultnrist  nn<l  encyclopedia,       .    l.H^ 
Farmer's  Review.    ,  .  .  .  ,    l.H^ 

Home  and  Farm.       .....      .73 

Oirinq  to  thr  unsuitahUnegs  the  huifiling  noir 
occt&pied  bi/  us  we  intend  removing  Deeember  I5th 
to  a  larger  office,  at  »Vo.  723  Filbert  Street.  1(V 
were  already  crowded  in  our  old  f/narterjt  bi/  our 
increasing  business.  Our  new  ojfiee  will  he  on 
second  floor,  within  two  sguareg  of  Philadelphia 
Post-office,  and  we  hope  all  our  friends  will 
visit  us. 

OUR    JANIARY   NllMBKR    AM>  ANM  AL, 
PRE.>Iir.M  LIST,   3,10.000   t'OPIE.S. 

In  order  to  increase  the  subscription  list  of  the 
Ji'AR.V  .■lyD  Garden  it  has  been  the  custom  of 
the  publishers  to  send  out  in  iJeeembrr  each  i/ear 
a  sprei^tl  nuuiher  containing  premium  ojf'ers  to 
those  who  will  get  up  clubs.  The  premium  list 
now  in  preparation  has  occupied  the  labor  and 
thought  of  the  editor  of  thisipaper,  the  artists, 
contributors,  and  the  compositors  who  set  it,  for 
some  months,  and  it  is  our  hope  that  it  will  excel 
ant/thing  of  like  nature  ever  published.  Among 
the  vahi'ible  and  interesting  articles  to  be  offered, 
are: — Complete  collections  of  Vegetable  Seeds, 
Niagara  Grapes,  Seed  Corn,  Pansy  Seed.  Roses, 
Marlboro  Raspberry,  Seed  Potatoes,  Meeeh's  yew 
Prolific  Quince,  and  other  iririeties  of  value  anil 
intereiit.  This  number  icill  be  mailed  you  on  or 
before  December  UUh.  It  will  pay  you  to  wait 
and  send  a  club  with  your  renewal. 


Show  him  the  latest  numbers  of  The  Farm 
AND  Garden.  It  miiy  help  him,  and  will  be  a 
kindness  to  us,  whicii  we  always  apj^reciate. 

Talk  with  your  children  about  their  studies, 
and  look  over  their  lessons  with  them  as  often  as 
practicable.  They  will  take  greaer  interest  in 
them  and  learn  them  faster. 


Christmas  is  drawing  near,  the  time  when  we 
hear  again  the  happy  tidings  of  the  reileinjition, 
and  of  "peace  and"  good  will  to  man."  May 
every  farmer  be  freed  from  whatever  bondage  is 
pressing  upon  hiia ;  be  it  the  bondage  of  preju- 
dice, or  of  old  foggyism,  of  mortgages,  or  ot  the 
nni-elenting  grip  of  note-shavers,  swindlers,  and 
demagogues.  Often  he  can  throw  off  tlie  chains 
of  his  own  might,  by  dint  of  hard  work  and  great 
efforts ;  oftener  he  needs  the  assistance  and  good 
will  of  his  tellowmen.  Let  us  do  to  others  what 
we  would  wish  to  have  them  do  hyiis.  This, 
then,  is  our  Christmas  greeting  to  our  readers: — 
"  Deliverance  from  bondage  !  Peace  and  good 
will  to  men  1  "       

It  is  hardly  in  season  to  talk  about  orchard 
culture.  There  is  but  one  tree  which  appears  to 
the  fullest  advantage  in  the  month  of  December, 
the  Christmas  tree.  Outside  of  its  load  of  sweet 
and  glittering'  flitter,  it  liears  tlie  most  wonderful 
and  valuable  fruit,  the  happinessof  your  children, 
and  cultivates  the  tenderest  emotions  in  their 
young  liearts,  love  and  gratitude.  Plant  a  Christ- 
mas tree  on  your  table  on  the  25tb.  It  is  wortli 
all  the  trouble  and  ctpense. 

Important  Questions.  Are  your  cattle  and 
horses  in  the  proper  condition  to  face  the  rigors 
of  winter? 

Are  yotir  stables  and  sheds  comfortable  and 
warm? 

Does  your  hen  house  keep  out  chilling  wind  ? 

Do  you  feed  a  warm  meal  to  your  poultry  once 
a  day  ? 

Do  you  provide  them  with  good  drinking 
water  ? 

Is  your  corn  and  grain  well  secured  ?  Your 
stacks  protected  ? 

Is  your  cellar  frost  proof  ?  Are  your  potatoes 
stored  in  the  dark  ? 

We  hope  that  you  can  answer  a  cheerful  "yes" 
to  all  these  questions. 


December.  The  year's  end  is  near.  All  nature 
rests.  This  gives  us  tlie  needed  opportunity  to 
relax  nur  effcu-ts,  physically ;  yet,  to  increjse 
them  mentally.  Let  the  wearied  limbs  cease 
their  excessive  activity.  The  farmer's  work  dur- 
ing the  winter  should  be  |>riiicipally  brain  work. 
Though  the  sn.iw-tlakes  mav  fall  thick  and 
iast,  enveloping  the  landscape  in  one  vttst  eluud. 
we  know  that  a  kind  Providence  intended  them 
as  a  protection  for  the  temler  wheat  and  rye 
plant?,  and  as  a  fertilizer  for  our  fields;  though 
the  'quicksilver  in  the  thermoineier  may  sink 
down  to  zero,  we  cannot  forget  tlnit  we  need  ice 
to  cool  the  fiery  breath  of  the  summer  to  come; 
though  a  cidd  north-wester  may  sweep  through 
the  leafless  tree  tops,  we  can  feel  comftn-table  sind 
secure  in  our  cozy  homes,  where  a  bright  fire  in 
the  stove  and  the  happy  faces  of  wife  and  ehil- 
(iren  greet  us  at  the  very  Ilireshold  and  spread 
warmth  and  sunshine. 

The  days  are  short;  feeding  and  cariiiL'  for  the 
stock  in  the  stables  is  the  most  iinport;iiif  work, 
and  a  duty,  which  the  good  farmer  discharges 
with  the  regularity  so  essential  to  the  best  results. 
These  "  chores,"  on  most  farms,  will  occupy  the 
farmer's  attention  during  the  best  ]iart  of  the  day 
and  leave  only  time  for  ehoppin^'  ami  sawiui; 
wood  just  enougii  to  keeji  your  muscles  in  jirac- 
tice  and  to  sharpen  your  appetite. 

Many  an  hour  of  these  long  evenings  will  be 
spent  in  harmless  gossip.  Beware  of  the  vene- 
mous  kind. 

Give  the  back  numbers  of  your  aericultural 
periodical  a  tln)rough  over  hauling  and  review- 
ing, not  to  forget  Farm  and  Garden. 

Spend  an  hour  or  two  occasionally  with  your 
neighbor,  and  talk  over  the  problems  of  agricul- 
ture and  the  |)rospect.s  for  the  future.  Two  heads 
know  more  than  one. 


On  many  farms  in  the  extreme  North,  it  tjikes 
nearly  everything  produced  durint;  the  summer, 
to  keeji  the  family  and  the  stock  through  the 
winter.  Now,  at  the  time  of  consuinption,  it  is 
advisable  to  stutiy  how  we  can  economize,  that  is, 
how  we  can  avoid  all  wa.ste  and  make  the  most 
judicious  use  of  all  our  stores. 

The  ))rfcvailing  habit  of  feeding  stock  much 
more  than  they  can  eat  at  one  time,  is  a  frequent 
source  of  waste.  The  animal  is  tempted  to  eat 
more  than  it  can  digest.  Feed  and  strength  is 
lost  at  tlie  same  time.  A  horse  should  not  have 
more  than  he  will  eat  up  clean,  and  not  be  fed 
oftener  than  three  times  a  day.  Avoid  excess  as 
well  as  irregularity  in  feeding.  Knough  is  a 
fea-st.  That  sentence  tells  you  tlie  secret,  how  to 
obtain  the  best  result*,  as  far  as  liesh  and  general 
health  of  your  stock  is  concerned,  with  the  least 
amount  of  feed.      

Half  an  hour  spent  in  drawing  (he  file  across 
vour  saw  teeth,  often  saves  a  half  day  drawing 
"the  saw  through  a  big  log. 


And  the  grindstone  must  help  you  chop  wood. 
Sharp  axes,  sharp  saws,  and  sharp  appetite, 
should  be  the  order  of  the  day. 


Seeds,  and  nursery  men  are  now  at  work  about 
their  spring  catalogues.  We,  the  farmers,  who 
are  their  customers,  ask  and  expect  from  them, 
now  ;ind  forever,  fair  and  truthful  statements  in 
rcijard  to  the  goods  they  want  iis  to  buy  from 
them.  Iteform  in  this  novelty  business  is  needed, 
ami  we  will  have  it. 


The  Granger's  pic-nic,  in  William's  Grove, 
Pennsylvania,  certainly  was  a  great  success.  Yet, 
perhaiis  even  the  Grangers,  an  organization 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  self-defense  against 
nnmopolies,  etc.,  allow  themselves  to  be  used  as 
tools  bv  their  leaders. 


"  I  want  every  farmer  to  have  his  fowl  in  th& 
kettle  each  Sunday,"  was  the  favorite  expression 
of  the  Monarch  ot  France  who  was  called  "  le  bon. 
7-oi,  (the  good  king). 

There  is  nothing  to  hinder  a  realization  of  such 
a  wish  in  this  blessed  country.  Chickens  are  a 
great  delicacy,  and  yet,  every  farmer  is  able  to 
enjoy  it.  Make  it  a  rule  to  raise  plenty  of  poul- 
try and  to  have  a  chicken  or  duck  or  turkey  for 
your  Sunday  dinner. 

In  buying  nursery  stock,  farmers  cannot  be  too 
careful.  In  1882  we  planted  fifty  Delaware 
grapes,  on  good  land,  and  gave  them  the  very 
best  of  care  and  cultivation  ever  since.  The 
plants,  however,  when  planted,  were  only  second 
or  third  class,  and  in  spite  of  all  favorable  condi- 
tions otherwise,  they  have  made  but  a  weak 
growth,  and  will  continue  to  be  inferior  and 
undersized  for  their  age  for  all  time  to  come. 
Stock  once  stunted,  does  not  seem  to  recuperate 
very  easily.  It  also  shows,  that  vigorous  one- 
year  old  vines  are  better  than  two  year  olds, 
which  are  generally  grown  from  the  second  and 
third  grades  of  the  previous  year. 

The  individual  vigor  is  destroyed  and  irrepara- 
bly lost.  " 

We  shall  welcome  all  our  old  subscribers,  and 
as  many  new. ones  as  possible  for  the  new  year. 
The  small  price  at  which  we  issue  this  journal 
brings  it  within  the  reach  of  every  one.  If  in 
getting  up  a  club  vou  do  not  have  names  enough, 
take  a  copy  for  some  one  else :  it  would  make  a 
good  Christmas  present,  whose  coming,  twelve 
times  a  vear,  would  be  a  reminder  for  the  whole 
vear,  of  your  friendshii)  for  them.  We  believe 
vou  could  make  no  present  more  appropriate 
than  a  subscription  to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


The  price  of  farm  products,  such  as  wool  and 
grain,  is  very  low,  and  there  is  a  general  stagna- 
tion ill  business,  and  an  unsettled  state  of  the 
markets.  The  foreign  production  of  wheat  ha» 
been  verv  large  as  well  as  the  home  production. 
Should  the  prospects  of  winter  wheat  continue  as 
good  as  thev  are,  there  can  be  but  little  change 
in  prices  for  the  better.  Good  crops,  as  a  rule, 
have  been  grown  all  over  the  grain  producing 
parts  of  the  woi-ld.  The  year  of  1885  has  been 
one  of  a  bounteous  harvest",  and  with  the  present 
price  of  grain,  stock  feeding  offers  a  good  home 
market  for  grain. 


Poor  labor  maybe  cheap,  but  it  is  not  ))rofit- 
able.  We  have  seen  the  rii'ects  of  careless  stack- 
in;.'  of  wheat  durins  the  last  harvest.  .K  crop  of 
17(10  bushels  of  wheat  was  greatly  damaged  by 
the  rains  leaking  through  the  stacks.  The  u'rain 
had  to  be  spreail  in  tliin  layers  on  boai'd  floors, 
repeatedly  shoveled  over  and  run  thrinigh  the 
farming  liiill.  Afler  nil  tliis  trouble  it  was  difti- 
ciilt  tr)  find  a  market  for  it  at  several  cents  per 
bushel  below  market  price.  The  stacking  was 
i  the  work  of  a  Virginia  negro. 


We  know  a  pe.ach  archard  in  th"  city  of  Rich- 
mond, which  bears  heavy  crojis  every  year.  But 
we  are  uncertain  whether  the  fact  that  it  descends 
towai'ds  north-west,  its  elevation,  or  good  culti- 
vation, is  the  real  cause  of  its  productiveness. 


The  wool  market  shows  that  the  jirice  of  wool 
is  not  likelv  to  again  reach  the  former  high 
prices,  "The  population  of  the  world  has  not 
increased  as  fast  as  sheep  husbandry,  or  in  other 
words,  the  consumption  has  not  kept  pace  with 
production.  Before  Australia,  Texas,  Colorado, 
California,  and  the  plains  began  to  be  wool  pro- 
ducers, thesujjply  of  wool  was  grown  on  dearer 
land  and  on  small  flocks,  as  a  branch  of  farm 
husbandrv,  not  as  a  business.  Now  the  business 
of  wool  growing  has  assumed  vast  pro)iortions, 
and  has  become  a  regular  busiuess,  and  flocks 
that  usually  were  counted  as  hundreds,  are  now 
numbered  bv  thousands.  The  wool  grower  will 
be  compelled  to  look  for  larger  breeds  of  sheep, 
and  breed  more  for  mutton  than  for  wool,  and 
the  price  of  mutton  will  pay  for  the  loss  of  price 
in  wool,  

When  partaking  of  your  Christmas  dinner, 
whicli  no  one  deserves  better  than  the  farmer, 
and  while  your  tables  are  loaded  with  jdenty, 
and  prosperity  htis  crowned  your  labors,  we  hope 
a  feeling  may"  go  out  for  the  less  t.irtunate  around 
yon.  That  some  new,  good  act  of  youi-s  may 
inake  hapjiv  some  other  less  fortunate  home.  A 
load  of  wotitl  now  Iving  ])erhaps  useless  to  you, 
if  delivered  at  tlie  tloor  of  some  deserving  pijor 
family,  will  make  you,  as  it  always  has,  happier 
for  the  good  and  deserving  deed. 

We  feel  that  we  have  done  nur  duty  by  t^ur 
subscribers,  and  that  we  have  given  you  the  full 
value  ot  the  price  jiaid  f.u-  The  F.\hm  AND  Gar- 
DH.'i.  Have  we  not?  It  will  not  lie  more  than 
fair,  that  vou  .should  exert  your  influenae  and 
work  a  little  in  our  behalf  "We  are  entitled  to 
your  favor,  vet,  we  ask  nothing  without  compen- 
satioii.  See  our  liberal  special  offers  every 
month.  Wa  have  trieil  to  please  and  assist  you. 
Do  the  same  by  us.  We  deserve  a  much  larger 
snbseri)>tion  list. 

Xow  roll  up  a  rousing  majority  for  The  Fann 
and  Garden. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


13 


Clippings. 


It  is  our  desire  to  make  these  so  full  and  varied  that  every 
reader  of  The  Fabm  and  Garden,  tven  though  tie  takes 
no  other  puj^er  can  feel  in  a  measure  acijuaiiUed  with  all 
the  lead ini; publications. 


From  "  Foultry  Keeper,"  Chicago,  Rl. 

IS  IT  MEAT  OR  FEATHERS? 
What  good  are  feathers  or  a  scale  of  points  to  a  happy 
family  gathered  around  a  dinner  table  ?  This  is  a  direct 
question  to  those  who  carry  their  "gospel"  in  their  hip 
pockets.  We  will  picture  a  large  family  enjoying  a  huge 
poultry  dinner.  It  is  Sunday,  and  the  meal  is  well  under 
way.  The  fowls  were  brought  in  from  our  coops ;  when 
-alive  they  were  excellent  in  build,  healthy,  and  strong; 
they  were  two-thirds  Brahma  and  one-third  Leghorn. 
The  smoking  fowls  soon  parted  company,  and  the  ex- 
pressions of  satisfaction,  the  crumbling  of  the  tender 
bones,  and  the  smile  of  contentment  crossing  the  face  of 
the  happ^'  cook,  added  with  the  merry  cackle  of  outside 
fowls  who  would  soon  follow  in  the  smoke,  all  casta 
<rharm  over  the  scene,  so  that  we  could  not  help  ex- 
claiming, "Who  would  not  be  a  poulterer  of  the  legiti- 
■mate  school?  We  now  turn  our  thoughts  to  the  man 
raising  fowls  in  wire  cages  and  spending  the  Holy  day  in 
"scaling-up"  his  pets  and  feeding  his  family  off  of  stew 
beef  or  poultry  purchased  from  neighbors.  He  is  a  great 
fencier,  but  there  is  do  pleasure  or  profit  in  the  method 
he  rears  liis  fowls.  The  legitimate  breeder  is  one  whose 
effect  is  flesh  and  egs. 


Prom  "Iowa  Homestead"  Des  MoiJies,  Iowa. 

THE  THRESHERS  AND  THE  FOWX. 

In  going  from  house  to  house  the  thresher  expects  to 
meet  with  some  pretty  old  ,'poultry,  as  they  are  the 
easiest  caught;  but  at  one  place  over  in  Hoop  Pole 
Township  a  trio  of  threshers  encountered  a  rooster  that 
was  particularly  venerable,  in  fact,  a  regular  patriarch. 
For  three  successive  mornings  they  hurled  their  forces 
against  him,  but  were  obliged  to  withdraw  at  last  with- 
out getting  beyond  the  "picket  lines."  As  they  retired 
the  lady  heard  the  fellow  that  drives  the  horse-power 
and  wipes  the  lard  paddles  on  his  boots,  say:  "I  tell 
yer  what,  boys.  I've  struck  it. 

The  lady  said  she  noticed  from  an  adjoining  room  that 
the  next  morning  they  ate  their  breakfast,  one  at  a  time, 
and  as  there  was  no  one  else  at  the  table,  the  following 
conversation  seemed  strange  to  her  at  the  time. 

1st.  Thresher.  (Directing  his  eyes  to  ilie  rooster.) 
•'  Good  morning,  sir;  seems  to  me  I've  me  >er  before. 
(Silence.)  How's  times;  kinder  tough  ?  (No  response.) 
Wall,  Im'st  be  goin'.    Take  care  o'yerself." 

2d.  Thresher.  "  Wall,  my  friend  (addressing  the  fowl), 
how  goes  it?  How  do  you  stand  the  "wear  and  tear"? 
(Sl^ill  no  response.)  You  look  stout  for  one  of  your 
years.  (Silence  accompanied  by  agitation  in  adjoining 
room.)    Wall,  good  day,  I'll  see  yer  later." 

But  they  never  met  again,  the  threshers  say,  for  some 
cause. 


D^om  "  Lii^  Stock- Monthly,"  Portland.  Me. 
BREED  SYSTEMATICALLY. 
The  only  way  to  real  and  lasting  bem'tits  from  improv- 
ing one's  flock  or  herd  is  to  stick  to  the  work  of  breeding 
up.  without  cessation  or  intermission.  Spasmodic  and 
irregular  efforts  in  this  line  are  in  the  main  futile. 
What  is  gained  in  one  year  by  the  introduction  of  a 
well-bred  breeder  or  two  is  often  lost  in  the  next  by 
heading  the  farm  stock  with  the  grade  progeny  of  full- 
blooded  sires.  The  trouble  is  that  a  great  many  farnieis 
stop  too  soon.  They  api>arenlly  forget  that  good  blood 
can  be  bred  out  as  easily  as  it  can  be  bred  in,  and  that  it 
can  only  be  held  by  the  process  by  which  it  is  first  intro- 
duced. The  services  of  a  thoroughbred  bull  are  obtained 
this  year,  and  his  place  is  taken  after  a  while  by  his 
lialf-blood  progeny,  a  mistake  which  is  made  in  every 
stock-raising  neighborhood  in  the  land.  The  genuine 
process  of  improvement  on  the  breeding  up  plan 
requires  the  use  of  a  thoroughbred  sire  on  grade  dams, 
the  grade  of  the  latter  thus  improving  with  each  genera- 
tion. The  use  of  grade  sires,  however,  should  never  be 
tolerated,  as  it  essentially  reduces  the  percentage  of  good 
blood  already  secured.  II  is  a  waste  of  money  to  begin 
to  improve,  and  then  slop  just  where  It  is  most  impor- 
tant that  the  course  of  improvement  should  be  steadily 
held.  One  had  better  not  begin  at  all  than  begin  without 
the  fixed  intention  of  carrying  the  enterprise  through 
to  a  successful  outcome.  A  temporary  saving  of  a  few 
dollars  just  when  the  fruits  of  good  breeding  are  beginn- 
ing to  crop  out  is  frequently  the  most  expensive  economy 
in  wkich  the  farmer  can  indultre.  The  thoughtful  stock- 
raiser  should  ponder  over  these  tilings,  and  allow  noth- 
ing lo  stand  in  the  way  of  carrying  out  a  well-chosen 
plan  of  improvement. 


Pi-om^^ Breeders  Oazefte,"  Chicago,  III. 

PROM  SHEEP  TO  CATTLE. 
An  observant  gentleman,  recently  returned  from  a 
somewhat  extenried  stay  in  Texas,  mentions  the  fact 
that  the  rather  discouraging  conditions  surrounding 
sheep  husbandry  for  the  pa'^t  few  years  have  operated  to 
check  the  rapid  increase  in  the  number  of  sheep  which 
has  for  some  lime  jiast  cliaracterized  the  history  of  the 


wool-growing  industry  in  that  State.  This  may  possibly 
prove  good  policy,  but  the  Oazeiie  does  not  so  consider  it. 
For  the  time  there  may  be  found  in  Texas  and  surround- 
ing territories  conditions  which  lend  a  more  encouraging 
outlook  to  cattle-raising  than  is  just  now  to  be  seen 
from  the  shepherd's  standpoint.  Cattle  prices  are  ex- 
ceptionally high  and  sheep  prices  are  exceptionally  low. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  which  is  the  more  profitable 
now;  but  conditions  of  the  market  for  flock  and  herd 
products  are  liable  to  change  before  the  majority  of 
sheep-owners  can  change  their  business  from  wool  grow- 
ing to  beef  production.  In  fact,  a  change  of  any  consid- 
erable proportion  of  sheep-owners  to  cattle-raisers— 
which  means  diminishing  the  number  of  sheep  and  in- 
creasing the  yearly  output  of  beef  cattle— will  not  only 
hasten  but  insure  in  the  market  for  the  latter  just  the 
same  discouraging  conditions  that  now  render  sheep 
husbandry  less  profitable  than  formerly.  Flock  pro- 
ducts are  now  low  because  of  full  markets  and  limited 
inquiry.  Any  marked  increase  in  Uie  annual  production 
of  beef  will,  in  time,  bring  down  the  price  of  that  arti- 
cle. The  flock-owner  who  now  attempts  to  change  his 
business  is  quite  likely  to  find  his  advent  as  a  seller  in 
the  beef  market  co-incident  with  a  range  of  prices  much 
less  alluring  than  those  now  obtainable,  while  the  wool- 
buyer,  whose  eye  has  allowed  none  of  the  "  pointers  "  to 
a  future  market  to  escape  his  notice,  will  be  ready  to 
advance  his  offering  as  the  "visible  supply"  of  wool 
shows  evidences  of  lessening  proportions.  Thus,  too 
late  to  avoid  disaster,  the  discontented  flock-owner  will 
realize  that  while  escaping  from  the  frying-pan  of  low 
prices  in  one  line  of  stock  husbandry  he  has  landed  in 
the  fire  of  equally  discouraging  results  following  his 
efforts  in  his  newly-chosen  calling. 


Fiom  "Amei-ican  Agriculturist,"  New  York. 

WALKS  AND  TALKS  ON  THE  FARM. 

An  English  gentlejiian  who  came  over  in  the  "Oregon" 
in  less  than  six  and  a  half  days,  was  looking  at  my 
Northern  Spy  apples.  "If  you  would  put  them  in  small 
pails.'"  he  said,  "and  send  them  to  Liverpool,  I  could 
sell  them  for  you  at  a  good  price.  People  do  not  want 
to  buy  a  whole  barrel  at  a  time.  But  they  would  gladly 
buy  a  pailful.  Your  barrels  are  worth  little  or  nothing 
after  the  fruit  is  out,  but  the  pails  would  be  worth  with 
us  more  than  they  cost  you  here.  I  saw  a  patl  to-day 
used  forshipping  tobacco  that  is  just  the  thing." 

"lam  afraid  it  would  not  work,"  said  the  Deacon. 
'*  The  apples  would  have  to  be  pressed,  just  as  we  now 
press  them  in  barrels,  and  in  such  small  packages  the 
proportion  of  apples  injured  in  pressing  would  be  much 
greater  than  in  barrels  of  the  present  size.  And  besides 
they  tell  us  that  our  Western  New  York  apples  will  not 
sell  In  England  because  we  use  barrels  that  do  not  hold 
quite  as  many  quarts  as  flour  barrels." 

'They  must  be  great  dufTers,"  said  the  Englishman. 
"Our  apple  crop  is  a  failure  this  year,  and  your  apples 
will  be  wanted.  We  have  had  the  grandest  crop  of 
strawberries  this  year  I  ever  knew,  and  they  sold  as  low 
as  a  penny  a  quart.  We  have  not  learned  how  to  get 
them  to  market  in  as  convenient  packages  as  you  use. 
Your  agricultural  papers  have  done  great  things  for 
American  farmers  and  fruit  growers  in  many  ways,  not 
least  in  recommending  more  attention  to  the  methods 
of  marketing.'* 

"That  is  true,"  said  I,  "and  while  at  first  thought  I 
was  inclined  to  agree  with  the  Deacon,  that  we  could  not 
use  small  paUs  for  shipping  apples.  I  am  not  sure  that 
the  plan  will  not  work.  We  could  avoid  the  crushing 
the  Deacon  speaks  of  by  using  a  false-head  for  pressing 
down  the  apples.  This  false-head  could  be  covered  on 
the  inside  with  some  soft,  elastic  material  that  would 
not  bruise  the  apples  in  pressing.  We  could  fill  the 
pail,  as  now  we  fill  the  barrel.  Put  on  this  false-head 
with  the  soft  lining,  press  the  apples  down  firmly,  and 
then  take  off  the  pressure,  remove  the  false-head,  and 
put  on  the  regular  wooden  head  and  nail  it  down  or  use 
a  hinge  strap  to  hold  it  in  place." 

"But,"  said  the  deacon. "  could  they  be  sent  on  the 
cars  and  steamers?"  "Why  not?"  said  the  English- 
man, "  you  send  your  lard  over  in  pails,  and  I  do  not 
see  why  you  cannot  send  apples.  And,  as  I  said  before, 
people  would  by  them  because  they  are  easily  handled, 
and  because  the  pails  would  be  useful  after  the  fruit 
was  removed." 


Frcmi  "Farm  Journal,"  Philadelphia. 

FAMILIAR  TALKS. 
Hay,  in  this  section  of  the  country  is  very  high,  and  it 
has  bothered  me  what  to  winter.  We  have  to  look 
ahead  and  go  slow  sometimes.  I  believe  in  manure 
more  than  I  do  in  the  new  notion  about  "phosphates." 
"  Phosphates"  are  the  god-fathers  to  laziness,  and  the 
death-knell  to  good  farming.  They  will  do  verj-  well  as 
an  expedient,  but  that  is  not  the  way  to  maintain  a  good 
farm  any  more  than  good  religion.  There  must  be  a 
substantial  foundation  to  both.  My  foundation  for  grass 
and  grain  is  what  some  old-fashioned  farmers  used  to 
call  "barn-yard  manure."  This  is  according  to  the 
working  of  nature,  to  put  back  to  the  earth  that  which 
is  taken  from  it.  I  can  see  from  my  door  a  mountain 
sifte  that  was  once  covered  with  huge  pine  trees  and 
other  forest,  but  which  is  now  almost  barren.  It  was 
first  robbed  of  the  trees,  and  then  by  cropping,  of  all 
vegetable  substance,  until  it  has  become  impoverished. 


The  soil  was  sandy  and  it  could  not  stand  the  drain  as 
long  as  stronger  land. 

I  like  sheep,  and  so  I  have  started  another  fiock  along 
with  my  Delaine  Merinos.  I  have  bought  the  best  lot  o« 
mutton  lambs  I  could  get,  at  a  cost  of  H50  each,  and 
when  they  are  coming  two  years  old  I  shall  cross  them 
on  a  pure-bred  O.xlordshire  ram  and  breed  me  a  flock  of 
mutton  sheep.  This  is  a  high  price  for  lambs,  with  hay 
nearly  $20  a  ton  :  but  my  balance  comes  out  of  a  paying 
flock  of  sheep  in  two  years  and  more  manure.  I  could 
have  bought  old  sheep  for  less  than  half  the  money,  but 
in  the  long  run  the  lambs  are  best.  I  had  to  competo 
with  the  butcher,  who  would  have  paid  the  same  price. 

I  have  had  a  kind  of  revelation.  It  did  not  come  to  me 
in  my  dreams,  or  in  the  night,  but  while  I  was  walking 
over  the  field  where  I  wanted  to  sow  something  which 
would  pay  the  best.  My  wife  is  a  little  tasty  about  som» 
things.  She  does  not  like  the  flour  the  country  mills 
grind,  so  we  do  not  raise  wheat  to  eat.  I  had  six  acres 
to  seed  down,  and  winter  grain  is  the  thing  to  do  it  with- 
First  I  thought  of  rye.  Now  comes  my  revelation:  "Sow 
Clawson  wheat  and  feed  it  to  the  animals  on  the  farm." 
It  will  yield  more  than  rye,  the  straw  is  better  for  fod- 
der, and  the  grain  more  nutritious.  Now  what  grand 
food  it  will  make  for  the  hogs,  the  cows,  and  the  horses. 
A  little  will  go  a  great  ways.  Instead  of  worrying  as  a 
people  about  who  will  buy  our  surplus  wheat,  let  Amer- 
ican farmers  make  it  into  beef,  mutton,  and  pork,  and 
supply  the  world  with  their  meat.  Wheat  is  the  most 
complete  single  food  of  any  grain.  What  an  advantage 
it  will  be  to  feed  it  on  the  farm  If  this  is  done  only  In 
part,  we  can  keep  on  raising  wheat  always,  so  lar  as  the 
soil  is  concerned.    Feed  wheat.  John  Tuckeh. 


From  "  Qmntry  Gentleman,"  Albany,  X.  Y. 

ABSURD  POULTRY  STATISTICS. 
For  many  months  past  some  figures,  which  any 
reasonable  man  must  know  at  a  glance  to  be  perfectly 
absurd,  have  been  in  circulation  in  the  papers,  as  regards 
the  enormous  value  of  the  poultry  products  of  this 
counirj'.  Several  times  as  they  have  attracted  our 
notice  it  has  occurred  to  us  as  only  matter  of  duty  to 
prick  the  bubble,  but  other  subjects  of  more  importance 
have  intervened,  and  this  has  been  dropped.  Who  was 
the  discoverer  of  the  statistics  referred  to,  or  from  what 
origin  they  were  derived— unless  from  some  publicatioQ 
of  ithe  United  Slates  Department  of  Agriculture— we 
cannot  tell.  In  the  latest  publication  of  them  they  are 
credited  to  the  PmiUry  Bulletin,  and  read  as  follows  : 

"  According  to  the  statistics  of  1882  the  value  of  poultry 
produced  in  the  United  States  exceeds  the  value  of  either 
hay,  wheat,  cotton,  or  dairy  products,  as  the  foUowing 
flgures  will  show : 

■^■iieat, f488.000.000 

Hay 436.000.000 

Cotton 410.000.000 

I>ftiO' 2.>4,00(t.ttOO 

Poultry  Products,  ....  560  oiHi.oOO " 
The  only  light  really  accessible  on  the  subject  must 
be  from  the  United  States  Census  of  1380,  and  in  the 
official  summary  of  the  statistics  of  agriculture  in  that 
work,  part  3,  page  21.  we  find  the  following,  which  is 
simply  a  condensation  of  detailed  tables  published 
later  on  : 

"  Probably  few  persons  appreciate  the  importance  of 
the  contribution  to  the  annual  production  of  wealth  by 
the  common  barn-yard  fowl.  The  statistics  of  poultry 
and  eggs  were  gathered,  for  the  first  time,  by  the  census 
of  1S80.  This  is  a  subject  to  which  the  limitations  of 
popular  statistical  enumeration,  already  noted  in  these 
remarks,  apply  with  special  strictness;  yet  there  is  no 
reason  to  doubt  that  the  figures  approach  the  facts  oS 
the  case  for  the  country  as  a  whole,  and  exhibit  with 
great  accuracy  the  relative  importance  of  ^this  interest 
in  the  several  sections  and  etates." 

"The  number  of  barn-yard  fowl  reported  In  the  cen- 
sus, exclusive  of  spring  hatching,  was  !02,272,135;  of 
other  fowl,  23.235,187;  the  number  of  dozens  of  eggs, 
456,910,916.  At  twelve  cents  a  dozen,  certainly  a  moder- 
ate estimate,  the  annual  value  of  the  egg  product  to  the 
farmer  would  reach  nearly  g.5.5,000,000;  while  we  may 
suppose  150.000,000  to  180,000,000  pounds  of  meat  sold 
annually  out  of  the  stock  of  fowls  reported." 

Here  we  have  the  estimated  value  of  the  egg  product 
in  dollars,  and  if  we  '*  suppose  "  the  meat  product  to  be 
180,0(»,000  pounds  at  fifteen  cents  a  pound,  which  is 
probably  a  liberal  estimate,  we  shall  have  the  following 
total : 

Value  of  Egg  Product,    .       .       .       ^5.000.000 
"         Meat       "  ...        27,000.000 

Total, $82,000,000 

Showing  an  amount  about  one-seventh  of  that  stated  In 
the  table  quoted.  In  fact  the  aggregate  value  of  the 
entire  stock  of  barnyard  fowls  in  the  countr>'.  as  it  stood 
in  the  spring  of  1879,  if  we  call  it  fifty  cents  a  head, 
would  be  only  about  $50,000,000,  to  which  may  be  added 
whatever  the  reader  pleases  for  the  "  other  fowl." 

In  the  census  of  IS80  the  return  of  money  values  of 
farms  and  farm  products  as  enumerated  in  previous 
censuses,  were  omitted.  But,  on  turning  to  the  census 
of  1870,  we  find  that  in  that  year  the  entire  value  of 
"animals  slaughtered  or  sold  for  slauehier."  including 
live  stock  of  all  kinds,  was  $398, 956 ..376.  or  much  below 
what  some  enthusiast  wishes  us  to  believe  ia  the  preseuC 
annual  product  of  our  poultry  only. 


14 


THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


(iOI^l^ESPONDENGB. 


R.,  of  New  York  City,  asks  how  to  grow 
English  walnuts  from  seed.  Answer — Gather 
the  walnuts  and  bury  them  in  sauil  in  the  cellar 
or  out  of  doors  where  not  too  wet,  and  in  spring 
plant  early  about  2  inches  deep  in  a  clay  soil, 
deeper  in  a  sandy  soil,  and  they  will  vegetate 
freely.  If  the  walnuts  are  kept  too  wet  the  seed 
will  rot,  and  if  kept  too  dry  will  fail  to  vegetate. 
When  kept  dry  it  sometimes  takes  two  years  to 
vegetate.  English  walnuts  are  also  often  budded 
on  common  walnuts. 

+ 
S.  W.  Williams,  of  Atchison  County,  asks : 
1. — Can  sugar-making  be  made  at  a  profit  from 
Amber  and  Orange  cane  in  Kansas?  2.-Will 
fruit  growing  be  likely  to  be  profitable?  An- 
swer: l.-We  believe  sugar  can  be  made  at  a 
Srofit  in  Kansas.  On  the  dry  soil  of  Itio  Grande, 
'.  J.,  the  culture  is  profitable.  The  cane  is 
richer  and  the  sugar  better  when  grown  on  a 
light  soil,  and  in  a  dry  season  rather  than  a  wet 
one.  2.-Yes;  Kansas  must  become  a  great  fruit 
State.  The  apples  an-  finely  colored,  and  the 
cost  of  freights  to  I'liiladelpliia  and  New  York 
are  as  low  as  from  near  points  in  New  York  or 
even  New  .Tersey.  The  cheap  freight  rates  on 
fruit  in  car-load  lots  make  Kansas  as  near  in 
point  of  cost  of  transportation  as  some  points 
within  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  of  our 
large  Eastern  cities.  Your  success  in  fruit  grow- 
ing will  consist  in  cheap  transportation. 

Subscriber,  Tenn.  l.-\Vhat  is  a  safe  cure  for 
colic  in  horses?  2. -Cure  for  worms  in  horses  ? 
3.-What  to  do  for  a  swelled  hock  joint,  caused 
by  accident.  4. -Can  peanuts  be  grown  as  far 
north  as  40°  north  latitude?  5. -How  to  tell 
when  citrons  are  ripe?  Answer:  l.-A  hafv 
cure  for  colic  is  liot  water  ajiplied  externally  by 
taking  a  thick  sack  and  welling  it  in  hot  water, 
and  putting  it  over  the  animal,  and  as  soon  as 
cool  |>our  warm  water  over  the  sack  ;  this  remedy 
is  safe  and  easy  of  ajiplieatiffn.  Exercise  the 
animal  while  applying  the  water.  2. -For 
worms  give  a  handful  or  two  of  gooil  wood  ashet 
to  each  feed  daily  for  a  week  ;  if  not  .successful 
try  aloes.  3. -Apply  liniment,  rnb  well,  and 
bandage  loosely.  4. -Yes,  if  t^oil  and  conditions 
are  favorable.     .5. -Preserving  citrons  are  fit  for 

fathering  as   soon    a-s   the    rind    changes   color, 
hey  are  ripe  when  the  seeds  are  fully  colored. 

+ 
H.  G.  McGonegal,  New  York  City,  asks:  1.- 
how  to  propagate  cucumbers  from  vine  cuttings. 
2. -Where  eggs  can  be  obtained  for  hatching  jiui-- 
poses.  Answer  l.-Cucumber  vines  will  make 
cuttings  that  will  take  root  when  set  in  a  warm, 
moderately  wet  soil.  Pieces  of  vines  are  taken 
and  cut  into  lengths  of  six  inches  or  less,  and  set 
in  pots  in  a  hot  house,  with  only  a  small  bud 
above  the  sand.  In  a  few  days,  if  the  heat  is 
regular,  the  cuttings  will  have  taken  root  and 
grown  finely.  In  garden  culture  in  the  spring, 
plants  may  be  thus  increased  in  open  air. 
2. -Eggs  as  sold  by  dealers  in  our  city  markets 
have  often  been  kept  for  a  long  time  in  pickle, 
or  in  cold  storage  for  months,  and  will  n(»t  hatch. 
Your  only  chance  to  obtain  a  sujiply  of  fresh  eggs 
for  your  incubator,  will  be  to  get,  in  some  local 
town  near  you,  an  agent  to  purchase  for  you  eggs 
especially  for  that  purpose,  and  have  them 
shipped  to  you  in  Stephen's  patent  egg  crates, 
for  if  sent  in  bulk,  if  one  should  break,  all  the 
eggs  soiled  by  the  broken  one  will  seldom  hatch 
well,  even  if  well  washed. 

D.  S.,  of  Cumberland  County,  N.  ,T.,  asks:  1. 
How  to  make  good  barnyard  manure.  2. -Will 
it  pay  to  purchase  commercial  fertilizers?  An- 
swer: 1. -In  any  good  market  for  beef  and  mut- 
ton, manure  is  best  made  by  purchasing  stock  in 
the  early  fall  and  pasturing  them,  selling  all  the 
animals  ready  for  market  as  soon  as  fatted,  if 
prices  are  favorable,  and  the  balance  fed  on  grain 
in  the  stable,  using  a  change  of  hay  and  corn 
fodder,  and  selling  when  a  ifair  price  can  be  ob- 
tained. Sheep  are  often  more  valuable  to  keep 
for  spring  lambs,  and  selling  the  ewes,  when  fat, 
after  the  lambs  are  weaned.  Raising  the  lambs 
takes  more  pasture  land,  but  when  they  are  dea:- 
it  becomes  profitable.  A  large  amount  of  excel- 
lent manure  is  made  in  stock  feeding.  2.-Com- 
mercial  manures  often  nay  in  the  start — they 
give  crops,  regardless  of  other  benefits.  Thus, 
an  application  of  300  pounds  of  some  commercial 
fertilizer  may  give  a  start  to  a  field  of  late-sowed 
wheat  that  will  insnre  a  crop,  or  it  may  give  a 
set  of  young  clover  and  make  a  good  stand  of 
grass.  In  either  case  the  value  might  be  in  the 
start  it  gave  the  crop.  We  hope  to  give  the  sub- 
ject of  commercial  fertilizers  the  attention  it  de- 
serves in  the  next  spring  numbers. 

Wait  until  you  see  our  Annual  Premium  lAH 
and  January  number. 


SEEDS 


SE?(I>  YOrU  NA.>IE  NOW 
for  our  (;AKI)EN  and  K.VKIU  ) 
,tl-\M'.4I,for  l«Sd.  Published  I 
Jan.  Ist.  CuBtoniere  nf^  last  year  I 
need  not  write  for  it.  fj^^Addreee  | 
JOHNSON  &    STOKKS, 

Sped  IJrnwpi-B,        Pblladt'lphla.  l*a. 


Free  To  All! 


This  elegant  flolid  rolled  gold  IS  K 
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I  Many  Agents  are  Making  S5  to  $10  per  Day 

I        Sellino  oub  New  Wokk  om  Farming 
I  Single  Copies  mailed  for  Si. 

I  Table  of  Contents  .ind  Tfrms  to  Agf-nl 


lowMFiRiiimr 


O.     S.nd  for 
PETER  HEtfPEBSOH  &  CO 


36  4  3T  CortUndt  Street.  N«w  Tort.  I 


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Oenenl  A^nt  for  the  NEW  WHITK  GRAPB 

NIAGARA 


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AMF.RK  V.  Prlcen  Reduced. 
lUustrati-d  Catalofcue  FREE, 

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HEW-YORKER 


\^90\<,t> 


FARMERS,  STOCKMEN,  FRUIT-GROWERS; 

Raral  people.  YOU  CANNOT  AFFORD  TO  DO  WITH- 
OUT IT.  Ask  those  who  know,  if  you  do  not.  The  RuRiL  NeW- 
YoBKZB  EX1!STS  TO  DO  GOOD.  It  is  PURE,  TRUST- 
WORTHY,  ORIGINAX,   yPARKLlNU,    ALIVE.    It 

differs  from  other  rural  juumals  in  that  it  is  oniied  and  con* 
ducted  by  practical  oud  aaccessful  farmers.     There  is- 

NO  OTHER  FARM  PAPER  TO  COMPARE  WITH  IT. 

8o  say  thouBOuds  of  the  BEST  PEOPUb)  in  America. 
THE  BEST  TfEITEES  In  the  world-OTer  600  contriboterg. 
600 ILLUSTKATIOXS  FROM  NATURE— the  BEST  ARTISTS. 
880  ACRES  OF  EXPEBDIENT  GROUNDS. 


I    HaxBV  Wabp  BucHiB  says  :  **To  hsTC  the  pap«r  one*,  Is 
lo  waat  It  always."  f 


Gkn.  Wm.  G.  LeDuc,  «.  i:  S.  Com.  of  AgricxUtur4,  iaye; 
"It  b  the  best  (hrm  paper  published.'* 


Many  of  the  BEST  (DRAINS,  S.MAI.L  FRUITS,  POTATOES,  &c.,  have  heen  SExNT  OUT 
in  the  RuRAl/fl  FREE  SEED-IJISTRIHUTION.  t^'  H'lve  yuu  hoard  of  the  "Beautt  of  Hebron,? 
"White  Ei-EFHant"  and   "Blush"  Potat^>e8?     Have  you  heard  of  the    "  CUTHEEBT"  Raspberry;   of  thO' 

"Clawson"  and  "  Dikhl-Meditebeanean"  Wheats  ?     These  aad  hundreds  of  others  have  been 
■ent  to  subscribers  FREE  of  charge.    Its  present 

ppcb    SEEP-DiSTRIBUTION! 

M       *  ■     m   ^IH   ^HH         Tb  of  flTeat«r  valoe  than  anv  of  the  Drecedinir  ones,  and  will  be  sent  fro©  to  aU 


Is  of  greater  valae  than  any  of  the  preceding  ones,  and  will  be  sent  free  to  aU 

RTHi>IORE  than  the  VeAF 

We  admit  do  deceptiTO  or  fraudulent  advertis^ementN 


■ubscribere.    Kt  alone  is  WORTH  i>I< 


,y  of  the  preceding  o 
RE  than  the  YEARLY  PRICE  OF  THE  JOURNAL. 

rtisementN.  The  R^ieal  New-Yorkeh,  worth  over 
half  a  million  doUiirs.  is  independent,  true,  and  faith- 
ful to  the  intereNtH  of  farmers.  It  ran  afford 
to  be  hone»4r.  Il  abominates  monopolies. 
It  expoMPM  all  frandM.  Over  10,000  iiuentionB 
answered  in  its  Farmers'  Club,  presenting  a  perfect 
cyclopEedia  of  farm  Inforniation  annually. 


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THE    FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


15 


INDUGBMBNIIS  TO  I^BNEW., 

The  coming  rage  in  hair  is  a  soft  and  tender 
red,  like  that  of  a  tomato  which  has  grown  old 
and  lost  usefulness. 

It  is  hardly  probable  that  there  are  any  tele- 
phones in  heaven.  And  yet  every  angel  will  be 
recognizable  by  his  lialo. 

Tlie  evil  things  that  men  do  live  after  them. 
Even  wlien  an  amatenr  cornetest  dies,  he  leaves 
the  fatal  instrument  behind. 

'*  Now  children,"  said  the  teacher,  "  what  do» 
you  call  the  meal  you  eat  in  the  morning?" 
''Oatmeal!  "  uromptly  replied  a  member  of  the 
class. 

"  Captain  !  Captain  !  cried  tne  nervous  traveler, 
"the  vessel  issinking;  I'm  sure  it  is."  "Calm 
yourself,  my  dear  sir,"  replied  the  Captain,  "  we 
have  a  large  insurance  on  the  cargo." 

A  Scotch  physician  claims  to  have  discovered  a 
way  to  make  the  hardest  voice  soft  and  sweet.  It 
is  probably  to  jump  on  it  until  it  becomes  flexi- 
ble. 

An  egg  farm  is  to  be  started  near  Birraington, 
Ala.,  and  all  the  darkies  within  a  hundred  miles 
of  it  have  suddenly  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  climate  of  that  place  is  just  what  they  have 
wanted  for  years. 

If  there  is  any  gin  wno  doesn't  like  to  pop  the 
question,  even  if  it  is  yet  leap  year,  she  can  get 
ar  jund  it  by  asking  her  young  man  if  he'd  be 
willing  to  fill  in  his  name  on  her  marriage  certi- 
ficate. 

A  book  just  published,  is  entitled  "How  to 
Make  $.500  Yearly  Proiit  with  Twelve  Hens." 
During  the  past  lew  years,  some  persons  have 
asked  such  a  high  price  for  eggs,  that  an  impres- 
sion prevailed  that  they  wanted  to  make  a  proiit 
of  $500  a  year  with  one  hen. 

A  little  girl  accompanying  her  mother  on  a 
visit  to  an  old  lady,  the  latter  showed  the  child 
her  parrot,  in  his  cage  by  the  window,  warning 
her  at  the  same  time  not  to  go  too  near,  le.'^t  he 
should  bite  her.  "Why  should  he  bite  me?" 
she  asked.  "Because  my  dear,  he  doesn't  know 
you."  "Then  please  tell  him  that  I  am  Mary 
Anne'" 

"  Will  you  kindly  tell  me  what  is  going  on  in 
that  church?"  asked  a  tramp  of  a  gentleman 
who  had  just  descended  tlie  steps. 

"  They  are  holding  a  church  fair." 

"I  am  very  sorry." 

"Why  are  you  sorry,  my  friend?" 

"  Well,  I  was  going  to  ask  you  to  help  me,  but 
if  you  have   been  in  there  it  ain't  no  use." 

A  lady — a  French  lady —  is  showing  a  visitor 
the  family  portraits  in  the  picture  gallery. 

"  That  officer  there  in  the  uniform,"  she  says, 
"  was  my  great-great-grandfather.  He  was  as 
brave  as  a  lion;  but  one  of  the  most  unfortunate 
of  men — he  never  fought  a  battle  in  which  hedid 
not  have  an  arm  or  leg  carried  away." 

Then  she  adds  proudly :  "  He  took  part  in 
twenty-four  engagements." 

A  Montpelier  five-year-oldof  our  acquaintance 
v,as  once  invited,  with  the  rest  of  the  family,  to 
take  tea  at  the  house  of  a  friend.  The  head  of 
the  family  had  taken  pains  to  prepare  a  tempting 
supper  for  his  guests,  anvl,  wlien  all  were  seated 
at  the  table,  and  it  came  five-year-old's  turn  to 
be  helped,  the  host  said:  "Well,  Johnny,  what 
will  you  have  ?  "  Johnny  looked  over  the  table 
a  minute,  and  then  made  this  crushing  reply  : 
"  When  I  am  at  home  and  don't  see  anything 
good  to  eat  on  the  table,  I  have  crackers  and 
milk,  and  I  guess  I'll  have  crackers  and  milk 
now." 

He  was  telling  them  in  the  village  store  that 
his  son  in  Chicago  had  failed,  and  when  they 
asked  for  particulars  he  explained: 

"  Why,  he  writes  me  that  he  bought  wheat  for 
July  deiiverv  and  got  left." 

""How  left"?" 

"I  dunno,  but  I  guess  he  couldn't  deliver  it. 
Mebbe  teams  was  awful  skeerce,  and  mebbe  the 
roads  was  bad." 

"  Well,"  said  one  of  the  crowd  as  he  brought 
his  hand  down  on  the  counter:  "If  I  had  a 
knowed  that  your  son  Bill  was  pinched  to  deliver 
wheat,  I'd  gin  him  the  use  of  my  team  a  whole 
fortnight  for  nuthin',  fur  Bill  was  one  of  the  best 
boys  who  ever  left  this  town." 

"  And  me,  too  !  "  added  every  man  in  the  crowd, 
while  the  old  man  observed : 

■  It'll  probably  be  a  warning  to  William,  and 
meblje  he'll  set  in  and  buy  watermelons  for  Jan- 
uary delivery  and  get  on  liis  feet  again." 

Your  renewal  ia  now  solicited.  See  our  Annual 
Premium  Liit. 


A  MAGNIFICENT  OFFER. 

,  1  Silver-plated  Butter  Knifo.  1  Silver-Plated  j 
\  Sues.r  Shell,  6  Silver  Steel  Tea  Spoons  in  hand-  I 
1  some  case  and  Six  Montlia  Subscription  to  I 
^  "KOME  GirE3T,"the  Popular  Illustrated  MaRazine,  f 
ill  sent  postpai'i  fur  4fl<'.  in  Bljmpq  to  pav  posta'-'.  pack- 1 
liDg,  Ao.  €U  I»u/  Oiltr.  I'ubl't*  Hume  Ouixt,! 
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t^' 


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115 


pach. 


CEO.  PAYN 


nacUinesouljA  I 

Includinpr  an  $8.00setof  | 
'extra  att;n*hiii. ma    of   9  I 

pii.-ces  and  in.-i.-dlt-s,  oi!  and 
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beil-r.       WpHll  Isond  oars  anywhere oo 

trlalbefore  paving.     Circulitrs  free. 

Save  SI5  to  $35  by  addressing 

&  CO.,  4  7  Third  Ave.,  Chicago,  lUa. 


A  BOX  OF.  FUN! 

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_  at  retail.  Jufrtfice  what  this  box  cnntaini:  1 
w  pack  Bastle  cards,  (Li.mic)i  pack  Mind  Your 
BiisinesB  cards,  1  pai  k  Caution  CArds,  1  pnck 
Flirtation  cards,  1  rack  Act^uaintance  cards, 
1  pack  Esciirt  cards,  the  pame  of  Komicai 
^Konvcrsatinn,  100  choice  QuoUtionB  fi.r  Au- 
tograph AibutnB,  the  Wiindtrful  AceTahlet, 
1600.00  In  Confederate  Money  (fawimile).  the  Great  Triple  pHze 
Ptuzle.the  eame  of  Fortune,  (very  ianehftble)  1  Fortune  Tellinp 
Tablet,  1 1  pamea  for  parties,  1  I'eaf  and  Dumb  Alphabet,  1  Morse 
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V.  S.  CAKD  CO.,  C£NX£UB£00K;  OOKN. 


AlOVELY.  CHRISTMAS  GIFT. 

^^FJ^  Every  Christmas  we  make  tlie  little 

folks  aChriEtniAs  Present.  TLisyear 
we  have  Bomelhirg  nice  and  pn^tly. 
To  introduce  our  goods  in  every  home 
wewiilseiid  lo  any  boy  orpirllroo 
Ot'churcre,  if  vou  will  send  Sue.  for 
postace.  ic,  3  pretty  Dolls  with 
beaut  1 1  ul  lile-likeleaiures,  pretty  curls 
and  blue  eyes  or  ban^s  and  dark  eves, 
and  wardrobe  of  3ir  DreEses,  Hats.'ic; 
one  elegant  gilt-bound  floral  Aulo- 
trraph  Atbnm  illustrated  with  birds, 
lerns,  scrolls,  Ac,  five  lovely  Christ- 
mas  Cards,  one  pretty  Birthday  Card "^ 
ami  a  Sup.  Iliusiraled  Holiday  Book 
.\'  ^•R  ^'F<;.  CO..   Ivorvton.  Conn. 


II!STLETOnEMIES; 


OP,  What  the  IfoetA  Soy 
About  Christmas. 

Comprising  a  collec- 
tion of  poems  6elect«(l 
Trom  the  writings  of  H. 
V»  .  Lonefellow.  J.  G. 
Vhittier.  Thomas  Hood 
Ain-ed  Domett,  Chas. 
Mackay.  Sir  'Walter 
Soot.  Jennie  Joy,  and 
others.  The  whole 
bound  in  banner  shape, 
with  rich  silk  fringe 
and  tassels.  ,  The  cover 
of  this  novelty  is  prin- 
ted in  nearlv  eighteen 
colors  (being  an  almost 
exact  facsimile  ofland- 
scape  studies  painted 
ill  oil  colors  on  gold 
pebbie  board),  and 
ranks  exceedinglv  high 
a*  an  important  art 
production  of  the  prem- 
ier class.  The  original 
designs  were  drawn  by 
H,  Maurice  Page,  and 
were  awarded  a  prize 
of  50  lbs.  Sterling  at 
the  Suffolk  Sireei  Lon- 
don GalleriEs  in  •  oom- 
petitive  exhibitor  BOW 
entries.  For  presenta- 
tion, this  art  souvenir 
is  vastly  superior  to  a 
mere  Christmas  card, 
as  it  combines  the  ad- 
vantages of  both  art 
and  literature'  Size,  4 
by  6^4  inches.  Price, 
with  envelope  and  pro- 
tector, 35  cts.,  stamps 
*uken.    Order  now. 

Address  FRANK 
I.IN  NEWS  CO., 
Philadelphia,  Pa* 


OUR  NEW  ilFE!  EXAMINE  IT! 

Laree  blade,  extra  sii-onie;  2  pen  blades; 
nil  iiinde  i-oiiipaet  :  elean  cut- 
tine   pileeN  '     Minootli     handle j 
wnrrnnieil  blades.  p»nt  post-paid 
forSl.OO;  Hix  f<.rSi5.00.    Tins  is 
tlif  best  knile  lor  tlie  price 
wcliave  ever  sliown  here. 
Gent's  fine    3-blade  pen- 
knife     SI  .00:     2-blade 
lack -knife.  50  c.  Ladies'  2- 
tilfliie,  50c.  Huntine  knife 
«1,      I'runine    knife,   SI, 
4S-pap:e   list   free ;   also, 
"Hiiw  to  Use  a  Razor." 

MAHER  &  GROSH, 

^ '^  Summit  St..  Toledo.  0. 

OUR  BULB  OFFERS. 

That  we  might  offer  liberal  premiums 
to  oi(r  subscribers,  we  have  imported  di- 
rect from  the  (jroicers  in  Europe  and  the 
Bermudas,  the  finest  lot  of  bulbs  we  have 
ever  seen.  These  we  have  decided  to  offer 
to  our  friends  in  the  following  liberal 
collections  : — 

Our  60-cent  Collection, 

Sent  free  by  mail,  and  including  one 
year's  subscription  to  The  tarm  and 
Garden,  will  contain  One  fine  Dutch  Hy- 
acinth, Two  Grape  Hyacinths,  Two  Tulips, 
five  Crocus  (each  of  a  different  color), 
One  Scilla  Siberica,  One  Single  Narcissus 
Poeticus,  making  in  all,  when  quality  is 
considered,  as  fine  a  coll  eUion  of  winter- 
blooming  bulbs  as  could  be  usually  bought 
/or  $1.00. 

For.  SI.OO 

We  will  send  one  fine  bulb  of  Lilium  Har- 
rissii  (see  cut  on  page  1),  imported  by  us 
from  grotcers  in  llcrmuda.  One  Dutch 
Hyacinth,  Five  Tulips,  Six  Crocus  (four 
colors),  Three  Spanish  Iris,  Three  Snow- 
drops ;  included  with  this  is  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 

For  S2.00 

W'^  will  send  Two  bulbs  of  Lilium  Har- 
rissii,  One  Scilla  Siberica,  Four  Spanish 
Iris,  Two  Ixias,  One  Snowdrop,  Tlirce 
Oralis,  Seven  Single  Narcisiius  Poeticus, 
One  Jonquil,  One  tulip.  Five  Crocus 
(different  colors).  One  Feather  Hi/aeinlh. 
With  these  we  will  include  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


16 


THE    FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


fl  ^OLLBGiPION, 


BEOUGHT    BY    UNCLE    SAM'S    MAIL    AND  IN 
OTHER  WAYS, 

We  cheerfully  recommend  to  our  readers  the  Frank- 
lin News  Co..  of  this  city.  The  buuks  tliey  advertise  un' 
Sure  in  tone  and  valuable  to  all  our  readers.  They  send 
y  mail  i>r()mptly,  free  of  expense,  any  or  all  the  buoks 
they  advertise.  We  recommend  them  and  their  adver- 
tisemeai,  which  may  be  fuund  in  another  column,  to  all 
our  readers  who  may  wish  good  boobs. 


100 


Fine  Printed  Envelopes,  while  or  assorted  cul- 
ors,  with  name,  busmess.  and  address  on  all 
for  40  cts.,  60  for  25ct8.  Cards  and  Letterheads 
at  same  price.  C  E  C'.  DePU  V ,  .Si/racuse,  J\'.  Y. 


50; 


.Hidden  Name,  Embossed  &  L'liromcfCardsit  a  Golden 
Ciill.  luc.,  li  lots  ouc.     0.  A.  BRAINARD,  Hlgginiini,  Conn. 


*P.  S.  CABBAtJE.     THE    BEST   SEEDS  in  Ihe 

uiirld  supiMol  liy  ISAAC  f.  TILLINGHAST,  Li  Plume.  Pa. 


■'  C.  W.  Dorr  *  Co.,  of  Des  Moines.  Iowa,  have  a  very 
unique  and  wholly  original  plan  of  advertising  in  our 
January  number.  It  is  certain  that  Mr.  Dorr  must  have 
great  laitli  in  his  seeds  as  well  as  in  the  virtue  ul 
printer's  ink. 


40 
40 


Kiiibodseil  atid  Hiddea  Namu  Cards  with  Klfgimi  prize  10  cewi*;, 
1.1  |»k9.  $1.00.  BLAKKSLEE  &  CO.,  North  Havt-n,  Conneclicui. 

<lss4\  Chromo  Cards,  nu  two  alike,  with  name,  lOr. 
1  >  pkH  .  ^l.OU.    GEO.  I.  KKKDtt  CO.   'N'»«sau  N.  V 


144 


Scrap  Pictures,  and  100  Album  Quotations  only  10c. 
50  Embossed  Cards  10c.    J.  B.  HUSTEO,  Naiiau,  H.  Y. 


156 


New  Scrap  Pictures  and  Tennyson's  Pdenis  mailed 
for  10c.  CAPITOL   CARD  CO..    Harllord.   Conn. 


Chromo  Cards  and  Tennyson's  Poems  mailed  for  ten 
one  cent  stamps.    ACME  MANT6  CO.,  Ivorytown,  Codii. 


70  

THE  BIGGEST  THING  OUT"^^"iJ^»i^K^.   I 

mew)  E.  NASON  A  CO..  120  Filton  St.,  Nkw  Yokk. 


CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
Kriebel  Portable  and  Semi-portable  Engines  and  Boil- 
ers—West Point  Machine  Co.,  West  Point,  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.    This  catalogue  gives  a  full  description  and 
price  list  of  the  engines  and  boilers  made  by  them.  Any  | 
of  our  readers  wanting  an  engine  should  address  them,     i 


&0  splendid  Chromos  with  name,  10c,,  3  pks 
1»ndloTeIySannileSbcetcfnewEtvIe  Cards.  30c, 
|5pks.wilhU..M  Plated  ninuand'Samiao Sheet, 

60ctt.    E.  H.  PARDEE,  New  I  lav  en.  Conn. 


TODR 


W  A  Mr  P'^"te<l«"  40  Satin  Fini-.hed  Cards 
llAluL'><»l  a  8olldUolled  Cold  Kine 
FREE  f^T  ten  twft-cent  stftrops.  Cut  this  ouU 
CLINTON  BROS.,  CiintoDTlUcCona 


How  The  Farm  Pays.  By  William  Crozier  and 
Peter  Henderson  Petir  Henderson  *t  Co.,  N.  Y.  This 
work  Contains  the  experiences  tjf  forty  years  of  success- 
ful farming  and  gardening  by  the  above  well-known 
authors.  Tlie  work  is  a  practical  one  by  practical  au- 
thors who  arft  well  known  lo  ■)nr  rearlers.  Sent  by  mall 
from  this  ofHco  on  receipt  of  price,  ?2.50. 


Your  Name" 


From  Vie  "  SosUm  Evening  Traveller  ' 

MUSICAL. 

The  Knahe  Piano,  which  lav*  snch  a  wide  popularity, 
Is  considered  by  many  experts  to  be  superior  in  every 
way  to  any  other  piano  in  the  world.  The  success  of 
this  piano  has  only  been  attained  by  years  of  careful 
study,  and  ttie  Knabe,  \yitli  ilsexceilenl  singingquulities, 
its  great  [lower,  the  elasticity  of  touch,  and  superior 
workmanship,  is  Justly  the  favorite.  "Herr  Faelton's 
piano  solos  at  tlie  recent  Worcester  festival,  the  Schu- 
mann's concerto,  in  A  minor,  op.  .VI,  and  Liszts  Rhapso- 
dle  N<».  4.  which  were  so  highly  jiriiised.  were  both  per- 
formed upon  a  Knahe  i)iiino.  Tl'err  I-'aelton  pronouncing 
It  to  be  the  best  piano  he  had  ever  seen. 


ARE  YOU    GOING  WEST? 

Hon.  H.  W.  Dana,  Lincoln.  III.,  Is  making  up  a  colony 
for  Swift  County.  Minnesota.  In  corn-growing  and  dairy- 
ing region  of  central  Minnesota.  Farmers,  mechanics 
and  business  men  who  value  society,  schools,  and 
churches,  wanted.    Particulars  on  application. 


Catttion  to  Bairymfn.— .\sk  for  Wells.  Richardson 
ACo.'a  Improved  Butter  CoN.r.  and  take  no  other.  Jir- 
iiKirr  of  all  imitations.  an<t  of  all  othei  oil  colors,  fur 
every  other  one  is  liable  to  become  ranci.l  jnid  spoil  the 
butter  Into  which  it  is  put.  If  yon  <-aiinoi  gel  it  wnie  to 
us  at  IJurllngton,  Vt.  to  know  where  and  liow  to  get  it 
without  extra  expense.  Th(jusandn  of  tests  have  neeu 
made,  and  they  always  prove  it  the  best. 


Are  you  Intending'  to  subscribe  for  any  A^lcul- 
tural  paper  ?  If  so.  Just  look  at  these  prices  I 
And  take  their  receipt  for  Itl 
The  prices  given  arf  for  yearly  stibscrintions  to  the 
papers  named— and  iudnilo  a  yearly  subscription  to  tlie 
Farm  asm*  (Iarden.  Sliotihf  you  desire  to  lake  anv 
publicatirm  without  the  I-'aum  ani>  Gahokn.  dedu<'t 
•i5  cents  lioiii  price,  and  we  will  send  lI.  In  some  cases 
two  prices  are  t;iven.  The  lowest  price  is  for  ne«  sub- 
scribers. tii«  other  for  reiM'wals.  (There  is  no  use  in 
attempting  to  deceive  publishers  on  this  point.)  We  are 
only  the  agent-s  of  the  publishers  of  the  pai>ers  in  this 
list;  We  pay  them  your  money  and  they  are  then  re- 
sponsible to  you,  and  to  tiiem  all  complaints  should  be 
directed. 


Agricwltural  Epitnmlst.       .  $0  fiO 
Agricultural      World      and 

Mich.  H.. Ill'' St.' ad  .  .  I  10 
American  Bee  .Imirnal.  .  2  20 
"  "  "  Month..  75 
Amerloftn  Aftrlculturist.  .  1  1h 
American  Apiculuiri.>4t.$t  15  1  3.^ 
American  Cultivator.  .  75  2  65 
American  nalrynian.  .  I  35  1  fiO 
Amcricitn  Knrnn'f.  .  fi" 
American  Farm  Journal,  .  t>5 
American  Field.  .  .  4  35 
Amoricau  Garden,  .  .  h5 
American  Grango  Bulletin,  I  50 
Ami>rlcan  Poultry  Journal,  I  05 
Amorlcan  Poultrr  Yard,  .  I  3.i 
American  Rural  Home,  .  I  10 
Bee  KopptTw'  Guide,  .  .  75 
Bowdit^h'H  American  Flor- 
ist and  Farmer,  .  .  35 
Br«tfdcr  sOajtelte.  .  .  2  .t5 
Cincinnati  Live  Stock  Re- 
view   1  45 

City  and  Countrv,        .        ,  fiO 

Oolman's  Kiiral  \Vorld, .       .  t  60 

Oonnecticul  Farmer,    . "»      .  1  R5 

Cotton  Plant.         ...  85 
Cultivator  and  CountryOen- 

tleman 2  35 

Dingo  Rural.                        .  1  S.i 

Drainascnnd  FarmJournal,  1  lo 

Dnooan'n  Mo   Mag.-iEine.  1  75 
Dunton'8  Spirit  of  the  Turf, 

A  35  4  3.T 

Empire  State  Azriculturist.  60 

Faueiers'  (»a/ette.    .         1  10  1  115 

Farm  and  Fireside  (Ohio),  "5 

Farm,   Firld  and    Fireside,  05 

Farm  and  Home  fMass,),     .  S5 

Farmer  and  Dairyman.        .  K5 

Farmer  ami   Fruit   Grower,  I  25 

Parmer  and   Manufacturer,  60 

Farming  World,    .                 .  2  10 

Farmers'  Companion,  .         .  60 

Farmers'  Friend.           .         .  70 

Farmers'  Home  Journal,  1  00  1  60 

Farmcr'H  Review,                   .  1  .15 

Farm  Journal,       .         .        .  RO 

Floral  World.         ...  60 

Florid*  A(triciilturi5t.           .  1  ^5 

Fof'-st.  Portte  and   Farm,     .  70 

Prult  Recorder.     .        .         .  iV^ 

Oamc  I'ancier's  Journal.     .  70 
Oormantown  Teieirraph.I  60  1  1^5 

Good  Cheer,            .         .        .  fif, 

Orange  Visitor.     .        .         .  m 

Oreen  ^fountain  News,         .  1  60 

"Ircen'a  Fruit  Grower,  55 

Home  and  Farm,  .        (Ky.)  75 


Home  Farm, 

Htiihandman. 

Indiana  Farmer,  . 

!owa  Farmer, 

li>wa  Honiesteail.  . 

Journal  of  AKritMilture, 

Knnxas  F'armer,     . 

Kentucky  Su«;k  Farm. 

Live  Sto<-k  Indicator,  . 

r.i\c  St<>.-k  M-nthly.     . 

.M.'trvland  Karmcr, 

Mlchlf^an  Farmer. 

Midland  Farmer,  . 

Minnesota  Farmer, 

Mirror  and  Farmer, 

Natiiiiial  Farm  and  Firesiile 

Naii..i]itl  T.ive  Suick  Journal 

Narii.rial  PouUr?  Monitor.  . 

NL-ltra<ika  Farnii-r, 

New   Fhj;lai..l  Farmer.       2  00  2.10 

Xi'w  KnKlaiid  Homestciid,    .     2  SS 

North  Carnllna  FarniiT, 

<Mii.i  Farmt-r, 

Ohiii   I'Dullry  Journal, 

('rtuii!c  riinnty  Farmer. 

I'urk'f  Floral  Magazine, 

I'liiii-i  Ivania  Fan 

People  and  Patriot, 

Plunrerf  Ji.nrnal, 

P"nl.ry  Bull.  tin. 

PonKrv  Kufper,    . 

Poultry  Messenger, 

Poultry  Monthly, 

Poultry  Niitlon,    . 

Poultry  World,     . 

Hoanoke  Parron,  . 

Ilural  New  Yorker, 

Rural  Home.  ...        

Rural  Record.        .        .        .        ts5 
Seed  Time  and  Harvest,      .        55 
Soulh  and  We»t.  .        ,        ,        fa 
Southern  Planter. 
Southland.    .        ,        . 
SoulhwehttTU  Poultry  JouF' 

nal (*3 

Spirit  orihcFnrni.  .  185  2  10 
Spirit  of  the  Times.  .  .  4  H5 
Texas  Farm  and  Ranch,  .  95 
Texas  Live  Stm-k  Journal, 

1  35  I  85 
Ti>xas  Planter  and  Farmer.     1.  10 
Texas  Stockman,  .         .    1  S5  2  25 
Trihiine  and  Farmer,  .         .     I  05 
Viok's    Monthlv    Magazine,     1  15 
Western  Cultivator.     . 
WeKtcrn  Farmer  (Wis.), 
Western  Plowman. 
Western  Rural.     . 
Western  Sportsman,    . 


_ '  printed  on  50  Extra  Laree  Chromon*  * 

rench  and  Swiss  Klorah,  in  Fancy  Siript  Tyi>e.  IM  cts.,  lUpackt 
and  our  besniifuliy  bound  Samjle  Album  for  agents,  fl.  Apent^ 
Outfit.  S&ct«.    ££YSTON£CARD  CO.»^'onll  finuif«nl«C«an. 

CARDS,  all  Hidden  Name  and  New  Embossed 
ChroinoN.  lOc."  A-t'ius  make  monev.  Elegftrit 
book  of  samples  -H^-.   Clinton  A  Co.,  North  Haven,  CI. 


\  1 A  i^cautiriil      Satin     f^lnUhcd 

J-lrV  Cardaiind  one   KOLLKI>  <;<»IJ> 

'  RING  FKEK  for  ten  two-etiit  «tamp(t. 

ACME  CAJU>  FACTORV,  CUolooTllle,  Conu 


$39 


PER  WEEK  SELLING  my  Walrhem.  Notlon»s 
Jewelry,  elc.  4S-pace  Catalogue  freo.   Adrtrea, 
G.  M.  IIAN^«ON,  Chicaso.  III. 


SILKS 


SAmpl. 


Plu«lic»  and  Velvet"  for  I'atcbwork, 

und^tumpliiK  t«r  Embroidery.  A  dia- 
t-T«m  of  M.-  k^vriili  inuv  -[iU'h.-^.  hhowingh-w 
1..  put  tof.thrr,  B.T)t  uuh  611  ,riU  and  H-VO 
|.aik:i|jes.  with  fTillhi-'-tru.  tionaf..r  pat.bwA.rk. 

"    :l,rr,i,|ery  Silk,  2.'...  ^M'''^       ""' 


akelns.     EMPIRE  STT.K  WORKS,  CUntonviUe,  Conn. 


riT)  Till  I A  Gold  Watch. 

rilJjij  GOSSAMER  GARMENTS. 

CARDS 


Thepmi^rlH 
lor\'  In  C'ci 


of  the  largist  ear. I  maniif:!' 
wishloK  Ul  liilr.Hlu.        ' 


A^entx'  Saiiipli)  llook  into  every  h-mie  mt  once, 

make  the  foli.iwine  iilwral  offeVr  The  person  Ullliig  us  the  lonK«-8t 
verselnlhpBibU  t«-f-ir«June  UI,  'kS,  will  rw<>lv"  ft8olldOold, 
Lodr'il  Woteb  wnrth  <;.M>.  if  lhrr«i  be  mor*-  than  onecorieclan- 
iwer  the  8d.  will  receive  a  «tem■^^^ndin(^  Ani<Tkan  Watch:  the  3d.  a 
k«y-wlndin([SwlM  Watch.  Each  [.crton  comt"  llnzmn«t  nerd  25  cti. 
with  ih.-irandwer  for  which  th<-v  wllln-crhtij  I.ady'p  Wotcr- 
pronf  GoMHmer  Onrmen't*.  1  pv  k  Hid.leti  Name,  All  Em- 
boue<l,Blrd  MoUoand  Chromo  \i«lllngC^rd»withthcirnameon  each 
and  our  New  A^'vnts'  Sample  Book,  and  a  Premlttm  Llit  of  100 
newstyleiofcardt.  CAPITOL  CARD  MFQ.  CO.,  Hartford,  Conn. 


Best  Offer  Yett    BO  Chromo  Cards,  New  Import- 
ed designs  for  '65,  name  printed  In 
k  latest  style  tcript  type  lOc,  1 1  packi 
Band  this elepant rolled  GnldRingor 

abeaiitifiaSiikll-indkerchieffor^l 

,...i?trated~r.r=t  vHth  Larfe  Sample  Album.  25  cenla. 

FI^AMKION  PHINTING  fO.,  New  llsTen,  Cobb. 


50^ 


Itcantlftil  Motto  and 
Verse  CAJtl>S   »ll 

□Kuih-,  It'o..  5  packjt  aijd  King  Ni 
.  oi  ft  jiacks  anii  Hinp  No.  'i,  60i 

^.^^ ,         1-J  p^ka  for    JI.OO  and  Both 

-""•••      Kings  Free  »  MDder  of  club, 
rhlalfl  the  bttsttotfer  erer  niade  by  anv  reliable 


_  No.  8. « 

mpaov.        KOYAt   t  Aki>'   t<).,    Itorthford,  Conn 


GARDSi 


the 


J  **Emboaaed  Beantles,**  ftll 

,  Chromos  with  your  name  on,  lar^ 
eck^r  Board,  a  full  eetof  Domi- 

i.themirrygameof  "Mugxii^St" 

nil  ^ome  of  "Nine  Penny  Morri*."  the  merry 
of   "Fox  and  Oee»p,"    full  instnutinna   for  eacn 


Pme,  Premiuro  LiEt,  Siimple    Book,  and  our  Great 
rise  PuEzle.  (we  offer  |100  for  be^t  solution.)    AU 
postpaid,  13c., in  stamps.    IT.  S.  Card  Co.»  Centerbrook,  Cono. 

HOW    FARMERS'    BOYS   CAN    MA K E 
MONEY    EASILY    AND    RAPIDLY 

On  the  farm,  ^irowiiig;  and   selling  Cabbage  aiul  Celery 
Plants  and  sePds.     Hiiiidre  ds  oredoinK  it.  aii<l  stune  sell 
S.'SOOwurtli  ciirli  season.      \Vhv  imt  >j'-i'/     For  instruc- 
tionsand  jmrticn-  ISAACS     F.  "TIlililNiiUVRST, 
lars  write  to  La  Plume,    Lackawanna  County,  Penni. 


Vew  Sampte   Bonk 


^  w  w  Satin  Souvenir  Cards,  name  on, 
L^iOc.  11  paclta  $1  -with  elegant  Ring 

or  Imported  SiUc  Handkerchief  free. 

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CARDS! 


100  Laroe  Fancy  Advertising  Cards,  50a 
."ril  Ali  (iold.  '.Mk\,  Large, Wholesale  Cata- 
lu^n.'s  of  BLANK  Canis  for  PRINTERS 
free  for 'A',  stamp.  Silk  Fringed  Christ- 
mas Cards  Hk-.  viirh.  100  handsome  embi>ssed  Picture^', 
i'ic.  UN)  Tr.msli-r  I'ictures,  'iV.  stan1^s  taken.  No  two 
alike  iu  above  packages.     CARD  CO..  Monlpeller.  VI. 


omething  New! 


Warm  aN  toMt.  Ladles'  and  (ientlemcn's  FluxiUle  Rubber  Mit- 
teni;  ju»t  wh.il  vm  want  for  fall  and  winleT  use.  No  more  cold  wet 
bar  1>.  The^e  Nlltlens  are  made  from  Pure  I'ara  Rubber  so  treated 
In  m,  nnfacture  as  t'l  beperfi-ctly  tle>:il>Ie  and  never  crack;  made  In 
hand»t>me  black  .olor  toimllat«  black  kid.  with  heavy  warm  lUece 
lininir-  Theie  Miitena  are  not  itiff  or  cuinbersome  like  most  rubber 
mitSni,  biitare  a«  soft  at  kid, which  thty  resemble  no  closely  that 
on  the  etrwt  they  w.mld  be  mistaken  fur  oneanother.  Weeettda 
namjile  pair  of  either  ladies'  or  ^rents'  postpaid  for  36  cenlA, 
ihree  pairs,  *l.on.  Full  terma  wltli  every  lot.  Airentg  wanted. 
BABCOCK    &   CO..    CENTEtlBEOOK.    CONN. 


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KnKli^^b  nndlOermun,  Price,  only  inc..  wiiieli  ma>'  l>e  deducted 
from  Hrst  order.  It  tells  what  you"  want  lor  tlie  garden,  ami  how 
to  get  it,  instead  of  rnnntng  to  the  grocery  at  the  hiSt  moment  to 
btiv  whatever  seeds  happen  lo  be  left  over,  meeting  disappoinimeni  after  weeks  of  waiting. 


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This  volume  gives  accurate  and  concisi'  inJVirnuition,  ar- 
ranged for  ready  reference,  on  Anatomy,  Architecture,  Ag- 
riculture, Astrohoniy  Arts  and  Sciences,  Biography,  Biblical 
Literature,  Cities  and  Towns  of  the  World,  Kxplorationa 
and  Travels,  Ecclesiastical  History,  Botany,  Oliemlstry. 
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900 pages.  50.000  references.  1200  illustrations, 

A  dictionary  of  Musical  Terms,  Rules  of  Parliamentary 
Procedure.  (Juide  to  Business,  Bank  Laws,  Census  of  the 
United  States,  Pav  of  Army  and  Navy,  Prices  of  Farm 
Commodities  for  .S."!  years.  A  complete  American  Scnnd- 
ard  Diciionnvy.  Bioarrnphiral  Diciionaiy  of  Ihe 
World,  and  Index  to  the  Bible. 
Price  $1.10,  postpaid  with  One  Year's  Subscription  lo 

FARM  AND  GARDEN,  a  splendid  Monthly  paper.  Free. 

With  Home  and  Farm  one  year,  and  Farm  and 

Garden  one  year  for  $1.30. 

Address  FARM  AND  GARDEN,  420  Library  St.,  Philad'a,  Pa. 


If  this  han  three  dotn  after  ft,  pleojte  re^d 
a  8iK«ial  notice  on  bottom  of  paae  t£0. 


« The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


JANUARY,  1885. 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 

SubacrlpUoils  may  begin  wiUi  on;  nvunber,  On!  «e  p„for  to  a.i« 
Bencwiils  oaii   be  sent  now,  no  malter  wtcn  Uie  unbKrioUon 

NaUoe  U  idw.ys  ,toi  of  eipl,»tlon  of  .nb<i«ripUon.  If  not  rene»rf 
p»i»er.  anJ  uo  bill  iviU  bo  sent  for  eitra  numbers. 

BeMllttlul«M  maj  Iw  m»(l«  «  onr  rL.k  b.  Post  Offlco  Onter 
Foslal  Note  K^-iiswred  L«ll«r.  SUo.p»  a„a  I'u^ian  MonS^e 
token,  bat  if  sent  10  ordlnarj  lotK-rs  an-  at  jour  tiak  Wo  do  nof 
adviflo  you  to  »«nd  money  or  st*mp«  without  regijioriDg.  s««  iaat^nc 
Moan  on  page  1^  , 

Keoelptfc— We  send  a  receipt  tot  an  raone*  >#nt  «=  re  -„«  ,.„ 
Bot  bear  from  ns  in  a  reasonable  tlmi;  ^iH^Si 

Addre.i«».-No  matter  how    often  yon  hare  irtlten  to  n.   oleaso 
aiwaya  i?ivo  your  fall  namo,  poet   offloe  nn.*  s*«.*      to    .T       '  *^ 
to  And  your  iame  exoept  tSm  tie  ^Ztt^  We  UK,  no  way 

1.?"?°*  """■?'  ^  8ne««ed,   >o  write  Item' plainly  and  in  tnlL^  if  a 
lady,  alwa^Tl  write  It    the    iam<^„ot   Mr,,  siunanih.  Allen  one  tlme 

your  sisnaturo,  do  not   be  olTonded  if  we  make  a  mlstaknin  this  point. 

-..^"T**.^ '",?*'  ™*''*  "'•m  '■  "^  <*°*»  *^^rT  (^e.  and  we  will  cheerfollv 
».«rreot  thcin  if  yon  write  n«.  Try  to  write  ol  good  natnrMlr  bot  [t 
yon  ouan.7t,  then  write  to  ua  any  way.  Do  not  com-  ' 
plain  to  any  one  olao  or  let  It  pasa.  We  want  an  early 
-opportunity  to  make   rlgh.t  any  injaaUoe  we  may  do 

ADVEKTISINO   RATES— From  l».»c  of 
Jonaarr,  1 885    to  DtK^mber,  1 886,  IneJu- 
•1T6.  eo  cento  per  Acute  line  each  biaertloii. 


the  boy  can  be  driven  from  the  country  to  the 
brick  walls  of  the  city,  from  the  peace  and  quiet 
of  the  country  to  the  din  and  turmoil  of  the  cltv 
now  shall  It  be  done?    Not  easily,  but   beein 
early,  for  you  must  labor  long  if  you  saceeed    As 
soon  a^  your  boy  is  old  enough  to  love  sto<k,  let 
him  at  once  know  that  it  is  "Pop's"  stock  and  he 
has  no   earthly  Interest  at   aU    in  It.    Should 
you  be  so  simple  aa  to  allow  him  a  kitten  even, 
kill  it  as  soon  as  you  can,  for  that  will  help  to 
aiscourage  his  home  love.    As  he  grows  older, 
learn  him  that  your  interests  axe   separate, 
that  it  Is  yours  to  command  and  his  to  obey, 
asking  no  questions,  why  and  wherefore,  for 
by  answeringthose  questions  you  Increase 
his  Interest  In  the  farm.     As  soon  as 
your  boy  Is  old  enough  to  understand 
It,  growl  aboutthe  bard  lot  of  tlie 

farmer,  and  that'  farm 

lug   does  not  pay 

Keep   this    up  ' 

all  the  time, 

forthatf 

makes    .^^^^HDSt^'Vr^J'^ 

1  1  f 

com- 


No.  V. 


■iM 


A    yrar   is   uvU   bcirun    onH 
Vfttl  be  profltahln  fnded,  that 
i>  hequn  b)i  taking  a 
a  good  a^rHcril- 
tmrali 


■i'^l 


'^^A^: 


r/ 


c=rhigj  yet  like  aiajj, 
_  when  fed  alone,  is  poor 
-food  to  work  on. 


While 
a-  little 

foolish- 

n  e  M  s 
may  be 
pleckS' 
chaff. 


THE   CITY  OR  THE  COUNTRY? 

How  TO  Drive  The  Boys  Fkom  Tub  Farm. 

By  a  Orumbling  Farmer. 

So  much  has  been  said  and  written  as  to  how  to 
keep  the  boys  on  the  farm,  that  I  will  take  a  field 
new  to  most  writ/- 
ers:  how  to  keep 
the  Ixiys  from  the 
farm.  To  keep  the 
boys  from  the  farm 
18  not  so  easy  a  task 
as  some  think. 
ihere  is  a  natural 
loveinaboy  forthe 
Old  homestead,  a 
love  for  the  green 
uelds  and  the  pure 
Invigorating  air  of 
the  country  hills 
and  dells.     Yet,  it 


f  2    tSn   *.  d  S   k. 

.  *  d  a  w  o  ©*; 


Ao  On  '»«°S 


OCB  ERT-  IBM  CBELilCribN  OF  VEGETABtSS 
OFFERKD  ON  THIS  PAGE 

fortable,  and  after  a  while,  tne  boy  will  believe 
what  yon  say  andliegln  to  complain  of  his  hard 
lot  as  a  farmer's  boy.  -When  he  get.s  older,  give 
a  highly-colored  picture  of  the  city,  and  a  drear\' 
one  of  the  country.  That  will  encourage  him  to 
hate  the  farm,  and  look  toward  the  city :  but  In 
no  case  allowhlm  to  go  to  the  city,  for  he  might 
not  nnd  all  your  asserUons  true,  and  still  love 
the  farm. 

Keep  up  your  growling  all  the  while  about  hard 
times,  and  the  farmers'  bad  luck,  about  It  being 
too  hot  or  too  cold,  too  wet  or  too  dry,  make  your 
boy  a-s  mLserable  as  possibli-.  that  will  aid  to 
make  him  hate  the  farm.  When  he  gets  older, 
allow  him  no  prlvUeges  at  all.  If  you  shoulti 
allow  him  any  layor,  do  It  grudgingly,  and  growl 
about  It  all  next  dav.  Miilce  his  home  life  an  irk- 
some a.s  possible.  (Should  he  still  have  left  a  love 
for  the  farm,  and  want  a  strawberry  bed,  rasp- 
..  f^^r'"''  ?!"  *  inPl<''a  pateh,  by  no  means  allow 
11  to  hlra.  Do  not  let  him  know  that  there  is  any 
comfort  or  pleasure  on  the  farm,  and  If  he  gets 
any  of  these  privileges  be  must  get  them  on  a 
neighbor's  farm  while  you  arc  away  or  asleep 
Be  sure  and  tell  him  every  day  how  hizv  be  is, 


S  ^."f^MT"^'  Mel"";  P«d  from  ,t<K:k  from  ,hi,.h  ill.,K,and  melin 
Oobh)j^  two  wJr.  ^  ?'"':;,    ^"^^  KIn«  Pepper,  now   and  the  lareesl  grown 
liabbace.  two  weeka  earlier  thaji  nnyjother.  >.  A-  'k.  Sweet  Com,  exfra  early,  1, 


this  colli.-etlon  and  ."ubscripflon  to  Ihl 

can    be   done,  and    iS'Sl^Bal-ga 

P.S-'We  will  send  this  collection  free  lor  a  club  of  B  subscribers  at -i.i  cents  each. 


and  never 
allow  that   he  U 
tired,  even  if  he  was  np 
at  four  o'CiOck  and  worked 
.         .  alongside  of  you  all  day  and 

heard  your  encouraging  talk  during  that  time. 
AUow  him  no  painrs  to  read  which  describe  the 
oomfort.s  of  a  farmer's  life,  nor  allow  him  tose* 
°'V,'^:  ,^1'*^^  '^''"  "o  8ood  farm  papers  to  read  at 
all.  tell  him  you  are  too  _poor  to  take  any,  that 
will  convince  him  that  the  farm  is  a  poor  place 
indeed  Should  he  get  a  copy  of  "Buffalo  BlU," 
"I.,  J"®  "P°°  ^^^  Plains,"  Bit  down  and  read  it 
with  him  with  zeal,  for  this  will  show  yourlnter- 
««t  in  his  growing  idea,  of  how  to  leave  the  farm. 
When  your  boy  approaehes  manhood,  always 
order  hlra  in  an  arbitrary  manner  to  go  and  do 
this,  or  go  and  do  that,  like  a  man  of  authority, 
and  let  him  feel  that  lie  is  talked  to  like  a  puppy 
and  treated  m<e  a  dog.  Should  he  work  wlfti  a 
plow,  give  him  the  poorest  one,  and  teach  hhaa 
that  he  is  an  underling,  but  expect  of  him  the 
same  work  as  the  man  who  has  the  good  plow. 
Bhoijld  he  help  mow,  give  him  any  poor,  old 
^ythe,  and  let  the  hired  man  have  a  good  one 
and  if  the  boy  cannot  keep  up,  call  him  idle 
lazy  good-for-nothing,  or  any  choice  name  of  the 
kind  you  can  think  of.  This  makes  him  feel  the 
Justice  of  some  farmers'  idea  of  a  boy  to  do  a 
man  s  day's  work  with  the  poorest  tools  on  the 
farm. 

To  discourage  blm  the  more,  allow  him  a  pig  or 
a  lamb  and  tell  him  that  it  Is  his  and  take  good 
care  of  it.  That  will  encourage  blm  to  work. 
When  the  animal  is  grown,  sell  his  pet  lamb  or 
c.tlf  and  put  the  money  in  your  pocket.  Should 
he  fail  to  see  the  Jusfi.eof  it  and  say  anything, 
'  .ii.'^i'."  '°  **''"•■  "P-  '^"'t  yo"  have  no  patienSs 
with  him.    Make   him  tielieve  you  are  injured 

THE  mOST  VALUABLE  AND  COIHPLETE  COL-  ^l^^^f^t  ate 

justice  htlps  wean 
him  from  the  farm,. 
Should  your  boy 
still  love  the  farm, 
do  not  be  discour- 
aged, but  growl  a 
little  more,  and  try 
again  in  someother 
way.  Should  there  ■ 
be  a  picnic  or  an 
excursion  or  a 
pleasant  school  en- 
tertainment, never 
let  him  go,  but  tell 


webarearra^i  tb,    11  1   ,  "    '■ACTION  OF  NOVELTIES  EVER  OFFERED. 

Cnbon  0.7^n^».i.  uTi"^    "?  '?,""'  '^."!'  1""'  Oai.di»  thi.  paper.  FKEE.     Tbe  teEValu.lle  md^  are  s 
^uuun  vueeti    tvater  Helon.  Pe.'d  from  Bto.-k  from  ^hi.  s  m  — rr,,  % — 1,... ». ^_.  .....  .  .  .T.    . 


would    coat 

eentH,  and 

as  foUi.ws  — 

aa  ^own,    New  Cardinal  Tomato.     La^t 

hes  thirk,  H  inoli,-.  i-.ik:.     Etitmpea 

of  flab  flavor; Very'larw"N,w'eM.i.-'n^  ^l'^'^^'^  *  ""''  «"'"  ''"''^'  ]!^'"  'H"      Pumpkin-Grey   Uoi.loene, 

U  to  20  Inches  lone      pi|nei^r>l«   S^.r^^l.     K.,  ',"^  I.eftoce.  CAlra  fine;    none  better.    Lonit   GreelBn  t'ueumberl  new; 

Runerior-  ettVa  eariV      i.2«."i ■•"'.„!  .v    '  °l  '"  '""^  I"'"'  »"''  """'  Preduotlve.     Beep  Seorlct  Olive  Kadlah;   l.a.>  no 

former,  or  hlawtfeNO  W     ^fl»A  O';'"'"  •""'<;<■ '"'"""^l  «  rl«k  of  M„c  too  ifferal)  we  ..y  -To  ever.  Am-  rlean 

rcoelre,  thl'  ?nmte-    we  wnTj??  JJ"  "''"''  '*"'  "."',"''  '"'  """'«»■'  '"d  .-ub^criptlon  to  this  pao.r  within  5   darj  nfl.-r  he 

tlon  Mo.k  Melon  7iVl^t''n'  '5  "  'PV^'Inl  premium  for  tbe  promptne.-.  one  t,M  poetet  of  Perfee- 

there  l°^.reeW^oml5r.V^'"°H*'''  ff  °"  PV"''"''"^"''  »»*  absolutely  the  flneat  grown.    F1e«h  .0    thlek 

AND  CAbUeV   PhnLjSr^iJlS  'd^"'    "i"  ""f  hw't*'*-  »""  i«"l  «  «"  i»  »'»">,»  or  i«...5  note  at  onee  10  FAKM 

A^.a^   VA^aiFCi^,    f  nilaaelDhln.    PennMTlvnnin.    and    r iro    »ha    ....u*.    k„  .-...-..    „'*  ...in 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


him  that  It  Is  his  place  to  work,  ■work,  work. 
Uttle  by  little  your  olan  luitl  work  ;  tho  farm 
without  comforts,  thehome  without  pleasure,  the 
life  without  hope,  will  by-and-bye  wean  the  boy 
from  the  ferm  ;  and  the  glare  and  the  glitter  of 
elty  lite,  like  the  moth  is  drawn  to  the  candle,  will 
draw  your  boy  to  the  city.  Dazzled  and  bewil- 
dered by  the  change,  he  Is  loth  to  leave  the  city 
With  Its  ailurementH,  to  again  go  back  to  the 
eountry,  where  bin  early  life  was  shorn  of  its 
pleasnresi,  and  the  brightest  days  of  his  boyhood 
were  lost  and  obscured  by  a  cloud,  with  no  bright 
■pot  In  the  memory  of  his  youth  to  call  hl'n 
back  to  the  farm. 

The  fatheron  the  farm  Is  alone  In  his  old  age,  he 
Is  burdened  with  sorrow.  The  old  homestead  Is 
going  to  decay,  the  farm  is  a  ruin.  The  vigor  of 
manhood  is  wasted  in  the  city,  that  labor  which 
■would  have  ennobled  the  farm  and  beautified 
Its  landscape,  made  productive  its  Selds,  and 
OTnamented  the  home.  Is  lost  in  the  care  and  dls- 
tmst  of  the  city.  Its  turmoil  and  anxieties, 
take  the;  plac^  of  the  quiet  homestead,  whose 
beauties  are  faded  and  whose  opportunities  are 
lost. 

["  How  to  Kef-p  Bout  on  the  Pami,"  will  be  given 
At  February  iVumficr.— Ed.] 


THE    COMPOSITION     OF    CROPS. 

VBOnTABLS  RKADINn    FOR   TlIK    SClBNTinC  PARMKR, 
AND  MOT  wrrHOUT  VALITK  TO  EVKBYONK. 


fly  "  CompoHtian^* 

Bo  mnch  has  been  written  abont  potash,  phos- 
phorlo  acid,  and  Nitrogen,  within  the  past  few 
years,  that  the  average  reader  of  the  agricultural 
papers  knows  that  these  are  the  names  of  the 
three  substances  needed  in  any  soil  to  render  It 

Eroductlve.  In  other  words,  no  soil,  no  matter 
ow  well  supplied  with  other  things;  no  matter 
how  well  drained  and  cultivated,  can  produce  a 
crop  wlthonl  the  presence  of  sufficient  potash, 
phosphoric  acid,  and  nitrogen,  and  In  an  availa- 
tile  form  for  the  growing  plants. 

It  will  be  Interesting,  now  that  the  crops  are  all 
gathered,  to  sit  down  to  a  small  table  we  have 
prepared,  and  talk  over  the  amounts  of  the  three 
leading  essentials,  above  mentioned,  required  In 
the  production  of  a  few  of  our  leading  crop*. 

In  the  first  group  Is  placed  the  cereals  and 
meadow  hay,  '.he  second  contains  leguminous 
crops,  and  the  third,  root  crops.  The  kind  of 
orops  is  given  in  the  rtrst  column,  the  weight  in 
pounds,  of  the  crop  per  acre.  In  the  second ;  the 
Hune  dry  In  the  third;  In  the  fourth,  ash;  fol- 
lotred  by  the  nitrogen,  potash,  and  phosphoric 
aeld.  In  the  last  three  columns:— 


AilbrmK. 

Wheat,  4,968. 

Barley,  ifia. 

Oats,  4,72s, 

Hay,  8,860. 


Drj. 
4,18.^ 

8,827. 
8,978. 
2,822. 


Aih. 
189. 
1-W. 
IM. 
208. 


46. 

47. 
52. 
4». 


PotTl.    Phn».A  il 

27.9.       22.7. 


31.4. 
.881. 
58.3. 


20.6, 
18.9. 
12.7. 


81 .8. 
25.1. 

21.7. 
SS.l. 
49.1. 


II. 
Beans,       4.160.     3,tfll.      187.       Wl.       81.1. 
B.  Clover,  4,480.      8,703.      265.      102.       87.4. 

III. 
Bw»de«,    88.0W.      4,055.      238.      102.       79.7. 
Turnips,  41»,5ft'i.      4.fi57.      SM.      13a      148J*. 
Mangels,  e7,5i;J.      7J282.      680.      147.      2C2A 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  three  grains  do  not 
■how  any  great  ditreronees  In  the  three  substan- 
ees  under  consideration.  For  an  easy  set  of  fig- 
ures to  keep  In  the  memory,  we  may  say  that  of 
■  large  nuralx>r  of  analyses,  the  average  amounts 
In  round  numbers,  for  the  cereals  Is,  iH'r  acre, 
nitrogen, 50;  potash,  .SO;  and  phosphoric  acid,  20 
pounds.  The  meadow  hay  has  a  smaller  average 
weight  of  dry  substance,  but  a  larger  per  cent,  of 
■ah  than  the  cereals,  and  an  Increas*)  In  nltroger. 
and  potash. 


large  size  and  depth  of  grains.  Th» 
above  illustration  Is  an  exact  pho- 
tograph of  one  hill  grown  on  the 
seed  farm  of  Samuel  Wilson,  Me- 
chanlcsvllle,  Bucks  county.  Pa. 
This  hill,  as  will  be  seen,  contains 
three  stalks  and  each  stalk  two 
large,  full  ears,  (which  is  a  great 
peculiarity  ot  this  valuable  variety 
of  corn,)  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Wil- 
son at  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Fair  in  September,  1884,  and  re- 
ceived tlie  highest  premium  over 
more  tlian  one  liundred  samplea 
of  corn  on  the  stalk.  The  Golden 
Beauty  corn  Is  a  strong,  healthy, 
vigorous  grower;  stalks  medium 
heieht,  very  dark,  broad,  green 
leal,  large  ears— 10  to  14  Inches  long. 
Very  small  cob;  deep,  broad  grain, 
of  a  bright  golden  color.  Ripens 
medium  early.  Makes  the  rlcnesl 
and  t)est  corn  meal,  and  Is  said  to 
outyleld  any  other  variety  In  culti- 
vation. We  have  reports  of  over 
140  bushels  of  shelled  corn  to  the 
acre  the  past  season. 

MORE  ABOUT   FLORIDA. 

Bu  W.  C.  Steelf,  SwUwTland,  Horlda. 


GOLDEN  m  BEAUTY  CORN, 


It  VAH  ripe  witl 
•r*nit  grower,  e«r« 
TmrietioA  wo  bft7« 
hftve  fbll  'vmfldf'D'^  Iq 
Blnda  of  cnr  pol^rvrl**- 
tt^e,   kud    patirno6 

PLANTING 

yoa    will 

■Told  thk. 

«kaDO«  to  b«   wl'    .  _ 

«verT      rentier     of 

"r ' 

bom  (30 
.__i  K 

Mailed        (CMllllR 


S»rlT  •ubncrlpliin    at 
«  Com  (30  rN.n(a} 
Tllfc  FAKM  AND 


Qoisxs  Bkacty  Uobln. 
make  upon  the  soil.    But  this  U  about  as  Ceu-  as 
the  chemist  can  go.    He  cannot,  for  example. 
Inform  us,  with  certainty,  where  the  nitrogen 
comes  from.    He  cannot  tell  us  why  it  Is  that  a 
clover  crop,  requiring  a  hundred  pounds  of  nitro- 
gen, is  a  better  preparatory 
A  Proliflo  Ear-   crop  for  wheat  than  a   ce- 
Iv  Seed  Com       '^'"    """T  requiring  half  as 
ly  oeea  v,orn.      j„^^,.^^  nitrogen.  Such  a  nues- 
of  needs  h«Te  tha  ftmninn  pobiio  ^''_'°_.Vif^^^'\!'_    tlon  must  be  answered  by 

"'"''""'*    the  person  who  has  made  a 


Corn.  Koewlnii  ihli.  tie  Kdltore  ot  ihl.  p»i)«r  trnve  m»do 
T»rl«ile«-  Thl«  1«  Uie  vxart  troth  »h<"a  U>»  W"'"! " 
In  CurahCTland  C^nnlJ  N  3  12  mcrefl  on  JuDP  loth,  IHM. 
FCTtdT  for  ahoi-klnit  Septtmber  S6.  It  l«  «  vl«. 
well,  Ml  1«  very  proline.  It  I.  the  bent  of  man^ 
te-led  »nl  is  au  exeeilent  eorly  fleld  corn,  we 
It.  One  fi»ctbUt.r  cxprt.  (..-.■  hn^  bieu  deeply  burnt  Into  the 
Ing  firiniTs — thru  i-  thiit  ynu  lorfe  money,  labor,  Uinu, 
-^j--     II  leu  [iltint  vrorthleMt  need  corn.  ^^^ 

-3^  GEirniNE     GOLDEN     BEAUTY 


stuciy  of  the  differences  of 
growth  and  feeding  power 
of  the  various  plants.  It  Is 
a  good  point  gained  when 
wo  know  the  composition 
of  a  crop,  but  there  are 
things  to  be  considered  In 


V?in  ®i  =  2f    J;S;v,~Vi»riii     nrrrn  1    wepropoeetoiji.e  Supplying  thc  soll  With  tUc 

OUR  i^s^i:  WONDERFUL  OFFER!  tbi/,,^  oem  .  BuLstinds  out  of  which 

ii\"Ji  lis  2 Is   "  tho"!r«hly  trM.    We  ..ot  thi.  oorn  teeM  by  crops  are  made. 

r      ^*^        .g  _,  —     -^  "      -    _._,,    _^„,    -,~,,    nno    who   sends  blA  ■ 


tbU    paper.      11    ehaU    rent    every 

50  ^nt.,  only  the  po«taff©  on 

to  ohtBin  It.     Thnt  fi  !"•"'>"  IS^'AJiVlVoKN 

e\l£DKN  one  year  «nd  *NE  POUJiDOF  €OKH 


htna 

BEAUTY    CORN. 


NOW  SEE  ^^^  THIS: 

Bushel  %F    ^^     4olden 


The  most  noticeable  difference  found  In  the 
next  group,  represented  by  clover  and  beans,  Is 
the  greatly  Increased  amount  of  the  "nitrogen, 
which,  In  even  numbers.  Is  twice  that  of  the 
erops  In  the  first  group;  this  fact  is  easy  to 
remember.  The  potash  Is  nearly  three  times  as 
much,  and  the  phosphoric  iK-td  is  somewhat  more 
than  that  In  the  grains  and  s;ras«es. 

The'flrst  thing  to  be  observed  in  the  root  crop 
18  the  larger  weight  of  the  green  crop,  which, 
when  compared  with  the  figures  of  dry  weight  is 
Been  to  be  verv  largely  water.  The  amount  of 
ash  Is  greatly  In  excess  of  that  of  the  preceding 
crops  In  the  table,  reaching  as  high  as  690 pounds 
In  Uie  mangels.  The  amount  of  nitrogen  Is  aiso 
large,  averaging  considerably  above  that  for 
elover.  The  potash  is  remarkably  high  in  the 
turnips,  and  especially  In  the  mangels,  when  it  is 
nearly  ten  times  that  of  the  wheat.  The  phos- 
phoric acid  is  also  abundant  in  the  mangel  crop. 

F^m  this  table  the  reader  gets  a  general  insight 
Uto  the  demands  which  the  various  farm  orops 


A  NEW  VARIETY  OF  FIELD 
CORN.  THE  GOLDEN 
BEAUTY. 


in  Bend,  fr.-lcht  paid  bya«,ONE 


As  corn  is  the  most  Im- 
portant crop  of  any  grown 
In  the  United  States,  and  probably  is  of  more 
value  to  the  farmer,  in  a  general  way,  than 
any  other,  it  certainly  is  of  the  highest  Importr 
ance  to  obtain  that  kind  which  will  make  the 
most  bushels  to  the  acre  under  the  same  treat- 
ment, and  be  of  the  greatest  value  for  feeding 
purposes.  Great  improvements  have  been  made 
within  the  last  twenty  years  on  our  old-fashlnned 
eight-rowed  and  th  Ick-cob,  shallow-grained, 
gourd-seed  varieties.  This  ha-s  not  been  brought 
about  by  accident  or  high  culture,  but  by  Judi- 
cious hybridizing  and  careful  selections  of  the 
best,  earliest,  and  most  productive  stalks  year 
after  year  until  the  original  type  has  become  en- 
tirely changed,  and  a  variety  of  superior  quality 
obtained  that  will  produce  nearly  twice  as  much 
per  acre  as  our  old-fashioned  sorts. 

The  best  and  most  productive  of  any  we  have 
yet  seen  or  heard  of^  is  the  "  Golden  Beautv, 
which  was  Introduced  a  few  years  ago,  and  bids 
fair  to  outstrip  all  other  kinds  of  fleld  com  In 
productiveness,  beautUUl  appearance  of  the  ear, 


Since  the  publication  of  my  let- 
ters on  "  Gardening  in  Florida,"  In 
The  Fakm  and  Garden,  I  have 
received  several  letters  of  Inquiry 
from  readers  of  the  paper.  It  may 
he  that  others  would  be  interested 
to  know  something  more  about  the 
state. 

There  Is  very  little  difference  of 
'.pinion  as  to  the  desirability  of 
I'lorlda  as  a  winter  resort.  That 
it  Is  as  well  suited  for  a  perma- 
nent home,  is  not  so  generally  ac- 
knowledged. I  cannot  with  In  the 
limits  of  this  article  give  the  argu- 
ments which  prove  this  to  be  a  fact. 
The  best  way  is  to  come  and  tee.  For 
the  benefit  of  those  who  may  de- 
cide to  do  so,  I  wish  to  state  a  few 
facts  that  should  be  considered  by 
any  one  who  thinks  of  locating  In 
Florida,  before  they  do  so. 

It  is  not  generally  known  at  the 
North,  that  there  is  a  strip  of  ter- 
rltor>'  along  the  east  side  of  the  t^t. 
John's  river,  within  from  twenty 
to  thirty  miles  of  Jacksonville, 
where  oranges  and  lemons  are  a>- 
suctjessfuUy  grown  as  they  are  10.' 
miles  farther  south.  This  Is  owl nc 
to  water  protection  on  the  west 
and  north- west :  all  our  IVoets  com'  • 
with  cold  nortn-west  winds.  At- 
the  points  I  speak  of,  the  river  i^' 
from  two  to  four  miles  wide.      ' 

At  this  place  the  course  of  thft 
river  Is  such  that  a  north-west  wind 
must  cross  from  ten  to  twelve 
miles  of  water,  which  Is  quite 
warm,  flowing  as  It  doe*,  from 
points  100  to  200  miles  farther  south. 
Last  winter  was  the  coldest  that 
has  been  known  in  Florida  lor 
many  years.  Orange  trees  from 
■six  to  eight  years  old,  many  of 
them  large  enough  to  have  borne 
fruit  this  year,  were  killed  to  the 
ground  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  On  the  eurt 
side,  ao  trees  were  killed,  and  only  a  very  few 
young  trees  were  Injured  at  all.  At  our  place, 
the  only  signs  ot  frost  were  that  here  and  there  a 
twig  was  touched  a  little,  and  dropped  its  leave*. 
A  few  citron  trees,  the  tenderest  of  all  the  orange 
family,  lost  their  leaves.  Lemons,  though  more 
sensitive  to  frost  than  oranges,  were  not  hurt 
enough  to  drop  their  leaves. 

A  gentleman  from  the  west  side  of  the  river, 
who  visited  our  place  after  the  culd  snap,  said 
that  he  carried  a  box  of  seedling  orange  trees  into 
the  house  for  safety  the  coldest  night,  and  jet 
they  froze  to  death.  My  nelghboi,  whom  he  was 
visiting,  then  took  him  out  and  showed  him 
several  boxes  containing  hundreds  ol  little  8ee<l- 
ling  orange  trees  that  had  been  out  of  doors  un- 
protected through  all  the  cold  weather,  yet,  only 
one  of  the  whole  lot  was  injured. 

One  of  ttie  t>eM  thinn'  n  farmn  ean  (io  if  to  take  a  rooa 
practieol  pftprr  <m  'anninq.  not  io-much  for  hU  especia^ 
hfwM.  Indfor  hwlnnuli/.  They  uW  prize,  it,  and  vejie 
tleve  you  trill  loo.  A  Id  your  hoyt  or  girlt  logavpa  ouo. 
We  ufnild  Uke  to  have  a  eJub  from  them... 


INSURE  IN  THE  TRAVELERS, 

OF   HARTFORD,   €X)NNECTU  IT.  » 

Oaaraateee  weekly  Indemnlly  lor  dlsabhiig  sccldenta. 
wllb  prlDClpal  Ban.  In  case  of  death,  at  trifling  cost. 

AppTv   to  anv   of   onr   (x)untles.s    agents,  or  the 
HOait  OFFICE  at  Hartford,  ConnectlcnU 


ROSES 


^    GRAPE  VINES,  and 
,di  SMALL  FRUITS  by 


MAULE'S 

CAnaoT  at  tuRPMSco. 


Gr/VRDEM- 


New  catalOfTue  for  1Sk,'>,  IrM  to  ill.  Best  ptitillshert.  YeKx 
ought  to  liave  It.  Oon'l  tall  to  itniljoiir  addreu  on  «  WIUIW 
It  Co  «■.  MHRV  HAULC.  II>-I3I  f .  fiMl  St..  Pklli .  Pt- 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


The  cold  wave  of  January  6th,  1884,  killed  more 
■eedllng^  and  young  orange  trees  in  Orange 
County,  150  miles  south  of  us,  than  It  did  within 
the  territory  I  have  been  describing. 

Quava  bushes  lost  their  leaves,  and  many  ware 
killed  to  the  ground  In  Orange  County,  and  they 
were  no  worse  with  us.  In  fact,  a  few  bushes,  near 
the  river,  under  the  shelter  of  some  live  oak  trees, 
escaped  without  any  injury  whatever.  There 
have  beeu  very  few  bananas  set  out  in  Switzer- 
land yet.  Of  these,  however,  a  few  ripened  fruit 
In  ISfe,  though  too  much  injured  to  fruit  this 
year,  none  of  them  were  killed,  and  they  give 
nnepromise  for  a  crop  next  year. 

While  in  Orange  County  a  year  ago,  I  found 
that  they  did  not  expect  to  be  sucoeesful  in  grow- 
ing pineapples,  unless  they  gave  them  some  pro- 
teetlon  during  the  winter.  Pineapples  lived 
through  the  winter  at  our  place  without  any 
protection  whatever.  They  were  badl.v  hurt,  but 
the  same  amount  of  protection  n'ecessary  to 
■eoare  a  crop  in  Orange  County,  would  Insure  one 
here. 

These  statements  may  seem  exaggerated  to 
some.  1  do  not  ask  any  one  to  take  my  word 
onsupported,  cwne  and  see. 

That  our  e-xemptlon  from  Injurious  frosts  Is  due 
to  DOT  water  protection,  Is  proved  by  the  fact  that 

BEAUTIFUL  EVER-BLOOMING  ROSES. 

The  Kose  la    the 
Qaeen   of  Flowers, 

(iQ<l  our  KverMooiuiag 
KoBei?  ajp  quicll,  elegant, 
and  proUiio  Id  bearing. 
Wf'  have  ajraoged  theae 
ni^Iling  oollectioQs  that 
vAcb  bujth  la  of  different, 
» aluable  varletj.  In  Cal- 
ifornia and  the  South 
lhe>  can  be  set  oat  now 
and  even  In  the  North  It 
II  pay  well  to  start 
I  th^m  In  the  bouse  pre. 
pHxatorj  to  our  -  door 
t)lo^>mlng.  Early  in  the 
warm  spring  they  will 
bear  a  profusion  of  buds 
and  oootinue  until  frost. 
Foar  Rplendld  Of. 
fenib.  I'or  70  cents  we 
will  fiend  free  bv  mall 
Four  Ever  •bloom. 
Init  Kofie  PljuiUi  of 
new  varieties, each  plant 
different  and  of  a  dif- 
ferent color,  and  one  year's  Bnbsorlpdon  to  Thk  I'AaM  AND  GaRHSH. 
Vat  91.00  we  will  send  free  by  mail  H  tin"  Kver-bloomlog  Kose 
PlAQta  and  Thb  Fabm  *nd  GAansw  one  yar.  For  a  club  of  4  yearly 
ntMoribera  at  &&  oentseajh,  we  will  give  as  a  premium  4  Ever- 
Moomiog  Boflea-  For  a  club  of  1&  yearly  anbacribers  at  li&  oonta 
eaoh  w«  wll*  give  15  fine  Ever-bluoinlog  Rosea. 

as  you  go  back  from  the  river,  the  severity  of  the 
frost  Increases.  So  much  so,  that  last  winter, 
oranges  on  the  trees  in  groves  three  or  four  miles 
back  from  the  river,  were  sjwlled  by  freezing, 
while  In  the  groves  along  the  river,  very  few  were 
touched  at  all.  Unimproved  land  at  this  place 
can  be  bought  for  about  one-half  the  price  asked 
for  poorer  land  further  south.  The  reason  for 
this  Is  that  the  most  of  those  who  settle  in 
Florida,  wish  to  grow  oranges.  They  have  heard 
that  to  do  so  successfull.v,  they  must  get  beyond 
the  "  frost  line,"  which  is  louuted  a  long  way  up 
the  river.  The  agents  for  all  the  tran»port4itlon 
lines  encourage  this  Idea,  because  the  farther 
south  the  people  go,  the  more  money  they  get  for 
fare  and  freight. 

It  costs  more  to  go  frotn  JackBonville  to  Orange 
County  onc^>,  tiian  to  make  a  dozen  trips  to  Switz- 
erland and  back.  There  Is  also  a  very  great  dif- 
ference In  the  cost  of  getting  produce  to  market 
from  the  two  points  I  am  comparing. 

The  "  frost  line  "  has'not  been  detiniitely  located 
for  many  years.  It  Ut  naid,  that  at  one  time  it  was 
marked  by  a  rail  fence,  but  this  fence  wius  burned 
by  one  of  bur  forest  fires,  and  since  that  time  no 
one  has  been  able  to  llnd  It  again.  Seriously, 
there  is  a  great  deal  of  nonsense  wrilt^'ii  ujion 
this  subject,  and  It  will  pay  any  one  who  wishes 
to  settle  In  Florida,  to  look  about  him  well  before 
deciding. 

I  have  no  land  for  sale,  nor  any  interest  In  the 
Bale  of  that  belonging  to  others.  I  b*_igan  a  year 
ago  In  the  pine  woods,  and  am  trying  to  make 
myself  a  home  In  the  "  Land  of  Flowers."  My 
only  object  In  writing  thus  is  to  bring  in  more 
good  neighbors,  if  possible.  To  that  end  I  will 
gladly  answer  all  Inquiries  from  parties  who 
•noloee  stamp  to  pay  postage. 


OOLDEN   OPPORTUNITIES  IN  THE  SOUTH 

Continxifd.    B>/  Josrpfu 
GRAPES  AND  QKAPK  WINE. 

The  United  States  opens  a  wide  territory  for 
■noceesful  grape  culture.    Grapes  are  grown  with 

Eroflt  In  many  of  the  Nftrthern  States,  but  their 
ome  is  further  South.  In  Virginia,  in  the  Car- 
ollaas,  and  in  other  Southern  terrltorlt^  we  find 
the  vine  in  its  natural  condition,  unimproved  and 
uncultivated,  and  .vet  the  fruit  is  often  very 
acceptable  to  a  not  too  fastidious  taste.  This  cir- 
cumstance proves  beyond  a  doubt  that  both 
climate  and  soil  Is  naturally  ailapted  to  the  grape. 

J'riend  Satterthwaite,  in  South  Carolina,  near 
the  Georgia  line,  evidoutly  believes  that  grape 
growing  there  Is  profitable,  else  he  would  liardly 
invest  thousands  of  dollars  vear  at^r  year  in 
planting  Niagara's.  Fie,  like  ilie  genial  1*.  M.  of 
Kiehmond  on  ills  1.^  j\cres  raises  tlie  fruit  for 
market  malnl.v.  I  have  visited  the  latter  gentle- 
man's vine.vard-  His  Concords.  Catawbas,  Ives 
and  other  variett'W  are  growing  luxuriantly,  yield 
abundantly,  and  bring  very  fair  returns.  The 
Belaware  there  does  not  seem  to  t>e  quite  so  re- 
liable. 

Whl'.e  writing  this  artiiile  I  find  myself  right 
upon  the  verv  flncsl  gr.ape  soil  to  be  found 
between  North  and  South,  on  top  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,    whicb    divides    the    groat    valley    and 


In  sending  you,  ovr  sample  January  number  of 
The  Farm  and  Garden,  ofw/Uch  we  propose  to 
issue  350,000,  of  course  we  muj<t  reach  some  who 
are  not  acquainted  with  tts,  or  our  journal. 

Four  years  ago,  we  believed  that  a  moitthly 
journal  devoted  to  the  interest  of  the  farm  and 
garden,  could  be  made  a  success.  With  that  belief 
we  began  the  publication  of  Thk  Farm  and 
Gakden,  and  after  our  trial  we  find  that  our 
hopes  and  our  expectations  have  been  more  than 
realized.  For  this  wethank  our  many  friends  for 
the  encouragement  they  have  given  us,  and  the 
kind  appreciation  they  have  so  often  expressed  of 
our  efforts  to  give  an  excellent  journal  at  so  low  a 
price.  We  hope  the  same  good  feeling  may  con- 
tinue  "with  all  our  old  friends  who  have  so  long 
lakenTwE  Farm  and  Garden,  and  all  new  ones 
who  may  subscribe  to  our  journal.  To  those  who 
do  not  know  us,  and  who  may  receive  the  January 
(sample)  number,  we  desii'e  to  say  we  were  fold 
that  an  agricultural  journal  conld  not  be  made  to 
suit  all  parts  of  the  country,  but  each  journal 
must  be  local  in  character,  and  unsuited  to  the 
various  sections  of  the  Country.  Our  experience 
has  proved  this  to  be  an  error,  for  The  Farm 
and  Garden  is  now  taken  in  all  parts  of  the 
Union.  Although  it  entails  upon  us  much  extra 
work,  which  others  would  perhaps  not  undertake, 
yet,  we  propose  to  study  the  iv<i}its  of  every  section 
of  the  Union,  and  endeavor  to  Jill  that  want  for 
advice  and  infonnation. 


A  BUSINESS  NCTICE. 


We  are  now  located  at  iHO  Library  Street.  We  will 
remom  about  December  IBth,  J.SS4,  to  No.  7i5  Filbert 
Street,  letters  a<ldressed  to  either  place  will  reach 
U.I,  or  addressed  siinply  Farm  and  Garden^  Lock 
Box,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Piedmont.  Soil  and  climate  seem  to  be  alike 
favorable  to  grape  growing,  and  on  either  elope 
of  this  far-stretched  mountain  range. 

A  few  weeks  since  I  visited  Messrs.  Ashby  and 
McKay,  at  Belmont  near  Front  Royal,  the  largest 
Individual  grape  growers  and  wine  makers  in  the 
South.  Nearly  100  acres  are  planted  In  grapes, 
mostly  C/Oiicords,  Delawares,  Catawbas^  also  Ives, 
Hartford  Prolific,  and  Norton's  Virginias. 

Suitable  land — limestone  soil— in  this  Blue 
Ridge  section  Is  plentiful  and  cheap,  from  $5.00 
to  $20.00  per  acre.  Therefore  grape  growers,  to 
make  a  start  here  on  a  moderate  scale,  need  but 
little  capital,  and  have  ni'iny  other  ttlngs  in 
their  favor.  There  Is  little  danger  from  Injurj'  by 
late  frosts  In  the  spring,  or  by  early  frosts  In  the 
fall.  Catawbas  have  a  chance  to  mature  every 
year.  The  fruit  ripens  early,  and  may  be  mar- 
keted weeks  In  advance  of  the  New  York  crop. 
I  do  not  see  any  reason  why  growers  should  buy 
high-priced  land  In  the  North  for  grape  growing, 
and  run  all  the  risks  of  early  and  late  frosts, 
when  such  advantages  are  offered  a  little  further 
south. 

Grape  growing  here,  in  the  comparatively  rare 
cases  where  we  meet  with  It  at  all,  is  on  generally 
the  grander  scJile,  which  characterizes  almost  ail 
farming  operations  In  the  South.  Cultivators 
think  no  more  of  planting  ten  acres  of  vines,  or 
tomatoes,  or  other  produce,  than  a  Northener 
would  of  planting  one.  No  fuss  Is  made  about  It, 
nor  are  great  preparations  considered  necessary. 
The  land  Is  plowed,  the  grapes  planted,  rather 
close — six,  seven,  or  eight  feet  is  the  usual  dis- 
tance— short  stakes  are  driven  in  due  season,  and 
the  vines  tied  to  the  one  wire  stretched  on  top  of 
the  stakes,  or,  as  in  the  case  of  the  P.  M.,  and 
generally  in  other  places,  each  vine  Is  simply 
trained  to  a  single  stake.    Our  Northern  grape 


growers,  many  of  whom  are  Germans,  grow  up 
in  the  business,  would  treat  a  vineyard  altogether 
differently.  With  more  wire,  more  labor,  some 
fertilizer,  and  perliaps  a  greater  distance  between 
the  plants,  they  would  raise  two  or  three  times 
the  quantity  of  fruit  on  the  same  area. 

Mr,  McKay  sells  only  his  Delawares  partly  In 
the  local  market  of  Front  Royal,  partly  in  'Wash- 
ington  City.  All  of  his  Concords,  Catawbas,  Nor- 
ton's  Virginia,  etc.,  are  manufactured  into  wiaa 
and  brandy.  It  is  not  necessary  in  this  connec- 
tion to  discuss  the  question,  whether  it  be  right 
or  not  to  produce  wine  and  brandy  for  sale.*  \Va 
may  take  It  as  a  fact,  that  wine  will  be  made  and 
used  as  a  beverage  as  long  as  grapes  are  grown. 
Mr.  McKay  finds  the  business  profitable,  and 
Intends  to  plant  still  more  largely.  At  present 
he  makes  about  1800  gallons  or  more  per  annum, 
and  sells  the  product  for  from  60  cents  to  $1.25  per 
gallon.  A  number  of  his  casks  hold  about  IIOIB 
gallons  each. 

"Show  me,"  says  he,  "the  100  acres  of  land  ia 
this  great  and  fertile  valley  which  will  yield  to 
the  cultivator  as  large  net  profits,  with  the  same 
outlay  of  labor,  as  my  100  acres  of  grapes.  -  'i.oa 
can  not  do  It."    And  I  think  he  Is  right.      " 

We  have  heard  occasionally  about  the  garden 
spot  of  the  South.  The  Blue  Ridge,  with  Ita 
spurs  would  be  my  choice. 

•  ITht-  editors  of  The  Farm  ano  Gardkn  bj  no  means  ■■talte  thi^  aa 
a  fact,"  but  cordially  diiagreo  with  it.] 


GARDEN    NOTES. 


Spreading  hay  a  few  inches  thick  over  the  gai*- 
den,  will  make  the  soil,  wiien  the  hay  is  removedj 
easier  to  till  and  will  keep  mellow  audmoistlong- 
er  In  summer. 

While  at  leisure  In  this  cold  and  Vnclemeut 
season,  get  your  pen  and  do  what  a,  farmer  seldom 
delight*:  to  do,  write  a  letter,  more  than  one  if  you 
choose,  but  all  of  them  for  the  garden.  Ask  the 
seedmen  for  their  catalogues  of  s<'eds,  the  manu- 
facturer for  his  price-list  of  plows,  garden  cultiviv 
tors,  <feo.,  the  publisher  for  book  list,  and  then  y<jii 
will  have  something  to  advise  you  what  to  buy 
and  what  to  do,  and  when  spring  comes  you  aro 
all  ready  and  posted  for  work.    Do  not  put  It  off. 


But  little  can  be  done  In  the  garden  ut  this 
season  of  the  year.  The  compost  may  be  pre-? 
pared.  Hog  pen  manure  Is  very  good  for  garden 
manure,  and  slaughter  house  manure  Is  \eTy 
valuable  also,  as  it  has  so  niueh  blood  and  offal 
in  It  that  it  will  make  a  vigorous  growth  of  vine, 
and  is  very  valuable  for  cucumbers,  ptiie  beans 
and  running  vine«,  but  is  apt  to  make  tlie  planus 
too  vigorous  for  an  extra  early  fruiting.  Fresh 
stable  manure  is  not  good  for  the  garden,  for  tho 
manure  will  heat  and  the  free  Ammonia  that 
will  escape  will  injure  the  roots  of  early  stuff;  or 
as  some  farmers  say,  "  burn  up  the  stutl"."  Put 
no  ashes  or  lime  in  your  compost.  Spread  them 
broadcast  over  the  garden,  and  the  compost  iu 

tlie  urn. 

The  season  may  not  allow  It  this  soon,  to  make 
a  garden  fence,  If  you  have  none,  by  all  means 
get  your  lumber  ready  now  for  a  good  high  fenco 
antl  plan  for  a  good  garden  the  coming  spring. 
If  you  wish  on  early  garden  select  a  plot  sloping 
toward  the  sun  and  build  the  fence  high  and 
tighten  the  north  side  of  the  garden  and  white- 
wash It  on  the  south  side.  Should  your  garden 
soil  be  heavy  and  cold,  look  up  some  sand  bank 
this  winter,  and  cart  sand  and  cover  the  garde'n 
well  with  It.  If  you  do  the  Job  well,  it  will  not 
require  to  be  done  again  In  a  life-time.  One  hun- 
dred loads  of  sand,  carted  In  a  garden,  will  make 
a  clay  loam  a  sandy  one.  Try  a  cxirner  of  the 
garden  "With  sand,  any  way,  and  see  If  you  are  not 
pleased  with  It. 


When  we  ask  the  readers  of  (his  paper  to  send  ut  a 
clut>,  we  mean  you,  qf  course.    It  is  easily  done. 


L GENTS  WANTED  foi  'wo  new  fast  selling  arti- 
cles, tramples  free.    C.  E.  j>Inr«ihnll,  Lockport.  H.  V. 


SEND  to  KINC  &  CO..  Owego,  N.V..  for  CatalOKue 
and  Priee-List  of  CUSTOM   HAND-MADE  HARNESS. 

100 


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lUU  cards  for  10c.    C.  G  DePU Y.Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


$39 


PER  WEEK  SELLING  my  Watches,  Notionse 
J  ewelry,  etc.  td^page  Catalogue  free.   Addi  es, 
G.  U.  HANSON.  Chicaso,  111. 


MARLBORO    RASPBERRY,     POKEEPSIE 
RED,  ULSTER  PROLIFIC,  and  Ducbeit  GrapM. 

Send    to   tlie    originators    for  descriptloD  and   terms. 

A.  J.  CAY  WOOD  &  SOf/S,  Marlboro,  flew  York. 


GREENlIODfiE')    VERBENAS,  and  ROSES  in 
_,    AiUTC      f    100  OR    Crrn      VegetaWe 

PLANTS.  )  1000  lots.  wt-tU,  and  Flowera. 

Many  desirable  noveltlne.    Small  Fruits.    80  Page  cala- 
logue  ready  iu  Feb'y,  free.    C.  E.  ALLEN.  Braltleboro,  Vt. 

SO  tOTZLT  NewHoUdsrChromorARDS, 

witbuame.  lOe.     12  SeDtlmeDtaUHiddea 

Name,  1  />e.     18  Xmnn  &  NewYear,  Hlddes 

>  Naioe,  S&e.    Naasau  Card  Co.  NaMau,  N.  T. 


rlOKTrlANUbT  mail  or  persoDnlly. 
itnatlons  procured  for  pupils  when  competent. 
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/^•:/i.-BMNC-ENGRAV'-ER  ^5 
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innnn^'-ECTROS  IN   STOCK.      ,^.Bi.A/^C 
L  lU.UUU  SENDFORCATALOGUES  PHILAD^ 


MAULE'S 

CANNOT  BE  SURPASSED. 


G-ARDEIT 


New  catalogue  lur  IW),  (ree  to  all.  Best  published.  You 
ought  to  have  it.  Don'l  tail  la  tend  tour  address  oo  a  postal  tat 
It  to  WM.  HENRY  MAULE,  129.131  S.  Fnol  Si.,  PbJIa.,  P*. 


WHO   WANTS   A  \JI  L^ 

WATCH,  ORCUINETT^,  or  JEWELRY 
FREE,  should  send  for  our  terms. 

Address  PH(ENIX  MANUFCTURING  GO.. 

41   BARCLAY   STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


,»s  SjCAUE§ 


Hatlefactory  references  given.     For   Illufltrmted 
Book  BddisBe,  Osgood  <Sb  Co.,  BiogLamton,  N.  Y 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


She  Oi^ghai^Dj  Uinbyaf^d, 

AND  Small  Pi^uims. 

Notile  is  the  mm  who  planls  fruU  trees  for  the  use 
Kif  hit  rhildren  with  the  same  zeal  as  he  does  for  his 
arum  profit.. 

A  tree,  unlike  some  people,  when  kindly  treated, 
xeldom  fails  to  discover  U.  It  does  not  forget  the  /,'ind- 
nes*.  — 

apples;  change  or  varieties  by  soil 

AND  climate. 

By  EU  Mlneh,  ,Shiloh,  Ji.  J. 

In  former  contributions  to  y.^ai  valuable 
Journal  I  have  considered  a  few  ol  (he  many 
problems  of  fruit  growing.  I  will  examine 
at  this  time  the  eftects  of  soil  and  climate, 
and  the  variation  tliey  produce  in  the 
growth  of  the  tree  and  fruit,  and  how  they 
affect  the  value  of  varieties  In  dlfl'creut  sec- 
tions of  the  country. 

AH  varieties  of  apples  are  not  at  all  sim- 
ilarly affected  by  soil  and  climate.  Thus  the 
Ben  Davis  is  liardy  and  will  thrive  in  the 
cold,  icy  regions  of  Canada,  and  withstand 
quite  successfully  the  ilry,  cold  winds  of  a 
Wisconsin  winter.  It  will  also  grow  in  the 
dry  soil  of  central  Texas,  and  will  f  ndure 
the  torrid  heat  of  Alabama  and  Georgia, 
while  the  Swaar  will  only  thrive  in  its  na- 
tive home  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson. 
Bach  variety  differs  In  adaptability  to  soils, 
but  not  so  widely  as  Ben  IJavls  and  Swaar. 
Upon  this  branch  of  apple  culture  more 
Information  is  needed,  for  upon  it  depends 
Vallure  or  success.  Published  descriptions  of 
Irult  avail  us  but  little,  for  the  Swaar  Is 
highly  commended  for  its  fine  quality,  while 
the  Ben  Davis  is  always  descriljed  as  only 
pa-ssable.  A  reader  would  naturally  suppose 
If  he  wanted  a  fine  apple  he  must  take  the 
ijwaar,  yet  a  mistake  could  not  be  greater, 
lor  the  Swaar  would  succeed  only  in  a  few 
places,  while  had  he  taken  the  Ben  Davis, 
a  supply  of  fair  fruit  would  have  been  as- 
sured. 

Now  we  want  other  varieties  of  fruit,  and 
we  must  look  over  the  list  carefully  to  see 
what  varieties  we  can  safely  plant  to  suit 
our  soil  and  climate,  and  to  iilve  some  light 
on  this  point  I  write  this  article. 

Experiments  that  I  have  made  with  many  va-  I  set  In  the  spring  only  a  bua 
rleties  of  fruit  from  various  part  of  the  Union  I  ground,  take  root  from  the  graft  very  readily, 
ueem  to  establisii  the  fact  beyond  all  question  ,  and  become  a  seedling  in  every  respect  iwregju-ds 
that  apples  which  are  good  keeiwrs  at  the  >forth  rix>t  and  top,  and  will  flourish  with  all  the  vigor 
are  •'cnerallv  wortliless  for  kr.  ping  If  removed  I  of  that  variety  In  its  native  soil,  <>r Jiny  soil  of  a 
from  hlllv  regions  of  the  Nortii  to  the  level  re- ,  similar  nature,  yet,  if  taken  to  a  dillerent  soil. 
»ions  of  tlie  Middle  Status,  and  that  while  early  unless  it  can  accommodate  It.self  readily  to  that 
apples  from  those  regions  will  be  Une  on  removal,  change,  will  not  thrive  or  prove  satisfactory. 
Soul  hern  early  fruits  are  not  so  promising.  Their  While  this  fact  appears  clear  to  me,  I  also  find  If 
winter  apples  are,  without  doubt,  destined  to  be  we  take  the  same  variety  and  graa  it  on  a  vlgor- 
the  winter  apples  of  the  middle  sections  of  the  ous  native  seedling  three  or  four  years  old  at  the 
United  States  point  where  tiie   U)p  ol  tlie  now  tree  is  desired. 

Some  of  the  elfects  of  climate  that  are  general  will  then  have  a  vigorous  seedling  root  to  thr  ve 
ov-  all  BccUons  of  the  country  are  that  dry  I  upon,  and  will  not  be  compelled  to  contend  with 
weather  colors  up  tne  fruit  handsomely,  and  If  an  uncongenial  soil.  In  the  one  case  the  tree,  da 
f  „  Is   usually   grown  by  small 

seedling  roots,  will  succeed 
in  any  soil  in  which  the  va- 
riety will  thrive,  but  will 
not  suit  itself  to  an  uncon- 
genial soil.  1  think  here  my 
Western  friends  will  And  the 
sei-ret  of  decaying  orchards. 
This  article  is  already  too 
long-continued,  it  retards  the  growth  and  ripen- 1  lengthy,  and  I  will,  at  an  early  date,  complete  It, 
Ingr  and  maltes  the  fruit  keep  better.  Wet  I  and  have  something  also  to  say  on  orchard  sites 
weather  increases  the  growth  and  causes  the  i  and  soils, 
fruit  to  ripen  and  decay  earlier.  Warm,  late 
falls  cause  the  apples  to  form  fruit  buds,  and  will 
make  an  apple  that  is  a  poor  bearer  in  a  colder 
climate  be  a  good  bearer,  and  a  good  bearer  at 


above 


THE  NIAGARA  GRAPE 


cry  one  i/t  the  JaO.OVO  per'toD^  who  r 
orapo.  VTe  Ihi-n-foro  Dave  prcparM 
Company  tall  utlifrs  iiri>  Hpurloui) 
eEOh)  Wf  will  ^ivtf  free,  :"  »  premi 


A  donlrabic  and  valuabU-  aov.Ujr.  ProhU- 
t>lo.  proUilr.  and  of  good  qualllT.  De«crib*4 
aij  1  lllustraled  on  Uiis  pa^r.     Wo  b«UeTc  e»- 

^  ,— ,-.    would  bfl  d.'llghled  and  pU'nM!<l  with  this 

)  -^fud  ircnalnc  Nlusara  arupe  vino*  wlih  «eal  of  tho 
-For  ao  ^u'  ■     '■^  "^    '".-    


one  a-year-old  Niiicaru  2rap«  vino,  mnlled^poat- 

p«ld!  or  we  will  ii..nd  t'aaM  AMD  QaRDKM  0D«  yvmi  and  one  tf.yoar  olu  vine  for  #K.10.     '^ 
allow  UtH  opportuuilj  io  puM. 


and   #7.&0   (S5   ccnu 

■■   1  poflt- 

Do  Dot 


NIAGARA   GRAPE. 


This  beautiful,  new  white  ( 


**    v^v^v*  ,j^*».ui    «uv*  «    v^^v*  w^»*u.  «v        -  ape  was  originated 

th'6  8outh°a'*poorone"nortii"oirit's  phice  ofo'r"lgim  |  ln"Ni"agara  County,  N.  Y.,l)y  Messrs.  Hoag  & 
I  find  in   ny  experience  of  planting  trees  from    Clark,  and  is  a  seedling  of  the  Cassady  as  a  male 
various   soils   and   sections    from    very    distant 
point*  ot  country,  tliat  tliose  from  the  river  hot' 
toms  of  Geoi-gla  and  rich  bottom  soils  of  Ohio 
are  very  fibrous— a  solid  mass  of  flue  roots,  while  1 
{Tcn\  the  limestone  soil  of  Tennessee  the  nx)ts  are  ■ 


and  the  Concord  as  a  female.  It  Is  being  intro- 
duced by  T.  8.  Hubbard,  of  Fredonia,  N.  Y.  The 
Niagara  is  a  strong,  vigorous  grower,  and  com- 
bines all  the  vigorous,  hardy  qualities  of  the  Con- 
cord and  the  white  color  and  peculiar  sweetness 
of  the  Cassady,  thus  having  all  the  good  qnall- 
ties  of  both  parents.  The  bunches  are  often 
shouldered,  and  usually  weigh  a  half  pound  or 
more,  and  those  of  a  pound  weight  are  very  nn- 
nierous.  The  berries  are  large,  somewhat  larger 
than  the  Concord,  of  a  greenish-white  color  like 
the  Cassady,  and  almost  transparent,  of  a  pecu- 
liar and  distinct  flavor  pleasing  to  most  lovers  o? 
the  grape.  One  peculiarity  of  the  trrape  is  part- 
ing so  freely  from  its  seeds,  and  the  seeds  need 
not  be  eaten  with  the  pulp,  as  it  is  necessary  to 
do  in  most  grapes.  It  possesses  none  of  that 
burning  character  which  causes  some  otherwise 
excellent  grapes  to  give  a  peculiar  acrid  sensa- 
tion of  the  tongue  and  at  times  an  unpleasant 
soreness.  The  Niagara  ripens  with  the  Hartford 
Prolific,  and  will  remain  on  the  vine  and  not 
shrivel  or  rot,  as  is  usual  with  grapes,  but  will 
continue  in  good  condition  until  frost. 

The  vino  is  wonderfully  productive.  A  one- 
year-old  vine  set  in  1878  bore  twenty  clusters  in 
1879,  and  forty-seven  in  1880,  large  crop  in  1881, 
and  in  1882  produced  one  of  forty  pounds  of 
grapes.  This  was  done  in  good  vineyard  cultiva- 
tion. Oiu-  engraving  represents  a  bearing  vine- 
yard of  the  Niagara  grape  set  ten  feet  apart  and 
four  years  old,  and  shows  its  beaoUful  appear- 
ance and  great  productiveness. 


long  and  clean  ^  t'rom  the  loam  of  New  York  they 
are  freely-rooted  and  stocky,  and  fnjm  New  Jer- 
sey the  roots  are  lone  and  flbrous.  When  planted 
all  of  them  more  or  less  lose  tlieir  characteristics 
and  form  long  and  clean  roots.  One  year  will 
^ihange  all  the  fibrous  roots  of  the  flbrous-rooted 
trees  of  Ge*>rgia  and  Ohio  into  the  long  and 
straight  -ix)ts  so  common  in  orchards  of  our 
section 

Those  changes  all'ecv  to  .some  extent  the  growth 
of  the  tree.  The  trees  grown  in  river  bottoms 
are  sure  to  live,  but  do  not  readily  change  roots 
in  less  than  a  year.  After  they  change  their 
roots  to  suit  our  soil  their  growth  is  very  rapid 
indeed.  The  trees  from  the  iime^^one  regions  of 
Tennessee  grow  rapidly  in  any  soil.  1  am  mak- 
ing experiments  with  trees  of  other  sections,  and 
they  will  be  continued  until  a  satisfactory  result 
is  reached. 

.Studying,  as  I  do,  all  the  various  changes  that 
soil  and  climate  produce  iu  varieties,  I  am  slowly 
flnding  the  result.  I  wish  to  reach  a  variety  or 
varieties  of  fruit^s  that  make  us  a  list  of  apples, 
both  early  and  late,  that  will  be  an  acquisition  to 
tho  country.  It  will  take  time  to  accomplish  it, 
but  I  feel  that  In  due  time  I  shall  have  solved  tlie 
problem.  I  luu  learning  that  an  apple  of  an(»tbcr  , 
section  top-grafted  on  one  of  our  native  seedlluas 
is  not  the  same  as  one  grown  on  a  tree  that  Is 
grown  in  that  section,  planted  and  fruited  here. 
That  varieties  also  of  a  different  soil  and  climate 
not  grafted  in  their  native  soil,  do  not.  If  planted  | 
with  me,  produce  the  same  tree  or  fruit  as  if  top-  [ 
grafted  on  one  of  our  native  seedlings.  The 
cause  of  whicli  I  will  explain.  ! 

Trees  propagated  In    usual   manner  on  small  i 
seedling    stocks    grafted    in    the    winter     and 


GRAPE 


I  VINE.'-t— Po'keepeie,Hedtnat«r, 
Prolifio.  NIAGAU.\,iuict  other 
olit'i'i'i  nric  rari«/iV.. Straw berriee, 
BlaclitieiTies,  .M^HLBOKU  1 

1  other  Raspborriee.  OatalogTieyr."'' 

JU&L,  llOUSEk  >k  t!ON,  .Mercbantville,  ^f.  J. 


i  O  STRONG  CONCORD  ^n^^# 

I  ^^   BY  MAIL  for  SI.OO.    Order  NOW 

■  m^^    for  Spring  SiiipmenK.     Oat&logne  FK££. 
WM.   B.  REED,  CHAMBERSBURC,  PA. 


IT  EXCELS 

EN 
EABL.IirE.SS, 
LARGE  SIZE, 
AND 
.XWEBTNESS. 


SEPEEmAEARLVmUCO&X 

!K    '^iwverouNorri"  all  jhoulo  n«ve  it. 

Tcrr^.Kurlj'  Sweet  Com.  with  a  » 


vry  litre* 

Hiarkit  or  honi* 
ilrner.     Onl^  a  I'-w  ■laja  later  thau  Lne 
■>  ry  ■  ajliest,  with  tara  tolly  aa  \ikTge  a»  th« 
vcrviT^-D  (the  standard  a*,  rf^iirds  elie).     Terj 
(ifodu'.tlvif.  and  peraliarVv  cwett  and  rich.     Tlw 
moHt   profitabk'   1"T  market,   ihe  Moat 
dellcloud  liT   Lh**   tablp.     It   wit)  be 
cperior  rroin  ils  dtJi- 
-■weetne*-s.  ttfl  large 
sif«l  ears  oo»- 
I^lfd    with    iu 
_^^^^^^^^^^^^^  exircmo  eaxll 
pTovtb     ^^"^^^^^^^^B  "'  "talk   fbr   f^ 
icUvmees.    It  .^^^^|  com ti iocs  In 
_  eacoesflivt 

Bo«tn^-  IL  ;r..H  -  ;it.,.ui  fi  fe*'l  hiRh.  vitb  2  U>  .1  -^ar-  to  the  alaUt  Thle  corn  koows  do  Kortb.  no  Sooth,  no  FapL.  no  Vvil,  but  It  Ib  equally 
(TOO*!  '•v>.i'.  ..L^rc  ALiil  i.'T  ivtrvorif — wherever  curi,  ir-  crown.  It  ts  Fnre  lo  irlve  (-aiinfaction.  A  trijt  fiicKaye  ^iH  toevIdo-  jon.  It  l»  all  w 
claim  fi-r  ii.  Trv  it.  l&c.  per  paoka|rc  (<-"iii-iininz  st-^  eooneb  lor  t>0  bllN).  H  piH>kQ|ce«  to  oiio  uddreiw,  by  mall,  for  91. OO 
Prl^-*  for  larKPr'quanllties  ou  application.  All  parcheKern  wlU  reotlve  a  eopy  of  our  larffe  lllMMtratcd  cufalognie  of  Reeda, 
plantm  undKordon  nuppUes  of  all  klndm  FBKE,  atid  many  other  TalQai)re_uoveltteM,  oontalDs_conipl«;w  llaU-  cf  all  thi>  desc  w« 
-^plants.      Sent  to   others  on   receipt     "^         ^^         ■^■.^^».^  ^  .    —      .— 

Send  atoDCC.  do  not  wait.    Addro^ 


^eeds  and  pjlaots.      Sent  to' others  on   receipt     ■■         r%         DIERSON        ^ORIST      AND     SE^SMAN, 


SEEDS 

AND  :     I 

PLANTS 

For  I88S 


Our  Ilhistrated  Catalogue  of 
'Everyihinf  for  tho  Garden,*' 
full  of  valaable  caltnral  directions, 
containing  8  colored  plates,  and  em- 
bracing ever3rtliing  new  and  rare  In 
6KED3  AND  pLANTS,  wHl  bc  mailed  on 
receipt  of  stamps  to  corer  postage 
(5  centB).  To  cnstomers  of  last 
eeason  sent  £ree  without  application. 


3^ 


&C0. 

35&37CORTLAK0^5T 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


^KoU  fruits  are  valuable  for  a  farm,  andoften  add 
mae*  to  its  income 

What  th*  WOson  strawberrii  was  to  the  old  kinds 
*f  Urawbsrriet  some  jiew  herry  may  yH  be  to  tlie 
Wilxon.  ^___ 

We  desire  to  serve  our  readers  well,  and  we 
•elleve  the  Orchard  and  Fruit  growing  depart- 
ments of  our  agricultural  journaLs  do  not  usually 
leoeJT*  the  attention  their  Importance  merits. 
Wo  propose  to  make  these  departments  of  our 
Journal  both  progressive  and  practical,  and  shall 
m^the  future  as  m  the  past,  give  all  the  various 
fiTilta  In  cultivation,  ea-ch  due  attent.on.  To 
farther  our  plan,  we  shall  Incur  the  expense  of 
sanding  a  representative  to  the  New  Orlcane 
Exposition  to  fully  represent  the  varied  interests 
of  The  Farm  and  Garben  at  the  Exposition. 
Ifflpecial  attenUon  will  l>e  paid  to  the  I'omologi- 
ral  department  of  the  Exposition,  where  there 
■<rlll  be  the  largest  and  most  varied  exhibit  from 
all  parts  of  the  Union,  ever  known.  We  feel  that 
Ihe  expense  we  incur  will  be  amply  repaid  in  the 
Information  we  shall  gain  in  fruits  and  fruit 
•olture,  and  all  the  benefit  derived  from  it  will  be 
tor  the  good  of  our  extensive  family  of  renders. 

We  are  making  experiments  wltlj  new  and  val- 
uable fruits,  as  also  are  many  of  our  readers,  and 

mUITGMEES! 

,     MEECH'S 

FROUFiC  QUINCE. 

A  New  aod  OesM  3  Fnill. 

Wf   have  atraogr      to  offer 

thL^  ueiily  InLTO.     jed  fruit 

(l^^;ri^>ed  on  lit-    pojte.  as 

foliofth:     r^raOiutscrl- 

li-Ts,   St  lioo.   vaflh.   we 

wiU  send  free  by  mall 

a  one-year  old  tree, 

■>r  w-e  will  wQd  the  tiT-e 

ajij  tile  paper  one  year 

lot    fl.&O.      We  fiavo 

faitb  lu   this    preniium. 

jQil  want  a  thouaand 

readera  to  taie  it  up.     Tliere 

1^  money  la   tbLa  quince,  and 

we  know  it. 

AaU,  as  we  report  our  experience  with  them, 
glTe  an  accurate  account  of  succes.s  or  failure  with 
each  variety.  We  hope  with  the  care  and  ex- 
pense we  incur  In  the  Fruit  department  of  The 
Fabh  and  Garden,  we  shall  make  it  equal  to,  if 
■^superior  to  any  agricultural  Journal   pub- 

U  la  a  very  good  time  now  to  ca,rt  a  few  loads  of 
■Mouro,  and  spread  it  over  the  strawberry  Ix^d. 
The  more  manure  and  the  more  evenly  spread 
the  better.  When  the  growth  Is  stopped  and  the 
eronnd  frozen,  then  is  your  time  to  manure.  One 
ioad  then  is  worth  two  in  the  spring.  Do  not  be 
afraid  to  use  manure.  Muriate  of  p»tash,  (If 
sowed  early),  300  pounds  to  the  acre,  with  500 
pounds  of  bono  dust,  is  a  good  fertilizer  in  absence 
of  karnyard  or  stable  manure.  The  strawben-y 
»ed  above  all,  needs  weeding  and  feeding.  While 
yjm  are  at  it  you  might  give  the  raspiwrrles  and 
•laekberriejs  a  little  to.>,  thev  will  repay  you  If 
you  starve  your  small  fruits  thev  wiU  not  prosper. 
^«  penny  saved  is  not  a  penny  gained  In  small 
Bmlt  growing.  , 

Tfe  find  In  our  experiments  with  apples,  that 
Ike  Santa,  a  seedling  of  White  Countv,  Georgia 
pronii.ses  to  be  a  long  keeper.  The  app"lc  la  above 
medium  in  size,  smooth,  and  in  color  a  light 
yrtUow,  a  good  grower,  and  an  early  bearer. 
_Vfe  have  many  varieties  of  seedlings  and  new 
■jolts  that  have  been  top  grafted  three  years  and 
Meamed  very  profuse,/  la-st  spring  and  gave 
premise  of  a  large  crop  of  fruit;  but  a  severe 
■t«rm  in  June  destroyed  the  fruit.  We  hope  this 
year  to  be  able  to  report  on  many  of  them  which 
we  hope  to  have  in  bearing.  We  do  not  carry  on 
Uiese  experiments  to  get  more  varieties,  but  to 
Moare  the  l«!st,  which  can  only  be  found  by  a 
ttorough  trial.  What  we  want  is  to  trv  all  varie- 
«e«  of  promise,  and  select  the  best  and  grow  them 
only,  and  discard  all  kinds  that  are  not  very 
superior.  We  now  have  too  man.y  kinds,  and 
^•■y  of  them  are  worthless  to  the  farmer 


and 


Look  over  your  orchard  these  cold  snowy  day  , 
and  see  how  many  apple  trees  you  have  In  tl  e 
orchard,  that  are  worthless,  and  take   ground 
that  should  be  set  in  better  fruit.    If  the  trees  are 
young  and  vigorous,  select  the  varieties  that  are 
valuable,  (and  do  not  forget  a  few  early  ones  for 
the  children),  and  when  the  time  comes  in  the 
spring,  top   graft   the  trees  that   are    vigorous, 
(ample  Instructions,  with  full  engravings  will  be 
given  in  our  March  number),  the  aeii4  and  decay- 
ing trees  dig  up,  and  plant  in  their  place  new 
ones.   Will  new  trees  grow  where 
old  ones  have  stood?    Yes,  if 
the  soil  will  grow  trees.  Somg 
spots    In    a   farm    wlU    not  ' 
grow  grain  well ;  so,  some 
spots  In  an  orchard  will 
not   grow   trees.     When 
you  set  a  tree  where  ad 
old  one  stood,  ash   the 
ground  well,  and  lime  It, 
to  take  the  sourness  out! 
of  the  old  roots,  and  keep 
the  soil  mellow  a  short 
distance  from  the  tree. 
Hard  ground  gets  dry  and 
hot  in  long  summer  sun 

4- 

We  believe  we  can  do  our 
north-western  friends  no    ■ 
greater  favor  than  to  recom- 
mend the  Wealthy  apple  foi 
trial,  where  an  Ironclad  apple  ... 
desired.     The  Wealthy  is   above 
medium  in  size,  as  will  be  seen  In  the       The  Weaxthy 


cut.  Is  oblate  In  form,  and  usually  crimson 
red  In  color,  but  is  occasionally  striped  with 
red  on  a  whitlsh-yoUow  ground.  The  tree  is 
very  healthy  and  vigorous,  an  abundant  and 
early  bearer.  It  was  originated  with  Peter  M. 
Gideon,  of  E.xcclsior,  Minnesota,  and  has  proved 
■■•■'■  ironclad  in  the  severest  winters  of  Slinn* 


This  is  a  special  issue  of  the  FARM  AND 
GAUDKN,  and  rontain.s  many  advertiseinents 
not  appearing  in  any  otfaei'  paper.  You  ^vill 
aid  tne  advertisers  if  yon  will  mention  in  vyri- 
tine  them  that  you  saw  the  **ad"  in  January 
FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


sola,  and  elsewhere.    Although  it  only  was  orig- 
inated fifteen  years  ago,  its  culture  has  ext«ndea 
to  Canada  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  has  made  a 
reputation    wherever   it    has    been    tried. 
When  planted  South,  It  is  as  early,  or  earlier 
-^-^        than  the  Baldwin;  but  for  the 
north-west   it  Is  a  valuable 
winter  apple.     The   Legls. 
lature,  by  a  special  act, 
made  Mr.    Gideon  an 
appropriation  of  a  large 
sum  annually,  to  teetf 
,new   seedlings  to  And 
'another  of  the  merit  of 
I  the  Wealthy. 

When  you    plant  an 

orchard  plant  the  aarly 

apples  near  the  house, 

,  where  the  hogs  can  coti- 

j  suiiie  the  fallen  fruit,  and 

.  where  the  apples  are  easily 

gut  hered.  The  winterapples 

plant  away  from  the  house, 

that  the  worms  that  breed  in 

the  early  apples  will  not 

_v       attack  and  render  worthless  the 

winter  apples,  as  they  do  when  togetheE. 


The   largest    assortment    In    the 
country  of  the  best  old  and  ne^v 

m^mm^^^m^^^t^  Frult  and  Ornamental  Trees, 
iSli!ul>s,  Pieuuiea,  Hedtje  Plants.  Grape  Vines,  Small 
t-rulls.    etc.     Abrid^^cd    Catalogue    mailed    free. 

NgRgKRIEsf  Ellv^Cinger  &  Barry  R«:l.e.i«.  ll,Y. 


3  DOZEN  HEWSTRAWBERRIESforgl.OO. 
■^^"■^^~  post-paid.     Circular  and    price-list   of 
Jn'ooaSS^'i  and  vee;euble  plants,  free.    COLD   rRAME 


CABBAGE  for  shlppiUK  8.inTh „...„,„  , 

specialty.     I.  d:  L.  LKONARD,  lonu,  iNew  Jersey. 


Cranberr.v  plants  a 


■TRAWBERRIES 


c: 

yS  AndotherCHOICE  SMALL   FRUITS. 

GREENHOUSE  AND  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

SEE  lULCSTRATED  f'A TALOGUE,  FREE. 

GEO.  L  MILLER,  '"s"T'i56'K7oV;'^tf,^?* 


PEAR'AND  OTHER  TREES. 

NEW  BERRIES  (r^HI?) 

WAY  KINC  STRAVBERRY. 
MARLBORO  RASPbFRRY. 

mU  CLUSTER  mtl'^^k 

JOHH  8.  CBLLIHS,  Mooratlown,  New  imvt. 

MONEY  IN  POTATOES. SSS?-SEs~:?.#S;tt 

•  '   •-..  .-.-nl.  each.     Prioe,  50  oent3.    Order  at  Once.    AddreM  PAIUI  AN»  C.\KDEN,  pi.iw,  Iphit    "  •  "" 


STRAWBERRIES.    TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS. 

AY  KING  lor  tke   BEST  EARLY      rnNT«l,TVTri%     ^Vi  rVT^^^t^Ty     "  ,   r->:~''l±^l'=yi 


(tUEEN  IM  LATE.  IVach  Trees  bv  th^  loO  &  1000 
Calaltgnc  uol  Eree.       SAMUEL  C.  OeCOU.  Mooreitawo  N  J 


GRAPE  VINES  and  SSIALL  FRUITS. 

Heavy  8tool£,  Crreat  Variety,  Low  Prloes,  Free  Csta- 
loeue.  J.  JENKINS,  Winona,  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio. 


OUR  NEW  KNIFE!  OilNE  IT! 

Iiarse  blade,  extra  strong;  2  pen  blades; 

I    undo  compact ;  clean  cut- 

I     I.    ••€!(;»•«:     smooth     linndie; 

*  l"aiif«'*l  blades,  pent  po.st-pala 
lor  M.OO ;  six  tor  $.5.00.  Tins  is 
—  the  best  knile  for  the  price 

we  have  ever  shown  here. 
Gent's  fine  :S»blado  pen- 
kniie  $1.00:  It-blade 
iack-knU'e,  50  c.  Ladies' ». 
ma<le,  .'SOc.  Hunting  krltb 
$1.  I'ruiiing  knite,  Iftl. 
4S-pa!re  list  free :  also, 
'*How  to  Use  a  Bazor,';' 


We  tamestly  demre  a  club  from  even/  fruit  grower 
mn*eo/uumer  in  the  United  States,     lou.  we  one. 

As  we  promised  in  our  July  number  to  give  a 
aewH-lption  of  a  quince  of  recent  introduction,  we 
Jl'*'J,f '*®  *  ""'■  •"  '•'>«'  qulneo  and  a  description  of 
*;  J.'^^K^?'^  ^  introduced  by  Rev.W.W.  Meech. 
of  Vinelafld,  N.  J.  Mr.  Meech  does  not  claim  t^ 
hare  originated  this  new  quince,  but  found  it 
.  growing  on  a  lot  in  Vlneland,  and  does  not  know 
where  it  originated.  The  tree  being  such  au 
abundant  bearer  or  dne  large  and  fragrant  quin- 
eee,  attracted  his  attention,  and  he  at  once  begun 
to  «uUivato  it  for  market.  The  quality  of  tlie 
O-ttlt  being  so  superior,  and  tlie  market  so  ready, 
Mr.  Meech  engiiged  largely  in  its  cultivation,  to 
ihe  e.'cclusion  of  all  other  varieties,  and  now  has 
One  of  the  flnast  and  most  productive  quince 
orchards  in  the  State.  The  great  drawbturk  In 
QtUnee  growing  is  that  the  quinc*  is  so  tardy  in 
be»nng,  this  is  true  of  most  quinces.  Meech's 
new  quince  ditfers  from  the  others  in  being  a 
remarkably  early  bearer,  and  will  bear  in  two  or 
thi-ee  yeo,rs  from  cuttings.  Tr<es  bear  at  once, 
and  are  much  more  prolific  than  any  known  vari- 
••y.  while  the  quality  Is  very  superior. 

we  have  so  much  faith  in  the  Meech's  Proltfle 
qmiuoci,  that  we  offer  It  as  a  premium.  See  our 
jpreaalom  offer. 

We  shaU  try  to  makf'  thvt  pa^e  of  g-feat  value  to 
mry  frviU,  grower.  Worth  more  each  number  than 
J*e  subtrripllon  price,  and  each  number  wiU  pay  a 
»*g  dividend  on  a  tS  cent  inA)estmenl,  AUfnrt$cetUs 
Aa  u*«ir»,  gentlemen.  Walk  in,  and  bring  the  netoh- 
'»»rt  tUBtiitu. 


THE  CRARGCR  FABIILY  FirriT  AND  VEGETABLE 

EVAPORATORS. 

; ,-  JS.-'JO.  $6.00.   ANO   ftlO.OO. 

'^  [    g^nd  Itir  circular.  EASTERN  MANU- 

fACT'e  CO..  268  S.  FIHti  St.  Phlla. 


-jAow  lo   use  a  nsLZor,' 

niSHER  &  GROSH, 

76  Summit  St..  Toledo.  0. 


ROOT  GRAFTS. 

APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  CHERRY,Etc. 

Addreas  PHSENIX  &  EMERSON.  BloomlngtOD.  IM. 


MAULE'SglggI 


Get  Catalogue  of  T     V.    IVfUNSON'S 

ponlson.  Texas.  NFIt.'^FRlES.  Critiiullv  s.-lf-.ned 
FRUITS.  ShADES,  EWERCREENS.  ar.d  ORNflMEHTai.  SHRUBS. 
2.'i'll'»'7,^'"''"''"  GRflPE.  MARIANNA  PLUM,  JAPAN  PER. 
SIMMONS,  DIABOHO  WILLOW,  and  older  valuable  .oveltiw. 


No  T'l'me  llfcc  »ie  oreh^ird  for  poultry.     Sge  JohMon  a  adv.  op  p.  18. 


CANHOT  BE  SURPASSED. 


New  catalogne  for  \x<\  free  to  all.     EestpubliBhed.  You 

li'inWM  L?!;pvJJ?.!.'y^!!,I,°f,".''i™i """«"''"  a  postal  lof 
"  "  "W-  HENRY  MAULE,  liS-ISI  S.  Frodt  St..  Phila,  Pa 


2  000  000  STRAWBERRY 
lOOOOOQR'^SPBERRY 

RoHdos  an  immense  stock  of  Fmlt  Treen,  RiiR»Ian  JUuIbcnTW 
Kllburn  ond  Wa|rer  Peiuh,  BlackberrUm  tirapet^  Ae. 
iatuloinic  Free.  I'urdyV  Fruit  Kceorder  from  Stnt  .  IWM. 
to  Dec..  1885,  for  only   One   Ii..llar.     I'lirdyV   Small   Fruit  !■• 

Htruotor,  tells  all  about  planting,  growing;,  marketitiR,  etc  lor  only 
■lo  cenUs  ;  cloth  covers,  40  ctiiit*.  Splendid  Tv>rniM  lo  Ctuh  Agenli 
and  those  who  wish  to  sell  our  utock.  See  our  CataioRne  hefure  buy. 
tng  elsewhere,  and  send  u^  a  list  of  what  you  want,  with  number  •! 
each,  for  us  to  price.  Sdirlhoro  raspJ-erry.  50  cents  each  ;  $5.00  ptt 
dr.7,n        ^,     M,     PURDY,    Palmyra,  Aew   Vort. 


A]9o  other  Small  Froita.  and  all. 


.t»-iOTj  uLuisr  uuiau  *■  irriibH,  una  HJI 

old  and   new  Torietiesoi 

*  rape  a.    Extra  Qimlity.   War- 

nteatrue.  Cheap  Ly  mai].  Low 


irapea.    Extra  Qimlity. 
ranteatrue.  Cheap  Lv  maL.  ..„„ 
rate  to  deaJere,    Aseuts  \rajited. 


HEADOrARTERSl 

for  NIAGARA,   iiowl 
offered   without    restric-  1 
tiona  to  planters  for  flrst  ' 
time.    8yr.  vines.  m«l. 
02  each.    None  geouina 
vithoui  aeol  *^NIafera 
White  Grape   Co.** 
Special  Terms  {«  Ageota, 


Oenertl  AgBnt  ftr  the  NEW  WHITE  flBAPB 

"""AGARA 


5 


lUf  Js^^^^T  STOCK  m 
Iliufritr&t^'d  Cstalujruo  FREE. 


THE   FARM  AND   GARDEN 


Give  your  wife  and 
d<n/(//ifers  help  iii  the 
Jloivcr  garden.  A  bcan- 
tiful  home  ix  one  of  the 
delights  of  thecountri/. 

A  well-kept  Jiowcr 
garden  and  a  well-till- 
ed field  should  alwaus 
be  twin  children  of  the 
farm. 


The  Nioht-Bloom- 
ING  Cebeuh. 
Our  talks  about  the 
Cereus  and  Cactus 
seem  to  have  awak- 
ened quite  an  inter- 
est in  these  curious 
plant*;,  anrl  the  de- 
uiand  for  (Jereus  ha^ 
been  very  extensive 
of  late.  True  enough, 
this  niiiht  bloomer 
will  ixive  anyone  sat- 
isfartion  if  It  only 
prodiu'fs  one  flower. 
Soinr  pi'ople  seem  to 
he  unable  to  do  any- 
thin-:  with  It,  while 
otliers  liave  no 
trouble  at  all  in 
blooming  it,  as  may 
be  seen  by  our  illus- 
tration, which  ropre- 
scnts  a  Iwd-yeur-old 
plant,  from  a  cutting, 
wlileh  has  two  »>i>en 
flowers  and  buds.  Yet, 
every  bud,  even  if  large, 
will  not  expan<l.  Often 
for  some  unur<()uulable 
cause,  they  will  shrivel  up 
and  drop  off.  Some  say  It 
is  on  ao<ount  of  the  hot 
sun,  and  this  we  can  hardly 
believe,  as  one  would  su|>- 
linsf  they  must  g«'t  plenty 
of  it  in  their  Uiitivo  clime. 
rStill.  as  this  Cereus  is  really 
'a  climber  anioug  under- 
gi-owth,  it  Is  possible  that  it  is 
much  shaded  by  sur- 
rounding leaves. 
As  we  have  said  be- 
fore, they  arc  very  ea-sy 
to  grow,  and  to  propa- 
gate. A  cutting,  no  mat- 
ter how  small,  if  placed 
in  a  small  pot  tilled 
with  sand,  will  root 
very  quickly.  When 
a  sitU^shoot  begins  to 
form,  it  may  be  shift- 
ed int<»  a  somewhat 
larger  pot  (three 
Inchvs  is  plenty 
J^.-ge), filled  with  good,  rich,  porous  soil,  contain- 
ing oue-tlilrd  manure,  sora,o  coarse  sand,  and 
^'*me  bits  of  lime  or  stone.  Then  set  ii  In  a 
Hiinuy  place,  and  during  summer  water  regularly. 
If  planted  out  in  the  warmest  part  of  the  garden 
i*-  \^\\  grow  more  vigorously  than  In  a  pot,  but 
the  roots  will  suffer  scmiewhat  when  taken  up 
In  the  fall.  After  i  )ctol>er.  water  should  be  gradu- 
pjly  withhcld.iind  the  ulant  kept  in  the  sunniest 
v^ndow  at  hand,  in  order  to  well  ripen  the  wood. 
As  soon  as  the  days  begin  to  len«;then,  watering 
may  be  commenced  again,  and  if  your  plant  is 
Strong  enough,  buds  will  almost  immediately 
•  Kpi>;ar.  After  they  are  large  enough,  cover  them 
t3^i  with  a  small  paper  funnel,  it  cannot  do  them 
fr-ny  harm  and  may  protect  them  from  the  scorch- 
ing sun. 

At  flrat  the  buds  will  not  grow  very  fast,  but, 
V'hen  nearinj'  maturity  it  is  astonishing  what 
fiTowth  they  will  make  in  a  day. 

They  always  create  a  sensation  when  in  bloom, 
on  account  of  the  magnificent  large  flower,  which 
Will  often  measure  twelve  and  fifteen  inches 
tt;ross.  It  Is  also  very  interesting  to  see  the 
fTower  exjiand.  one  can  really  see  it  move  like  a 
)iving  being.    The  perfume  is  delicious. 

If  one  flower  gives  such  delight,  what  must  it 
lie  when  a  single  plant  is  cover*=^d  with  dozens 
Of  thorn.  A  gardener  near  Germantown  had  as 
many  as  fifty  flowers  open  at  one  time.  What  a 
eight  this  must  have  been.  The  fact  of  its  bloom- 
ing in  the  evening,  when  most  v^eopb-  are  resting 
from  theirdays  work  is  another  desirable  feature. 
You  may  call  your  friends  and  neighbors  in  and 
0ve  them  an  agreeable  surprise. 

Beldom  indeed,  will  a  plant  bloom  the  first  year, 
tut  It  is  nuite  common  to  have  the\-i  in  bloom 
fhe  second.  Those,  who  have  greenhouses  may 
I  lant  it  in  the  ground  without  fear,  for,  although 


it  is  recommended  to  keep  them  in  comparatively 
small  pots,  and  not  repot  them  often,  we  know  of 
several  instances  where  they  did  ever  so  much 
better  planted  inside  of  the  greenhouse  and  run 
close  to  the  glass. 

We  offer  strong  rooted  cuttings  In  our  premium 
list,  that  if  cut  in  three  pieces,  would  soon  make 
three  good  plants.  A  two  inch  cutting  will  really 
do  just  as  well  as  an  eight  inch  one;  and  three 
cuttings  in  one  pot  will  sooner  make  a  fine  speci- 
men, tnan  a  .single  long  cutting. 

Some  years  ago.  and  even  now,  the  plant  is 
used  for  some  medicinal  purpose,  and  a  very  high 

f)rice  per  pound  is  paid  for  it,  as  high  as  ten  doi- 
ars  we  are  told. 

Dahlias. 

We  have  now  several  classes  of  Dahlias:  the 
large  growers,  the  dwarfs,  and  the  new  single 
varieties  which  are  much  prized  at  present.  We 
give  an  illustration  of  both  double  and  single 
varieties.  The  large  growing  kind  should  oe 
grown  where  they  can  have  plenty  of  room  to 
spread  themselves  in.  The  dwarfs  make  fine 
beds  in  the  lawn.  The  single  varieties  are  now 
really  jnoro  popular  than  the  double,  and 
are  used  much  for  forcing  during  winter, 
when  they  are  very  valuable.  They  are 
of  great  brilliancy  of  color,  and  fine  stately 
habit,  and  make  beautiful  nlants  for 
sightly  places.  We  liave  no  liower  that 
surpasses  the  Dahlia  in  mag- 
nificence of  color, 'and  a 
well-grown  lot  is  a  splendid 
Sight  in  the  early  fnll.  If 
care  is  taken  to  start  them 
early  and  keep  them  well 
supplli^d  w  i  t  h  water  and 
rlcii  food  throughout  the 
summer,  there  need  be  no 
failure  with  them.  Our  il- 
lustrations show  the  llowers  much  re- 
duced In  size.  Double  Dahlias  will  often 
measure  four  inches  across,  and  single 
ones  five.  Kveryhody  who  has  a  garden 
should  plant  them. 

Plants  i-ok  J{.\><a.N*o  Baskets. 

AVe  have  »>flen  mentioned  plants  suit^ 
able  for  growing  in   hanging  baskets,  we 
have  icit  out  several  of  the  bewt,  for  as- 
suredly  nothing    can    be  finer  or    better 
adapted   for  furnishing    hanging  basket.s 
than  Uollisson's  unique  relargonium,  the 
habit  of  which  leaves   nothing  to  be  de- 
sired, as  it  trails  <tver  in  the  most  graceful 
manner    possible,  iind    flowers   profuse 
when  suspended  and  exposed,  as  it  then 
is,  to  plenty  of  light,  which  hardens  and  matures 
the  growth.    The  elfect  it  produces  in  baskets  Is 
greatly    heightened  by  mixlnr  with  it  a  plant  or 
two  of  the  white  Ivy-leaf  or     -etter  still,    L'Elo- 
gante,  the  contrast   bet  ween     le  two  colors  being 
very  pleasing,  as  tiiey  blend  and  a«.sociatc  so  well 
too:etlier. 

Next,  perhfips,  in  point  of  merit  to  the  above 
nariied  Pi  largoniums  nvv  Achlmenesof  dlficrent 
kinds,  which  in  glohubir-shaped  baskets  are  very 
beautiful,  as  they  may  be  so  distributed  and 
grown  in  them  as  to  cover  every  portion,  and 
form  a  perfect  mass  of  bloom.  These  baskets 
may  be  easily  made  by  any  ordinary  handy  man 
if  he  is  supplied  with  stout  galvanized  wire,  from 
which  the  frame  can  first  be  formed,  and  then 
the  wire  run  round  spirally  about  one  inch  or  so 
apart  until  the  basket  is  finished,  shapeable  like 
a  bird's  nest,  when  by  laying  moss  around  the 
sides  it  may  be  at  once  filled  with  soil  and  fur- 
nished with  Achlmenes.     These  can  readily  be 


inserted  regularly  over  by  making  holes  with  tha 
finger  or  a  small  dibble,  but  the  plant  must  bo 

fiut  in  when  started  or  struck  from  cuttings,  as 
hen  they  have  few  roots  and  sufter  hut  little 
check  through  the  disturbance  they  undergo. 
For  growing  Achimenes  in  this  way  peat  is  uie 
best  soil,  or  a  mixture  of  that  and  half-rotten 
Moss  answers  perfectly,  as  does  also  leaf-mould, 
and  the  latter  with  a  little  loam,  the  Moss  being 
desirable  on  account  of  its  sponge-like  nature  for 
holdingandretaining  water,  of  which  Achimenes 
when  fiowering,  require  liberal  supplies,  and 
always  suffer  materially  if  allowed  to  get  dry. 
Many  of  the  fragile  or  procumbent  Fuchsias  are 
also  grand  for  baskets,  as  their  pendent  flowers 
can  always  be  seen  to  the  greatest  advantage 
when  the  plants  are  elevated ;  and  then,  again, 
there  are  tuberous  and  other  Begonia*  thai 
alway  look  somewhat  stitT  and  uncomfortable 
in  pot  where  they  have  to  be  staked  up  and  tied, 
but  wi  ich  bang  naturally  and  gracefully  over 
the  sides  of  btiskets  and  need  no  support.  Single 
Petunias,  too,  are  equally  at  home,  and  are  gor- 
geously beautiful. 

Another  plant  we  can  specially  recommend  for 
the.se  is  Convolvulus  minor,  the  blue  of  which  la 
uit^  unrivalled,  and  as  the  blooms  are  the  same 
ape  and  size  of  some  of  the  Petunias,.the  two 
may  be  shown  togetlier,  when  this  Is  done,  use 
white  or  light  sorts  of  retuuias. 


qui 

StU' 


NIGHT- ff  BLOOMING  CEREUS  £: 


di'Hlrable 
rIouM  v.ii.11  Q(it 
Wfll-roo  ted, 
t  r  a  t  ert  Qower, 
Wu  eii-c  thcxe  on 
Accept    the 


iV 


The   oddent,    most 

autlful,  euftiesC 

own.    and    moAt 

r  ofl'i-i'i'tl.     AlmoHt  Indc-Mtruptlble.    C'n* 

Tn  Itlooml   xtrlklns  In  llowcr  >i'i'l  *w».-ct  \n  perfume.     \\ «  offer 

Btrimc  planiM,  -iimliir  iM    ili>     ..ti.'    In.m    w  hich  w  as  prwvi  n    oar  illBB- 

flret'  hy  niitit,  lor  u  club  of  -1   ••ubiM>rlb«;ni   at  2I>  oent«  e«oh< 

no  other  tfrmpt,  :»n'i  cvcr>    flowtr-lovcr   who  tMuAh  Uii*  ehoold 

offer.     I>u  I)  uiid  you  H  III  not  regret  It. 

I  In  addition  to  these  we  may  mention  Forenla 
Asiatiea,  which  makes  a  very  pretty  trailing 
plani,  with  purple  velvety  flowers.  It  can  be 
propiiiiated  extensively  by  cuttings  inserted  In 
sand,  or  grown  from  seed.  Many  make  a  mis- 
take hy  putting  too  many  varieties  in  one  basket. 
There  are  some  plants  that  will  bear  crowding, 
others  that  will  not.  Then,  there  is  a  diflerence 
in  plants  as  to  the  amount  of  water  they  require. 
otlionna  <_^riu;sifolia,  for  instance,  is  a  fine  plant 
for  l);iskets,  even  if  planted  alone,  but  too  much 
water  and  shade  will  cause  the  leaves  to  rot,  and 
the  plant  will  lose  most  of  its  beauty.  Avoid 
this  trouble  and  you  will  be  gieatly  pleased  with 
it.  If  an  Aloe  be  planted  in  the  centre  of  the 
baKket  with  it,  it  will  improve  the  looks  very 
much.  The  Fradescantlas  are  neat  trailing 
plants,  and  four  varieties  planted  t<)gether,  form 
a  flue  basket.  This  plant  will  stand  ail  the  water 
you  have  a  mind  to  give.  Vineas,  of  which  there 
are  various  sorts,  do  well:  but  are  somewhat 
slower,  and  most  people  want  basket  plants  to 
fill  It  in  a  few  weeks.  In  large  baskets  we  have 
seen  Coleus,  Maurandla  Barclay  ana,  Oxalis.Smi- 
lax  and  other  plants  growing  to  g^ether,  and  they 
made  fine  specimens.  Begonia  Glaucaphaylla 
Scandens,  when  in  bloom,  is  another  good  sub- 
ject, and  will  give  a  profusion  of  waxy-pink 
flowers,  lapting  a  long  time. 

HV  ahoa}is  pay  a  great  attention  to  the  ladieSy/or 
we  lielieve  they  deserve  it.  And  we  shall  try  to  get 
that  husband  of  thHrs  to  take  with  thetn  an  interest 
in  thefloit^er  gard^n.for  no  hmnf-  can  be  as  pleasant 
at  a  floral  and  rural  home.  While  thinking  of  your 
flowers^  think  of  i.:,  and  show  by  a  fine  club  of  «46- 
scribers,  what  the  ladies  can  do. 


Best  Roses  are  the  Cheapest.  "I'lo'^Se^lTor'" 

It.  UEKD,  Chanibersburc,  Pn. 


WJI. 


SEEDS 


Fresh  nnd  reliable,  from  2  cts.  a  packet 
up.  S trial  packets  Flower  Seed    '" 
.Vpkts.  VeKetnble  Seeils  10  ct», 


logue  and  sample  pkt.  free.    J.  J. 


Flower  !4eed8  10c. 
SeeilslOcls.  Cata- 
BCLL,  WINDSOR,  N.  V. 


14  for  81.00  ^^NOPO  l»I  Qunllt]  onlyt 
6    "         ..'50  »<lJ!Sf"^'«">-»""    ''lanl.    a. 

3     "  .-iA  ■■  ^^  «'l^^' equlillj    low    prices. 

THOMAS  E.  HAROLD,   XlDoitoD.  Somerael  Co..  Manland. 


BULBS!        BULBS! 

BE.ST  niPOKTED  A?JD  II0.1IE  (JROWN. 

ALSO  SEEDS  ^OR  FALL  SOWING 

And  Plants  for  Winter  Blooming. 

Price-list  FREE.    A.  C.  SPALDING.  JINSW.RTH.  JOWA. 

10,000  STRAWBERRY^ PLANTS  TOR^SIS 

ALIi  THE  NEW  VARIETIES.    Send  for  price-llsl 
to  E.  VAN    ALLEN.  Belhlthem  Centra,  Niw  York. 


EARLIEST  OF  All  FULTON  MARKET  TOMATO. 

It  Is  smooth,  solid,  medium  sizi\  luislit  red  color  and 

very  prolific    For  market  gardeners'  use.  it  has  no  rival. 

Price  25  ctii.  per  packet.     F.    E.    McALI-ISTER. 

89  and  SI  FULTON  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


_■  ORNAIVIENTAU  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  MAILED  ON  APPI.ICATIOH, 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &.  SONS. 

Rtdxe  ind  Lehlnb  Aveouu.  Pblladtlpkli,  Pi. 


Practical  PonltryBoet  I  ^ 

joo  pages;     beautiful  colored 
K-ATE;    envrravines  of  nearly  ftU 
I   kinds  of  fov-ls;     plans  for  poultry 
L  houses;  how  to  caponize;    informa- 
tion about  incubators.     Description* 
of  the    breeds,   and  where    to  buy 
k  them.    Et,'gs  frombeststoclcat  Ji.e» 
I  per  SLttint;.     Book  sent  for  icicnis. 

Associated  fanciers 


\rv  y.'s>'\-/v\-A-A/vysAy  v<5 


Hybrid  CLEMATIS. 

The  most  Beautiful  of  nil  HARDY  CLIltinlNG 
PLANTS.  Strona;  Roots  can  t>e  seni  safely  by 
mail.     Send   for  our  liluslraled  Catalogue. 

JOSEPH  KIFT,  West  Chester.  Pa. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


Select  your  varieties  now,  at  your  ea^e,  by  your 
p-eHde.  Plant  them  in  the  spring  early.  Do  your 
thinking  now,  and  your  planting  then. 

Se^idfor  the  seedsmen  s  catalogues'  and  read  them. 
There  w  always  something  to  be  learned. 


Single  Dahlia, 
a   fine  show  of  dahlias. 


WTien  we  wrote  the  article  on  pajie  six  concern- 
ing Dahlias,  we  did  not  expect  to  say  more  about 
them  so  soon,  but  we  feel  tnat  the  subject  merits 
this  muoli  more  attention. 

Years  ago  we  used  to  regard  dahlias  as  the  most 
popular  tlower  for  the  garden.  Of  lat«  years  we 
have  not  seen  so  much  of  them,  for  a  great  many 
persons  have  made  up  their  minds  from  repeated 
failures  with  it,  that  it  is  an  unsatisfactory  plant, 
Bimply  because  one  season  it  may  do  well,  and 
the  next  fail.  Now,  Dahlias  may  be  grown  very 
successfully  every  year,  if  two  tilings  are  attended 
to.  The  first  is  to  start  the  plant  into  growth 
early  in  the  spring,  after  having  bought  good 
stock  from  a  reliable  dealer.  Tlie  Dahlia  requires 
a  long  season  of  growth,  longer  than  our  brief 
northern  summer  atTords,  and  unless  we  can  give 
it  about  a  month  more  of  growth  than  it  will  be 
likely  to  get  if  we  pot  it  out  in  the  open  ground 
at  once,  we  need  not  be  surprised  if  it  fails  to  i)ro- 
duce  a  good  crop  of  flowers  before  frosty  weather 
comes.  After  frost  we  can  expect  nothing,  for  it 
Is  very  easily  injured.  Therefore,  to  prolong  it^ 
season,  we  must  start  the  tubers  in  the  house 
early  in  March.  By  the  time  the  ground  has 
become  warm,  we  will  have  plants  a  foot  or  more 
In  height.  Always  break  the  tubers  apart  when 
putting  them  in  pots  or  boxes  to  start.  One  tuber 
makes  as  good  a  piant  as  half  a  dozen ;  then,  after 
setting  the  plants  out,  care  must  be  taken  that 
they  do  not  suffer  from  drought,  for  they  require 
plenty  of  moisture,  and  one  reason  why  we  nave 
good  plants  one  year,  and  poor  ones  next  Is,  that 


NEW 
SEEDS 


SENO  YOUR  NAME  NOW  I 
forourGAKDEN  and  FARM  I 
I»IANUA1<  for  1883.  PubUshedl 
Jan.  Iflt.  Ouetomers  of  laat  year  I 
need  not  write  for  it.  tSS^Addiess  I 
JOHNSON  &   STOKES,! 

Seed  Growers,        Fhllftdelphla,  Pa. 


SEEDS 


I  Oar  Annual    Tllastrated    Catalogoe  of  Field, 
Garden,  and  Flower  Seed**,  ready  now.  ni:iili^l 
;fpe*  upon  application^  Southern  Seed  Co., 
bJ>0.  K.  ELLIS,  Manager,  Macon,  Go. 


DflCCC  By  MAIL  4for50c. 

KUOtO  l2for$l.o.«PiyAm, 

WM.  B.  REED,  CHAiMBERSBURG,  PENNA. 


one  season  is  wet  and  the  other  dry.  If  you 
have  been  observant  you  will  recollect  that 
your  old  Dahlias  did  well  when  there  was  a 

food  deal  of  rain,  and  the  reverse,  when 
here  was  but  little.  Always.'givi-  your 
plants  all  the  soapsuds  from  washday,  and 
in  hot,  drying  weather,  make  a  mulch  about 
the  plants  from/graas  clippings  from  the 
lawn.  Dahlias  are  gross  feeders,  and  must 
have  a  very  rich  soli  if  you  expect  them 
to  do  their  best.  It  must  be  dog  to  a  depth 
of  at  least  afoot  and  a  half,  and  should  be 
kept  mellow.  Stakes  must  be  set  about 
each  plant  to  tie  the  branches  to,  as  they 
are  very  brittle  and  break  off  easily. 
Grasses  and  Dried  Flowers. 
Those  who  have  never  seen  the  beautiful 
grasses  that  are  cultivated  by  the  florist  and 
dyed  with  so  much  care  and  skill,  have  no 
idea  of  how  much  more  attractive  a  room 
can  be  made  at  very  small  expense.  A  plain 
room,  decorated  with  some  of  these  grasses, 
with  a  mingling  of  everlasting  flowers,  can 
be  made  a  constant  source  of  pleasure  dur- 
ing the  dreary'winter  season.  A  few  stately 
Pampas  plumes,  in  beautiful  colors,  and  a 
few  bright  everlasting  flowers  with  some 
of  the  graceful  feather  grass,  placed  in  a 
pair  of  large  vases  on  a  mantel,  and  home 
grasses  gathered  during  pleasant  walks  in 
lat€  sumnner  time,  with  a  small  mixture  ol 
colored  sea  oats  among  them,  will  make  at- 
tractive the  plainest  apartment.  The  Agros- 
tis.  too,  for  small  vases,  and  o*,her  small 
varieties  deserve  honorable  mention. 
A  Bunch  of  Baltimore  Belles.  {Climbing 
JioatS). 
If  we  look  around  in  gardens  where  a 
warmer  climate  and  more  constant  sun 
brings  out  luxurious  growth  in  many  things, 
we  see  such  arcades,  bowers,  pillars,  and  climbing 
masses  of  beautiful  roses  on  all  sides  as  makes 
one  discontented  with  our  beautiful  individual 
blooms,  and  the  absence  from  our  gardens  of  these 
luxuriant  musses  that  neither  require  nor  obtain 
any  special  care  whatever  from  one  year's  end  to 
the  other.  If,  as  is  only  too  true,  the  varieties  of 
the  Rose  that  produce  such  glorious  effects  in 
foreign  gardens,  are  not  hardy  enough  for  us, 
why  do  we  not  try  to  raise  new  varieties  that 
shall  resist  our  cold  and  changeable  seasons. 
Surely  there  is  choice  enough  of  species  and  vari- 
eties in  a  plant  that  ranges,  one  may  say,  all  over 
the  world,  among  which  wt-  may  tind  something 
that  shall  be  the  parent  of  hardy  climbing  varie- 
ties, as  beautiful  in  our  climate  :is  the  Noisette 
and  Indica  Major  roses  are  in  the  south  of 
France  and  elsewhere,  Baltimore  Belle  and  the 
many  varieties  of  H.  T.  Roses  that  have  lately 
been  raised  are  all  good  in  their  way,  but  they 
demand  good  soil  and  space  for  themselves. 
When  it  is  a  warm  wall  that  needs  clothing,  then 


Do  ynu  ^vant  to  eai^iily  help  uh  without  nii^  coMt 
to  >ourselff  We  hope  you  do.  and  this  in  ihi* 
^vay  in  which  yon  cau  do  it.  Whenever  you  send 
an  order  or  iTrite  lor  n.  catalogue  to  un  adver- 
tiser, say  you  na.w  the  nd.  in  the  Fm m  and  <>nr- 
den.  He  ^vill  then  give  us  credit  tor  hnving 
brought  him  a  ruNtomer-  n^hich  u  ill  help  uh.  Do 
this  and  w^e  will  Ihunk  you. 


Double  Dahlla. 


It  is  that  the  Banksian  or  various  hybndfl  of 
Noisette  and  Tea  Roses  may  be  used.  Now  let  nji 
advise  our  readers  to  prepare  a  good  piece  ol 
ground  near  their  front  porch  and  as  soon  as  the 
soil  is  ready  for  it,  to  plant  at  least  a  half  a  dozen 
of  fine  climbing  roses  of  various  colors.  They 
will  take  good  care  of  themselves  if  pruned  when 
they  need  It,  and  a  covering  of  manure  be  given 
them  annually,  and  dozens  of  fine  clusters  of 
flowers  may  be  cut  from  them  weekly, — ^yet, 
daUy. 

House  plants,  well  cared  for,  are  an  ornament 
to  the  farm  house ;  and  give  a  cheerful  look  to  the 
winter  fireside.  To  keep  them  well  requires  care; 
and  no  class  of  plants  repay  care  better.  The 
green  coior  of  foliage,  so  much  admired  by  all,  is 
given  to  plants  by  Ammonia.  This  can  be  easily 
supplied  by  taking  a  little  manure  and  soaking 
it  in  water  and  allow  it  to  settle,  and,  when  clea^ 
wet  tiie  soil  very  moderately  with  it.  Little  and 
often  is  the  best. 

Everyone  should  read  the  Rose  offer  on  page  8,  ond 
tfir  Xiglil'Il looming  Cereus  on  page  6, 

Our  requests  to  frubtcribfrs^  though  sometimes  in  a 
humorous  strain,  are  intended  by  us  to  produce  a 
real  effect,  and  we  are  soberly  in  earnest  in  energetic 
cally  pushing  our  business.  Therefore  let  it  b9 
understood  that  we  sincerely  desire  your  aid  <n 
building  ujy  our  circulation  in  ycmr  neighborhood. 


OUR  NEW  DEPflfiTURE  IN  THE  SEED  TRADE. 

_,^_.  .^^  .^^  ^^^m^  in  postage  stamps  or  mon- 
rnn  ^^3  m\  I^^r^  *^'  ^^'^  ^^*  ^^°"  poslpald 
Plln  a^E  M  Ul  Ah  bv  mail  one  packet  each  of 
■  ^^B*  ^^  ^^  ^^  ■  ^^*  the  fullowing  varieties  of 
vuluable  new  ganlen  an<i  fluwer  seei'ln.  TheValparaiso  (Squa»h« 
:i  native  of  8oiUb  Amerii-a,  the  must  productive  aud  valuable 
(jua-sh  io  cultivation  either  for  cooking  or  feeding  purposes. 
J>argeRize,  excellent  quality.  We  raised  the  past  season  2000 
large  sqiiaslies.  over  thirty  tons  per  acre,  equal  to  three  hun- 
dred hiisinis  shelled  corn  for  feeding  purposes.  New  Scaly- 
Bark  Watermelon,  extra  large,  thin  rind*  sweet  and  delicious, 
k<'ep3  nil  C'h^i3tma^s.  Lazywives  Reans,  admitted  by  all  to 
he  the  best  t>ean  that  ETows.  TVew  Silver  Ball  Onion,  growi 
3-lb.  onions  from  seed  first  year.  The  Cardinal  Tomato,  larg« 
size,  smooth  as  an  apple,  solid,  and  extra  fine  flavor.  Japanes* 
Nest  Kes  fiourd,  beautiful  and  useful  for  nest  egcs.  a  rapid 
climber  and  easily  grown.  ;J  packets  choice  flower  seeds,  beauti- 
ful mixed  colors, "retailinp  for  10  cts.  per  packet;  in  all  IQ  ruLt 
SIZE  PACKETS  FOR  30  CTS..  or  'i  collections  for  50  cts.  and  two 
names.  Our  beautiful  illiwirated  seed  catalocue  arrompanfei 
each  order.  CAMIiri  Ufll  CflM  >"<!  Grower,  MechaBlctvHIi. 
Address         dnIflULU  niUOUn,     Bucki  County,  FeoQ»»l«Dta. 


BIG 


TlT'TJTJT'U'C  '"^''  lotxofth^mi  can  be  grown 
JjXiJXXtXlliO  If  you   loirow  our  method. 

100  belt  varlettei  cheap,  by  mail  or  express. 
Free  Cataioyue.  HALE  BROS.,  So.  Glastonbary,  Ct. 


SIBLEY'S 

Seeds 

tir  SEND  for  onr  rLLUSTRATED  und  OE. 
8CB1PTITE  CATALOSUE  of  Q  B  B  n  C 
Teeetable,  Flower,  and  Flold  OECit^O 
^1  A  M*rO  Bl'LBS  FLOKI8T8'  SUP- 
rl_An  I  O  PLIE8  and  IMPLEMENTS 
of  ALL  KINDS,  mailed  FKEE  on  applleatlon. 

HIRAM  SIBLEY&CO. 


SOOUESTEB,  N.  Y. 

t2a.SS«  K.  Bala  8i. 


CHICAGO,  1LI>. 

1!OU..'OG  Randolph  SI. 


A  beautlftil  work  of  150  pages.  Colored  Plate,  and  1000  lllustx»* 
tiouH.  with  descriptions  of  the  best  Flowers  and  Vegetables, 
prices  of  Seeds  and  Plants,  and  how  to  grow  them.  Printed  In 
English  and; German.  Price,  only  10c.,  which  may  be  dedacted 
from  first  order.  It  tells  what  you  want  for  the  garden,  and  how 
to  get  It,  instead  of  running  to  the  grocery  at  the  last  moment  to 
buy  whatever  seeds  happen  to  be  left  over,  meeting  disappointment  after  weeks  of  waiUnc 


FlL®iM,§ilJ©i 


BUY  ONLY  VICK'S  SEEDS  AT  HEADQUARTERS. 


VICK'S  ILLUSTRATED  MONTHLY  MAGAZINE, 

32  paces,  a  Colored  Plate  in  every  number,  and  many  fine  engravings.  Price,  tU* 
a  year:  five  copies  for  ?5.00;  Bpeclmin  numbers,  10  cents;  three  trial  copies,  25  cent*. 
We  will  send  to  any  address  VICK'S  MAGAZINE,  and  anyone  of  the  followln* 

Eublicatlons  at  the  prices  named  below— really  two  maaazires  at  the  price  of  on«y- 
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VICK'S  FLOWER  AND  VEGETABLE  GARDEN, 

110  oagti,  iln  coloreil  plitei,  nearlj  tOOO  enofivlngi.  11.25.  in  elegant  cloth  coverm. 


8 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


IxlYB   SiFOGI^. 


Oood  eheUer^  even  wotrring  and  /r-edinfj,  tciih 
lUndness  alwat/s  paj^s  on  live  stock,  Tfeyleei  is  al- 
wqy/s  xinprojifaiil^. 

2/ poor  sUkI:  can  be  grown  and/ed  at  aprofitj  could 
not  good  sUjck  be  made  to  pay  betler  f  X^rmers^ 
Vtink  of  Oi  ix.  ' 

EARLY   LAMBS  THIS  MONTH. 


Some  ewtis  in  the  flock  may  drop  lamba  this 
month,  and  If  so,  tlicy  will  bo  twico  as  valuable 
as  those  '.hat  come  in  Febmarj',  tboiifih  the  ma- 
jority o»  the  early  lambs  usually  como  during 
next  month.  Tbe«e  are  two  sources  of  profit  in 
the  earlleet  lambs,  one  of  which  is  that  the 
demand  is  much  5reat<'r  than  the  supply  and  the 
prices  are  consequently  high  The  otner  la  that 
the  earliest  lamoR  can  be  sold  at  a  time  when 
they  are  very  small,  a  fifty  pound  lamb  selling  as 


things  to  keep  sansage  In  this  manner,  are  essen- 
tial. 1st.— Narrow,  deep  tin  cans.  2d.— To  pack 
the  sausage  tight  and  hot^  3d.— Keep  the  sausage 
covered  with  the  grease.  When  the  cans  are 
cold,  pour  a  little  hot  grease  again  over  the  sau- 
sage, and  that  will  fill  all  the  air  spaces  and  keep 
the  air  out.  Earthern  Jars,  when  used,  will  allow 
the  sausage  to  mold-  To  open  the  tin  cans,  set  In 
hot  water,  and  if  the  cans  are  made  as  they  should 
be,  without  tops,  or  take  tin  cans  with  the  tops 
melted  olT,  and  as  soon  as  the  fat  melts,  at  once 
Invert  over  a  dish,  and  the  sausage  wii,  slide  out. 
The  above  recipes  are  worth  to  any  man  or 
woman  who  kiUs  only  one  hog,  four  times  the 
price  ofTHB  Faum  axd  Gakdkn. 


("W.  H.  Bokford,  Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  asks : 
l.-For  us  to  name  a  good  work  on  stuU  feeding  of 
beef  cattle.  2.-The  address  of  some  of  those 
engaged  in  it.  Answer  l.-Henry  Stewart  has  a 
very  good  work  on  "  Feeding  Animals."  It  will 
be  sent  by  the  Franklin 
News  Company,  of  this  city, 
on  receipt  of  price,  S2.00.  The 
work  deals  upon  the  whole 
theory  of  feeding  domestic 
anLmal.s.  There  is  no  bookwe 
know  of  that  treats  exclu- 
sively upon  feeding  of  beef 
cattle.  The  practical  parts 
of  stall  feeding  in  winter 
are,  reguliirlty  in  feed  and 
water,  good,    healthy,  rich 


PARSONS'  PROLIFIC 
POTATO. 

Bofit  and  mo«t  prolific  lato  market 
potato  frown.  Orovra  by  Mr.  Q  ^W. 
PiT'on'*,  of  I0W&,  from  seed  of  the  Princ* 
AltH-rt.  Vliie4  are  vlfforoais  *''h  * 
dark  aroen  fo)Li|fe,  lui  1  v.  ry  b'^alUiy 
Tuiwr^  ii'>.)T.j   inc<iluiQ    of  ualform  (*lze. 


fttMs  from  rot,  iiu  1  n.'VLr  hollow  cored,  food,  and  all  of  it  they  will 

-i''.S1«^\^fl  T*S^  '*'*''i"^'.**'i*^r  consume    without    leaving 

sbullow;    nt^Hb.   tine  irruinea    fcod  of »7.    _j      hi  *»„ v,^ 

exc*aicnt  flavor;  verj   prolific,  and  ftny.     Feed    nfjhtly    on  be- 

th.y  «n^w  xcry  compact,  in  thy  hill,  and  ginning  to  fatten  an  animal, 

aro  verr  lone  keepers.    iou-»  eute  col-  and  then  incroasG  the  iv.^A 


llflo  of  the  t 


jicwc4  .1  thj  college.  Prof.  Ko.pi.  reponc-1.  Will  r  c  q  u  i  r  e  it .    Warm, 

o-s  4!>H  bn.hcls  per  ftrrr.  of  which  49ti  clean    stablcs,    a    frequent 

bunhcU  weremerohantAblc  use   of  the  currycomb,  and 

OUB  OFTEKi-For  T6<!.  w,  wfli  when    first  stabled,  a   sufll- 

F.VIIM  .\>T>  6AKDEM  o>s  clent  exorcise   in  the  yard 


readily  as  one  weighing  seventy  pounds,  which 
was  dropped  later.  Here  is  a  profit  In  tlie  saving 
of  expenses,  and  a.s  the  sum  derived  for  the 
emailor  early  lamb  will  be  greJiter  than  tliat 
obtained  for  the  larger  later  one,  it  will  l>o  to  the 
advantage  of  the  farmer  to  tise  every  endeavor  to 
avoid  lass.  Tlie  ewes 'must  be  carefully  exam- 
ined, and  caked  udder  or  deficiency  of  milk  must 
be  romcfiled.  If  necessary,  each  ewe  must  be 
placed  to  herscU  with  her  lamb.  It  will  be  a 
tronblcsomo  undertaking,  bat  as  young  early 
lambs  are  sometimes  worth  $10,  It  pays  to  expend 
labor  in  that  diriH-tlou.  Keep  tho  eurllent  ewe 
lambs,  if  possible,  for  breeding  purposes,  as  they 
Will  oome  In  earlier  when  matured. 


SCfl'l    tl:  __  „„„  __ 

RS?irA"plS"K,''t^n  ^'"tJIT.'i.'^'^f'S    to'keep  the"  ani'raaY  with  a 

Folaw,  tree  br  mall,  or   for  »  ol-i'i  of  M  ,  j    ,         <.,  n. 

rrabscriiHr.,  ntSrvc.  c-«h,  we  wiii«iuJono    good  and  healthy  appetite. 

pound,  po«t-pal(L  Avoid  above  ail,  too  much 

feeding  at  tho  start, 
as  it  will  bo  a  waste  of  feed  and  may  ruin  tho 
digestion  of  the  animal  and  prevent  fattening 
altogether.  2. -There  are  so  many  who  feed  beef 
cattle  that  wo  could  not  give  the  address  of  them 
e\'en  If  we  knew  them.  There  are  In  Illinois  ver>' 
many  who  make  a  specialty  of  feeding  beef 
cattle.  But  as  each  must  U.am  by  experience 
what  his  markeus  are  and  know  the  conditions 


CURING   MEAT.     VALUABLE   RECIPES. 

Hams  and  bacon  arc,  in  tho  South,  cured  by 
dry  salting.  Tho  Soutliampton  and  SmlthUeld 
bams  and  bacon  are  cured  by  packing  the  hams 
and  Tx>rlv,  thorotighly  cold  before  salting,  on  a 
table,  bench,  orsiat.s  a  little  slanting,  to  allow  tho 
blood  and  scum  to  drain  off,  with  llosh  side  up, 
and  for  1,000  pounds  of  pork,  use  from  one  to  one 
and  a  half  liushels  of  good  lino  salt,  well  rubbed 
In,  especially  next  tho  bono.  Pack  tho  pork  in 
bulk  and  sprinkle  a  llttlo  more  salt  on  tho  thick 
pieces,  and  allow  to  cure.  In  mild  weather,  or  in 
a  cellar  two  or  throe  weolcs  will  bo  long  enough 
to  absorb  tho  salt.  Then  resalt  the  meat,  using 
about  a  peck  to  the  meat  tho  second  sailing,  more 
for  largo  plroos.  Allow  the  pork  now  to  remain 
four  or  live  weeks,  and  take  it  up  and  wash  clean 
and  after  draining,  apply  to  tho  flesh  side  of  the 
meat,  one  gallon  of  mola.sse3  or  ten  pounds  of 
sugar,  and  fi)Ur  powids  of  black  iwpper  are  dusted 
ever  tho  llosh  side.  Tlio  moat  is  then  hung  up 
land  smoked,  ftomo  use  a  liltlo  sidtpotre  to  pro 
serve  the  incNVt  and  give  it  a.rcd  color,  one  pound 
to  l.ODt  pounds  of  pork. will  bo  sulBclenU  Should 
BUgar  be  used,  melt  it  before  using,  as  it  will 
bpread  easier.  For  wacm  Southern  sections,  dry 
iBaltlng  is  more  favorable  to  Iteeplng,  but  In  tho 
^Northern  States,  sailing  in  brine  is  prefenvble,  as 
being  16.SS  troublesonio.  New  Jersey  has  long 
been  noted  fo^  line  hams,  dried  beef  and  sausage, 
and  wo  give  'the  reelpo  in  use  to  make  their 
J:enownod  hams,  beef,  and  sausage, 

HyUIS,— 100  PotTNDS. 

f^alt,  eight  pounds;  sugar,  one  and"  one-half 
Unas  I'Siiitpetro  one  and  ono-hulf  onnoee;  wat*'r, 
ir  gallons.  PaoU  in  a  tub  when  cold,  flesh  side 
,  and  pour  tho  pickle  over  them.  Allow  them 
lie  in  pickle,  if  the  hams  are  large,  six  weeks. 
Dry  and  .smolio  to  the  taste.  8ome  before  using 
tho  pickle,  boil  it  woU  and  skim,  and  apply  when 
cold.    Ke<9  the  hams  covered  witii  plcluo. 

Beef,— 100  PorrNCi 
Same  pickle  as  hams,  and  allow  to  lie  In  plc«lo 
four  woelcs.  Take  up,  drain,  and  hang  up  to  dry, 
and  when  dried,  run  Cayenne  popper  over  the 
dried  booC  Wrap  up  the  beef  in  stmng  manilla 
'papor,  and  tic  securely  to  keep  out  lllc«  and  meat 
worms,  and  hang  up  in  a  moderately  dry  plac<?. 


under  which  he  labors,  he  can  only  know  how  U 
will  pay  by  a  careful  practical  trial.  The  manor* 
Is  always  allowed  to  pay  for  the  labor. 


One  of  the  most  successful  pork  raisers  w» 
know,  says  the  secret  of  his  success  is  his  feeding, 
lie  begins  on  an  eight  weeks  pig  and  feeds  It  luat 
what  ft  will  consume  of  meal  mixed  with  kltcnen 
slops,  regularly,  three  times  a  day.  The  feed  Is 
never  increased  as  the  pig  grows  older,  bnt  re- 
mains the  same  always.  The  pig  makes  a  regnlar 
growth  and  is  never  over-fed  or  under-fed,  bat 
always  remains  healthy  and  in  a  good  growing 
condition.  When  ready  to  fatten,  he  feeds  all  the 
meal  the  hog  will  eat,  but  does  not  at  once  begin 
the  fnU  feed,  but  increases  the  feed  gradually  for 
a  week  or  two,  before  a  full  feed  is  allowed.  HJb 
bogs,  at  one  year  old,  often  weigh  500  to  fl09 
pounds,  and  the  cost  Is  much  less  than  the  usual 
plan  of  feeding.  His  pens  are  always  kept  dry, 
and  In  summer  a  cool  shade  Is  prepared  lor  tho 
hog.  He  believes  kindness  is  cheaper  and  pays- 
as  well  as  so  much  corn. 


Roots  for  Hobsks.— Hofsm  will  eat  all  kinds  of  ro«ta 
In  u  inter,  especially  if  tbey  are  sliced  and  a  little  aalt 
sprinkled  over  them.  Roots  are  dletarj'  In  action,  keep- 
ing the  bowels  open,  and  take  the  place  of  green  food. 
A  mess  of  carrots  is  highly  relished  by  horses,  kuA 
horses  6o  fed,  are  cJeaner  and  in  better  order  than  wheA 
on  dry  food  alone.  Mares  that  have  colts  by  their  sides, 
win  give  a  much  larger  quantity  of  milk  when  allowed 
roots,  and  the  c«lts  will  be  less  liable  to  conBtipatloa- 
Tbe  roots  also  lessen  the  amount  of  grain  required,  aad 
the  lalx.r  of  slicing  them  may  be  facilitated  by  the  o»e  of 
one  of  the  Implements  for  that  purpose. 


Fef.mno  Pios.— Tho  young  pigs  that  have  lately  *««■ 
weaii.'d.  should  not  l>e  fe<!  on  slops  unless  such  food  has- 
l)e<n  warmed.  The  late  fall  pigs  should  be  treated  tke 
the  K.ime  way.  A  cold  sloppy  teed  given  to  them  ••  » 
very  severe  day  is  damaging,  chilling  the  pigs  oofla- 
pletely,  and  greatly  impeding  growth.  It  will  l>e  foond* 
by  comparison,  that  warm  food  f«d  to  young  pigs,  will 
make  fifty  per  cent,  greater  increasewlth  them  thaa  th» 
same  quantity  of  food  fed  cold.  We  do  not  allude  ta 
cooked  food,  bnt  simply  suggest  that  a  few  qoarte  «f 
boiling  water  be  poured  into  the  feed  -'or  them. 


For  fear  ve  might  not  have  said  »o  be/ore  tee  tat/  • — 
Please  send  u»  a  club. 


T.  WALTER  4  SONS, 


WE<!T    CHESTEK, 

l'ENS8YLVANIA. — 

BrowlPrs   nn<!    Shippers   of    Tn^ROVT:D    STOCK, 
CATTLE.    SUEKP,    SWINK.    l»Ol  I.TUV.    and 

DOlirt.     Stud    Btamp    for    CaUiloKUc   and    i*rlcc3. 


HIGH  CLASS  POULTRY  ANO    PIGCONS. 
I'iur  1 


Best  varieties  of 

.  .„.  UirdN  birdHBt  modciiUr  [t  ti-«>^,    t>4'Milsl.impfor 

Lij-ge  lUuBiraied  clrcuiars.    R.  Vanderboveii.  Ii<ihwai/,  N.  J. 


TOO  ALBUM  VERSES. 

"  This  book  cuntaliifl  700  Choice  Gemn  of  Poetry  and 
Prose  sultabl  for  writing  In  Atiiou'ruph  Albums,  bome- 
ihlnp  evt-rybody  wants.  ViH  Paees.  paper  rovers, 
15  c^ntR;  rloth,  ;J0  Cfnts.  (slumps  lak<'H.  Addri>w 
J.«4.  OUILVIK  «fc  CO- 31  Uoso  St.,  Now  York. 


SURVEYOR  BOY 
ANDPRESIDENT. 


WASHINGTON 

^  oanir  l*eop'c*« 
L  1  t't-  ul'  M  vo  r%e 
M'uMlihietun,  Kuy< 
hooit.Voutli,  Muii- 
huud,  l>i-uth.  Iltin. 
or«.  I  V  UlUlutn  M. 
ThuytT,  with  tu- 
I«ltv  b.  <;<>n(-rul 
lit^iiry  Lif ;  4  68 
11-'  -.  el  eenn  I  \j 
bound  In  cloth  aiitl 

fr«l*l.  K^tpy  Amer* 
i-un«  uld  or  yuonfTi 
Htit'uld  boi^iime  lamlfliir 
with  IhL-  I.iit  (it  Wajih. 
higt.  u.  It  »iU  pon- 
flrm  their  pittrlot- 
Intn  aii'l  utrfnctiictt 
thrlrloviilty.  ^-uch 
:»  oliuru<-(i-r  will  f>e- 
.-•.ui-  i«<  liiMplrittlon 
to  th<>ni,  flltlUiiir 
n  oh)  i-r  almH  «ii'I 
Impelllnif  t-inoblt'r 
dii-^dtt.  I'riceby  Hjail, 
pn-t-palrt.  91.00. 
HeDd  money  ordi^r, 
postHi  \io:<*\  or  stampa 
1q  reclnt<red  Ittier. 

ORDKR   NOW,  and    mcntJon  thl<«  pnp":w,4'*4n** 
FRANKLIN  NEWs  CO. ,  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


Rir  DAV  For  IntroduHns  BUCKEYE   CHURN. 
DIb  rHT  Address,  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO..  Onadee.  Mtak. 


Cfl  A  15  Lice,  Ticks,  Man?e.  OureWarrantftcL  Sen4 
DWAAf  Stamp  to  T.  W.Lawi-ord.  Baltimore.  Ud. 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0.,  a!,^'Sr'e. 

bre.)  L.AN<;SHANS,TJiorouKlibred  WVANDOTTES  ' 
iJaiidsome  Circular  Tree.  Mciulon  Farm  andGab    " 


REGiSTEREDSWINE 

|ThorouKh  y-T.-A   Chest-er    U')>lt««,    P*. 

Tmc  iwdijfree  ^-iven  with  everr  *niin«J  Mid.  Strong,  bc.:iMl!i^ 
Biocit  ooly.  Parity  ruarant«e^  SentLBUmp  tor  new  C»te- 
loffne.    O.  II.  Warrlncton.  Uox  624.Woai  Chestetv  Pfc 


Jundtl   I   Brnwn.l Whit.  KtffhomfS    I      JCnOCi 

Jf-r.i  nnnfc   B  &  PWiBWith  HocW  ftwli  A  EflB».  I    '' Gill  Edf/e" 

REDS.  iJ'^ASfKK^^-VA'A'ii;  I  CATTII 

Mortimer  WhiteliKad.  Hlddlebush.  New  Jt-M(f. 


;  to  the  Failure  of  a  greM 

^  Gvnun  Muiic  Huum,  i~ 


PAGANIH  "VTOLOr. 

Celebrated  tor  fine  ton*-,  l^  "h.  Itolian  rtring*.  fln«  P^g^*- 
lald  pearl  Uil-piece,lii>.-r.-  :.  i.')W,  wllh  Ivory  and  ail  vcredtr^^ 
in  Tiolin  biix.  Instrucii'ii  Book,  666  pieces  miMiC  »» 
S3.50a  &aIiBfactioii  or  luoncy  refumlwL  A  belter  outfitc*^ 
not  be  purchased  cUevhrr«  for  t\n.  C.  H.  W.  BATES 
4(  COac  Importers,  |00  Sudbury  St..  Itostoa,  Maaa. 


MAULE'S 

CANNOT  8EISURPASSED. 

New  catalocne  fur  l^^i").  Xn^  to  all 


G-AFtocnr 


BiHt  pubtiphed. 

.  _^ .  .   _ jtir  adftress  «i  a  poi 

It  to  WM.  HENRY  MAULE.  189-131  S.  Froal  St..  PblU..  I 


ouKht  to  hftX*lU-J^A'VK'ri'.*^."l'^'^?l'?"*i^i.'_  •"•?(? 


SAUSAGE,— 18  Potrrn>s. 
Balt^thrwvqu.artftrsof  apound-  pepper,  one  and 
'one-qaartor  iKninds ;  sa^c,  one  pint.  Cut  in  smiUl 
plocea,  o<ni:tl  \y.\T\A  of  lean  and  fat  meat,  or  more 
leaa  than  Trt.,  if  preferred,  and  mix  the  salt,  pep- 
per and  fiasco  thoroughly  through  Iho  meat,  and 
cattino  by  a  miu^hlne.  Bake  In  balls  or  pack  in 
ektns  or  mualin  ba-^s,  BjiUHaprc  e.in  be  kept  for  a 
long  tlrae.  If  partially  fried  and  nneked  hot  In 
deep  till  cans,  and  at  one^  cover  iho  wvusi^e  up 
with  the  Jiot  ikt  lea  In  frying  the  sausa^o.   Three 


PHi'^ia  and  Special  Tprms:— Side  fUOilpf  «<«b-<.wl«» 
ti.irrels  ba4>K-aotloD  ft'^1  reboandlog  li^ikw,  rcim* 
Torced  barr^lM,    12  4  10  (raage,   #81.     8a»io  r»o«B, 

"         "  "^  |>,     Damfti«cu8  bftrri  I-.  iJiJJft.     I><*T- 

ftillv  prepaid  at  any  R.  K.  •*»- 

tlon  <tt"t   of  Mli»H.  rlror^      AA 

uny  K-  K.  Rtotlon  In  L'  «  *r 

ijtt   advonce  ^^    thwi-  [^c«». 

_^^f^^gfK^  A  ttp^'i^l  dlAcsimt 

r^^^^^^V  ^    thofic    wli* 
**«^  will    Intrmlfic* 


Tho  only  IS'^llable  Cheap  Br©«>«h-Loador.    \o  other 

eon  ftald  St  thc-*c  prlcc^wHl  kei-ptn  order   and  slTO 

i»'*tli»luclIon  I  tht'*4.' huvenever  railed.    Safe,  d^~"- 

ble,  hard  hltt^^r*.  anJ  afx-uratc  Mhootent.     The 

only  Imported  c  ;n  made  t-Jitlrely 

elilncrv.      Tlie  Pleper  tJun  i"  lULt^le  oo  a 

radleully  now  MTMtem,  &ii'l  iti.>tual 

lOAtA  liai-wd'Tii'.natr^loJ  ihatUiB 

fTuni  fif  thi*  roft'>o  will  ataod  _  g^Wjij'TZ^MiK^'-n 

twiec  th.-  Mtrain  i*ev^gi5^g*||W»B5j-  "^ 

quired  to br-iak.^tf<ft^aaiWSBJ^^,'*j'.'»f;i'< 

anv  other 


Do  not  faU  t4  eM>  all  W9  hare  to  say  m^ 
_  oiir  UluAtraU-^l  c'Irful.:u*  -io^jrlbiuK  tbe*o  guns.     It  ll  | 

"iient  free  u>  all  iiipllc.iui-,  nad  give:,  you  Ai>celal  tcrmii  If 
TOO  wlU  act  ua  accnt.   KKA1>  THl^— C,  E.  Boftwkk.  D-j-.U  station 
Penna..  wrtioa  r  Tbn  Pn.-i>cr  guoyousold  me  i-;  thebe«t  nhootlnc  flrun  I  ever  sawil^ 
TOO  wwiid  be  snr prised  to  s«'»omeof  the  sFiimilag  I  have  duuo  witb  ibat  gan.     Th.-      ^ 
nr^t  Urn*'  I  ha-l  her  out  I  klM*!  S6  (iqulrrob.  never  mliwied  a  shot,  and  on  my  waj  b»mc  I  saw  3  . — ^  ,„-,._ 

crows  iUlllQj?  on  a  ir«e.  at  loaa*  T5  j-anls  off.  and  I  killed  them  all  at  ooe  «hot.  with  ibree  drains  powder  and  uue  ooooe  of  No.  6  snot. 

Addro«8  for  free  lUaHtratod  circnlar.  RENNIR.  ALLiSON  <&  CO..  Phll.tdelphia.  Pa* 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    eoULiPI^Y   IjA^D. 

(EMBODYING  RESCXT8  OP  ACTUAI,  EXPHRIKKCK.) 


POULTRY  HINTS  FOR  JANUARY. 


The  early  bird  catchers  the   worm,  and  th 
chicken  catches  the  market. 

Ohicken.s,  like  ynen,  gH  a  livivg  by  scratehing 
niake  sad  havoc  in  the  garden. 


early 
but 


SOME  FACTS  ABOUT  POULTRY  DROPPINGS. 


JS^  P.  II.  Ja-cobs,  Wayne,  III. 

There  have  been  many  valuable  hints  given  in 
this  and  other  journals  in  regard  to  poultry 
droppings,  but  few  persons,  however,  are  aware 
of  the  real  value  of  such  manure.  The  droppin^^s 
are  often  estimated  as  equal  to  guano,  but  this  is 
a  mistake.  As  the  manure  from  animals  varies 
according  to  the  quality  of  the  food  consumed, 
so  with  poultry  dropping*  The  fertilizing  quality 
depends  upon  the  food  and  not  upon  the  fowlt 
Growing  chicks  require  a  greater  proportion  oi 
nitrogen  and  phosphateB  than  do  m.ature  fowls, 
consequently,  as  the  demand  of  the  animal  sys- 
tem is  greater  during  growth,  the  droppings  from 
chicks  are  not  as  valuable  as  those  from  adults. 
Fowls  fed  on  grain  do  do  not  give  as  rich  manure 
as  do  those  fed  upon  meat  scraps,  or  those  that 

HnW  Tn    KI£Kr    am  )  ^^^  ■^"^  complete  Hpe^tAoatlonH.  with  full  llluAtra- 
llUff     I  U    EViKnw    nn   [  tlonis  <lmwlDir«  of  part's  Dieiimirement*,  and  rimple 

I-.^^-__-    -  —s,^^ -^       {*  directions    Tur    iiiaklni;    liifiibuturM   and    Brooders. 
NCUBaTOR.J 

Any  one  who  vnn  handle  tools  can 
mabe  a  aa.;o>?:j>4rul  Incub.iUir  at  a 
ci^l  of  onlj  ubaut  ijlfl.OO  for 
luaUTial.  Mal.■iIiu^■^  niaile  frntu 
our  <tirecliou?  art-  more  «atiN- 
t'uctory  than  thoHC  oowtine 
#75.00,  as  those  who  u~i_'  thfin 
testify.  Hatches  o  v  e  resre 
over  80  per  oent.  of  ferule 
eccrH.     Brooders,   or   artiScial 

mothera,  whit;h  will   successfully  rai-^''       _ _         _        _ 

to  raUe  aprlnu  ehlokena.    QUR    SPECJAL   OFFER":  "For  4  yearly  eubnorl 
oepn  at   »o  CIS.  eacn,    we  will  ^vu'l    ;hes'-  ^pecifloations  free  by 

conKiime  a  large  number  of  fnseets.    In  compari- 1  place,  in  a  majoritv  <:rf'casesrthe''trouble  "is  with 


January  is  the  coldest  month  in  the  year,  and 
deep  snows  will  often  seriouslj-  interfere  with  the 
operations  in  the  poultry  yards.  In  the  South 
the  snows  do  not  remain  long  enough  on  the 
ground  t-o  c^iuse  much  annoyance,  but  in  ttae 
N'orth  the  poultryman,  when  the  .vards  are  filled 
with  snow,  must  either  shovel  it  away  or  leed 
the  hens  in  the  poultry-house.  If  they  are  con- 
tlncd  in  the  house  the  doors  should  he  ke]it  open 
during  the  day-time,  provided  the  house  faces 
the  south,  in  order  to  allow  of  the  light  and  air, 
or  the  fowls  will  prefer  to  remain  outside.  Thev 
should  have  sawdust  or  straw  on  the  fiour,  and 
the  food  thrown  into  it  in  order  that  thev  may 
be  compelled  to  scratch.  The  dust  in  the  dust- 
box  should  be  replenished  often,  and  kept  dry, 
and  the  house  must  be  cleaned  of  the  droppings 
daily.  The  water  will  freeze,  and  so  will  the  soft 
food,  if  the  weather  Is  severe;  of  course  (these 
obstacles  are  discouraging,  but  as  very  little  other 
work  can  be  done  at  tnis  season,  there  will  be  but 
a  small  loss  of  labor.  It  is  no  easy  undertaking 
to  properly  care  for  poultry  in  January,  but  as 
there  are  many  cases  in  which  time  and  caiiital 
are  not  remunerated  in  other  directions  besidi,- 
that  of  poultry  raising,  by  comparing  the  lal>or 
bestowed  in  the  poultry-house  with  other  \cn- 
tures,  it  will  be  found  profital)lo  to  give  the  fowls 
all  the  attention  possible. 
Eggs  and  cliieks  arc  hij'h 
now.  and  amply  rcjiay  the 
l>oultr.vman  for  his  care  and 
attention. 


EGGS   FOR   HATCHING 
PURPOSCS. 


Get_up  the  flub  to  be  in  tlinv 
For  4  yearly  subscri- 
mall  as  a  premium. 


son  with  guano,  therefore,  poultry  manure 
greatly  inferior.  Gnano  Is  deposited  by  blrus 
that  feed  principally  upon  flsh,  or  other  animal 
food,  as  well  as  being  composed  of  the  bodies  of 
birds  also.while  poultry  droppings  are  theproduct 
of  food  of  a  very  ditterent  character.    The  best 

ruano  sells  at  a  ver.v  high  price,  ranging  from 
wo  to  five  cent.s  a  pound,  at  which  price  the  drop- 
pings of  poultry  would  more  than  return  the 
cost  of  the  food.  But,  a.s  we  stated,  even  the 
droppings  vary  In  composition,  and  the  same  is 
true  of  guano. 

The  value  of  the  droppings  dejiends  upon  the 
manner  of  their  preservation.  There  are  several 
ways  of  so  doing.  Some  mix  the  droppings  with 
an  equal  quantlt.v  of  plaster,  while  others  mix 
one  part  droppings  with  two  parts  dry  dirt,  or 
muck,  adding  a  handful  of  plaster  to  each  bushel 
of  the  mixture.  The  mixture  must  be  kept  dry, 
liowever.  as  dampness  induces  decompositioii, 
which  liberates  the  ammonia.  Wood  ashes  are 
unsuitable,  though  coal  ashes  are  sometimes  put 
to  such  service,  first  being  fluely  sifted.  The  best 
method  for  preserving  the  droppings  is  by  using 
an  aei  1.  If  they  are  collected  in  a  fresh  condi- 
tion, witn  but  little  earth  combined  with  them, 
for  ever.v  bushel  of  droppings  enough  wat-er  may 
be  added  to  moisten  them  thoroughly,  but  do 
not  wet  them  too  much.  Now  add  a  gill  of  sul- 
phuric acid  to  a  gallon  of  water,  and  add  to  the 
droppings,  stirring  the  ina-ss  well.  Mix  enough 
dry  dlr-t  with  them  to  absorb  the  excess  of  mois- 
ture, and  place  the  mixture  away  in  a  barrel,  or 
any  ot.ier  suitable  vessel.  Be  careful,  however, 
in  using  tlie  acid,  especially  when  adding  it  to 
the  water,  as  heat  is  created,  and  sliould  any 
portion  drop  on  the  clothing  it  will  injure  it. 
After  the  mixture  is  dr.v,  however,  it  may  be 
handled  with  tae  hands  with  safety. 

The  advantages  ot"  the  acid  process  are  that 
the  droppings  become  fixed,  and  the  volatile 
matter  will  not  pass  olT.  They  will  need  no 
grinding  or  other  process  at  time  of  application 
to  the  soil,  and  so  prepared  they  will  oe  more 
valuable,  and  give  better  results  than  when 
preserved  in  any  other  manner. 


JANUARY  THE  TIME  FOR  INCUBATORS. 

-Vs  the  earliest  chiciis  are  those  that  bring  the 
best  prices,  January  is  an  excellent  time  to  begin 
hatching,  although  February  and  March  are  not 
late  months.  We  are  often  asked  if  incubators 
are  reliable.  We  will  give,  as  an  answer,  that  we 
believe  that  there  is  not  an  incubator  now  ottered 
but  which  will  do  as  well  as  the  most  sanguine 
can  expect,  but  we  wish  to  state  that  artificial 
incubation  is  no  child's  play.  That  a  child  can 
manage  them  is  doubtful,  aiid  th.at  thev  require 
only  a  few  moments  attention  daily  must  not  be 
too  stricll.y  adhered  to.  The  truth  is  an  incu- 
bator is  a  in'jchiiie  for  hatching  chicks,  and 
though  constructed  for  a  special  purpose,  has  no 
rea-soning  powers.  It  is  as  necessary  to  nave  an 
overseer  over  it  as  to  have  an  engineer  to  manage 
an  engine.  The  great  difficulty  with  artificial 
incubation  is  that  operators  expect  too  much. 
They  wish  to  hatch  chicles  without  an v  labor; 
which  is  an  impossibility,  but  we  admit  that  the 
incubators  now  in  use  are  sf>  constructed  as  to 
require  but  very  little  attenlion.  but  vet  that  lUllr 
must  be  given.  It  is  not  so  much  in  the  amount 
of  labor  as  it  is  in  perloriuing  it  at  the  proper 
time  and  in  the  right  pla^'e.  If  von  are  prejiared 
to  do  your  part  you  will  find  an  incubator  a  very 
profitable  investment,  but  if  vou  expect  to  pro- 
cure an  incubator  that  is  to  he  filled  with  eggs 
and  left  to  itself,  then  we  advise  vou  to  have 
nothing  to  do  with  them.  Tlie  operator  should 
give  his  incubator  as  much  attention  as  possible, 
and  success  will  crown  his  eftbrts. 


It  is  often  a  problem  with 
some  wli.v  they  at  times  se- 
cure good  hatches  from  a 
portion  of  the  eggs  placed 
under  hens,  while  but  poor 
results  are  obtained  from 
other  sittings.  In  the  first 
:>f  cases,  the  ti 
the  egf/fi,  and  not  with  the  hens.  For  hatching 
purposes,  especiall.v  in  winter,  the  eggs  must  be 
collected  as  soon  as  they  are  laid,  in  order  to 
prevent  them  from  becoming  chilled,  for  extreme 
cold  is  fatal  to  the  germ.  Ko  monstrosities  in 
eggs  should  be  used,  such  as  those  large  enough 
for  two  yolks,  or  that  are  pointed  at  both  ends. 
Ordinary,  smooth,  medium  size,  well  shaped 
eggs  should  be  selected,  and  the  fresher  the  better. 
The  nest  in  winter  should  be  made  in  a  warm 
location,  which  is  not  exjiosed  to  drafts,  nor  is 
dampness  essential,  though  a  moist  nest  is  better 
for  the  summer.  Avoid  giving  the  hens  too 
many  eggs  to  cover.  Common  consent  has  adop- 
ted thirteen  eggs  as  a  sitting,  no  matter  whether 
the  hen  is  large  or  small  but  it  is  niore  economi- 
cal in  winter  to  phice  only  ten  eggs  under  a  hen, 
as  she  will  be  enabled  to  impart  more  heat  to  a 
smaller  than  to  a  larger  number,  as  a  full  nest 
sometimes  does  more  injur.v  tlian  one  but  par- 
tially filled,  owing  to  the  larger  number  of  eggs 
that  become  exposed,  there  to  remain  until  they 
in  turn  are  changed  to  the  centre  of  the  nest  bv 
the  hen.  In  extremely  cold  weather  an  egg  so 
exi)0.sed  is  destroyed  by  the  low  temperature, "but 
if  the  hen  succeeds  in  covering  a  smaller  number 
she  will  save  th..'  djtl'erence  in  the  cost  of  the  eggs 
required,  and  also  hatch  more  and  stronger 
chicks.  It  would  be  well  if  the  eggs  were  tested 
after  being  under  the  hen  a  week ;  the  incubator 
oijcrators  un<t.rstund  this,  and  whv  should  not 
the  same  practic-  be  followed  with  sitting  hens? 
It  is  a  very  easy  matter.  Make  an  egg  tester  bv 
pasting  paper  boards  together,  or  bv  using  thin 
boards,  if  preferred.  A  box  should  be  made  so  as 
to  fit  over  a  lamp  globe;  say  a  square  box,  with 
a  round  hole  on  top  and  an  oval  hole  on  one  of 
the  sides.  Place  the  box  over  the  lamp,  allowing 
the  chimney  to  p.oss  through  the  hole  on  top; 
now  darken  the  room,  using  no  light  but  that 
from  the  lamp;  hold  each  egg  to  the  oval  hole  on 
the  side,  and  look  through  the  egg  at  the  light. 
If  the  eggs  are  a  week  old  they  will  appear  dark, 
should  they  contain  chicks,  the  upper  part,  or 
large  end,  appearing  clear;  this  clear  space 
around  the  inside  of  the  large  end  is  the  air-sack 
(or  air-bladder,  as  some  term  it).  Below  this  air- 
sack  the  contents  of  the  egg  will  appear  dark. 
Should  the  egg  contain  no  chicks  thev  will 
appear  clear,  and  if  compared  Willi  fresh  eggs 
will  show  the  same  appearance ;  therefore  always 
use  a  fresh  egg  lor  comparison.  Put  the  dark 
eggs  back  in  the  nest,  and  keep  the  clear  ones, 
cook  them,  and  keep  them  for  feeding  the  young 
cliieks. 


THE   WYANDOTTES. 


-\s  usual,  from  time  to  time,  we  present  our 
readers  with  cuts  of  the  finest  breeds  of  poultry. 
We'giveat  thistlme  acut  of  a  fine  pairof  Wvan- 
dottes.  This  breed  was  formerly  known  iu?  the 
American  scabright,  but  is  now  known  by  the 
attractive  name  of  Wyandotte.  They  are  a 
beautiful  laced  plumaged  bird,  white  and  black 
laced,  of  full  medium  size.  .\  good  table  fowl, 
and  both  good  layers  and  sitters.  They  make, 
by  their  fine  color,  nice  appearance,  and  statelv 
habits,  one  of  the  greatest  and  profitable  ornti- 
mcnts  of  the  poultry  yard. 


POULTRY   SCRATCHINGS. 

The  Best  Chicks  Ton  Market.— That  is,  for  Ibe 
cold  nionilis,  llie  Plymouth  Rrjck  or  Dominic  cros'.fd  on 
Brahma  or  Cochin  hens  will  prove  superior  to  ntber 
crosses.  After  March  the  best  market  chicks  are  ironi 
Leghorns  crossed  with  large  hens  of  any  breed. 

LixsF.KD  Meal  for  Fowls.— This  substance  is  e.\cel- 
lenl,  but  should  be  led  moderately.  A  teaspoonl'ul  Ibr 
every  four  fowls  is  siitlicient  if  given  three  times  a  week. 
If  sunflower  see<is  are  convenient,  however,  the  linseed 
meal  should  not  be  allowed,  as  thev  possess  nearly  the 
same  value  for  feeding. 

Saving  E'iOS  for  IlATcniNtj.— Pot  them  in  a  box  of 
oats,  small  end  downwartis.  and  in  a  place  of  even  tem- 
perature, as  they  mu  t  not  fr.  eze  nor  be  kept  too  warm. 
Packed  carelnllv  they  will  keep  w  .-a  for  quite  a  length 
of  time,  and  will  hatch  when  two  weeks  olil.  tiut  the 
fresher  they  are  when  placed  under  hens  the  better, 

TheCocks.— .'^houlil  they  become  frosted  in  the  conibs, 
or  appear  droopy.  tl;e.v  bhonld  be  at  once  removed  from 
the  hens,  as  thev  will  be  untit  for  service,  and  bealtby. 
viuorous  ones  subsliluted.  When  batching  chicks  too 
much  care  and  watcbtuiness  cannot  be  ^iven  the  cocks. 
OS  upon  them  depends  the  vigor  and  ttirift  of  the  young 
[..ocfc. 

TiTE  Pkk'ES.— Do  not  send  the  old  stock  to  market 
bcloi'etiie  middle  of  this  month,  as  prices  usuall.v  take 
an  npward  course  aliout  that  time,  and  maintain  the 
Iiigber  fi^Miics  nniil  ,\pril.  Chicks,  however,  bring  the 
best  prices  al  an.v  time  after  Cbrisinius.  and  the  smaller 
the  size  the  better  when  the  broil.nt'  season  tietrms.  Kcr 
chicks  of  more  advanced  size  April  is  tlie  best  nioutli 
tor  obtaining  the  high  prices. 

now  To  Heat  a  Potltry  House.— Make  a  small 
cellar  and  build  an  oven,  which  may  be  done  cheaply  it 
a  medium-size  grate  be  encasetl  in  brick.  Connect  a 
chimney  of  si.x-inch  drain  tile  to  the  grate,  running  Ihe 
drain  tile  the  length  of  the  poultry  bouse,  terminating 
it  at  the  end  upwards,  in  order  to  allow  of  a  draft.  Let 
the  tile  be  laid  six  inches  down  in  the  floor  and  covered 
with  dirt,  and  at  a  small  cost  for  ctial  the  pouhrv  bouse 
may  be  made  moderately  warm.  It  is  not  desirable  lO 
have  poultry  houses  too  warm.  About  fitly  degiees  j8 
sufficient  for  adult  fowls. 

Feathek  Pfi  m.s'o,— This  vice  is  one  for  which  no 
cure  has  been  tbuiKl.  JIjtn.v  remedies  have  been^iriec. 
but  none  have  proved  successful.  The  flock  thai  l>e- 
comes  addicted  to  pulling  feathers  may  as  well  be  de- 
stroyed as  to  be  retaine<t.  so  far  as  the  value  of  the  fowls 
is  concerned,  for  tlie  bens  will  not  lay  and  by  plucking 
feathers  from  each  other  have  a  very  unsightly  appear- 
ance. The  latest  suggestion  is  to  sn^ear  the'  feathers 
with  some  disagreaable  substance,  such  as  tar.  which 
prevents  the  piactice.  If  this  can  be  done,  and  the 
fowls  well  supplied  with  animal  food,  the  vice  may  he 
forgotten  in  a  few  weeks. 

CoiUlnucd  on  page  18. 

One  fnrti/  rhirk^n  wtfl  more  than  pay  for  the  Farm  ani? 
Garoen".  Tl'A.v  not  raise  two  more  and  ^eti  one  oj  fhi^nt 
for  the  Farm  and  Garden.^  UV  trytofitlf  hints  In  our 
pentttry  eolumtis  that  xeiU  uvtl  repay  you.    L*t  i/.s  divide. 


INCUBATORS^ 

■  trial.    C.  \V.  Savidec,  2S 


The    SAVIDGE.   100 

eggs,  S21.  Different  sizes. 
"ever  Ihils.  Sent  on 
2524  HunllngdooSt.,  Plllla. 


25T.^rtaiiryMD 


108  Pn^cs.  Teaches  you  to  raise, 
earn  for,  ft-t- <1.  auil  be  a  "auci-'fasful 
jioiiltiytiiaD;"  how  Ut  pievcui  djs- 
eaaes  of  old  or  yotinp.  and  have 
lipiia  to  layepBS.  2BctK.  In  Rtanipa, 
ami  a  Fifty  Page  Book  ■■Iiee  for 
all"  with  it. 

A.   .11.  I.ANG, 
Cove  Dalf,  l.ewifi  Co.«  Hy. 


Ttie  b«*Bt    ill   Anieiica.     The 
lesi  Nirain^til  1  111"  .■onnir: 
iti  Recent  Importalioni 
from  Mnjor  <  roTiii.  "I   Iji-l-n-i,    Ker;;-.  !*:*i..*>0  lor  13, 
S4.50for26.  ^--imI  n.i   -ii.'niai-  i.f  BKST  Innibatoc. 
A(l(li.-s.   J,  I^.  IIAUKIS,  Ciunaiiiiii'^on.   N,  J. 


LflNGSHANS.S 


PUREBBEDPOllLTRfSSSS 

nois.     Prices  niuUerate.    Also  TitrUeys  ami  Diirk^. 

sAvloeriNruBATOR.  Nonc  but  the  Best  kept. 


;^8rt'',--&Wi-T-;*r-!^j-'.-SB 


DO  YOU  WANT  A  DOG? 

If  so.  send  for  DOG  BUYERS' 
GUIDE.  CI. nUining  colored  plates., 
xao  engravings  of  different  breeds,  i 
prices  they  are  worth,  and  where  to 
buy  them.  Also,  cuts  of  Dog  Fur- , 
[iishmg  G'ods  of  all  kinds.  Direc- 
n.'n^  f^r  TrjitiinK  D.igs  and  Bieedi] 
iiig   I-crreti.     Mailed  fur  lo  cf-". 

FHILICZLFSU  EEIHTELS, 
237  a.  8th  St.  PM1»: 


Have    yon     Butter 
Egers.    C'hickens    to, 


In  wrltlns  advertlsens  mention  Farm  und  Garden. 


COUNTRY  PRODUCE. 

sell?    Write  In  ns  tor  prices  at  this  Mark*"!,     (.'onsien- 
ments  solicited  and   prompt   i-etiirns  iiin«Ie.    Refer, 
by  permis-sion.  In  thp  [>!ihlisher=  '>\  this  paper. 
SEEDS  &.  FERCJIISOX,  C'oii.MiU«ioii  ,>lerrlinnt«5. 

Twelfth  Street  Market,  i'hilnUelphia. 


\L 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN, 


©HE    r)OUSBHOLD. 

T.V  reaitit  of  economy  in  the  kitchen  is  often  ffreater 
than  the  gain  on  (he  farm. 

The  women  whr,  make  our  homes  cheerful,  are 
the  mainstay  of  the  nation. 


«tc  lu  rni  n    -and  a  premiimi  for- 

$13  m  bULUf  PRACTICAL   HOUSEWIVES. 
OUR   PRtZES   FOR   RECIPES. 
For  the  best  set   ol"  Six  Recipes,  suitable  lor 
the  fariner*HhoaHehnld,  aent  on  eouditioD!*  siren 
below,  we  oiler  S15  in  «old:- 

For  best  wet.       -       -       -       $5.00  in  «;old. 
Serond  prize.     -        -       -  3-00 

Third  prize.        -       -       -         '^.00     * 
And  next  5  wet-*,  as  decided 

by  the  Judges,      -       -  1.00  each  In  gold. 

And  for  every  carefully  selected  set  ol  reci- 
pes—not YTinnine  the  prize— we  will  semi  a  pre- 
mium bulb  or  plant,  to  be  selected  by  u*^. 

CON  niTIONS:— l.-The  contestanis  must 
either  be  wubscribers  to  the  paper  or  have  it 
taken  in  the  family  i,  or  send  their  subscription 
with  the  recipes.  ti.-The  recipes  must  be  writ- 
ten on  a  separate  sheet  from  letter  acrompany- 
inc  them,  and  contain  the  sender^-i  name  and 
acldress.  3, -They  may  be  eitht-r  ori«inal  or 
selected;  but  if  selected,  credit  must  be  eiven 
to  Che  book  or  paper  from  which  taken.  Home 
recipes  preferred.  4.'They  must  have  been 
tested  by  tlie  sender  in  the  family,  and  be  valua- 
ble and  trust^TOrthy. 

The  prizes  w^ill  be  awarded  March  15tli.  1S85. 
and  published  in  April  issue.  Preference  will 
'be  ffiven  those  sent  early. 


more  marked  than  at  ihe  table.  To  have  good 
manners  set  well,  the>  need  to  be  everj'-tlay, 
home  atTuirs ;  and  mothrTs  greatly  err,  who  allow 
children  to  grow  up  without  them.  Yet,  some 
who  live  in  "grand  houses,''  permit  them  to  rush 
In  and  leed  like  famished  bears  on  whatever  they 
can  snatch. 

"I  must  hurry  home,"  said  a  lady  to  me  one 
day,  "  for  Ned  is  home  from  school,  and  he  will 
eat  up  all  the  strawberries,  and  we  shall  hnvc 
none  for  tea."  It  kept  her  invention  busy  totind 
new  places  in  her  large  house  in  which  to  hide 
the  cookie  jar,  if  she  would  find  one  in  it,  when 
slie  wished  a  plate  for  the  table.  The  boy's  gen- 
eral manners  are  of  the  same  type,  and  he  is  not 
greatly  beloved  in  any  social  circle. 


BY  THE    NEW  YEAR'S   FIRE. 

By  J.  E.  McC. 


RESOLVING  AND   DOING. 


"  Drop  down  the  curtains,  fold  upon  fo 
Shut  out  the  night  wllh  its  bitter  cold. 
Tt«  manv  voices  of  sorrow  ; 
Thp  wailins  wind  and  the  pitiless  rain 
Shall  knock  at  the  door  of  our  hearts  in  vain, 
For  the  New  Year  comes  lo-roorrow." 
New  Year's  Eve  is  apt  to  be  a  season  for  quiet 
loving  converse  and  pensive  thought,  rather  than 
for  noisy  mirth.    The  mother's  heart  grows  more 
tender  and  her  voice  takes  on  a  softer  tone,  as  slie 
looks  back  over  the  vanished  days,  and  on  into 
those  to  come  ;  as  she  thinks  of  the  ''  must  be  and 
may  be,"  that  they  will  surely  bring  for  her  dear 
ones. 
••The  children's  face.t  are  fair  to  see. 
Ah  they  kneel,  \vhilt*-robed.  hy  the  mother's  knee." 
But  a  mist  wll!  dim  her  eye,  as  she  recalls  a  lit- 
tle fair  hand  that  gleefully  patted  her  cheek  last 
New  Year's  time,  but  now  is  stilled  forever.    Yes, 
we  think  of  our  loved  and  lost,  with  necullar  ten- 
derness, as  we  pause   for  a  breathing  space  at 
these  mile-fltones  in  life's  journey.    Happy  Is  tlie 
mother  whose  loved  ones  are  all  In  ihv  homffold. 
or  in  the  fold  above.    She  can  well  spare  a  tear  of 
lender  sympathy  for  that  mother  whose  son  Is  a 
wanderer,  in  the  saddest  sense.  In  the  dreary  out- 
side world  this  New  Years,    "rho  bitterest  tears 
are  not  those  shed  by  the  coffin  side.    For  there 
arc  sweet  and  hopeful  thoughts  for  those  whose 
dead  are  asleep  in  Jesus,  just  tis  there  arc  for  the 
world  now  buried  in  snows. 

'■  Wtiiit  c-are  we  for  the  aprlng-tlrae  fled. 
The  ro^ea  witliered.  tli»- violets  dead. 
The  wealth  of  the  vuni-'lied  summer; 
Fresh  flowers  will  buil  in  the  April  rain, 
Anil  birds  In  the  branches  sing  uKain 
To  welcome  the  lllthe  new  comer." 
So  too.  our  dead  shall  arise  again  to  immortal 
youth  and  beauty.     It  is  good  to  cheer  our  hearts 
with  these  bright  anticiimtlons,  and  then  go  for- 
ward hopefully  into  the  unknown  future  opening 
befoiv  tis.    Onlv   one   day  at  a  time  of  care,  of 
labor  or  trial.    It  is  not  wise  to  burden  the  heart 
by  borrowing  a.  part  of  the  next  day's  load.    Fore- 
casting trouole   never  pays,   for  the  trials  that 
have  given  us  the  most  sorrow,  were  thosv  which 
never  iiappeni'd;  they  existed  only  in  our  appre- 
hension.   There  is  a  strong  guide  and  helper  ever 
readv  to  take  our  hand   in  his.  and  make  the 
roughest  road  easy  for  our  feet;  lea<ling  us  surely 
anil  safely  to  our  journey's  end. 


It  was  eleven  o'clock  and  Maud  still  lingered 
over  her  writing  desk,  with  her  hair  in  crimping 
pins,  and  room  all  in  disorder.  She  looked  up 
with  abstracted  gaze  as  Lucy  came  in.  rosy  and 
brisk,  with  a  iidy  sweeping-cap  over  her  neatly 
brushed  hair,  and  a  broom  in  her  hand. 

"Why  Maud,  what  a  room,  and  how  the  boys 
will  admire  your  style  with  that  old  wrapper  on, 
when  they  come  home  to  dinner.  What  have 
you  been  about  all  the  morning?" 

**  Writing  down  my  New  Year's  resolutions," 
said  lier  sister  with  a  satisfied  air.  "Seel  have 
more  than  four  pages  foolscap.  Some  I  have 
changed  and  re-written.  That  is  what  took  me 
so  long.  Are  they  not  neatly  done?  After  all. 
I  have  about  concluded  to  ask  father  for  a  nice 
blank  book,  and  copy  them  in  that,  and  I  think 
I  will  have  it  lar^e  enough  for  a  journal  also.  I 
should  take  great  comfort  In  writing  down  the 
day's  doings.  I  wonder  you  do  not  write  out  a 
list  of  resolutions,  Lucy.  It  is  a  great  help  to 
one,'^  she  added,  quite  patronizingly. 

Lucy  laughed  a  little  as  she  tossed  up  the  bed 
and  snook  out  the  pillows,  but  remarked  that  she 
had  so  much  "  real  doing  to  take  up  her  time,  she 
had  not  much  left  for  mere  resolving." 

Maud  appreciated  the  intimation,  and  replied: 
"But  I  am  going  to  begin  fair  to-morrow  morn- 
ing, and  carry  out  strictly  this  programme,  a 
whole  page  full,  you  see." 

"I  shoiild  feel  more  sure  of  you  if  you  began 
this  minute  and  set  yourself  and  your  r(K»m  to 
rights.  Mother  would  also  be  glad  of  your  help 
down  st;iJrs,  and  this  bureau  drawer  full  of  un- 
mended  clothes,  would  be  thankful  for  attention. 
You  will  surely  have  to  begin  darning  stockings 
soon,  or  buy  more,  I  think  you  must  have 
reached  the  limits  of  your  stock.  ' 

"Darning  stoi-kings  is  such  a  bother,'  said 
Maud,  pettishly. 

'•rut  them  into  a  resolution,  Maud,  that  will 
make  them  easy." 

"  You  have  such  a  way,  Lucy,  of  dlscrmracing 
one  about  making  good  resolutions.  I  shouhl 
think  you  woiild  be  glad  to  lu-lp  me." 

**  Incie*^d  I  should,  Maud,  if  I  knew  any  way  to 
Induce  you  to  put  one  into  practice.  But  smoke 
without  lire  will  never  hot!  a  kettle.  You  may 
resolve  and  resolve,  the  whole  year  through,  but 
unless  you  get  up  and  go  to  work  It  will  amount 
to  nothing.  Resolutions  are  cheap  and  eiu<y.  hut 
it  Is  the  real  work  that  costs.  I  am  not  sure  but 
you  would  do  better  to  burn  up  your  long  Hsi  and 
take  up  the  work  that  comes  (Irst  to  hand,  and  do 
It,  then  take  the  next  thing.  That  Is  the  only 
way  I  can  manage.  I  do  make  lists  often  In  tlie 
evening,  of  things  I  wish  to  do  next  day,  and 
about  the  order  I  wish  to  take  them  up.  When 
one  is  done,  I  cross  It  off,  but  I  never  lay  down 
unbending  rules.  A  housekeeper'splans  must  be 
of  a  ver>'  flexible  kind,  or  she  will  find  every-dny 
life  sadly  Jarring.  Come,  Maud,  try  my  plan  and 
lock  up  your  resolutions  for  a  while,  and  actually 
dosome'uscAil  work.    I  know  you  will  feel  hap- 

Eler  for  It,  and  be  able  to  see  at  night  that  you 
ave  made  real  progress." 


add  to  our  stores  of  knowledge,  and  next,  to 
strengthen  our  mental  powers.  Sometimes  we 
may  read  for  mere  recreation,  but  one  who  makes 
amusement  the  end  and  aim  of  his  reading,  will 
grow  neither  wiser  nor  better,  but  the  reverse. 

A  reading  that  is  positively  hurtful  cannot  be 
denounced  too  strongly.  No  effort  is  too  great  to 
use  if  one  may  break  up  such  a  deadly  habit  in  a 
young  person.  Parents  err  who  see  their  lads 
devouring  the  current  dime  literature  and  con- 
tent themselves  with  old  Eli's  remonstrance:— 
"Do  not  so,  my  sons.  ■  They  should  he  interdic- 
ted most  kiiidly,  but  decidedlyj  and  something 
interesting  and  safe  substituted  m  their  place.  A 
reading  boy  will  not  content  himself , with  last 
year's  farmer's  almanac,  and  the  local  paper.  If 
the  poison  of  bad  literature  has  worked  into  his 
veins,  you  have  a  task  before  you  to  work  it  out, 
and  harsh  commands  will  only  convince  him 
that  he  is  one  of  the  "  heroes  "  of  his  books,  and 
you  one  of  the  parental  tyrants. 

If  any  one  gives  your  boy  that  deplorable 
humorous  work.  "Peck's  Bad  Boy,"  remember 
that  cremation  is  the  oivly  safe  course.  No  mat- 
ter how  laughable  the  scenes  depicted,  they  are 
demoralizing  to  all  that  is  manly,  honorable, 
and  truthful  in  his  nature.  The  moral  standard 
will  be  materially  lowered  long  before  he  has  fin- 
ished it.  Hundreds  of  youths  nave  been  induced 
to  try  his  experiments  and  improve  ui>on  them. 
One  young  incendiary  in  a  city,  arrested  for  his 
crime,  told  the  policeman  defiantly,  "I  am  Peck's 
Bad  Boy."  Another  frightened  an  invalid  sister 
Into  convulsions  by  tying  two  bullfrogs  in  her 
bed.  Depend  upon  it,  these  things  are  much 
jnore  amusing  in  print  than  when  they  are  acted 
over  in  real  life,  especially  if  the  house  where 
they  happen  is  your  house. 


NEIGHBORLY^  ADVICE. 

Chappkd  Hands.— One  of  the  best  remedies  for 
this  trouble,  is  the  simplest  and  ea-siest  to  procure. 
Whenever  you  take  your  hands  out  ol  water, 
wipe  dry,  and  while  yet  damp,  rub  well  with  com 
starch  or  clear  starch  powdered. 

A  Poem  of  Burns.— Burn's  poem.  "  The  Auld 
Farmer's  New  Years  Salutation  to  his  Auld  Mare 
Maggie,"  has  been  printed  and  circulated  In  the 
form  of  a  tract  amongst  the  Glasgow  carters  and 
cabmen,  in  the  hope  that  the  kindly  feeling  so 
beautifully  expressed,  may  make  them  more 
thoughtful  and  humane  towards  their  old  Mag- 
gies, 

Always  Hanoy.— Melt  a  teacup  full  of  lard  and 
a  bit  of  beeswax  the  size  of  a  hickory  nut,  in  u 
tin  cup.  and  then  i>our  into  a  tin  box  wbicli  has 
a  lid,  and  keep  covered.  It  will  be  useful  for  i:ny 
purpose  where  a  salve  is  needed.  As  It  is  ver> 
healing  and  soothing  and  cost  but  a  trltle.  I  have 
kept  it  in  the  hctuse  for  twenty  years,  and  would 
not  be  without  it.  It  is  especially  useful  In  the 
winter  time. 

Wasiiin<5  Fi,ni>.— One  pound  of  washing  soda, 
liuarter  pound  of  unslacked  lime,  (or  a  tea-cup 
lull  of  good  whitewash),  1  gallon  of  water.  Boil 
ui)  and  then  set  aside  to  settle.  Use  1  tea-t^up  full 
to  each  boiler  of  cNthes,  and  It  will  take  out  dirt 
and  stains  with  almost  no  rubbing;  and  I  have 
never  thought  that  it  li>Jured  clothes  in  the  least, 
I  have  never  found  any  machine  or  soap  equal  to 
it  for  lightening  the  labor  of  washing. 

Coal  Ashes.— "W^hat  shall  we  do  with  the  coal 
ashes  is  a  problem  with  many.  Madf  Into  an 
unsightly  pile  in  the  back  yard,  they  are  disfig- 
uring, and  a  trial  ever>-  time  one  1oi)Ks  that  way, 
I  make  them  into  garden  walks.  Have  the  coal- 
sifter  taken  out  to  a  path  and  the  cinders  sifted 
there  each  morning.  No  one  walks  In  a  garden 
much  In  the  winter,  and  by  spring  you  will  have 
fine  hard  paths,  well  settled  by  frost  and  snow, 
which  are  never  muddy  or  grass-grown. 


THE  WINTER'S    READINO. 


GOOD    MANNERS   AT  TABLE. 

E:at  without  noise  and  the  lips  nearly  closed. 
To  make  any  sound  with  the  mouth  In  eating  or 
drinking  is  disgusting.  Do  not  lean  the  elbows 
or  lay  the  hand-i  or  arms  on  the  table,  and  piny 
with  knives  or  forks  or  glasses,  or  lounge  or  till 
back  the  chair.  Do  not  srrape  your  plate,  or 
lilt  it  up  to  get  the  last  drop,  or  wipe  it  dry  with 
a  piece  of  bread.  It  is  bad  taste  to  mix  the  food  , 
on  your  plate:  it  shows  a  coarse  appetite  and  | 
want  of  a  nice  appreciation  of  flavor  of  each  par- 
ticular dish.  The  mouth  should  not  go  to  the 
food  but  the  food  to  the  mouth.  It  Is  very  un- 
couth to  take  up  chlcktMi  bones  in  the  Angers 
when  eating  the  meat  from  them. 

When  dining  at  your  friend's  house.  It  Is  not 
considered  reflned  to  talk  much  about  the  food, 
or  to  watc'a  dishes  as  they  are  uncovered,  or  blow 
soup  to  cool  it,  or  soak  u(>  gravy  with  Itread.  A 
loud  voice  and  uproarious  laugh  are  extremely 
out  of  pi.  I' -.in  the  dining  room  ;  as  Is  also  any  con- 
versation that  could  possibly  he  offensive  to  the 
most  refined  taste.  It  is  no  place  to  talk  of  dis- 
tempers, or  mediral  treatment,  though  some 
obtuse  people  dra^  i'l  such, topics  wholly  regard- 
less ol  Uie  fe^'llngs  of  others. 

NeviT  sncc/.i^  at  thf  table.  It  can  always  be 
prevented  by  prrsslni;  the  finger  firmly  against 
the  upper  lip.  under  the  nose.  Talk  in  a  low,  but 
perfectly  distinct  tone  to  your  neighbor,  but, 
avoid  anything  that  might  seem  like  private 
conversation. 

Whatever  renders  a  person  disagreeable,  should 
in  common  charity  be  avoided.  Nowhere  Is  the 
distinction  Ijftween  the  gentleman  and  the  boor 


By  Olii-c. 

Two  good  months  of  long  winter  evenings  yet, 
and  they  may  be  made  golden  harvest  time  to 
our  boys  and  girls  if  wisely  spent.  Reading  with- 
out thought,  IS  like  pouring  water  Into  a  sieve. 
But  reading  which  we  nuike  our  very  own  by 
turning  it  over  and  over  in  our  minds,  and  which 
starts  new  trains  of  valuable  thought,  Is  the  kind 
to  make  us  strong  intellectually.  Always  keep 
in  view  the  two  great  ends  of  reading;  first,  to 


"Thev  talk  about  a  wtmian's  sphere 

As  though  it  had  a  limit ; 
There's  not  a  place  in  earth  or  heaven, 
There's  not  a  task  to  mankind  given, 
There's  not  a  blessing  or  a  woe. 
There's  not  a  wlxlspered  yes  or  no. 
There's  not  a  life,  or  death,  or  birth. 
That  has  a  feather's  weight  of  worth, 

Without  a  woman  In  it.'' 


Wr  K-noir  the  vafiw  of  the  kitchrn  of  the  hoxisehotd  and 
the  Fain/  icho  prrsidex  owT  it,  W'f  try  to  aid  /i/r  aU  we 
run,  and  give  ait  t/if.  pood  advice  to  tulp  her  lee  knout,  and 
are  pleajted  to  do  so.  IH//  tvA  the  f\i{ry  rrnu^mUr  xts  too, 
aiufi'md  iM  a  club  of  jour  (more  if  ilie  choox-  x)  and  grt  one 
of  our  preiniunist 


*  P.  S.  CABBAGE.     THE    BF.ST    SEEDS  in  «A« 
u-vrld  supplied  ft.v  ISAAC  F.  TILIIHGHA»T.  La  Pluma.  Pa. 

wanted 
Address 
neva,  N.  Y. 


In   wrltinc  udvertl«cT«,  mention  Form  und  Ourden. 


If  /ftn  month  and  EXPENSES.  M 
^/llIrD  sell  MUSEKV  STOCK.  . 
4r^W  D.  H.  PATTY.  Niirs^-rvamii.  Gei 


100 


Flue  Printed  Envelopes,  white  or»ssoried  col- 
ors, with  name,  business,  ftiid  ad<lress  on  all 
for  40cts...iOfor  2.ScIs.  Cards  i\n<I  Li-ttfrlieuda 
at  same  price.  C-  E  C  DePC  Y  .  ■S';/Tvt/-^t.«',  N.  Y. 


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iiii:-.  lllu^trftiing   the   uew  tbiogs  In 
every  di-partniilit  of  fashion. 
:  EVERY   NTMBEU   CONTAINS 

Four    pages  or  new  music.   Id  most  casen  original,  either  vocal 
or  Instrumental. 
!  EVEKT   NTMBEK   COXTAHiH 

!  The  prices  ot  all  kind,  or  Dry  Good.,  together  with  descrlptioiui  and 

engravings  to  show  what  they  Viok  like. 
1  EVERY   KTMBEK  CONTAINS 

I  Valuable  original  arUeles.  mnstly  illu.lral.d  on  subject.  <'■••<«" 
01  the  adornment  of  the  person,  the  beautifying  of  bom*,  and  tie 
newest  things  In  art  nee-dle  worV. 

EVERY   NXMBER   CONTAINS 

■  Instructions  how  the  distant  c.nsum.'r  can  .hop  as  .atlsfhclorlly  uS 

as  .s-ooomi.-.ilu  as  ri>l.l'tii.s  of  ttie  .ny- 

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STRAWBRIDGE  &  CLOTHIER 

EIGHTH  AND  HARKET  STS..  PHILAOEIPMIA,  PA. 


THE    FARM    AND   GARDEN, 


II 


Odds  and  Gmds. 


Alwaj/a  gather  up  the  ndds  ani  ondi.  A  farm 
looks  bHt^T  when  aU  the  odds  and  ends  arf  picked  up 
and  put  in  shape.  We  pick  up  odds  and  ends  the 
same  as  a  farmer^  and  always  put  them  on  this  page. 


CHEERFULNESS 


We  all  advise  cheerfulness,  and  we  all  admire  it 
—especially  In  other  people — but  we  do  not  always 
attain  to  it  ourselves.  Of  course,  there  are  cir- 
cumstances under  which  cheerfulness  is  simply 
Impossible,— with  a  raging  toothache,  lor  in- 
stance, or  when  you  have  Just  upset  the  ink 
on  the  new  carpet,  or  have  been  caught  in  a  vio- 
lent shower  without  an  umbrella  and  with  your 
best  suit.  To  be  admonished  to  be  cheerful  at 
such  times  is  adding  aggravation  to  misfortune, 
and  might  exhaust  the  patience  of  Job  himself. 
But  there  are  many  very  small  annovances,  too 
insignificant  to  be  mentioned  and  yet  whose 
daily  ocurrance  may  and  must  be  expected,  over 
which  we  have  no  right  to  lose  our  cheerfulness 
for  a  moment.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  hap- 
piness of  many  a  home,  the  charm  of  manv  a 
fireside  has  Ijeen  clouded  and  displeased  bv  this 


his  face  ready  made  up  for  the  occasion,  and  all 

his  sensibilities  iron-clad.  One  says  that  "  the 
guiltiest  looking  man  he  ever  saw  was  one 
charged  with  stealing  a  horse,  which  afterwards 
proved  to  be  his  own." 


Unsatisfying.— How  many  imagine  that  with 
a  million  of  dollars  they  could  be  perfectly  happy. 
Here  is  the  verdict  of  one  millionaire,  Stephen 
Girard.  He  says:— "As  for  myself,  I  live  like  a 
galley  slave,  constantly  occupied,  and  often  pas- 
sing the  night  without  sleeping.  I  am  wrapped 
up  m  a  labyrinth  of  alTairs,  and  worn  out  with 
cares.  I  do  not  value  fortune.  The  love  of  labor 
is  my  highest  emotion.  When  I  rise  in  the  morn- 
ing my  only  effort  is  to  labor  so  hard  during  the 
day,  that  when  night  comes  I  mav  be  enabled  to 
sleep  soundly."  Retiring  from  business  would 
have  had  no  Joys  for  him,  if,  indeed,  it  has  for 
any  one.  Life  without  work.  Is  not  the  happy 
state  it  looks  to  be  in  the  far  distance. 


BEAUTIFUL  NEW 

CARNATIONS! 


terOUR   SPECIAL 

its  eat-'h,  we  «ill    giie,  fre. 


We  have  arransPd  with  tlic  largest  groirei 
the  cjuntry  to  till  our  orders  lor  tbe  folio*  - 
itig  fourtiunorb  vnrietlep*  of  Cttmu. 
>  lloiii.!-*KIM»0>'    KIXG,      ilir, 
I  durk.  rich    L'urmlne,   Ix-aiiijiul  iti 
form    Tru^runt.  ■■ih-l   an  ubundunt 
bloomer.    MISS  JOLIFFEE,      i  ,r    Jt1l,ut<-  olnk,  -    .1.  tm 
salmon,  a  profuAe  bloomer.      PKTKK    IIK>'l>i:K'*0 V  pur 
whlt«4  large,   full,   and  double,  a  profuMe    bloomer.      LILlXV.'* 
white,  str-lp*»J   aad  {ed^ed    with    muroon.       ~ 
nrrrp  .     For  a  dob  of  ei«ht  •, 

Urr  Ln  .     at  twenty-llve  (S3j  cents  eatm,  we  «iii    giie,  rree 
by  mall,  a3  a  premiuiu,  one  each  (four  iu  all,   of   tliede   eleRant  plau 

want  of  cheerfulness  In  the  elders  of  the  family 
group.  Little  vexations  were  sufficient  to  cha.se 
the  smile  from  the  lather's  face,  or  cloud  the 
mother's  brow  with  annoyance,  and  so  the  home- 
gatherings  grow  Irksome  to  the  children,  and  the 
bond  of  sympathy  was  forever  broken.  Let  us 
cultivate,  therefore,  a  cheerful  spirit,  and  like  all 
efforts  In  the  right  direction,  we  shall  find  that 
we  cannot  Improve  ourselves  without  Improving 
others.  That  the  reflex  of  our  cheerfulness  will 
shine  out  in  the  tempers  of  those  aiunnd  us  and 
brighten  the  darkest  days.-rAri.»(ia/i  JnlclHi/tnccr. 


A  C.^SE  OF  Forgery.— A  large  dog  had  been 
accustomed  to  receive  a. slip  of  paper  from  his 
master,  containing  an  order  for  a  bit  of  meat  for 
his  dinner.  The  butcher  became  accustomed  to 
n  and  to.ssed  aside  the  paper  without  looking  at 
it,  and  handed  over  the  bone.  The  dog  finally 
concluded  that  one  piece  of 
paper  was  as  good  as  anoth- 
er. ,So,  whenever  he  felt 
hungry  he' hunted  up  one 
and  took  it  to  the  meajt 
stall.  By-and-by,  a  pretty 
long  score  was  sent  in  for 
"  dog  meat,"  to  the  surprise 
ofthemaster.  Itwasaclcar 
case  of  forgery,  but  tlie  dog 
still  occupies  a  respectable 
plao«  in  society,  and  the 
story  of  his  smartness  has  often  been  repeated. 


THE  SULTAN'S  TREASURY. 

There  Is  no  such  thing  as  describing  in  detail 
the  splendor  of  the  Sultan's  treasury.  There  are 
antique  arms  and  armor,  heavy  with  gold  and 
jewels;  there  are  Innumerable  horse  trappings 
and  saddles,  covered  with  plates  of  gold  and 
studded  with  emeralds,  rubles,  topaz,  diamonds, 
oatj  pearls;  there  are  saddle-cloths  embroidered 
with  precious  stones.  .Several  sofa-covers  hang 
in  the  cabinets  as  background  to  the  smaller 
articles.  They  are  worth  $150,000  a  piece,  and  are 
heavy  cloth  of  gold,  embroidered  with. seed  pearls. 
Inoneof  the  cabinets  are  three  uncut  emeralds, 
the  largest  being  the  size  of  a  man's  fist,  and  the 
smallest  larger  than  a  hen's  egg.  The  imperial 
princes  appear  to  have  gone  to  school  in  child- 
hood, for  here  are  the  satchels  In  which  they 
carried  their  books.  Bags  of  velvet,  embroidered 
with  gold,  pearls,  and  diamonds.  In  another 
place  you  see  many  mottoes  from  the  Koran,  em- 
broidered in  diamonds  on  red  velvet.  There  are 
amber  mouth-pieces  for  pipes,  studded  with  dia- 
monds and  rubles.  There  are  coflee-sets  and  tea- 
sets  of  all  degrees  of  magnificence;  and  vases  of 
crystal  and  agate  and  onyx.  There  lire  royal 
knives  and  forks  and  spoons  of  solid  gold,  with 
Jewels  on  their  handles.  Among  the  articles  in 
this  imperial  treasure-house,  are  manv  which 
must  be  regarded  simply  as  tovs.  Ul  .such  is  a 
tea-set  of  tortoise-shell,  as  thin  as  paper.  Another 
toy  la  a  lady's  parasol,  of  white  silk,  exquisitely 
embroidered  with  gold,  the  staff  01  which  is  a 
single  branch  of  coral,  so  long  and  true,  and  well 
adapted  to  Its  purpose,  that  one  might  search 
years  and  Till  to  find  its  like 


Mahomet,  says:— "Wine  has  its  uses,  but  its 
injury  is  greater  than  its  utility." 

The  circular  saw  was  Introduced  into  England  in 
1/90,  but  its  inventor  Is  not  knowa. 

Nothing  serves  better  to  persuade  people    of 
little  sense  than  what  they  do  not  understand. 


Mecca  is  called  the  holiest  city  In  the  world  by 
the  followers  of  Mahomet,  because  It  was  hfa 
birtliplace.  It  is  the  only  city  of  the  East  In 
which  the  houses  have  windows  opening  on  the 
streets. 


KINO  WORDS. 

R.  G.  Crane,  IpsnUli,  Dakota,  savs ;— "  I  like  The 
Farm  and  Oabuen  '  muchly.'  11  has  become  onlte  a 
necessity. ' 

F,  W.  Emerson,  Strawberry  Point,  Clayton  County, 
Iowa,  writes  ot  The  Farm  and  Gakdem:— "I  must 
express  my  admiration  of  it." 

William  J.  Oberlin,  Ma-ssillon.  Ohio,  says :~-"  I  am  very 
much  pleased  with  Thk  Fakm  and  Oardk«;.  from 
which  I  get  many  uew  ideas. 

Elijah  Smith,  of  Leesburg,  Crawford  County,  Missouri, 
ears :— '■  I  am  fourteen  years  old,  and  like  your  paper  bo 
well  I  thought  I  would  try  to  write  for  it." 

Mrs.  R.  B.  Skinner,  Albert  Lea,  Minnesota,  savs  of  the 
Farm  and  Garden  :— "  Can  truthfully  sav  Ihal'it  yields 
the  largest  returns  for  the  least  oul'lay.'of  aiiythiD-  I 
ever  saw." 

M.  H.  Wright.  Hamburg,  Towa,  snvs  :— "  .  am  niuch 
plea.spd  with  your  paper,  Thk  Farm  anii  Gardkn.  I 
cannot  understand  how  so  good  a  monthly  can  be  pro- 
duced for  so  little  money. 

John  Moorda-fT,  Banner  Ranch,  Wyoming  Territory, 
says :— "  I  find  the  reading  matter,  and  the  different 
advice  and  instructions  very  interesting,  and  should  be 
very  sorry  to  miss  a  single  number." 

S.  R.  Smith,  Houlton,  Maine,  writes :— I  like  Thk 
Farm  AKn  Gardkn  much.  I  tliink  it  would  be  hard  to 
find  two  better  papers  than  the  Farm  Journal  B.nd  Farm 
and  Garden.  Lougmay  they  live  to  fiflit  for  the  labor- 
ing classes."  He  agaiu  writes :—"  Was  much  pleased 
with  the  back  numbers  of  Farm  and  Gardkn.   I  am  on 

big 

„  If  1 

live),  take  Tin-:  Farm  and  Garden  right  along.  I  fike 
tlip  paper  ever  so  much.  You  sliall  have  my  little  mite, 
fluaucially.  to  help  you  along." 


the  sick  list,  and  am  unfit  for  work,  so  I  have  had  a  ' 
time'  In  reading  the  good  little  magazine.    I  shall  (If  1 


[We  are  just  as  pleased  to  learn  we  please  our  readers 
and  are  of  use  to  lliem,  as  ever,  and  hope  the  good  feel- 
ing may  continue.— En.j 

Wc  ahi'itys  give  on  this  page  all  ice  have  no  room /or 
rhetcliere.  We  give  much  attention  to  this  page,  A'ou'con 
you  give  us  a  uiord  f  If  so,  allow  us  to  suggest  that  you  send 
us  a  club  {0/  subscribers,  we  mean.) 


In  wrItlUK  ndTertisers.  mention  Farm  and  Cardcn. 


T^,i9  etefatLt  ISK  rolled  g-ild  Tans..-. 
Dianiiind  Rini^.free  to  every  line  send- 
in;;  AOc  f,>r  a  trial  subscription  of  tl 
weeks  to  the  Tanhee  Blode,  the 
oldest  and  best  weekly  family  story 
paper  in  America.  It  has  81aritepa;;es 
full  ot  Stories,  Poetry,  Household  Receipts,  Witty  Sayiiiffs, 
LAughftble  tSketchcs,  etc.  etc  Send  at  once  for  the  best  offer 
CTVinade.  Addreta,  Yavku  Blade,  Boston,  ~  ~ 


Acme  tVER-RteOV  tmulO  CLUC  Requires  no  heat.    Kx- 
'^  celleiit    for   cementing 

Wood.   I.earher.    China,   Arc.      Price,  2V.   b^'  mail. 
STAR  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Wlttahiclion.  Plilladllphla.  P>. 


C/JShotCun 


Jlevolvers, 
■^  Jlifles, 

BreatWerter^ 

0«aWorlLB,PlttBl}nrgh^ 


NEW  &  BARE  l\ 


CAFtLYLE   ON    INTEMPERANCE. 


Is  It  a  green,  flowery  world,  with  azure  ever- 
lasting sky  stretched  over  It,  the  work  antl  gov- 
ernment of  a  (rod;  or  a  inurlc.v,  simmering  to- 
phet  of  coppera.s-fumes,  cotton-fuzzy,  gin-riot, 
wrath,  and  toil,  created  by  a  demon,  governed  by 
a  damon?  The  sum  of  their  wictcliedness,  meri- 
ted or  unmerited,  welters,  huge,  dark,  and  bale- 
ful, like  a  Dante  on  hell,  visible  there  In  thestatis- 
ticsofgin.  Gin, justly  named  the  most  authentic 
Incarnation  of  the  infernal  principle  iu  our  time, 
too  indisputably  an  Incarnation  ;  gin,  the  black- 
throat  into  which  wretchedness  of  every  sort 
communicating  itself  by  calling  on  Delirium  to 
help  it,  whirls  down  ;  abdication  of  the  power  to 
think  or  resolve,  as  too  painful  now  on  the  part 
of  men,  whose  lot,  of  all  others  would  require 
thought  and  resolution;  Ikinid  madness,  sold  at 
tenpence  the  quartern,  all  the  products  of  which 
are,  and  must  be^  like  its  origin,  mad,  miserable, 
ruinous,  and  that  only."  Carl.vle's  appeal  to  the 
workingmea  electors,  doubtless  led  to  the  conver- 
sion of  not  a  few  of  the  long-deluded  victims. 
"No  man  oppresses  thee,  O  free  and  independent 
franchiser;  but  does  not  this  stupid  i>ewter  pot 
oppress  thee?  ^fo  son  of  Adam  can  bid  thee 
come  or  go;  but  this  absurd  pot  of  heavy-wet, 
this  can,  and  does.  Thou  art  the  thrall,  not  of 
Cedric  the  Saxon,  but  of  thy  own  brutal  appetites 
and  this  scorned  dish  of  liquor;  and  thepratest 
of  thy  liberty  !     Thou  entire  blockhead  ! 


RUITS 
PLANTS 
ud8EEDS< 

1  and  aU  the  old  reliable  sorts.    NONE  BKTTER.    None  1 
Cheaper.  Plants, TreeB.'Viaes,  beeds.ttc,  fty  mat/,  aspecialty  j 

rs'vTg?aJ?n,^'l 64  CHOICE  CHEAP  $1  IE 

,  Foretample:  !•>  Bpl^^ndiil  cvf-r-blo.  irninff  Roses,  15  Borte,  onr  . 
cUoii:e,  S*  I  ;  14  mfi^niricyQt  CamatiDng.  14  sorte  §1;  14 
Chr79anthemuni3,  14  sorta,  Sil  ;  3<»_packet9  choice  Flower 
Seeds,  ^l,  or  |  7  for  60c.*or  8  for  aoc;  2f)  packets  choice 
Vegetable  Sf>ed8,  S  I .  or  1  I  for  oOc,  or  7  for  2oc.  7  pktB 
choice  VegHtfil.le  and  S  pkts.  choice  Flower  Seeds,  50r  1 
Kieffer  Standard  Pear,  1  Russian  Apricot,  and  I  Champion  Quince,  !jS  1 ,  12  Grope  Vines,  4  eorta,  Sl» 
or  12  all  Concord,  J^l.  7.istr"nK  Strawberry  Plants.  •  sorts,  early  to  late  ^  1 .  7,j  HordjCatolpa,  81. 
-10  Sweet  Chestnuts,  !^  1 .  30  Mulberries.  10  each  Russian,  Black  English  and  Whit«  I*  I .  For  the  other 
h\  $1  sets,  and  !,0"il  things  beside,  ai^nd  for  oqt  valuable  Catalogue  of  over  110  pages  FUKE.  Every 
thingkept  in  theNorsery  Uue,  trom  p<jt  plants  to  forest  trees,  including  an  immense  stock  of  Grape  Vines 
and  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  of  all  sizes.    Blst  Year.    500  Acres.    21  Larae  Greenbooses. 

THE  STORRS  &  HARRISON  CO.  hi^^^^^l^h^^ 


+ 
+ 


LooKrxr,  Guilty.— This  is  often  taken  as  a 
proof  of  eullt,  but  an  Innocent  man  is  much  more 
apt  to  be  utterly  confounded  when  charged  with 
crime,  than  the  real  offender.  He  has,  commonly. 


AMERICAN  I  AGRICULTURIST 

100  COLUMNS  AND  100  ENGRAVINGS  IN  EACH  ISSUE. 

THE   RECOGNIZED   LEADING  PERIODICAL   OF  ITS   KIND   IN   THE  WORLD. 

UNPARALLELED   OFFER: 

i^A  $4  PERIODICAL  FOR  $1.50  "V 

100,000  CYCLOP/EDIAS  GIVEN  AWAY. 

r>ver.v  subscrllwr  to  thi-  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  OLD  OR  NEW,  English  or  Ger 
man,  whose  subscription  t<.r  l^v,  w  ininiediiiteb  forwarded  us,  tofiether  with  tbe  price. 
^150  per  year,  mid  1.5  cf^nts  (xira  lur  postage  ou  Cvclopaedia~makingfl.65  in  all— will 
receiVH  th*"  Anurii-tin  AnricuUuri.^i  lor  all  of  1H»5,  and  be  presented  with  the  Ainericnn 
Asrifiilturi'it  Fnmilv  i'velopwdia  0"^'  out),  700  imees,  and  over  1000 
KneraviutfH.    :Siruii{;ly  bound  iu  cloth,  black  aud  gold. 

Vol.  8th,  Tenth  C*>nsu8.  just  issued,  says  :  "  The  Amfriran  AnriruUuriM  Is  especially 
worthy  of  mention,  because  of  the  remarkable  success  tliat  has  attended  the  unique  and 
untiring  efforts  uf  its  propretors  to  increase  and  extend  Its  circulation,  which  at  one 
time  reached  a  point  undoubtedly  higher  than  was  ever  before  attained  by  a  journal  of 
its  class.  Its  content-;  are  duplicated  every  m.onth  for  a  German  edition,  which  also 
circulates  wldelv."  Probablv  no  government  publication  ever  before  went  out  of  iis 
way,  unsolicited^  to  bestow  such  flattering  notices  upon  a  Journal  published  by  private 
individuals.  .^_^^_^^^^_.^^^^^--^^_ 

Send  iliree  two-cent  stamps,  or  six  centa  for  mailing  you,  post-paid,  a  speclm:-.  copy 
"f  the  A.iirrirnn  Aprir-ulturist.  an  elei;ant  forty-pat:*'  Premium  IJsI.  ^\■l^h  JOO  illustration.- 
;ind  specimen  pages  of  the  Family  Cyclopiedia.     CantKUisers  wanUd everuivfiere.     Addressi 

ORANCE   JUDD   CO.,    DAVID  W.  JUDD,  President. 

VSl  BaOADWAV.   NEW   TOKK  CITT. 


12 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


■Vol.  IV.,  nSTo.  "V. 


The  subscription  price  of  The  Fhtiii  nnd  Gar- 
den is  50  ceniM  a  yeni-,  invnriiilil}  in  advance.  It 
issent  in  clubN  at '^5  ceiitH  a  j  ear  when  font- or 
more  subHcribcr!*  are  sent  at  one  time,  bul  no 
Binsle  0(ubscription  will  be  entered  at  less  tlian 
full  rate. 

HOW  TO  SEND   MONEY. 


There  is  but  little  trouble  in  scmlinK  money  any  dis- 
tance safelv  by  mail.  The  safest  wuys  are  by  post  tjffice 
monev  orders,  postal  notcR,  bank  drafts,  express,  or 
registered  le'lers.  sninU  '^uins  mav  be  sent  in  postaire 
stamps.  Post  ofRoe  niniiev  orders  can  be  obtained  at 
any  post  office  umney  order  offirt^  for  any  sum  less  than 
len  dollars  for  ei^ht  cents,  up  tn  as  large  a  snni  as  one 
hundred  dollars  for  a  slight  adflitidrml  cost.  Bank  drafts 
In  the  same  wav  can  be  obtained  of  any  banker  tor  from 
10  to  2')  cents.  Money  can  be  sent  from  all  p<jintH  reached 
bv  the  American  Express  Company  to  us  for  the  small 
Bum  of  5  cents.  Adania  Kxpress  Company  will  for- 
ward monies  in  sums  of  twentv  dollars  or  less,  for 
15  cents.  lari;er  sums  in  pr'ipurtinn.  Our  readers  can 
Bee  how  e-asv  it  is  to  send  moop^-  to  us  or  to  any  part  of 
the  Unitetl  Slates.  Monev  can  be  sent  in  a  reiostered 
letter  from  any  post  office  in  the  United  States  tor  an 
additional  10  cents  above  the  ordinarv  postage.  Money 
may  be  Bent  very  safelv  that  wav.    Postmasters  are  re- 


like  the   way  to    hell,  is   paved   with    good    in-  ;     That  home-grown  seeds  are  always  better  and 
tentiouB.  more  reliable  than  those  bought  directly  from 


Have  an  occasional  agricultural  talk  with  your 
neighbor. 

Read  gc>od  agricultural  papers  and  inform  your- 
self about  the  doings  of  other  fanners. 

Subscribe  at  once  for  the  Farm  and  Garden, 
unless  you  have  already  done  so. 


the  seedsman. 
■i      That  potatoes  should  be  planted  to  one  eye. 

That  liquid  manuring  is  beneficial  to  tomatoee. 

That  it  is  cheaper  to  buy  vegetables  than  to 
raise  them. 

That  improved  stock  will  do  well  with  indiff- 
erent manjigement. 

That  it  is  good  economy  to  sell  unleached  wooc 
ashes  for  twelve  or  tifteen  cents,  or  even  for  twlot 
that  amount,  per  bushel. 

That  farmers  should  confine  themselves  alto- 
gether to  specialties. 

That  a  good  cow  should  be  sold,  because  she 


There  are  some  features  in   the  English  yjost^ 
oltice  regulations  that  should  bo  introduced  into 
the  United  States  postal  laws  for  the  benefit  of] 
the  American  farmer.    It  is  said  th<*  larmer  pays  \ 

all;  that  saying  may  not  be  true,  but  he  does  pay  I      „„ .„.. ....  . — 

well  for  his    mail    privileges.     In    England   an  !  brings  the  most  money,  and  a  poor  one  kept- 
ounce  letter  or  less  is  carried  for  two  cents  (an        That  "rich,  thick  dish-water      nlone  is  gcxKi 


SILK  CULTURE 


English  pennr),  two  ounces  for  three  cents,  four 

ounces  for  four  cents,  eight  ounces  for  six  cents. 

ten  ounces  for  seven    cents,  twelve    ounces    for 

eight  cents,  and  two  cents  for  each  ounce  over 

twelve  o'.inces.     No  letter   mailed    larger   than 

eighteen  inches  long,  nine  inches  wide,  and  six 

inches  deep.    The  rates  being  so  low,  and  the 

delivery  so  prompt,  that  parc»!ls  are  mailed  by 

jetter-post,  a.s  there   is  no  delay  in  letter-post. 

Boobs  of  any  kind  (not  obscene),  printed  matter 

of  any  kind,  is  sent  by  book-post  at  the  uniform 

rate  of  one  cent  (half-penny(  for  each  two  ounces 

or   fraction   of  two  ounces. 

No  book  packet  can  exceed 

letter  size,  eighteen   inches 

long,  nine  inches  wide,  and 

six   inches  deep,  or  weight 

to  exceed  live  pounds. 

Parcels-post  includes  al- 
most every  form  of  mer- 
chandise, sci'ds,  trees,  met- 
als, and  even  fish,  meat, 
game,  and  eggs  can  be  sent 

tiiatprial— 1»  wnnt  which   no  longer  i-xUt».     by  parcels  post       No   l>arcel 

•V  .ub«rlptlo..  ,.,  the  Kabu  .M,  ij.R^.v  (ti„.    ,  -  ,„„ j,„bif  that   nicjisures 


NECESSARY  MATERIALS 
E  FOR  IT  AT  YOUR  HOME. 


hog  feed. 

That  a  young  orchard  will  do  well  in  weeds, 
sod,  or  grain. 

That  the  moon  influences  vegetation. 


Till  <-ul)iirv  I  r  ^i;k  is  Nt'tur  adapt4rd  to  home  Induotry  than  any 
otbiT  hniiKli  ■•!  ni'Tk  wliioli  op«n-  a,-  larc,^  a  In-l'l  in  tin  i  .ni.uii  rcial  mar- 
hft,  it  b.jing  \Hluat)k'  Jt*  a  comoiorfily.  and  lar.:ely  in  •jitiiuiiii.  It  pur* 
tlcularly  oommenijii  Ibielf  to  women  anil  ehilitjvn  or  thr  rural 
diMriclJi  a«  an  ix-i-iiiiation  of  lnt«UiKent  and  moml  bcarliie,  not 
requiring  coDHIaul  dutv,  but  enabling  the  purttt'H  to  purMue  thelp 
boui««hold  dntleM.,' and  It  i"  atlra^^lini;  witlc^pi.  i,.t  ;.ll.i.ti..ii,  I  bv 
groat  drawback  to -ilk  culture  in  the  tia>t  has  boon  Tie  nam  ut  null  " 
ntaiiufnclufp   the   raw 

We  "ilt  iiietuile  a  year'        ---  - 

pajieri  i-tuny  one  .cndlnu  un  order  amoantlne  to  ^l.OO  .i.-.. 
UIT«9IAN  Mi:LltF,RI£Y,  !>  ...n  ,....t  laid  -Two  to  4  In.he-  hlchi 
S<(fori»l  (lO-  lOO  fbr  *2.00.  Four  to  B  lii.ln--  hlKh,  2&  for  ♦1.1)«!  1 0<>  lot 
SsOO  8  "  o  l"i  nche.  hleh.  l.".  lor*l.<>ll:  1  f»>  for  1114.00.  TweUe_.t.ol« 
Inehe-hleh.  l4for.ill.0o:  1  o%  for  *o.«0.  M  I.k  «  ..RMF.fit 
Japancar  iind  Freneh  \  ellow  5<>  e>iil«  per  loOOor* 


Don't  vou  think,  really,  that  we  have  done  our 
duty  by  vou?  If  so,  send  us  the  names  of  four 
new  subscribers,  with  just  one  dollar.  We  think 
you  owe  us  this  work  of  appreciation.  Witt 
lOO.iK"!  subscribers  we  can  do  better  than  witt- 
half  that  number,  and  still  better  with  150,000. 
Do  your  part  and  enable  us  to  do  ours  to  our 
fullest  capacity. 


The  Home  an<t  F«r»i  recommends  chloride  of 
lime  as  an  Infallible  cure  for  the  hog  cholera. 
Dissolve  one  pound  of  it  in  water,  and  soaJi 
therein  one  bushel  of  corn.  Let  the  hogs  cat  -.i. 
full  meal  of  this  occasionally. 


White 

,.-  -    -  -   '.tlO  |Hr  oiineo.    A  complete 

Text^boak  on  Silk  <"ullur.-  lor  as  ot».  'Thiro  la  no  dlavouiil    from  tlieae  iirleei*. 
Addrcs,  FARM  AND  GARDEN,   PHILADELPHIA.   PA. 


A  snow  shovel  is  easiiv  made,  and  may  come 
handv.  A  piece  of  thin  board,  2iPXoO  inches,  or 
over  thrrr/ri-t.  .■«>  inr)in  li.nti,  j^irgi  f,  a  cross  piece  and  a  handle  is  all  the  mate- 
or  weighs  over  seven  pounds  !  rial  needed, 
in  tme  parcel,  but  any  nuni- 


qulretl  lo  rCKtsler  any  letter  when  requesle.l  l.i  'I"/-! 
Pleftfle  observe  that  postal  notes  are  suler  to  seiitl  lliiin 
bank  notes  as  lliey  can  tie  made  payable  on  the  back  to 
our  ortler.  anil  no  one  else  would  be  sale  lo  set  the 
monev  on  them.  Stamps  are  sal.r  to  seiiil  Iban  silver. 
as  It  often  cuts  and  wears  tlirougli  ihe  letter  anil  loses  in 
the  mall.  Do  not  roolsleii  the  stamps  i.r  sliek  lliein  on 
the  letter  but  put  them  in  dry  ami  U»usely.  Make  all 
monev  orders,  bank  drafls.  etc..  payable  tii  the  order  of 
Chlld"Bros.  *  (1...  Philadelphia,  Pa.  S4eal  all  lellersse- 
curelv  and  address  thent  plainly  to  The  I-arm  and 
OARliKN.  Philadelphia.  Pa.  We  are  so  well  known  to 
the  Past  Oinee  Department  thai  the  ahiive  address  is  all 
that  Is  needed  lor  a  letter  lo  safely  reach  us. 


Gdiiioi^ial  (sommenii 


These  papers  ni*c  especinlly  recoronienilcd  to 
«ur  remferH.  and  sent  each  one  year,  with  Farm 
and  (>arden.  for  Ihe  followiiie  |ii-ice«  i— 
Rural  Nevr  Yorker  and  Snd  Olilrlbulion.  ^i.'H 

American  .4cricalliirUt  and  Eiic|<lo;cilll,       .    IMH 
Farmer's  Krview.    .....    l.'iH 

Hoirie  ami   Farm.       .....       .7.5 


lliree  to  live  pininds 


ber  of  parcels  may  be  scut 
The  postage  is  veiy  low.  (Jne 
ptmnd  or  less, six  cents;  one 
to  three  pi>unds,  twelve  cts.; 
fighteeit  cents;  live  to  seven 
pounds,  twciity-four  cents,  which  also  includes 
free  delivery  in  every  town  where  there  is  a  mail 
delivery.  Had  we  the  same  rates  which  our 
government,  with  its  overtlowing  treasury,  could 
easily  establish,  wc  could  receive  by  mail  by 
parrel  post,  seetls,vines,  pUints,  and  nterchandiso, 
seven  piiunds  for  twenty-four  cents,  English  rate, 
which  now  costs  by  mail  at  our  rates,  SI. 12;  or  a 
letter-parcel  of  twelve  ounces,  which  jit  the  Eng- 
lish   


Take  tare  of  the  kitchen  and  chamber  slops, 
etc.  Eiiii)t.v  them  upon  the  manure  heaps,  but 
do  not  li  1  them  be  emptied  out  near  the  house. 
They  iiniJiove  the  manure  pile,  but  are  danger- 
ous when  accumulated  around  the  dwelling. 


The  best  and  quickest  way  to  kill  fowls  le  by- 
cutting  oil  tluir  heads  with  a  sharp  axe.  It  seems 
to  us  that  the  advice  of  poultry  jotinials  and 
commission  dealer's  circulars,  t<i  kill  poultry  by 
bleeding  In  the  niotith  and  to  "  fick  hi  fore  tfifj/ 
-  1  sliij)  blecrlinri,"  is  extremely  cruel,  and  results  in 
rate  would  cost  eight  cents,  or  at  our  rate  '  i, , tub  unnecessary  sufl'ering  to  the  poor  creatures. 


.1  uirllfdUrd  pa/H-r  t*  lil;r  <i  mll-preparcd  dinner, 
U  is  .lure  to  be  npprerinttif. 

A  farmer  who  d'n-.i  his  work  out  o/  season  and  a 
paper  thai  tvlUs  you  how  to  plant  corn  in  winter  does 
not  prosper.  

January.  "The  king  is  dead;  long  live  the 
king." 

The  old  .year  has  passed  away :  a  new  one  is 
born.  Wc'bury  the  one  without  song  and  with- 
out regret,  and  welcome  the  other  wuh  jiliniKst 
the  same  feelings  of  tenderness  and  Joy  which 
agiliite  the  inotner's  heart  wlien  she  takes  the 
new-born  babe  to  her  breast,  (ireat  hopes  arc 
concentrated  in  the  new-coiner.  We  go  about, 
our  faces  radiant  with  cmoliims  of  Joy  and  plea.s- 
ure*  we  want  to  shake  the  hands  of  everybody 
we  'meet,  especially  yotirs,  kind  reader,  and 
heartily  greet  you,  Happu  Xrw  Year  I 

In  many  things  the  old  year  has  disappointed 
us;  btit  the  bl(?ssings  which  it  has  refused  to 
grant,  we  expect  the  new  year  to  bring  to  us  in 
abundance,— general  prosperity,  health,  wealfli. 
joy,  and  happiness.  .So  passes  one  year  after  an- 
other.   In  the  morning  the  skies  may  be  serciu 


forty-eight  cents.  'ITtcre  is  a  great  dilTcrencc  in 
the  cheapness  of  rates.  If  we  can  carry  books, 
Ac.  at  English  rate  (oite  cent  for  two  ounces), why 
can  we  not  carry  letters  .and  parcels  as  cheap? 
Let  the  average  Congressman  answer.  In  the 
meantime,  the  American  farmer  and  busiitess 
man  must  pay  from  four  and  one-half  to  niite 
timis  as  iiiucli,  for  the  same  service,  as  his  Eng- 
lish cousin.  Brother  farmers,  let  us  hurry  up  our 
(/ougress.  and  get  it  cheaper  letter  and  parcel 
postal  ser\  ice.        

Let  us  not  forget  the  many  new  and  important 
lessons  wiiich  we  have  learned  during  the  yesir 
just  pitsM'tl.  We  wert^  brought  face  to  face  with 
new  condlliiins  and  circumstam-e;  we  have  been 
forced  to  abandon  old  methods  and  adopt  new 
ones.  Some  branches  of  agriculture  have  suffered 
serious  injury;  some  industries  were  nearly 
wrecked,  others,  new  ones,  were  ushered  into 
existence.  .Mways  ready  to  grasp  everything 
that  gives  promise  of  utility  and  help,  we  never 
hesitau-  to  change  f>ur  plans  and  to  ht  our  meth- 
ods to  the  new  order  ol^things. 

We  can  hanlly  conceive  of  a  better  plan  how  to 
Impress  the  last  season's  les.son  indelibly  on  our 
minds,  than  by  studying  again  the  agricultural 
papers  which  we  have  on  flic,  and  by  measuring 
the  teachings  and  doctrines  of  the  writers,  iluir 
predictions,  methods  and  plans  by  the  critcriini 
of  our  own  experience  during  the  past  year.  We 
can  now  easily  see  where  those  writers  were  right 
or  wrong,  where  our  own  management  was  at 
fault,  and  how  wc  could  have  done  better.  Let 
these  lessons  guide  us  in  the  fiiture. 


lA-t  us  Ik'  decent   about    it.    If  this  method 
slaughtering  is  preferred,  the  knilc  should  enter 
the  fowl's  brains  before  you  can  think  of  pickiug. 


The  low  price  of  wheat  admits  ,,f  at  least  ore- 
consolation.  There  is  hope  for  a  reaction.  Checi> 
wheat  must  increase  consumption,  and  people 
having  once  Ictirned  to  use  more  of  this  coreai, 
will  find  it  a  necessity  hereafter. 


Clippings. 


n  i.t  our  d<.iiir  to  nuike  Ihrte  so  full  niul  rarifd  thai  every 
rf<l*r  o/  THK  FaKM  ASDOABDKN.fl'ii  Ililxllth  hr!a/i>i 
no  other  fxiprr  om/rrl  in  a  measure  uci/va:nltU  with  uti 
the  Uadino  pttttlicalions. 


The  catalogues  of  our  advertisers  can  be  had 

for  the  asking.    Send  a  postal  to  the  seed  dealers 

and  tinti'd  with  gold  aiid  rose,  yet  who  knows  but  i  and  nurserymen.  Their  catalogues  will  acquaint 


that  diniils  may  appear  tit  noon,  and  the  even 
ing  be  coUl  and  stormv. 

We  will  not  siieak  ill  of  the  dead.  The  old 
year  has  given  us  ver.v  little  reason  to  grumble, 
after  all.  Rich  crops  have  been  the  covetetl  re- 
ward for  the  husbandman's  earnest  efforts,  and 
if  prices  have  ruled  a  little  low,  yet  we  are  in  a 
fairly  prosperous  condition.  May  the  New  Year 
fulflil  its  mission  as  well  as  the  old  one  has  done, 
and  be  a  happy  one  to  every  one  of  our  readers. 


January's  work  on  the  farm  is  not  less  import- 
ant than  that  of  any  other  month  in  the  year. 
Do  your  chores  regularly.  Make  the  wood  pile 
grow  from  day  to  day.  Gather  the  ice  crop  as 
soon  as  ripe;  it  may  "shell  out"  or  melt  away. 
It  is  one  of  the  few  crops  that  will  grow  without 
cultivation.  All  that  ft  requires  is  the  harvest- 
ing and  storing.  Perhaps  that  is  just  the  very 
reason  why  so  many  do  without  it.  Every  farm- 
er should  have  an  ice  house. 

Draw  wood  and  logs  while  there  is  sleighing. 

Do  tiot  neglect  to  provide  ws.tcr  for  all  of  your 
stock  every  day.  no  nintter  how  cold  it  is.  Fowls 
need  diink  as  w*'ll  as  cows  or  horses. 

Get  a  new  aeconut-book,  and  above  all,  keep 
accounts. 

If  you  turn  that  new  teaf,  tuinrt  to  let  it  stay 
turned,  aud  reiueuiber  that  the  road  to  failure. 


you  with  the  prices  of  seeds,  plants,  trees,  and 
implements,  and  give  you  otherwise  useful  in- 
formation. Then  when  the  agents  and  tree  ped- 
dlers come  along  and  ask  you  K.OO  a  piece  for 
jiear  trees,  and  il.rii)  ea-h  for  grape  vines,  as 
some  agents  did  in  Virginia,  under  the  pretense 
that  the  pears,  etc.  were  to  fruit  in  two  years, 
and  the  grape  vines  were  a  new  kind,  needing 
no  trimming,  you  will  know  how  to  treat  them. 


M'hilc  we  endeavor  to  impart  useful  knowledge 
antl  deal  out  seasonable  advice,  it  is  also  our 
duty  to  warn  you  af;i;iust  false  prophets:  expose 
the  erroneous  teacliings  of  certain  writers  and 
journals,  and  point  out  to  you  jHipular  errors. 

Here  is  our  first  contribution  to  the  list  of  in- 
jurious doctrines  and  pet  notions:  Vou  should 
not  t>elicvc — 

That  2  pecks  of  seed  wheat  per  aero  arc  enough 
and  better  than  six. 
-That  cows  shouitl  have  no  salt. 
^'Thnt  cucumber  vines  can  easily  be  grown  from 
cuttings. 

That  it  is  more  profltable  to  pack  apples  in 
"pony"  barrels  {ot  ■2',-.^  bushels),  than  in  barrels 
holdliig  ^  bushels. 

Tliat  city  markets  always  altord  bttter  prices 
than  local  or  home  niarl^ets. 


From"  Jtural  Xcir  Yor/cir,'  .V-  ;e  I'...  /,. 

THE   MARLBORO    RASPBERRY. 

Articles  have  appeared  in  the  Jiurai  lately,  rating  ihe 
character  of  the  Marlboro  Rasi  berry  below  that  giver: 
hv  Its  orlBinator.  A  short  time  .since  a  writer,  oyer  the 
si'L'iialnre  of  "A.  B.  «'."  In  a  halt  column  descilMng  a 
visit  among  the  fruits,  declared  the  Marlboro  to  he 
worthless.  When  a  new  Unit  Is  offered  to  the  country, 
iiurchasers  have  an  undoubted  right  to  invtsligale  its 
character,  and  charge  it  with  any  weakness  or  inferi- 
ority in  It:  but  no  one  has  an  honorable  ncld  lo  strlBe 
In  the  dark,  and  then  hide  himself  from  Lis  o)  purent, 
Thla  anonvnuis  writer  we  would  not  have' nollted,  bad 
we  nut  lately  seen,  in  the  edilotlal  column  ol  the  Kvrai, 
an  cvtntet  'from  a  letter  written  bv  Charles  Hownini;. 
ratini;  the  quality  of  the  Marlboro  lower  than  any  one 
else  has  rated  it. 

Bit  other  well-known  horticulturists  do  not  agree 
with  Mr.  Downing.  The  Iton.  M.  P.  Wilder  in  iinder- 
scoreil  lines,  savs  it  is  "  wrv  priod.  >Rthaiiiel  Hallock, 
an  old  raspberry  grower,  to  win .m  is  auiibmedthe  com- 
mencemeiit  of  the  raspberry  business  on  the  Jluoson 
Elver,  savs  it  is  "  excenent  in  flavor, 'Oudce  I  arrj.  oJ 
N.  J.,  a  life-long  berry  grower,  Ba>s  it  Is  ew-ellent  In 
oualitv  "  P.  C.  Bevnolds.  of  ihe  ..f ;ii< iiVon  Sural  liinni. 
ahort'ifulturlst  of  long  experieiKe.  In  speaking  of  some 
of  the  finest  fruits  in  exist,  nee,  ineluiled  the  Marlbl.ro. 
"Mr  E.  S  Carman,  edili.r  of  the  Burnl  yen--imk,r.  ihe 
Exponent  of  new  IruHs,  whose  fe^'r'ess  Btatenienia  o( 
fai'ls  are  proverbial,  and  who  has  declared  that  be  « «ulil 
publish  thetruth  if  it  "  buraled  H'f -'•"i"-"'.  ."if"  ")";f  ?J«t 
his  opinion  at  different  times  to  the  effect  ihat  it  »ae  a 
delicious  rasviherry,  and  later.  "  f o r  a  .^spberry  exw- 
leiit  in  everv  way.  plant  the  new  J''"'Horo.  Mr.  Na- 
Uian  Williams,  an  old  raspberry  grower  ol  Highland, 
s'.idheri.rea  iiieetineof  fruit  glowers.  "  that  >1  was  the 
finest  vai  iety  he  knew  of "  .',     ^ 

We  nii"ht  add  a  ihousand   more  testimonials  from. 

horticulturists  and  edili.rs.    It e  more  vear  Hub  new 

1-uilwill  he  In  the  hmids  of  ihe  peolde.  w1,en  Ibeimii. 
Ing  of  Its  character  will  be  heyoud  liienai-hol  privat. 
lute'rest  and  private  oiiiiiions. 


rwe  have  no  desire  to  modify  anything  we  ha 
■irnrdlng  the  Marlboro  from  our  preseiii  eyp 


rerrardlng 
will  ■ 


1  It.— Eds,  RiBAL  Kbw  Yorker.] 


A.  J.  C.iYWflflD  *  SUN 

ve  said" 
perienee 


A  nut  for  MOu  to  rrnrk.-  Who  icn.«  the  first  pmrliriil  pr'^ 
tectionM  oud  bv  whni  means  did  he  seek  to  accontpltsn  liu- 
;m'pw'.»  li,ul;,our  ansufr  with  a  rlut,  of  four  .t..(MrrS. 
tiers,  tout  we  will  ptve  you  a  prfiiilum. 


THE  FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


•3 


7%e:  eM€nee  of  milk  U  rrtctm^  and  our  eltpplno*  are  the 
ram  of  our  rxchange^ 

Make  a  srrap-book  of  all  thr  good  tfUnga  you  read  and 
M  uria  goon  have  a  valuadle  library. 


I  "*N!eUion<U  Stockman,'  Putsburg,  Pti. 
Tke  orchard  should  now  receive  ibe  farmer's  attea- 
tl*n.  aud  the  young  trees  be  put  In  proper  condition  to 
withstand  the  ncroachnients  of  mice,  rabbits, and  other 
vwmin  during  the  winter  Hea-son.  Many  are  the  waj-s 
pr«cti<\Hl  to  protect  the  young  trees,  but  none  of  them 
sees*  to  be  more  auccesHiul  than  the  use  of  tarred  paper 
or  straw  wrapped  closely  around  the  trunk  of  the  tree. 
Amother  method  Is  to  save  the  old  tin  cans,  throw  them 
«n  the  Are  untU  the  solder  meJt.s,  then  pull  them  open 
aad  bend  thera  aronnd  the  youim  flrutt  trees,  pressiuEr 
the  eads  down  Into  the  ground.  This  is  very  discourag- 
ing to  mice  Hud  rabbits.  There  are  other  things  lo  look 
JobesideH  pnttecting  from  vermin.  The  fall  sea.son  is, 
;perhap6,  the  In-st  time  to  trim  fruit  trees  and  put  them 
vn  ^ood  shape,  the  manuring  of  the  orchard  is  very  im- 
partaal,  &3  there  is  but  little  land  strong  enough. 

A-«m  **  The  Oreen  Mouv/ain  News." 

A  CLIMATIC    MARVEL. 

Although  the  vast  territory  of  Alaska  measures  1,400 
«lle«  eoe  way  and  2,200  the  other,  and  its  furthest  island 
Is  aa  tar  we«t  of  San  Francisco  as  that  city  is  west  of 
Bath,  in  Maine,  few  people  liave  any  clear  idea  of  the 
country  and  ius  people.  Within  the  1,400  miles  between 
ita  northern  and  southern  boundaries,  there  Is  chance 
for  a  great  range  of  climate,  and  while  the  northern 
>art  of  the  mainland  lies  within  the  Arctic  circle,  and  is 
wrapped  in  the  snow  and  Ice  of  polar  regions,  southern 
Alaska  rejoices  in  winter  that  Is  not  as  severe  aa  that  of 
Maryland  or  Kentucky.  The  Isothermal  lines  make 
strange  curves  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and,  influenced  by 
the  warm  Japan  stream  or  Kuro-8ino.  a  mild  temperate 
climate  is  given  to  the  shores  and  archipelago  of  south- 
western Alaska.  As  In  California,  temperature  and 
ciimate  depend  more  upon  the  distance  trom  the  .nea 
coast  than  upon  distance  from  the  equator,  ami  Sitka 
Bnmmer8are()uitea.s  wind v  and  fog^.but  hardly  cooler 
thaa  those  ot  San  Francisco.  Hiika  itself  lies  In  the 
eaae  latitude  as  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  and  In  all  the 
Islands  south  of  It  'here  Is  much  the  same  climate, 
accompanied  by  the  corresponding  ocean  currens  as  pre^ 
TBlla  oa  the  west  coast  of  Ireland.  Bv  the  records  ofthe 
Bosslan  observatory,  maintained  at  Sitka  for  fil'ty  vears, 
the  thermometer  fell  to  zero  only  three  times' during 
flhat  period.  The  reports  of  the  commanders  of  the 
XJaited  States  ships  during  the  past  four  years  confirm 
Uus  climatic  marvel,  and  show  many  other  strange 
ulagsin  meteorology. 

-F^rmn  "■  Omaha  Oyrrmiercial  Ape-"  , 

A   BILLION. 


nORR'S  IOWA  SEEDS. 

FOR  ALL  COUNTRIES.     CHOICE  NEW  SEEDS  FOR  1885. 


Grown  from  the  best  stock,  and  sold  direct  to  the  planter  at  reasonable  prices,  and  delivered  (with 
few  exceptions)  to  any  post  office  In  the  United  States,  all  charges  fully  prepaid.  We  oflfer  none  bS 
^;  "rfi'If,"'  "Jl'^.'.'.'^ll^"  ^^'^  -P«^  '■^«  "^'  care/uliy,  select  what  you  want,  and  send  iSs  til 

^'^^X^  C.  W.  Dorr  &  Co.,  grS'w'eV  282  Fourth  St.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

And  we  will  see  that  you  are  well  served 

COLLECTIONS   OF    VECETABLE    SEEDS. 

voii^X?«h"t^J[pr?rf^'"i?lnn"'^1''°.1^  know  just  which  varieties  to  Pf-Ie<-t.  and  will  send  us  the  amonnt  of  money 
AJ^^eetlbie^sJ^Arrlin^^  the  best  selections  for  your  locality,  and  guarantee  a  liberal  quantity  of  seSI 

excPiit  PP^  TWnf  «nHnl  ^  mail  or  express  to  any  address.  r/iflrp^«  pi-epaid  through  bi/us.at  prices  named. 
^^^^frVh^f^;   .f^.'^^-.^o"^^:?/^'.^  larger  quantities  than  packets,  which  are  sent  by  express  or  freiglit.  at  expense 


of  nnr.TiR^apr   ,,nicl.B  9>{7^,y,  .oit;^*  qu^iuLi*^  umii  pHciteiH,  wnicn  are  sent  Dv  express  or  ireigiit.  at  exc 

w..mr  r.^nlr^'i,  J^c?^  ^^^^  P^**  ''"^''*  '*^^  ^^^'^  ^°*'  ^*'^'*'  ^"^  ^0  ccuts  for  Oom,  Is  added  to  prepay  piistage: 
^eni  papers  -y)  c^nts  per  dozen.    All  10-cent  papers  ?1.00  per  dozen.    Our  packets  are  all  well  flllid.'  *^"^*'- 


Kgyptian  Reet. 


Wfcat  is  a  billion?  In  the  French  system  of  notation 
whlcfa  Is  also  used  in  the  United  States,  It  Ls  a  thousand 
■illUon.  But  the  English  system  gives  the  name  billion 
to  a  aiilllon  million.  The  word  is  used  In  the  latter  sense 
iB  this  aritcle.  Sir  Henry  Bessemer,  the  famous  inven- 
tor, who  is  in  the  habit  of  occupying  his  leisure  with 
mrious  calculatious  for  the  amusement  of  his  grand- 
cMldren,  trie-l  to  convey  some  idea  of  the  Immensity 
eziiressed  in  this  little  word.  He  took  it  suceesively  as 
a  measure  of  time,  of  length,  and  of  height.  Selecting 
the  second  as  the  unit  to  be  in  the  first  calculatloD  he 
began  with  the  startling  assenlon  that  a  billion  seconda 
hare  not  yet  elapsed  since  the  cocumencement  of  the 
^rietlao  era— nor,  indeed,  even  the  sixteenth  part  of 
that  number.  A  billion  seconds  make  3I.6S7  years,  17 
dayn,  22  hours,  45  minutes  and  5  seconds.  In  regard  to 
length,  he  chose  for  his  unit  the  English  sovf  reign  a 
coin  the  size  of  a  half-eagle.  A  chain  of  a  billion  sover- 
^as  would  be  louij  enough  to  pass  seven  hundi*'d  and 
■Ixty-three  times  around  the  globe;  or  supposing  these 
coins  laid  side  by  side,  each  in  contact  with  its  neighbor 

SBuld  lorm  about  the  earth  a  golden  zone  lifty-wix  feet 
K  inches  wide^  This  same  chain,  were  it  stretched  out 
utral^hx,  would  make  a  line  a  fraction  over  18,338  435 
xailes  ia  extent.  For  measure  of  height.  Sir  Henry 
«&*se  for  aait  a  single  sheet  of  such  paper  as  that  upon 
which  the  tiondon  Ti)ne.i  Ls  printed— a  measure  of  about 
one  three  hundred  thirty-third  of  an  Inch  In  thickness 
A  hillion  of  these  thin  sheeta,  pressed  out  flat  and  piled 
Tert-ically  upon  each  other,  would  attain  the  altitude  of 
vMH  Bailes.  

.Awn  "  Oanadlan  Breeder. " 

HOW  TO   MILK. 

R  is  not  every  dairyman  who  know-i  hov  to  Milk- 
Mae  cannot,  and  others  will  not  learn.  Vast  numbers 
m  enod  cows  are  ruined  every  year  by  carelessness,  by 
■eelecl  and  by  brutality  of  milkers.  The  manner  of 
Btillcln^,  and  the  circumstances  connected  therewith, 
are  ofl<*n  not  understood,  not  fully  appreciat^'d  by  dairy- 
mea.  I  heard  two  farmers  recently  comparing  the 
yteld  «f  luilk  from  their  respective  herds  lor  the  past 
•easoB.  The  receipts  of  one  were  about  a  third  more 
Miao  those  the  other,  and  the  latter  said :— "  I  cannot 
OMderstand  this;  my  feed,  my  water  supply  and  my 
•ows  are  as  good  as  yours.'*  The  reply  was  :— "  Yes  hat 
whea  my  milkers  go  to  milk,  they  understand  that  it 
meaas  business.  I  will  not  have  a  poor  milker  around 
at  any  prices  and  I  talk  this  over  when  I  hire  him,  and 
he  naderstands  what  I  will  have."  It  was  evident  the 
sabject  had  a  value  which  carried  conviction.  The  quan- 
tity of  milt  that  a  cow  elves,  depends  much  upon  the 
mode,  tuue  and  resularltv  or  milklni<.  Cows  do  best 
that  have  one  regular  milker,  and  th.-  time  of  milking 
■houtd  be  carefully  attended  to,  and  not  be  subject  to 
variation  from  day  to  day.  The  udder  sliould  be  bruwhed 
and  In  case  of  any  dirt  on  it  should  be  cleansed  by  wash- 
Ine  with  a  cloth  and  water;  for  if  the  uow  has  been 
drives  throGsh  any  muddy  place  and  thus  become  b*^ 
(imeared.  any  dirt  accid«*ntlv  lalling  Into  the  pull  will- 
wmmnnicate  ita  taint  to  the  milk.  Wetting  the  hands 
and  teat.s  with  milk  betore  milking  Is  a  very  bad  prao- 
iico.  This  should  always  be  avoided,  both  for  the  com- 
fort of  the  animal  and  the  cleanliness  of  the  milk.  The 
millcer  should  have  short  finger  nails,  fbr  long  nails  will 
besare  to  hurt  the  teats  and  cause  Irrltutloa  to  the  cow. 
There  are  two  methods  of  milking— The  on^  may  he 
called  strlnping  orcatch'ng  the  teat  betw*>en  the  fincer 
and  thumb  and  strlpplui;  down  the  whole  length  of  the 
*«at.  This  plan  Ls  not  to  be  recommended,  The  better 
way  13  to  grasp  the  teat,  one  in  each  hand,  diaffonally 
aonwe  the  bag,  and  press  on  the  milk,  the  wecond,  third, 
acd  faarth  flagers  dolna  the  main  work,  while  the  upper 
•crtlouoi  the  hand  and  first  flnyer  prevent  the  milk 
from  retiirnlnff  to  the  odder:  the  milk  shonld  be  drawn 
rapidly,  and  the  odder,  completely  emptie<l  of  its  con- 
«nla.  Id  the  flush  of  the  season,  or  when  cows  are 
yteiaiag  the  moat  milk,  from  eleven  to  twelve  cows  per 
mmxu  wtu  be  about  the  rate  for  a  competent  band. 

9fe  <p«n4  a  great  de^i  of  time  to  clip  this  page  for  yon. 
tfts  verv  cream  of  theagrlml/vral  artiriej*  in  our  e3:rfiangeJi. 
If*  «Ufc  t/ou  in  re^Airn  toflU  v.p  the  cUppUig  iw  enrlme  (our 
fyftaeripCfan  htank)  ■wUhyour  nam^s  and  one  dollar  and  we 
««fll  VMtfMi  every  mwUh  the  eomij.g  i  ^m\ 


A8PABAGUS. 

New  Mammoth  Emperor.— An  Kngll.^h  variety  which,  sown  side  by  side  with 
l^oloAMal,  hHs  prr«iuc-i  by  fir  the  thlokcf>t  «ta1bH  In  a  riven  tlmel  Matares 
roroutUD,-  very  early.  Superior  in  flavor  an.l  color  to  any  other  varietle.^  now 
InouJUvaUon.     Picket  10  ol^.,  oz.  25  cUs,,  lb-.  $1.;&. 

BEANS. 

(Twenty-fire  cents  per  quart  mart  be  added  to  pay  postage  when  beana  are  ordered  by 
maiL  Per  pocket  10  eta.,  post-paid.) 
California  Branch.— A  whlt«  field  bean  growing  to  the  height  of  IS  to  20  Jnchee. 
brauchiog  uot  In  all  directions  and  bearing  the  pods  bo  high  that  they  are  not  eo  apt 
as  the  eominon  ftorts  to  touch  the  ground  and  be  Injured  by  wet  weather  A  slnele 
Tlnehan  yleldt^d  180  pods.  They  closely  resemble  the  Navy  Bean,  and  have 
yieid-xl  over  i5  banhels  lo  the  acre.  The  variety  le  bo  prolific  that  but  one  plant 
should  be  allowe^l  u*  ^Tuw  each  18  or20  Inoheti  in  the  row.  the  rows  being  2H  feet 
apart.     Quart40cLd.,  peck#1.60,  bu-ht-1  #5.00. 

<Tolden  Wax.— The  be«t  and  most  popular  of  the  dwarf  bneh  beans  for  gfner^l 
w^'.>.  ''^  ^V"  i'**^  aor  other  ;  pods  ar«  of  a  very  rich  waxy<yellow  color, 
onttle  and  entirely  HtrlneleAA.  We  can  beartily  rccommund  this  to  all-  Quart 
85  ctfl..  peck  #1.75,  bushel  #^€.00. 

Lemon  Pod  Wax  (newl.— LaUr  thun  most  others,  but  more  handsome  than 
any.     Produces  an  abundanoeof  lonu,  leinon-ahaded  pods,  which  remain  tender  a 
lonar  time.     Wh -n  ripe  the  Beana  are  white  and  of  a  g«od  slie.     Quart  40  ctd..  peek 
1.85,  buHhel*M.OO. 


ifte.i 


arffe 

dflloi 


Mammoth  Long  Red 
Mangel. 


Danvers  Parrot 


Impfx)ved  Long  Orang 
Carrot. 


Henderson's  HalfDwarf 


La  Plume  rhestnot      I 

CpIitv. 


StoweilM  Kv.^rgreen  Cora 


-Kone  equal  this  as  a  fthelled  bean.     It  Is  th©  moat  botlery 
and  dflJoious  beau  »;rown.     Quart  40  eU..  peok  $0.60,  bushel  #10. 
BEETS. 

Eoyptlan  Tnmlp.— The  very  earUcM  and  mo«it  valoablo  B<>et  ftw  Market 
Oardeuera  in  cultivation.  It  is  of  a  very  deeit  red,  leader  and  delicious.  Packet 
5  cts.,  ouaoo  10  CIS..  %  lb.  26  cts.,  lb.  75  eta. 

EcllpBC.— A  new,  turnip-ahaped  beet  from  Germany  whloh  ts  giving  grrat  satlsfao- 
tloo  amonff  the  gardeners  on  acooont  of  its  wonderftiUy  rapid  growth,  itmall 
top,  and  fine  qnalltyl  pmooib.  dwp  red  Bklii  and  Ilesh,  verv  awect  and  very  pro* 
ductive.     PhckPt  5  ots..  ounce  15  cts  ,  H  »».  85  ct^.,  lb.  #1.00. 

Mammoth  Lonff  Red  ManseL— The  roots  grow  to  an  enormoaii  idze  and 
are  of  very  sood  texture.     Ounce  10  cts.,  \i  lb.  £5  cts.,  lb.  76  ets. 

CABBAGE. 

Chase*aExcelMlor.— A  maffnlflcent  new,  medloin  early  variety,  following 
Hendersons  Sumnicr  in  oloso  wuowrtslon.  In  aiif-tarance  It  somewhat  renembles  the 
FotUer's  Brunswick,  but  mucJi  larger.  It  I.h  not  (xjualled  by  any  medium.early 
cabbage  we  are  aoquainn^d  with  for  ttnre,  aoUd  headlniK,  which  it  muHt  be  remem- 
bered, la  the  highest  recommeudaiion  lor  a  Cabbage,  which  must  mature  In  the  trying 
heat  of  summer  Another  reniJu-kaMo  Mature  is  that  it  never  cracks.  Planted  the 
la.'^tof  Jnly.  It  I.*  an  elecant  »int<r  variety.  Market  gardeners  will  find  It  an  aoqutal- 
tion  of  decided  volac  Wc  r^-commcnd  all  to  trv  It.  Our  seed  is  direct  from  the 
Introdticc-r.     Packet  15  ots.,  ounce  75  oUi.,  }i  lb.  |(l!i.50. 

Premium  Flat  Dutch.— This  is.  without  doubt,  the  flne«t  winter  eabboffe 
In  cultlTuUon.  The  headt  are  laripe  and  solid,  of  a  bluish-green  color,  slighily 
tlati-'ued  on  the  top;  Is  of  Hue  and  well-Havored  quality;  flret  clasH  keoptr;  sore 
header.  This  varletv  has  been  grown  and  Improved  In  America  einoe  before  Uie 
H..'\oluuonary  war.  The  stock  we  offer  cannot  be  excelled  for  purity.  Packet  10  eta 
ounce  80  cts.,  »4  lb.  60  cts.,  lb.  #1.75.  *v«.., 

OAKBOT. 
Danven*.— In  the  town  of  Danvera.  Mik>-s..  the  taislnK  of  Carrota  on  an  extaoalTe 
scak- ha.-,  for  years  been  quite  a  buflincsj-.     Affr  jears  of  experimenting  they  nettled 
upon  a  variety  which  oritrlriatM   among  them  ("  did  the  Danvers  Onion)  known  In 
ihi-ir  kxjailiy  as  the  "Dun  vers  Carrot-*'     It  Is  in  form  about  midway  betwicn  the 
I-'.tis  OranK-j  and  Hhort  Horn  clasa.  growing  ftencrally  with  a  atnm|i  root.     Thr  irrcat 
problem  in  Carrwi  growing  ii  to  get  the  greatest  bulk  nith  the  «malle«it  KniFth 
or  root,  ana  this  li  what  tb<;  Danvers  trower-n  have  aitalned  In  their  Carrot.     I  Lder 
Lhfir  cultivation  they  raise  from  twenty  i"  thirty  tons  to  the  acre,  and  at  limea 
evrn  larst-r  crop^.     This  Carrot  is  of  a  rich,  durk  orange  color,  very  smooth 
and  handsome,  and  from  its  length  i^  ea.-.|t-r  to  diK  thau  llie  Long  Orange.     It  is  a 
flrsi  rlH.sH  carrot  kir  any  !*oil.     Packet  5  cts,  ounce  10  ctn..  J^  lb.  SO  cts..  lb.  #1.00. 
Improved  Lon^  Oraniiv— The  Htandard  sort  for  field  culture,  aho  d.-^irahlp 
for  iRiit-  u-K'.    Our  slock  Is  extra  flne,  bting  ttie  re->ult  of  our  own  careful  selec- 
tion lor  a  Merles  ofyears.     It  now  produces  very  large,   fiue-graiaeil.  and  e\fn 
root-1,  rich  orange  color,  fine  tiavor.     Dairymen   who  feed   these  carrots  will  have  no 
need  of  arliflcial  butter  oolora.  Packets  etc,,  ounce  lOcts.,  >^  lb.  80cia.,Ib.  #1.00. 
CAULIFLOWEH. 
Eorly  Hnow    BalL— The  earliest  of  all;  a  wure  header,  and  lis  dwarf  habit 
and  Hhorlonfr  lcav.;-i  permit  It  to  he  plantvd  n-i  clo^^o  aa  eighteen  inches  apart  each 
way.     Packet  25  cu,  Houuee  #1.25,  ounce  #4.60. 
CELERY. 
Henderson's  Half  Dwarf.— The  ravorU4^  market  vorlety  In  New  York. 
Wlien  blancficl  it  U  a  yellowish  whlt«,  entirely  solid,  and  |rt>fihCM«ing  the  rich, 
nutty  flavor  peculiar  lo  ilui  dwarf  kindH.      (if  ciori«  habit  and  a  vigoroua  grower 
Packet  6  ct-.-,  ounce  25  cla..  %  lb.  76  ct^.,  lb.  #S.0O. 

Kreamer.— A  novelty.  This  dcllelons  c*lcry  wa*  originated  by  Mr.  Kreamer, 
one  of  the  iiiost  careful  and  auMesaful  Ctkrv  growers  in  the  oonntry.  It  Is  the  rcault 
of  acAreftil  cross,  and  is  one  ofthe  rery  earliest  sorts  we  have  evi-r  wi-en. 
coming  iQt/>  market  from  the  flrat  to  the  middle  of  June.  It  Ip  never  hollow,  erows 
very  rapidly,  and  is  oonsequtntlv  e.tlremely  crisp  and  tend-r.  U  Is  of  a  cIo'm,-.  com- 
pact, upright  habit ;  bkache^  readily  and  rapidly.  In  heipht  it  cwrrcsponds  with 
'■Hemkr-on  -t  Half  Dw.Hrf.  "  Thi-  Haror  i-i  exqni-^tlclv  fine  and  rich,  partaking  largely 
of  a  mild  and  delicious  walnut  taste.  M>  oflcr  this  virv  desirable  novelty  With 
the  greatest  ajs-urance  that  H  will  meet  with  wonder(\il  favor.  In  padkets  only  i 
SiScCs.  each.  or6  for  #1.00.  ' 

Ltt  Plume  Chestnut-— >ew.  This  is  :<iiid  to  be  a  masnlflcent,  new.  half- 
dwarf,  whit^  ci'l.TV.  haviug  uuconunonly  lari;u  and  solid  k'aT-Rtall'.s.  which  iMjasi-bS  a 
true  t'heMtnut  flavor,  greatly  admired  by  all  lovir-*  of  gnoii  cclcrv.  It  has  been 
produced   by  long-contlnutyi  scleolion.   and  la  a  vleorous  and  rapid  grower. 


CaJlturnIa  Branch  Beaa. 


Golden  Wax  Beaa- 


Paoket  16  ots..  ounce  50  ots. 


Karlv  Snowball 
CauliHuwBr.  ' 


Chickory. 


CHICK  ORT. 


]  Early  Minnesota  Cora. 


Iniprove>d  N.  T.  Rgg 


Larffe  Rooted.— Used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.    Take  np  the  roots  in  the 
Pall,  cut  Into  -niall  pii-cej-,  and  |iut  away  lo  dry.     Uteu  wanted  for  use.  it  la  roasted 
and  ip-ound  like  eolTcc     Pvr  packet  5  cts.,  ounce  10  eta.,  >4  lb.  80  ota. 
COR>'. 

(Twenty  cents  per  qnart  mn^t  be  added  to  pay  postf,^  when  com  la  ordered  by  malL 
Early  Des  Moines.— When  we  firnt  brought  this  variety  to  the  notice  of  the  pub- 
lic we  .lid  not  autlolpate  that  it  would  mo  soon  bc<*ome  as  popular  umonff  mar- 
ket men  as  it  Hbm,  Dotwtthstandlug  we  were  fully  aware  of  Ita  snperlorItT  over 
almoyl  any  variety  we  had  ever  seen  for  aflrHlearly  sort. The  Earl v Des  Mnint's  wa>  named 
by  as  and  introduced  to  the  pnbllc  In  Ih*!,  nolwUhsthndlnE  we  had  bein  closely  watch- 
ing It  for  a  number  of  yenrs.  It  having  been  grown  and  improved  by  aome  of  the  best 
market  gardeners  in  this  vicinity  for  somethinc;  Hk'  twenty  years.  Since  we  sent  it 
oat  in  1881,  we  have  received  many  fluttcrlufr  testimonials  of  Its  great  value  as 
nn  extra  early  variety.  Ii  l-  u«  early  a"  miv  we  have  found,  with  ears  much 
litrKcr  than  most  early  M>rr-^;  xnitremely  delicious  flavori  very  prollllc.  We 
highly  ncornmend  it  for  trial,     t.'uart  80  cts.,  peck  #S,  bushel  #6. 

Early  Minnesota.— Considered  by  rnaiiT  to  be  thp  best  very  early  variety. 
Rather  dwarf;  ears  ot  good  (I'lulity  and  nnlte  lurirc  for  so  early  a  variety.  Quart 
15  ots.,  peck  #1,  bushel  #«.r,0.  •*  »  ■>  ^       <■ 

Eiryptlan.— This  m«gntflc.-nt  *aHetv  deserves  th^  highest  praise,  which 
it  Fcoelvcs  from  all  who  liavi-  t^-att-d  It— In  fn.'t.  urn-ihiT  v.'ar's  experlmc^  with  it 
hart  thoroughly  <x.uv|nol  ub  thai  i-  th--  \*i-*t  late  i«wett  *■•  t  In  the  market.  It 
grows  to  a  jpood  faelehtf  Is  very  prollfici  qoaUty  the  very  utJEhe«t|  tuuarpas- 
sedforswcetneaa.    Qnart  15ots.,peo&#l,  lmshel#8UMi, 


White  Spine  Cncumfc*. 


Tlili  ativerlluroeiii  ol  C. 


W.  Dorr  &  C*.,  Obi  Hofoet,  Iowa.  conialnB  tbe  most  complete  Mil  ot  oood  Meds  at  low  orlcei  ever  aifver*, 
UMd.    It  l«  conplet«4  e^MiM  13.  U.  Ift.  ao4  16. 


»4 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


(gOF^I^ESPONDENGE. 


7b  6c  a  good  letter  wHter  is  said  to  be  one  of  the 
aecomplishments.  The  shorter  a  business  letter ^  and 
the  more  pointed  it  is^  the  greater  the  accomplishiiient. 

Write  to  an  editor  vAthout  an  apologjj,  Nevei-  say 
you.  hate  to  trouble  him ;  that  troubles  him  morejh^in 
€Ul  you  write.    He  loves  business,  not  apologies. 


Jobn  Williams,  Wabeish  County,  Illinois,  asks : 
What  is  the  legal  size  of  the  apple  barrel?  Ans.: 
Unfortunately  for  our  apple  Interests  there  is  no 
legal  standard  of  size  for  all  the  states,  and  the 
size  of  apple  barrels  is  about  as  definite  as  the 
saying  is,  "as  large  as  a  piece  of  chalk."  The 
New  York  standard  Is  100  quarts  dry  measuie, 
but  the  law  is  not  enforced,  and  the  size  of  bar- 
rels is  of  the  same  unknown  size  as  ever.  There 
■hoald  be  a  standard  size,  which  would  be  better 
for  both  buyer  and  seller. 


J.  T.  Dixon,  Hutchinson  CJounty,  Dakotah, 
asks  about  the  postage  on  seeds,  plants,  cuttings, 
roots,  &c.  Answer:  Tlie  Post  Omce  department 
rates  seeds,  cuttings,  &r.,  as  fourth-class  matter, 
subject  to  postage  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  per 
ounce  or  fracti»->n  of  an  ounce.  The  fourth-class 
also  includes  samples  of  merchandise,  samples 
of  ores,  metals,  and  m my  other  articles  which 
cap  be  easily  and  cheaply  sent  by  mail.  No  pack- 
age can  exceed  four  pounds.  Articles  can  safely 
oe  sent  by  mail.  r 

J.  G.  M.,   Mnntpeller.    Vermont,  asks  can  we 

frow  amber  cane  In  Vermont.  Answer :  Cer- 
ainly  you  can ;  but  what  good  would  it  do  you 
only  for  soiling  or  fodder.  Your  season  is  too 
abort  for  it  to  ripen  to  make  cheap  sugar,  and 
sugar  making  machinery  Is  too  expensive  for  a 
farmer  to  buy,  unless  thousands  of  acres  are 
planted.  Molasses  can  be  made  by  cheap  mills 
and  a  little  expense. 

John  M.  Olll,  Yazoo,  Mississippi,  asks  what  are 
the  merits  of  the  Le  Conte  pear  for  profit  in  Mis- 
sissippi. Answer :  The  Le  Conte  will  grow  and 
produce  well  with  you.  The  question  about  the 
profit  depends  upon  whether  there  is  a  market 
for  it.  That,  you  can  tell  better  than  we  can. 
The  pear  would  find  a  ready  sale  at  the  North,  if 
It  could  be  Shipped  safely  in  good  coudltlon,  and 
cheaply.  '^  j, 

D.  B.  Johnson,  Kennebec,  Maine,  asks  wh.v  !s  it 
always  the  coldest  Just  before  day.  Answer:  The 
sun  is  at  its  greatest  power  about  '.i  P.  M.,  i.  c,  the 
day  at  3  P.  M.  will  average  the  highest  average 
temperature,  and  from  that  point  it  slowly  cools, 
and  as  It  cools  slower  than  It  heat.'*.  It  takes  more 
than  half  a  da.v  (twelve  hours/,  to  cool,  which 
would  take  It  past  midnight  at  least  three  or  four 
hours  to  cool,  or  near  daylight  when  the  ap- 
proacliing  sun  begins  to  warm  the  morning 
Iwiliglit.  j^ 

Charles  A.  Behm.  Juniper,  Yavapel  County, 
Arizona,  asks  for  a  list  of  apples  and  grapes  for  a 
small  experimental  orchard  in  Arizona.  Answer: 
The  climate  of  .\rlzona  I.h  peculiarly  liable  to  late 
frosts  and  sudden  changes  of  heat  and  cold. 
While  trees  might  not  winter-kill,  yet,  the  sudden 
cold  of  summer  would  dwarf  tender  varieties. 
The  dry  air  of  .Vrlzona  Is  also  very  injurious  to 
fruit.  The  Ainerlcan  Pomologlca!  Society  does 
not  Venture  on  a  list  for  .Arizona,  and  we  would 
onl.v  advise  you  for  an  expci^ment'it  trial,  as  with- 
out trial,  no  one  can  speak  witli  confidence.  As 
you  have  lato  frosU,  you  will  of  course  select  no 
valley  for  an  orchard,  but  a  place  where  It  Is 
warin  and  sh..>lterevl,  and  safe  from  late  frosts  a-s 

SKslble,  ail  I  plant  for  a  trial,  Shockley  Rawle's 
enet.  Wealthy,  Alexander,  and  any  of  the  Rus- 
sians that  Prt)feHsor  Budd.  o!  .\mes  Iowa,  recom- 
BQends.  The  shockle.v  will  bear  a  freeze  after  the 
fruit  is  set,  with  little'lnjury.  The  Rawle's  Genet, 
blooms  very  late,  as  does  also  the  Ben  Davis, 
Which  you  might  also  try.  Grapes  :— Concord, 
Worden,  Moore's  early,  and  perhaps  Delaware. 
If  any  of  our  readers  can  advise  us  a  list  of  tested 
varieties  suitable  for  our  correspondent,  where 
the  climate  is  dry  and  changeable,  and  the  eleva- 
tion 6,iO0  feet,  we  shall  be  pleased  to  hear  from 
them,  and  It  would  oblige  many  readers. 


William  French,  Muskegon,  Michigan,  and 
others.  We  have  not  space  to  answer  your  In- 
quiries, how  to  make  a  cistern.  We  will  give  it 
attention  in  our  February  Number,  and  give  an 
Illustrated  article  on  cisterns  and  now  to  make 
them  . 

J.  B.  Mathews,  Santa  Barbara  Count.r,  Califor- 
nia, asks  for  true  statement  about  the  Kiefler 
near,  and  it  It  is  worth  growing.  Answer:  The 
Kiefler  pear,  we  think.  In  your  section  might  for 
Its  abilll.v  to  stand  dry  weather,  and  late  ripening 
qualities  be  valuable.  The  quality  depends  much 
upon  where  it  is  grown,  and  how  full  the  tree  is 
allowed  to  hear.  In  wet  clay  soils,  or  in  colder 
sections,  the  KleflTer  being  a  late  pear  does  not 
ripen,  and  the  quality  Is  not  very  good,  while  in 
lighter  soils  and  warm  exposures,  if  not  allowed 
to  overhear,  the  qiialit.v  Is  good.  The  pear  is  for 
its  hardiness  and  superior  canning  qualities, 
valuable  everywhere.  A  trial  of  a  few  trees,  as 
they  bear  very  early,  frequently  at  two  years  old, 
yfill  decide  their  value  anywhere. 


It  never  troublea  an  editor  to  write  him  and  tell  him 
pmjL  want  to  take  his  paper.  Nothing  pleases  him  so 
much  n.»  a  long  subscription  list.  Correspondents 
/ih/ndd  bear  this  in  unind. 


S2.30  FOR  50  CTS. 

THE  BEST  OFFER  OF  THE  SEASON. 


OXTR  SPECTAI,  •TABM  AX1>  GAKDEIV* 
PACKAGE  FOK  188&.  Ao  Dn<-qu.'ilt«d  •pim^QoltT 
to  ■»e<3-nr.?  "Ths  f*(.M  isr  Uardbpt."  thi^  pajnr,  ibe  Be«^ 
Live.  Wide  Awake  FarmerH*  Pnper  In  Aiaericft| 

t^ti^edft  &t  a  iritliug  ovst,  as  aD  iuduwoiiiit  lu  \tj  litem, 
Ve  are  bound  to  lotroduce  thcni  luto  thiiu<'aii<l9  ml  Mrw 
boioe«,  and  l>ellei-e  tbc  best  way  to  do  ihls  i.-<  try  KeB4tBgT«« 
tfald  6ampl«  Package  at  an  e^ceeditiK'v  ^nmll  prtoe.  Wa 
are  ■willing  to  abide  t'T  the  resolt."  of  yoar  trial"  of  onr  aeede.  a&d  Lnret  to  joar  ftature  orders  for  our  profit.  PACKAGE  *"F'*  Miilaia* 
one  packet  each.  Cuban  Queen  Watermelon,  New  Favorite  Tomato,  Execlinlor  Cabbaire,  Lons  Orause 
Carrot,  Bo«ton  Market  Celery,  Green  Fringed  Leltuee,  Mammoth  Red  4»nlon,  ^usar  Purnntp.  Longr  8«ai«> 
let  Kadlsh,  BoHt^n  Market  Cucumber.  Purple-Top  Turnip,  Buy  %'lew  Melon;  hI^o  8uperT>  Pansy  (niii'.h  alone  »eUi  fcr 
60  cts.).  Usual  price  <A  these  -eel^  in  i|il.HO:  add  the  prlcf  of  theTAKM  A>D  GARDEN.  60  cti.,  viakiug  9^2. UU.  and  soe  wbU 
we  give  for  only  £>0  cents.  OHIIKK  AT  ONCE,  and  taJie  advauiai-r- of  the  ureatest  ofl.  r  t- ver  made.  Send  vour  8'ldrf»M  viib  69 
cents  in  cash  or  stamps,  and  receixc  iti«>  Seeds  Uy  return  mail,  aod  Lbe  [Miper  one  year,  all  fully  prepaid.  I'lie  "FA KM  AN9 
GAKDEN**  alone  1»  worth  many  times  the  price  of  the  entire  puekaffc  The  packaj:';a  are  put  up  read\-  for  mai'luj^,  and  ean- 
not  t>e  broiien  or  chaoped,  but  will  )..■  s.rit  to  any  address,  wiih  the  paper  one  vear,  all  fully  prepaid,  by  mall,  on  rtcfiiilor  prtoa. 
THERE  IS  NO  I»I*»COr.NT  ON  THESE  PACK  AGES,  lo  matter  how  iany  are  or.i.-red  Old  custo'iner^  nmv  a^all  lb.i..-lT«« 
of  the  offer  if  they  wiuh.     If  tou  an'  already  a  subncrib^T  for  the  paper,  order  the  Setds  for  vours.-lf  nnd  hav--  th.-  jap'-r  s.ul  to  t-ou  «  trt^mAm 

Address  all  orders  plainly  to  Q.  W.  DORR  &  CO.,  282   FouTth  Street,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


Green  FriiigT>d  Leiiuce. 


Bay  View  UeloD. 


wm 


TThtte  KnfillKtiMui^ard. 


Large  White  Globe 
OdIod. 


V.x.  Early  OiftllenirePta. 


Large  Cheete  PtuDpklo. 


Wblte  SonuDer  Raditih. 


Salsify. 


CORN.— CoDtiQDed. 
8towell*B  Improved  Everirreen.— Very  large,  sixteen  rowed,  deep  ker- 
neled  and  sugary,  remtdcing  a^tooK  time  la  a  fit  condition  for  boiling  one  of 
the  beat  for  general  purpoaea.     Quart  15  ct^..  peck  1^1,  buahel  l|S.&0. 

CUCCMBERS. 

Early  White  8plne.— Oar  Improved  strain  of  this  popular  variety  is 

justly  I'uDiiUered  best  for  general  purpose*.  It  i»  not.  ao  aome  "aspect  from  its  name, 
a  whii^  cucumber,  but  it  is  rather  a  bright  green  color,  the  spines  or  prickles 
only  being  white.  For  pickles,  thN  sort  has  no  superior;  excellent  for 
table  use:  Ftraigbt  and  well  form-rd:  smooth  aurfuce]  tluok  tte^b;  gn^at  yieldcr. 
Packet  5  ct«..  ouQCti  10  eta.,  )«  lb.  85  ct^..  lb.  411.25. 
EGG  PLANT. 

Improved  New  Vork* — Extra  large  and  choice;  line  Hatois  Packet  10  ots., 
oaai;>e  50  cu. 

GOURDS. 

Nest  EcS'— ^otlticea  line  white  fruit  e^cactly  the  aln  a»d  abape  of  eggs,  and 

so  similar  as  to  almost  deeel^  e  the  most  experienced.    Capiral  for  nest 

('Sffs,  as  thev  do  not  crack  and  will  la^i  for  years.     Plaut  id  a  rapid  srower*  very 

oruumental — aaefal  for  ooveriitg  scrci-n)!.  etc.     Packet  10  ot^.,  ouuoe  £5  eta, 

LETTUCE. 

Green  Fringed. — This  Tery  ornamental  sort  certjkloly  eorpasscs  all  others 
In  itTi  handsome  appearaooe.  It  Is  of  a  very  delicate  stid  ptr'nllar  shade  of 
green,  the  inner  partii  of  the  leaTei  white,  with  the  edges  beaatlfully  cut  and  fringed, 
it  not  only  furnishes  an  abnndance  of  tender  leaves  fit  for  ase  nearly  all  the 
Nummcrt  ^^^  ''^  omameDtal  chiiracter  make^  it  verr  desirable  for  iabl«  deooratlon. 
Packet  5  ct^..  ounce  15  cu..  ;«  lb.  50  els.,  lb.  ^11.50. 

Improved  llrud.  Imperial  Head  or  Prize  Head. — Heads  well*  tender, 

slow  runnlnjc  to  seedt  first  clunx  for  Summer.  1»  coosldereil  the  best  vailet; 
tor  huiii<:  u»-.     I'acket  5  cts.,  wuii.ie  15  cl».,  )^  lb.  50  eta.,  lb.  t^l.50. 

MELON.-Musk. 

Bay  View.— Altfi-^oKh  hut  of  r^'X-nt  introduction,  it  ooetiplea  an  enviable  posi- 
tion in  the  list  of  luscious  melon*.     It  U  by  far  the  nnest-flavored  melon 

HI  .  v,.rate,  delletonsly  rich  and  sweet,  large  size  under  ordinary  treat- 
ment; ""  k-'->I  er.'und  It  in>-raee«  from  twelve  to  eighteen  Inches  In  length,  and 
«.  ,ti  tr-iii  twel\  e  to  twenty  pound  h.  Flesh  very  deep,  rich  green  color, 
■  kiti  ru^-M-t  I'ulored:  ".rv  hatid^oiui-  and  attrn^tne  lu  aiJpearauce:  very  firm 
when    ripe   and   endures   ahlpplng   well.      Packet  5  cIji.,  uuuc«  10  ct^.,  >^  lb. 

«t>ct?..  lb.  4^1. 

Christiana.— Extra  early.      Green  rfnd,  yellow  lleah,  splendid  Savor. 

1'ii.ckct  o  ctA..  OQDCtf  10  cU.,  H  lb.  'i£0  rf*.,  lb.  4ll. 

MELON.-Water. 

Cuban  Queen. — Thin  magolfio<^ni  new  melnn  Isoof  of  th-lnrgeat  and  finest  ■'^or 
imr.v'lucd.  Thtf  Hkin  i*  beantlfblly  striped  dark  and  light  green,  of  the  lat- 
t.r  th'T"  beiiin  l*»ii  r-hade-  ngr**i'ahl_\  diver'Ulid.  The  \iu.-  are  wry  strong, 
hcHllhy  and  vigorous  In  growth.  The  tlt.'iih  1^  bright  red,  remarkubly 
solid,  pecullurl>^UMelons,  crlspund  sugary,  and  in  il.  lioiou»  flavor  U  uusur- 
p.V!.-«-d.     Pack.-!  5.1-  ...uiicr  10  cu..  ;.,  ib.  85  ct*..  lb.  «l.li5. 

New  Scaly  Rurk.  -A  remarkable  new  variety  of  very  recent  Introduction, 
if'  rlud  Is  verv  thin,  '  ut  extremely  tough  and  strong.  One  of  the  rtrv  best 
ihlpping  melons  eitr  brought  ouu     Packet  10  cU.,  ouoo«  S5  cU>.,  \  lb.  60  cts., 


HUSTARU. 


Sow 


A  pungent  salad  umM  ^omelimr*  with  CreM.  also  eleffant  for  grecnH 
thl'kTy  in  rows  and  cut  whcs  about  two  Inches  biKh:  for  u»<.-  during  wTut^r  it  may  be 
f)uwD  at  loirrvala  In  boxes  Id  the  greenboune  or  in  a  frame.  For  a  crop  of  seeds  sow  in 
April,  Id  drills  a  foot  apart,  sod  thiD  out  moderately  whea  about  three  inohea  high. 
Sow  early  In  shallow  drIlU. 

White  KngUah  or  London.— Psckct  5  ct<i.,  onnce  10  eta.,  lb.  50  oU. 
ONION. 

Large  Red  Wethersflcld.— TbU  1b  the  standard  variety,  »nd  the  fbvoHtet 
onion  In  the  Kaat,  where  lmiii<Mi--e  cr.-i'S  are  ,?rowii  for  fhh.mi-nt.  Large  sIec{ 
■  kin  deep  purpllsh.red;  form  round,  fiat;  flesh  purpilsh-whlie;  moder- 
utely  fine  grained,  ^'er)  produt'tlve,  the  best  keeper,  ao(l  one  of  thi' 
most  popular  f'>r  gvnerul  cultivation.  The  ^tjipie  variety  of  the  Weslcra  onion 
grower-.     Packet  5  ct-..  outi.-e  lO  .ti...  \  lb.  80  ctj-..  lb.  #1. 

Yellow  Ounverfc  — A  fln^  variety,  oridnaied  tti  Sonth  Danr^ra,  Ma^s.  Above 
the  medlam  size,  globular  lu  form:  -kin  yellowlsh.brown;  tiesb  white, 
sugary,  comparatively  mHd,  and  well  flavorcdl  a  icood  producer,  frequently 
producinij  six  hundred  buiihelsio  the  acre,  ttom  seed  sokd  in  ibeSprlog.  racket 
5  ctH.,  ounce    10  ••U.,%  lb.  SOcU.,  lb.  #1. 

Lnrge  %Vhlte  Globe. — The  baodiKimest  market  variety  we  have  ever  seen. 
Large  aize;  o>  al  form!  very  even;  mild  and  pleasant  flavorl  good 
keeper;  outsells  every  other  variety.  Packet  5  oia.,  oqdc«  25  ou.,  >-«  lt>.  i|l, 
It'.  4tB. 

PAIWLEr. 

Row  Iq  March,  tblDly  lu  drills,  ooe  fbot  apart,  half  an  Inoh  deep.  Soak  seed  a  few 
hours  io  warm  water  before  sowtng.  For  Winter  uae  protect  iQ  a  glass  &ame  or  light 
cellar 

Covent  Garden.— Fin e«t  eurledf  be«t  for  garaUbiag.  Packet  6  ot«., 
ouDc«  10  eta.,  U  lb.  80  OU. 

PEAS, 

(Twenty-five  oents  per  qoart  must  b«  added  to  par  postage  wheo  peaa  are  ordered  by 

mail.    All  peas  per  packet  l6  eta.,  postpaid.) 

Extra  Early  Challenge. — The  ChalleDge  wa*  obtained  by  continued  seWtfoni 
fryni  Kxtra  Earfr  Philadelphia,  and  we  oao  In  all  i?oQtideiioe  say  that  aH-r  a  trial  of 
nearlv  all  Fxtra  Vlarly  varieties  offered  to  the  trade,  we  have  not  found  one  poM< 
nesNing  more  merit,  henoe  it«  name.  For  the  market  gardener  It  has  no 
superior.  It  Is  not  only  extremely  early  and  prolific,  but  it  is  of  most  lus- 
cious flavor.  All  itae  good  qualities  of  the  Extra  Karly  are  more  nearly  brought 
lo  pvrfeciloD  ID  tbe  Challeugo.     Vioen  Itl  iDcheci.     Quart  85  ote.,  peak  li2.Sa,  bushel 

McBeth's  Pride.— An  Improvement  of  the  Kentlnh  Invlcta,  being  fiilly  as  early 
and  materially  better,  "usl&lnlng  the  same  relation  t^)  that  desirable  variety  as 
does  the  Challenge  to  the  Extra  Early.  We  confidently  recommend  It  for  profit 
to  the  gardener.  Like  the  Kentish  Invlcta  It  miilurcti  it.^  entire  crop  toKeiber,  9o 
that  one  pickinK  is  6ufficienL.  For  shipping,  thla  la  a  most  valuable  Item. 
Height  36  inches.    Quart  85  et«.,  peck  4ia.'J5,  bu:«h>-l  ifiH. 

PEPPER. 

New  Golden  Dawn  Mango. — In  productiveness  this  surpasses  any 
variety  we  ever  grew.  SiiiEle  rlnnt*' thi*  =eason  ripened  Oom  19  to  Bi 
fVults.     Ill  color  it  ill  a  bright  golden-yellow,   very  brilliant  and   hand- 

Mome.  esp.-''i:ill_v  t.howy  when  mixed  with  red  sons  by  way  of  contrast.  But  the  qual- 
iiy  which  di-tiuRuishes  It  from  all  other-.  It^*  crowniug  point  of  excellence,  la  the 
fact  that  it  I-  entirely  exempt  fVom  flery  flavor.  Even  the  seeds  and  pulp  may 
be  chewed  without  detecting  the  slightest  smarty  ta^te.  Ladles  who  have  had  trouble 
with  burnt-d  baodfl.  Id  stuffing  so-called  Aweet  liiangoee,  will  appreciate  this  trait  in 
thc'lr  charai-'ter.  In  shape  and  site  this  new  maogo  b  liatilar  to  the  well-koown 
^  weet  MouDtalD.    Packet  1 0  cts.,  ouoce  85  eta. 

PUMPKIN. 

Largo  Cheese.— Very  desirable  for  cooking  pnrpo«e«.  Packet  6  eta., 
ounce  tOcii.,  '-^  lb.  80  cents.,  lb.  $1. 

RADISH. 

KariT  Long  Scarlet,  Short-Top.- Verv  extensively  grvwn  and  very  tender 
when  grown  quickly.  It  is  tbe  best  standard  variety  for  market  gar- 
deners and  private  ase.  It  Is  nnlfcrmlv  tttralght  and  smooth,  of  bright  scarleU 
Fkl.  5  01,1..  ounce  lOctfl.,  },i  W.  e5ct«<,.  lb.  T5  cU. 

White  Summer.— We  hinhty  recommend  this  to  all  aa  the  ht^l  Summer  variety. 
It  h  of  large  alze,  quick  growth,  tamlp-shapedt  flesh  white,  semi-trans- 
parent., tender  ond  criap.  Th^v  have  brought  the  highest  prioe  of  any  of  the 
radishes. lu  our  marhf  t  for  ncveral  Tears.     Fkt  ,  5c..  ounce  lOe.,  H  lb.  80  o.^lb.  #1. 


Prize  Head  L«ttsoe. 


Cuban  Que^n  Uekm. 


Chrlftlana  HelM. 


Large  Red  Wetl 
OdIoo. 


Coveot  Garden  Pantoy. 


New  Or.)den  Dsw 
Mat!  $0. 


Extra  Earlr  LoagI 
Rsdt^h. 


Tbli  advcniwnaiit  ol  C.  W.  Dorr  a  Co..  Oci  Molnei.  Iowa,  conulni  tlit  moil  cofttpleto  lilt  el  flood  stodo  at  lew  prktt  tw 

tlwd.    It  It  coBpltiied  00  inoo  15  ud  It. 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN 


€IXPBI^IBN6ES  WI1IH  Fl^ALlDS. 


The  Faum  and  Gabden  uaa  no  frieruUhip  for fraxuis 
or  frauduleni  advertiners.  and  does  not  choose  to  dtal  with 
them.  It  uHil  eocpoxe  all  frauds  as  soon  cw  kjtovm,  and  pro- 
(^ct  Us  rf<xdfr*from  swin-fUeTS.  This  course  saves  it*  read- 
era  hvmdredJi  of  dollars  anmujUly.  It  iathe  rightpolicy,  and 
■we  afuUi  stick  io  it.     

Some  of  our  best  journals  let  the  Phcenlx  Fruit 
Tree  Invlgorator  fraud  into  their  columns  last 
year,  \Ve  did  not  in^^ert  it  and  would  not,  but 
exposed  the  fraud  pn  miptly.  ;aiany  paid  $1.50  for 
a  small  box  of  sulphur  and  a-shes.  we  are.deter- 
luined  our  re^tders  shall  not  be  swindled. 

Fraudulent  advertisers  and  their  ways  cannot 
be  too  severely  condemned  or  too  freely  exposed. 
A  publisher  cannot  do  his  readers  any  greater 
favor  than  to  guard  them  against  frauds  and 
>3windlei"s  who  would  take  their  money  and  give 
them  nothing  in  return.  We  have,  we  are  glad 
to  saj,  refused  all  advertisements  of  this  class. 

We  regret  that  the  religious  press  will  insert 
advertisements  of  a  tendency  to  corrupt  the 
minds  of  the  young.  We  cannot  believe  tlieir  ed- 
tors  would  do  it  or  allow  it  to  be  done  ;  but  as  the 
financial  part  is  in  the  publisher's  hands  and 
such  advertisers  pay  liberally  we  fear  the  pub- 
lisher undoes  all  the  et>od  the  editor  can  do. 
"When  will  this  demoralizing  work  cease? 

We  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  religious 
as  well  as  the  various  farm  journals  liave  given  a 
wide  circulation  to  the  newspaper  four  per  cent. 
Joan  IVauds,  whereby  hundreds  have  been  swin- 
dled out  of  their  earnings.  Avoid  all  four  per 
cent,  advertisements  which  promise  to  loan  you 
anoney.  If  you  agree  to  take  the  loan,  you  are 
asked  to  send  one  year's  interest  in  advance. 
You  send  the  money  and  of  course  you  get 
nothii^.    Beware  of  all  loan  schemes. 

It  is  astonishing  how  long  lived  some  quack 
medicine  frauds  are.  Nearly  thirty  years  ago, 
the  Rev.  Joseph  T.  Inman's  sands  of  life  were 
nearly  run  out,  and  he  is  still  cheating  the  public 
with  his  pretended  recipe.  He  has  cheated  the 
suffering  poor  for  years,  yet  he  still  drives  his 
trade,  and  papers  of  many  denominations  will 
insert  his  advertisements.  Brethren  of  the  relig- 
ious prepvS,  why  will  you  tolerate  sucli  robbery 
of  your  readers? 

His  plan  of  operations  is  this : — He  ofTers  free  a 
recipe  to  cure  certain  diseases.  The  recipe  con- 
tains the  names  of  drugs  not  kept  at  any  drug 
store  which  he  furnishes  the  dupe  at  a  good 
price.  Tiie  prescription  is  worthless  and  the 
fraud  most  wicked. 

Jfow  oring  on  your  libel  suit. 


Greenbbiak,  N.  Y.,  December  ISth,  lK*i. 

We  all  have  our  hobbies,  some  one  way,  some 
the  other.  Some  take  a  pleasure  In  beer  and 
whisky,  and  wind  it  up  with  a  dreadful  headache. 
Some  in  making  gluttons  of  themselves,  and 
tave  a  terrible  bad  feeling  in  the  stomach.  Home 
again,  dress  finely,  and  ruin  themselves  with  ex- 
travagance. Some  in  scandal,  and  blacken  the 
character  of  their  associates,  and  fill  the  town 
with  discord.  I  too,  have  my  hobby,  I  belong  to 
the  W.  T.  B.  H,  class,  and  am  never  happy  unless 
I  am  successful.  Yes,  sir;  I  do  belong  to  the 
Want  To  Be  Humbugged  class,  and  I  enjoy  It  as 
well  as  any  of  those  who  love  tuei-r  hobbies.  But. 
Mr.  Editor  of  Kakm  and  Garden,  you  do  not 
give  nae  a  show  to  indulge  niy  hobby.  You  will 
not  allow  a  humbug  advertiser,  if  you  know  It, 
to  get  In  your  columns,  and  if  I  should  write  to 
them  all,  I  fear  I  should  not  find' a  single  humbug. 
But,  Mr.  Editor,  I  do  find  them,  if  you  do  not 
Indulge  my  fancy.  Now,  last  year  you  would  not 
Insert  the  Phcenix  Fruit  Tree  Invlgorator  hum- 
bug, and  the  pretty  picture  too  of  that  pretty 
apple  tree  full  of  apples;  but  I  found  them,  and 
sent  $1.50  for  six  cents  worth  of  brimstone  and 
ashes,  and  got  it  too,  no  thanks  to  you  Mr.  Editor, 
■either.  I  was  never  so  humbugged  before  in  the 
world;  but  it  was  so  well  done,  the  experience 
was  so  dcli":htful.  Then  too,  all  those  fellows 
who  wanted,  yes,  were  anxious  to  loan  any  one 
inoney  at  four  per  cent.  You  did  not  advertise 
them,  however.  Now,  as  I  indulge  freely  in  my 
hobby,  I  am  always  a  little  short,  and  here  was  a 
chance  to  get  a  little  money  and  be  humbugged 
at  the  same  time.  We  wanted  at  legist  $500,  so  we 
•sent  the  one  years  interest  in  advance,  as  required 
to  do,  or  just  820,  They  have  the  S20,  and  I  guess 
the  loan  too,  fori  never  saw  anything  of  it.  But, 
1  tell  you  it  was  Just  the  neatest  thing  out. 

Now,  there  was  a  man  Uxst  year,  and  a  real  nice 
gentleman  too,  who  wanted  to  give  away  a  lot  of 
nice  things  for  nothing,  and  a  lot  of  big  prizes 
too.  You  would  not  take  his  advertisement  and 
let  me  get  humbugged,  so  I  was  obliged  to  go 
elsewhere  to  get  tally  for  m,y  favorite  hobby.  I 
-sent,  wliy  of  course  I  sent,  and  got  a  letter  tliat  I 
had  drawn  a  big  prize,  but  must  send  some  ijost- 
age  stamps  on  to  get  my  prize.  I  sent  ten  cents 
in  stamps,  and  got  a  two  cent  prize  with  one  cent 
postage  on  it.  I  was  mad.  when  I  am  hum- 
bugged, I  want  It  to  be  a  big  humbug,  not  those 
little  ones  where  you  must  send  two  dollars  to 

?et  two  cents.  The  same  fellow  is  at  work  again 
his  year,  and  I  shall  send  to  him  too.  Now  you 
need  not  say  don't,  for  I  shall  send.  Your  idea  to 
keep  hnmbiiq^s  out  of  your  columns,  is  a  good  one, 
it  gives  honest  business  a  fair  show;  yet,  It  is  bad 
for  my  class,  those  who  belong  to  the  class  of 
W.  T.  B.  II.  Yours,  truly,  W.  T,  B.  H. 


Don't  do  It.  Don't  send  your  inonet/  tofraud-t  who  would 
■humbuf/  i/fni ;  hilt  seTid  it  with  a  club  of  subscHbers  to  Thk 
f  ARU  AN  D  Uardiiin,  (Mid  U  wUl  repay  a  thonxarid  fold. 


DORR'S  IOWA  SEEDS  FOR  ALL  COUNTRIES. 


Perf.r.-t  O.-ni  P^^u:. 


White  Gerinan  Torufp 


Sweet  Allysstim. 


Coboe*  flfandeas. 


Double  Dahlia. 


UIICBAJiU  or  PIK  Pl^NT. 
Piu  fiimllj   earden  should  be  without  a  bed  of  thiH.    Suoco6d•^  b«.'Ht  ia 

d'-cp.  rich  8oiL  .Suw  in  spring  1b  drills,  cover  oae  iQch,  Tbla  plants  to  el\  iucbif^ 
aparU  TraiihpIaQt  in  AutamD  or  Spring  to  permaneot  b«(t»,  three  feet  Apt*ri  each 
w;iT,     It  i.1  a  .strung  feeder  and  will  bear  aiaouriDg  heavily, 

Victoria  or  Mununoth* — Very  Ittrse  and  flnc<  bracket  5  ctH.,  ounce  20  ct^., 
H  lb.  60  cti. 

SALSIFY  or  VEGETABLE  OYSTER. 

Has  a  long,  white,  tapering  root  resembling  a  Buiall  parsnip,  and  la  a  dellctoas 
substitute  for  o.VMtcrs  in  soups,  mui^h  liked  by  all  who  have  tried  it.  It  hbould  be 
mure  generally  culLivated.  It  Gucceedd  best  in  a  light,  well-«nriched  soil  which  *>honl<l 
lie  plowed  very  dorp.  OuHivale  same  as  parsnips;  bow  early.  Like  paranlpa  it  la  per- 
r-nly  bardv  and  may  be  left  out  ail  Winter.  Packet  5  ola.,  ounce  SO  cts.,  W  lb.  60 
ot^.,  lb.#aL 

SPEVACH. 

LiOnip  Standini;. — A  new  variety  cf  Spinach  which  ha."  the  valuable  pecoll* 
iirity  of  rtinainiDi;  a  lonjj  time  before  ruonlii|E  to  se<?d.  The  leaves  are  very 
tiilelk:  and  of  an  excellent  flavor.  Tbe  best  of  alL  Packet  5  cti,,  ounce  10 
ccs.,  >.;  lb.  So  CIS  ,  lb.  75  cts. 

SQFASIL 

Perfect  6em  Sqaash. — IhU  variety,  Qtilike  aoytbtng  before  offered.  Is  excel* 
lent  both  aa  a  Summer  and  Winter  Squash.  It  has  all  the  properties  of  the 
boMt  of  both  eluHscA.  It  ■«  a  vlfcorous  Kro  wer  and  wonderfully  productive. 
It^  hatiits  are  Bomewbat  peculiar.  After  xeliiLg  the  Squashes  near  the  root,  like  bush 
varieties,  itcommeoceg  to  run,  and  the  vices  olteu  attain  the  length  of  twenty  feet, 
and  are  very  thick  and  strong,  branching  in  a  eimilar  manner  to  the  Ornamental 
Gourd,  and  often  bearing  quite  aa  abundantly.  The  Squajli'.s  are  from  four  to  aix 
ioclieo  in  diameter,  flattened,  of  a  creamy  white  color,  tillehtly  ribbed,  and 
have  a  thin,  smooth  skin.  Th<?  Hi-^h  ia  fine  ffrnlned,  and  when  ciK>ked  is  dry, 
very  «weet,  and  has  a  delicious  Uuvor,  entirely  free  from  that  Mtrone  taste 
common  to  Winter  iMjiiattUeM.  It  is  remiirkable  for  in  kecploc  quolltlcN. 
In  a  dry,  co+ji  roum,  free  Irom  fropt,  they  m.iy  be  kept  until  Spring.  In  shi>rt,  it  i* 
JiiMtIr  entitled  to  the  name  ui^  en  it,  bei'iii<  equal  to  the  best  bush  or  marrow 
'juash  for  SnTuriH  r  use,  and  better  than  any  other  for  Winter.  A  eood  keeper, 
very  produf'tUe^  a  free  srower,  and  worthy  a  place  In  every  kltcnen 
jcnrden.     Pa-  k'  t  Oc.  ounce  lo  cts.,  '»  lb.  50  cts. 

ilurbleheud.— A  splendid  Winter  variety,  only  equall'd  by  the  Hubbard,  Shell 
very  hard,  of  a  Ueht  blue  color.  Flesh  fully  equal  to  the  Hubbard  in  quality. 
Packet  tiC,  ounce  lO  cts.,  K  lb.  SO  eta..  lb.  #1. 

Hubbard.— Ttjjs  old  variety  has  for  years  stood  the  test  of  all  rivals 
und  Is  undoubtedly  the  best  Winter  tMiuaoh  known;  hard  itrreen  shell; 
UeNb  brlefat  oranffe-yelloWy  fine  Kfalned.  very  dry,  sweet  and  rich  fla- 
vored;  keeps  in  perfect  condition  throughout  the  Winter.  Ounce  10  cts.,  3-4  lb.  SO 
.■t.  =  .,  lb.  91 

TOBACCO. 

Connecticut  Seed  Leafl — Best  adapted  to  the  climate  of  the  Middle  and  Northern 
States,  as  It  Is  more  hard^  and  endures  the  cold  better  than  the  tender  varieties  grown 
South.  Id  many  of  the  Northern  8iati.-»,  and  Id  Canada,  this  variety  la  a  staple  crop. 
Packet  5  cts.,  ounce  26  cts. 

TOMATO. 

Llvlnffston*s  Favorite. —This  v;u-iety  was  originated  by  Mr.  Livingston,  the 
>riginator  of  the  Acme,  Paragon  and  Perfection,  three  of  the  beat  tomatoes-  ever  Intro- 
iluced.  He  claims  that  his  "Pavorite"  iy  ahead  of  any  of  hlt»  other  splendid  va- 
rietloa.  He  d'^i-cribea  it  as  follows:  "It  Is  the  Inrifest  perfect  shaped  Tomato 
111  cultivation.  It  hiis  no  ereen  core.  Is  as  smooth  as  un  apple,  never 
cruekw  after  ripening.  It  is  a  brilliant,  dark,  flossy  red  color,  ripening 
all  ovLT  and  throueh  evenly.  It  has  not  aa  much  early  ripe  fruit  as  some  vari- 
eties, but  it  beuTH  continuously  till  frost.  It  h^s  but  few  seeds,  aud  weighs 
heavier  than  iiny  Tomato  of  it?  siie.  For  caii^ing  or  shipping  it  has  no  equal. 
The  flavor  Im  delicious.**  Packet  5  cts.,  ounce  25  eta.,  .'^  lb.  to  cts.,  lb.  $2.50. 

TTTKXIP. 

White  CIcrman.— The  best  keeplna*  Turnip  we  have  found.  It  was  a  Furprise 
to  us  to  st-v  yolid,  hiie-gralQeJ  turnips  taken  out  of  the  cellnr  In  July  In  a  perfect  state 
of  preservation,  having  been  stored  sluce  October.  Our  Iri'uble  has  been  that  turnips 
become  pithy  during  the  Winter,  but  this  is  entirely  overcome  in  the  White  German. 
The  flesh  in  pure,  white,  sweet  and  mild.  Uncommonly  solid,  large 
size,  oval  furui.     Packet  6  cts. 

Purple  Top,  Strap  Leaved. — The  standard  for  this  part  of  the  country. 
Superior  f<>r  early  or  late  phmtlDg.  Kound,  flat,  ffood'Slzed^  small  t->p  with 
but  lew  lea\i  ■*,  tie>h  very  flue  grained,  rich,  delicate  flavor.  Packet  uvi-^.,  ounce  10 
cts.,  tt  lb.  25  cl-^..  lb.  tS  cts. 

AROMATIC,  MKDICIXAL  AND  POT  HEKBS. 
(ALI,  ft  CKNTS  PKK  PACKET.) 


AniH.-.                                     Bill, 

Saire, 

Itnlm,                                          llort-hound. 

Sweet  Basil. 

Uoruffc.                                      llysMop, 

Sweet  Fennel, 

t  uruwuy.                                  Lavender, 

Sweet  Marjoram, 

f-'alnlp,                                    KoMi-mary, 
Coriander,                                Kue, 

Summer  Sovory, 

Tansy, 

Dandelion.                               Safl'ron, 

Wormwood, 

Thyme. 

PRICE-LIST  CHOICEST  IMPORTED  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

Please  order  by  numbera,    AU  sent  postpaid, 

Vi'e  have  arranged  the  following  collections  of  flower  seeds  which  contain  the  most 
popular  and  desiriiMe  sorts.  Being  our  own  selection  they  will  invariably  be  found 
satisfactory  lu  quality  and  exceedingly  liberal  in  quantity.  They  are  put  up  ready  for 
mailing  and  cannot  \ic  divided  or  changed,  but  will  be  sent  to  any  address,  postpai it.  on 
receipt  of  prk*.  W>.-  urgently  recommend  these  collections  to  all,  and  especially  to 
those  not  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  various  kinds  and  classes  ol  flowers, 

biennials,  perennials,  ornamental  climb- 
ers, ornamental  grasses,  and  everlast- 
ings. #1.00. 
Collection  H  contains  50  varieties  as- 
sorted from  the  nioMt  popular  aunuaU, 
biennials,  perennial,  ornamental  Kras* 
es,  ornamental  climbers,  and  evcrlast- 
iners.  ^1.75. 
Collection  I  contains  TOO  varieties  an- 
sorted  from  the  must  popular  annuals, 
biennials,  perennials, ornamental  cliniti- 
ers,  ornamental  grasset^,  aud  everlast- 
inzs.  08.00. 
Collection  J  contains  10  varieties  of 
choice  aud  valuable  greenhouse  eeeda. 
«2.00. 


TeDow  Orown  VanaS^ 


■ingstoo'B  FarorlM 

Tomato. 


rorple  Top,  Strap  LmT 
Turnip. 


Coonectlout  Seed  L«^ 
Tobacco. 


Sage. 


Collection  A  contains  25  varletiea  of 
splendid  annuals.    01.00. 

Collection  B  contains  12  varieties  of 
splendid  annuals.    &0  cents. 

ColU>ctlon  C  contains  I'i  varieties  extra 
clioice  aiiiiuftls.     01.00. 

CoIK-cllon  l>*i'ontains  20  varieties  bien* 
ni;U>  and  perennials.     01. OO. 

Collection  E  contains  10  varieties  extra 
Choi.e  t.iinnials  and  perennials.  01.00. 

Collection  F  contains  5  varieties  very 
choicest  annuals,  biennials,  and  peren- 
nials, inchidin-.;  the  finest  German  prize 
Pansy.     01.00. 

Collection  H  contains  25  varieties  as- 
sorted  from  the  most  popular  annuals, 


ABROMA. 

Beautlfnl  tralllnit  sweet  scented 
flowcrKt,  eontinuinjE  In  bloom  a  long 
time,      iluir  iianiv  annual. 

Jl— UmbelltalO-. 

ABl  TILOV. 

Attractive  half  hurdy  shrubs. 
Free  Bloomers.  Trumpet- shaped 
flowers. 

27-Cholcest  mixed  SSc. 

ACCKOCLINIUM. 

Useful  and  pretty  everla-stings. 
Pretty  for  Iwrders  ;  but  especially  adapted 
for  winter  bouquets,  &c.  Half  nardy  an- 
nual. 

40— Mixed  colors.     One  foot5o. 
ADLUMIA. 

Allegheny  Vine,  a  pretty  biennial 
climber.  Sow  In  a  damp,  cool  placf:. 
Transplant  in  autumn.  Flowers  pink 
and  white. 

45 — CIrrhosa,  or  Allegheny  Vine,  and 
sometimes  called  Wood  F'rince  lOc. 
AGERATCM. 

Very  desirable  for  bouquet  maUng. 
A  very  constant  bloomer. 

57— Mexlcanum,  Mue  5c. 
ALYSSUM. 

Best  border  plant;  constant 
bloomer  Irotn  early  summer  until  fro-t. 
Pretty,  white  flowers.  Delicate  per- 
fun: 


90— Sweet,  fragrant  5c. 
WE    WILL     BE     RESPONSIBLE-That  an 


AMARvVNTnrs. 

Ornamental  follaite.  Very  Interest 
log  and  attractive,  eitlitr  for  the  conserva- 
tory or  out-oj-doors, 

9y— Blcolor  rnber,  (rreen  ftillago 
shaded  with  rvd.  and  frequently  pointed 
yellow.    3  feet  5c. 

ANAOALLI8. 

Very  beautitul  Howers.  Valuable  tot 
edgings  or  rock  work. 

121— Mixed  colors  10c. 

AXTIRRIII?.'UM. 

Snap  Dragon.  Verv  showy  and  at> 
tructlvet  fioe  for  beds  of  massed  colors 
or  borders. 

127-MaJius  beut  Colors,  mixed.     2  feet 

6c.         

AQTJTL£6L\.    (Columbine) 

Curious  and  beautiful  flowers, 
highly  ornamental. 

U.j^Mlxed  sorts,  about  2  feet  10c. 
A8TER. 

Popular  Aster  stands  unrivalled 
for  variety  of  habit  and  richly-col- 
ored flowers. 

171 — New  Ro*e,  flowers  large ;   ve^ 
double,     brilliant,    robust    habit, 
two  feet,  ml\ed  colors,  10c. 
BOSTON  SMIL.VX. 

The  mornt  popular  plant  now  known 
for  decorative  purposes;  tine  1  limher, 

265— Myrslphyllum  asparaffolde« 
25c. 


JBent  by  Registered 
__ ._   _._    _  OS.     Small  amounts 

may  be  sent  In  htamps  when  more  convenient,  Uo  not  moisten  them  in  the  least, 
but  place  them  safelv  in  a  sealed  letter.  Do  not  send  private  checks,  as  thej-  have 
tn  be  returned  for  collection.     Do  not  send  silver,  except  in  registered  package. 

Otrii    TERMS— Are    ca^^h   with    all    orders.     No  goods  sent  C.  O.  D       Addreea 
all  orders  plainly  to  C.  VT.  DOllK  i  Co..  28'2  Fourth  Street,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


Balloon  Vine. " 


Candytuft. 


Cypress  Vine. 


Doable  Daisy. 


Tbif  adv«ni»«meiit  ol  C.  W.  Dorr  A  Co..  Dei  Moines.  Iowa,  contalni  the  most  complete  lUt  ol  good  teedi  et  tow  prlcsi  ever  advtN 

tiled.    It  li  completed  on  page  16, 


i6 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


©r^AYBLS. 


Wide  and  comprfhensive  vtewt  should  be  those  of  th« 
fmvier.  Tfut  trUUr  hu  acres.  tM  vjvJtr  Ma  vte\Dg  sfunUd  b€, 
A  eamforUMe  home  ilkoutd  be  hit,  and  all  should  be  eomfor- 
goMc  around  him^      

SKETCHES  OF  CHINA  AND  JAPAN. 

By  M.  K.  Boycr.  fr. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

Dr.  Boyer'8  diary,  under  dat«  of  December  2Dtli, 
ISK.'Rt  Faiwanfoo,  contains  the  following:— 

To-day  I  took  a  run  on  shore,  and  visited  the 
trains  of  an  old  Dutch  fort,  built  In  1S31,  and  sur- 
rendered by  the  Dut<^h  in  1BH8,  when  they  re- 
tamed  to  Java.  The  walls  of  this  fort  are  ten 
<tMt  wide,  constructed  of  brick,  with  large  guns 
sixteen  feet  long.  The  fort  bears  the  name  of 
-•New  Zealand."  It  Is  quite  a  curiosity  to  visit. 
We  also  paid  an  offlclal  visit  to  the  Mandarin 
of  the  place.  We  found  him  very  polite,  although 
rjieonly  English  he  could  muster  was  "Number 
fine,"  and  "Very  Gix>d."  The  Mandarin  was 
«  new  offlclal,  being  only  twenty  days  In  com- 
aaand,  his  predecessor  having  committed  suicide 
ftF  poisoning  himself.  Upon  our  arrival  the 
Aandarln  s-iluted  us  with  drums,  gouCT,  and 
iHie  firing  of  three  guns,  and  the  suDordinates 
OAlnted  upon  both  our  entrance  and  departure. 

Faiwanfoo  is  noted  for  its  hogs  and  dogs;  both 
these  and  the  fowls  are  Jet  black  in  color.  The 
western  portion  of  tlie  Island  is  in  possession  of 
Chinese,  while  the  eastern  portion  is  Inhabited 
by  the  natives — Malavs. 

December  'iSth,  186?,  of  the  diary,  was  written 
at  Manila,  and  contains  the  following:— 

This  morning  we  tired  a  national  salute  of 
Iwenty-one  guns,  with  the  Spanish  emiign  at  the 
fore.  This  salute  was  returned  by  the  .'Spanish 
ft)rt.  Several  of  us  took  a  run  on  sliore.  Pay- 
sia«ter  Bache  and  myself  hired  a  carriage  for  the 
d*y,  wbloh  cost  us  four  dollars.  We  visited  a 
oock  flght,  which  was  In  full  blast.  We  were 
accorded  a  seat  within  the  ring.  Kaoli  cock  was 
lu-med  with  a  steel  spur,  three  Inches  In  length, 
in  shape  of  a  sword,  and  very  sliurp.  .Vbout  five 
hundred  Chinamen,  Malays,  Spaniartls,  and  na- 
tive Indians  formed  the  spectators.  Tlie  betting 
r»n  high.  Wi  then  took  a  drive  out  into  the 
ooantry,  and  visited  old  Manila,  aiid  saw  the 
•«teots  of  the  earthquake  of  ISiiS.  The  ruins  of 
tbe  cathedral  and  palace  made  up  quite  a  picture. 
The  natives  were  all  dressed  In  their  best ;  men 
wore  white  pena  sliirts  outside  of  all  their  cloth- 
tac,  while  the  woman  donned  white  bodices  with 
•ncy  colored  skirt.s,  and  pieces  of  black  silk. 

i)ecember  21tth  there  was  a  grand  review  and 
Mrade  of  the  ."Spanish  army  of  Manila,  in  honor 
rf  Vloe-.\dmlral  Kepplo  of  the  Kngllsh  Navy: 
it  was  a  beautiful  sight.  The  soldiers  were  all 
iressed  In  white,  and  marched  well.  All  the 
leautles  of  Manila  wore  out  in  their  oarrlaaes, 
•fhlob  numbered  not  less  than  three  thou.sand. 

During  this  day  I  also  visited  the  Cathedral  of 
\X.  Doinlnco,  which  Indeed  is  a  magnlllcent 
■<!TOcturo.  It  Is  said  to  have  cost  every  cent  of 
<'il,000,000  to  erect.  The  income  of  the  parish  Is 
TT«rWO,OOOayoar.  Thoringingof  theboUsalone 
bringing  i(lU,(KX)  annually. 

January  -lib,  isia),  we  took  a  drive  to  Malavan, 
»Te  miles  from  Manila,  and  also  enjoyed  a  very 
peasant  Ijoat  ride.  We  were  Introduced  to  a 
<oh  native  and  his  family.  The  old  ladv  was  a 
KO'ble  looking  person,  "very  mnjestlc.  '  Two 
(.•aghters,  aged  respectively  fourteen  and  sixteen 
'•srs,  both  very  iMXintil'ul,  were  presented  to  us, 
>nd  two  younger  (abont  four  and  six  years  of 
lUBe),  oame  and  bowed  to  us,  greeting  us  with  a 
flSw,  and  singing  a  song  of  welcome.  RefTesh- 
j»«nt8  were  served,  and  we  spent  a  very  pleasant 
Xiiar  and  a  half. 

January  5lh  wltnes-sed  a  great  excitement  on 
ffOATd  the  sliip,  officers  all  In  a  stew,  every  one  as 
»yupy  as  a  bee  preparing  the  spar  deck  for  a  ball 
M  be  given  In  the  evening.  The  decks  were  deco- 
jatod  with  colors.  At  H.fO  P.  M.  the  ladies  and 
lABtlemen  arrived.  Such  a  display  of  silks  and 
iliunonds  I  All  the  women  spoke  Spanish,  while 
j-»  men  used  a  mixture  of  .Spanish,  English, 
?Tench,  German,  and  American. 


fTft  ^11  loetrome  vou  n.i  yon  conu*,  whrthfr  singly  or  in 
<\tbt.  Whether  in  'on  fh/-  tlft  o/  ttoo  jHirfrs  at  the  price  Q^ 
^w  on  pnfK  20,  or  in  premium  bffn-s.  All  we  degire  it  for 
'.  (Hi  to  aome,  and  come  qMickly. 


TEVENS 

FRENCH  BI7BK 

gggn'MILLS 

Thecheapert  and  BEST 

mills  in  tD  eWorld,  Prices 

g(80  and  upwards.  wa\-^ 

Ject  to  catfh  disco'JuL 

frsnd  for  circulars  to, 

A-w.HTE>■B^MllH^»^ 


^HDERSON    HARRIS  &  CO. 


Wkol«sale  Maiitif:ictiirers, 


J 

404 

LIBERTY  ST., 

CINOINKATl,   0,, 
Platim  ••<  MiH 

PlitforaWagoM 
BEST  BUkS 

■•MtortMWMT. 

'?,"/  FREE  SS 

CATALOCrE. 


DORR'S  IOWA  SEEDS  FOR  ALL  COUNTRIES. 


Om«inent&]  Gourds. 


H«llaothaa. 


«bl«  Portaiiurft 


aw«wt  WlUiun. 


BALSAM. 

Maffnlflc^nt  plaau.  Most  brtl- 
Uaot  flowcrfi  la  fgreat    profb«loii< 

■J0&— <."BinelJJa  flowered  or  blotcbed. 
TOAuj  beauUrul  colors  mixed,  very  double. 
2  feet  10<:i.,  208— Fine  UoAe  16c..  210— 
BrUht  Pink  l&c..  21^— SoUertn* 
l&o.,  .in — hcarfet  wtUu?  PpoU  16o., 
2ie— Pur*'  ^lt«  16c..  21B— Bluish 
pink  li>o..~>-Sew  orlraiM>n  16c.. 
Jri— Purple  wtkiu?  spou  16c..  r.^S— The 
ooUecUoQof  eight  #1. 00,  KT— Doable 
flne  mixed  lOc.,  J.*^— Doable  com* 
Bion  mixed  &o.,  321— Dwurf^  double 
mixed,  very  flne  10c. 

BKOWALLIA. 

Free  bloomlnfE.  Verr  deslnble 
house  plaou.     IH  incbcB. 

2T5--lCliitat  mixed  colon,  blue  uid 
irblie.  lOo. 

CANARY  BIRD  FLOWER. 

D«^rablecliniblns  plant.  Pret- 
ty foUaye,  cnrioui*  yellow  flower*. 

96^ — Tropaelum  pt'M'jrrlnum  lOo. 

Candytuft,   moMt    utieful    border 

SlaDM.     Denoe  bloomer,  tndl«pensl< 
le  for  bouquets. 
Sei>-Mlved6c. 

CARJiATION. 
Extremely   rich   and    handsome, 
and      d  f  \\v\  oanl  V    fVatfran  t.      ^'e^y 
double,  e.^qulrtlte  flowcrw. 

COHUEA  ftOANDENS. 

Rapid  climbers.  Beoutlfal  foUo^e, 
larse  bcll-ithaped  flowerik 

6tfl-10o. 

CONVOI.VrXr*  iMomlnirGlorT) 

Ornamental  climber,  rapid  grovui. 

«20— Dwarf    Mominff    (lilorT    Terr 

thowT    kud   brtlUaot.     >'!ni-    mlied   M>rU« 

fro. 

CTPREftS  VI^'E. 
Beaatlftil  omamentul   cB^bem. 
FoUaff«>  deep  sreen. 
64J^-Mlxed  6c. 

DAHLIA. 
NotUa^   U  mon-    corireODit   for  An- 
taauB  tbao   th.c    Duhlla. 
666— Bent  double  mixed  l&o. 
DAISY  (BellUperf-nnls). 
Splendid  for  houoeculturej borders 
6G0~Beat  double   mlxed«  «  tacbu. 
160. 

DIA>TIICA. 
Extremely  brilliant  tul  beaotlfbl. 
67*— Chlaennlj*  iri.!iiesi>  plnkj,  doobk> 
ertr»  tw  mixed,     l  f.>-.t  1  O.-. 

FOKCJET-MK->OT. 
Ad  eArl^- flowering  fuvorlto  vbtch 
blooms  freely. 
T^»— AlpeAtrtis  A"^  mixed.  10«. 

FrCIISlA. 
Eftfty  coltare,  srvat  bcaaty*  ftnd 
irrowM  readily. 
7Uj — Choice  named  vartctle*  S6c. 

GL-VDIOU'W. 
Rt-adllT  rulsM  from  ■•■•:-l  which  Imiore 
to  produce  new  varletUvt.  Hklf  bardj. 
Thj— Best  mixed  hybrid  tt6c. 

GOLUitS. 
Nnmerooi*    and  dlixtlmllar^  tI^ot- 
oui^ower*.  dt'slrable  tot  artwra. 
b6:^-Mlxed  16-. 

IIOLLYBOCE. 
stately  srowlh,  icorceooaly   eol- 
•red  flowern. 
^T7— Double  extra  fine  mixed  16o. 

ICE  I'LA.VT. 
Very   hand^tme  trailer. 
«6_Vhlte6  . 

LAliKSPUK. 
Trry   omumental  ai>>l  bennttfViL 
lOlt^D  warf  Uerman  ^Rocket, 
double,  extra  nii'  mlxi-d,  6o. 


LOBELIA. 

Tbepr^ttleKt  uid  tno«t  aneftU  ttCtte 
traUlDg  plaui  l»r  Lbe  hunflug  b^keC 

106O— Dwarf  doubk  mixed  10^;. 
MAKIbOLD. 
Flower*  very  doubltv 

1000— African,  double,  best  mlzBd, 
all  colors.    ::  f^'t  5c- 

MARVEL  OF  PKUTJ.  (MtrabUUa.) 
Very  beaautul,  tx.'lh  lu  loliact  aod  fioTcrt. 

lli!)0— Hybrid  mixed,  Hiauy  colon, 5o, 
PANSY. 

A  fiBTorlt«  flower. 

121:— Light  blae  16o..  in*— 
Bronze  16c.,  1:16— Pure  whttel6e-, 
i:ii»— I'nre  jeBow  16o..  i:^:— Dark 

«urple  16c.,  irio— Odier,  or  five 
lotched  16c..  1227-Emperor  Wil- 
Uamtbrllllant  Mup  ;  pnrple  evt,  16c., 
1^30— Kins  of  the  blacka  16c.,  l.>:i;i- 
Vlolet,  »^U*?  edge,  16o..  123o— Biew 
German,  finest  sU-aia,  mixed,  60.. 
I:: 41)— Snow  Qaeen,  eharmlny,  deli- 
cate, white.  6  0c..  IJts— Choice 
Ensllh  mixed,  S&o..  U4€— E.\tru 
mixed,  from  above  Tarietlec,  lS6i*.,  l.ii'^ 
— Fine  mixed  16o..  1250-^  ood 
mixed  la  i-'52— The  fln»t  nine 
TarleUe«>  *1.00,  li^4— The  Hr».t 
twelve  varietie-  *a.OO. 

PE\!< 
Ornamental  and  free-flowerluir. 

1260— Invincible  «K-arlet  6'--.  I.''*— 
Purple  BrowTi  6c.,  1264— Purple 
atrlped  6c..  1.'66— Red  wtrlped  6^,. 
lV6>^Whlt«  6c.,  1270— The  above 
mixed  (per  ot.  lOo.),  6o.,  1273— Butter- 
fly 1  very  .fragrant,  lOe..  127>— Lord 
AniM>n*a,  cky-bloe,  &o.,  12S0— E%er* 
Luttlnc.  mixed,  1  Oe- 

PETr.VLA.. 

A  fpe^lal  fftvorlt*  ;  flowerlnq  early  antfl 
fro^-t.  Very  nhowy.  Sec-'l  ^aved  fr.m 
tho  flueot  blotebed    Petunia*!   »in 

Sro-lur*  a  larst*  proportloii  of  elegnnt 
ouble  flowers. 
i;iob— Good  mixed  6c. 
PHLOX. 
Bloomn  ft-eely  until  fro*t.      Tn- 
narpajwed  for  bvddliyc. 

13ia— Bcfit  mixid  -I  liMlid  color-  10c. 

PORXri-ACA. 
Veryahow^,   brllilont  coloro  for 
b*sidlng  Of  bttsk-'U. 

138&— Be«t  tdnffle  varletle*.  mtx^d. 

6e.    L3)ii7— FincMt  double,  mixed.  16c 

KOCKKT. 

PleAalnv  hardy  perennlulmblooa- 

las  profuvJv. 

mi— Mixed,  l><*lnche«.  6c. 

STOCKS. 
Are  (n-nrral  l^vorit*'*.  affor<'.ine  a  pro* 
ftaalonofclesaiitflowerii,  lonjctlme 
In  bloom. 

16'Z.S— German  or  RoAKlaii.  t«tj  fine 
mlx.-ddoubl-  :  iiiinuH,ls,  I  frc. 
Sl'AFLOWER- 
Eaallr  yrown,  very  nhowy. 
I&*i0— Be»t  mixed  6c. 

VERBENA. 
The  Verbena  b  flncMtln  cnltlvatloa. 
For   duzzllns   brilliancy    aod   effec- 
tive color*  It  1-  Dnrt»ali-d. 

U-i^|»ure  white  lOc.  1610-Brll- 
llant  red  1  Oc.    16li-blue  SOc..  Ifil*— 
Italian,    ntrlpv-l    and    \  arlegated.  20o., 
\*'>\6 — Auricula-flowered,   fine    mlxt-d 
TaHetl.",  «ub  wblt'-  c  litre.  BOc,.  It'.lK— 
Fine    mixed     hTbHd     10c.    Vr.Hv- 
Extrtt  choice  mixed   hybrid   £6c., 
l&fi— Very  choice*'!  mlxed^  troxn  hn 
e*it  named  sirain-*    mn-nualle^l,  60<^. 
ZtVNlA. 
Zinnia   l«    prvatly     Improred;    flowcri 
lutx  and  Hhowy. 
Itv7— Double  mixed  &c. 


i 


MULBERRY  TREES  FOR  SILK  CUTURE. 

The  great  drawback  to  sUk  culture  In  the  ptLSl  has  been  the  want  of 
nitlls  to  manufHCtnrt^lhe  raw  material— a  want  which  nolonprerexlsta, 
f.jr  at  the  nrespiu  time  ate  silk  mills  are  In  dally  upprnlloii,  weaving  . 
bust  veur  l.B!>9,66«  !t>s.  of  Imported  raw  silk,  at  a  cost  of  Jlu,OOii,i"iO.  Baw 
811k 'commands  from  ft  to  (3  per  lb.,  accordlnc  to  ixa  quality;  anj 
cocoons  and  Boss  silk  (1  to  tLsO  i>er  lb.  640  niull.crrytrees  will  irrow 
well  on  two  acre-s  of  land,  which  wlU  yield  alioot  30.000  lbs  ul  leaves. 
About  IS  lbs,  of  leaves  are  required  to  make  1  lb.  of  rresh  r.)cvK)n8. 
which  wouM  Yield  abont  1,765  lbs.  of  fresh  c.x.<xins:  these  still.d  wonid 
yield  about  i«  lbs.  Dried  cocoons  ol  good  quality  are  worth  fi  per  lb., 
orfl,176,  and  Ilie  BiVdltonsIlk  worm  produces  two  cnms  a  rear.  The 
expenses  ol  produclnc  a  crop  are  ;us  follows:— Labor  *1^;  other  expen- 
ses (.ll ;  all  not  eiceedluK  ?l«i.  DeductlnK  this  from  tl.l76  would  leave 
fl,Oie  on  two  acres  ol  land  In  one  month's  time,  and  tw     crops  per 

year  can  be  prodnced.  

nrSSIAN   MTT-BEBBY.  ^  ^_  _    _^. 

This  valnable  fruit,  limber,  an<l  <»rrmmental  tree  was  brootrnt  to  tnw 
countrv  (Vom  latitude  40  degrees,  \v>~iern  Bas,sla,  by  the  Mennonltes, 
aod  Is, 'as  near  as  we  can  learn,  a  cross  between  the  Morns  Nigra,  or 
black  mulberry  of  Persia,  and  the  Moms  Tartaca,  a  native  Rus,sliin 
variety.  The  tree  Is  a  very  rapid  grower.  Trt»i,  the  seed  of  which 
was  planted  six  years  ago,  are  now  twenty  feet  In  hei^lit  and  ft-om  six 
to  eight  Inches  In  diameter  The  trees  grow  lo  t"-  very  large,  often 
reaching  the  height  of  artv  feel  and  from  three  to  11  ye  feet  In  diameter, 
and  Is  perfet-tlv  hardv  ft*  timber  Is  hard  and  durable  end  Is  used  In 
the  manufacture  ol  cabinet  ware,  and  proves  as  lasliug  for  fenc*  posts 
ascalalps  or  red  cedar.  It  commences  to  bear  \yhen  two  years  pM 
and  Is  a  prollflc  bearer,  the  fnilt  being  about  the  size  of  Kltlatlny 
blackberrleji.  A  very  great  per  cent,  of  the  berries  arc  a  Jet  Mack,  the 
balance  a  reddlsh-white.  They  have  a  tine  aromatic  flavor  and  sub- 
acid svyect  taste,  and  are  osed  for  dessert  as  we  use  blackberries  or 


BiDgle  PetaBtaiL 


leave 
Fort 

feet  ap — , r 

the  yoang  shoots  will  grow  to  the  height  oi  eisuv  ui  leu  ir.-L.    ^  ....v... . ,.. .. "-.-  •'-—■-  •-■■~,'^z--,ir_._^  „„  .»„ 

ground  keeping  down  all  the  weeds,  and  wlR  make  a  most  welcome  sh^ter  for  the  fowls  ^''''-h  l''"-!",  ™ '*£ 
fruit  that  mav  happen  to  tall  from  them.  It  will  not  be  long  before  a  tree  will  b^r  a  peck  of  Iruit  and  jn  »  *» 
Fears  mnr7ltwllf  yield  a  bushel,  and  a«  11  obtains  greater  size  It  will  even  yield  Hve  a.,d  o-n  bnshelaof  ^»cto™ 
Jhiit  The  time  for  ripening  Is  In  June  or  the  early  part  of  July.  No  truit  '  tlectlon  can  be  complete  wUhool 
»ome  of  these  trees    Tlie  fruit  can  t>e  dried,  preserved  or  iiiuned,  or  can  he  eaten  fresh  from  the  tree. 

PRICE  LIST  i-Rii-Hinn  Mulberry  by  mnil.  po«l-pt>l<l  •  2  to  4  inchej  »>i«';-.'*{An  r,.v'«ifj  1-2  r'^Tfe 
4  to  6  Inches  hish.  i.'S  for  SI  :  IIM)  for  S.i.  6  to  li  incbes  hieh.  1-5  for  Si  ;  100  "."^j^*-  •*■•  "J* 
Inches  hi.h,  li  lor  WI :  100  for  S.^.  Ri.ssinn  Mullwrry  »eed.^O  cent.  P"  onncc:  !«  per  K""* 
Silk  worm  eneo.  po»t.piiid.  White  .Inpnnese  nnd  I'rencb  A  <now,  .'50  cent*  per  10p«.  "f.  £?,,^ 
ounce.    A  complete  text  book  on  silk  onlture  for  -ii  cents.  There  ig  no  discount  from  these  pricea. 

For  ftdl  .od  rnn.plete  ll»i  '-■'  >«1'  for  the  (lirm  .od  fwtj.n,  »«  •  oopj  «f  Dorr'.  Iowa  (seed  Maii«al,  'tiich  »lll  be  -alK  IM»  •>■ 
ftay  Addreai  on  up[iIlc&tt<^D. 

C.  W.  DORR  &  CO..  Seed  Growers, 

nnil'T  rnOrCT  Onr  Kr.«t  ■■F«.u.  ».o  G.iu«»  •  olI<»  or  18SG.  It  1«  Mroilttly  •  Bplen«.l  md  raj  Bberiaiia*  •!*••« 
DON    T     rOnUtJ    tl..l!oa»onot«U.IImau.W«».     Tm  »»«.»»  G»w>«  »10D.  I.  .«!.  »"T  tl»>"  tt"  »rK»  •'  <*••• 

ur«  pftokAg«.     E*ad  llie  otter  ou  pa«..  14  »r  Ihlfl  pap«i.  


This  »i>»«rtlMiMiii  el  C.  *.  Oorr  a  Ca..  Oct  •«!•«,  lom,  ctmlalii  the  bmi  coo»l«t«  lUt  tl  iMd  ««edi  al  kiw  (rieti  e»«f  • 

llud.    It  l<  cotnpliteil  on  Oils  paaa. 


THE   h'ARM    AND    GARDEN. 


7 


^  Pbw  BUSIHBSS  F^emai^i^s. 


Entered  mt  PhUade^>hia  Pott  O^Uxas  Serond  Claaa  MatUr 


We  believe  an  agricultural  Journal  shoul<l  trnai  of  ae- 
rlcalture  not  gossip  and  politics. 

We  believe  it  should  be  pracliml  and  treat  of  u^mts  in 
due  season:  not  tfll  how  to  cut  wheat  la  winter  iiiid  flu 
the  ice-h<mse  in  sunimcr. 

We  believe  a  giwd  paper  at  a  low  price,  like  "  ftiB 
Fabm  AKD  Oabdkm."  is  better  than  a  poor  paper  at  a 
bleprice. 

W8  believe  a  paper  should  not  swindle  its  readers  or 
allow  them  to  beawioiliedby  humbug  advertisers. 

We  believe  the  reader,  when  lie  sees  a  good  thing 
knows  It  and.  when  he  sees  a  good  paper,  he  will  take  it 

We  believe  the  reader  will  appreciate  our  labor  and 
ellorts  to  pleaae  him  and  his  subscriptions  will  prove 
his  appreciation  to  the  poor  printer. 

We  believe  you  will  write  and  tell  us  so. 

We  believe  a  "wise  person  knows  what  to  do  next." 
We  also  believe  a  wise  person  will  take  a  twenty-page 
paper,  already  bound  and  stitched,  before  one  of  sixteen 
pages,  which  a  "wise  man"  must  cut  and  stitch  for  him- 


A  $5  MAGIC  UNTERN  for  $2. 


WesendtlujIaMem  COM1-T.EXE,  by  mail  poel-paid, 
-^  .ny  adilress.  for  SS.OO.  The  Wn»-»  art  Ihf  tan^Ta.Vued 
n  antemi  that  r«ail  for  Slum.  We  aluo  .end  Vji-wj.  Show- 
«inj<.  Lecture!.  Ticket!,  and  (..11  iiiBtnjcfion.,  enablu,|i  ai.y  one 
»llo  buyi  a  lantern  to  Rive  delichtful  ercning  enlerfah.rnenH 
.n  churchei,  achoul-roomj,  and  their  own  homes,  charyine  an. 
••  im*uon  of  10c.,  and  mate  from  Jin.ijo  to  «M.OO  at  eat'h  rihl. 
^  *  iiH- J**i'^i^'<"^  guaranteed  or  money  refunded,    n  H  U/ 

SATES  &  CO.,  166  Sudbury  St.,  Boston,  Mas^T 


A  VOLUME  FOB  UNIVER- 
SAL RErCRENCE. 
Anew.ind  vuluubU-   '-ool, 
[or  popular  uMe,  lomi.il.  ,1 
\  o«mneH.nt  editor*. 
an'Tce..-iik:.dun  of  the  bewt 
authorltlea,    printed    from 
new,   Inrce,   <!Icar  type, 
1  Jnl   bandHomely    bound 
^n  oloth.  It  contains  Infor- 
mation on  every  conoelva- 
]!'  ble  Hubjeet,  and  its  rctla- 
^  blllty  has   been   assured  by 
'Jje  moHt  ojireftil  prepa- 
ration.   It  Is  of  the  i^eat- 
e«t  u«e  In  answering  the  ten 
thnijsanil  questions  that  eon- 
Btantly  nrlse   In  refirard   to 
dateA,    niaoew,    persons, 
tncIdentN,  i«tatiatlc«,  ct.-, 
Priee.^l,  l.y  mriil.  pos'-jinl.!. 


PLEASE   OBSERVE  CAREFULLY 

To  prevent  mistakes.  Give  plainly,  always,  the 
full  name  of  the  writer,  with  County  and  State 
where  the  paper  is  to  be  sent,  and  not  the  one 
trom  whence  the  letter  was  written.  It  Is  well  to 
write  Jthe  address  in  full  on  the  outside  of  the 
envelope,  with  the  Post  Office,  County,  and  .State, 
for  If  the  Post  Office  mark  Is  not  plain,  or  the 
name  is  indistinct,  another  chance  is  given  to 
And  the  name  correctly  and  get  the  correct 
address.  We  often  get  letters  with  money,  with 
no  address  of  County  or  even  State :  at  times  with 
no  name  at  all,  much  less  County  and  State. 
Sometimes  we  get  lett.irs  with  the  names  of  two 
poet  offices  In  it.  Always  sign  full  name,  as  John 
Smith,  not  J.  .Smith,  for  there  may  be  a  dozen  by 
the  same  initial  J.,  and  they  might  get  your 
paper.  If  you  have  a  t)Ox.  give  vour  box  number 
with  your  address.  Qive  the  exiiot  name  of  Post 
Office,  Thus,  a  paper  addressed  Conkling  Centre 
would  not  go  to  Conkling,  as  the  Post  Office 
department  would  call  it  unmailable,  because 
there  was  no  Conkling  Centre  in  the  State.  The 
Post  t^ffice  address  must  be  correct.  Be  particu- 
lar In  all  these  points.  A  letter  will  often  carry 
when  a  paper  may  not,  for  a  Post  Office  employe 
dare  not  cast  aside  a  letter  with  a  defective, 
address  as  he  could  do  with  a  paper. 

The  Fakm  and  Qardk.v  /»  practical,  and  has 
practical  jnen  and  women  to  ufrite  for  it  in  their 
various  departments,  and  give  the  result  of  practi- 
cat  experience  in  every  day  life.  Especial  attention 
vUl  altmiys  be  given  the  various  farming  indus- 
tries, and  gardening;.  Much  attention  is  given 
to  the  results  of  experiments  in  new  seeds  and 
plants  in  cultivation.  Fertilizers  will  becarefulli/ 
considered,  and  their  material  value  considered, 
tJtis  department  will  be  a  valuable  one.  We  believe 
the  garden  and  fruit  growing  interests  of  our 
country  have  not  received  proper  attention,  and  we 
propose  to  fully  illustrate  new  and  valuable  fruits 
<u  they  are  introduced  in  the  market,  as  icell  as  the 
ntost  valuable  of  the  old  varieties.  We  are  free  to 
toy  we  have  no  interest  in  the  sale  of  any  fruit  or 
vegetable  we  notice  in  onr  columns,  ror  do  we  pro- 
pose to  have  any.  We  believe  it  to  ■.«  oitr  duty  if 
we  notice  any  article  that  our  Jiulgm^nt  should 
be  free  and  unbiased  from  any  pecuniary  motives 
We  believs  ov/r  duty  to  our  readers  requires  this. 


only  S28.  we  Bend  you  £0<)of  any  of  the  above  7Qur"plc- 
tures,  chrjraoed  In  16  colors,  size  lesw  Inches,  and  a  magnifi- 
cent H^ntln^  Case   Waccti.  warraotod   -  -  -   -  -    -  - 

Solid  Gold^Citinoney  refunded.    You  sell 


WATCH 


GENUINE  VUELTA  ABAJA 

HAVANA  TOBACCO  SEED. 

^vlng  Imported  a  let  of  true  seed  of  this  variety    I 

offer  same  at  10c  per  packet,  50c  per  ounce,  and  ii  per 

poanL     Free  by  "nail.     Ce'tiJoBnes  upon  appUcatloB. 

F.  E.  McAllister.  39  ind  31  Fultala  II..  I.  Y. 


the  200  pictured  for  iloo— making  n  pro- 
fit of  $72  and  a  Gold  Watch  bealdea.  _____ 
$2.40  for  1  doz«n  by  mall.  50  by  express  for  $7,50  These 
count  towards  your  2'X),  Don't  wait  but  order  at  once  from 
tolspaper.  Pictures  retallat  socents  each.  Samples  to  Agents 
■■'^^^"  by  mall  25  cents.  Agent's  catalogue  of  toc«>  new 
articles.  We  rafer  to  the  publishers  of  this  pa- 
per. A.  E.  Pratt  &  Co.  Solo  Publish- 
era,   27  Park  Place,   New  Vorl*. 


MAULE'S 

CANNOT  riC  tURPUSEO. 


G-ATin-EJSii 


New  catalogue  for  ISsI,  Itm  Io  all.  Best  published.  Yon 
oiiKhtto  have  It.  Oon'ltalllounilYoar  aililrtu  tn  a  Ktlal  hr 
II  to  wm.  HENRY  MAULE,  129- 131  S.  Frool  St.,  Phtla.  pi. 


STROWBRIDGE  SOWER 


BROAD \  fCAST 


BEST.  CHEAPEST.  SIMPLEST. 


C.W.  DORR,  Manager 

BACtNK     SXISSDEK   COMPANT,    i!l-5 


Sows  all  grains,  grass  seeds,  plaster,  salt,  asbea 
commercial  fertilizers  —  everytbiryf  requiring 
broadcasting-iny  quantity  per  acre,  better  and 
faster  than  any  other  method,  .SAVES  .SEED 
by  sowing  perfectly  even.  Not  affrctrd  by  irind,  as 
Beed  is  not  thrown  upwards.  Hows  half  or  fall 
.cast,  on  either  or  both  sides  of  wagon.  Readily 
.attached  to  any  wagon  or  cart  without  Injury,  and 
;used  wherever  they  can  be  driven.  Lasts  a  life. 
i-time.  Sows  80  acres  wheat  per  day.  Crop  one* 
■fourth  iargerthan  when  drilled.  Only  perfect 
Broadcaster  made:  meet  accurate  agricultural 
implement  in  the  world.  Endorsed  and  recom- 
mended by  Agricnltnral  colleges  and  best  farmer* 
in  U.  8.  FuUy  warranted— perfectly  simple.  Do 
not  be  pnt  off  with  any  other.  Send  at 
once  for  new  free  illtietrated  catalogue  with 
full  information  and  bundieda  of  testlmonialB. 
POCKTH  ST.,  DBS  HOtNES.  lOlVA. 


STEM  WINDING  MUSICAL  WATCH. 

Each  Watch  «  ftnely  made,  eilTcr  pUted.  »nd  the  pvoteit 
ooTcit;  eTcr  offeied  to  tbe  boya  aud  gixU  ot  Amenca.    It  ii  ft 

COMPLETE    MUSICAL    INSTRUMENT, 

•ire  and  BhAp«  of  s  Watch,  with  Moiie  Box  attkchmeut  con- 
tested  within,  eo  arranged  that  vheo  wound  at  the  item  playa  one  of  the 
foUowmg  tunes:  "  Home,  Sweet  Home."  "  Yankee  Doodle,  "Bine  BelUof 
Scotland,"  "Coming  Throneh  the  Kyc."  "  Swanee  River,"  "Carnival  of 
Venice,"  "Grandfather's  Clock,"  Waltz,  Polka,  Scbottische,  and  "  Wait  till 
the  Clouds  Roll  By."    The  notes,  and  tones  are  correcL    It  Instmcta 

and  pnt^ruins  hoth  old  and  voimg. 

SPECIAL  OFFER.— To  111  trod oce  onr  Rf*Tttfti^/Fomt7j/ ifotTosmc. filled 
With  charmine  aioriea,  pof^me,  sketche*,  and  everythinclhiit  it  ^ood.  we  eendU 
ontonlhBon  trial. and  the  Musical  HtUcA,  torMcte.  (or 26 2-ct.  postage  8tamf«|. 
Ju-Tf  thtnk  of  it.  a  Mmsk  Box  and  a  B^utiful  Magazine  6  months  for  Mcentt. 
Get  5  persons  tojoin  TOO,  and  seodue  $2.50,  and  we  will  send  ToaatabsolDtioB 
and  a  Watch  free.   Addie«s,8e«lalTtoHTMaga«too,  B«»»M»rt»»,^ 


A  $40 


yy  EIGHT 


T.^lgS¥ia'^gB8^F0R$I2 

LENGTH  OF  BARREL  22  TO  28  INCHES. 
SHOOTS    ACCURATELY    UP   TO    I20O   YARDS. 

GOOD   WITH  SHOT  JlT  100  TAMDS. 

EVANS'  26-SHOT  SPORTING  MAGAZINE  GUN 

SBOOTS  TWENTY-SIX  SHOTS  II«  SIXTY  SECONDS, 

With  Either  liaU  or  shot  Cartrldfcn,  withoat  ICemoTlns  from  the  Shoutder 

It  is  the  Best  Gun  in  the  World  EL"d^'.Lra;;r.,''S^'.J^1J-ir"lilf-6"„i' 

NO  HAMMER  IN  THE  WAY.   THROWING  DOWN  THE  GUARD  EJECTS.  LOADS  AND  COCKS. 

«rnTIl°,i^r,'',l;jii'.'.!','i'^",'"i"V''",°M'"'  most  "'•corate.  longest  ranged  easleit  loaded,  quickest  fired,  beat  coo. 

•=^?tVS'aa'tJ^rTr';3«1''aTl.200*Yarda  |  ^^rhSTofia^^tP.'i.^e-aT  100  Yards, 

...m.   J""*^  '*  ®*"*  °^    """"^   EVANS.-UNSOLICITED  TESTIMONIALS. 

Tte  Evans  has  been  my  conntantcomnflnlon  for  two  veara,  I  have  shot  Sixty  Buffaloesata  rno  and  rennlai  from 
betweenmy  wile's  fingers  at  «  paces."_Klt  Carson.  Jr.  "  I  have  used  the  Evans  In  compelluon  with  the  Sh^ 
Wlnch«8ler  aud  Bal  ard.  It  boats  then  all.  "-J.  Fraa.i  Lock».  Bm-nhamsvlUe,  Ulnn.  ••  it  shiX  lU.  a  bouse  a  Href^ 
can  clBan  ont  a  w  u,le  band  of  Indians  aloue  »lth  It.  I  .ball  recommend  tfom  wherever  1  eo,''-T<.xna  Jack  "U 
^n  la  heTa'rk'et"^  ?^A^°H",vf  '  ''f?^L'°  ^^'  .hoolder,  Old  a,  for  accuracy  It  c»Lt  be  beft."  I  know"'to'"e''th-e  be" 
Fun  in  tne  market,    —i.  A.  tt'•y■^.  ..f  Yates    StiarpbhuoterB.     This  ReDPiltlnir  <iun  iHRunApInf  tn  niT 

D<'ii*t  mlsathle  chance  but  b -         '  _    -     - 


ThIaReppatlns  VuD  IsBuperlop  to  all  others, 
.-  „.,  t,_.,„  „, . II,  and  puts 

-  — „  „         jteo  every  p'ln 

"  $  (2.00.  Of  the  28  Inch  barrel.-. 

.  ,,      .,  ^  —- they  cannot  be  bought  for  less  than  $30  or  140  each. 

•  rt„.— .     „      .'_.;r, 1  buy  the  gun  at  once.    Cut  this  Ont  and  mention  this  paijer  when  you  or<l<r,  as  thl» 

beDa?dattheV^,^lr.'oSJ'''"?^'"°-n'^'''''''tS°"'  the  euu  C.  O.  D,  If  you  send  $4.0Q  with  order,  the  balauce  can 
KSif  .„hU  K'^,''^'^'!i*''^",''"'"'°o',°°''^„':'»!,'"'^''-  •'  5°"  ">'"'  '""  amount  ot  caJb  with  order,  we  will  send  SI 
wi.?S2wi;^™SS"jL'i^"'.'''*_,'^''"""'y"'°.""'"''''^»^''S2'OOperhundr6d.  Ball  Cartrtrteea  Sl.SOper  hnndrcd. 
^^1  .M?H  It  ","?  'Illsoitraordln  .ry  offer  bocanse  ..,  have  si-cuied  twenty  tbo.ji„.nd  dollars  w?rih  "fhese  gun'  S 
onathlrd  the  actual  cost  yon  win  never  get  an. thereu.bhareain,  andyou  can  readily  sell  It  from  »30to  |«.     Send 

rPoYt-g^ol'S^^t^lJiWorldMfg  Co.  122  Nassau  Street,  New  York 


^SC^tKMar^sm. 


^  'Wow-J 


GREAT 

A  c.vclopt-diii  of  pttwtival 
Iiifortnutlon,  ocu(;iiDiiic 
fompK'ti?  dIreotloiiH  'i^r 
ni.ikiijcaii.l  duiii^  riv.^rr>1M»0 
tfafntfrtneceHKary  In  buwl- 
nt"*"*,  ibe  Trudt'M,  the 
iM  Shop,  Eh<- Home.th'?  Farm 
-"'  ari.l  tt.e  K  1 1  c- h  en,  ^'w  — 
Rev!  pet*.  Prewrlptlonw, 
Maniifnrturlni;  Pro- 
pi  nne"*.  Trade  Secret**, 
Chemleal  Prepnrnfloni*, 
MpchBnIenI  Appliiinec**, 
Aid  to  Inlured.  Ku-lnpHH 
Information,  T.itn'.llonio 
I>fM>o rations  Art  Work, 
Fiinry  Work,  Agricul- 
ture. Fruit  Culture, 
t^toi'k  rnUlne*  '*"''  other 
n«efnl  hint*.  Priee,  *1 
by  Mull,  poat-paid. 


BOOKS 

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A  nniverhal  Hand-jJooli  lor 
naiiy  refirt-uce,  bandMimelf 
lIlUHtrated,  neally  prinied 
from  Lew  plaU;8,  with  plain 
itim;,  od  good  paper,  and 
befiutl fully  bound  In  cloth, 
wiHi  Ink  and  gn]ti  dcnipus. 

€08  pueeH ;  40,0OO 
wordMt  700llluetratlona 
rE'iircsenUng  Blrdi^,  AoicuaU, 
Fishes,  Insects,  Plants,  FUw- 
er3.  Seeds,  Implements,  pef- 
f'?etlv  ahowlng  hundreds  ot 
olijecte  found  in  Meohaolcs 
Mathpmalic^,  Gi^inietrj-,  ana. 
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by  mall,  poi>t*pald. 


A    I  9RFRAI      PRflP     QAI      '^^^^  **  Three  Great  Books"  phouia  be  in  the  possessioii  of  every  Cbiaklne  man.    They  make  In  themselves  a  complete 
klUbllHL    r  nur      OHLi  and  desirable  library.    To  incrpafie  sales  we  have  decided  to  offer  the  three  books  for  »2.50,  by  mail,  post-paid.    8ea4 
Sloaer  Order,  Postal  Not«  or  Besistered  Letter ;  stamps  taken.    Order  now,  and  address  FRANKLIN  NEWS  COMPANY,  Philadelphia*  Pa, 


t8 


THE   FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


She  ©oULiiii^Y  yAr?D. 

CONTINCEJ)  FBOM  PaGE  B. 


Ftenty  0/  nws  pten/y  c/  good,  rich  food,  plerxfy  of  hik^- 
warm  vxUer  to  drink,  plenty  qf  gcrapt  /or  ihe  pouitry,  and 
pka^  of  effffM  ail  winter. 

Kggs  cannot  be  produced  without  lime  for  the  sheila, 
Blch  food  will  furnish  the  moat,  Ume  the  ehelL  Give 
jronr  hens  broken "ojTner  ahella  and  lime  for  egg  shells. 

YoiJNG  CHicKs.-Early  hatched  chicks  must  not  be 
Hoffered  to  become  chilled  this  month,  or  bowel  disease 
wffl  be  the  result  Cold  on  the  bowels  is  often  misjaken 
9k  diarrhoea.  Plenty  of  warmth,  and  a  Uttle  castor  oU 
'^n  the  soft  food  is  the  best  rem- 
•dy  should  any  dlfflcuUy  of  the 
kind  arise. 

Vkemin  in  'WrNTKB.-As  food 
to  nsnally  scarce  now.  and  dep- 
redators hungry,  too  much  pre- 
CMition  cannot  be  exerciseil  in 
Koardln^  against  hawks,  rats, 
minks,  and  the  Camlly  catn,  the 
latter  often  doing  much  damage 
before  incurring  suspicion.  Lice 
most  be  guarded  against  In  win- 
ter, also,  as  well  as  in  summer. . 

Fancy  E00S.-IU  procuring  such, 
•nre  your  sitting  hen  mpan>  busi 
Place  a  few  common  ef;ga  under  her,  and  order  imme- 
dDately.  When  the  chicks  are  hatched  they  should  be 
^ren  to  the  care  of  some  particular  person,  in  order 
Dot  to  lose  any  uf  them,  as  the  cost  of  the  chicks,  esti- 
mating the  valoe  of  the  eggs  and  exprt-Hsage,  will  be 
too  large  to  mo  any  risks.  Get  tbem  hatched  early,  but 
make  full  preparations  before  the  eggs  arrive  trotn  the 
breeder's  yards. 

ThsBooh  REQUiitKU.— E^ach  hen  should  have  at  least 
three  square  feet  of  room  In  which  to  rooet  and  exercise. 
On  this  b:istn  it  in  easy  to  estimate  (he  space  necessary 
for  a  flock  of  any  size.  Thus,  forfiftc'^^n  fowte,  forty-flve 
feet  should  be  allowed,  which  is  a  bouse  6  feet  deep  and 
T>i  feet  flront,  Por  ten  fowls  we  reqnire  thirty  feel,  or 
a  twose  &  feet  deep  and  6  feet  front.  P.y  this  mle  anyone 
ts  enabled  to  calculate  the  *lze  ol  hou.se  r»'<|iiired  for  any 
Bomber  ol  fowli. 

Orken  Food.— This  will  be  scarce  now.  It  does  not 
Imply  that  because  fowls ne^^  green  food  that  ibey  must 
have  gra^s  or  growing  vfi^etablen.  What  is  really 
r«qiUred  Is  a  change  of  some  kind  from  the  tisual  dry 
matter  upon  which  tliey  are  fed.  Boiled  potatoes,  tur- 
nips, carron.  and  parnnips,  mashed,  and  mixed  with  the 
loft  Jbod  are  exceJleuL  Chopped  rrtiVi>at:M.  If  not  fed  in  a 
firoeen  condition,  aoawePH  well.  The  bt•^^  green  food  la 
onions,  finely  chopped,  and  mlKt-d  «iui  the  soft  food. 
Fowls  will  also  pick  dry  clover  If  given  to  them,  or  It 
may  be  cut  and  sleeptHl. 

Hatch  thk  £.\ki,y  IVi^utth  Now.— The  early  puU- 
•Cb,  If  the  next  winter's  flock  are  to  lay  early,  must  be 
hatched  between  this  time  and  tne  middle  of  &farcb,  but 
the  earlier  the  bett«r.  We  allnde,  however,  to  puUels 
tit  the  large  breeds,  such  as  Brahmas,  Cochins,  and 
Flymontb  Bocks.  The  reaion  of  tbLs  is  that  pnlleta 
require  afx  before  tiiey  will  begin  to  lay. and  l.ie  ovarlea 
are  not  Rufflclently  developed  in  the  large  breeds  o' 
pallets  at  the  end  of  the  year,  unlens  the  ppllets  are 
hatched  eai  ly.  This  Ls  Ihe  reason  why  we  often  wltneee 
the  rapU  growth  of  puJlets  without  any  results  in  eggs. 
Tb«r  must  fuUy  ftvUure.  Besldet*.  we  will  state  that 
«ggB  fh>m  early-hatched  pullets  are  the  best  for  placing 
DwSer  the  Hitting  heiL%  or  In  incubators. 


oKri.-sr    IS    CENTS    fob.   3    FRENCH     DOLLS\ 


WITH  an  elmmt  WARDROBE  OF  32  PIECES.    There  is  One  I-UUe 
B*T.  and  T»ro  Ijttle  CIrl»,  in  each  set,  with  pretty  faces,  and  their  wardrobe 
is   so  extensive  that  it  takes  hoars  to  dress  and  undress  them  in  their  different  suits. 
Mailed  free  on  receipt  of  15  cl«.,  two  sets  for  tj.5  cl0.    Our  lar^e  doable  Cata- 
|«(«e  of  innKieal  Wondera,  Toys  SIncinK  Dolls,  etc.  Organette,  $3  qo  each. 
MASSACHUSETTS   ORGAN    CO.,  576  Wash'n  St.,    Boston,    Mass. 


Free 


$5000  REWARD. 


We  want  an  agent  In  every  town.      Mei«.  Womeo,  Boyt. 
GIfli  send  2--.  stamp  for  outlit.    We  ofTer  S5000  worth 

Fbilndelphia* 
I*enna« 


of  premiun 
Addrts; 


the  Rural  Home, 


In  irrltluc  advertlfierA,  mention  Farm  oml  Garden. 


MARLBORO  RASPBERRY 

Thl-  new.  wonderfnlly  hnrdy,  proUflo  red 

ra^pbtrrv  1^  fust  liking  the  I.'B'I   T.t  hoLh  f^ordi-n 

and  market  culture.     The  b- rry  li  Ur/^f — three- 

qnajteraof  an  inch  Indi&meWr;   wonderfully  pro- 

Ufle  of  floe,  rii-h,  red  berrlea.  rip*-ninit  as  early  ae  the 

Hansen,  but  ooutinuinz  much   looaier   \n   bearlui;.     The 

berries  we  flrm,  of  .\  ri.:h.  sub-actd  rta\or  8o  wlU  liked 

for  the  Ubia   and   marlteU     The  canes   are  very  vieorooB, 

«ft«»  RTOwlns;  8  feet  In  a  nicKle  waBon,  bavins  an  abundmice 

of  dark,   rich  green    foliafe,   aad  Htands  the  dry   weather   re- 

narkaMj  wel].     In  fact,  we  Itnow  of  nn  n^w  b*'rrjr  that  bas  all  the  pood 

points  of  the  MarIK.ro.     OUR  OFKEKi— '^e  will  fvnd  free*  by 

mallf  for  a  i:luh  of  4  new  yearly  •ub»oHber«  ut  8t>  etA.  eiirh, 

S.  well*rootod  plant  of  the  Marlboro  I£o»pberr7t  or  four 
one  cop7  of  pup^r  for  f^.UO. 


^SEW  nESIGNS, 

MEW  SCROLL  SAWS. 

NEW  PREMIUM  OFFERS. 

Send  IScts.  forlhia  new  Cui* 
few  Brarket.  Pattern  size, 
10x19.  and  a  larpe  uambet 
of  miiiuture  designs  foJ 
scroll  sawine,  or  send  6  cts. 
for  New  Illustrated  Cata- 
lopie  of  Brroll  baws,  Lathes, 
Fancy  Woods.  Mecbani(«' 
Tools,  Small  Lorks.  Fancv 
Hinges,  and  cRifliHn  for  64.^roLl 
work.  Clock  Muvement.s,  etc 
Great  Bargains  in  POCKET 
KNIVES.  Greater  Induce- 
ments in  way  of  preminma, 
etc.,  for  season  of  lfiM-''»5, 
than  ever  before.    AdUrees* 

A.   H.   POMEROY, 

tie  220  Asflun St.. Marlfoitf. Ct. 


Thk  Farm  ant*  Qart>ks  nne  year  frtfl  Hokpf  f\vd 
yoy  iX'W/rv  IT*-//  rmd  fjit'e  tMm  a  xrarm  nhed  to  «iin  fArm- 
**'•'■*  'n  f^d  rfoyw,  War-m  /fed  of  mashfd  %>otcUoeA  and 
fmuA  rtnd  n  /t*>  Wper,  <^yui  they  xeiU  shfU  out  t^gs  aixd 
poff/or  th«  paper. 


wAwnrjwhtn, 


Bend  for  the 

DETBOIT  m 

ADVERTISES 

Pnbllahed  evpry  Fridair. 
Efitabllahed  In  iftCl.  Twentf- 
eecond  Annual  Premiums, 

$35,000  m  CASH 

to  be  given  (mbscrlberB  Jan. 
14ih.  Ke'-reiicea:  Any  Mer- 
chant or  Banker  in  the  City 
ofDetroit.  Samplecoprand 

ftrofipectua   oontainlnj;    full 
nformation  sent  fi  ce  to  any 
address,  Good  agenta  want- 
Address 


WM.  H.  BURK,  Publisher, 

DETHorr,  mcB. 


ManyAgentsaremaking$5to$10perDay|jA|||  TUC  CADM  PAVC 

SELUNO  OIR  NEW  WORKONFARMIN'U.nUWW      I  lib    millvl    rMIW 


SINGLe  COPIES  MAILED  FOR  $2.50.     Send  for  Table  of  • 
C<,m.iit-m,.lTirm,  i.,  Aginiii.     PETER    HENDERSON    &    CO. 


and  S7  CortUndt  St..  New  Tork.  I 


SONG-S 


In  order  to  Introduce  our  preat  catalogue  of  I>Ins)ca\ 
InRtrumentn,  wo  will  send  to  any  penon  <INB 
HUNDUfc:D&  EIGHTY  (SONGS  forlO  CENTS. 

These  Bonps  are  prmtod  on  tinted  paper.  Each  pa«ro 
measures  ten  inches  l':ine  by  nine  incbea  wide,  with 
eli'Kunt  piciorlal  title  p;iu'e.  Thla  (zreat  collection  i» 
kJio^nas  The  American  and  European  Imperial 
It  is  the  lurapflt.  most  varied,  and  complt-ie  colleotiun  ever  printed. 


ere  the  latest  sentimental  sonjrs,  funny  soncrs.  KHf  eonjrs.  »erio-c<imic,   lullabit-s.   popular  simes, 
»,  homesongp*,  Irifth,  Scotch,  and  Elngllfthson^is  and  ballads,  patriotic  sonps.  Ethiopian  and  minstrel 


Cnabrldsed  f^ong  CollectioD 

Ton  have  hi 

opera (lonRft,  homesongp*, ..  ,        ^      ,,,.  - 

ionc*».  burlpftque  and  comic  oi>eni8nnKH,  love  songs,  naval  and  military  BpnfTS 

duets,  and  choruHPs.     You  wtllllnd  here  many  an  old  favorite  that  you  have  _      .    ^.  .   -     ■    ^,„ 

numerous  new  eonga  now  belnp  sung  by  the  leadintj  Blneers.  This  *«  ,^.  n«wi/;0"^VU"PVr^^-2?iV?  IS?«  «?*" 
(orlOCenCA.  Pott4M^$tamp»  taken.  Address  J.  L.VNN  &  CO.,  709  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


sporting  and  miscellaneous 
onz  souRht  for.  as  well  oa 


POULTRY 

FOR 

PleasuiC 
POULTRY 

FOR 

PROFIT. 


We  hre  called  opoD  bow-^- 
dayf  to  glv«  just  the  tw«(  po*- 

H^ble  gooda  for  ihf  levH  p>-*ibi# 
_  mon-y.  A  I'ouUry  Book  t» 
WBiit«d  for  S5  ceat«i  wbtch 
will  be  eompl(^(«  iq  il««lf.  To 
■upplT  tbij  want  I  bubmlt  tbU 
UtU«  book, 

"Poultry  for  Pfeaat/r^ 

and 

Pouliry  for  Profit." 

It  la  ioi^nded  to  ^wr  tfaer««d- 

«r  a  good  underatfta4ia«  vf  ttM 
differetit  \artPtloaof  fowti,  ubow 
Dp  the  good  quUtles  of  f*cb, 
-.Dd  let  him  Bee  wbioh  ftf«  be«t 
adapUKl  t«  opeolftl  waats. 

It  Is  inWiided  to  «b«w  bow 
beet  to  bourtt  them  »ad  r«re  fbr 
them,  that  &  per»oo  aur  d^rir* 
profit  from  them  txA  *9^J 
tbem;  also  to  am  tlM  pw^try- 
auD  ftKBlnst  dWaMM  wblch 
tbrcafL.  bie  fowU. 

All  of  thp  IraportAM  (w,iore# 

r  tbf  bu~ii)t;h-<  ibat  arr  u'tfACC- 

Jig  sp^'clttl  Hit-ntlonal  (ht-prw- 

Inpubaton*  and  0»« 


pona  ui 


'diH 


u>M-l  with  Ititeod- 


ed  ralrat^H-<  to  aW. 

Keeping    Ponltry    on    a 
Large  Scale, 

il    tht>    or'T    •olatioo    M     tlM 
oaeHtluD  "How   caa    It    be 

done  luid  pBjf* 

Thtre  are  gcxid  iHaptn*Uon«  of 
aomv  M  tbe  jirimlpal  vartctlea 
of  fowls,  also  of  the  bo>«  Fool- 
try  lloui!>c<«  ftT  tt»e  fanilcr  or 
exteodlve  pouHr\  Ite^p^r. 

&4;ut  on  rcct'li  '  of  25  centa| 
or5boofc«for..  1.00.  Postal 
Note  preferrL-4.  Stamps  <*kcn. 
Addren 

e.M,s.JOHNsgii 

BIKGHAMTOH, 

RKW  ^OU&.. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


•9 


Funny  Shihgs. 


Variety  U  what  makes  life  a  pleasure.  A  variety 
t(f  rtadin{j  is  pleasant  reading.  This  U  our  aim  to 
make  a  varieiy  /or  the  pleasure^  and  also  the  pt  fit, 
e/  the  reader 


"  Won  by  a  bare  scratch ! "  as  the  hen  observed 
when  she  turned  up  the  worm. 

"Do  take  some  more  of  the  vegetables.  Mr. 
Blood,  for  they  go  to  the  pigs  anyway." 

John  Ooueh  says  that  after  he  has  delivered  a 
lecture  he  has  to  read  himself  to  Bleep.  Bings 
says  his  case  is  different;  his  wife  usuall"  'eo- 
tnies  him  to  sleep. 

.     ^  ..^„LOW  COST  HOUSES. 
Mo  yoa  intend  to  build?  HOW  to  BUILD  THEM 

A  lar^e  Atlas,  giving  outs  and  fill! 
descriptioQs  of  40  desirable  mod. 
em  bouKes,  oosilng  from  A400  up 
to  4>e,500.  ProfuKely  Uliutrat- 
In^everT  detail  ami  many  original 
Ideaa.  Hou^*  a  adapt.^d  Ui  all  oLiiu&teK 
dflacribM.  Srie.:i!ii:alion3  and  slie  of 
roomo  ehown.  Tbe  latent,  bent,  and 
only  cbeap  work  pabllnbed.  F.v- 
^ry  one  who  thinks  of  buildlDg  should 
have  this  hook.  Wo  will  seod  11  hy  mail 
po'ttpaid  and  The  Farm  am>  (iA£j>KN 
one  year  for  70  centa,  or  will  give  H 
free  as  a  premlnm  for  a  club  of  4 
yearly  fiubiicrlber«  at  £5o.  eaeh. 

"  Sally,"  said  a  fellow  to  a  girl  who  had  red  hair, 
"  keep  away  from  me  or  you'll  set  me  on  Are. 
••No  danger  of  that,"  replied  the  girl,  "you  are 
too  green  to  burn." 

At  a  college  examination,  a  professor  asked: 
••  Does  my  question  embarrass  you  ?  "  "Not  at  all, 
■Ir,"  replied  the  student,  "  not  at  all.  It  Is  quite 
olear.    It  Is  the  answer  to  it  that  bothers  me." 

A  Parisian  mother-in-lawsaid  to  her  son-in-law, 
•'So  you  were  at  the  ball  last  evening,  and  It  is 
not  a  month  since  you  lost  your  wlfe.^'  "  That's 
tme,"  answered  the  culprit, '  with  a  contrite  air, 
"bot  I  beg  to  remind  you  that  1  danced  very 
•adly." 

A  devotee  of  Bacchus  was  overheard  the  other 
Bjght  thus  addressing  his  hat  which  had  fallen 
from  hie  head,'"  If  I  pick  you  up,  I  fall ;  If  I  fall 
yon  will  not  pick  me  up.  "Then  I  leave  you,"  and 
he  staggered  proudly  away. 

"  Well,  my  daughter,  your  mother  and  I  have 
been  consulting  recently  about  the  windows  for 
onr  new  house.  What  kind  would  you  like  In 
the  parlor,  "uh,  thank  yon,  papa,  for  seeking 
my  advice.  I  should  prefer  beau  windows,  by 
•11  means." 

The  New  York  Tribune  says  that  a  country 
Clergyman  who  has  been  visiting  in  that  city 
complains  that  bunko  steerers  are  so  much  like 
Clergymen,  that  it  Is  difficult  to  tefi  them  apart. 
He  should  be  able  to  tell "  t'  other  "  from  "whlcli" 
by  their  manner  of  preying. 

A  remarkably  weak-minded  dnde  says  that 
when  he  leaves  this  world  he  wants  to  die  of 
dropsy,  because  the  latter  is  such  a  swell  dlBea««, 


NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS,  STOCKMEN,  FRUIT-GROWERS, 

Enral  people.  YOU  CANNOT  AFFORD  TO  DO  WITH- 
OUT IT.  Ask  th<«e  who  tnow.  if  y.m  donot.  The  Rural  New. 
YoBKKii  EXISTS  TO  DO  t;OOD.  It  ia  PUKE,  TKUaST- 
WOUTHV,    OKIGINAX,    HPAKKLINIJ,    ALIVE.    It 

differs  frt)m  other  mraj  journals  in  that  it  is  owned  aod  (  on> 
ducted  by  practical  and  successful  farmers.     There  i« 

NO  OTHER  FARM  PAPER  TO  COMPARE  WITH  IT. 

80  say  thousands  of  the  BEST  PEOPLE  in  America. 
THE  BEST  WBITEES  In  the  world-over  600  contribotors. 
600  IIXrSTBATIONS  FROM  NATUBE— the  BEST  IBTISTS. 
880  ACBES  OF  EXrEBI3IE>T  CEOrNDS. 


BsifBT  Wakd  Bxbcocb  Haja  :  *^o  |UT«  the  palter  OOM,  U 
io  wkat  It  ftlwkfi." 


GsN.  Wm,  G.  LbDuc,  fj.  r.  5.  Cifm.  0/  Agriculture,  Myi: 
'^  It  1>  the  beat  rarm  paper  pabllahed.'* 


Many  of  the  BEST  GRAINS,  HMALI,  FRUITS.  P0TATOE.S,  dtc,  have  been  SENT  OCT 
in  theRuBAX,'s  FREE  SKEI>.|JISTKIHrTIO.N.  ttT"  Have  j-ou  heard  of  the  'Beacty  or  Hkbbon  •' 
""White  P:lephaNT"  and    "Blchh"  PutatoeeT     Have\you  h.-ard  of  tbe   "  OUTHBERT"  Raspberry-   of  the 

"Clawson"  and  "  DtEm-MzDiTEaKANEAN"  Wheats  ?     These  and  hundreds  of  others  have  beeo 
sent  to  sabscrlbers  FREE  of  charge*   Ita  present 

PRFF   SEED-DISTRIBUTION! 


Is  of  greater  valne  than  auy 

-        _. HTH  MORE  than  tliol  

We  admit  no  deceptiTe  or  fraudulent^  adverriNPn'    ni-..    Tbk  Rural  New-Torkeb,  worth  over 


■ubBcriberfl.    It  alone  Is  WORTH  . 


any  of  trip  precedinjf  ones,  and  wiH  be  sent  free  to  all 
o  Yl  AIJL_Y  PKICE  of  THE  JOUKNAIv. 


half  fl  iihilicii  dollars,  i^  independent,  true,  and  faith- 
ful to  ibe  interest-^  of  farmers.  It  can  aflbrd 
to  be  bonpNt.  It  abominates  monopolies* 
It  expoHes  all  fraudn.  Over  10«000  queetiona 
answered  in  its  Farmers'  Club,  preeenung  a  perfect 
cyclopaedia  of  farm  information  annually. 


$2,800 

lall  they  tnay  be.    We  wish 


OFFERED 


SRESENT8  for  tbe  largest  clnbo,  no  matter  how  emal^ 
erefore  inrite  them  to  eend  for  free  specimens.    Th 
-  ^mw  Ttvurr     r.io.i7>«»T«*    GARDEN,  RELIUIOU-.;  i 

price  ifl  82*00  per  year,  weekly.    Pine  tintad  paper,  16  pages.    Try  U. 


Jierefore  inrite  them  to  eend  for  free  specimens.    Then  tney  tn 
for  THE  BE8T.    It  is  a  FARM,  GARDEN,  RELIGIOUS. 
JOURNAI*-AlJL  IN  ONE.    The  price  is  82,0O 


they  tnay 

Then  they^may  iudge 


To  Its  subscribers,  In 

all  to  know  the  truth,  and 

;e  for  themselveB.  and  subscribe 

"S,  HOME  and  LITERARY 

3tint«ap 


Add«M  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER,  34  Park  Row,  New  York. 


We  should  be  cheerful,  if  possible,  at  all  times; 
tntU  it  what  the  Farm  and  Gaedkn  tries  to  be  on 
Otis  page.  Clieerfulness  makes  life  plea-santer,  to 
aoe«  a  good  agricultural  paper  like  the  Fakm  and 


B  ill  you  not  affree  to  it,  and  take  il. 


ONLY  14GENTS  for  3FRENCH  DOLLS 

WITH  AN  ELECANT  WARDROBE  OF  32  PIECES. 

#B^  ^^^^  OonsiBtlng'of  Reception  Drceses.  Evening  Dreasest  Street 

Coetumea.  Momliur  Dresses,  Gloaks.  Hats  and  Bonnets, 
Hand  Sat*:hf  1h.  Sun  Umbrellas,  Music  PortfolioB,  Over- 
coats. Sailor  Suite,  Military  Sqitsand  Drnms,Stxeet  Jack- 
eta  and  I>r©BH  Suits.  Watermg' Place  Suits,  Traveling-  Cos- 
tumes, &o.  These  dresBea  and  suits  in  this  eleprant  ward- 
robe repreeeiit  Nine  I>if  f  erent  Colors,  and  they  are  lovely 
beyondT description,  B«veralof  them  belnff  from  deHigns 
by  Worth,  ol  Paris.  There  is  one  little  Boy  and  two  Qiii 
dolls  In.  each  sot.  with  pretb'  faces  and  Ufenlike  beautlfnl 
f  ectures,  and  thoi  r  wardroY>e  belntr  so  extenelve  that  il 
takes  hours  to  dress  and  undress  them  in  their  different 
euita.  Every  child,  and  In  fact  every  mother  that  hoe 
seen  them  KOintoe^itaciea  over  them.  Children  will  g%t 
more  real  enjoj-ment  out  of  ft  set  of-  these  French  DoUg 
thanoot  of  articles  thatcOKt  910.  Every  person  that  buys 
them  pen  1b  immediately  for  more.  A  L^dy  writes  uethat 
herhttle  Lvov  and  glrli^ayed  lor  five  hourfl  with  a  set  of 
thefieFiencn  dolls  and  they  felt  very  bad  indeed  to  think 
that  they  inurt  stop  and  eat  their  supper,  and  if  motbera 
only  knew  hr.w  mnch  amusement  ther«  is  in  these  dolLi 
they  would  not  only  ^ve  14  cents  but  60  cents  for  them 
ritner  than  not  have  them.     Sample  eet,  consisting-  <a 


ttiree  dolls  with  their  wardrobe  of  ©»  pieces  bv 
m>s;tp«ld,  forl4  ccDta.  2  sets,  6  dolls,  64  pieces  fo.  - 
Ten  sets  for  81.    If  you  send  for  one  or  two  sets  we 


wm 


send  our  Secret  Method  and  Full  DirectiODH  how  you  can 
make  more  tiian  One  Hundred  Dollars  a  month  out  of 
theae  dolls,   Thislaanppportunity  too  valuable  for  yoa 
A4dres«  E.lNAHOIf  Sc  CO.,  l30  Fulton  Streeu  New  York 


■■i   READ!   ■■■   HEAD!   ■■§    READ'    WKM  READ!   ■■■    READ! 

I  THIS  STYLE  PHIUDELPHIA  SINGER  MACHIMF  ONLY  $20.  TWO  WEEKS  ON  TRIAL, 

I  WARRA 
I         G 


WARRANTED 

e 

YEARS. 


FREE  W I  m  EA<  M— Johnson  Rnffler,  Tncker,  I  box  of  4  neramers  and  Binder,  Thre.-id  Cntt<T,  12  Nee- 
dles. H  rench,  h«rew  Driver.  Oil  and  Oil  Tan,  1  Root  Bemmer  and  Feller,  Braider,  extra  Check  Sprine,  extra 
l,,!7?  '  *'        T        "    UlrectionB ;  this  includen  all  »tt»chment/.  poMible  to  furnish  with  any  Diarliino      The 

"Il'AKKl.PHIA  fINOER  it  tht  same  m  any  SinRor  Family  Machin-— it  is  highly  omamenttMl  in  black  and 
gold,  all  th»  parU  are  aelf-threadinK,  loooa  pulley  to  wind  the  bi*bin  withontmnning  the  machine,  nickel-plated 
balance  Wheel  and  castors  on  the  Bland.  The  cabinet  TPork  is  theiiuostuBed  byany  machinecompanv,allmado 
In  the  latest  Gothic  Style,  handsomely  veneered  with  French  walnnt  panels.  Onr  nnprecedented  offer  to  »end 
It  to  you  on  twowwks'  trial  in  yaiirown  bouse  ought  to  induce  any  one  in  want  of  a  machine  to  order  at  once. 


OffttUrmn  ; — Please  send  me  oh*  PhiUuUtphia  Sinffer  Srwing  Machine.     Pri^e  $2Cy. 


Shifts. 


1/th.e  machiHe  frmtt  to  it  as  rtpnaenttd  by  you,  after  ttvo  lueeks'  trial,  I  ivill  send  rim  the  amount  amid 
u/fon  at  oThe. 


S^ned.- 


Genflemen  : — ^. „ _ rvho  jmds  you  tin's  order  for  a 

srtfin^  machine,  it  w^  kncmm  to  me  as  a  reliaiiU  person,  and  Ihelirve,  if  the  machine  firoi'cs  as  you  refi- 
r  esrnt,  the  money  wUl be /or'.varded  to  you  as  agyeed ;  if  it  does  not  prove  satisfactory,  I  am  confident  the 
mtuhtne  will  be  returned  to  you  in  good  order  at  the  time  specified. 


Signed... 


State  business  engaged  in.. 


I 


C*t»4>ine  WELL-KNOWN  men-hunt  or  banker  to  »l|ni  th 
nronnjtlj.     Wb-y  pay  $40  or  $30  for  ob»  no  t>«ttcrt     W 


Cot  «at  thli  eoopon,  uid  All  In  yonr  bkiba,  po^t'offlrf,  and  ■bippln^  dlrectlonA,  plalnlj. 
rvtom  the  mnrbino  to  n«.  If  It  pro\eH  «■»  rrpr^itenlcrt,  wn  pipfrt  ro«  to  fortraM  tbe  inon(>T 
■n^wbtreln  the  CNITEIl  STATES— ALL  WK  ABK  18  TO  KAOW  THIT  THE  PEUSON  OR 
•poDkHilo  ppnple  anJ  agrnU  of  the  bl^b-pHeed  macbiae«  fruta.  impoalng  opon  OB.    H«  want  to  know.  If  we  perfum  oor  part  of  th«  coatraf  tT  that  you  will  tout*. 

bS  ANn  lot.     Etery  marhlDV  Ib  ae-  —  —   — —  —  - ___ 

eompanled  with  a  crrlinrnt*  of  war- 
BforTHJUCEYEAUS.  AMr«M, 


thlo  e«rtiflent«.     If  It  U  not  all  wc  claira,  yon  can   , 
K  ARE  WILLING  TO  SE.ND  TIIEBI  to  any  one 


---     i*y  nromptly.     Wby  pay  $40  or  $3U  for  ono  no  b«ttci 

LL  WK  AbK  18  TO  KAOW  THAT  THE  PEUSON  ORUEUINO  IS  A  filtLlABLE  PERSON.     We  are  .ompelled  to  a-k  a  r«a«>nablt  tmnmntee  to 

Tills  IS  ONLY 


CHARLES  A.  WOOD  &  CO.,  17  North  lOth  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

READ!   ■■■   READ!   ■■§  READ!    WKM  READ!   H^   READ! 


30 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN, 


fl   (iJOLLBGTION. 


■IMttCIT  tY  UMCU  UN'S  MAIL  UIO  IN  OTMCR  WAYS. 


EXPLANATION   OF   CLUBBING  LIST  IN   NEXT 
COLUMN. 

Are  you  Intending  to  subscribe  for  any  American  pa- 
per^    If  BO,  look  at  these  prices. 

The  prices  given  are  for  yearly  subscriptions  to 
the  papers  named— and  include  a  yearly  subecription  to 
the  Farm  and  Oabden.  Should  you  desire  to  take  any 
publication  without  the  Farm  and  (jakdek,  deduct  25 
centa  from  price,  and  we  will  send  it.  In  some  cases  two 
prices  are  given.  The  lowest  price  Is  for  new  subscribers 
the  other  fur  renewals.  (There  Is  no  use  In  attempting 
to  deceive  pubUshers  on  tb*'".  point.)  We  are  only  the 
aeeuts  of  the  publishers  Oi  the  pap**r8  in  this  list.  We 
pay  theiu  your  money  and  they  are  then  responsible  to 
to  you.  and  to  them  all  complaints  should  be  directed. 
Samples  ot  these  papers  will  be  sent  on  receipt  oi  one- 
twelilh  of  p^'ice  lor  monthly,  one-thirtieth  for  semi- 
monthlies  and  wi^klies.  Subscriptions  received  for 
aoy  American  paper.    Address 

Fabm  akd  Oabden,  Lock  Box,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


OUH  COMPCETE  CLUBBIWC  LIST.     Explanation  of  Clubbing  Ust  on  first  columm. 


p.  8,  Cabbage  Skkds.— The  new  brand  of  T'abbage 
Seeds  advertised  In  tliis  issue  ot  Buget  Sound  Growth, 
although  but  a  tew  years  in  the  market,  are  becoming 
very  popuhir  with  the  most  critical  market  gardeners 
all  over  the  Union.  Mr.  K.  J.  HoIHsier,  u  well-known 
market  Gardener  of  Tecumseh,  Michigan,  sold  seeds 
and  plants  enough  of  them  last  spring  in  hLs  vicinity,  to 
cover  eighty  acr#-3  in  cabbages.  He  writes  to  Mr.  Til- 
linghast  :— 

"I  have  just  been  out  to  see  forty-tive  acres  of  cabbages 
growing  from  j*our  P.  S.  seeds.  In  walking  through  the 
fields  the  person  who  owned  the m  reniarked  that  he  was 
so  highly  pleased  with  yonr  seeds  that  he  would  rtot  have 
any  othfra  an  a  f7(/Y,  and  the  crop  Justilies  his  remark; 
they  are  so  true  and  even  that  it  seems  to  me  that  they 
will  all  make  heads." 

Hundrf-da  of  Hinillur  pxpresfilons  can  be  shown  from 
all  parts  of  the  country,  and  Mr.  Tlllinghast  may  be 
called  a  benefactor  of  mankind. 


A  Good  Okkkb  — The  Farmf-r'g  Maoazin^,  Parkesbarg, 
Pa.,  a  IG-page  monthly  h1  3.'>  cents  a  year.  i.s  good  and 
•heap;  see  ivdverilsemenl  in  thiK  jtaper.  '•  IN»iiliry  for 
Pleasure  and  PruUl"  is  a  very  useful  bonk,  and  cheap  at 
35  cents,  but  we  will  send  Farm  and  (Jabukn  and  the 
Farmer  s  MagazUie  both  one  year,  and  a  cony  of  this 
Poultry  Book,  (combined  price  f  1.10)  all  for  only  70 cents. 
Order  at  ouce.  

8.  L.  Alleu  A(3o.,  of  127  Catharine  street,  Philadelphia. 
•re  a  well-known  anci  reliabh-  tirni.  They  have  in  prep- 
aration an  excellently  illu-*irjited  euiiiUigue  describing 
their  Garden  Sepd-drllLs  anil  iIoe.H.  This  contains  much 
lntere«ting  matter.  By  the  time  you  can  write  for  it  it 
will  be  reiuly.  and  as  they  are  a  liberal  firm,  they  send 
the  expensive  book  free, 

C.  A.  Wood  &  Co.  offer  a  sewing  machine  in  this  paper 
ou  remarkably  tlt>urul  t<>rnis.  We  know  the  flrm  well ; 
they  are  good,  honest  people,  and  will  do  as  they 
f  rombte.  We  use  one  of  their  machines  in  our  family, 
an^^  there  Is  no  better.  Now  all  ye  young  housekeepers 
lr>'one* 

Ahk  YotTO<'iNG  WE.ST?— Hon.  H.  W.  Dana.  Lincoln. 
111.,  U  making  up  a  colony  for  Swlfl  Couniy.  Minnesota, 
in  corn-KrowIng  and  dairying  region  oi  central  Minne- 
sota. Fiirmers,  mechauic»,  and  business  men  who  value 
aoclety,  -schools,  und  churches,  wanted.  Particulars  on 
appUcatlun. _ 

Received  from  T.  Walters  A  Sons,  West  ChOFler,  Pa., 
«Atalogue  of  thorough  bred  stock.  The  stock  of  this 
Arm  is  so  favorably  known,  we  need  only  saj ,  get  the 
best  and  they  have  it^ 

J.  Frank  Mancha.  of  Claremont.  Va.,  has  an  interest- 
log  advertisement  of  his  colony  in  tin-  South  on  our  last 
■  ouver  page.    He  Is  a  reliable  maiL 

The  World  Manufacturing  Company  is  a  liberal  and  j 
reliable  arm.  ' 

"Practical  Poultry  Keeping,  as  I  Understand  It,**  by 
G.  M.  T.  Johnaon,  Biughamtou,  K.  Y„  18M.  This  Is  a 
concise  treatise  on  all  that  Is  valuable  In  poultry  breed- 
ing. We  know  of  no  work  that  coDtulns  so  much  prac- 
tical iiiiormatlon.  in  so  small  a  space,  on  breeds,  with 
thelrftill  history,  habltsanddlseuses.with  their  remedies, 
and  full  practical  details  for  the  care  and  management 
of  all  kinds  of  domestic  poultry.  Any  one  by  following 
the  advice  contained  in  this  work  ransacc^-ssfully  breed, 
for  the  fancier  or  market,  any  breed,  without  previous 
experience.  Tlie  work  is  profusely  illustrated  with  cuts 
of  all  the  different  kinds  of  poultry  usually  grown,  and 
two  beautifully  colored  plates  of  poultry,  WeJ^n  fully 
recommend  this  work  to  our  readers.    Price  50  cents. 


AGRICULTURAL. 

A^cul.  Kpltomlet.  |0  60 
A^lcul.    World     and 

Mioti.  Hotnestead  1  10 

Amer.  Bee  JourQal.  W 
"    MonUi., 
Amer.    ACTJcnllarist,     1  25 
Amer.  Aplculturlst, 

|1  15  ISS 
Amer.    Cultivator.  2  65 

Amtr-  DalrvtSaa.    1  :i.^  1  60 
Amerloao  t'wnier, 
Amt-r.  Farm  Journal,        65 
American  Field,  4  35 

AmerlcQji  GardcB,  1  05 

Aaitr.  Grange  Bul'n.  I  50 
Amer.  P^mltrj Journal,  1  06 
AmtT.  Poultry  Yard.  1  35 
Amer.  Rural  Home,  1  10 
B©e  Kt^peri'  Guide, 
Bowdltcti's  Amer.Flor 

IsC  and  Fu.-mer, 
Breeders  Gazette,  2  S5 

OlaciQ.Llrt  Stock  Re- 
view, 
City  and  C-oimtrr, 
Colmao*  Rural  WorM,  1  60 
CoDoectlcut  Fanner,  1  M 
Cotton  Pliut, 
Cultivator  and  C'cnntr; 

GvDtlemaD.  3  ^ 

Dingo  Rurul,  I  36 

Drain,  and  Farm  Joor.  1  10 
Duucao'i  Mo.  Mag.,  I  75 
Duou)n'§  Spirit  or  tbe 

Turf.  3  35  4  36 

Empire  State  Agrlcol., 
Fanciers' Gazette.  1  10  1  36' 


145 


Maryland  Farmer, 

Michigan  Farmer, 
Midland  Farmer, 
Minnesota  Farsier, 
Mirror  and  Faruef, 


105 

1  60 
6o 

135 

1  30 

.Vat.  Farm  and  Fireside  1  00 
NaU  Live  Stock  Jour., 
Nat.  Pooltrr  Monitor, 
Nebraska  Farmer,  )  35 

NewEng.  Far.,       |2  00  J  30 
New  Eng.  Homestead,     J  35 
N    Carolina   Farmer, 
Obio  Farmer, 
Ohio  Poultry  Journal, 
Orange  Co.  Farmer, 
Park-6  Floral  Mag., 
Pennsjlvania  Farmer, 
P.-ople'  and  Pntriot,  1 35  1 
Planters'  Journal.  I  60  1  65 

105 


1  00 
135 

t» 
I  55 

70 
1  05 


Poultry  BuUttio, 

Poultry  Keeper. 

Potihry  MesMDi^r, 

Poultry  Montlily, 

Pouluy  Nation. 

Poultry  World, 

Roanoke  Patron, 

Rural  New  Yorker, 

KurrO  Home. 

Rural  K'-oord, 

Seed  Time  ±  Harreal, 

South  aud  Wf,-)t, 

Southern  Planter, 

Southland, 

Southw  n  Poultry  Jl 

SpiritoriheFarm.l  86  2  10 

Spirit  or  the  Times,        4  B5 

Tex.  Farm  and  Ranch 

Tes.LlvcSu^ckJ  1,1^  1  &5 


American  Queea, 
Arthur's  Home  Uag., 
Chicago  World, 
Christian  Woman 


336 
105 
.  136 
,  1&5 
66  75 
1  10 


Delineator, 
D«morest'e  IIIqb.  .t 
Domestic  Journal, 
Domestic  Ho.  Mag. 
Ehricb'a  Fa^h.  Qaar., 
Home  Jour..  Boston, 
Home  Journal,  N.Y., 
Household, 
MtlLinery  Guide, 
Mothers  MagazlDe, 
Pi'lerson  s  Magazine, 
Woman?  Jon mal.,'$l  85  2  85 


3  10 

186 
1  10 

■iH5 
135 


LITERARY. 

Arkan^aw  Traveler, 
1  lOtBallou  s  Magazine. 

BaT  Stat    ■" 
1  10 
1  10 
J25 


1  00 


tern  Plow 
Wt^tirn  Rural. 
Wt-et«?rn  Sportsro 


186 


ARMY  AND  SAVY^ 

ArmvANavT  Jour.,   5^« 

II'  *    606 

Army  and  Navy  R«f .,     3  35 


Farm  and  Fl^■■^ide(0.),  75|Tex. Planter*  Farmer. 
Farm,  Field  and  F'slde,  95  Te\a-<  St-wkman,  lb6  3  25 
Farm  and  Httme  (M's).  86'TribuDe  and  Farmer,  106 
Parmer  and  Dairyman,  Sefvick's  Monthly  Mag,,  1  15 
Parmer  and  Pr'lGro-r.  1  25  Western  Cultlrator. 
Farmer  and  Manufac.  60w.^-tera  Former.  Wis 
Farming  WurM.  3  10 

Fanners'  Comi-aolon,  00 
Farmery'  Prfend,  "0 

FarmtTt'  llome    Jo«r 

nal,  1  351  60 

Farmer'H  K<.-vfew,  1  J^ 

Farm  Jouraal,  60 

Floral  World, 

Florldi  Agricultunst,  1  ft5 
Forc.-<t,  Forge  and  Farm,  70 
Fruit  R«.-oordex, 

Game  FancfeT'it  Joor.,  70 
Germaulwwn  TO.,  lO  I  65 
Goo.1  Cheer,  '        66 

Grangf  Visitor, 
lirr-n  Mountain  Neir(,  1  60 
GrtwQ's  Fruit  Grower, 
Homiiaorl  Farm  (Ky.) 
Homi.'  Furm. 
HoMhaudman,        tl  10 
Indiana  Farmi-r,  1  36 

Iowa  Faroier,  1  10 

Iowa  Homeatrad.  |I  35  I  85 
Jonrual  of  Agrioultora  1  25 
Kao-Hs  Farmer.  I  36 

K'y  Stook  Farm,  |1  00  I  10 
LlvTiitklndJoar,l36  166 
tJvT^  Stook  Monthly,       Ha 


jrVKNTLE. 
American  Young  P'ks,  |   75  < 
Baby  land,    . 

106 


ChatXerbox. 
Children's  Friend, 


IS6 


Golden  Argo**, 
OurLlt.MeoftWomeD,  100 

Our  Little  Onen  and  >  ,  -- 

I.'  Nurwry.             S  *  ** 

PansT,                         -  I  00 

Picture  Gallery.  S6i 

St.  Nicholas.                 .  -J  S5: 
Wide  Awakr. 

You<-h»'  Comp  u.  I  69  3  lOJ 


le 


Bay  State  Mo.,       $2  36  3  36 
■'■■"•■  2  60 


3^ 
1  26 
I  70 
105 

1  16 

2  76 


436 


Bea-ik  4  Wi>ekly 
Cetfturv. 
Cottagt'  Ueau- th, 
Cbatauquao, 
Cricket  ou  the  Hearth, 
Chicago  Ledger, 
Critic, 

DoDahue'8  Mag.,  f  1  35  1  86 
Drake's  Travel's  Mag.,  1  lu 
Eclectic  Magazine, 
English  lUud.  Mag., 
Fireside  at  Home.  1  05 

Fire.dide  Companion,  2  86 
Granite  Monthly .  $1  36  I  86 
LipplncoU's   Mag.,  2  60 

Literary  Wurl-'  $196  '2  15 
UacmiUan's  Ua^az'e,    2  86 

York  Dram.  News, 
New  York  Mercury, 
News  LeiUr. 

American  Review, 
P»>ck'<i  Sun, 
Penosylvaniaa, 
People's  Fln-«ide  J'l, 
Puck, 

Saturday  Even  ^  Post, 
Scottish  Americao  J'), 
Spectator,    . 
St.  Louis  Magazioe, 


North  we«tam  MUler, 
Sclentlfte  American, 
Scienti&o  Amer.  Sup,, 
The  Lumber  World, 


1  go|J»<:k»on-\-iileTln>f«,  fl5 

2  95{Kan&as  City  Journal.  I  fiS 
4  35 1  Kansas  City  Time«,  I  D 

Kansas  Stale  Journal,  \  S& 


126J 


Lansing  Hepubllran. 
Uavenworth  Tlmea, 
Lon  ,Can,,  Free  Ptmw, 
Lon.,C.,West.  Adver., 
Louisville  Conrier  Jl, 


NATURAL  SCIENCE 

HISTORY    AND 

PHILOSOPHY. 

American  Antiquar- )  fS  SS^li-'iiiptile  Appeal. 

ian,  .  J    4  15  Missouri  Republloaa, 

Amer.    Chemical    J  1,    '2  iW|  Nashville  Amerioaa, 
Amer.  Naturalist,  3  70  3  ho  Nashrtlle  Banner, 
Oanad'n  Entomologist,  1  lOi-*^'-  Orleans  Picayooa, 


365 

305 
365 
435 
200 
136 
86 
4  10 
135 
385 
S 
1  10 


Texas  Sirtinga, 
Truo   Flag, 
Waverlv  Magazine. 
Wlirord''s  Mfcrococtm, 
Yankee  Blade, 


3  10 

235 
386 
1  10 
205 


MECHANICAL.  MEBCAN 
•  «I      TILE  Si  FINANCIAL. 

lAmerican  ArU^an.  |  86 
'■'^jAro.rlean  Machinist.  2  56 
2  75  American  Miller, 


LADn:^'  sooniTY 

FASHIONS. 
Amerlean  Biuaar         %  1  lOJ?'.  York  Com.  Adrer., 


American  TanDcr, 
iCarpeotry  t  BuIHlng, 
Carriage  Monthly, 
MlUlQg  World. 


Journal  of  Progrees,  1  60 
Mag-ofAmeT.  Hietory,  4  36 
Microeeope,  1  10 

New  England  Hlalor) 
iealand  Genealogical  >3  05 
Register,  ,  .) 

Phrenological  Journl,  I  86 

Popular  Science  Mo.,  4  35 

Popular  Science  News,  1- 10 

Psyche,  .  .  .  2  35 
Science, 


IS 


Itt 
IM 
1S6 
Its 

156 

1S6 

1  26 


NEWS  AND  POLITICAL. 
Albany  Argue,  1  2f 

Albany  Express. 
Albany  Journal, 
Albany  Prefs,* 
Atlanta  Con^tltatloo. 
Arkansas  Gazette, 


New  York  Graphio, 

New  York  Htrald, 

New  York  Iri^h  World,    135 

New  York  Ju^ttoe, 
New  York  Nation. 
New  York  News, 
New  York  Time«, 
New  Orleans  Times- 
Democrat, 


New  York  Tribuae, 
New  York  Truth, 
New  York  World. 
New  York  Sun. 


136 

IS6 

n 

1  10 

1  « 


125  1^ 


136 
Baltimore  Sun, 
Baltimore  TtJegram, 
Btoomiogton  Leader, 
Boston  Post.  1  20  1  85 

1  20 


Buffalo  Courier, 
Buffalo  Expre&s, 
Burlington  Hawkeye, 
Ciiicogo  Exprc&s. 
Chi..  Weekly  Herald, 
Chicago  Journal, 
Chicago  News, 
Chicago  SeDtioel, 
Chicago  Times, 
Chicago  Tribuue, 
Cincinnati  Times. 
Cleveland  Herald, 
Cleveland  Leader, 
Columbus  Dispatch 
Detroit  Com.  Adwrfr,    1  60 


Omaha  Herald, 
Oil  City  Derriok, 

.  __,  Pantagraph. 

1  26)**^''i»  -*•'*'.  Dematral, 
Pioneer  Pre«a. 
Pittsburgh  ChroBi«le>, 
Telegraph,      .         .  J ' 
Piitsb'gh  Com^  Gaa.,     " 
Philadelphia  Frees, 
Phlladelp'a   Progrefla, 
Philadelphia  Times, 

Portland  Transc'pt,  j 
Providence  Journal, 
Boch't'r  Post  Exprew, 


Detroit  Echo, 
Detroit  Free  PreM, 
OetroU  Post 


86 
125 
125 
125 
1  75 


126 


Flmira  Gazette, 
Florida  DUpateh, 
Galvt«ton  Neva, 
Gau-Cliy,    . 
Globe  Democrat. 
Harrisb  g,Pa.,Tele«'h,   1^ 
Hartford  Conrant, 

i-<  SUU-  Kcglstej, 
IntfT  Ocean. 
Iowa  Capital, 
Iowa  Statr   Keglirter 
Iowa  Tribune, 
Iri^h  American, 


1«0 
t8& 


t  !• 

Sacramento  Bee.  SI  3t  1  K 


San  Fran.  Argonaut, 
San  Fran.  Bulletin, 
San  Francifrco  Call, 
San  Fran.  Chronicle, 
San  Francit.oo  Post, 
Sante  Fe,  New  Mex- 
ico, Be'view.  . 
Sonth  Bend  Tribaae, 
The  Truth,  St.  L«i^ 
Toledo  Blade, 
Toronto  Gl'jbe. 
Toronto  Mail, 
Ctlea  OtMcrver.  yi  i 
Wash.  Nat-  Tribona,  1  SS 
WeeklT  WisooneiD,  I  iB 
WiMoostn  Sute  Jon.    IH 


3» 
SU 

Itt 
Itt 
IflO 

9  86 

Itt 
l« 
1» 

l«6 
110 
170 


SPORTING,   DRAMATIC, 

AND  OOMIO. 
Forest  and  Stream,         3  Si 
Grip,  .160 

Life.  .4* 

Mir.  of  Amer.  Sport*.  1» 
New  York  cupper,  106 
Outing,  .116 

The  Wheel,  .    I  M 


low  TO  MAE  MOM  FAST  &M 

AND  GET  A 

SOLID  GOLD  HUNTING  CASE  WATCH  FEEEI 
Solid  Coin  Silver  Hunting  Case  Watch  Fre« 

Large  Size  Gents'  Alaminnm  Gold  Watch  Free  I 

TO  OUR  ACENTS.     READ  EVERY  V/ORD.     W8Dow.air 
you  Ute  FLuest  and  MostB«aad/ul  Work  i.f  Art, 

THE   LORD'S   PRAV£R, 

tbKt  wan  ^TerofferM  to  the  public.    Erery  CbrUtl&n  Family  will  bnyan^ 
Ovt-r  IO<M>  ^"I'l  byoDo  Aguntln  one  moDtb. 

Tnu  LORD*S  PRAYER  baa  been  made  the  nttject  of  an  eiaborst* 
andcootl;  eu>neengravlae(largeBlxe«KxS8;8maUBlee  ldxS4>.  It  coiulvta 
of  the  Lord'ePrBywr.embeUlBhed  with  over  one  hundred  symbola  and 
emblems, of  tbe  moBtflCdne  and  approprlatecharact^r,  Theoe  sjTubnls  and 
embiemsaredecorated  wUE  theSne^tand  ronetexqulnlte  work  that  it  le  poe- 

"  "  ~  -----  —■  ■  3gl^ 

and 
-  .        .  uty 

yotbinciikp  It  haaever  been  prodaoed,  and  prubabiv  never 
_. i?  cost  jean  ot  toll  and  SSfOpQ  In  monoy  to  complete  tbU 
work  of  art.  We  havespar^d  neltbermoney.Tnboror  time  In  the  oomple- 
t  lon  of  what  weref^ard  aatbe  grandest  pioce  of  workman'? blp  ever  prodnced 
in  thiscoimtry.  Tebare  pnrcbased  tne  six  stones  for  prodncln^  these 
Prayers  and  are  tbe  SOLE  PUBLISHERS.  It  Is  Llthoprapbed  in 
TINTEI)  COLORSand  weoan  raraUb  rroteelant  or  CatboUc  copies  la  any 

daontlty,  toeg^nteordealersln  any  part  of  the  world. 

This  explanation  wHiplveyou  buttti-^mtldeaofthe  transcendent  beauty  and  perfection  of  tbe  design  andexecattoa 
of  thlg  enpravlQg.    It  must  be  seen  to  enable  yon  toreallie  whatltlsln  Us  perfection. 

A  WORD  TO  ACENTS  — Alargennmberof  ^rosteoroat  workseniogltnow,  and  arereportlngeTtracrtyaary 
terse  sales  from  every  qaarter.  Yon  cannot  fall  to  eucceed  In  selUnglt,  asthe  morol  sentiment  of  this  engraving 
in-iMresUs  unccesa.  This  feature  cannot  bo  over  estlmftl-d,  as  It  alone  destines  tbe  ealetc  1 1  tbrongboat  all  Cbrlstendota 
Every  Christian  man  or  woman  will  have  one  If  they  hare  money  to  bay  Itwltb.  One  word  wllb  regard  to  the  n^ce.  Tb» 
first  Edition  or  thlsrngrovlngwHseoldatlB  00  each,  only  a  fair  prico  forencha  work  of  art,  bat  wben  we  boagbtlt,  w« 
put  the  price  rlehtdow-n  to  60 cents,  and  now  sell  tbem  lor  25  cents  each  "hlcb  is  very  cheap. 

B-^ad  the  tetetlmoolalB  from  other  papers:  Tbe  Chicago  ElFRfc^s  pays,  "We  know  Messrs.  E.Nason  A  Co  ,  peraonaoy 
and  to  be  reliable.  The  Lord's  Prayer  is  toI  I  worth  the  nioneT,  and  wUJ  please  e-^t-ryone  who  orders  It,  and  the  Watcbe* 
arejurt  a*  represented."  Ntw  TORKOnRiSTiAS  AT  Wobk,  March  2,  says,  "Shonldbeln  every  borne,  and  aa  a  work  of  art 
commenasltaelftoall."  New  yoBKOeeKRVKB,  Bays.  "Isthe  be<t  Isened:  all  shoold  have  it.  and  at  pr.co  offered  all  can 
afford  It,  and  asa  work  of  art  tannexcelled  "  New  York  Exakitskb  says,  "Is  a  beantlful  work  of  art  In  tinted  rotors* 
andverylowprl«ed.'»  The  WrnfEeasavB,  "A  New  York  publlphlng  bonee  has  Jnstoffered  tothe  public  an  engravlnr 
of  the  Lord's  Praver.  Itlsoneof  tbe  most  beautlfolpen  pictures  ever  pubUehed,  and  thnee  who  orderlt  cannotraU 
-  " '•"- ^ *-■*       Fine  work  of  art,  and  sold  at  a 


ilble  for  an  artist  to  do  The  artist  Herman  Ctauaserii  wboee  name  la 
known  tbrongbonttbe  world,  has  fatinfDIly  and  wUb  nigh  traaplnatl^in  and 
fk 111, engraved  tbolma^'lniiryM'eDeBOlbeaTen  In  Ite  respieodetit  beauty 
and  SlorVa  Nothing iikp  It  haaever  been  produced,  and  prubabiv  never 
wkll^^   it    ba.xci'fit  years  of  toll  and  SSaOOO  1t>  monoy  to  complete  thU 


to  be  pleased  with  their  purchase. "     Coristian  Union  says,    "  Every  rea^**!  wonts  It 

low  Price."     WebRvemanymnreBCx:h,buthBvenotroomfortbom.  .^„       ,      ,.  ._    ,  .x., 

WearegolngtOBellamlUlOQCopiesof  tbls  Prayer,  andwemakethls  SoeClal  Offer  »«  the  readers  of  this  paper. 

wUlB6Ddaoopypo^paid.tocanva8Bwlth,ror25  Cents.  *nd  If  you  pet  np  a  club  of  |  Q  sn^Bcnbors  and  send  «• 


jiva8BwUb,for25  Cent9>  ^ 
t  of  I  Ocop\as:thatrB  wowlll 
,— Sends  l3,OOa"dwo  will 


send  20*^<*Pl®8,  postpaid,  for  S2«50. 


The  Acmk  Pplvebiziko  Harrow  of  Nash  &  Bro 
Mllllngton,  N.  J.,  whoHe  advertisement  we  insert  thla 
number,  l3  one  of  the  bt-st  harrows;  and  will  pulverize  a 
!H>1I  that  in  hard  or  lumpy;  in  a  rapid  and  thorough  man- 
ner. It  da^a  not  t;log  with  cra-ss,  and  leaves  the  ground 
lev**l  after  It,  in  a  line  (Ximlitlon  for  the  drill,  we  can 
hilly  rei'ommend  it  to  our  readers 

Hie  BurcU  AVuJ  i'orker  Is  the  leading  agricultural  paper 
Sn  experimental  larming,  leritUig  need  and  fruits,  ana  Ifl 
alwaj-H  reliable,  lis  illusiratiuua  ure  numerous;  dve 
bun<u-e<d  per  aimum.aud  Ha  fdiiorlal  plan  b  origtoal, 
aade.xteudsoverall  hranchesof  agricultuml  knowledge, 
and  camiot  fell  to  he  appreciated  by  all  ita  readers.  We 
send  it  with  the  Rurai  fre*' seed  diatributlon  with  the 
Farm  and  Oardkn.  Both  papers  one  year  for  $Z.3&. 
Poeta^e  free. 

POPULAR  History  ok  tkk  Civil  War,  llluetrated. 
A  well-written  and  accurate  history  of  the  civil  war  It 
is  a  work  that  gives  in  a  condenstrf  form  all  the  import- 
ant hattlen  fought  during  the  war,  and  numerous  cuts  of 
the  generals  and  battle  fields.  It  will  well  renav  peru- 
aaL    Price  ILOO.    Franklin  News  Co.,  Philadelphia;  Pa. 

Thb  PH.umcAL  Poi^LTRY  BooK  for  farmer  and  fan- 
cier. Finely  illustrated  :  has  cuts  and  descriptions  of  all 
prominenl  breeds  of  poultry,  ducJis.  geese,  Ac,  with  a 
fine  colore<l  plate.  A  handy  and  u.'seful  little  volume, 
Phjlartelphja  Poultry  Farm,  237  eoutb  Eighth  Street. 
Pmladelphia. 

...V""?,  ***■  ALEX.  H.  STKVEN8.  by  Frank   H.  Norton. 

Air.  Norton  tells  the  romantic  storv  of  the  great  South- 
erners  life.    It  Is  an  Interesting  Pt<ir%- and  Mr.  Nortoa 
t«lU  It  well.*:- i)a«y  Times,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.    Elozevin 
edition  sent  from  this  office  on  receipt  of  Z'i  cenU. 
•    "Thin  edition  of  the  Farm  and  Garden  han  co«it  over  S7000.    Therefore  please  accept  one  of  the  offer".    Send  the  orer  to  us,  and  hoadlM* 

■        copr  to  some  •aitable  person.    Another  e^PT  of  ihU  naraber  will  be  mailed  yon  on  receipt  of  your  snbHcripllond,  if  yon  ask  for  It. 


We 

$2-50  wo  wtUnia'lcey'iu  a  present  c     . 

andraakev)'napre®Stfreeofl!'lar''eBlM3HanYlngCM  Toi 

-         ell  the  Watch  forV     -^     "  "^  — P...  — .. -^-*c   ««.„,., k.  ^-^  .«.» 


wUlBend  yoQ  I  OO  copies  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  by  expraMi 

_ Uamlnura  Gold  Warch,  nudi       •-  -  •  —  « 

««.. .„.  ..ha'cThePraTers'cogt.andt-efatleastftaS.OOrorthe  l-r^vors.        _      ^,    _  ....    .^  . 

New   Special  Offer.— 8endns$i  s.OOand  we  wUTseudyoa  |Qacopi«»ofthe  Lord's  Prayer.andmaka  yoQ* 
present  free  of  a  Gent'8  Solid  Silver  Bunt  Inpr  Cased  Watch,  and  send  U  with  the 


^  ,,„i„  ,.  ... , >i"^  Prayei-8. 

_  nd  Offer  — ^DduaS^S  OO'i  r.'^lt^njreilletteror  ro9lOfflceorderandwewiMf"endyoaby.xpress20Q 
LorfiTPrajers  and  tLH  .'.londld  Solid  Cold  Watch  free  Oeecut).  Wo  warriUtlhecKsesol  the  W»Kli  SoltU  Gola. 
Aseiit«,ilonott»lltoBeiidforSamole  Copy  of  tbeenEravIngtocaiiVMB  with.  You  can  «»,ly>ell  IKO  eorpiis  InaliC 
weeks  In  any  ooanty  In  tbe  United  States,  oa  which  yoo  can  make  $250  Clearmoney.  We  pnar«nte«  eatljtactloa 
or  refund  tbe  moner.  In  remrd  to  onr  responjlbUlty,  we  refer  yoo  to  the  publisher  of  thlo  paper  or  any  paper  In  tbo  Unltsil 
States,  tbe  Nassau  Bank.  New  York;  Beury  Llndenmejer,  Npw  York,  who  funi;.>ie!.  the  best  Plate  Paper  for  these 
Prayers,  or  anVmercannle  hnnso  In  N«»  York.  Do  n,.t  wait  to  Bond  for  caialoCTo  but  ord  r  from  thl,  paper  and  (to  t» 
workatonce.  Mention  the  size  of  Prayer,  larpe  or  small.  OO  pa  e  Iimstrnted  Catalopnia  ofNoveUleB  with  oyory  ord-r. 
E.  NA80N&C0.    I  20  Fulton  Street    NewYOrk.  Pnbllshersoftbl.rrajer.  Mention  this  paper  in  ordering 

Everii  one  of  our  readers  should  send  and  get  a  sample  ofthia 
Lord's  Prautr,  to  hang  in  their  homes,  or  send  and  get  one  or  two 
hundred  and  receive  one  of  these  Elegant  Watches  aa  a  Free  Premium, 
The  Prayers  and  Watches  are  Just  as  represented.    Name  this  Paper. 


*  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


FEBRUARY,    1885. 


No.  VI. 


INSTRUCTIONS    TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 


^ubscrlptrtons  may  begin  with  au;  uuitiliur,  t>ut  we  prefer  to  date 

them  IriiDi  .fiiuuary  of  eacb  jear.     Price  lilty  ceuta  a  year,  in  advance. 

Renewals  can    be   sent   uow.   uo   matter  when    the  subscription 

expires,  and  tlie  lime  will  be  added  to  that  to  wliicli  Uie  subscription 

is  already  entitled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription.  If  not  renewed 
it  is  immediately  discontinued.  No  notice  is  required  to  stop  the 
paper,  and  no  bill  will  be  sent  for  extra  numbers. 

Remittances  may  be  made  at  our  rislt  by  Post  Office  Order, 
Postal  Note.  Registered  Letter.  Stamp.^  and  Canadian  Money  are 
talien  hut  if  sent  in  ordinary  letters  are  at  your  riBt.  We  do  not 
advise  vou  to  send  money  or  stamps  without  registering.  See  instruc- 
tions on  page  1'^- 

Kcceipts. — We  send  a  receipt  for  all  moncv  sent  us.  If  .vou  do 
not  hear  from  us  in  a  reasonable  time,  t*'rite  again. 

Addreanee. — No  matter  how  often  you  have  written  to  us.  please 
always  give  your  full  name,  post  office'and  State.  We  have  no  wav 
to  find  your  name  except  from  the  address. 

NameH  cannot  he  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and  in  full.  If  a 
lady,  alwavs  write  it  the  same — not  Mrs.  Samautha  Allen  one  time 
and  Mrs,  Jogiah  Allen  next.  If  To-,i  do  not  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before 
your  signature,  do  not  he  offendecl  if  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Errors.^We  make  them  ;  so  does  every  one,  and  we  will  cheerfully 
correct  them  if  vou  write  us.  Try  tn  write  us  good  naturedly,  hut  if 
you  cannot,  then  write  to  us  any  way.  Do  not  complain  to  any 
one?  else  or  let  it  pass.  We  want  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
anv  injustice  we  may  do. 

AI>VEKTI.**IXG    K.VTES From     laftue    ol    Januar.r. 

1 SH5,  to  Ikcocinbcr.  1  H85,  Inclualve^  60  cciit»  pep  Agate 
line  each  ln»>ertlon. 

CHILD  BROS.    A-  CO.,  Publlahera, 
No.  725  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


The  restless  sense  of  wasted  power, 
The  tinsDine  rnunrt  <.l  little  things 

Are  h.tnl  to  liear,  as  hour  b.v  hour 
Its  tedious  iteration  hrinj^s; 

Who  shall  evade  or  who  delay 
The  small  demands  of  every  day? 

.\I,LEN. 


HOLSTEIN  BULL.— "  NETHERLANn  r*RiscE." 


HOW  TO   KEEP  BOYS  ON   THE   FARM. 

Bii  a  OiiUfittrri  PnrTner. 


the  early  being  of  a  child  an  irresistible  desire 
for  a  particular  kind  of  life,  we  are  powerle-ss  to 
prevent  those  desires  from  growing  in  the  mind 
of  the  child,  whether  the  parent  be  king  or 
peasant.  The  soul  will  not  be  bound  by  fetters. 
The  longings  of  a  heart  will  be  appeased  only 
by  fulfillment  of  its  desires.  The  child  that  early 
in  life  shows  its  lonsrings  for  the  saw  and  plant?. 


A  poet  is  said  to  be  born,  not  made,  and  the 
same  can  be  said  of  the  farmer,  wliose  life  should 

combine  all  the  talents  of  the  poet  and  phi  lose- |  anddislikeforthe  Held,  alovetobuild  and  repair; 
pher.  A  life  that  In  Its  pursuit  gives  daily  I  to  make  that  boy  a  farmer  is  to  spoil  a  good  car- 
expression  to  the  beauteous  changes  that  nature  |  penter  to  make  a  poor  farmer.  Any  change  that 
unfolds  to  him.    The  change  of  .sombre  winter  to    does  violence  to  implanted  nature,  will  always 

recoil    back  upon  the  perpetrator. 


lifetime  can  eradicate.  Make  the  flower-garden 
beautiful,  your  garden  a  treasure,  and  your  farm 
a  paradise.  Your  children  will  rise  up  and  call 
you  blessed,  and  will  cluster,  like  a  vine  to  an 
arbor,  to  the  dear  old  home,  and  when  age  and 
infirmity  are  yours,  you  will  be  surrounded  by 
your  children.  Proud  monuments  of  your  call- 
ing, who,  like  you,  will  rejoice  to  till  mother 
earth  until  called  by  a  higher  power  to  rest  In 
His  bosom. 


OUR   ILLUSTRATION. 

We  give  a  cut  of  a  premium   Holstein  buH, 

gala  spring,  the  darkest  night  to  the  brightest  recoil    back  upon  the  perpetrator.    We  cannot    "  ^c'licrland  Prince,"  716.  bred  by  Smiths  A  P'-v- 

day,  are  no  less  striking  than  the  changes  that  reverse  nature.                                                                    p".  "f  Syracuse,  N.  Y.    This  animal  at  four  years 

occur  in  growth  offlowers  and  fruits,  wrought  by  While  it  is  useless  to  fasten  the  boys  to  the  farm    "^'."gP-  ""fc'hed  20,5(1  pounds,  and  took  the  first 

nature  with  the  farmer's  care  and  toil.    No  occu-  and  blast  the  pro.spects  of  a  more  successful  pur-    ^"'f         \        J"''''                           fair  in  1881,  and 

pation  calls  for  a  wider  information  or  a  class  of  suit,  elsewhere;  vet,  while  a  few  may  come  under    ^"        '"             W  as  at  the  nead  of  the  herd  tbnt 

more  intelligent  men  th.an  that  of  the  farm.    In  this  rule,  most  will,  if  encouraged"  take  to  the    """  *,    ^       medal  in  188:5,  and  won  first  prize  lu 

the  wide  field  of  the  farm,  science,  literature,  and  calling  of  their  father's  and  the  old  home-farm             ,,    ^as  also  at  head  of  the  herd  that  won  the 

art  have  a  place,  and  all  the  branches  of  science  To  keep  bovs  at  home,  make  home-life  pleas-    ^"'"  ""^'''*'  "'^°-    ^'"^^  '■'■'"'=""ly  '**  »  continued 

in  turn  are  required  to  furnish  the  needed  infor-  ant,  and  adorn  the  home  with  every  comfort  that    ™"'fff  "'   honors    ol  which   Messrs.  Smiths  & 

mation  to  pursue  the  intelligent   c-iUing   of   a  can  be  found  elsewhere,  and  leave  little  to  be  [,.'"'''''' ^,'!^"/  ''',  P''"'!'''    The  Holsteins  are 

farmer.    The  time  has  gone  by;  the  date    has  gained  by  a  change.    While  the  bov  is  voung     !*, 'T°i!M"^^  breed,  and  are  especially  valua- 

passed,  when  the  thought  that  the  lout  can  be  a  show  him  a  life  that  is  to  be  envied,  surrouiitled  I   '^''1°''  V"       ?   '''"^''  and  butter,  are  large  m  size, 

farmer,  and  that  the  intelligent  must  seek  other  by  peace  and  plenty.    Make  the  home  evenings  '  "'"'  ^''^'\  "'hen  wanted  lor  it,  large  weights  of 

occupations  for  fheirpowers  and  talents;  leaving  pleasant,  the  home-life  a  blessin"  and  the  .labor    excellent  beef.    The  demand  for  Holsteins  is  in- 

behind  them  the  broad  field  of  agriculture.    The  in  the  field  will  be  a  pleasure,  when  the  thought    7^'*^'°g'  ""f  ^""^  gaming  many  (riends  among 

truemeritofthefarmer'slifeisbeingrecognized;  gains  a  foothold,  that  the  ttjils  of  the  day  are  to    "^f^^rs  and   dair.vnien.    The  milk  of  the  Hol- 

his  true  position  is  now  taken  in  the  front  ranks  be  smoothed  and  solaced  by  a  pleasant  evening  at    ■'"'"'  m=ikf  a  rich    fine-colored   butter,  and  is 

of  society,  and  at  the  head  of  the  most  noble  of  home,  whose  shade  each  "year  will  grow  more    ''"•''  ^•^1"'^';  «^  ^  eheese-maklng.    The  yield  of 

all  callings,  and  not  at  the  foot  as  he  was  placed  a  sacred,  and  whose  influence  more  lasting.    We    '"  ,  ,  "?'"  "«  best  cows  has  reached  the  large 

few  centuries  ago.    The  widespread  intelligence,  cannot  keep  our  boys  on  the  farm  where  wrang-    ^'-'l          T"     .Iv.""""",",  '^f]l\°''  f  '^"^'''1  ",'' 

the  innate  nobleness  of  the  calling,  the  depth  and  ling  is  supreme,  where  every  hope  with  its  long-    '"'""  ^^  '^'''''\  ^^^  ^'""^'l  °'  ^""7  ,'?'^  reached 

breadth  of  his  investigations  give  him  a  foremost  ihgs  Is  crushed  with  cruel  strife  and  bitter  sur-    ?        ,       ^""^       ^"^  ^''^K  )       ..*'''''.'*  ""■'" 

place  in  the  scientiflc  world  and  render  his  life  roundin^s                                                                             largely  pay  farmers  to  club  together  and  get  a 

a  pleasure,  not  a  burden.    Yet,  the  question   is  The  farm  occupied  by  the  writer  has  been  in    ''"",  °' *H!'  ^"'''''^  '"  "°?  on  common  stock  of 

asked  so  often,  "  how  shall  wo  keep  our  boys  on  but  two  families,  in  each  case  descending  from    ^t           ^^^  'mprovement  will  be  so  great  that 

the  farm?"  that  we  may  fear  from  its  frequency,  father,  son,  and  grandson,  covering  a  period  of    ^^^  money 'ipent  will  be  one  of  the  best-paying 

that  the  farmer  was  in  danger  of  losing  his  sons,  150  years.    All  farms  should  grow  old  as  the  lam-    l","'*'^*?'''"'^,  t^^at  farmers  can  find  for  their  capi- 

and  the  old  homestead  must  pass  into  a  stranger's  Hies  who  own  them  should  grow  old  in  their    !'"'    They  should  embrace  every  opportunity  to 

hands  or  fall  into  decay  and  ruin,  of  which  evils,  cultivation.    How  shall  we  do  this  ?                             b"st™'"'                                                      ^          "^  ""*''' 

*' wm.'^itL''*  ;.'■'* .f,!'fM,^.^*^cf.','l".f''■           ..  ^^*'^''  ""■■  ^^"^e^  more  attractive,  our  farming     "rhe  farmer  can  hardlv  realize  how  the  intro- 

ft)m    hTJ.:;,.^^  hir  b     lac,   ?n  Z^'r;^?^  """'■  P™"'^!^'^'  o"''  tables  at  home  tilled  With    duction  of  a  single  blooded  animal  will  impro^ 

fai  m  that  ga%  e  a  birth-p  ace  to  the  grandfather,  „ood  reading  matter  on  farm  and  household  sub-    the  value  of  the  stock  of  cattle  in  a  few  years  if 

f.'i^o'lli^T"  ^\  ;"■'"■?,  °'  "f^t"/'^«   grandson,  jects,  and  keep  .all  cheap,  trashy  story  papers,    properly  bred  upon  common  stock.    T^ie  editor 

whose  zea  in  his  calling  shtmld  be  increased  by  that  sow  more  seeds  of  folly  and  discord  than  a    of  the  Farm  and    Gakde.n    knows   of  a   case 

family  possession,  not  M^THIS  PAPER  THREE  YEARSFREEn¥S^^ii^I^.l^h:Xm:rTZl2:^ 

the    annua,  change  of  ^X:^^^!^^^^^^^"^;;'-^?^^  ^ty^^y  b    ^ 

occupants.      It   le   useless     S.^i^'^'l^r.^i.-Ll-ii'-lill"''^,":':"^!:      ""'  "i.""*"-^'  subscribers,     in  thl^  wiiy  it  aldstohave  the  luree^t  farm  pomr.  ,       ,  ^. 

^■■■^  *»#fcfci»kB^i««.«.  .■■■■.M..  iia^  ■■■■A^  HUBMaa     T K.., .;_.:-„..  _ "r,.,     .       »•  i^      cominon  stock  ol  cattle, 

topjen^cl^osed;"  If  ^triosTt'his'w"  send  nnolher'on 'iiniriiv'fttrnTT  ^K,"7ufru~t''«rr,'.:.V"Z:\'.',^    "'^^  ^'ife  marks  that  WCTC 


to  fetter  nature  or  coerce 
her  against  her  will,  and 


tr««»  nt'w  iriena*  wii.i  will  i„  irjtiini'  nit.ntii-  -I  u.t  us  mort  subscribers.    In  thit*  i 

THE  (CONDITIONS  WHICH  WE  MUST  EXACT: 

lutist  he  niled  in  u[.„[l  Maiik  with  blut-k  top  eneloMed.    If  you  lost-  this  vf-  st-n<l 


telv  no<.e..„i-i     THEIIRFRAI    flPFFR  ■      ^,? '^*T1?  """'""""""•.•'''"' '"^  "'"'>'"""''>'*•"•■<""'''•  "'cn  introduced  plainly 

when  nature  plants  into    ffi^.^S     r^P-      •  .fit  LlBKnHL  UrrCIl  •  m  will.end  free  b«  uppeuilumto  tb.j»uli„-ritar  »li,.g.nii|,ilnclub      ,  ^      ^  l-.u-uij 

vYiicii  i.atuici.icitit,^  lutu    UieF4K«ii,i>liiiu)ii.v  lurffyeBrBfroc.  Ws  wiu  add  this  time  to  subscriplluna  uot  vet  fxi.in-d,  unci  tutc-r  it  anew  tor  tliSse  wllitt  have     shOW    to-day. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


LONG  and' ROTTEN    MANURE. 

By  Tftos.  U.  Baird.  GreenviUf ,  h'y. 

This  is  tliG  season  of  the  year  when  the  farmer 
and  gardener  should  be  laying  out  their  plans 
and  accumulating  and  preparing  their  manures 
f(.r  next  yours  crop:  and  in  preparing  their  man- 
ure they  should  study  the  nature  and  wants  of 
each  crop.  From  my  experience  iH  farming  and 
gardening  I  find  some  crops  are  coarse  feeders, 
and  thrive  on  fresh  manure,  and  some  require 
the  manure  to  be  well  rotted  and  reduced  to  its 
mineral  elements  in  a  great  part. 

Most  garden  crops  require  well-rotted  manure. 
Peas,  potatoes,  beets,  and  most  especially  beans 
require  it.  This  crop  does  best  with  manure  from 
around  old  buildings,  manure  that  is  rich  in 
nitre.  P'or  all  these  crops  the  gardener  should 
have  his  manure  thoroughly  decomposed,  turn- 
ing it  often  to  tine  it. 

Corn,  oats,  and  cabbage  thrive  best  with  long 
or  fresh  manure.  The  best  crop  of  cabbage  lever 
raised,  the  ground  was  l>roken  about  the  middle 
of  the  evening,  and  the  manure  hauled  from  the 
stables  and  spread  on  the  ground,  then  plowed 
until  the  manure  was  well  mixed  with  the  soil, 
the  ground  marked  nti'  three  feet  between  the 
rows,  and  hills  made  one  and  one-lialf  feel  apart 
in  the  rows.  Hy  the  time  this  was  done,  it  was 
nearly  sun-down;  and  the  cabbage  plants  drawn 
and  set.  The  soil  being  freshly  worked  (not  above 
Its  natural  moisturei,  the  plants  grew  oil' better 
than  if  the  soil  had  been  wet  by  rains.  From 
this  experience  I  have  always  used  long  manures, 
when  convenient,  for  my  cabbage.  I  have  raised 
good  crops  witii  rotted  manure  and  <'onimereiaI  | 
manures;  but  have  tlie  best  success  with  long) 
manure.  It  takes  most  all  the  season  for  cabbage  \ 
to  grow  and  mature,  and  when  long  manure  is 
used,  it  seems,  wliile  decomposing,  to  furnish  the 
required  food,  and  keep  up  the  supply  during  the 
entire  growing  season.  ! 

The  most  ellective  application  of  manure  that 
I  ever  tried  on  the  corn  crop,  was  taken  fresh 
from  the  stables.  From  my  experience  with  i 
manures,  I  would  advise  all  to  use  well-rotted 
manures  on  wheat,  peas,  potatoes,  beans,  and 
beets,  and  corn  does  very  well;  but  I  would 
use  it  on  cabbage  only  when  I  could  not  obtain  I 
fresh  manure. ' 

In  Moine  town«liip»  we  have  over  lOOHub- 
scriberH.  Al  Hoiiir  po-*!  olHceM  we  liavr  niilj  4mh'. 
We  want  ever)  ntie  wv  liave  niiiliinlicd  bj  1'2. 
and  hope  you  will  <l«  >oiir  pari.  A  club  ol"  l*i 
siibwrriber^  al  «ur  low  rule  of 'J.'i  rritl>*  njenr, 
will  enlille  Ibe  sentler  to  3  >eni'N*  NuliNcriplion 
free. . 

HOW  TO    MAKE  A^EAP  CISTERN.  j 

There  are  many  ways  to  make  a  cistern  that  re-  1 
quire  a  larger  expense  than  the  farmer  can  allord,  i 
and  for  all  uselul  purposes  are  no  better  than  | 
the  <'heaper  ones  we  here  recommend.  All  the  i 
various  itlters  recommended  are  costly  and  soon  i 

f;et  out  of  repair;  and  we  find  that  when  a  cistern  ■ 
B  cleaned  by  a  thorough  washing  out  with  clean 
water  onee  a  year,  in  the  early  spring  the  water  | 
will  usually  be  pure  and  sweet  the  entire  sum- 1 
mer.    Water  will   purify  itself  in   a  cistern,  for 
the  foul  sediment  will  fall  to  tlie  bottom,  and  if  | 
the  water  is  taken  from  the  top,  or  at  least  not 
fi-om  the  very  bottom,  the  water  will  be  sweet,  j 
while  the  bottom  may  be  dirty.    The  reader  will  | 
eee  at  once  that   a   pump,    if  used,  should   not  \ 
reach  (he  bottom  of  a  cistern  Ity  two  feel  at  least,  ; 
and  il  the  cistern  is  properly  m;uie,  only  a  litth' 
ol  the  water  will  be  below  the  pumji.     We  give 
the  proper  form  of  a  elst<*rn  f<»r  both  brick  or 
stone  walls,  or  a  simpler  one  where  tln"  dirt  sides 
of  the  cistern  are  coated  with  cement. 

Where  the  gnuind  is  solid  clay  lU*  gravel,  the 
best  form  f»f  a  cistern,  and  much  the  cheapest,  is 
made  by  digging  for  il  a  small  jtcrpeiidicular 
opening",  about  the  size  of  an  ordinary  well,  or 
less,  if  tlie  cistern  is  small.  When  at  the  depth 
of   two    feet    begin    to    enlarge,    and    when   the 

S roper  size  is  reached,  continue  until  tberequind 
eptii  is  r>hiaini  li.  in  the  form  shown  in  the  cut. 
The  dirt,  if  solid,  will  not  cave.  The  part  helow 
the  lines  sliadcd  at  the  bottom,  is  made  to  catcli 
the  mud  and  dirt  bek>w  the  ^ump.  Take  clean 
sand  and  make  a  strong  mortar  of  lime  and  sand, 
say,  one  bushel  of  lime  to  live  of  clean  sand,  and 
add  to  each  bushel  of  mortar  sutftcient  cement, 
well  mixed,  to  make  the  mortar  set  quickly,  or. 
as  some  prefer,  use  no  lime  in  the  mortarj  but 
one  part  cement  to  four  or  tive  of  sand,  which  is 
better,  but  more  costly.  Plaster  the  sides  on 
the  dirt,  beginning  at  the  bottom,  and  coat  the 
sides  ol  the  cistern  with  a  full  inch  ot  mortar  as 
high  as  the  brick  work,  and  a.s  soon  as  the  mor- 
tar is  set,  make  a  mortar  of  at  leaVt  equal  parts 
of  sand  and  cement,. or  pure  cement  if  a  great 
hardness  of  wall  is  required,  and  finish  witli  a 
thin  coiit  of  the  cemeni.  Then  dig  a  shoulder 
for  the  brick  arch  to  rest  on,  and  arch  over  the 
cistern  with  brick,  as  shown  in  the  cut,  and 
plaster  tlie  brick  work  with  eehient  to  keep 
the  frost  from  scabbing  the  brick  work.  Sniafl 
lugs  of  stone  and  cement  are  set  at  the  bottom  of 
the  cistern,  sis  shown  by  the  shaded  lines,  to  rest 
a  plank  on  which  to  set  the  pump.  M'here  the 
soil  is  sandy  or  loose,  stone  or  brick  must  Ite 
used.  The  stitne  and  brick  can  be  laid  in  good 
lime  mortars,  and  the  plastering  done  in  cement. 
The  cost  for  lime,  stone,  and  cement  vary  so 
much  in  different  sections,  that  we  cannot  give 
the  enst  to  make;  but  the  expense  is  small, 
compared  with  the  value  of  pure  cistern  water. 


Ninety  out  of  evet'j/  hundred 
who  engage  iri  mercantile 
pumuiVi  fail.  Stick  to  thefaTnn 
neighbor^  and  it  leill  pay  you 
too.  You  may  work  a  little 
harder,  but  you  are  sure  of  a 
good  home.  Boys  sti/:k  to  the 
old  farm  and  makr  it  pay. 


i4«k^d>^&^ 


GOLDEN     OPPORTUNITIES 
IN   THE   SOUTH. 


BRICK  OR  SToNK-LINKD  »  ISTKilX. 


Confimtfd.    By  JosepK 
CHICKENS  AND  EGGS. 

They  are  wise,  and  know 
the  things  that  are  good, 
these  people  of  the  Sunny 
South,  both  old  and  young, 
black  and  white.  Tender 
chickens,  eggs,  and  fish  are 
no  rarefy  on  their  tables. 
And  why  should  it  be  other- 
wise? There  are  no  great 
difticultics  in  the  way  of 
production.  Poultry  can  go 
tothebaregnaind  not  many 
less  than  ;i(v>  days  in  the 
year.  They  can  pick  up  half  of  their  living,  if  not 
more.  They  need  little  protection  from  cold 
winds  and  snow.  Land  is  cheap,  so  is  grain,  and 
gra.sshoppers,  bugs,  and  worms  are^ilenty.  No 
wonder  the  production  of  poultry  is  compara- 
tively large,  yet  it  is  not  as  niuch  in  excess  of 
the  home  coitsumption  as  those  favorable  condi- 
tions would  lead  us  to  expect. 

The  weighty  aristocrat  of  the  poultry-yard— 
the  proud  turkey— receives  more  attcntitm,  per- 
haps, than  any  of  its  smaller  occupants.  Here, 
intheiiomeof  its  ancestors,  where  his  wild  cousin 
is  yet  hunting  through  the  woods  and  over  the 
mountains  in  search  of  bugs  and  nuts,  we  fre- 
quently meet  the  eultivatid  specimen  on  their 
l»)raging  expeditions  over  meadows  and  pa.stxires, 
sometimes  in  flocks  of  a  hundred  heads  or  more. 
When  Thanksgiving  or  Christmas  ecmics  they 
bring  a  nice  little  sum  Into  the  farmer's  wife's 
pocket  forspending  money. 

The  ehicken  and  I'gg  business,  however,  in  the 
estimation  of  the  larLie  farmer,  is  too  small  an 
industry  to  claim  his  attention.  **  We  raise  wliat 
eggs  and  chickens  wc  want  t<»  eat,  but  have  none 
to  sell,"  says  a  prominent  farmer;  yet  he  e<mi- 
plains  of  "hard  times,"  Utile  thinking  that  a 
reasonably  large  number  of  laying  hens  on  his 
■j(K)  acre  farm  would  increase  his  annual  revenue 
by  a  hundred  or  two  hundred  dollars  from  the 
sale  ol  eggs  alone.  The  production  of  spring 
chickens  for  market  lays  mostly  in  the  hands  of 
the  snnill  farmer,  and  particularly  in  that  of  the 
poor  darkey,  and  if  they  have  a  dozen  or  so  to 
sell  orexchange  for  goods  in  the  store  they  think 
thcv  are  doing  well. 

Now  let  us  bear  in  mind  that  In  the  Southern 
half  of  the  Union  it  is  just  or  nearly  as  ea.sy  to 
raise  chickens  during  Itecembei  or  January  as  in 
the  Northern  half  during  March  or  .Ypril.  Why 
is  it,  then,  that  the  most  successful  chicken  and 
egg  farmers  live  in  the  Northern,  not  the  South- 
ern, states? 

Small  fortunes  can  be  nmdc  by  skilful  mana- 
gers of  jHJultry,  with  either  chickens  or  eggs, 
much  easier  in  the  more  favored  location  than 
where  great  dilliculties  have  to  be  overcxnne. 
Why  not  stlect  the  warnicr  climate,  cheap  lands, 
and  cheap^grain? 

Are  tlure  no  drawbacks?  Ves,  many,  I  admit. 
Cholera  is  one,  but  you  have  to  tight,  or  rather 
try  to  prevent,  it  anywhere.  "Varmint,"  of  all 
sorts,  skunks,  coons,  possums,  rats,  weasels, 
cliicken-hawks,  and  other  birds  of  prey  are  ready 
to  claim  their  share  of  the  profits,  but  hardly 
more  than  anywhere  else  I  believe.  Shelter  has 
to  be  provided  against  long  continuous  rains. 
Comnnin  care  will  overcome  all  those  dilticulties. 
But  there  is  onedrawback  peculiar  to  the  South, 
and  a  serious  one.  It  is  a  kind  of  black  "var- 
mint" species,  Niger  AfricanuJt,  of  the  genus 
Ilnmo.  This  black  biped  is  exceedingly  fond  of 
chickens,  whether  old  or  young,  and  his  depre- 
dations are  mostly  to  be  feared  in  or  near  villa- 
ges and  cities.  less*>ut  in  the  country.  The  black 
thief  ctunbines  the  faculty  to  see  in  the  night 
like  an  owl,  with  the  cunning  and  slyness  of  the 
fox,  the  boldness  of  the  kite,  and  the  destrueiive- 
ness  of  the  weasel.  I  will  not  compare  him  with 
Ilu:  skunk  at  all.  Did  we  not  leave  the  hen-house 
csirefullv  and  securely  locked  every  time  wc  had 
to  IcsLve  home?  Yet  once,  on  returning,  happen- 
ing to  look  in  the  direction  of  the  small  door  for 


CEMENT-LINED  CISTERN. 


the  egress  and  ingress  of  the  fowls,  we  thought 
we  could  see  a  black  face,  which  quickly  disap- 
peared. We  caught  the  little  chunk  of  ebony 
inside,  tluaigh  we  had  to  pull  half  of  him  back 
through  the  small  opening,  which  had  admitted 
him.  and  where  he  tried  to  escape,  while  we 
unliK'ked  the  door.  He  lost  the  eggs  which  he 
had  taken  pains  to  gather  fttr  us,  but  he  got  a 
sound  tlirashing  instead,  the  little  rascal. 

Yet  I  will  not  make  the  poor  darkey  responsi- 
ble for  all  these  depredations.  Often  the  "poor 
white  trash  "  on  the  outskirtsof  towns  are  worse 
than  the  negroes.  The  poultry  raiser  must  stay 
away  from  villages,  etc.,  or  "use  the  shot  gun 
freely,  or  other  means.  Uut  the  South  is  the 
place  to  grow  early  spring  chickens  and  eggs  in 
abundance. 


We  want  300,000  subsci^ibera  and  shnfl  get  them. 
We  shall  make  tnir  paj>er  worth  ten  times  the  price 
we  ajtk/or  it,  and  nnr  friends  will  send  us  thc^Of^S^OO, 
Roll  in  the  itaiiie.t .' 


THE  STEAM    ENGINE   FOR  THE   FARM 
By  E.  C.  Vick  Jtochester,  .V.  Y. 

Many  have  asked  me,  lately,  my  opinion  of  a 
small  engine,  for  farm  use,  wliich  has  been  ex- 
terMvelyadvcrlised  in  the  last  few  months. 

Beinga  gr<'at  advocate  of  the  steam  engine  for 
the  farm  :  to  lest  it  and  give  a  correct,  sound 
statement  concerning  these  engines,  I  purchased 
one.  and  now  I  wish  to  give  your  readers  the  re- 
sult of  my  ohservation,  and  to  make  a  few  re- 
marks on  "The  Steam  Engine  for  the  Farm." 

The  last  in(|!iiry  I  received,  was  from  the  presi- 
dent of  a  farmiTs  elub  in  Michigan,  who  wished 
to  know  if  these  engim-s.  called  the  Shipman 
Steam  Engine,  using  Ki-rosene  oil  as  fuel,  could 
be  managed  by  "hired  help,"  and  stated  that  his 
//»c'y/vY(/-a?  objection  to  them,  was  that  the  lamp- 
black would  accumulate  si)  fast  on  the  flues  as  to 
greatly  impair  the  heating  power  of  the  oil. 
Thetiretifftl/y,  perha!)s.  Ilu-rc  may  be  something 
in  Ibis,  but  praetirtilly,  il  amounts  to  nothing. 
The  tire  is  formed  by  the  pi'essure  of  air  or  steam 
flowing  through  an'  atomi/.cr  which  throws  the 
Keroseni*  in  a  v<-ry  fine  spray  into  the  fire-box. 
The  combustion  of  the  fuel  issoperfe<-t  that  there 
is  little  or  n<i  smoke,  and,  conseiiU)*ntly,  it  is 
some  tinn-  liefore  lam])black  or  soot,  in  an.\  qiuin- 
tity,  is  noticed  on  the  flues,  and  tin-  iioiler  is  so- 
constructed  that  the  flues  can  be  deant-d  almost 
instantly. 

I  would  not  recommend  the  sniiilier  sizes  of 
these  engines,  however,  for  use  nii  llie  tarm,  lUj 
they  are  very  light  and  have  too  man>  toy  inven- 
tions about'  them  to  niaki-  them  as  near  auto- 
matic as  possible,  and  I  (b»  not  lieliese  rliat  these 
light  parts  will  wear.  Tlie  largest  size  \s  heavier 
and  would  answer  tor  si>nie  jiurposes,  hut  tlK*o 
cost  as  much  as  a  modi-rn  nptiiibt  eiitriue  and 
boiler,  which  I  would  jireler,  and  reei>niniend  in 
every  case. 

There  are  several  houses  that  make  good  relia- 
■  ble  engines  that  have  stood  the  tests  for  yeai-s. 
I  and  it  "will  be  some  time,  If  ever,  liefore  there  will 
,  be  any  thing  made  to  surpass  tlicin  for  tarm  work. 

Every  farm  should  have  an  engine.  It  is  with 
I  these  as  it  was  with  the  windmill.    A  short  time 


VINE? 

ProUac, 


GRAPE 

JOEl^  IIOKNEK  A  .S<)N, 


— Po'keepsie.  Red  Ulst«r, 

MA<;AUA,and  ether 

nhl  nnri  ni'ir  rarffOM.StrawberrieS. 

Blackberries   IVIAUEBOUO  <fc 

e»lher  Raspberries.  Cat-alogueyVec 
.*Iercbantville.  N.J. 


Order  a  splendid  sewing  machine  on  trial,  to 
be  paiil  for  when  tenle*!.  of  C.  A.  \Vood  *fc  Co. 
See  advertiMeineut  in  January  inhuc.    Only  "^'-iO, 


TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS. 

GRAPE  VINES  and  SMALL  FRUITS. 

lloilvv    Stoek,  »iri-ul    Vurii-ty,    Low    I'ri.TN.     Fri-r  I'tttft- 
locuc.   J.  JENKINS.Wlnonn.  Columblima  to..  Ohio. 


I 


Nl  4<;  \R  \  WHITE  GRAPE.  MARLBORO  Raipberry 
H  S  AJiPERBON.  Union  SpnoeB.  N.f  Catalogue /r-'^ 


i^ys 


THl  CRANCER  FAMILY  FRUIT  AND  VEORTABLE 

EVAPORATORS. 

Ss.ao.  «6.oo.  ANn  sio.oo. 

Sent!  lor  r-irriilnr,  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'G  CO.,  268  S.  rillh  SI.  Phlla. 


K 


S^totCun 

H 


Revolvers, 
Jiifles, 

^GreatWeltern^ 
OvaWorki.Plttaborffh^fS^ 


SHORTH  ANDbvmnil  or  prrxoiial)}'. 
iluntionH  proi-m-ed  for  pupils  when  conipetent- 
end  for  Circular.  W.  (J.  OH AFFIC E.Oswego, N.  i. 


JFARMS&MILLS 
For  Sale  &  ExchanRp. 
FREE  Catalogue. 
R.  B.  CHAFFIN  ifc  CO..  Richmond,   Va. 


mmn 


A  DVANCE?uda\>  TOMATO 
Earllc*t  of  »ll,  round,  Hmooth,  brlffht  red. 
productive,  No  rot,  (food  shipper,  best  qual- 
ity fiKi  or  more  Needs,  2S  one  ren  t  stamps.  Try  it. 

V^SOUND  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

Seed  Potatoes,  Small  Ftmu  rlanu  in  ^reat  va. 
riety  Best  kinds,  fair  prices.  1886  catalogue  free^ 
rBAMK  FOBU  A  80>,  SMnorilde,  Kaveua.,  » 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN, 


since,  Ave  years  ago,  I  could  travel  many  miles 
over  our  country  road  and  not  see  a  windmill, 
now  I  go  over  the  same  road,  and  the  siglu  is 
quite  different:  on  nearly  every  farm  is  a  wind- 
mill, and  Mr.  Farmer  assures  us  that  it  would  be 
quite  impossible  for  him  to  do  without  it,  and  so 
it  is  with  the  engine.  Farmers  are  just  discover- 
ing that  with  these  they  can  save  a  great  amount 
of  labor,  and  that  they  pay  for  themselves  in  a 
short  time.  They  cut  feed,  punip,  run  fanning 
mills  and  grindstones,  put  in  hay,  and  can  be 
made  to  do  many  other  things.  All  who  use 
them,  I  am  sure,  will  sa.v  as  X  do ;  and  as  is  said 
about  the  windwill,  "  Inipo.ssible  to  get  along 
without  it."  We  are  just  waking  up  to  this  im- 
portant fact. 

As  for  being  managed  bv  "  hired  l|,elp,"  this  all 
depends  on  what  kind  of  help  is  hired.    All  en- 

fines  require  watching,  tlierc  is  the  water-gauge, 
he  steam-gauge,  the  pump,  the  oil-eups,  and  llie 
Are  that  require  it;  we  learn  in  a  short  tinn'  to  do 
this,  taking  up  but  very  little  of  our  tinn-.  If  an 
engine  and  boiler  are  left  alone,  to  take  care  of 
themselves,  miaethiinj  is  going  to  happen,  and  It 
Is  best  to  leave  them  entirely  by  themselves  when 
this  does  happen. 

We  have  used  an  engine  for  many  years,  and 
I  believe  we  would  as  much  think  of  giving  up 
our  horses  as  our  engine. 

I  think  the  engine  will  become  as  popular  on 
the  farm  as  the  windmill  is  now,  or  even  more  so. 
I  want  all  to  think  of  this,  and  see  If  an  engine 
could  be  profltably  used  on  their  farms." 

We  often  ^tend  time  in  looking  up  valuable, 
tuygeslions  and  testing  them  for    our    readers. 
We   want    no  untried  theories,  but  facts.    Plain 
facts  always  sjyeak  for  themselves. 


SEEDLINGS  AND  NEW  VARIETIES. 
Sy  IT',  a  Steele,  .Siritzerland,  Florida. 

If  there  are  any  readers    of  The  Farm  ANn 

G.iRDEN  Who  are  experimenting  in  the  raising 
of  new  varieties  of  fruits  from  seed,  I  wish  to  call 
their  attention  to  some  facts  wliicli  may  be  of 
interest  to  them. 

I  have  been  comparing  the  list  of  strawberries 
offered  by  a  prominent  nurseryman  In  1881,  with 
the  list  he  offers  this  year.  I  find  that  in  msi  his 
list  contained'  fiftv-three  varieties,  in  1SS4  he 
offers  fifty-seven.  But  in  the  fifty-three  oflered 
in  18.SI  only  thirty-two  find  a  place  in  his  cata- 
logue this  year.  Two  old  varieties  werti  restored 
to  the  list  this  year,  but  of  the  fifty-seven  cata- 
logued twenty-three  were  entirely  unknown 
three  years  ago.  Of  the  twenty-one  dropped  by 
him  in  three  years,  only  ten  are  now  ollered  by 
other  nurserymen. 

.Another  catalogue  for  1881  contains  a  list  of 
Bixty-five  varieties,  thirty-two  of  which  are  not 
found  in  the  list  first  mentioned.  Of  these  thirty- 
two,  fifteen  are  still  found  in  the  catalogues  of 
other  nurserymen,  but  seventeen  are  not  found 
many  list  that  1  have  at  hand.  Here,  then.  Is  a 
total  of  twent.v-elght  varieties  that  were  listed 
three  years  ago  which  are  not  offered  now.  Jlore 
than  that,  over  twenty  varieties,  included  above, 
that  are  still  olli-red,  are  vi'ry  selilom  called  for, 
and  it  usually  costs  nurscrynieii  iiicnc  t<i  keep  up 
their  stocks  of  su.-li  kinds,  than  tli.>  total  amount 
ot  their  receipts  from  all  sales  of  these  varieties. 
More  tlian  one-fourth  of  these  fifty  varieties 
were  sent  out  only  a  few  years  ago  with  wonder- 
ful descriptions  and  most  extravagant  claims. 
Many  of  them  proved  utterly  worthless  for 
general  cultivation,  though  often  valuable  In  the 
locality  where  they  originated.  At  least  two 
proved  to  be  old  varieties  sent  out  a  second  time 
under  new  names. 

In  the  catalogues  for  this  year  there  are  over 
twenty  vaWeties  marked  ••nne,"  though  some  of 
them  have  been  out  two  or  tliree  years.  It  is 
safe  to  say  that  not  five  of  these  "new"  kinds 
will  be  known  ten  .years  hence. 

In  raspberries  a  similar  state  of  affairs  exist-s, 
though  the  lists  are  hot  so  long.  In  fact  not 
more  than  a  dozen  new  rasplwrrles  have  been 
offered  to  tlie  public  In  the  last  three  years.  And 
among  these  are  two  which,  if  not  Identical,  are 
so  nearly  alike  tliat  It  puzzles  an  expert  to  detect 
the  difference.      Several  others  are  worthless  for 

feneral  cultivation,  and  will  never  be  successful 
eyimd  the  narrow  liiiuts  of  their  original  home. 

I  do  not  wish  to  discourage  the  growing  of  seed- 
lings by  these  statements,  for  there  is  still  i,I,,ntv 
of  room  for  Improvement.  We  have,  as  yd,  n.. 
strawberry  of  !/n„d  t/i,„lili,  that  Is  so  unlversallv 
successful  and  prolitable  as  the  Wilson.  I  think 
however,  tliat  many  experimenters  are  strivui'' 
for  the  impossible.  They  are  aiming  to  get  a 
nrst-elass  table  berry,  and  a  solid,  tougli,  shipping 
berry  in  the  same  variety.  I  do  not  believe  that 
this  will  ever  be  done.  A  strawberry  may  be 
".■;'"  ."•hd  solid  as  the  Wilson  or  Glendale,  and 
still  be  very  much  sweeter  and  better  flavored, 
nut  it  must  be  comparatively  dry.  A  sufiiclent 
quantity  of  Juice  to  make  a  berry  first-class  for 
"ible  use.  renders  It  too  soft  for  shipping. 

There  is,  however,  a  wide  field  open  to  experi- 
menters, where  there  are,  at  present,  very  few 
at  work,  and  where  tiio  reward  of  success  is  sure 
to  be  large.  There  has  been  but  one  new  variety 
of  currant  olfered  for  sale  for  many  years  that 
was  of  American  origin,  and  that  undoubtedly 
V'!^vea  a  bonanza  to  the  disseminator.  There  Is 
«ri  p''®*''  room  for  Improvement  In  currants. 
^'\i^<iWe  need  is  a  variety  as  productive  as  the 
TIM  r"^''"  superior  to,  or  even  equalling,  the 
White  Dutch  in  fiavor,  and  as  liirge  as  the 
Cherry. 

Gooseberries  have  been  Improved  in  England 
until  their  size  has  become  enormous,  their 
quality  excellent,  and  their  productions  wonder- 
lul.  Every  one  there  who  grows  fruit  at  all  has 
gooseberries.  In  this  country  they  are  very 
scarce,  and  we  have  no  varieties  that  will  com- 


New,  unsolicHed  letters  received  within  one 
month,  showing  public  opinion  among  practical 
farmers  to-day.  Many  others  hare  been  received, 
and  all  are  appreciated  by  the  hard-working 
editors. 


"Send  me  the  encyclopsedia.  also  your  bright  little 
monthly,  the  Farm  anj>  CIakden,  with  which  I  am 
well  pleased."  Samukl  T.  Opie, 

23.-f  yorlh  F.idhth  .'Street,  Philadelphia, 

"I  think  the  FAkm  an*d  0.\rden  is  the  best  In  the 
country.    I  send  you  a  club  of  thirty." 

Nicholas  Weber, 
EvansviUe,  Indiana. 

"  The  parties  like  the  sample  copy  verv  much,  in  con- 
sequence of  their  satisfaction  shall  l)e  able  to  farther 
increase  your  list  of  subscriliers." 

B.  G.  Pur.LiAN-, 
Austin,  Texas. 

"  1  don't  like  to  lose  a  immber." 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  fiRovER, 
Za  Paz.  Marshall  Connly,  Indiana. 

"  I  was  so  well  pleased  the  past  vear  with  the  Farm 
AND  Garden  that  I  will  uot  be  without  it." 

R.  Herriot. 
Princeton,  Indiana. 

'*  I  like  your  little  paper  very  much,  and  consider  its 
'  "  ylow." 


subscription  price  very! 


William  M.  Norris. 


"I  get  my  paper  very  regularly,  for  which  1  give  many 
thanks."  Johx  P.  Brown. 

Lavender  Hill,  Haltiinore  Gonnitj,  Md. 

"Hike  your  paper."  John  Stephen, 

Lancasiei ,  £rie  Cb.,  J\\  V. 

"I  have  beeu  very  much  pleased  with  the  Farm  and 
Garden."  Wm^  H.  Turner, 

Ifo.  46  Xorth  First  .Street,  Mei-iden,  Cbirn, 

"I  have  taken  the  Farm  and  Garden  one  year,  and 
like  it  very  much.    Please  send  It  to  me  another  year." 
G.  W.  NusBArM, 
Tifflin,  Heneca  Oo..  Jf.  V. 

"Send  me  a  premium  list.  I  have  a  club  alreadv  to 
to  send  lor  your  boss  paper."  L.  M.  Shepard." 

Temple,  Ma  ine. 

"I  received  more  benefit  from  mv  Adv.  in  Farm  and 
Garden  than  any  other  paper."       G.  A.  Bonnell. 

Waterloo,  X.  Y. 

"Premium  List  (Jan.  No. )  just  received  is  itself  worth 
the  subscription  price  of  the  paper  for  a  year." 

C.  A   Parker, 
Little  Sock,  Ark. 

"We  think  we  can't  keep  on  the  farm  wiihout  the 
Farm  and  Garden."  o.  H.  Goodhue. 

McBride,  Montcalm  Co.,  Mich. 

"January  number  of  Far.w  andGardkn  received  last 
evening.  I  will  give  it  to  one  of  our  best  lariuers,  as  I 
prize  it.    Will  you  please  send  me  anotlu-i  ei,i.\  ?" 

GE(>i;i;e  J.a'siier, 
Marianvitle,  .'ijchenertady,  Co. 

"!•  want  always  to  he  a  subscriber  to  the  Fap.m  akd 
Garden."  Willia  m  L.  Estlee, 

Canton,  Fla. 

"The  best  farmer's  guide  that  was  ever  put  throUKh 
the  press."  j.  k.  now, 

Macon  City.  Macon  County,  Mo. 

•Farm  and  Garden  has  given  us  much  valuable 
information  during  the  past  vear." 

Mrs.  M.  D.  E.  HopFt-NE, 

Otiden  City,  Vlah. 

"The  paper  is  worth  double  the  nioitev  without  any 
premiam."  i;.  T.  Osbokn, 

Ea.^t  Mosiches,  iv.  1'. 

"I  want  to  pajsrthe  lull  value  of  it,  as  I  think  it  one  of 
the  best  papers  of  the  many  I  take.'' 

Charles  W.  Parker, 
142  diaries  .Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

"It  looks  rather  mean  to  send  so  little  money  for  so 
good  a  paper.    If  you  can  stand  it  I  guess  we  can," 

J.  W.  RisT, 
Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


pare  favorably  with  those  of  England.  Foreign 
varieties  of  gooseberries  do  not  succeed  in  our 
hot,  dry  climate,  yet  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
wild  gooseberries  are  common  tiiroughout  the 
United  States,  and  that  we  have  two  or  three 
cultivated  varieties  that  ciin  be  grown  success- 
fully there  is  no  excuse  for  the  present  state  of 
affairs.  It  Is  simply  neglected  opportunities  that 
has  produced  it. 

Willie  the  raising  of  seedlings  from  our  best 
native  varieties  will  undoubtedly  lead  to  great 
improvement,  yet  crossing  them  with  some  of 
tile  better  Mnglish  kinds  seems  to  i)roiiiise  better 
results.  Some  have  chiimcd  that  foreign  goose- 
berries can  be  successfull.v  grown  in  tiiis  country 
by  training  them  to  single  stems,  not  allowing 
them  to  send  out  any  branches  until  they  reach 
a  height  of  from  twenty  to  thirty  Inches  from 
tlie  ground.  Probably  if  grown  in  partial  shade, 
and  trained  in  this  way,  they  would  at  least 
afiord  an  opportunity  for  crossing  with  our 
native  varieties.  Beion-  closing  this  article  I 
w^h  to  say  a  word  about  sending  out  new  fruits. 

1  he  reason  that  .so  many  highly  pufl'ed  varieties 
of  fruit  drop  from  sight  almost  as  suddenly  as 
they  appeared,  is  because  they  had  only  been 
tested  in  one  locality.  While  they  might  possess 
great  merit  at  iiome,  yet  on  different  soil  and 
under  different  climate  and  cultivation  they  may 
prove  to  be  utterly  worthless.  The  onlv  remedy 
for  this  is  to  send  out  plants  to  parties'  in  other 
slates  to  be  tested.  Yet  this  course  Is  open  objec- 
tion. It  is  a  sad  fact  that  originators  of  new 
fruits  have  had  tlielr  trusts  betrayed,  and  found, 
when  ready  to  ott'er  their  seedlings  for  sale,  that 
others  had  larger  stocks  of  ]>laiits  for  sale  than 
they  possessed.  I  see  no  wa.v,  as  our  laws  now 
stand,  to  prevent  this  except  by  exercising  great 
care  In  selecting  tlic  parties  to  test  the  new  seed- 
ling. Still,  if  I  had  a  new  fruit  to  offer,  I  think 
that  I  should  run  the  rislc  and  have  it  thoroughly 
tested  before  sending  It  out  to  the  public. 

THE    LAWSON    PEAR. 


By  Williant  Parry,  J'arry,  S\'ew  Jt  rsey. 

The  original  Lawson  pear  tree  is  now  over  one 
hundred  years  old,  anci  still  healthy,  and  grows 
In  a  cleft  of  rock  in  Ulster  County,  New  York. 
The  fruit  of  tlie  Lawson  was  such  a  beautl- 
lul  and  early  pear,  that  it  soon  had  a  great 
local  popularity,  and  was  highly  esteemed  in 
market,  and  the  trees  are  now  ottered  to  the 
jiublic  by  nurserymen,  and  will  be  widely  dis- 
tributed, and  the  public  will  find  it  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  siileable  pears  ever  intro- 
duced. The  Lawson  ripens  with  the  little  Doy- 
enne d'Ete,  but  equaling  in  size  and  earlier  than 
the  Beurre  Giflard  and  Chamber's  pears.  The 
tree  is  a  vigorous,  upright  grower,  with  clean, 
healthy  foliage,  mudi  resembling  the  Early 
Harvest  and  .Jeirerson  pears  in  appearance  and 
habit  of  growth.  The  trees  are  very  healthy, 
and  the  original  tree  has  never  suft'ered  from 
diseaseor  blight,  but  is  still  vigorous  In  growth, 
and  grafts  cut  in  1S.S3  from  the  original  tree  are 
now  making  a  rapid  growth  tit  the  Pomona 
Nurseries,  Burlington  County,  New  Jersey.  The 
young  trees  are  very  productive  and  early  hear- 
ers. Fruit  is  large  for  an  early  pear,  many 
measuring  nine  inches  in  circumference,  firm, 
and  a  good  shipper,  most  beautiful  yellow,  nearly 
covered  with  a  rich  crimson  color;  flesh  crisp, 
juicy  and  pleasant^,  good,  though  not  best  m 
quality,  and  should  be  used  before  It  gets  over 
ripe,  which  is  in  central  New  York  fnna  the 
middle  of  July  to  the  first  of  August.  When 
grown  farther  south,  where  the  climate  is  two  or 
three  weeks  earlier,  the  pear  will  be  valuable  to 
filant  for  early  shipment  to  New  York  markets, 
where  It  has  already  sold  at  from  two  to  four 
dollars  for  a  half-bushel  basket,  or  at  the  rate  of 
from  ten  to  twenty  dollars  per  barrel.  The 
Lawson  will  always  seil  well  on  account  of  Its 
exquisite  beauty.  It  will  prove  one  of  the  most 
valuable  and  stilable  early  pears  grown. 


HAVE   YOU   A 


GARDEN? 

IF  YOU   HAVE  YOU  WILL  NEED 

SEEDS 

And  wil!  want  the  Best  at  the  least 
money.  Then  my  new  Seed  Catalogue  will 
surprise  you.  No  matter  where  you  have 
been  dealing  ii  will  save  money.  It  is  mailed 
Free  to  all,  and  you  ougbt  to 
ha'Ve  it  before  buying  anywhere. 

WM.  H.  MAULE, 

129  &  131   South  Front  St.,  Philadelphia. 


IIV.OOO  Hiibscribers  from  each  Stale  wrill  innke 
one  list  ;{00.U00  and  over.  Please  do  yomr  share 
and  Henii  us  a  club  ot*  Vi,  Ijei  it  be  here  by 
February  1.5tli,  if  you.can. 


WELCOME 
OATS! 


N 

E 
W 

The  f-arlii-Ht  httuiefit  and  im-st  pro-iudive  oats  ever  intro- 
duced, weighing  50  lbs.  per  level  bushel.  JStrunu,  xtraiuhi, 
sfif  .t(ra'r,  o  to  6  feet  high,  heads  "Jtl  to  24  inches  long  ;  they 
stool  abundantly.Bingle  grams  producing  40  to  75  BtaJEs ;  sac- 
ceed  everywhere  in  the  U.  S.  Our  supply  is  grown  from 
original  hew/'fiartt  r.s  s'-fd,  a.nd  ff'iara/tl^ed  airictlif  pure  and 

ffnuine.  Prices:  lb.  4()cts  ;  :5!b8.,  $1.00.  postpaid;  bushel 
1.50;  10  bushels.  $1.3;  Sobushwlsand  over,  $1.20p6rbu8hel, 
bags  included.  Ainrricaii  Triutnph  Oat.-^,  a  handsome 
newvanety  from  Vermont;  has  yielded  over  1 1)0  bllt§lie!s 
totheacre.  Bushel,$1.50;  10  bushels,  $i;j.  \V/>>fe  Iie!'/ia>i, 
Washington,  Cunadum.  Surprise,  and  other  good  varieties 
atlowpnces.  ^;^'Order  noir  and  get  onr  new  f?ar.#^/f  and 
Fttrmjlanualin  ffl  Ann  in  t^ASH  PRIZKS  for  best 
which  we  offer  J)l  JUUU  productsof  ourseodsin  I  885. 
JOHJVSOM  &.  STOKES,    PhUadelphtg,    Pa. 


FIKST-CLASS    In    every  I 
RESPECT.  FEW  EC  ^ 
NONE      BfiTTF 


BURPFF'S  SEEDS 

UUnikb  Q  FARM  ANNUAL fOR  18851 

I  Will  be  sent  FREE  to  all  who  write  for  it.  It  1b  a  Handsome  Book  of  1 20  pases  hundreds  of  I 
I  beautiful  new  illuBtrationfl,  two  Colored  Plates,  and  tells  all  about  thn  bi=st  Farm  and  G  arden  I 
I  Heeds,  including  IIVIPORTANT  Novelties  ot  Heal  Merit.  Farmers,  Market  Gardeners,  audi 
I  Planters  »ho  want  the  BEST  SEEDS  at  the  i.OWEST  PRICES  send  address  on  a  postal  to  I 

IW.  ATLEE   BURPEE   &  CO..  PHIUDELPHIA.  PA.f 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


Oi^GHAi^D  AND  Small  Fi^uiiis 


COOPER'S    MARKET   lAtso  called  Cboper's  Red- 
linii,  MidyHy,  Rediiny,. 


A  valuable  New  York  apple  wlilch  is  also  grown 
in  Illinois  and  Michigan.  It  succeeds  in  loams 
and  light  soils  and  makes  a  valuable  fruit.  We 
give  a  cut  of  the  shape  and  appearance  of  the 


Cooper's  .\I.\kkkt. 

apple  taken  from  nature.  The  apple  is  large, 
oblate  coni«  to  oblong  conic  in  form,  and  usually 
grows  to  a  sharp  point  at  the  blossom  I'ud,  ;is 
shown  in  the  <  ut.  Color  a  rich  yellow  ground- 
work with  bciuitilul  dark  and  liglil  red  stripes. 
Flesh  .vellowish  while,  with  a  brisk,  subacid 
flavor.  The  sreat  peculiarity  of  this  apple  l.s  thai 
It  grows  better  b,v  keei>ing  and  will  Improve  in 
flavor  until  Ma.v.  Tree  an  uprlglil  t'rowcr  with 
drooping  branches,  making  a  line,  roundish, 
conical-headed  tree.  A  lair  liearer,  and  ver.y  apt 
to  bear  on  uneven  .years  or  when  other  apiiles 
fall.  .Slise  of  apples,  three  Inches  in  diameter  or 
one  hall  larger  in  size  each  way  than  given  In  the 
cut.    Does  not  thrive  in  a  wet  soli. 


PEACH    YELLOWS. 

Kll  L.  H.  BiiUty,  Jr..  f\tmhritlyi .  Mn.it. 

There  are  few  things  which  arc  known  in  re- 
gard to  peach  yellows,  althoutib  II  inusi  be  ad- 
mitted that  most  of  the  literatiin-  upon  the  sub- 
ject is  a  compilation  of  ingenious  jiue.sses.  The 
most  Important  knowledge  we  have  concerning 
the  dlsea,se  is  this:  Prompt  eradication  of  the 
trees  Is  the  only  known  remedy. 

Every  year  brings  a  new  lot  of  remedies  for  the 
insidious  disease,  but  upon  trial  all  have  so  far 
failed  I  believe,  unless  it  be  those  too  recent  to  be 
yet  thoroughly  tested. 

The  revival  of  the  soil-ixbaustion  hvpotiiesis 
Is  one  of  the  most  recent  developraen'ts  of  the 
yellows  literature.  Careful  observers  have  pro- 
nounced dearth  of  potash  to  be  a  leading  cause 
of  the  disease,  and  the.T  have  made  tlie  critical 
test  of  curing  disen.sed  trcis  by  applications  of 
potash  liM-tilizer.s.  Other  sjood  observers  especi- 
ally in  the  older  Eastern  states,  have  made  sim- 
ilar observations  and  experiments.  Many  other 
observers,  equally  critical,  have  stoutly  denied 
the  soil  exhaustion  supposition,  and  have  found 
the  potash  remedies  of  no  avail.  Such  denials 
coiae  largely  fr<un  the  fruit  regions  of  western 
Michigan,  where  soil  exhau.stion  Is  preposterous. 

It  was  my  good  fortune  to  be  raised  in  that 
western  Iruit  land,  and  a  ions  aciiuaintance  with 
"i',^^?!''*^''^  *'"■'"«  '"»**  '«^''  '"'■  to  renounce  at  once 
all  belief  in  soil  exiiaustion  as  Ihe  cause.  Kicli 
and  virgin  lands,  rich  in  potash,  grow  diseased 
trees  as  often  jis  do  the  older  lands.  In  wi-sierii 
New  York,  some  parts  of  Xew  Jersey,  and  in 
other  sections,  growers  can  never  be  brought  to 
beVleyc  in  this  hypothesis.  .Still  we  cannot  doubt 
the  statements  of  Ihe  careful  men  whoendorscll 

The  solution  of  our  perplexitv  is  not  sodirHcult 
as  it  at  first  appears.  It  is  mv  im])ivssl..ii  tliat 
the  yellows  whicli  has  been  so  largely  experi- 
inented  upon  in  some  parts  of  the  east  is  not  yel- 
lows at  all,  but  u  simple  weakening  or  exhaustion 
of  the  tree.  The  descriptions  of  these  yellows 
often  apply  very  inaptly  to  the  virulem  "disease 
which  should  bear  the  name  yellows.  There  are 
numerous  evidences  In  support  of  my  state- 
ments. If  each  of  the  persons  who  have  written 
upon  the  subject  had  owned  the  orchard  that  I 
once  did,  they  would  never  fall  Into  discussions 
a.s  to  whether  or  not  the  disease  is  conta-'ious 
They  would  have  had  a  palnftil  experience  to 
prove  its  contagious  cliaractt^r.  Neither  would 
they  doubt  as  to  whether  the  malady  i-xisis  as  a 
distinct  and  well-marked  disease.  That  the  true 
yellows  is  a  «ell-deflned  disease,  and  that  it  is 
contagious,  are  other  things  which  are  known  in 
regard  to  it. 

The  peach  growers  of  Michigan  have  demon- 
strated the  efficacy  of  prompt  eradication  of  the 
trees  as  a  remedy  for  yellows.  In  Berrien  county 
the  disease  appeared  years  ;vgo.  The  peach  erow- 
era  were  ignorant  concerning  it.  Instead  of  mis- 
trusting a  disease  to  be  the  cause  of  the  appear- 


ance of  the  early  speckled  fruit,  they  supposed 
that  they  had  a  new  varietv  of  peach,  and  they 
began  to  propagate  It.  When  flnallv  they  di.s- 
covered  that  they  had  a  wolf  in  sheep's  clothing, 
the.v  had  no  knowledge  of  how  to  prevent  its 
ravages.  The.v  doctored  and  exDcrimented.  and 
:  finally  were  obliged  to  give  up  peach  growing. 
Twenty-five  miles  north,  on"  the  lake  shore,  the 
disease  appeared  a  few  years  later.  The  people 
j  knew  that  it  was  coming,  but  it  was  in  their 
I  midst  before  they  were  aware,  and  it  was  doing 
\  great  damage.  The  fruit  growers  soon  rallied, 
and  began  a  most  persistent  warfare  upon  the 
disease.  A  Yellows  Commi.ssIon  was  appointed 
to  examine  every  orchard  at  stated  times,  and 
mark  all  yellows  ir.rs.  These  trees  were  speedily 
destroyed.  .Ml  the  hading  growers  combined  t'o 
demand  the  destruction  of  diseased  trees,  and 
through  their  eftei.s,  combined  with  those  of 
Secretary  (iarfield,  of  the  State  Horticultural 
Society,  an  eflectlve  l.n-v  was  pa.ssed  which  made 
the  destruction  of  the  trees  compulsory,  uncer 
penalty  of  fine  and  imprisonment.  Thousands 
of  trees  were  sacrificed.  For  a  time  it  appeared 
as  though  all  eflferts  were  futile.  In  a  couple  of 
years,  however,  thr;  disease  was  checked,  and 
each  year  it  is  now  deereasini.'.  There  was  no 
playing  with  the  disease,  no  experintenting,  no 
dallying.  The  work  wSs  quick,  thorough,  and 
imperative. 

apples;  change  of  varieties  by  soil  and 
climate.  no.  2. 

By  mi  Miiurh.  .Slilloh,  X.  J. 

rnntinuing  from  last  month  I  will  further  con- 
sider tlie  elTcet  of  root  gralling  for  soils  unsuited 
to  the  variety.  The  facility  with  which  .such  va- 
rieties as  the  Ben  Davis  strike  root  from  the 
graft,  when  set  a.s  root  grafts.  In  the  nursery.  Is 
so  great,  that  the  original  root  will  soon"  be 
discarded  by  the  graft,  whicli  will  make  all  the 
roots  ol  Its  own.  From  this  cause  alsothe  suckers 
that  spring  from  the  tree  will  prodin-c  the  true 
Ben  Davis,  not  because  the  graft  has  changed  the 
original  root,  but  because  the  new  roots  are  Ben 
Davis,  and  wll'  produce  a  lien  Davis  tree,  which 
will  thrive  In  any  soil  a  Ben  Davis  will. 

Now  take  a  tree  of  poor  rooting  disposition, 
like  the  Wlnesap,  and  eraft  that  on  a  root  the 
same  as  a  Ben  Davis,  and  vou  will  find  a  p<H>r 
rooted  tree  iVom  the  InablUtv  of  the  Wlnesap  to 
make  strong  roots  of  Its  own.  Toi)-grall  the  Wlne- 
sa])  on  a  vigorous  four-year-old  seedling  at  a  point 
near  where  the  Io|i  Is  to  be  formed,  you  will  have 
a  tree  with  all  the  vigorous  roots  of  "the  seedling 
and  one  at  home  in  yoursoil,  and  a  good  bearing 
long-lived  tree.  Wlille  this  mav  be  true  of  the 
W  incsap,  vet  were  a  Ben  Davis  root  grafted,  II 
mlKht  make  a  better  tree  than  grafted  upon  a 
lour-year-f>ld  seedling,  for  its  own  roots  mliiht  be 
more  vigorous  and  suitabh^  to  the  soil  than  the 
seedling  stock  It  might  be  grafted  upon.  The 
Ideas  I  wish  to  i-onvey  of  soil  and  stock  I  think 
must  now  bi'  clear  to  the  reader. 

To  make  Ihe  matter,  however,  still  clearer,  I 
will  take  an  apple  like  the  Kamense,  which  loves 
.a  limestone  soil.  Now  in  any  limestone  soil  the 
hamense  will  thrive,  but  not  on  a  cold  clay  soil 
as  well,  and  would  be  better  were  it  loi>-gfafted 
on  a  variety  well  suited  to  cold  clay  soli.  We 
know  this  statement  will  be  disputed,"  but  we  are 
satisfied  it  agrees  with  tlie  practical  results  of 
ex^)erilIlellts,  and  is  nut  a  fancy  of  theorists. 

Exposures  should  also  have  a  leading  control 
in  selecting  an  orchard  site.  Wh.Te  there  are 
late  spring  frosts,  jilant  on  the  North  side  of  a 
hill  to  retard  blooming,  also  plant  the  same  side 
to  protect  from  hot  suns  in  tlie  .South  In  the 
North-west  look  for  shelter,  and  for  a  wind  blow- 
ing Irom  water  will  carry  enough  moisture  with 
it  to  keep  a  tree  from  killing  bv  the  cold    dry 


winter  winds,  for  dryness  has  as  much  to  do  with 
winter  killing  as  the  cold.  Hence  a  situation  oa 
the  South-west  side  of  a  lake  will  protect  from  a 
Nortli-west  wind,  although  the  exposure  may  be 
North-west,  while  if  planted  at  tiie  North-west 
side  of  the  lake,  the  same  exposure  would  not  be 
desirable,  so  the  reader  will  .see  that  the  same 
must  occur  with  other  locations,  and  Judgment 
IS  required  to  fix  a  locality,  .some  locations  as  a 
valley  may  be  subject  to  late  frosts— as  the  Hud- 
son Kiver  Valley— and  yet  be  valuable  orchard 
sites,  for  the  f<igs  of  the  Hudson  will  protect  the 
blooms  by  keeping  oft'  tlie  sun,  the  blossoms  will 
not  be  Injured.  In  another  location  where  there 
are  no  fogs  a  valley  would  be  ruinous. 

Situations  exempt  from  late  frosts  are  r.sually 
found  on  a  side  hill,  raised  from  twenty  to  fifty 
f'^et  above  a  valley,  lor  the  air,  as  It  chills,  will 
sjttle  in  the  valley  below,  and  make  a  frost 
w  hile  tile  side  hill  would  escape  The  reader  has 
now  before  him  the  facts  of  the  case  upon  which 
which  all  must  form  an  individual  opinion  on  a 
site  that  would  meet  the  requirements,  and  the 
exposure  that  would  be  best  for  his  soeeial  loca- 
tion. The  question  has  long  agitated  the  Missis- 
sippi \  alley,  "which  is  the  belter,  high  or  low 
ground  foroichards"?  Leaving  out  Ihequestion 
of  varieties.  1  will  say  that  the  high  locations  are 
much  more  liable  to  be  dried  'ly  winds,  and  also 
the  dews  are  lighter,  and  the  volume  of  rain  is 
perceptibly  lighter  on  a  hill,  than  one  In  a  valley. 
\\  ere  It  a  question  oi  dryness  alone,  we  should 
at  once  say  a  valley,  as  nelng  less  subject  to  dry 
weather  and  the  sweeping  influence  of  dry 
winter  winds;  but  on  the  other  hand  a  warm, 
wet,  and  unusually  late  fall  may  ripen  the  wood 
on  high  land,  which  would  till  the  tree  with 
water  in  the  low  land,  and  at  the  flrst  sudden 
freeze  would  Irc.ze  Ihe  water  between  the  bark 
and  rupture  it.  and  It  would,  in  the  following 
spring,  fall  frmn  the  tree  and  ruin  the  orchard. 
\\  hile  such  an  accident  as  this  might  no r  occur 
for  years,  the  low  ground  would  be,  until  then, 
preferable.  The  principles  which  underlie  the 
subject  are  universal,  while  the  applications  are 

Sliecial. 

Please  rend  fruit  articles  in  every  farm  paper 
><>ii   rreeiye.      Ifinn  fliid  nnv  to  eqiinl  ibii.,  in 


Cull  and  linrd  priicfical  ..enMC.  iilense  lei  us 
iMiw.  II  >oii  (ike  oiii-'h  best  vou  cnn  faxil) 
urine  )oui-  ueiielibors  lo  !*nuie  opiiiiou.  uud  «et 
UK  a  club  of  1-i.  For  lliis  you  will  receive  the 
Knriii  Hud  t.ai-deii  for  three  >enrN  free. 

FRUIT  NOTES. 
Mr.  Liiper,  of  the  Warsaw.  Illinois,  Horticul- 
tural .Society,  kinds,  as  we  do,  that  II  is  better  to 
trim  apple  trees  later  than  February;  also,  has 
lound.  as  we  have  also  said,  that  wounds  made 
by  pruning  in  .luiie  heal  soonest. 

.\I  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Slate 
Horticultural  Society,  Mr.  Hillar,  of  Lancaster 
County,  said  cherries  In  that  county  grow  best 
on  a  north-western  slopi,  while  those  planted  on 
an  eastern  slope,  although  only  flIXy  yards  dis- 
tant, were  a  failure. 

E.  DeBell,  of  Sioux  Falls,  Iowa,  writing  to  the 
Dnkiitti  Farmer  says:  "Were  he  to  confine  him- 
self to  two  varieties  of  strawberries,  lie  w<  uld 
select  the  Crescent  seedling  and  the  Charles 
Downing  for  hardiness  and  profit.  The  Wilson 
wInler-kiMs  with  him. 

Frozen  apples  can  be  restored  easilv  bv  putting 
them  in  'ce  water  (not  well  water  for  tiiat  Is  too 
warmi,  i.i.d  a.low  them  to  thaw  out  slowlv.  If 
so  treated  they  will  be  as  fins  as  they  were  before 
being  frozen.  Whin  apples  are  frozen  in  bulk, 
cover  up  well  with  blaukets  and  allow  no  air  to 
circulate  In  the  .room,  ami  the  apples  usually 
thaw  out  with  but  a  little  Injury.  Hapid  thaw- 
ing ruins  them. 


TREES 

ROSES 

GRAPE  VINES 


For    SpriuK    Planling. 

,  »  e  offer  the  largest  4iid  most 
complete  ^.-enerai  stock  in  the 
U,  S. ,  besides  many  Noreltloi. 
Priced  Catalogues  as  follows: 
No,  I.  Fruit.  IOC.  No.  2.  Oma- 
mentaj  Trees,  i^c.  No.  3.  Small 
Fnjits.  No.  4.  \\'liolesale.  No-  5, 
Roses   free  KLLWAMiER  <k  BARKY, 

Ml.  Hope  >uriierie8,  Kochester,  N.  V. 


No  paper  In  Itie  counln  has  as  lull.  Inlertstlng.  anil  varied 
ailyertisements  ot  Imlls.  In  pait  4  Years  every  valuable  new 
variety  ol  apple,  peach,  pear,  plum  strawberry,  anil  raspberry  has 
been  ailverllsetl  in  Ihe  farm  anil  Garden  This  leature  alone  by 
shoi»lna  where  10  procure  anylhing  wanted,  ll  worth  many  limes 
the  labor  necessary  to  secure  a  club  ol  IJ.  Aclubol  12  subscribers 
al  ti  cents  each  entllles  Ihe  sender  to  3  years  subscription  Iree 

APPLEinDLIWK 

ROO'TCRAFTS. 


r.iirt:est  stock  in  the  United  state.s.  Prices  on  application. 
A.UIrcss.  BI,00>IIN<;T<)N   NCIJSER V  CO.. 

BLOOMINCTON,    ILLINOIS. 
CATALOGUE.    Mine  if  , I    i 

''  PKICES.    Frlce-ll> 
lem  C'entre,  ?i.  T. 


I^J^'SIIERRY,^ 


^^■^%  nrnpirCand  ;of«c,^rA«m  oaabe 
f%|  E.  m  Dunni  LO  ^rowii  if  I/O),  follow  our 
■^  ■  ^*  method.  Free  Catalopie  describes  all 
Tarietie«.    HAT.F.  BROS..  So.  Glastonbury,  Oonn, 

TREES!    SHRUBS!    VINES! 

SMALL   FRUITS,  &c.,  &c., 

Our  :>7ew  Nursery  Catalosrue.  one  of  the  finest  an»1  most 
fomplele,  sent  Free.    wM.  H.  MOON  Morrbville,  Pa, 

■NIAGARA  WHITE  GRAPE.  MARLBOEO  Raspberry. 
^^^^Amdebson,  Union  Springs.  N.Yr  CatalogQe./>pg 

ARLBORO     K  ASPIIEK  K  V.      POKKKPSIE 
RED,  I  I.STKK  l»KOI,ll  M  .  and  Duchess  Grapes. 


send    tu    the    orij,'iiui[ur.i     It.ir    (If^iTijUiim 


h1     Itrins. 


A.  J.  CAYWOOD  &  SONS.  Marlboro.  New  York. 


\Strawberrv,    Raipberr>,  Black- 
,     berry,  CirraDls,  Granes, 
lDcl.,.(iug  the  olil  I-'-i-'  I    .'uA   now 
jan     ...     Mny  KIne.    Mori-/ 
r^'boro,    F.iirly    <iu«tfr.    Fny. 
?",  N  I  iici*  ru,   t'omeJ.  Kti'fTer, 
PeiH'h  TrcvB,  Ax-.     Si-nd   for 
^  Catuluuiu-.  Frff. 

^  John  S. Collins, Moorestown. N.J. 


Fne.     E.    VAN  ALLEN,  Bethlehe  *rrif-^A** 


..     NEW   MARKET  PLUM 

"SHIPPER'S  PRIDE" 

NoiK  ollered  lor  Ihe  lirsl  wllhoul  restrictions. 

Send  now  for  OescriBtioii  an.l  T)>..tiinnninlH.  and 

hear  what  PLlni  .UTIIOKITIK.'*  sny  of  it. 

<lHrJ.'«Pt\.5A,'i'Jii''E  VIm:s.  niMl  .■50.000 
OHIO  Il.\SPBERRIES.  stione  phiiii^.   Address 

H.  S.  WXLEV,  CAYUGA,  W=  V. 


i\c:e3:e3o::ei:'s 
PROLIFIC  QUINCE 

The  most  celebrated  of  all  quinces.  Endorsed  by  all 
who  have  witnessed  it  hendlng  beneath  its  burdt'-n  of 
rich,  golden  fruit— Slock  ltiihite<l*  A  lull  line  of 
everything  to  ho  found  iti  e  tirst-class  nurserv.  A  sur- 
plus of  PLUM  TREES  AND  CAROLINA  POPLARS  will  be 
sold  cheap  by  the  hundred  and  thuusaml  tu  clear  th« 
ground  for  buildiiii;  purposes.  Send  fur  Pl-ice*IiHf  and 
Descriptive    Cntalopiie.     Address, 

WEST   JERSEY   NURSERY  CO., 


R.  0.  COLE,  Secfy. 


Bridgeton,    N.   J. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


The  Chazie  apple  of  Canada  sometimes  brings 
as  much  as  S40  a  oarrel  in  London.  In  1870  this 
famous  variety  was  found  growing  wild  on  the 
farm  of  a  mar  named  Chazie,  near  Niagara  Falls. 
The  fruit  haF  lue  muskmelon  flavor. 

The  stock  of  fruit  trees  this  j/car  appear n  not  to  be 
verfj  large,  especially  of  peach  trees,  M'e  wot/fd 
adhise  early  orders^  for  fruit  trees,  as  you  uill  get 
the  pick  of  the  best  trees  if  you  ordei'  early,  also  thv- 
kind  you  ivant.  The  trees  will  be  sent  when  you 
wish  them.    But  order  early. 

Stones  Hardy  blackberry  is  a  very  hardy  berry 
for  cold  Wisconsin  winters.  The  berries  are 
email,  but  it  is  a  prolific  bearer  and  of  great  value 
where  a  hardy  berry  is  required.  Between  the 
Snyder  and  Stone's  Hardy,  there  is  but  little  dif- 
ference. Some  deem  the  Stone  a  little  less  tart 
than  the  Snyder.  Either  of  them  are  safe  at 
forty  degrees  below  zero,  and  are  good  varieties 
to  plant. 

B.  H.  M.,  of  Edgefield,  S.  C,  in  the  Rural  yeic 
Yorker,  says,  that  after  fruiting  the  Kiefier  pear 
two  years,  he  finds  the  pear  very  beautiful,  but 
in  quality  it  is  utterly  u'orthless.  He  is  very  suc- 
cessful w'ith  the  Le  Conte.  Wood  ashes,  from  a 
half  peck  for  a  three  year  old,  to  one  bushel  for  a 
twenty  year  old  tree,  is  his  specific  for  the  blight, 
and  has  now  been  exempt  five  years.  He  also 
cultivates  the  orchard  very  little,  only  plowing 
it  in  spring. 

Grape  vines  can  now  be  pruned  and  the  wounds 
will  dry  and  prevent  the  bleeding  sure  to  follow 
if  the  vines  are  pruned  later.  Grape  vines  will 
bear  very  severe  pruning,  and  the  grapes  will  'i 
finer.  For  arbor  pruning  we  would  adv!.--. 
where  shade  is  wanted,  to  prune  to  long  arm- 
and  trim  tlie  arms  close  and  train  thcni  wlun 
the  shade  is  wanted.  The  growth  will  be  vigor- 
ous and  will  soon  cover  the  trellis  and  make  ai. 
abundance  of  shade  and  a  supply  uf  fine  fruit. 

We  want  Mubsci-iberw  in  every  iiitpllieeiit  com- 
munity US  thick  nnd  cloNe  tiigethei-  uh  the  ueai--^ 
in  our  illusrratiou.  If  )  ou  will  Ne ntl  iin  a  <-liib  oi 
1*2  it  nill  he  a  big  Htart.  This  will  eniiile  )  on  i<i 
the  Farm  and  i-arden  for  three  years  free. 

The  Red  June  is  apt  to  scab  when  planted  i. 
north.  To  some  extent  this  is  true  of  Michigai 
but  more  so  of  Iowa.  It  is  a  good  early  fruit  li  >i 
the  middle  section  of  the  country.  The  Retl 
Astrachan,  in  extremely  cold  situations,  does  not 
fruit  well;  but  it  is  one  of  the  very  best  for  any 
eection,  and  very  productive.  The  Pennock  is 
very  hardy,  a  good  bearer,  and  a  good  winter 
apple,  large,  of  line  red  color;  but  is  apt  to  have 
black  spots,  which  are  very  hitter  and  sometimes 
ruin  the  fruit. 

In  the  orchard  but  little  can  be  done  in  the 
enow  in  the  North,  but  in  more  favorable  sections 
in  the  South,  a  great  deal  of  pruning  can  be  done. 
It  does  not  pay  to  trim  all  varieties  promiscu- 
ously and  weaken  the  tree.  In  young  orchards 
only  a  little  of  the  wood  need  be  taken  out  to  let 
in  light  and  all*.  Heavy  bearing  trees,  if  thinned 
too  much  are  apt  to  break  under  tne  loads  of 
fruit,  which  must  be  supported  on  a  few  limbs 
and  are  almost  sure  to  break.  We  find  many 
orchards  are  injured  by  severe  pruning.  But  let 
no  dead  remain  in  any  tree.  Cut  all  branches 
closely. 

You  want  to  grow  peaehes,  and  you  can  do  it  too. 
You  can  set  the  yellows  at  defiance,  ajid  have  luscious 
fruit.  Remember,  at  the  proper  time  The  P'arm 
AND  Garden  unit  tell  you  how  to  drt  it.  That  is 
what  we  print  a  paper  for.  We  shall  tell  ym(,  at  the 
right  time,  hmv  it  can  be  clone,  and  rve  know  it.  The 
Farm  and  (Jarden  tievcr  takes  the  back  seat. 

Peach  orchards  ou  gravelly  nr  sandy  soils,  need 
for  ;i  fi^rtiliztT,  limr,  potash,  soda  :ui<l  i)liospii:ites. 
These  mineral  manures  are  far  better  than  stable 
manures.  Put  your  stable  manures  broat^-iiist. 
when  the  ground  is  frozen  over  your  wheatT^ 
top  of  snow  if  need  be,  and  put  your  mineral 
fertilizer  on  your  peach  orchard  and  it  will  pay 
you  to  do  so."  Stable  manure  makes  too  luxuri- 
ant a  growth  in  the  tree  and  too  long  limbs,  and 
they  are  apt  to  break  easily.  Mineral  fertilizers 
make  stubbed,  short,  strong  limbs  and  a  healthy 
tree  and  do  not  break  easily.  A  liberal  fertilizer 
for  an  orchard  would  'jc  SOU  pounds  of  any  stand- 
ard phosphate,  or  tho  same  of  bone-dust  or  plain 
South  Carolina  dissolved  rock,  and  .50(>  pounds  of 
kainit,  and  '>0  bushels  of  lime.  This  will  cost,  at 
the  usual  prices,  not  far  fron\  twelve  dollars  per 
acre,  and  will  be  superior  to  twelve  loads  of  man- 
ure to  the  peach  orchard.  Spread  broadcast, 
evenly,  over  the  whole  surface  at  any  time.  You 
may  spread  it  now  if  you  wish. 


THE   LE  CONTE    PEAR. 


The  Le  Conte  I*kar. 


THE    PEAR    BLIGHT. 

1.  V.  Jlwison's  (Dtxirt  f  to   Oms.  Ryley.of  Ttiranaki, 
AVu-    ZralatuL 


Owing  to  the  miscarriage  or  delay  of  November 
number,  I  did  not  see  Mr.  Ryleys  letter  until 
now. 

It  does  not  matter  much  what  the  nature  of 
the  soil,  the  grassing  of  land  planted  to  pear 
orchard  would  produce  the  same  eflTect.  cause 
early  maturity  of  wood,  and  conse'iutntly  pas- 
sing the  winter  without  freezing  the  yovmg  s:i]'py 
shoots,  (as  there  would  be  none  to  fre</.e.  while 
if  cultivated  late  there  would  be),  and  thus  weak- 
ening the  vitality  and  making  a  hot-bed  for 
bacteria  blight  when  the  warm  weather  comes 


again.  As  the  pear  naturally  grows  upon  thin 
clay  soils,  and  sends  its  roots  very  deeply  into 
the  earth,  »o  fear  need  be  entertained  as  to  star- 
vation by  the  grass. 

The  grass  dies  in  winter  and  makes  a  nice  thin 
ipiuich,  keeps  the  soil  pfirous,  and  in  the  early 
■■urnmer  the  pear  takes  advantage  of  this  and 
makes  a  strong,  rapid  growth,  which  thoroughJy 
matures  long  before  autumn  frosts  come,  with 
cultivation,  a  fall  growth  is  almost  certain  to 
lake  place,  which  not  only  sets  a  bait  for  blight, 
but  imures  the  fruit  buds  which  have  already 
formed. 

I  haxie  produced  just  as  heavy  crops  of  as  flue 
pcai-s  the  second  and  third  year  trees  had  stood 
niiilisiiui)od  in  grass,  as  did  the  same  trees  when 
\.rll  cultivated,  demou^trating  that  the  pear  was 
i<-cding  from  far  IkIow  the  surface.  The  cultiva- 
tion causes  a  set  of  small  surface  roots  to  grow 
and  give  unusual  stimulus  for  a  short  time,  and 
at  the  expense  of  the  deep  roots. 

For  the  best  results  in  grass,  I  would,  of  course, 
choose  deep,  well-drained  soil.  The  sub-soil,  par- 
ticularly, should  be  oiClay  rich  in  lime  and  iron. 
The  addition  of  ashes  and  salt  occasionally, 
would  doubtless  be  beneficial,  as  these  elements 
readily  dissolve  and  penetrate  the  earth  and 
there  act  as  chemical  fluxions  or  solvents  of  other 
elements  necessary  to  be  freed  from  their  stony 
embraces,  for  roots  to  lay  hold  on  them  more 
readily. 

Pear  trees,  on  own  roots,  bear  in  six  to  ten 
years,  in  cultivated  lands,  in  grass,  considerably 
sooner.      On  quince  tbey  bear  in  naif  the  time. 

Tying  a  strong  cord  about  the  body  of  the  tree 
in  spring,  st>  as  to  cause  the  part  above  to  swell 
out  like  a  welt,  will  cause  fruit  buds  to  be  devel- 
oped sooner.  The  cord  should  be  allowed  to 
remain  on  only  until  fall,  and  a  new  one  tied 
aliove  the  old  place  the  next  spring  if  the  tree  is 
still  too  vigorous,  and  has  made  no  fruit  buds. 
This  has  a  similar  eflect  to  root  pruning,  and 
several  other  operations,  such  as  girdling,  cutting 
back  Ml  summer,  &c.,  all  of  which  injure  the 
vitality  of  the  tree,  and  should  not  long  be  eon- 
1  iiiuod.  Grassing  has  a  somewhat  similar  effect, 
iiut  less  injurious  than  any  other,  and  a  more 
JKitural  way.  Winter  pruning,  on  the  contrary, 
^iimulates  further  wood  growth  and  retards 
iruiting.  but  gives  finer  fruit  of  what  you  d<»  get. 
So.  if  an  orchard  has  become  <ild  and  scraggy, 
plowing,  nianuringand  winter  pruning  will  cause 
it  to  renew  itself  with  young  wood.  But  I  did 
not  intend  to  write  a  book  on  orchard  manage- 
ment. 

As  to  the  true  "  Fire  Blight  "  in  New  Zealand,  I 

ardly  think  it  will  fiourish  there,  as  the  climatic 
conditions  are  adverse  to  the  growth  and  dcvel- 
oimient  of  such  bacteria,  just  as  Is  California 
under  the  influence  of  ocean  breezes,  only  still 
more  so.  I  would  take  it  to  be  a  great  pear  cli- 
niate,  if  the  soil  will  suit. 

Mr.  Ryley's  "  Hoot  Fungus"  seems  to  act  verv 
much  as  a  "Root  Rot  "  we  have  here.  This  has 
been  traced  to  insufficient  drainage,  land  which 
remains  water-k>gged  for  some  time  after  very 
rainy  weather,  the  young  fibers  drown  and  then 
the  result,  rot  gets  the  blame.  The"  Rot"  is  only 
the  vulture  eating  a  dead  carcass.  Drain  the 
land  and  keep  the  roots  alive. 


If  you  have  only  one  fruit  tree,  read  our  Or- 
chard Department.  Its  editor  hus  grown  fruit 
for  thirty  years,  and  very  successfully,  too.  He 
writes  about  fruit  because  he  hwws  about  it, 
Nothing  wrouy  in  this,  is  theref 


RANCOCAS;  best  earlv  red  raspberry.    STRAW- 
REKRIFS— Mav   King,  best    earlv:    Cuiinecticut 
(iiiceti,  besi  late.   \ViN»n  .1  r.  he-t  f-tnly'  BIneUberry. 
S.  C.  De  C'Ol'.  Mooreslown.   Burllnqton  County.  N.  J- 


JJJj  U  JliUXiXVXt  I .  Succeeds  on  nil  Soils  anil 
is  a  l"H<»l  ITABM-:  FRIIT  to  eiow  for  imirket. 
noinc  CtanJDc  I  Hnstraud  Descriptive  Price-list  tree. 
UeiUb  dldpitSb,  w  est  Sebewa,  Ionia  Co..  3licfa. 

Strawberry  Plants  For  Sale 

Surli  as  .1  iiiiilxi,  Allaiilic.  I*riiire  Kerrirp*.  Cor- 
nelia. I>aaiel  Itoant'.  ll*>ii<lfi'N<>n.  Parry.  ljai*#:e 
stock   ami    1,0\V    l'I{I(l':?».    SiMid  lor  Si«<-ial  Piice- 

James  Lippincott,  Jr.,  mi'.  Hoiiy,'N.'"j. 


a 


RANGOCAS 


n^ 


We  give  on  next  column  cut  of  aVjearing  hranch 
of  the  Le  Conte  pear  very  much  reduced.  The 
tree  is  such  an  enormous  bearer  that  the  i>ears 
cling  to  the  branches  much  like  plums,  as  will  be 
seen  by  the  cut  we  give.  Of  course  no  tree  will 
bear  so  profusely  as  a  single  branch  will,  or  in  fact  1 
no  tree  could  bear  such  an  enormous  weight,  but 
the  pear  Is  wonderfully  productive  and  hardy. 
The  original  tree  stands  in  Liberty  County, 
Georgia,  and  wa«  sent  there  by  Major  Le  Conte, 
from  whom  it  takes  its  name,  and  is  now  over 
forty  years  old.  It  has  borne  large  crops  annu- 
ally, with  no  ofl"  years.  It  belongs  to  the  sand 
pear  class  of  pears,  and  is  like  them  a  very  vig- 
orous grower.  The  pears  are  as  large  as  the  Bart- 
lett,  bell  shape,  and  in  quality  not  good,  but 
sells  well  in  market.  This  is  the  great  pear 
for  the  South,  where  most  pears  are  not  success- 
ful. It  will  not  be  valuable  north  of  the  Caroli- 
Mas,  as  the  quality  of  the  pear  suffers  from  the 
want  of  a  hot  and  a  warm  climate  to  fully  ripen 
and  improve  it.  The  Le  ConXe  is  largel.v  planted 
in  Georgia  and  Mississippi  for  Northern  markets, 
and  with  very  profitable  results. 


THK  3IOST  PKOnrCTIVi;.  IIAICUV.  EARLY 

RED     RASPBERRY 

(;ooD  Qi,  ALi  TV.   FiNE'COLoiE.   <:akkii:>  wet  l. 

A  GREAT  MARKET  BERRY. 

siKiiiid  he  planted  by  everv  one.  Spnd  fordeseription  ami 
terms.    W.  H.  MOON,  Co-IntroUucer,  MorrisviU*,  Pui. 


I 


NJ  AliAKA  WHITE  GEAPE.   MARLBORO  Raspberry. 
H.  S.  ASDEHSOS^mo^pnngs^^^Catelogge/rg^ 


3  DOZEN  HE*STRAWBp:Kl{IESrni  *i.oo. 
"■"■^"^^^  post-]iai'l.  Cirfiilai"  and  iirici'-iist  (if 
siitatl  fruit  and  vegeiahl.-  phiiilv,  tree.  COLD  FRAME 
CABBAGE  for  shippiim  SmuiIi.  :i!iii  CranheiT\-  plain-;  a 
speiialty.      I.  &  L.    LEONAIJD.  lona,  New  Jf ishv. 


"C 


lONNECTIClTT    QUEEN."   Late  Stiawlierry. 
-'    Larce,  hiKh    mialilv:    THE    prnlitic      Circulars 
free.      W.  N.  HOftiHTALINCr,  Seymour,  Conn. 

STRAWBERRY   PLANTC 

50  Bl<;  BOB'S  and  50  JAMES  VICK'S'  ur  100 
JAMES    VICK'S    free    hv  mail  for  !«1.00. 

T.    DIIRBIN,    \Vee<lsport.   New  York. 


Bon  and  n.nst  rroflt.blo  LATE  WHITE 

PEACH  i  r>O.0O0tr.'.'>,mc:ludiugk:i-iiQ,' 

^■ir\'  li.  -    Wlllium'«  Early  Ked,  oucof  th« 

_^__-_^Ti.v.   Ill"-'  'i'-ir:iMi'  'iirlv  applet.  Good  sti-ck  An- 

FDRD.^  Pb-    Tri.-t-i*    -i-'ra.iii^:    iii.,st    popular  kinds. 

-r^^^=  I"  tirli    Iflchiiionil,    Montmorency,   mi'I 

I    A^^^P  "    '  ^  ''"'"■'' ("herrU-n.  Griipca.  Stniwher- 

L^^y^^    riv-^  K«f*pbcrrle*i,  n'-w  imd  ulii.-r  varii:-ti..s. 

"i^^^^^s      "'  -y  ^T-i'M  Anparaeup*  root)*.    Large 

^fc^^    il'l'^        'f"i  "^    -!i:iile   aittl  ornamenUil  m.-cs.      Semi  for 
^*-=^^^  i-:it:.lu[;iu'.   S.  K    RoRerfi  &  Son.  Mt.  Hitllv.  N.  J. 

FIRE!  FIRE!  FIRE! 


iiii    eiilii'e   new    in'tici'ws, 
-eiit.  of  the  lalior  and 


sirau  lierries    Krown    li\" 

which  saves  at  least  J5  i»er  reil 

expense  of  riiltivatlon  aiiiiually.  It  ii**sii  . 
«eets.  \Ve<'ds,  (irnsN  Seeils.  etc.  Saves  Uiinuer 
etittiiie  and  resertiiie  otlener  than  onre  in  eight 
yeai**.  1  iia\t-  iiic  lai-aest  and  healthiest  vines  in 
lids  v.,ii,,ri,  ;Liid  til.-  t..tal  cost  of  fultivalluii  h:LS  been 
les^  iliitii  r»»A.OO  pei*  aere  this  spa-suu.  I  have  for 
sale  liiiiulreds  and  Thousands  m' STRA  \VB  KR  R  Y, 
BL.A<'K  AND  Ri:i)  RASPBERRY  IM.ANTS, 
my  <i\vn  growins.  all  warranted  pure  stock  and  No.  I  Plant* 

The  above  system  free  to  evei->  piii-(*ha'»er  ofSi*2 
\V((i>th  of  plants  :  tn  olliers  SI.  Send  Im  Prrce-Llsl 
o1  plants  and  further  particulars. 

T'Xl^SID  XjjTJOI-A-, 

FLS  SHI  N<;.<;i:Ni:si:K('»rNTY,  .MICHIGAN. 


WANTED 


EXEROETir,  RELIABLE 
in. Ml  to  sell  Friiii  Trees, 
^■rape  Vin«'s.  S  h  r  ii  b  b« 
Roses.  tV<-.  Salary  and  Expenses  or  Liberal  Commissions 
paid.     Full  inslniiiioiis  ^ivi-n,  so  inf.\|)fiiciice(i  men  can 

"auUrAJidri^-  J-  F.  Le  Clare.Brighton,  N.Y. 

GREENDALE  NURSERIES  !;,;,V'1;;7;',,';s'free! 
1"  pkK.  a~<nii,  ,1  rli.ii.-c  Mowr  —eiN.  iinsl-|iaul,  .'(Oo 
1-  a,Nsnrli-(l    Xl-u-    Iiiipuitrd    (ihnliolus    .j*i  rents. 
OSCAR    CLOSE,    WOKCESTEIC    MASS. 


STRAWBERRIES 
And  Mi,w  CHOICE  SMALL  FRUITS. 

GREENHOUSE  AND  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

ski:  ii,i,rsTKATi:n  catalooii:,  fueb. 
f*cn  I  Mil  I  CD  Rii><;e"'ooi>  .>xu«i;kies, 
utU.  L.  lillLLtn,     STOCKTON,  ohio. 


6 


THE   FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


of  this  rose.  Its  color  is  a  beautiful  glowing 
crinisou,  pixjbably  a  shade  lighter  than  our 
favorlt*  Gen.  Jacquiniiuot,  although  many 
specimens  have  shown  thenK>elves  fully  as 
dark  as  this  rose.  In  fragraiue  it  disputes 
the  prominent  place  so  long  held  by  Ija 
France;  but  this  quality  speaks  for  itself. 
I  haye  never  seen  a  plant  so  quick  to  re- 
spond to  Judicious  pruning,  nor  indeed, 
have  I  seen  one  better  entitled  to  the  term 
"  ever-blooming,"  than  this.  To  quote  from 
an  English  paper,  "The  William  Francis 
Bennett  is  the  most  persistent  of  winter 
bloomers.  As  with  'Wellington's  soldiers  at 
Waterloo ;  when  one  bud  is  cut  off,  another 
quickly  takes  it.s  place."  I  have  seen  no 
tendency  whatever  to  mildew.  In  two 
houses  tilled  with  these  plants.  I  have  seen 
no  sign  of  It.  Its  growth  is  remarkably  vig- 
orous, and  its  foliage  resembles  greatly 
that  of  roses  of  the  Hybrid  Remontant 
il;;ss.  In  Europe,  this  rose  has  taken  pre- 
miums and  first  class  certificates  wherever 
exhibited.  Since  its  arrival  «i  this  country, 
it  has  been  awarded  a  premium  and  a  oer- 
titicate  at  two  flowershows  inNew  York." 

An  English  paper  says:  "Mr.  Bennett's 
Pedigree  Roses,  if  not  appreciated  at  their 
full  worth  in  this  coimtry,  appear  to  lie 
elsewhere.  It  is  stated  mat  an  enterprising 
rhiladelphia  plant  merchant,  Mr.  Evans, 
has  bought  half  the  stock  of  the  Crimson 
Tea  Rose,— William  Francis  Bennett— for 
i}li500,  and  has  legally  bound  himself  not  to 
sell,  or  otherwise  dispose  of  any  bud,  cut> 
ting,  or  scion,  but  only  the  flowers  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  The  rose  has  made  its 
mark  in  Covent  Garden  and  other  mar- 
kets, many  thousands  of  its  bloom  buds 
having  been  sold  at  highly  remunerative 
prices,  it  being  one  of  the  most  persistent 
winter  bloomers." 

It  win  Interest  our  readers  to  know  that 
this  famous  rosi-  will  bp  on  the  market 
ready  to  In-  dellvcr.id  May  the  1st,  of  this 
year,  instead  of  1S,ST.  Mr.  Evans  having 
made  arrangements  to  that  elTect,  by  buy- 
ing, we  arc  told,  the  whole  of  the  origina- 
tor's stock.  The  immense  amount  of  money 
invested  in  it  will  necessarily  make  the 
price  high  at  first,  and  we  sincerely  hope 
Mr.  Evans  will  be  well  repaid  for  his  enter- 
prise 

To  illustrate  the  high  value  placed  on  this 
rose  by  florists,  we  would  say  that  8.500  was 
rflereci  for  one  dozen  cuttings,  and  only  a 
-horl  while  ago  we  heard  a  prominent  rose 
grower  say  that  he  would  gladly  give  SKX) 
lor  a  single  cutting.  Such  a  rose  must  be 
worth  having,  and  we  are  glad  to  hear  that 
several  of  our  advertisers  are  cataloguing  it. 


No  flornl  paper  in  tlilM  roiintr>  gives  bet- 
ter cuts  or  more  inlerestinu  description 
of  new  plants.  If  5<m  value  this,  please 
send  as  a  club  of  l"i  suliMcribtrs,  ami  jou 
^vill  eet  tlie  Farm  nllfl  Garden  3  years  free. 


RaSE-WILLIAM  FRANCIS  BENNETT. 


Our?  Flowbi^  Gai^den. 


Many  readers  sni/  ire  gire  too  much  /or  the 
monet/'.  Well,  that's  gnorl.  Better  ton  much  than 
too  little.  Send  im  as  large  clubs  as  you  please  ; 
ire  u'ill  saij  eery  good,  but  never  say  too  many. 


THE  WILLIAM    FRANCIS   BENNETT   ROSE. 

Thisccli'brated  ruse  was  produced  liy  Mr.  Henry 
Bennett,  the  suii'essiul  "  Pedigree  Rose  (irower.  " 
at  his  nursiTii's  at  shippcrton,  Walton-on-the- 
Thames,  Ijondcm.  England. 

Mr.  Bennett  hybridizes  roses  on  strictly  scien- 
tific principles,  and  has  given  us  a  number  of  flue 
results.  H<'  has.  however,  produced  no  rose 
which  has  given  him  the  same  s:itisfa<'tion  as 
this  WllUain  Francis  Bennett.  It  is  really  a  mar- 
vel among  roses.  Mr.  C.  F.  Evans,  writes  to  the 
Garilrners"  Monthtff: — "  Burlng  a  long  correspond- 
ence with  Mr.  Bennett,  prior  to  the  pitrchase  of 
this  rose,  I  t'cit  that  jirobably  his  praises  might 
be  over-drawn;  that;  lieing  a  plant  of  his  own 
creation,  hem  itrht  possibly  regard  it  as  a  foolishly 
Indulgent  father  winild  a  favctritc  child.  Ouring 
my  visit  to  Mr.  Bennett's  greenhouses  last  sum- 
mer, liowever.  1  (piickly  saw  that  In  no  way  had 
the  descrijitlon  surpassed  the  true  merits  of  the 
rose. 

"  It  is  the  custom  of  Mr.  Bennett  to  remove  his 
plants  from  the  greenhouse  in  the  sirring  and 
place  then  in  frames  in  tlii'  open  air.  It  was  my 
privilege  aiirl  di'light  to  see  them  at  six  o'cbx'k 


in  the  morning,  previous  to  any  cuttings  having 
been  made,  and  truly,  a  more  beautiful  sight  had 
never  met  my  eyes.  Hundreds  of  glowing  crim- 
son buds,  backed  by  the  beautiful  green  foliage 
for  which  the  plant  is  so  noted,  glistening  with 
dew  and  illuminated  by  the  rays  of  the  early 
morning  sun,  made  a  picture  to^ladden  the  eyes, 
and  (iTie  long  to  be  reini'mbered.'  Do  you  wonder 
that  I  longed  to  transport  this  beautiful  ro.se  to 
our  own  land? 

"  Where  can  yon  find  a  Country  more  apprecia- 
tive of  the  beautiful  thanourown?  Rose  lovers 
;ue  so  plentiful  with  us_,  and  so  ardent  in  tlu-ir 
devotion  to  this  (pieen  of  flowers,  that  I  foresaw 
the  treat  I  should  have  in  disseminating  a  new 
to  them,  .so  worthy  of  their  admiration,  and  rose 
my  expectations  have  been  fully  realized.'' 

"  I  would  like  to  tell  you  of  the  peculiar  merits 


Nkw  Poixsettias. 
Since  the  introduction  f)f.the  double  Poln- 
settia   (Plenissiniu)    there    has    been,    until 

lately,  no  new  addition    to  the   varieties, 

except  the  white  bracted  form.    Some  new 

varletes,  showing  a  variation  in  color  in  the 
bracts  fnmi  the  original  kind,  have  now  been 
raised  and  acquired  by  Mr. B.  .S.W  illlams.  In  whose 
nurseriesthey  may  now  be  seen  flowering  side  by 
side.  These  dill'er  in  no  respect  Irom  the  t.vpe,  ex- 
cept in  color,  which  in  Ignescens  is  brilliant  car- 
mine rose;  in  Brilliantissima,  a  vivid  scarlet  of  a 
shade  different  from  the  comnnm,  while  that 
named  Mirabilis,  has  the  upper  bracts  scarlet  and 
.the  lower  half  scarlet  and  mottled  with  green. 
Tastefully  arranged  with  ferns  and  other  eltgant 
foliage  plants,  these  Poinsettias,  together  with  the 
white  bracted  variety  arc  capable  of  jirodncing 
beautiful  elTects.  They  have  also  theadvantageof 
remaining  a  very  long  time  in  bloom.  We  be- 
lieve It  a  wrong  jilan  to  start  tlicm  early  in  the 
sea.son.  The  writer  had  several  plants  that  last 
season  had   been  set  In  a  dark  cellar  and  were 


SEEDSI? 


CARNATION  PLANTS. 

Rn.ilt'ii  I  iiltiiiKs  ;ui.l  l'la!i;s  yA'  C'nrnalioiis  ;i  spfcially 
Pii.t-)ivt  uii  I  WILI.IA  >I    SWVVXE.    FlnrUi. 
uppliraiioM.  I  P.  O.  Bu.\  2"J*i.         Keniiett  Square*  Pn. 

Fi'esb  anil  reliable,  from  2  rts.  ft  packet 
S  trial  packets  Flower  Seeils  lOe. 
_   .,  ,  kts.  Veeetnble  See*N  10  <•!•*.   I'ata- 
II. I  sample  pkt.  free.    J.  J.  BELL.  WINDSOR.  H.  Y.     I 

SEEDS  AND  PLANTS 

BfV    TTtK 

BEST  VARIETIES  AT  LOW  PRICES. 

CATALOaVi:  FREZ:. 

A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH,  IOWA. 


•ROSES 


14  for  SI  .00  I 
THOMAS  G.   HAROLD,   Kingston. 


1*4i  Oiinlitv  Mfily. 

rtilli.''^     low    i>rl<'t>*. 

Somerset   Co..   Maryland. 


tents  eaeb  for  BEDDINfJ  PLANTS.    UOSE8 

very  low.    Senil  for  Catalofciie. 
E.  S.  NiXON  &  Son.  (baltanoosa,  Tenn. 


^  ORNAMENTAL  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

C  ATAI.OGITE  :>lAn,F.n  ON  APPI.If'ATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &.  SONS- 

Ridge  and  Lehigh  Avenues,  Phjiadelplila,  Pa. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN 


overlooked  until  towards  the  end  of  August; 
they  were  then  brought  up,  a  Jew  strfigs^Uus  roots 
removed,  and  placed  in  the  greenhouse,  wliere 
they  at  once  began  to  grow,  and  without  any 
stimulants  wliatever  they  tlowered  in  November 
and  are  still  in  bloom. 

The  fact  that  the  Royal  Botanical  Society  of 
England  has  considered  the  subject  of  suitable 
boxes  for  transmitting  flowers  by  post  of  suffi- 
cient importance  for  the  deliberation  of  a  special 
committee,  is  an  indication  that  some  means 
have  been  taken  to  remedy  what  has  long  been 
a  standing  complaint  among  those  who  send  and 
receive  flowers  through  the  mails.  That  a  suita- 
ble vehicle  for  transmitting  flowers  and  fruit  by 
post  has  been  a  desideratum  is  an  established 
fact,  as  tiie  rough  usage  to  which  fragile  boxes 
are  sul»Jected  by  post  office  stampers,  will  testify. 
The  society  alluded  to  have  come  to  the  conclu- 
«ion  that  a  tin  bo.x  is  best ;  they  have  awarded  a 
prize  to  a  firm  who  manufacture  tin  bo.xes  for  the 
purpose,  measuring  15  x  9  x  6  inches,  and  sell 
them  at  the  rate  of  $1.87  per  dozen.  The  boxes 
are  said  to  be  provided  with  elastic  straps  for 
keeping  in  position  damp  moss,  in  which  the 
etalks  of  the  flowers  are  inserted.  By  this  plan, 
flowers  may  be  kept  as  fresh  as  gathered  for  a 
couple  of  days  or  longer.  Although  these  boxes 
are  made  to  hold  about  two  pounds  of  cut  flowers, 
we  think  they  could  be  made  for  less  money  in 
this  country. 

Please  scn<l  iis  a  club  of  12  subscribers,  and 
for  it  receive  the  Farm  and  Garden  free  for  3 
years.  ^ 

General  Work  in  the  Garden. 
Though  at  this  season  of  the  year  there  is  little 
or  no  work  of  a  pressing  character  to  be  done,  it 
should  be  remembered  that  a  busy  time  is  com- 
ing; prospectively,  therefore,  every  operation 
that  can  now  be  performed,  should  be  done,  by 
way  of  relieving  the  pressure  of  duties  in  spring. 
Trenching,  digging  and  draining,  can,  of  course, 
•be  done  whenever  the  weather  is  open,  and  so 
can  the  planting  of  shrubs  and  trees,  in  all  but 
the  most  unsuitable  of  soils,  and  when  such  work 
as  this,  through  stress  of  weather  has  to  be  post- 
poned, there  is  In  the  flower  garden,  the  mending 
■of  fences  and  walks,  the  digging  of  gravel,  man- 
ures, soils.  Not  to  mention  the  clearing  out  of 
shrubberies,  lopping  off  irregular  and  dead 
branches  from  trees,  clipping  hedges  and  trim- 
ming into  form  all  shrubs  that  are  required  to 
■develop  evenness  in  outline.  Only  by  thus  seek- 
ing out,  as  it  were,  all  such  Jobs,  and  doing  them 
at  this  comparatively  leisure  period  of  the  year, 
■can  we  hope  to  keep  pace  with  the  work  at  the 
busy  season.  The  preservation  of  neatness  by 
rolling  and  sweeping  both  turf  and  walks,  Is 
about  the  only  routine  duty  at  the  present  time; 
bnt  on  the  due  performance  of  which,  it  need 
hardly  be  added,  depends  so  much  the  real  en- 
joyment of  a  garden,  Get,  as  soon  eis  possible, 
some  manure  prepared,  ready  to  be  applied  to 
the  flower  beds  and  borders,  as  soon  as  spring 
flowering  plants  and  bulbs  are  removed.  There 
will  be  plenty  to  do  in  preparing  stands,  boxes 
and  hanging-baskets,  which  can  readily  be  made 
at  home,  if  economy  is  an  object.  They  may  be 
repainted  and  varnished,  stowing  them  away 
when  dry,  where  they  can  be  kept  free  from  dust. 
Labels  may  be  made  and  painted  if  required  iii 
large  numbers,  otherwise,  they  may  as  well  be 
bought,  as  they  cost  but  about  thirty  cents  per 
hnndred.  Sticks  may  also  be  prepared  of  various 
thicknesses;  paint  them  green,  and  then  dry 
them,  and  tie  them  up  in  bundles  ready  for  use. 
If  you  intend  to  have  some  climbers,  you  can' 
readily  make  some  wire  trellises  for  them  to  gi-ow 
on.  There  are  various  ways  in  which  they  can 
be  made.  About  one  of  the  easiest  is  to  bore 
holes,  six  inches  apart,  through  a  one  inch  square 
stick,  of  tiie  desired  length,  and  pass  galvanized 
wire  through  these  holes  in  snake  form.  Another 
good  way  is  to  take  three  or  four  flower  stakes  ol 
the  same  height,  and  bore  holes  through  them 
with  a  gimlet  the  same  size  as  your  wire,  at,  say 
eight  inches  apart,  beginning  about  two  inches 
Irom  the  upper  end  of  each  stake.  Then  take  a 
piece  of  wire  forty  Inches  long,  and  pass  it 
through  each  upper  hole  of  the  four  stakes  and 
arrange  them  iu  a  circle,  fastening  the  ends  of  the 
wire  together  by  a  twist.  The  wire  to  be  Inserted 
In  the  second  series  of  holes,  should  be  about 
thirty-four  or  thirty-six  inches  long,  and  for  the 
third  and  fourth,  still  less,  so  that  the  circles  or 
hoops  of  wire  will  be  .smaller  below  than  above. 

Tnis  will  make  a  good,  substantial,  portable 
trellis  for  Clematis,  Honeysuckle  and  Cypress 
vines,  and  other  climbers.  This  same  arrange- 
ment, made  of  stouter  wire  and  of  larger  diam- 
eter, makes  a  capital  support  for  Paeonies,  Dah- 
lias, etc.,  if  set  right  over  the  plants  and  the 
branches  fastened  to  it. 

By  the  way,  all  fastening  of  plants  to  stakes 
etc.,  should  be  done  with  thin  galvanized  or  cop- 
per wire. 


THREE  GEMS   FROM    MEXICO. 


By  Jofm  Thorpe,  Qitfriif!,  X,  Y, 
Bessera  EUgans,  MiUa  SifUn-a,  and  Ot/clohothra  P[ava. 

It  seems  so  strange  to  know  how  many  beauti- 
ful plants  are  to  be  found  in  Mexico,  and  yet  so 
few  adorn  our  gardens.  There  are  scores  of  hand- 
some flowering  plants  that  would  sui'cecd  as  well 
in  our  summers  as  do  the  scarlet  and  blue  Sal- 
vias, the  Dahlias — double  and  single,  and  Ag<-ra- 
tums,  that  are  all  Mexican  plants.  We  trust 
now  that  such  direct  communication  is  estab- 
lished between  the  United  States  and  Slexico. 
we  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  many  of  its 
floral  treasures. 

The  gems  we  now  describe  are  comjiaratively 
new  to  cultivators,  but  have  been  known  to  a 
few  for  a  number  of  years,  and  are  all  Mexicans. 
Bessera  Elegans  is  mentioned  by  Paxton  as  early 
as  18;39,  and  what  astonishes  us  Is  that  it  has  not 
been  grown  by  the  thousand.  The  plant  is  bulb- 
ous, the  leaves  are  from  18  inches  to  2  feet  long, 
slender  and  graceful ;  the  flower  spikes  are  from 
20  to  30  Inches  long,  according  to  the  size  of  bulb 
and  vigor  of  plant.  The  flowers  hang  pendant, 
like  so  many  scarlet  bells,  each  of  which  is  lined 
and  striped  with  creamy  white  inside;  the  sta- 
mens are  of  a  purple  blue.  The  combination  is 
at  once  striking  and  eflectlve  beyond  description. 
We  have  counted  .50  flowers  and  buds  on  one 
stem,  and  have  had  strong  bulbs  produce  5  and  7 
spikes. 

Milla  Biflora  is  another  elegant  plant  with 
graceful,  slender,  grass-like  leaves  growing  very 
much  as  does  the  Bessera.   The  flowers  are  borne 


mostly  In  pairs,  but  sometimes  only  singly. 
Then  again,  we  have  frequently  seen  ^  flowers, 
on  one  occasion,  a  stem  with  4  flowers.  They  are 
star-shaped,  about  two  Indies  in  diainelcr.of  the 

fmrest  alabaster  white.  Tlie  jMials  are  thick  and 
eathery  in  texture,  sweet  scciitid,  lasting  for 
days  in  water  iiftir  being  cut.  Flowering  twice 
or  three  times  iVom  strong  bulbs  each  season. 

Cyclobothra  Flava,  is  of  the  richest  golden  yel- 
low.  The  flowers  are  drooping  and  cup-shaped. 
The  inside  of  each  flower  is  furnished  with  nu- 
merous dark-brown  hairs,  giving  a  very  peculiar 
and  marked  expression  difficult  to  describe,  and 
resembling  some  of  tlie  Calochorti,  of  California. 
It  grows  very  freely,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
unique  litllr  jilants  we  know. 

The  culli\iition  of  each  and  all  Is  of  the  most 
simple  description.  Given  a  sunny  position,  a 
rich  soil,  and  planted  about  the  1st  of  May  not 
more  than  three  Inches  deep  and  not  less  than 
two  inches,  the.v  are  certain  to  flower.    They  re- 


quire to  be  taken  up  after  flowering  as  soon  as 
the  foliage  decays  and  stored  in  a  dru  cellar  or 
closet  where  the  temperature  is  kept  at  about 


fifty  degrees,  or  they  may  be  planted  in  pota 
aliout  the  middle  of  June,  plunged  out  of  doors, 
and  brought  into  the  greenhouse  or  window  be- 
fore frost  to  flower  during  November  and  De- 
cember. 

The  very  truthful  illustration  so  beautifully  ex- 
ecuted by  Mr.  Blanc,  gives  a  very  correct  idea  of 
each,  and  of  wliicli  we  are  very  proud. 


YouiHll  need  the  Farm  and  Garden  in  the 
spring,  when  you  begin  to  garden,  and  ail  the 
year,  and  cannot  afford  to  he  without  it.  It  costs 
but  little,  and  is  worth  ten  times  its  cost  to  every 
reader.  Don't  fail  to  send  for  it.  The  sooner 
the  better. 


SUCCESSTOdUR 


DEPARTURE 

'.  SEED  TRADE,  belief  for  the  people. 

■   ;;  AT  WHOLESALE  PRICES.  "IS^Xi^^^ 

ullowiug  unprecedented  offerl 

loiiey,  we  will  sunA  by  ninil  a  box 


THE  \ 
Seeds  at  1 

?-our  door  i .  ,     __  .  .  ^ 
aiii  Oii.uun  h.iiiiv^  free  of  < 

rUn    bU    LIO.  f'ijtainiui!,  llrst,  irpBeket»,on()'eachro"ftb" ,„. 

[■■•w,  Incl.lv  iii,i,ruve,l,  aud  euaranwed  seed»;-I>owln|f's  Improved  Blood 
1  urnlp  lieet,  t.«t  and  tarliest  for  table  use.  Wll«on%  Hlgfily  Improved 
i  1  1!1  *•  V;"  ''"}'}'<^'<^  >"'!  «°<i  ear  'rati  good  for  lat?  Sew  Ooldea 
•.ell.lila..el,ln«r  t elerv,  oscHknt  „,al.,y.  easllj  grown;  nee.ls  do  b.nkin? 
,'';•  *'J'}yy  <Teen  I'rollfle  Cueumber,  best  a3  cucumbers  or  picklei  Nft 
-|lIe""M  l!,"'tn  "ff"rsl:'"r"'  I™;';';.'"i;''j;.'J™'l^'»iid  sweet.  jVew_poldea 


.   .».,.„.   „^„,    ^  u.  11,  ,..  v.... ,1.  V,  1.^1  i_i ,  i,-.-u<ji:i ,  IXU1  sweet.  i\ew  Ivnlnt^n 

.^^Jts^':^l^;^S:^;i.  THE  GREAT  IRON  CLAD 

s^^*WATERIWIEL0N/FU'ofir''^';^-„"'e-Sy-S3 


w.^.t,-.plc7r.ud-TeiicT„:--  New  Sliver  BuirirBll,mV;„i;n:b;"!'°"l! 

r:-,  mild ;  grows  S-pound  omoua  froiu  seed.    Buby  Klnc  Pepper,  lareest. 

it,   eweetest  penpcr  ev.r  seen.    Abbott's  SuKur  Pnranlp,  eriallv  Im. 

■ed  variety,     Ohio  Sweet  Potato  Pumpkin,  enormously  producIi,"e   el- 

■nt  fiuality:  Veppg  all  winter.    Freneh  Breakfast  KadlMb,  best  of  all 

■anv  mdisbi  s.     White  Pineapple  Souash,  extra  quality,  good  for  summer 

IP  winfir.    \ew  Cardinal  Tomato,  larcrst  and  smoothest  of  any,     WhItA 

Munich  Turnip,  best  for  table  USB.     SAMPLE    PACKET    OF 

GOLDEN  BEAUTY  CORN,  most  beautrful  and  nroduetlve  of 

"y  in.'t' ""iry.  Se^nd.  IT  UP  CTP  AV  RCAIITV    "■'■  tarllct 

medlum-sli^e  tuber  of  I  IIC  9  I  KAI  DCAU  I  l>  POVATU 
^_  1     i        ,  .  ,   «  „,„      e^-er  yet  ween :  verv  productive-,  evcelleut  quality,  beautiful  as  an  oil  painting. 

»7  packets  of  seed  and  ij/l  _/-  TWO  eollectionx  for  »1.10.  FOUH  for  flllB  BDnHneiTinU 
"one  whole  potato  for  01/  CTS.  ,a.  ThI.  I»  an  offer  never  made  before.  OUR  rROPOSITION 
to  gladden  the  bear!  and  lin^bten  the  way  of  every  tiller  of  the  soil  and  lover  of  the  beaulilul  baT  me!  with  sJ.T  unhiZde.l  suTc'J! 
that  we  renew  it  wKli  a  more  teniptlnir  offer,  and  ben^  b-f  us  say  we  gr^w  these  seeds  by  the  pound  bv  the  bosh,,l  nml  bv  th«i 
oere.  IS  PACKETS  tllOK'F.ST  Pl.O WER  SEED.*  FOK  SO  CENTS,  one  >Lh^/\^tl„^kun^\lrX,lt^ 
Poi^ulaeeaH,  Phloie^  Pun.K-»,  Verl.e.,n^-all  lines,  .train  and  most  beautiful  colors.  I.orKeDiulSePn^ll.hllM??! 
hock.  New  Uwurf  Marlltold.  extra  lurgedouble  Zlnnln«,  bright  colors.     One  fl„e  ornamental  or„.ri'f,,-„f.„JS 

"tlfal  Everla-tluK  Flower.     IsV.kt./or  80  ctil., /wo  eolTecH^^^ 

ilea 


.■lien,  i.t.-«'   im'Ur 

cllmblne  plant.     ■ -^ ■-— 

are  regular  size,  with  directions  for  cultivating.    Our  beautifully 

lettcra°i''ol''muney  orders  to  Sfll?!  U  EL  iWI  LSUN  ,  UESOWKu, 


"s'l?FI>"''-- — *""-  ?" -'IPJ'-^S  pataloi 


rayficSiliLLtpi^ill^s 


8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


IllYB   SiPOGI^. 


While  grain  is  cheap  and  meal  dear,  feed  the. 
ffrain  and  sell  meat,  Wlirn  t/rain  is  dear  sell  grain. 
Talk  as  little  of  hard  titiirs  as  possible.  Bttsitiess 
will  be  dull,  and  grain  low,  as  long  as  people  stop 
work,  and  lament  hard  times.  Come,  let  us  cheer  up, 
and  push  ahead. 


LEAKS   IN  THE  STABLE. 

-B.v  W.  D.  Boynfoit.  AppMon,  Wis. 

No  man  who  caUs  himself  a  farmer,  or  who 
makes  any  pretensions  to  thrift  and  trood  man- 
agement, would  long  endure  a  leaky  roof  over  his 
Btables.  He  could  not  rest  easy  at  niy:hts  think- 
ing that  his  stock  was  exposed,  and  that  he  was 
suffering  a  loss  in  consequence.  His  economical 
mind  would  be  burdened  with  self-reproaches 
until  those  leaks  were  stopped,  and  his  stock 
a^ain  put  into  thriving  condition.  For  his 
humane  and  economical  action  In  this  respect  all 
honor  is  due. 

Now  how  many  so  called  thrifty,  economical 
farmers  who  would  not,  on  any  account,  suffer  a 
leaky  roof  to  al)ide  on  their  premises,  take  steps 
toward  stopping  those  other  leaks  about  the 
stable  that  are  no  less  important  than  those  of 
the  roof?  A^  far  as  my  observation  goes,  not  one 
farmer  in  a  thousand  worries  about  the  leaks, 
without  number,  tluit  are  in  his  stable .//o</r.  Cer- 
tainly not  one  farmer  in  a  thousand  attempts  to 
stop  such  leaks.  Tons  and  tons  of  valuable 
liquid  fertilizers  are  annually  allowed  to  go  to 
waste  through  thest^  leaks  alone.  Not  only  is  the 
urine,  which  contains  a  large  proportion  of  that 
valuable  ingredient  of  plant-food— ammonia- 
suffered  to  flow  off  unhindered,  but  in  its  course 
it  washes  along  much  of  the  solid  excrement. 
Probably  there  is  no  one  element  that  is  so  gener- 
ally lacking  in  our  soils  as  nitrogen.  And  why? 
Simply  because  wo  allow  it  to  go  to  waste.  It 
cannot  be  held  as  other  ingredients,  such  as 
potash,  and  the  acids  are  lield  in  the  solid  p<)r- 
tions  of  the  manure.  These"  solid  excrements 
will  hold  a  certain  portion  of  this  valuable  ele- 
ment, but  they  cannot  ^hold  their  own,  to  say 
nothing  of  that  coming  from  the  liquid  excre- 
ments. 

Absorbents !  Absorbents !  That  is  what  we 
must  have  In  this  emergency.  Nothing  will 
take  the  place  of  the  absorbent.  We  may  run 
the  liquid  manure  through  gutt*'rs  into  tanks, 
but  even  then  we  lose  a  large  portion  of  the 
ammonia,  unless  absorbents  are  immediately 
supplied,  which  is  not  often  done. 

It  has  been  estimated,  and  f  think  truly,  that  a 
ton  of  liquid  manure,  with  its  washings  from  the 
solid,  is  worth  more  than  a  t<tnof  the  solid  excre- 
ments. It  will  certainly  pay  the  farmer  to  go  to 
considerable  trouble  to  catch  and  hold  this,  and 
thus  double  the  value  of  his  manure  product, 
and  upon  wl^ieh  all  other  i)roducts  depend. 

To  do  this  thoroughly,  the  absorbents  must  be 
applied  daily  in  the  stable,  and  daily  removed  to 
be  replaced  l)y  fresh.  This  will  take  some  extra 
work,  but  what  does  not?  The  lalutr  of  gather- 
ing or  preparing  the  material  for  such  absorbents 
will  be  considerable,  and  it  will  take  <juite  a  few 
minutes  every  day  to  scatter  it  over  the  flor»r, 
and  to  remove  the  same.  Dry  muck  or  earth  is 
no  doubt  the  best  materia!  for  the  purpose,  as  it 
absorbs  freely,  and  retains  tenaciously.  But  if  a 
supply  of  this  has  not  been  provided  in  the  fall, 
chopped  straw,  chaff,  or  any  such  material  will 
go  far  toward  stopping  the  leaks.  A  lean-to  shed 
should  open  off  every  stable;  and  this  should  be 
well  rilled  with  material  for  absorbents  each  fall. 


One  of  our  subscribers  sat/s  in  his  letter  '^hc  dois 
not  see  how  we  can  publish  so  good  a  paper  for  so 
little  mo  net/.' ^  lie  sat/s  " /*<;  can  stand  it  if  ire 
can."      TI'V  can  sttind  it,  let  them  come. 


QUALITY    DEPENDS   UPON  THE    FEED. 

The  quality  of  the  eareas-^  depends  upon  the 
kind  of  feed  given  to  animals  which  are  fatted 
for  the  market:  wliieli  fact  has  been  determined 
by  repeated  experiments  for  that  purpose.  Sonu- 
substances  used  for  feeding  will  fatten  more 
readily  than  others,  while  certain  foods  will  give 
a  qualitji/  of  fat  and  lean  that  cannot  be  derived 
through  any  other  method.'  The  custom  of  feed- 
ing j)ea  meal  and  oil  cake  is  a  growing  one,  and 
gives  excellent  results  in  enabling  the  animals  to 
take  on  fat,  but  the  carcasses  of  tliose  fi'd  in  that 
manner  liave  not  compared  favorably  with  steers 
and  hogs  fed  upon  corn  and  corn  meal  as  an 
additional  ration.  AVe  lately  inspected  thirty 
carcasses  of  the  iH-st  steers  in  the  country,  they 
hanging  side  by  side,  and  it  required  no  expert  to 
easily  sele<'t  the  corn-fed  animals  from  the  others, 
as  the  hard,  solid  fat  was  in  striking  contrast 
with  the  soft  blubber  of  those  of  the  animals 
which  had  been  deprived  of  corn.    If,  however, 


stockmen  are  to  rely  solely  upon  corn,  it  deprives 

them  of  the  valuable  assistance  of  other  foods, 
but  we  think  such  difficulty  may  be  avoided  by 
first  feeding  ttiem  up  to  the  proper  condition 
desired,  using  corn  alone  during  the  latter  por- 
tion of  the  time  of  fattening.  This  rule  is  well 
known  to  those  who  feed  hogs,  the  corn  being 
reserved  for  the  final  i>rocess. 


THE   HORSE   IN   WINTER. 

That  a  horse  which  is  idle  should  not  be  suiv 
supplied  with  a  full  allowance  of  grain  is  an 
impression  that  has  prevailed  for  a  long  time, 
but  on  cold,  stormy  days  the  necessity  for  keep- 
ing up  the  animal  heat  is  very  great.  A  blanket 
does  not  create  warmth,  but  retains  it.  Tlie 
heat  must  come  from  the  food,  and  unless  it 
be  rich  and  concentrated  the  horse  will  shiver 
with  cold,  even  under  a  iieavy  blanket.  While 
it  is,  perhaps,  not  necessary  to  feed  grain  three 
times  a  day  while  hay  is  given  plentifully,  yet  a 
mess  of  corn  meal  and  ground  oats  morning  and 
night  will  prevent  many  disorders  and  diseases 
peculiar  to  winter,  as  the  strength  and  vigor 
being  retained  the  system  can  warm  oft"  the 
attacks  of  colds  and  lung  aflections.  Grain  is 
cheaper  than  medicine  and  tonics,  and  the  horse 
that  passes  through  the  winter  in  good  condition 
will  be  better^  prepared  for  work  when  spring 
opens.  Every  opportunity  that  opens  for  work- 
ing lliem  witli  sleiglis,  or  in  drawing  wood,  or 
other  ni'cessary  work,  should  be  used  to  advan- 
tage, and  such  labor  should  be  shared  among 
them  all.  A  good  box  stall,  warm,  and  well 
littered,  will  enable  the  horses  to  exercise  some- 
what while  in  the  stables,  and  mares  with  colt« 
at  their  sides  should  never  be  confined  in  close 
stalls,  if  bo.x  stalls  can  be  provided. 

FEED   FROSTED  CORN   TO  THE    PIGS. 

Tho  frost  has  done  hut  little  damage  the  past 
season.to  corn,  but  there  were  some  fields  over- i 
taken  by  it  that  had  been  delayed  in  growth  by  i 
drought,  and,  although  such  corn  possesses  but ! 
little  commercial  vaUie,  yet,  It  can  be  rendered  ' 
serviceable  for  hogs.    .Much  frosted  corn  is  wasted 
by  turning  the  hoi^s  into  tin-  liehl.     In  the  winter  | 
season  it  will  be  more  econoniical  to  separate  the 
ears  from  the  stalks  and  throw  It  where  the  hogs 
can   have  free  access  to  It,  leaving  the  fields  of 
stalks  to  be  picked  over  by  the  cows.     Frosted 
corn  is  not  very  good  feeding  for  anything,  but, 
like  other  damaged  food,  can  be  put  to  service, 
provided  something  better  is  fed  with  it.    Corn 
fodder  that  has  been   frosted,  may  be  placed  in 
the  barnyard,  if  prelV-rred,  to  be  trampled   into 
manure,  but  sheep  and  cattle  will  always  find  a 
little  to  eolle<a  from  it,  while  the  corn,  if  placed 
where  the  pigs  can  W4irk  at  it  without  dittieulty, 
will    assist    partially    in    saving    more   valuable 
material.     It  pays  to  gather  the  crops  from  fields 
that  have  been  damaged,  if  for  no  other  purpose 
than  throwing  it   in   the  barnyard,  and  as  the 
work  can  be  done  during  the  cold  season,  it  saves 
the  labor  of  cleaning  the  field  In  the  spring. 


entirely  different.     When    dry    hay  and   other 

provender  is  used,  linseed  meal  assists  in  regula- 
ting the  bowels  as  a  partial  cathartic,  and  should 
therefore  be  used  sparingly  at  first,  beginning 
with  one  gill  a  day  the  first  week,  and  gradually 
increasing  to  a  pint,  which  is  sufficient  if  grain  is 
allowed  ;  cottonseed  meal  is  nourishing  also,  but 

fives  better  effect  when  fed  in  connection  with 
inseed  meal.  If  either  operates  too  freely  as  a 
medicine,  reduce  the  quantity  used.  It  should 
not  be  fed  to  young  stock  of  any  kind. 


STOCK   NOTES. 


YOUNG    LAMBS. 


Voung  lambs  will  come  in  this  month,  but  if 
tiny  are  dropped  in  the  field,  the  chances  are 
that  one  out  of  three  will  be  lost.  Every  ewe 
should  be  cimfined,  if  expected  to  come  in,  with 
a  few  others,  so  as  n<it  to  crowd  them,  and  the 
food  should  be  ground  oats  and  hay.  No  corn  is 
iKeessary,  as  milk  fever  may  occur,  but  warm 
quarters  and  plenty  of  fine  t)edding  are  absolute 
indispensibles.  The  first  hour  ofa  lamb's  exis- 
tence is  the  time  \tt  give  it  the  most  attention. 
If  kept  warm  and  not  allowed  to  chill  it  will  soon 
be  able  to  take  good  cure  of  itself  without  assis- 
tance from  its  owners. 


LINSEED    MEAL  FOR  STOCK. 

Nothing  is  so  ^»iin.l  fur  a  rough  coat  as  the  use 
of  linseed  meal,  or  oil-cake,  at  this  season.  It 
cannot  be  sui)plied  by  cottonseed  meal,  as  the 
effects  on  the  bowels  of  the  two  substances  are 


CurKNiXG. —About  62  degrees  is  the  proper 
tenip'-rature,  but  as  the  milk  may  cool  some- 
what during  the  operation,  commence  at  a 
temperature  of  (If.  If  this  is  not  done  the  churn- 
ing will  require  several  hours,  whereas,  by  the 
use  of  a  thermometer,  and  keeping  the  milk  at 
the  proper  temperature,  tiie  work  may  be  done 
in  a  quarter  of  an  hour.        '  ,      qv 

The  Block  Test.— At  the  Chicago  fat  stock 
show,  the  carcass  that  produced  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  tallow  was  awarded  the  prize,  but 
those  who  witnessed  the  display  of  beef  are  not 
favorable  to  such  methods  of  making  awards. 
The  qufi/ifi/  shouUI  be  considered,  while  the  steer 
tiiat  dressed  tlie  largest  percentage  of  marketable 
beef  should  have  been  the  victor,  as  it  is  in  that 
din-ctir)n  the  production  of  beef  is  tending. 

Twelve  new  Hub^cribers  are  vranted  from  you. 
Write  their  names  on  blank  eDclosed  and  send 
llieiii  ti»  us. 

Pn;s  IN  i'oLn  Storms.— The  supposition  that  a 
pig  can  endure  a-s  much  cold  as  a  horse  or  cow  is 
an  error.  It  may  be  noticed  that  on  very  cold 
days  th»  pigs  will  remain  huddled  together  very 
close,  and  will  often  refuse  food  rather  than 
leave  their  beds.  When  such  is  the  case,  it  is  an 
indication  that  their  quarters  are  not  as  comfor- 
table as  they  should  be.  ana  too  much  soft  bed- 
ding cannot  be  allowed  them.  In  the  morning 
they  should  have  a  warm  mess,  antl  a  liberal 
sprinkling  of  ashes  or  dirt  over  the  floors  will  be 
found  of  assistance  in  absorbing  moisture. 

Knsit.age. —Whatever  objections  may  be  urged 
against  ensilage  by  some,  a  visit  to  those  farms 
ujion  which  it  is  fed  during  the  cold  weather, 
when  nothing  but  the  dry  provender  can  be  had, 
will  convince  any  one  that  even  if  the  ensilage 
was  not  all  ttiat  is  <lnimed  for  it,  the  change  from 
dry  to  succulent  matter  is  gratefully  accepted  by 
the  stock.  It  is  admitted  that  ensilage  is  a  valu- 
able actiuisition.  but,  like  everything  else,  its 
(quality  depends  upon  its  preparation,  and  the 
manner  in  which  it  has  been  preserved.  Inferior 
ensihige,  like  inferior  hay,  will  not  give  satisfac- 
tion. 

Weight  of  Sheei'.— At  several  western  fairs^ 
Oxforddown  rams  were  exhibited  weighing  :iOO 
pounds  for  yearliuKs  and  420  pounds  for  two  year 
olds.  Admitting  that  they  attain  only  one-lialf 
those  weights  with  farmers,  it  requires  but  a 
short  calculation  to  deinor)strate that  if  ourfarm- 
ers  will  give  as  much  attention  to  the  production 
of  mutton  as  they  do  to  the  growing  of  wool, 
usiTit;  the  proper  breeds  for  that  purpose,  siieep 
will  pny  a  naiuisoine  profit.  We  know  of  a  fiock 
of  <)xfords  that  have  never  received  an  ounce  of 
grain,  and  yet,  are  fat  enough  for  market,  the 
weights  ranging  from  150  to  2-iO  pounds,  and  they 
also  produce  a  fair  proportion  of  medium  wool, 
which  more  than  pays  for  their  keep. 

T'siNt;  iMiMtovEii  BxTLi>4.— Can  steers  be  pro- 
duced from  native  cows,  by  the  use  of  improved 
bulls,  that  will  etiual  the  weights  of  pure  bred 
steers,  from  the  first  cross?  Tills  question  was 
an  open  one,  but  at  the  late  fat  stock  show  the 
heaviest  and  largest  animal  on  exhibition  was  a 
cross  of  a  Shorthorn  bull  with  a  native  cow.  In 
ever.v  case  the  grades  from  Hereford  bulls  and 
native  cows  possessed  the  characteristics  ctf  the 
sires,  not  excepting  the  white  face.  The  grades 
eomi)eted  successfully  in  every  case  with  the 
tht>roughbreds,  receiving  many  of  the  most  valu- 
able premiums.  If  our  stockmen  here  in  the 
East,  wlio  fatten  stock  for  market,  would  use 
improved  bulls,  and  keep  their  calves  instead  of 
selling  them  at  an  early  age,  the  raising  of  all 
calves  dropped  would  pay  well. 

HV  would  thank  our  readers  to  n<i7ii€  to  us  in 
t'teir  section  some  one  who  would  act  as  agent  or 
canvass  for  the  Fakm  AND  GARDEN.  We  intend 
to  get  the  largest  circulation  of  any  farm  paper 
pui)Hshed.  XVill  ipin  help  us?  We  shall  make  a 
.tjtecial  ejf'ort  to  increase  our  already  large  circu- 
lation, and  our  friends  are  doing  nobly  for  us. 
Continue  the  ge/od  work  you  are  doing,  and  send 
us  all  the  new  nti/ncs  you  can. 


In  wrltlnfEudt  cHiMerH.  mention  Farm  nnd  Oarden. 


H»F.^°.  GUERNSEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 

Ai...  T  iinicoi  (iiiiuc  I'.ns  and  (jkades. 

Yoiine  Stock  I'-n"  salt-.    s<iiii  stamp  Jmi  Ciitiiloeue. 
T.  WAl.TKll  ifc  SONS,  WKST  CHKSTKR,  Pa. 


REGISTERED  SWiNE 

Thon.ut;!!  l.r.,i  <he»tor   Whiten,   Po- 
land>ChinaK,  -V  Iinpurierl  Itt.-rLMlilre« 

>tami^>  Ht  ul-w  Cata> 

■'est  Chester.  Pa. 


True  pedljcrvf  irivii  "itli  eivry  Huiinnl  s. 
Btwk  only.  Purity  snaranteed.  Souilsl 
lofrne.    O.  U.  U  arrlnirton.  iiox  6H.W 


JCnOLI   I   lErown.V  \Vhlt.-1.ei;h«rTiH.    I      jLlfotl 

Jfrrri  Bn<-/c  I  &  Plymouth  Rock  Fowls  &  taqt.  I   "  ffif/  Erinr- 

ntUOi    I  FARMERS'  PRICES.   I    LATTLL 

.>lortiuier  Whitehead,  Mlddlebush.  New  Jersey. 


J  END  to  KING  &  CO..  Oweeo,  N.Y,.  for  Catalogue 
and   Price-List  of  CUSTOM    HANO-MAOC    HARNtSl. 


Address,  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO.,  Dundee.  Mich. 


^Chesler  White.   Berk-  jyjClQ 
shire  and  Poland  China  X^  A  UTO, 

Flnt-  Sitter  I>w8:m.  Soot^'h  Collleis 
Ko.\  llotindMiiiid  Beuick't*,  Sheep 
ana    Puiiltrv.    iTnl    lUiiI    !ur    sale    by 

,  W.  GIBBON^  «  CO..  Westchester. 

___ '  (  hesiHiConnly.   Pennsylranlft. 

Send   Stamp   for    Circular    and   Price    List. 


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THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN, 


©HE    ©OULJFI^Y   XjA^D. 


EGG    FOOD   AND   CONDITION    POWDERS. 

Those  who  manufacture  egg  foorts  and  condi- 
tion powders  simply  take  advantage  of  their 
knowledge  of  the  fact  that  farmers  and  others  do 
not  feed  their  hens  on  a  variety  of  food,  or, 
rather,  that  even  when  the  fowls  are  liberally  fed 
a  deficiency  exists  of  some  element,  which, 
thougli  apparently  insigniftcant,  may  be  the 
turning  point  l>etwe('n  profit  and  loss.  Hence, 
knftwing  tli;it  linir  is  required  for  the  shell,  they 
use  ground  bone  (phosphate of  lime),  andground 
oyster  shells,  or  chalk  (carbonate  of  lime)  the 
latter  being  added  for  its  lime  alone,  and  the 
former  for  both  lime  and*phosphoric  acid.  As 
but  few  persons  allow  salt  to  poultry,  that  sul> 
stance  is  also  ndil.d,  and  also  iron  in  the  shape  of 
copperas  (sulphate  of  iron),  or  chloride  or  carbon- 
ate of  iron.  The  album. -n  (white)  of  the  egg  is 
provided  for  in  the  shapes  of  ground  meat,  dried 
Dlood,  linseed  meal,  and  sliii>stuff.  which  is  rich 
in  gluten.  The  yolk  the  farmer  himself  sujiplies 
With  corn,  and  it  is  usually  left  out  by  thi-  manu- 
facturers. Then  a  few  ingredients  are  added 
as  tonics,  such  as  ginger,  linsee<l,  and  fenugreek, 
the  lattiT  substance  being  cheap  and  excellent. 
There  is  no  enndition  powder  or  egg  food  to  riutke 
hpns  lay.  The  effect  is  to  supply  some  particu- 
lar want  which  the  farmer  omits,  and  they  are 
compounded  so  as  to  be  efl'ectuai,  for  the  reason 
that  all  the  wants  are  anticipated,  and  therefore, 
if  several  are  useless,  the  others  will  be  just  what 
is  desired.  When  purchased  great  virtues  are 
ascribed  to  them,  while  really  some  article  used 
as  an  ingredient  (ground  bone,  for  instance), 
which  may  be  bought  for  from  three  to  five  ceuts 
per  pound,  may  be  the  active  agent  which  gives 
fiuch  good  results.  As  we  have  repeatedly  given 
formuhis  for  condition  powders  and  egg  foods, 
our  readers  may  make  their  own  at  a  low  cost. 

[This  article  on  egg  food  will  easily  save  you  the 
pri/ic  of  the  paper  for  three  years.  Please  go  to  work 
and  {jet  us  a  club  of  12^  and  we  will  give  you  the 
paprr  fur  three  years  free.  Do  this  quicks  and  oblige 
— ^Kus.J 


punctured  at  dilTerent  places  for  the  hot  air  to 
escape  at  points  desired.  It  is  not  claimed  that 
such  an  arrangement  will  thoroughly  heat  the 
quarters,  but  as  a  temperature  above  the  freezing 
point  is  all  that  is  required,  it  will  be  found  a 
cheap  and  easy  method  of  warming  the  houses. 


MARKETING   EGGS  AND   FOWLS   IN   WINTER. 

Should  eggs  be  sent  to  market  without  being 
surrounded  by  some  substance  a^^  a  packing  tliev 
will  freeze  and  burst  the  shells  should  they  be 
overtaken  by  a  sudden  change  In  the  weather 
from  warm  to  severe  cold.  Oats  are  excellent  for 
this  purpose,  as  they  serve  to  retain  an  even  tem- 
perature during  fluctuations  from  moderate  cold 
to  extremes.  For  certain  markets,  such  as  Phila- 
delphia, the  fowls  are  dry  picked,  undrawn,  and 
retain  the  head  and  legs.  After  i>icking  them 
they  are  plunged  in  cold  water,  there  to  remain 
for  an  hour  or  two,  which  gives  them  a  plump, 
smooth  appearance.  For  some  cities,  however, 
the  fowls  are  picked  by  scalding,  and  drawn, 
which  is  much  the  cleaner  method,  but  large 
numbers  arc  ship^ied  alive  and  in  coops.  ^Should 
they  beshijtped  alive  be  careful  not  to  cover  !hcm, 
as  much  loss  ueeurs  to  them  from  such  source, 
they  not  being  alhfwed  to  eat  or  drink,  owing  to 
the  competition  of  numbers,  while  the  coop 
becomes  very  tilthy,  which  freezes  the  feet,  and 
the  fowls  are  iu  poor  condition  when  sold.  A 
coop  of  excellent  birds  may  be  sent  to  market 
but  owing  to  being  crowded,  and  proper  precau- 
tions not  being  observed  for  their  comfort,  they 
may  not  realize  the  best  prices  to  be  obtained. 
During  this  season,  instead  of  shipping  to  the 
large  cities,  good  markets  will  be  found  in  the 
email  towns,  which,  being  nearer  the  source  of 
supply,  enables  the  shipper  to  save  in  freight 
Whatever  ditTerence  there  may  be  in  prices 


LEGHORNS  AS  WINTER  LAYERS. 

It  is  admitted  by  all  that  the  Leghorns  are  the 
best  layers  of  any  of  the  breeds  of  fowls,  but  the 
main  objections  to  them  are  small  size,  large 
combs,  and  susceptibility  to  injury  from  extreme 
cold.  So  accustomed  are  some  to  the  supposition 
that  "Leghorns  lay  well  when  eggs  are  cheaji, 
but  are  useless  as  winter  layers,"  that  few  have 
taken  the  trouble  upon  themselves  to  be  satisfied 
on  that  point. 

In  order  to  give  the  Leghorns  a  fair  opportunity 
of  redeeming  themselves  from  such  unjust 
charges,  we  have  tried  several  experiments,  be- 
gining  last  winter  and  continued  this  season,  the 
tests  for  the  previous  year,  however,  being  made 
at  our  suggestion  by  an  experienced  poultrj^man. 
The  objection  to  the  size  of  the  Leghorns  is  out  of 
place,  so  far  as  egg  production  is  concerned,  it 
being  of  no  consequence  whether  a  ?;ood  laying 
hen  be  large  or  small,  but  the  advantage,  how- 
ever, of  cost  of  keep  is  in  favor  of  the  small  hen. 
Up  to  the  age  of  six  weeks  no  perceptible  ditler- 
ence  was  noticed  in  the  weight  of  Leghorn  broil- 
ers as  compared  with  those  of  larger  breeds, 
while  the  ditference  in  weight,  at  the  age  of  eight 
weeks,  between  a  Leghorn  broiler  and  a  Brahma 
broiler  was  <»nly  one  ounce,  both  being  treated 
alike  and  fed  on  the  same  food. 

A  flock  of  twenty  white  Leghorn  hens  were 
selected  for  trial  as  winter  layers.  They  were 
provided  with  warm  quarters,  fed  on  food  of  the 
best  quality,  and  all  the  cenditions  for  favorable 
results  complied  with.  A  dust  bath,  scratching 
heap,  pure  water,  gravel,  ground  bone,  oyster 
shells,  and  prot<'rtion  from  cold  were  furnished 
them,  while  the  houses  were  kept  in  the  cleanest 
and  best  possible  «>rder.  During  January  the 
average  number  of  eggs  from  eaeli  hen  was  ±2; 
during  February,  21 ;  during  March,  19;  and  dur- 
ing April,  2;^.  As  the  Leghorns  are  non-sitters, 
there  was  no  disposition  on  their  part  to  sit,  and 
they  continued  to  lay  until  May,  when  the  pn.n 
duction  ceased  for  a  few  weeks  for  recuperation. 
The  weather  opening  tine,  they  were  given  per- 
lei-t  liberty,  and  continued  to  lay  until  they 
moulted  in  the  fall. 

The  present  season  ilitlerent  conditions  have 
been  observed,  one  iloek  (»f  ten  being  allowed  the 
privilege  of  a  yard  facing  the  north,  (which  is 
very  unfavorable),  and  another  floek  confined  In 
a  house  10x10  feet,  which  is  slightly  warmed 
with  a  single  steam  pipe.  The  frequent  visits  of 
the  first  flock  to  the  yards  have  resulted  in  their 
combs  becoming  frozen,  and  they  show  no  dis- 
position to  lay,  while  those  confined  are  laying, 
but  up  to  this  period  sutticient  time  has  noi 
elapsed  to  give  them  a  record.  At  one  portion  of 
the  seas<->n  the  temi>erature  recorded  twenty 
degrees  below  zero,  outside,  though  the  tempera- 
ture inside  was  forty  degrees  above,  owing  to 
the  artificial  heat. 

The  experiments  will  be  further  conducted 
hereafter  by  dubbing  a  fiock.  The  comb  of  the 
Leghorn  is  the  greatest  obstacle  to  winter  laying, 
and  yet,  strange  to  say,  the  breeders  who  make 
the  standard  for  Leghorns  devote  '2&  points  out  of 


a  possible  100  to  the  comb  and  wattles,  while  in 
fact,  the  comb  should  be  sacrificed  for  utility. 
The  experiments  have  demonstrated  that  under 
favorable  conditions  the  Leghorns  make  good 
winter  layers,  and  considering  that  they  lay  a 
large  number  of  eggs  while  so  engaged",  it  will 
pay  at  winter  prices  to  furnish  those  conditions. 


Bkonze  Turkey. 
Bred  by  T.  Walter  i.i:  Son,  West  Cheater,  Pa. 


POULTRY    SCRATCH  I  NGS. 

One  dozen  eggs  now  bring  -^  emis  in  Philadel- 
phia market.  One  dozen  sultserii>ers  lat  2.5  cents 
each)  will  bring  you  the  Faum  axu  Garden 
three  years.    Is  it  worth  the  labor? 


Hatching  This  Month.— Do  not  attempt  the 
hatching  of  such  chicks  as  Polish,  Dorking, 
Black  Spanish,  Hamburgs  or  Houdans  this 
month.  The  best  breeds  now  are  Cochins,  Brah- 
mas,  Plymouth  Rocks,  Langhans  and  Wyan- 
dott«s. 


Leave  out  discussions  about  feather  markmga 
and  rulings  at  poultry  shows,  and  the  Farm  and 
Garden  contains  more  actual  poultry  matter 
than  any  poultry  paper  costing  81.25  a  year. 
Measure  the  type  and  see. 


Indications  of  Roup.— Should  roup  occur  the 
fowls  will  breathe  hoarsely,  a  discharge  flows 
from  the  nostrils,  and  an  intolerable  odor  will  be 
noticed  in  the  poultry  house.  Inject  the  nostrils 
with  a  few  drops  of  a  solutiun  made  by  mixing  a 
teaspoonful  of  carbolic  acid  to  one  quart  of  water, 
and  allow  a  few  drops  to  be  swallowed.  Feed  on 
nutritious  soft  food,  giving  each  fowl  a  spoonful 
of  castor  oil  in  the  food,  at  night,  but  only  once. 
Every  morning,  until  the  fowl  are  better,' repeat 
the  infection,  and  give  a  pill  made  of  three  drops 
coal  oil,  two  drops  tincture  of  iron,  and  five  drops 
paregoric,  mixed  with  bread. 


Pnultrymrnandfvrry  one  interested  in  thr.  subject  wiU 
be  glad  to  know  t/uit  this  month  we  have  exteiuied  the  limits 
of  this  deparfmeiU  to  page  16. 

Every  oiw  who  thinks  the  poultry  page  well  done, please 
.«fnrf«  club  of  12  awl  get  the  paper  without  the  trouble  q/* 
renewing  itfiw  3  years. 


OPEN   SHEDS   FOR    POULTRY. 

Although  a  good  warm  poultry-house  is  one- 
half  the  management,  yet  hens  prefer  a  shed, 
open  to  the  South  on  one  side,  to  closed  quarters 
during  the  day,  though  preferring  the  closed 
quarters  at  night.  As  yards  covered  with  snow 
are  almost  useless  during  the  winter  season,  it 
will  be  found  «)i  great  advantiige  to  have  an  open 
shed,  whicli  serves  the  purpose  of  a  covered  yard, 
thereby  protecting  the  nens  from  dampness  and 
exposure  to  winds.  It  also  serves  as  shade  in 
summer.  A  building  10  feet  wide  andl6  feet  long 
may  be  so  arranged  as  to  have  a  coop  at  one  end 
6  X  10,  leaving  the  remaining  space  10  x  10  for  the 
fowls  to  dust  and  scratch  in.  The  feed,  water, 
and  dust-bath  may  be  under  the  shed,  and  if 
some  kind  of  litter,  such  as  cut  straw,  chafl; 
saw-dust,  or  even  dry  dirt,  be  placed  over  the 
floor,  and  the  hens  compelled  to  scratch  in  the 
litter  for  their  grain  food,  they  will  keep  in  good 
health  and  lay  well.  At  night,  when  in  the 
closed  portion,  they  will  be  but  the  warmer,  as 
the  shed  will  partially  protect  from  winds,  and 
the  enjctymeiit  of  the  open  air  without  exposure 
will  be  found  much  more  favorable  to  them  than 
being  enclosed  entirely. 


HEATING   A    POULTRY    HOUSE. 


A  cheap  method  of  heating  a  poultry  house  is 
to  use  an  ordinary  stove,— a  small  cheap  one  will 
answer,— and  })lace  an  iron  coil  inside  of  it,  one 
end  of  the  coil  to  be  riveted  iiear  the  bottom, 
opening  outside,  while  the  upper  end  of  the  coil 
should  be  riveted  in  the  same  manner  near  the 
top.  Gas  ]^ipe  may  be  attached  to  the  upper  end 
of  the  coil,  and  the  pipe  made  long  enough  to 
rea^'h  to  any  portion  of  the  poultry  house.  The 
cold  air  will  enter  the  coil  at  the  bottom  opening, 
become  honted  inside  the  coil  and  emerge  from 
the  pipe  atfaehed  to  the  upper  end  of  the  coil.  If 
intended  to  beat  m^ire  than  one  apartment,  the 
pipe  leading  through  the  poultry  house  may  be 


FANCY  ?£t^E^"^nn 

M'.-uiiuu  >  arm  aud  GiinleQ. 


D    PET  STOCK    FOR 

.  rir-ireul.irto  J.  K.  KOSS 
Levelf  Warren  Co.*  Ohio. 


T.  WALTER  k  SONS, 

Breeders   aud    ShippiTs    of    i:>Il*_.        _  _ 
CATTLE.    SHEEP,    SWINK.    POM.TKY 
l>OG.S.    Send  stamp  for  fatalogue  and  Prices. 


WEST    CHESTEK, 

—  PENNSYLVANIA.— 

i:>IPKOVKD    STOCK, 


YES.  I  have  one  of  Johnson's  Poultry 
bonks— I  sent  for  it.  I  own  it,  and  1 
read  a  chapter  in  it  every  night  before  I 
go  lo  bed-  My  hens  are  now  the  best  pav- 
ini:  stock  on'  my  farm.  None  are  sick. 
AH  are  laying.  I  liave  made  over  five 
liiiiuired  flollnrs  thus  far,  and  the  bu- 
siii.  -.s  is  just  booniiiie.  I  have  bou£;ht 
up  ilif  morisaL'e  on  my  neighbor's  farm 
;i(i.l  hi-  will  iiiive  to  git.  I  received  all 
mv  inroniiatiiiii  on  poultry  from  the 
I'oiiltrv  B-.nk  sent  ont  by  GEO.  M.  8. 
J0HN80N,  BlKdJiAMTox,  N.  Y.,  tnr  25  cents.  The  <Mie 
chapter,  "Keeping  povUtry  on  a  iar^e  scale."  with  plans 
tor  movable  houses,  is  w<jrlh  S24.19  to  any  man  keeping; 
fowls.    See  my  advertisement  pa^e  18  January  number. 


PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

I  uiTL-r  a  few  Choice  Birds  bred  troni  prize  slock. 
E.  B.  OWENS,  BALTI3IOKE,  I>Id. 

HIGH  CLASS  POULTRY  AND   PIGEONS.     Best  varieties  of 
Fine  Birds  birds  at  moderate  prices.    Sf  lul  stamp  for 
large  illiistraled  circulars.    R.  Vanderhoven,  Rahway,  N.  J. 


The  ponltry  "ads."  in  this  paper  during  three 
years  will  contain  enough  int'orinatlon  to  be 
^vortli  ilie  iroiible  of  eettioK  um  VZ  subscribers. 
You  n'ill  b<-nffit  our  advertisers,  yoursell*  the 

rieopie  whom  you  induce  to  take  the  paper,  and 
astly,  the  publishers  of  this  paper. 


PCDBATORSJ 

^^  thpm.      Send  for  descriptive  ci. 
JOSEPn  I.  BAT£S  <&  CO, 


BATES'  Improved 

are  tho  best.    Bsizes.SlS 

lo  :sioo.    100  to  1000 

ep^rs.  Warranted.  All 

BREKI)EBSof  PmiLTRTUBe 
Send  for  descriptive  circulars  and  testimonials. 
.  . . WEYMOUTH,  MASS. 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0., 


Imported 
^      , ,  .  „  '  .  ,  and  Hunie- 

hredLANCi.SHANS/i'horouithbredWYANDOTTES 
Handsome  Circular  free.   Mention  Farm  anuUarukx. 


The  best  in  America.  The 
finest  strains  ot  this. -omntry 
njiiU'd  Willi  Recent  Importations 
from  .Unjor  Crond,  of  En-land.  Egf,  !4'i,.>0  for  13, 
$4.50  lor  *^ti.  teend  for  circular  of  BKST  Incubator 
and  Brooder.  Add.,J.  L.  Harris,  CInnaminsoa.  N.J. 


LANGSHANS. 


THE   I*EFIFECT 

HATCHER  AND  BROODER 

Isthe  Leafline  niiil  Srniiilniwl  Apparatus  of  the 
»  orld  for  Hali-liiiiK  ami  liaisine  Poultry.    It  is 

siii]]ile  and  eusv  1..  miiiiHi;!'.     Ahschilolv  Reliable,  Per-: 

l.-rtly   sell-remilaling,   iiiiil    iii-v.-r   i;ul<  i,,  luitch.  I 

PERFECT    HATCHER    CO., 

Be  sure  and  mention  thli  paper.  ELMIRA,  N.  Y. 


INCUBATORS^ 


>  TheSWIDfJ'MOOepgs 
tift'il.OO.        Different    sizes. 

„   i„-  —  -- 'Never  fails.    Sent  on  trial. 

C.  VV.  SATIDGE,  23i4  Huntingdon  St.  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


INCUBATORS 

AND    POULTRY   SUPPLIES 

OP  EVERT   DESCRIPTION. 

Mills  for  CTinding  Bones  and  Oyster  Shells,  Imperial 

Egg  Food  for  Fowls,  Drinking  Fountaina,  Feeding 

Trays,  Wire  Netting,  Eg^s  for  Hatching,  &c. 

ALSO    MANUFACTURERS   OP 

ASIATIC    POULTRY    CURE, 

A  SURE  CURE  FOR  Al  L  ERUPTIONS  ON  POULTRY. 

FELZ    <Sc    OO., 

103    S.    Second   St.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 


vv^/^C''V^/^<v^/^/^>^>^y^/^/^/\A>^/v^  A/\ -^ 


Practical  Poultry  Boot 

loo  pagi-s;  beautiful  COLORED 
PLATE;  en^ravinps  of  ni^arly  all 
kinds  of  fowls;  plans  for  pnultry 
houses;  how  to  caponizc;  informa- 
tion aliout  incubaturs.  Descriptions 
of  tlie  breeds,  and  where  to  buy 
them.  Ej^gs  from  Itestslutkat  51.50 
per  sitting.     Bo"k  sent  for  ic  cents, 

ASSOCIATED  FANCIERS 

337  S.  Eighth  St.,  PkUaeUiphJA.     j 


10 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    r^OUSBHOliD. 


SPRING   IS  COMING. 


Mrs.  J.  E.  McC. 


It  used  to  be  an  old  saying  among  lunnoi's 
folks, 

"  On  Candlemas'  day 

Half  your  fuel  and  halt  your  hay." 
But  the  2d  of  February  hardly  seems  mid-winter 
with  us.  We  hope  it  will  not  retjuire  as  much 
fuel  and  hay  until  spring,  as  it  lias  since  cold 
weather  set  in.  Blusti.'ry  Murcii  is  always  wel- 
comed, though  so  rough  itself,  for  it  gives  promise 
of  brighter  days  Just  at  hand. 

Now  is  a  good  time  for  every  house  mother  who 
can,  **  to  take  an  aocount  of  stock  "  for  the  open- 
ing season.  I  know  that  most  of  those  with  little 
children  about  their  feet,  will  say  '*  I  have  hardly 
finished  getting  ready  for  winter."  But  never 
mind  that,  if  the  children  still  are  all  in  the  home- 
nest,  in  fair  health  and  comfort,  you  have  reason 
to  rejoice  above  many  thousands  ol  mothers  in 
our  land. 

Perhaps  a  larger  number  of  liist  year's  suits 
than  usual  will  do  duty  again  this  spring ;  hut  it 
Is  liardly  wortli  sighing  over.  ( >ne  excellent  rule 
to  ma  Ice  things  come  out  evt-n  wlicn  tlie  Income 
Is  cut  short,  is  to  cut  short  tlic  wants.  We  nuist 
learn  to  pass  through  tlio  public  markets  with 
the  feelings  of  the  old  phihisoiiher  who  looked 
about  him  from  side  U>  side  and  said  :—**  How 
many  tilings  there  arc  here  that  I  do  not  want." 

If  a  dress  is  to  be  made  over,  we  can  study  up 
the  possibilities  of  it  better  now  than  In  tlie 
burrying  spring  time.  If  you  must  wear  it,  make 
the  very  best  you  can  of  it.  No  doubt  you  will  be 
surprised  at  the  results.  A  good  material  will 
bear  much  severe  treatment  in  the  way  of  taking 
apart,  sponging  and  turning,  and  a  skillful 
needle-woman  and  a  good  sewing  machine  ran 
make  "a  thing  of  beauty  "  out  of  a  much  frayed 
article.  Tlure  is  a  satisfaction  about  a  success  of 
*,hissort  that  does  not  pertain  to  afine  new  gar- 
ment; just  as  tliere  is  a  hidden  wealth  in  well- 
earned  possessions,  that  never  comes  down  with 
Iniicrited  fortunes. 

A  Iricnd  wltli  a  large  family  said  to  me,  "We 
often  nnike  up  a  great  many  garments  in  the 
winter  evenings,  to  be  worn  in  tiie  spring  and 
eumnicr."  She  had  grown  daugliters  to  lielp  her, 
and  l>y  hergoix!  management  tiie  cliihiren  were 
always  seasonably  and  comfortably  clad,  though 
their  garments  were  plain  and  substantial.  Ft  is 
ft  great  comfort  to  have  even  one  good  suit 
throughout,  for  each  child,  all  in  readiness 
against  a  change  of  weatlK'r,  and  good  manage- 
ment can  often  accomplisli  tliis  with  but  little 
outlay. 

Stockings  are  always  a  serious  question  where 
there  are  many  IKtIe  feet  to  rover.  In  the  old 
days  of  home  knitting  it  was  comparatively  easy, 
for  lew  came  into  ilie  darning  basket  the  first 
season.  Instead  of  much  darning.  I  prefer  to 
knit  new  heels  and  toes  to  even  tine  stockings, 
where  tlicy  arc  wortli  the  trouble.  The  greatest 
dini<-uUy  used  to  be  to  take  up  Ilic  stitches.  Now 
1  make  a  row  of  button-hole  sijtcbes  with  darn- 
ing cotton  where  I  wish  to  cut  oti'  the  lieels,  and 
then  take  up  the  loops  and  knit  them  with  the 
same  cotton.  If  you  chiM)se  to  use  w*H>len  yarn 
it  will  be  still  warmer. 

I\I;ideH)ver  sloekings  answer  very  well  for  the 
little  ones  when  neatly  tittlng.  and  this  is  easy  to 
accomplish  if  you  will  cut  up  an  old  one  f<tr  a 
pattern.  It  is  a  very  cheering  sight  to  any 
mother  to  see  a  good  row  of  these  needfuls  laid 
away  in  a  drawer,  in  gooii  order,  waiting  for 
warm  weather.  So  is  a  pile  of  good  gingham 
aprons,  and  a  row  of  print  dresses  ()n  the  closet 
wall.  Not  in  your  day  or  mine,  shall  we  ever  see 
prints  and  cambrics  at  so  Iowa  price;  ancl  it  is 
worth  much  pinr-hing  and  (-alculating  to  lay  by 
a  goodly  slock  of  hoth  tliesc  and  of  nuisiin, 
bleached  and  unbleached.  Spare  the  taiile  a 
while  and  let  the  money  go  into  the  wardrobe. 
Poubtless,  you  will  have  less  spring  "malaria" 
in  consequence,  and  a  very  cheering  supply  of 
dry  goods. 

It  is  surprising  bow  far  a  little  money  will  go 
now-a-days  in  supplying  many  of  the  common 
wants  of  a  household.  The  main  problem  with 
most,  seems  to  be  to  get  "the  little  monev." 


If  you  wish  to  knot"*  tflujuf  nuythinff,  ask  the 
*^Farm  and  Garden."  It  in  t/tinr  pnj/er  and  we 
want  you  to  profit  by  it.  W'r  >nnit  to  ntn/ce 
it  uaefnl  to  all 

FOOD    HOBBieS. 

Bl/   Olil'r. 

If  we  believed  all  the  food  reports  that  are  put 
afloat  In  the  papers,  I  fear  we  should  be  obliged 
to  starve,  for  fear  of  eating  sonietbing  hurtful. 
Tomatoes  were  found  out  to  Ue  deadly,  a  few 


pears  ago;  an  English  nobleman  will  not  rent  a  j 
foot  of  ground  to  be  plant^-d  in  the  pestiferous  i 
potato;  encumbers  have  always  be^-n  rated  a  lit-  ' 
tie  less  than  striobnii>e  in  poisonous  properties, 
and  so  on  through  the  list  of  ediiiies  on  which 
people  have  lived  and  thrived  since  Noah's  day. 

Volumes  have  been  written  against  "pie,"  in 
all  its  phases.    But  here  comes  one  who  tells  us 
that  Mr.  Emerson  ate  it  all  his  life,  even  at  break- 
fast, and  never  had  dyspepsia.    Yet.  there  is  Mr.  : 
Carlyle  subsisting  on  good  oat  meal,  coarse  flour,  [ 
and  ail  such  healthful   kinds  of  diet,  tortured  [ 
witli  dyspepsia,  and    torturing   everybody  else 
who  eanie  near  him,  unless  their  feelings  were 
ironclad.    Maybe  if  had  tried  Mr.  Emerson's  way  \ 
of  living,  he  might  have  caught  some  of  his  gen- 
tle, lovable  trails,  instead  of  living  the  bear  be  i 
was,  ready,  as  Lowell  says,  "  to  call   down   fire 
from  lieaven  whenever  he  cannot  readily  lay  his  I 
hands  on  the  matcli-box."  ' 

I  have  always  felt  skeptical  about  oats,  except 
for  horses,  and  since  I  learn  that  t'arlyle  used  it, 
I  feel  more  than  ever  opposed  to  it.  I  have  a  ■ 
friend  who  is  always  made  dyspeptic  by  corn 
bread  or  mush,  wiiile  others  And  it  very  health- 
ful. 

It  would  be  better  for  the  health  of  the  world  if 
we  could  abolish  the  food  hobby  so  universal.  If 
each  would  sensibly  settle  on  what  is  good  for 
him,  without  reference  to  other  people,  it  would 
be  a  great  advantage.  What  cannot  be  eaten 
withcuit  bad  etlects  in  earlier  life,  is  often  just  the 
food  that  does  the  most  good  In  later  years. 


Rvory  lionHckeeperniKl  her  ilniiKliterenn  have 
the  l''nriii  niiil  CJnnleii  for  .'{  >ear>*  fri'i*  l>>  •«eiMl- 
inieaciiili  of  1*^  NijhNrribpi'H  ai  'j.l  rent**  cneli. 
<wei  the  Ni'wiiiiE  rircle  to  join. 


THE   HIVE   OF  WISDOM. 


By  L>n*. 

A  few  more  weeks  for  the  boys  and  girls  to  store 
up  knowledge  in  the  long  winterevcninfi:s.  Even 
one  of  these  quiet  hours  each  evening,  if  well  im- 
proved, will  make  a  good  sht»wing  when  summer 
comes.  It  will  be  pleasant  too,  lo  remember;  for 
you  may  lay  up  much  "goodly  and  pleasant 
riches  "  in  this  world,  but  you  will  never  treasure 
up  anytliing  more  prech>us  than  pleasant  mem- 
ories. 

It  seems  a  small   matter,  this  reading  a  few 

Cages  every  day  in  some  solid,  protitable  book; 
ut  that  Is  the  way  the  wisest  minds  have  been 
built  up. 

"  The  tittle  bee  roved  for  an  hour  or  more. 
From  blossom  to  hlossoins  lo  gather  Ills  store, 
'Twas  a  wrp  bli  here  and  a  wee  hit  there, 
TIM  Ills  loud  wiLs  weary  as  he  ciuihl  bear. 
Tilt'  hl<n*.siims  tla*y  wiclierert  ami  paHspd  nwiiy, 
But  tbe  hivt'i;rew  ftiller  ol'sweet  eacli  day."' 

So  It  is  With  our  diligent  reading— boys  and 
girls. 

•■  "Tts  a  wee  hit  there  niid  a  wee  bit  here. 
Bill  the  hive  of  widom  grows  fuller  each  year." 


unlike  any  I  had  seen  at  home.  The  broom  was 
nearly  as  long  as  the  handle,  and  was  of  the 
clumsiest  construction.  It  was  really  a  labor  to 
wield  one.  The  broom  of  the  United  States, 
compared  with  these,  shows  a  long  series  of 
intellectual  development  on  the  idea  of  a  broom 
existing  in  the  normal  state,  as  yet  in  the  French 
brain.  Our  coarsest  brooms  made  for  pavement 
use  are  very  dainty,  fragile  things,  apparently, 
to  the  broom  we  used  for  carpet  sweepLng  in  Nice, 
and  no  other  kind  could  V>e  had. 

Un  conversing  witli  a  maker  of  brooms,  since 
my  return,  I  am  informed  that  most  of  the 
broom  corn  is  brought  from  the  West,  that  the 
coai*sest  is  made  into  what  are  called  tavern 
brooms,  and  the  rest  into  carpet  or  house  brooms. 
Another  maker  had  been  told  to  take  a  cargo  of 
his  brooms  to  Fnance.  and  he  <'ould  make  a 
fortune. 

There  is  not  the  general  use  of  carpet  in  France 
that  there  is  in  the  United  States,  yet  there  many 
places  that  must  be  nicely  swept,  where  a  broom 
would  be  more  eflieient  than  a  brush,  and  It 
would  be  well  to  try  the  eftect  of  our  nicely  made 
brooms.  Tbe  French  broom  corn  iniKhtbe  intro- 
duced here,  and  be  used  for  street  sweeping,  for 
whi<-h  it  would  answer  much  l>etter  than  the 
switch  brooms,  or  splint  brushes  used  in  Phila- 
delphia and  Baltimore. 

.\  small  broom  or  whisk  is  made  in  France 
wliicli.  for  some  purposes,  is  more  convenient 
than  tile  wisk  used  here.  The  handle  is  about  a 
loot  long,  an4  the  wisk  part  about  four  inches  in 
len;;th,  and  set  around  the  handle  like  the  bris. 
ties  in  a  paint  brush.  These  are  used  for  washing 
sinks  and  other  purposes,  for  which  the  long 
liandle  is  convenient. 

Itrooins  are  improving  in  quality  and  variety. 
It  is  possible  to  get  a  light,  fine  bnioni  for  carpet 
j  sweeping,  thougli  there  is  still  room  forafiner 
I  (luality  of  broom  corn,  and  finer  hmoms  for  fine 
carpets  which  are  now  swept  with  stifi  brushes. 
There  might  be  all  gradesol  quality, as  well  as  of 
size,  the  very  coarse  being  used  for  scrubbing 
pavemeiit-s  alone. 

M'f  (jet  very  many  letters  from  subscribers  to 
.irif/  the  ^'Fanti  mid  Garden"  ^'till  forbid  " 
which  we  believf  irif/  tw  a  lotuj  time ;  hence  we  are 
sorry  we  cannot  vtnitply.  We  only  send  the  paper 
for  the  time  ive  ayree  to,  so  do  not  fail  to  renew. 


BROOMS  AND  BROOM  CORN. 

/>*'/    .4, inn    tiiiM'nii. 


While  sojourning  In  Kran<'e  I  Iiad  frequ<'nt 
<iccasi(in  to  n<tticc  the  brooms  In  use  there  for 
floors  and  carpets.  The  broom  corn  of  which 
these  were  made  was  exceedingly  coarse,  being 


In  the  month  of  December  of  last  year,  one 
night  while  milking  our  pc*  Jersey  two-year-old 
heifer,  a  neighbor  whe  had  just  moved  into  the 
place  came  in.  While  discussing  the  merits  of 
dillerent  breeds,  we  remarked  that  we  could 
tuke  a  quart  of  milk  and  show  an  inch  of  cream. 
He  did  not  tell  us  we  lied  but  bis  countenance 
spoke  it  plainly,  In  a  day  or  two  bis  (Uiernseys 
were  driven  in,  not  having  convenience  to  set 
his  milk,  he  brcmght  It  to  our  house.  I  asked 
my  wife  to  set  some  of  the  milk  in  a  common 
tumbler.  She  did  so.  filling  the  tnntblers  just  two 
inches  from  the  bottom.  To  our  great  sun^rise, 
when  the  cream  had  risen.  Just  one  quarter  of 
the  contents  was  nice,  solid  cream.  We  showed 
the  glass  and  contents  to  Mr.  Lee  and  his  face 
showeti  Jis  mncli  snrj)rise  as  it  <iltl  unbelief  be- 
fore. He  seemed  to  think  it  impossible.  Now 
the  object  of  this  communication  is  to  make  the 
inquiry— how  much  or  wliat  part  of  a  flrst-elass 
cow's  milk  should  be  cream,  suppose  the  milk 
to  he  set  in  a  common  quart  measure  or  quart 
glass  jar?  J.J.  Reed, 

January,  1885.    Hannibal  Centre,  Oswego  a).,iNM'. 


SEEDS  GIVEN  AWAY! 

A  PACKAGE  Mix-.l  KL.a.  i  Seeds  1 4w  kiiidsi  with 
Pahks  Fi>orai.  <Jcii»k.  ull  fui  'J  slumps.  Tell  nil  vuin 
fi lends,    (i,    W.    PARK,    Fannettsburc.    Peiiiin. 

fl^"\Vrite  Now.     This   notice  will    unt    appear  atriiin 

Hybrid  CLEMATIS. 

Til.'  iiM.'.t  lleinllilill  ol  nil  IIAKDV  ('M.>lltlN(i 
PLANTS.  SIriiiiK  Hool-i  ■  an  hi  s.tiI  mhIVI)  bv 
liluil.      Si-ritl   lor  01II-   I]]iisli:Ltt'(t   ('atiilnmi<-. 

JOSEPH  KIFT.  West  Chester,  Pa. 

WMai..,i.iiiallyBi»iiiB:aHa.TQ|||V|  C  C  T 
IIm'    IjiMUlifuI    M'/»     IL-.I    iUi-e  OUIvOE    I  • 

Rose  Growers 


BUCH&CO.' 


AND    FLORISTS. 

Klchmont].  Indiana. 

t^'  Send  for  their  beautiful  cuialoirue  fur  is6J.  free. 


M 


3 


13  ETerhloumlnic,    or   13  llnrflj,  or  13 

|<'nmlilnir,or7  Mom  Kohcs.jU  disimtt  s^ns 
ibel'jd.  I'V  luailtocfi.  Many  thou^aiitl^ 
I  Iledding  and  House  Plants  and  Bulbs. 

js.ifc  arrival  and  satisfaction  piiarantecd. 
Jl>.  K.  WoodH  .t  Co..  New  UrightoD,  Pa. 


►  EEDS    ^  ^^^"^^    Cabbage,  ^weet  Corn,   Peaa^ 
' PLAMT1 


SrifJil  \^.n,iji/n^rr,  tern  mi.  »^iji  u,  *  c*™. 
squash.  Turnip,  EnsilKge  Corn,  Fiejd 
I  urn,  Wflconie  Oats,  Seed  Potatoes, 
HthiT  \  t  L-'ti:  I'lt'  ;itid  rii»wfi-  seed,  iiK-lutii  lift  best  iioveliies. 
IIOSKS!  KOSICS!.  Verbenas  in  qimntities.  <'ar- 
iiniioitN,  <;«>viiiiliiiiiN.  firnpe.  Strawberry,  and 
Siimll  Fruit  |*hiiiiH.  wholesaU'uiHl  reiail.  Caialogues 
Free.       ('.  E.  A I^IiEN.  Bruttleboro,  Vermont. 


IHEDINGEE&  CON  ARD  GO'S 

11I;AL'TII-L'I>  EVEU-Bl.OO.mNti 

ROSES 

Our  <<reat  Specialty  is  growing  and  distributing 
IIOSICS— wf  iVliverntrong  Pot  PlantB,  suital>le  tor 
tiH>u"li-i'r  liiunin,  safely  by  mail  at  all  Post  Offices. 
.5  Splendid  Viirieties,  ■i'>urrh..>.r,  all  labeled,  for 
§1;  rit\.rS->;  3.jfor§5;  lOOfor  §12,  Also 

OTHER  VARIETIES  9,^,&  in  FOR  SI 


according  \'i 


rNe«'  tiuidc. 


-     - e,-bpp 

elegantly  ill  us.  and  L^hixinefrom  oTer.^OO  tinesl  sorts 
Address,  THE  DINtJEE  &:  CONARD  CO., 
Rose  Growers,  We.st  <irove,  Cbester  Co.,  Pa» 


EAUTiFUL  ROSES 


R 

■^^^k  iiave  liir)j;c  Oroc'nhou^i-?.  whii;h  I  Jevute  (.-ntirflv  to  the  fiillurL- 
n  ^B  of  thL-  b4.>«t  VRrlctles.  1  Vive  fiOOD  PLAINTS  to  oU  who 
WM^^m  buy  from  me.  As  an  tDduccment,  I  nlll  give  for  50  ct«.  S  of 
^^^^^F  my  bent  new  KoneH  a-^  uauid  In  spacf  A,  or  for  #1.  I  will  .send 
^^^^^  14  K'>-n'-i  (no  two  alike),  lo  inclwtlo  at  U'a.-'t  one  of  the  rosi-s  naiuuii 
iospaceA.  SAFE  ARKITAL  und  foil  eatUfaetlon  teuarantccd, 
and  full  dircctioni  for  eari'  atnl  culniro  with  all  ordtra.  That  you  may  sproail 
thf  knowlvilce  <'f  niv  ofTir-r  aniinit:  lour  frieml.-i.  I  will  Rive  (.'wrr  one  whu  ii  rul'* 
415.00  loracluho'r  five  $1  ^lullvciious  an  extra  ■■■lollur  i:i.lk-<'tion'  FKKK! 
SlihI  PoMtal  Note  or  Stanips  with  (he  ordr-r,  ami  n^V.  for  mv  CutuloiEue 
of    KOHI:h,    ORAPE    VINE8  and    IIAKDV     WllRlTB^.     Ailireris 

W  IVI  •     Da      Kb  bU    OHAMBEUSULTiG.    PKNNA. 


Few  fully  appreciate  the  elegance 
and  cheanties3  of  my  EV  ER- 
BLOOHl.NG  ROSES,  nor  the 

ea.-e  wilh  which  they  ean  Ije  urown. 
I  want  every  one  lo  enjoy  them.    I 


A  ' 


For    25  Centn   I   win 

Q'l  a  (kamplc-   rone— 

1  only,  —Marie  (^uM- 

lott,(purf  whit*-,  jirniiLT 
L^rower;    cw:    heaiitifnl  bmlM.  it 

1  Perlen  I>e«  Jardinn. 
)rii-h  Kol'leu  yellow;  new;  .  a^ily 
k-rown),  or 

1  Compteiw  RIe  Du  Pare, 
(liiiht  Crimson;  very  vii^oroui? 
Kfowth;  free  blooaur).  new. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


II 


Odds  and  Gnds. 


Three  years  ini-lude  36  months.  We  send  this  pa- 
per/or 3H  months  to  every  one  who  will  send  us  a 
<:hib  of  la  yearly  snljsrrihers  <it  ?.5  rents  each. 


A   HELPFUL   BOY. 


A  twelve-year  old  lii>y,  of  Farmington,  Maine, 
•did  all  the  work  of  a  liouse  for  his  sick  mother 
for  five  weeks,  taking  i-are  of  three  little  children, 
all  mere  babies.  He  made  butter,  pies,  biscuit, 
and  cooked  meals  for  a  party  of  threshers  at 
•work  in  the  barn.  His  name  was  Willie  Rad- 
«lifie,  and  he  has  made  it  a  name  to  be  proud  of. 

RAPID    MANUFACTURE. 

Many  years  ago  the  late  .'-tir  John  Throckmor- 
ton sat  down  to  dinner  dressed  in  a  coat  which 
had  belonged  to  a  sheep  in  the  morning.  The 
animal,  or  rather  animals,  one  black  and  one 
■white,  had  been  slieared.  the  wool  washed, 
•carded,  spun,  and  woven  ;  the  cloth  was  scoured, 
fulled,  sheared,  and  dressed,  and  then  by  the 
tailor's  art  made  into  a  coat  between  sunrise  and 
the  hour  of  seven,  when  a  party  sat  down  to 
dinner  with  Sir  John  as  their  chairman,  wearing 
the  product  of  the  active  day. 


A    LITERARY   CURIOSITY. 


I 


THE    MISSING        G." 

The  child  that  begins  to  talk  bv  using  such 
words  as  goin',  seein  ,  eatin';  that  goes  through 
the  primary  and  grammar  schools  ivpherin'  and 
parsin",  and  is  occupied  in  tbt-  Ijiyli' school  com- 
•^osin'  and  translatin',  will  wake  up  some  day  to 
*lnd  himself  a  slave  to  a  habit  of  speech  which 
■will  subject  him  to  a  sensation  of  Inferioritv 
whenever  he  is  among  cultivated  people.  If  he 
tries  to  pick  upa^'g^and  put  it  in  the  right 
place  once,  he  forgets  it  in  the  next,  and  the 
■whole  language  seems  full  of  these  participal 
■endings.    At  two  years  old  it  is  as  easy  to  say 

f:oing  as  goin',  but  when  the  latter  has  been  used 
or  .twenty  years  it  is  hard  to  break  the  habit 
Jr'arents  are  responsible  for  this  slip-shod  ijro- 
nunciation,  and  they  alone  can  prevent  it. 

Josh  Billings  says  he  will  never  purchase 
lottery  tickets  so  long  as  he  can  hire  a  man  to 
lOb  him  at  reasonable  wages. 

When  Berijamin  Franklin  was  first  Postmaster- 
■Oeneral  of  these  colonies,  he  set  out  in  an  old  gig 
to  make  an  official  inspection  of  all  the  princi- 
pal routes.  A  small  folio,  containing  about  three 
guires  of  paper  served  as  his  account  book  for 
two  years. 

Mr,  Beecher  was  once  asked  at  a  pic-nlc  "  wliv 
■  he  did  not  dance?  "  "  There  is  but  one  reason  '" 
he  replied,  "  I  don't  know  how.  All  tlie  dancin- 
I  ever  did  was  when  my  father  furnished  the 
music,  and  used  me  for  the  tlddle.  1  took  all  the 
«teps  then." 

Tonr  !<tate  lias  not  its  slinrr  of  snbNcriliers  to 
this  paper.  Please  do  na(  let  it  be  beliiiiil. 
Notice  our  oiTer  on  pnse  1. 

A  lady  of  New  York,  with  more  leisure  and 
money  than  good  common  sense,  sailed  for 
Pans  to  consult  a  celebrated  dog-doctor  about 
her  poodle's  health.  He  is  sixteen  years  old,  and 
has  a  bad  cough.  She  is  very  anxious  that  he 
shall  live  until  he  is  twenty-tlve.  He  Is  as  u^ly 
as  a  dingy  door-mat. 


Governor  Morgan  was  a  farmer's  boy,  and  thii 
IS  what  he  says  lu  other  working  boys:  "There 
is  not  an  individual  in  the  country  who  began 
earlier,  worked  harder,  and  had  fewer  advanta- 
ges, prior  to  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  if  I  have 
obtained  any  measure  of  succi'ss  in  life  It  is 
•owing  to  the  lialiits  ineuLcated,  discipline'  prac- 
ticed, and  lessons  learned  on  my  father's  farm. 

"What  plant  we  in  this  apple  tree" 
Fruits  that  shall  redden  in  sunny  June 
And  redden  in  tin-  August  noon. 
And  dio|)  wh^^ii  gciitl.^  airs  come  by 
That  fans  the  hlu,-  s,.|,t.nil>ei'  sky,' 
While  children  come  with  cries  of  glee. 
And  seek  tlnjin  where  the  tragrant  grass 
Betrays  their  bed  to  all  that  pass. 

At  the  foot  of  the  apple  tree." 

—Bryant. 

A  Pennsylvania  fanner  once  ob-served  a  large 
bird  fly  up  from  a  lonely  place  in  the  rocks  and 
«oing  tothcsjiot  be  discovered  a  nest  with  two 
large  eggs,  resenihllug  turkeys  eggs.  He  took 
them  home  jind  placed  tlieiu  uiuler  a  setting 
hen.  In  jirocess  of  time  they  were  hatched,  and 
what  was  iiis  surprise  to  find  that  he  owned  two 
young  eagles.  The  hen  mother  was  al,so  suriirlsed 
and  fluttered  about  .so  wildly  tliat  she  trampled 
one  to  death.  The  other  grew  and  thrived,  but 
whether  it  lias  yet  carried  off'  its  foster  mother 
we  are  not  informed. 


•  <J'Ood  Isaac  Hopper,  when  he  met  a  boy  with 
soiled  liands  and  face,  was  wont  to  ask  him  "  if 
he  ever  studied  chemistry. 

Of  course  lie  was  answered  "no,"  with  a  won- 
dering stare. 

"Well  then  I'll  teach  thee  how  to  perform  a 
•chemical  experiment.  Go  home,  take  a  piece  of 
soap  and  put  it  in  water,  and  rub  it  briskly  on 
iny  hands  and  face.  Thou  hast  no  idea  what  a 
hcautitul  froth  it  will  make,  and  how  mu.-h 
whiter  thy  skin  will  In'.  That  is  a  chemical 
experiment.    I  advise  thee  to  try  it." 

It  is  an  excellent  one  for  all  boys  and  girls  to 
try  dally,  once  or  twice  at  least. 


The  following  rather  curious  piece  of  composi- 
tion was  recently  placed  upon  the  blackboard  at 
a  teachers'  institute,  and  a  prize  of  a  Webster's 
Dictionary  oflfered  to  any  person  who  could  read 
it  and  pronounce  ever.v  word  correctly.  The 
book  was  not  carried  ofl',  however,  as  twelve  was 
the  lowest  number  of  mistakes  in  pronunciation 
made: 

"A  sacrilegious  son  of  Belial,  who  suffered 
from  bronchitis,  having  exhausted  his  finances, 
in  order  to  make  good  the  deficit,  resolved  to 
ally  himself  to  a  comely,  lenient,  and  docile  young 
lady  of  the  Malay  or  Caucasian  race.  He  ac- 
cordingly purchased  a  calliope  and  a  coral  neck- 
lace of  a  chameleon  hue,  and  securing  a  suite  of 
rooms  at  a  principal  hfitel,  he  engaged  the  head 
waiter  as  his  coadjutor.  He  then  dispatched  a 
letter  of  the  most  unexceptional  caligraphy  ex- 
tant, inviting  the  young  lady  to  a  matinee.  She 
revolted  at  the  idea,  refused  to  consider  herself 
sacrlficable  to  his  desires,  and  sent  a  polite  note 
of  refusal,  on  receiving  which  he  procured  a  car- 
bine and  bowie  knife,  said  that  he  -would  not 
now  forge  fetters  hymeneal  wit.h  the  queen,  went 
to  an  isolated  spot,  severed  his  Jugular  vein,  and 
discharged  the  contents  of  his  carbine  into  his 
abdomen.  The  debris  was  removed  by  the  coro- 
ner." 

Mistakes  were  made  In  the  following  words, 
of  which  we  give  the  pronunciation  as  near  as 
possible  to  be  given  according  to  Webster.  Sylla- 
bles In  italic  are  the  accented  ones.  TbLi  list  will 
be  valuable  for  reference.— F.  &  Q. 

Sacrilegious  (Sacri/ecgious) ;  Belial  (Beelial) ; 
Bronchitis  (Bron*.i/tis) ;  Exhausted  {Egzhaiestedy 
Finances  (Fih/in/wes) ;  Deficit  (/.ip/icit);  Comely 
lA'itHily)-  Lenient  liccnient) ;  Docile  (/tavile) ; 
Malay  (Mah/«,!/);  Calliope  {Callyeopee) ;  Chame- 
leon (Kamco/eoni ;  Suite  (.S'lcfcO;  Coajutor  (Coea- 
jootor);  Callgraiiby  (VRlir/raty) ;  Matinee  iMateh- 
"";'/);  Sacraflcalile  (.Vocreflzeable) ;  Carbine  iCar- 
bein)-  Hymeneal  (////niencfal) ;  Isolated  (IssolHr- 
ted);  Jugular  (Jewguler);  Debris  (Day6)-ee). 


A  gentleman  once  observed  a  horse  in  New 
York,  standing  just  behind  a  cart  loaded  with 
branches  of  lilac  sprays,  put  down  his  head  again 
and  again,  as  it  smelling  them.  He  did  not 
attempt  to  eat  them,  but  seemed  to  enjoy  their 
fragrance.  Perhaps  it  brought  up  the  memory  of 
brighter  days. 

True  Benevolence.— A  gentleman  gave  a 
large  sum  to  a  solicitor  for  some  kenevolent 
entorprise,  aud  when  the  gratified  agent  thanked 
liim  warmly,  he  remarked,  "perhaps  you  would 
like  to  have  it  published  in  the  papers."  "  To 
be  sure  I  would,"  he  replied.  "What  do  you 
suppose  I  gave  it  for? 

They  are  not  all  that  way.  Henry  F.  Durant, 
who  foiinded  Wellesly  College,  would  not  allow 
a  tablet  witli  his  name  on  it,  or  a  picturs  ol  him- 
self, place<i  on  the  wall.  He  would  not  even 
liave  one  of  the  college  buildings  named  after 
him. 

An  Odd  Witness.— Dogs  have  sometimes  boen 
brought  into  court  to  "testify,"  which  they  did 
in  a  very  convincing  way.  There  is  no  bribing  a 
(log  to  perjure  himself."  But  a  hen  is  a  ratlier 
uncommon  witness.  A  man  proposed  to  prove 
that  his  heighbor  had  stolen  his  hen  by  the  bird 
herself.  She  was  brought  into  the  court  room  to 
the  no  small  amusement  of  those  present,  which 
was  not  diminished  when  her  owner  said: 
"Annie,  sing  for  corn."  Whereupon,  Annie 
struck  up  a  song,  as  well  as  she  knew  how,  and 
was  soon  handed  over  to  her  owner,  amidst  peals 
of  laugliter.  The  kind  hearted  judge  thought  she 
might  perhaps  liare  "strayed  over"  to  the 
premises  of  the  other  man,  so  he  was  acquitted. 


We  earnestly  hope  that  yoiu  will  think  enough  of 
this  paper  to  send  us  a  club.  If  you  hare  already 
done  so  we  thank  you,  and  trust  you  can  find  still  a 
few  more. 


The  great  National  illustrated  week- 
ly for  American  Homes  and  Farms.  It 
is  the  leading  rural  journal  of  the 
world.  It  has  the  largest  circulation 
among  the  best  people.  Ask  them. 
Over  600  contributors.  Over  500 
original  illustrations  yearly.  380  acres 
of  experiment  grounds.  Conducted 
and  owned  by  practical  men.  A  farm, 
garden,  religious,  news,  home  and 
literary  paper,  all  in  one.  It  costs 
more  to  publish  than  any  other  weekly 
journal.  $2,800  in  sterling  presents 
to  be given.TO  SU BSCRI BERS ON LY, 
for  clubs.  Its  Free-Seed  Distributions 
are  world-renowned.  Specimen  cop- 
ies will  explain  all.  Why  not  send  for 
them?  Fine  paper,  16  large  pages, 
$2,00  a  year.  Address  the  RURAL 
NEW-YORKER  34,  Park  Row,  N.  Y. 


NEW  DESIGNS, 

NEW  SCROLL  SAWS. 

NEW  PREMIUM  OFFERS. 

Send  15  cts.  for  Ibis  oew  Cur- 
few Bracket.  Pattern  size, 
10x1!*,  and  a  large  number 
of  uiUiiiture  designs  for 
scnill  Miuing,  or  8«nd  6  eta. 
for  New  Illustrated  Cftla- 
lotcue  ul  t^croll  Saws,  Lathes, 
Fancy  Woods.  Mecbanica' 
Tools,  SMiali  Locks,  Fan<^ 
Hin^es,  and  catches forseroU 
work,  Clock  Movements,  eto. 
Greut  Bargains  in  POCKET 
KNIVES.  Greater  induce- 
ments in  wav  of  premiums, 
etc.,  for  season  of  1884-'85, 
than  ever  before.    Address, 

A.    H.    P03IER0Y, 

216  220  Asylum  St. .  Hartford,  Ct. 


Please  send  iis  a  club  of  ltd  subscribers. 


X'XrEI.SIOR    GRASS    SKED   SOWER-Sows  aU 

•ff  kinds  of  Grass  Sr.-,|.  i  nnihined  Garden  Seed  and 
teriilizer  Drill  Atlariinii-iil  j,i>l  uui.  Spud  fur  crcu- 
larsto     W.  J.  SPALDINf;.  J^uckport.  N.  Y. 


■   ■1  ^^^B     ^B      ^^H  ^^^  ^^^^   witbontreatri^  H  U  H  ^^  H  ^^^^^^k 
^M  ^^  ^H^^     M^l     ^^^H  ^IH  *^^'^°°       planters  for  first  ^BJV    ^|  ^^hH  ^^^  ^^^^ 

UnMr  E^^^  W  lllEa 

^^^^  ^    ^F^     IB  mk             ^^H  SpeclAl  Term*.  U  Age»t«.       ^V       H  ■    ^H  ^^H  ^B^V 
Also  other  Small  Fruits,  and  nil    I   « .  . ,.„.._.,„. ,  T^VV^  .  r™,"^".  ^^^_ 


Also  other  Small  Fruits,  and  all 
old  and  new  varietieM  of 
iirapeN.  Extra  Quality.  War- 
ranted true.  Cheap  by  mail.  Low 
rate  to  dealers.    Agents  wanted. 


General  A^nt  for  the  NEW  WHITE  QIUPE 

NIACARAl 


15f  Ji??**^*'T  STOCK  E» 
A?"'-.'".'  4'„'^'''<'e»  Reduced. 
Illuatrated  Oataloenc  TREE. 

T.S.HUBBARD  ^K''e^'V*Si^ 


pun  NEW  KNIFE  lEXllilE  IT! 

ge  blndc.  extra  siroiier;  *2  pen  blades- 
;  Jl   made   compact  ;  clean   cut; 
tine   cdeew'     Nmnoib     bandle: 
^^ai-raiited  hladew.  ^tnt  post-paid 
for  ^1 .00 :  Nix  fur  !S5.00.    This  is 
Oic  he.st  kniie  for  the  price 
u  I' have  ever  sbown  here. 
Gent's  fine    .'J-blade  pen- 
knife     iSl.OO;     ii-blade 
tack-knife.  50  c.  Ladles' 2- 
)lade.  50c.  Hunting  knife 
■^1.      Pruulng   kulft,  ^1. 
iS-page    list    (Vee;    1^0. 
'How  to  Use  ;,  Rji7;or." 

IVIAHER  &  GROSH, 

7u  Summll  St..  Ttltdo,  0. 


12 


THE  FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


"V^OL.  I"V^-,  Is.  o-  "V^I- 


CONTCNTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER. 

Page  1.— Holsieiu  Bull— Netherland  Prince.  How  to 
Kt'ep  the  Boys  on  tbe  Farm. 

Page  2.— Long  anJ  Rotten  Manure.  How  lo  Make  a 
Cheap  Cistern.  Golden  Opportunities  in 
the  l^omh.    The  Steam  Engine  un  the  Farm. 

Page  3.— Seedlings  and  Xew  Vaiielies.     The  Lawson 

Pear.' 
Page  4.— Cooper's  Market  Apple.    Peach  Yellows.    Ap- 

pVs;    Changes   of  Varieties  by   Soil  and 

Climate. 
Page   5.— The  Le  Conte  Pear.    The  Pear  Blight. 
Page   6. —Our  Flower  Garden. 
Page   7.— Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 
Page  8.-^Leaks  in  the  Stable.    Quality  Depends  Upon 

Feed. 
Page   9.— Egg  Food  and  Condition  Pi»wders.    Marketing 

Eggs   and   Fowls  in   Wiiitfr.     Leghorns  as 

Winter  Layers. 
Page  10.— Spring  is  Coming.    Food  HuUnes     The  Hive 

of  Wisdom. 
Page  11.— Odds  and  aids. 
Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 
Page  13.— Clippings. 
Page  14.— Correspondence. 
Page  I.j.— Now  the  Day.s  are  Longer. 
Page  16.— A  Collection. 


GDIIPOI^IALi    ^OMMENIF. 


We  shall  isxue  a  larf/e  edition  of  our  April  num- 
ber, wh  irfi  will  be  spccifilli/  (U'voted  to  strawberries  and 
Strawherri/  culture.  Wr  br/icve  all  our  old  subscH/j- 
er.s  will  tikf  the  April  tnunher,  and  ur  tdsuknmo  .7Ur 
netr  mibsi-rihers  will.  Wr  shall  Irll  tdl  abofU  how  to 
grow  brrrirs,  how  to  pick,  shifj,  anil  stil.  The  kinds 
to  plant,  varieties,  sort  of  noit  suitfible  for  ber^ries. 
IT  nr  to  prolonij  the  berrf/  season /or  sir  u-cek,H,  irifh 
lar(/c  anil  fine  brrries.  Rest  /rrtilizers,  and  how  to 
apply  thent.  How  to  mulch,  and  hmr  it  a^Tccts  ber- 
ries. Strau-berrj/  rust  an'l  di.srasrs.  Strawbcrr_i/  in- 
sects and  hou^  to  fight  tlinit.  Whether  tft  sft  berries 
in  hills  or  matted  rtnrs.  /'Ywls  abtnd  strawberries. 
We  believe  the  April  uumtier  will  be  ax  n-e  intcutl  to 
make  it,  veri/  jtnjuilar  <fud  valuable.  We  shall  make 
the  berry  number  oraefietd,  ami  as  usual,  to  the 
point;  not  filled  wifh  eh  a  (T,  as  is  now  too  Cffmmon  to 
see  in  sione  /ar>n  Journals.  In  a  word,  we  sh»dl 
make  the  berry  uuinber  } north  to  any  one  more  than 
fi/ull  year's  subscriftfi'oi.  Ordvr  early.  J^end  us 
cixd)8  US /ant  as  possible,  so  j/on  will  not  miss  a  single 
number.  We  are  im-retisinf/  our  eircuUUion  so  fast 
that  wc  cannot  supjtfy  bark  numbers, 

February.  The  days  have  (irown  in  length, 
and  the  fanner's  cares  in  number  and  import- 
ance. The  Inng  ovcninirs  of  Deceniher  and  Janu- 
ary have  not  ix-fii  spent  in  vain.  The  careful 
hu.sbandmjin  has  liarvested  his  annual  corp  of 
knowletli/e  and  stored  it  safely  in  his  memory  for 
future  use.  His  plans  are  well  matured  and 
ready  for  speedy  execution  when  the  time  eomes. 
He  knows  now  exactly  k7i«/  to  plant  and  where  to 
plant  if. 

He  looks  up  his  seed  corn,  sorts  and  tests  it. 

He  carefully  cleans  his  seed  grain,  as  spring 
wheat,  <»ats,  barluy,  etc.,  and  puts  it  safely  away. 

If  his  nci*rhbor  has  better  seed  grain  than  lie 
himself,  he  Ituys  what  lie  needs  and  draws  it  al 
once,  while  the  work  is  less  crowding. 

He  makes  out  a  list  of  the  trees,  grape  vines, 
strawberry  and  rasplterry  and  other  small  fruit 
plants  which  he  Intends  to  set  ovit,  and  orders 
them  without  delay,  and  directly  from  the  near- 
est reliable  nurseryman. 

He  makes  up  his  mind  to  have  a  better  garden 
than  ever  before.  [The  readers  of  The  Fakm 
as:d  Garden  do  not  compel  their  hard  working 
■wives  to  get  along  without  vegetables,  unless 
they  raise  them  thentsdves]. 

He  examines  his  stock  of  garden  seeds,  keeps 
what  is  good  and  reliable  and  throws  away  what 
is  poor;  and  wliat  lie  has  to  buy,  he  orders  at 
once. 

He  makes  and  saves  all  the  manure  he  can. 

He  inspectshis  tools  and  implements,  wjigons, 
harnesses,  ac.,  and  repairs  and  mends  where 
nteded. 

He  takes  good  care  of  his  stock,  and  sees  to  it, 
that  horses  and  i-ows  are  well  sheltered,  fed  well, 
ettrried  well  and  in  proi)er  condition,  the  former 
for  a  good  spring's  work,  and  the  latter  for  a  good 
flow  of  milk. 

He  engages  his  hired  help  in  good  season. 
There  is  choice  now,  later  he  would  have  to  take 
what  is  left. 

He  has  ready  (or  will  have  soont,  a  full  year's 
supply  of  stove  wood,  split  and  corded  up  under 
shelter. 

He  tries  to  interest  his  children  in  his  plans  for 
the  coming  season. 

Also,  to  lighten  his  wife's  burden  by  helping 
her  in  tlu^  house,  particularly  on  churning  and 
washing  days.       ____^__^_^ 

The  Farm  Journal  this  month  says  of  the 
farmer:  They  try  to  make'goin' to  meeting  atone 
for  selling  fifty-nine  pfjunds  of  wheat  on  a  Satur- 
day, for  a  bushel;  or  stuflSng  the  centre  of  the 


barrel  with  wormy  apples,  in  the  middle  of  the 
week."  The  Farm  and  Garden  does  not  believe 
anytliiug  of  the  kind  of  the  farmer.  We  believe 
no  class  of  men  are  more  honest  than  the  farmers, 
or  will  give  more  honest  weight ;  and  we  also 
believe  that  they  are  not  the  hypocrites  to  make 
the  church  alone  for  the  imputed  dishonesty  the 
Farm  Journal  alleges.  We  know  of  no  class  who 
are  as  square  dealers  as  the  farmers,  and  we  say 
it,  and  can  prove  it,  too.  that  the  farmer  docs  not 
pack  wormy  apples  in  the  middle  of  the  barrel; 
but  the  ;\gent  who  buys  the  apples  from  the 
farmer  and  packs  them  himself  usually  does  it, 
and  the  farmer  gets  the  credit  of  it.  The  farmers  ; 
may  be  careless,  but  they  are  h(mest.  That  is 
what  The  Farm  and  Garden  says,  and  we 
believe  it,  too. 


We  have  entered  upon  an  era  of  exceedingly 
low  prices.  But  if  the  farmer  has  to  sell  cheaply, 
he  can  buy  cheaply.  Thousands  of  workingmen 
are  out  of  employment,  and  some  times  they  and 
their  families  do  not  know  w^here  the  next  meal 
is  to  come  from,  while  the  farmer  has  plenty  of 
wlieat,  corn,  potatoes,  pork,  and  lots  of  other 
things.  He  ean  live  without  pinching  himself, 
live  comfortably  and  in  hopes  of  better  times. 
L-^ss  fortunately  situated  is  the  farmer  who  is 
deeply  in  del)f.  The  capitalist  takes  his  six  or 
more  per  cent  whether  produce  is  high  or  low. 
The  lu<-kless  brother  will  find  it  necessary  to  cal- 
eulate  closer  than  ever  before,  curtail  expenses 
and  make  everything  count. 

We  do  not  advise  a  farmer  with  unencumV)ered 
|)roperty  to  sliut  himself  up  like  a  ground  liog  on 
account  of  *'  hard  times.'  Tlie  general  tendency 
of  farmers  to  avoid  every  expense  not  strictly 
necessary,  so  as  to  be  able  to  hold  tlielr  wheat 
and  other  produce  (or  a  rise,  is  one  of  the  fore- 
most causes  of  "hard  times."  When  wheat  — 
higli  or  low— goes  out  of  the  farmer's  hands,  and 
money  comes  in,  he  begins  to  buy  and  thus  sets 
the  wheels  of  business  in  motion  Jigaln.  The 
impetus  must  come  from  or  tlirough  the  farmer. 

We  hardly  expect  to  see  wheat  mucti  higher 
right  away.  If  you  have  a  chance  to  sell  at  the 
present  market  price,  you  will  not  gain  mucli  by 
holding 

Perhaps  yoti  need  a  new  wagon,  a  new  harness, 
or  your  lamlly  a  new  supply  of  clothes,  btiy  wm- 
while  everything  vt  dog  cheap.  Your  land  may 
need  ditching,  yovir  buildings  repairing;  ditch 
and  repair  itow,  while  labor  is  plenty. 

Kvery  d<»Ilar  expended  in  that  way.  helps 
towards  furnishing  labor  to  the  unemployed  and 
bread  to  the  suirering. 

Whni  tliN  pnper  n*>eiU  In  more  of  it<i  friends  fo 
ncl  a<4  aitnii-.  \'«iu  fhink  «*iioii4eli  of  if  to  inke 
it.  niifl  >  oil  huve  inMueiice  rnousli  to  iniliice 
oihci'H  ro  <lo  NO.  We  wiNh  >oii  to  innke  lite  i-llorl. 
it  will  hv  vnt*y  for  you  and  oficrent  service  to  uh. 


That  fancy,  patented,  high-priced  bee-hives  are 
essential  to  success,  or  in  the  least  better  than 
plain  movable  comb-hives. 

That  self-regulating  incubators  need  no  atten- 
tion, or  at  least  but  little. 

That  hens  will  lay  eggs  in  cold  weather,  when 
the  roof  leaks  and  wind  and  snow  blow  through 
the  cracks  of  the  building. 

That  poultry  is  the  most  profitable  stock  when 
left  to  shift  for  themselves. 

Th^it  you  save  money  by  setting  your  hens  late 
in  the  season,  because  eggs  are  cheap  then. 

That  it  is  right  to  forbid  your  children  playing 
checkers  or  other  harmless  games,  occasionally^ 
forgetting  the  old  saying; 

"  All  work  and  no  play 
Makes  Jack  a  dull  boy." 

That  the  country  is  going  to  smash,  because  a» 
Domucrat  will  occupy  the  White'  House  after  4th 
of  March. 


Knfdrcing  the  oleomargeriHe  law  of  New  York, 
proceeds  very  unsatisfactorily,  says  the  Farm 
and  Home.  (Springfield,  Mass.i.  We  are  not 
among  those  farmers  who  had  justly  hoped  to  be 
"benefitted  by  this  law,"  nor  do  we  wonder  at 
the  outcome,  which  we  have  predicted  as  early  as 
July  last. 

Hut  the  law  has  done  what  our  cunning  legisla- 
tors intended  it  should,  it  has  appeased  the  anger 
of  the  butter  prodticer,  that  is  all.  The  oleomar- 
garine men  are  not  hurt.  At  the  present  time, 
farmers  can  hardly  complain  of  the  butter  prices. 
They  are  scarcely  as  low,  proportionat-ely,  as 
other  things. 

On  the  other  hand,  and  in  consideration  of  the 
general  dullness,  and  with  thousands  of  working 
men  unable  to  buy  butter  at  present  prices,  the 
propriety  of  even  the  attempt  to  deprive  them  oi 
.i  cheaper  substitute,  may  well  be  questioned. 

The  laws  sliould  be  such  as  to  enforce  cleanli- 
ness in  the  manufacture  and  honesty  in  the  sale 
of  butter  substitutes. 


Have  you  harvested  your  ice  crop?  If  not.  do 
not  fail  to  embrace  the  next  opportunity.  Get 
the  ice  when  and  where  you  can.  The  colder 
and  therefore  more  solid,  the  better,  of  course; 
but  it's  ice  you  want,  anyway,  no  matter  If  our 
friend  of  the  Firm  J<mrnal  does  say,  that  it's 
temperature  you  want,  not  simply  ice.  A  few 
degrees,  more  or  less,  in  the  own  temjierature  ol 
the  ice,  are  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the 
quantity  of  heat  swallowed  up  in  the  melting 
process.  Not  the  temperature  of  tiie  ice.  but  its 
change  from  the  solid  to  the  liquid  f<>rm,  drawing 
heat  away  from  the  surniundings,  is  what  makes 
it  so  pleasantly  cool,  or  freezes  the  icecream  in 
summer.  Our  intelligent  readers  know  it,  and 
they  know,  too,  that  **  iVs  ice  they  want," 


There  are  about  eight  millions  of  people  en- 
gaged In  agricultural  pursuits  in  this  great  coun- 
try ;  yet,  all  the  agricultural  weeklies  and  month- 
lies, issue  less  thuu  twt>  million  copies  iti  the 
aggregate.  This  shows  that  over  six  millions  of 
farmers  and '*  farm  hands.  *  cither  do  not  read 
agricultural  nnitter  at  all,  or  depend  for  their 
information  on  the  agricultural  column  of  their 
political  weekly. 

Here  we  see  one  cause  of  the  low  average  yield 
of  all  cereals:  want  of  knowledge  and  informa- 
tion and  lack  of  desire  to  obtain  it. 

The  cheap  monthlies  must  be  the  pioneers  and 
missionaries.  Here  is  a  wide  lield  and  plenty  of 
work  for  them.  The  Fak.m  and  GAitnEN,  for 
one,  should  enter  many  of  those  farm  households 
now  found  without  wholesome  agricultural 
reading. 

Will  not  our  friends  and  present  subscribers  do 
a  little missitmary  work  among  their  neighbors? 
Introduce  The  Farm  Axn  (Jarden;  make  the 
old  man  subscribe.  We  will  show  him  how  to 
raise  larger  crops,  do  better  in  future,  and  live 
more  comfortably  hereafter. 


It  Is  hard  to  make  an  old,  poor,  worn-out  seed- 
ling apple  tree  bear  improved  fruit ;  a  single  bud 
or  .scion  inserted  into  a  young  thrifty  one,  will 
give  us  such  a  result  in  a  few  years. 

Reforms  are  more. easily  brought  about  through 
the  cultivation  and  education  of  the  coming  gen- 
eration than  by  preaching  to  the  present  one. 

Temperance  Ajiostles  and  Sunday  School 
organizations  are  well  aware  that  the  future  of 
our  country  belongs  to  those  m  ho  control  the 
children  and  the  schools.  And  they  act  accord- 
ingly, and  properl.v  so,  too.  Parents,  also,  should 
not  lose  sight  of  that  truth.. 


It  is  our  aim  to  be  useful  to  you,  but  do  not 
forget  that  we  can  give  you  a  better  paper  with 
150,000  subscribers  than  with  half  that  num))6ir. 


As  proof  that  plants,  if  well  packed  in  rnoss^ 
can  be  mailed  safely  over  large  distances,  even 
during  our  warm  and  dry  summers,  friend  Wm. 
B.  Reed,  of  this  State,  told  us  that  he  mailed  on 
.Inly  14th.  lsS4.  to  some  parties  in  California,  a 
number  of  Hydrangeas,  Roses,  Begonias  and 
I..antanas,  which  reached  their  destination  on 
the  23d  of  the  same  month,  were  planted  there 
and  grew  right  along,  not  showing  the  least  ill 
effects  of  the  long  voyage.  The  incident  speaks 
well  for  Mr.  Reed's  method  of  packing,  (moss  and 
strawboard  tnbesj,  and  likewise  for  Uncle  Sam's 
mailing  facilities. 


Here  are  some  more  popular  errors  and  pet 
notions.  The  intelligent  reader  does  not  belie vp 
that  wood  ashes  or  linie  mixed  with  hen  manure 
(or  other  stable  dung),  adds  to  Its  value,  unless 
plaster  or  muck  is  largely  added  also. 

That  s<nnethtng  is  apt  to  turn  up,  unless  you 
turn  it  up  yourself. 

That  the  value  of  a  farm  depends  entirely  on 
the  number  of  acres. 
That  orchard  trees  need  no  manuring. 
That  it  is  more  profitable  to  buy  and  plant  old 
I  large  trees,  than  young,  small,  but  thrifty  ones. 
!     That  a  strawberry  which  cost  S2.00  per  dozen 
I  for  plants,  is  always  better  than  owe  costing  50 
I  cents  per  hundred. 


To  do  away  with  the  disadvantages  of  both  the 
commission  plan  of  distributing  seed  among 
country  merchants  and  aVisolute  sales,  Messrs. 
r>.  Landreth  A  Sons,  have  this  year  announced  a 
new  method.  Merchants  who  avail  themselves 
of  it.  are  allowed  to  burn,  at  the  close  ofseason^ 
all  jiapcrs  of  seed  not  sold,  and  Landretbs  will 
furnish  them  the  same  number  of  dated  packets 
of  new  seed  the  folUnvin^i  season.  It  would  seem 
as  though  this  is  a  good  scheme  for  the  buyer, 
the  merchant  and  the  seedsman. 


You  want  a  dozen  or  two  of  early  pullets,  so  av 
to  have  them  commence  laying  next  fall.  This 
month  is  the  time  to  set  one  or  more  hens.  Karly 
pullets  will  pay  you  well  for  all  the  trouble  of 
raising  them. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'3 


(Clippings. 


It  U  our  desire  to  make  these  so  full  and  varied  that  every 
reader  of  The  Fabm  and  Garden,  even  though  he  takes 
no  other  pajjer  ran/eel  ina7}wasiire  aciiuainted  with  all 
the  leading publicatiorts. 


From  ''Cultivator  and  Cynuiiry  (rentleinan."  Atfjant/.  jV.  1'. 
WINTER  TREATMENT  OF  MILCH    COWS. 

The  aim  in  the  treniiuent  of  milch  cows  in  winter, 
should  be  to  continue  Ihe  conditions  of  summer  as 
nearly  as  possible.  This  requires  comfortable  quarters, 
not  only  against  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  but  in 
all  else  that  relates  to  the  well-being  of  the  cow— such  as 
warm  stables,  but  not  too  warm  :  ventilation  to  control 
temperature  and  admit  fresh  air,  but  not  directly  on  the 
animals:  floor  well  littered  with  fine  vegetable  mate- 
rial, to  absorb  fluids  and  odors,  aided  by  plaster,  thus 
securing  a  clean,  dry,  soft  bed  to  lie  and  stand  on  ;  card- 
ing: plenty  of  good  water,  conveniently  obtained:  oc- 
casional out-door  airing  and  exercise,  without  rash  ex- 
posure to  cold  and  wet,  getting  as  much  sunlight  as 
possible,  and  avoiding  great  changes  of  temperature : 
kind  treatment,  making  the  cow  feel  at  home. 

Give  food  to  meet  her  requirements.  If  in  calf,  let  the 
nitrogenous  element  be  well  represented,  and  let  the 
feed  be  largely  of  a  succulent  character,  to  keep  in  line 
with  the  summer  diet,auch  as  roots  o*^  ensilage,  with 
€arly-cul  clover,  well  cured.  Feed  early  ivnd  late,  and  a 
few  times  during  the  day,  keepiue;  the  ccw  mostly  em- 
ployed with  slight  feeds  between  the  two  principal  ni- 
tions,  the  night  serving  tor  the  rest.  Begin  the  winter 
feed  early,  in  order  to  avoid  exposure  to  inclement 
weather,  and  to  realize  a  late  fall  and  early  winter  har- 
vest of  butter,  for  wliich  a  superior  price  is  obtained. 

Just  here  is  a  g'»od  place  to  recall  the  experiment  of 
Professor  Shelton,  of  Kansas  Agricultural  College,  with 
his  ten  steers.  During  the  ten  days  ending  December 
29th  last,  they  gained  an  average  of  31.1  pounds  each, 
■when  well  protected  from  the  weather.  During  the 
next  ten  days  they  were  kept  in  an  open  shed  with  an 
attached  yard,  and  gained  6.6  pounds.  The  same  quan- 
tity and  kind  of  feed  was  consumed  in  each  period. 
During  the  flrst  ten  days  the  wetither  was  mild  and 
eunny,  the  next  ten  days  it  was  extremely  cold. 


We  helievp  in  square  dealing,  so  do  you.  We  work 
to  make  pour  farmpajj  you  and  help  you  all  zve  can. 
Will  you  not  help  usf  We  irant  the  paper  you  take. 
The  "Farm  and  Garden,  (o  hare  the  larr/est  eircu- 
latior^  of  any  paper  in  the  world.  Il>lp  us  by  getting 
up  a  club  of  subscribers  as  large  as  you  caHf  and  we 
will  remember  you. 

CONDITION     POWDER. 

In  answpr  to  an  inquiry  for  a  condition  powder  cost- 
ing about  five  cents  a  pound,  the  St.  L,ouls  Dtniggist  re- 
plies as  follows : — 

A  great  manj'  of  the  condition  powders  in  the  market 
are  composed  chiefly  of  oil  cake,  and,  though  not  injuri- 
ous to  the  stock,  they  are  sold  at  loo  liigh  a  price  for 
a  food  of  the  kind. 

The  following  formula  is  of  a  powder  that  we  have 
sold  for  several  years.  It  always  gave  satisfaction,  and 
can  be  made  at  about  the  price  mentioned,  if  manufac- 
tured in  large  quantities  :— 

Powdered  fenugreek 10  oz. 

Powdered  pot.  bitartrate,       .       .       .       .    10   " 

Powdered  black  antimony 10    " 

Powdered  sulphur 10   " 

Powdered  pot.  nitrate, 10    " 

Powdere<l  gentian, 10   " 

Powdered  ginger, 10   " 

Powdered  resin,.       .       .  ...    10   " 

Powdered  capsicum, 4  dr. 

Jlix  and  run  through  a  drug  mill.  The  dose  is  one 
tablespoonfnl  twice  a  day.    Keep  in  a  tight  can  or  box. 


JProm  "  CYinadian  HorticulturUt."  St.  Oatheriites,  Ont 
HARDY   ROSES. 

The  following  list  of  the  best  hardy  roses  as  continu- 
ous bloomers,  for  out-door  culture,  and  of  the  best  hardy 
roses  adapted  to  general  cultivation,  is  recommended  by 
the  committee  appointed  by  the  Massachusetts  Horti- 
cultural Society  to  prepare  the  same. 

Oontinuoiis  Sloomers—AUred  Colomb.  Annie  Wood, 
Boieldieu,  Caroline  de  Sansal,  Fisher  Holmes,  Francois 
Michelon,  Gen.  Jacqueminot,  Marie  Baumann,  Mme. 
Victor  Verdier,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas,  Pierre  Notting.  Rhv. 
J.  B.  M.  Camra,  Xavier  Olibo,  *Charles  Darwin,  ♦Count- 
ess of  Oxford.  *Dr.  Sewell,  *Marguerite  de  8t.  Amande, 
*Pre3ident  Theirs. 

The  last  five  (marked  with  stars)  are  fine,  constant 
bloomers,  but  liable  to  mildew. 

Hardy  Hoses  for  general  cuWfiioiion— Alfred  Colomb, 
Anna  de  Diesbach,  Annie  Wood,  Baron  de  Bonstetten, 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Charles  Lefevre.  Duke  of  Edin- 
tourgii,  Etienne  Levet,  Fisher  Holmes,  Francois  Miche- 
lon, Gen.  Jacqueminot,  John  Hopper,  Jules  Margolten, 
I^a  Rosiere.  Marie  Baumann,  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Maurice  Bernardin,  Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet,  Mme.  Hipno- 
lyte  Jamain.  Iklme.  Victor  Verdier,  Mons  E.  Y.  Teas, 
Paul  Neyron,Rev.  J.  P  M.  Camni,  Thomas  Mills,  *Loui8 
Van  Houtte.  *Mlle.  Marie  Rady,  *Pierre  Notting. 

The  last  three  (marked  with  stars)  are  difficult  and 
uncertain,  but  so  remarkably  fine  that  the  committee 
could  not  refrain  from  mentioning  them. 

John  B.  Moobe,  Chairman  of  Oommitte. 


Prom '^  Rural  New  Yoi-ker,"  New  York. 

CROSS  fertilizaYion. 


Judge  Parry  planted  some  Bartlett  pear  trees  under 
taller  standard  Kieffers,  so  that  the  pollen  from  the  lat- 
ter might  drop  on  the  pistils  of  the  Barlletts.  The 
Judge  took  this  rather  uncertain  method  of  raising 
hybrid  seed,  But  this  year  he  was  startled  to  observe 
that  some  of  the  Bartlett  pears  in  size  and  shape  and 
time  of  ripening  were  Kieff'ers,  while  in  flavor,  quality 
and  color  they  were  Bartletts  Now  wasn't  it  strange 
that  these  pears  should  have  the  good  qualities  of  both 
parents?  They  were  big,  like  Kieffers,  with  the  delicate 
flavor  and  flesh  quality  of  Bartletis.  If  they  had  kept 
down  to  Bartlett  size  with  the  vile  taste  ot  the  Kieffers 
—that  is,  if  they  had  only  been  a  meaner  Kieffer  instead 
of  an  improved  Bartlett,  it  would  have  shown  what  a 
dangerous  thing  this  cross  fertilization  might  be.  In  the 
same  paper.  The  Rural  New  Yorker,  another  correspond- 
ent shows  a  picture  of  the  shape  Early  Strawberry 
apples  can  assume  when  the  branches  of  the  apple  tree 
grow  toward  the  branches  of  a  pear  tree.  The  apple  is 
fashioned  like  a  Bartlett  pear,  and  the  writer  thought  it 
had  a  "trifle  of  the  Bartlett  flavor."  Now  that  the  be- 
lief in  the  immediate  influence  of  pollen  on  strawberries 
has  become  fashionable,  believers  can  see,  and  taste, 
and  smell  a  great  many  resemblances  that  were  never 
before  dreamed  of.    Brethren,  go  slow. 


from  Cincinnati  "Lancet  and  Critic.'^ 

rough  handling  of  children. 

The  causes  of  joint  diseases  in  childhootl  are  frequently 
obscure,  but  this  much  is  certain,  that  the  rough  hand- 
ling which  children  receive  at  the  hands  of  ignorant 
parents  or  careless  nurses  has  much  to  do  with  the 
matter.  Stand  on  any  street  corner  aiid  notice  how- 
children  are  handled.  Here  comes  a  lady  with  a  three- 
year-old  girl ;  she  is  walking  twice  as  fast  as  she  should, 
and  the  child  is  over-e.xerting  itself  to  keep  pace;  every 
time  the  child  lags  the  mother  gives  it  a  sudden  and 
unexpected  lurch  which  is  enough  to  throw  ilr  shoulder 
out,  to  say  nothing  of  bruising  the  delicate  structures  of 
the  joints;  a  gutter  is  reached;  instead  of  giving  the 
little  toddler  time  toget  ovc  in  its  own  way,  or  properly 
lifting  it.  the  mother  raises  it  trom  the  ground  by  one 
hand,  its  whole  weight  depending  from  one  upper 
extremity,  and  with  a  swing  which  twists  the  child's 
bodysas  fararuuiid  a.s  the  joints  will  |termit,  it  is  landed, 
after  a  course  of  four  or  five  feel  through  the  air,  on  tlie 
other  side. 

Here  is  a  u'nl  twelve  years  old  with  a  baby  ot  a  year  in 
her  arms.  The  bal»e  sits  on  the  girl's  arm  without  sup- 
port to  its  back.  This  would  be  a  hard  enough  position 
to  maintain  were  the  girl  standing  sliU.huishe  is  walk- 
ing rapi'lly.  and  tlie  little  one  has  to  gather  the  entire 
strength  of  its  muscular  system  to  adapt  itself  to  its 
changing  bases  (.f  support,  to  say  noUiing  of  adjusting 
its  little  body  to  sudden  leaps  and  darts  on  the  part  of  its 
wayward  nurse.  Sometimes  duriiii,'  a  sudden  advance 
you  will  see  a  part  of  the  babe  a  fcjot  in  advance  of  its 
head  and  trunk,  which  have  to  be  brorght  up  by  a  pow- 
erful and  sudden  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  trunk  ant! 
neck. 

Probably  not  one  child  in  one  hundred  is  properly 
handled.  

The  names  of  new  subscribers  conie  rolling  in. 
Let  them  came.  Our  old  subscribers  like  to  see  our 
family  of  readers  grow.  We  thank  them  for  thi^i. 
We  are  glad  you/eel  so  well  toward  us. 


NEW   AND  STALE. 


The  famous  Leipsic  Physician,  Professor  Recalm,  in  a 
late  number  of  the  GesundheU,  has  ventured  to  say  a 
good  word  in  behalf  of  newly-baked  bread.  The  major- 
ity of  the  old  people,  dyspeptics  and  hypochondriacs,  he 
observes,  say  that  they  can  only  eat  stale  bread:  they 
find  new  bread  too  indigestible.  The  virtue,  he  tells 
them,  is  not  in  the  staleness  of  the  bread,  but  in  the  carr 
and  thoroughness  with  wliich  they  are  compelled  to 
masticate  it,  on  account  of  its  hardness.  The  tongue  ntit 
only  deceives  the  human  race  in  speaking,  says  the 
learned  physician,  but  is  a  great  deceiver  in  eating.  As 
soon  as  the  tongue  perceives  that  any  morsel  in  our 
mouth  is  soft  and  yieldiug,  we  are  persuaded  that  it  may 
be  safely  swallowed.  No  time  nor  labor  is  spent  in  its 
mastication.  Hence  so  many  people  declare  that  sauer 
kraut,  soft  cakes,  pa^  tlefoie  (7r«.s,eel,and  other  favorite 
delicacies  of  the  Teuton,  dc  not  agree  with  them.  The 
Professor  declares  that  none  of  these  are  actually  indi- 
gestible in  themselves.  As  with  new  bread,  it  is  the  ease 
with  which  they  are  swallowed  which  makes  them  indi- 
gestible. 

Stale  bread  and  hanl  biscuit,  on  the  other  hand,  are 
not  of  themselves  inherently  so  very  digestible  ;  but  they 
give  the  eater  so  much  trouble  to  sotten  them,  that  they 
are  not  swallowed  until  they  have  been  reduced  into  a 
fit  condition  for  that  process.  Hence  the  stomach  has 
not  that  trouble  with  them  which  it  alnmst  invariably 
has  with  the  softer  and  more  delicate  food  which  has 
never  received  more  than  two  or  three  turns  with  the 
teeth.  Rapid  eating  and  insufficient  chewing  are  the 
two  worst  foes  of  the  majority  of  dyspeptics  and  hypo- 
chondriacs, says  our  authority,  and  he  advises  such  per 
sons  to  transfer  t"  their  own  carelessness  and  idleness 
nine-tenths  of  the  blame  which  iliey  are  in  the  habit  of 
laying  upou  their  food  or  upon  their  cook. 


The  Ohio  Faiiner  says  :— "N.  Ohmer,  who  cultivates 
more  Gregg  raspberries  than  any  man  we  know  of, 
pinches  off  the  plant  first  year  when  eight  to  ten  inches 
long;  every  year  after  thai  he  pinches  back  the  tips 
when  the  shoots  are  twenty-one  inches  to  two  feet  high ; 
then  in  the  spring  he  cuts  back  the  lateral  branches 
with  pruning  shears,  leaving  them  one  or  two  feet  long, 
accordnig  to  the  number  and  strength  of  cane.  By  this 
method  he  says  he  never  has  any  trouble  about  break- 
ing down,  and  his  soil  is  as  rich  as  any  soil  need  be." 


Z-  H.  Bailey  in  the '^  American  Cultivator." 

Apples  probably  keep  longer  when  picked  before  they 
are  ripe,  but  such  apples  never  possess  the  rich  flavor  and 
the  crispness  of  fully-matured  fruit.  Sound  apples  do 
not  decay  until  they  are  over-ripe.  An  acetous  fer- 
mentation follows  the  period  ot  ripeness— the  period  of 
the  greatest  development  of  saccharine  matter.  Im- 
mature fruit  ripens  slowly  during  winter,  and  does  not 
soon  reach  the  period  of  decay.  It  never  ripens  fully, 
however,  and  it  is,  therefore,  always  inferior.  It  wilhera 
and  becomes  tough.  While  mature  fruit  will  decay 
sooner  than  immature  fruit,  it  is  nevertheless  much 
more  preferable.  Long-keeping  qualities  are  certainly 
inferior  to  good  eating  qualities.  Any  treatment  which 
retards  the  over-ripening  of  mature  (ruit  in  a  cold  place 
is  the  best  ordinary  preventive  of  decay.  Fruits  which 
are  over-ripe  when  harvested  have  already  entered 
upon  the  period  of  decomposition,  and  they  cannot  be 
expected  to  keep  long.    Therefore,  avoid  the  extremes. 


Mr.  Ohmer.  of  the  Montgomery  County  (Ohio)  Horti- 
cultural Society,  says  it  has  been  ascertained  at  the 
f'olumbus  Experiment  Station  that  the  temperature 
three  inChes  above  the  ground  in  a  strawberry  bed 
mulched  with  straw  is  four  degrees  lower  than  in  one 
not  mulched,  thus  rendering  it  possible  for  every  bud  in 
bloom  in  a  mulched  bed  to  he  killed  during  a  frosty 
night,  while  in  an  adjoining  bed  no^  mulched  they  might 
fscape. 


ire  intend  to  publish  the  BEST  and  CHEAPEST  PA- 
PER in  the  United  States^  and  one  the  farmers  leiU 
hare  every  time. 


Fnmi  "  Pi-airie  Farmer." 

STRAWBERRIES    IN   SOUTHERN    ILLINOIS. 

Last  je:u'  the  favorite  strawberries  at  Anna,  in  South- 
ern Illinois,  were  the  Sucker  Slate  and  Crescent  planted 
together.  The  same  is  true  at  Cobden.  Fr<:»m  these  two 
points  larger  shipments  are  made  of  .strawberries  than 
from  any  other  in  this  State  Growers  at  -Makanda,  in 
this  section,  said  the  Phelps  x.'as  the  best  berry  they  had, 
but  they  also  planted  largely  of  Wilson  and  Downing. 
The  Sharple.ss,  Monarch.  Bidwell.  Ironclad.  Crystal  Cily, 
and  otherVarieties  were  grown  to  some  extent.  This 
year  we  learn  that  blight  or  rust  has  struck  all  save  the 
Sucker  State.  Crescent  and  Bidwell.  J.  B.  Miller,  of 
.\nna.  writes  to  the  Pi-^uit  Grower,  at  that  place,  that 
Wilson,  sharpless  and  Monarch  are  all  gone,  and  the 
Phelps  and  James  badly  damaged.  J.  W.  Fuller,  saya 
Manchester.  Ironclad  and  Crystal  City  are  ruined  but 
the  Bidwell  looks  well,  the  Sucker  State  is  uninjured 
and  the  Crescent  never  looked  better,  the  two  last  being 
full  of  berries.  

From  "^f!rlligan  Ftrmrr,"  Drtruit 

THE    DOLL   INDUSTRY   OF  GERMANY. 

It  requires  almost  consummate  skill  to  make  these 
toys.  Eacli  workman  has  models  at  home,  and  buys 
materials  for  manufacture.  The  skeleton  is  constructed 
out  of  lime  and  plaster  of  Paris,  and  the  e.^es.  no.se, 
mouth  and  ears  cut  with  a  knife.  The  figure  being 
ready  is  dipped  in  hot  wax  and  dried.  It  then  goes  to  the 
hair-dresser  for  a  wig,  and  finally  to  the  work  girls  to  be 
dressed.  The  money  value  of  the  doll  depends  upon  its 
coating  of  wax  :  the  thinly  coated  ones  usually  crack  in 
cold  weather.  The  wax  was  formerly  produced  through 
the  agency  of  the  bee,  but  a  substitute  is  beginning  to  be 
found  in  ozocerite,  or  wax  made  from  the  residue  of 
petroleum, 

China  dolls  are  more  exclusively  the  product  of  the 
factory.  After  being  modeled  by  hand,  they  are  baked 
in  a  great  oven  for  a  week.  During  this  time  the  utmost 
care  and  watchfulness  are  recpiired.  The  lenders  are 
never  permitted  to  sleep.  A  liraught  of  air  will  produce 
disastrous  results.  A  single  oven  contains  5,000  dolls, 
and  thirty  <ivens  are  often  full  at  once  in  one  factory. 
At  the  end  of  the  week  the  dolls  come  out  in  all  condi- 
tions- About  one  in  five  is  perfect.  After  baking,  ihe 
dolls  are  painted  and  glazed.  The  imperfect  ones  are 
separated  by  themselves  and  sold  to  "  fairs"  and  "cheap 
John'"  concerns,  which  dispose  of  them  to  people  who 
infest  such  place.*.  One  German  factory  has  been  run- 
ning almnt  130  years,  and  has  produced  1,000.000,000  dnils. 
Some  of  tin*  manufacturers  are  enormously  rich.  All 
attempts  at  manufacturing  dolls  in  this  country  have 
failed,  owing  to  the  cheap  labcn-  abroad.  Con-iress,  how- 
ever, levies  .15  per  cent,  duty  on  these  toys  (which  make 
women  of  our  girls),  in  expectation  of  future  niainifac- 
ture  here. 

The  dolls  form  a  minature  world  of  inanimate  women, 
since  the  young  ladies  who  play  with  dolls  prefer  young 
lady  dolls. 


14 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


©OI^I^BSPONDBNGB. 


Where  did  vou  get  your  specimen  of  the  Weal- 
thy Applet  t  have  over  40ij  trees  in  bearing,  and 
my  crop  this  year  would  average  more  than /our 
times  the  size  of  your  cut,  which  is  about  the  size 
of  a  good  specimen  of  Whitney's  No.  20  crab. 
You  are  right  in  all  you  say  about  the  Wealthy, 
■which  would  be  a  dimmer  apple  south  of  New 
York  City,  a  fall  apple  in  southern  New  England, 
an  early' ifinter  apple  in  middle  New  England, 
and  a  good  keeper  in  northern  New  England  and 
Canada.  It  keeps  well  until  about  April  Isl 
(Lat.  45°).  T.B.  H. 

In  reply  to  Dr.  Hoskins  we  would  say  we  made 
our  cut  from  an  accurate  description,  and  we  are 
plea.>^ed  to  learn  that  our  description  wa«  so  cor- 
rect tliat  a  wcll-kn<iwn  specialist  in  fruit  like 
Dr.  Hoskins  writes  us  the  above  welcome  letter. 
We  should  have  stated  our  cut  was  one-third  in 
size.  J, 

George  Nell.  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  asks:  l.-The 
proper  name  for  the  "Wash-rag  plant.  2.-The 
time  to  plant  seed,  aud  the  conditions  necessary 
for  growth.  Answer:  li-We  presume  our  corres- 
pondent means  the  "  Dish-rag  "  gourd,  if  so,  it  is 
also  called  the  Egyptian  Lloophar.  2.-Belng  a 
vine  it  should  be  planted  like  any  gourd,  but  as 
it  requires  a  long  season  to  mature  it  should  be 
started  in  a  hot  house,  and  when  the  .sea.son  is 
warm  enough  plant  in  open  ground.  It  Is  a 
curious  plant.  ■ 

George  W.  Crawford,  Lamed,  Kansas,  iusks  how 
to  grind  bonijs  for  farm  use.  There  is  no  quick 
and  <lieap  way  to  grind  bones;  they  may  be  dis- 
solved by  using  oil  of  vitriol.  Taking  tlie  bones 
and  making  a  heap  of  tiiem,  and  milting  tlicni 
with  the  vitriol,  or  by  talking  an  old  barrel  and 
put  the  bones  in  It,  and  add  the  vitriol  to^theni. 
But  it  is  slow  and  a  dangerous  way,  for  the  Vitriol 
often  Imriis  the  i-xpt-rimenter.  8ee  also  answer 
to  another  correspondent  in  this  column. 
+ 

We  wnnt  300.000  xiibscriberg.  I^et  evepy 
frleufl  nfoiirn  nfiul  iih  a  cliih  iif  1'^  anil  \vr  ^rill 
have  tlieni. 

+ 

Aaron  Hart.  Monti<*cllo.  Illinois,  susks,  T.-The 
best  land  for  watermelons.  2.-Is  it  safe  to  plant 
melons  on  land  that  had  melons  on  the  year 
beftu'e.  8, -How  to  make  bone-<lusl  on  the  farm. 
Answer:  l.-Tlie  best  soil  is  a  sandy  loam,  or  a 
flue  sand.  Lantl  that  hius  been  In  grass  the  prev- 
ious yi;ar  will  make  the  healthiest  vines.  2.-Uugs 
are  ver.v  apt  to  be  in  old  land  that  has  grown 
melons',  and  will  often  in.|uro  the  melons  tliat  are 
planted  after  them.  If  there  are  no  lings,  uml  the 
soil  is  kept  loose,  the  melons  will  do  well,  but 
new  soil  is  best.  :i.-You  cannot  make  bomMlust 
on  a  farm.  The  bones  are  so  bard  that  it  requires 
exiK'nsIve  ftiacliiniM'.v  to  grind  them.  You  can 
sol^ten  them  b.v  putting  them  in  a  Iteii  of  fresh 
horse  manure,  and  as  it  beats  it  will  rot  them  in 
a  short  time  so  they  can  be  broken  ;  or  .vou  may 
compost  the  bones  In  wtiod-ashes,  ami  H^ey  will 
slowly  rot.  Eltlier  wa.v  will  make  the  bones  so 
soft  as  to  be  eiusllv  pulverized. 

+ 

J.  J.  Davidson.  Hrjivcr.  l*a.,  asks,  l.-The  host 
season  to  plant  black  walnut.  2.-Best  variety  to 
plant.  ;t.-T)lstanc«'  apart.  -l.-The  time  they  re- 
quire to  mature.  Answer:  l.-The  best  season  to 
plant  is  in  the  tall,  planting  a  walnut,  hull  and 
all,  two  or  tliree  itn-ln-s  (h-ep.  In  a  sandy  soil 
plant  deeper.  2.-Thr  coninion  biaek  walnut  is 
the  best  for  timber.  Tlie  <iuality  ot  tlie  tlinbrr 
depends  upon  tlie  iiualHyol  the  soil  where  Ki"'>wn. 
On  a  sandy  soil  the  walnut  liniln-r  will  be  liard, 
on  a  rieh  prairie  soil  it  will  Ite  soft,  Thv  soil 
makes  the  umber  valuabb',  more  than  the  vari- 
ety. 8.-For  roadside  jtlantint;,  from  twenty  to 
thirty  feet  apart;  and  when  nlanted  In  groves, 
from  eight  to  ten  feet  is  best.  \\'lien  the  trees  are 
a  few  years  old,  eul  out  wiicre  too  tliiek.  Tlie 
trees  cut  out  will  be  \  aluable  for  posts  and  lim- 
ber, and  will  eonstantly  Inerease  in  value.  4.- 
The  time  required  for  maturity  will  vary  with 
the  soil.  In  a  ricli  soil  the  trees  will  be  two  feet. 
or  over,  in  diameter,  in  thirty  years;  in  a  poor 
soil,  it  will  probably  take  fift.v  years.  In  trans- 
planting, do  it  as  early  as  possible  in  the  fall  or 
winter,  and  get  as  mueh  r<)nt  and  as  little  top  as 
possible,  and  you  will  be  quilo  successful. 

You  want  hinUi  on  farming^  not  long-winded  es- 
says. You  know  ftojr  to  farm.  You  want  to  know 
how  to  make  it  pay.  That  is  what  wc  will  do, — show 
how  the  farm  pays. 

.lohn  Day,  Delaware,  asks  how  to  grind  oyster 
shells  for  poultry.  Answer :  Purchase  one  of  the 
man.v  ntills  used  for  that  purpose,  or  scatter  the 
shells  in  the  road  where  the  poultr.v  have  access, 
and  the  Wiigon  wheels  will  pulverize  the  shells 
for  the  poultry. 

4" 

.1.  P.  Johnson,  of  Hamilton  County,  Ohio, 
asks:  1. -What  makes  the  rough  spots  on  apple 
leaves  that  look  like  rust?  2. -Can  the  spots  be 
removed?  3.-Can  silk-growing  be  made  profita- 
ble? Answer:  1.  The  spots  are  caused  uy  the 
growth  of  a  small  plant  that  grows  like  mould 
on  the  leaves.  2. -No  ;  but  can  be  in  a  measure 
prevented  by  the  use  of  lime  or  ashes  in  the 
orchard.  Keep  a  full  supply  of  potash  and  lime 
in  the  soil  and  rust  will  disappear  from  the 
leaves.  3. -That  depends  upon  the  cost  of  labor. 
With  dear  labor,  no ;  with  cheap  labor,  yes. 
Silk  growing  is  on  the  increase  in  this  country, 
and  very  fine  silk  is  grown. 


Wm.  Key,  Toronto,  Canada,  asks  a  cure  for  egg 
bound  hens.  Answer:  Give  the  hens  richer  feed, 
as  scraps  and  olfal,f^nd  not  so  much  grain.  The 
grain  makes  them  fat,  and  weakens  the  organs 
required  in  egg  laying.  Do  not  forget  t<j  give 
them  plenty  of  ground  shells  or  lime. 
+ 

The  streets  of  Jeriimnlein  w^ere  kept  clean  bj 
ever>  man  sweeping  before  his  own  door.  If 
every  HiibNcribtr  to  this  paper  can  induce  the  I'-i 
neishbor.s  nearcNi  his  door  to  take  tlu>  *'  Farm 
and  C*nrdeii.'*  ^ve  will  have  400.000  subscribers 
and  he  cnn  have  the  paper  3  >  ears  for  his  work. 

+ 

Wm.  A.  Brian,  Sussex  County,  Delaware,  asks: 
l.-If  seed  sent  isthe  true  Amber  Sugar  Cane?  2.- 
A  remedy  for  the  cabbage  worm  ?  8.-How  to 
grow  peanuts?  Answer:  l.-The  sample  of  seed 
cane  sent  appears  to  be  the  true  Amber  caue. 
Our  correspondent  will  remember  in  the  prairie 
soil  of  Kansas  the  cane  varies  from  tlie  same 
cane  in  New  Jersey  or  Delaware.  Answers  to 
Nos.  2  and  :i  will  appear  in  their  proper  season, 
March  and  April  numbers. 
+ 

To  Many  Inquirers.  How  to  make  a  cement 
pipe  for  drains.  Take  only  freshl.v  ground 
cement.  Cement  that  is  not  recently  made  and 
fresh,  is  not  reliable  ;  and  take  coarse  sharp  sand, 
1.  c,  sand  that  the  grains  are  not  round  and  water 
worn  like  bejich  sand,  but  sharp,  and  frre  from 
clay,  mi,\ing  the  dry  sand  and  cement  thoroughly 
before  you  wet  it  for  use.  The  proportions  of 
sand  and  cement  vary  in  regard  to  the  kind  of 
work  intended.    In  places  where  there  is  but  lit- 


tle exposure  to  frost  and  rough  usage,  three  or 
four  parts  of  sand  may  be  used  to  one  of  cement ; 
but  where  it  Is  much  exposed,  use  equal  quanti- 
ties of  sand  and  cement.  A  drain  from  the 
kitchen  sliould  be  laid  at  least  as  deep  as  the 
ground  freezes,  or  deeper.  Lay  the  bottom  of  the 
drain  with  stones,  and  take  a  smootli  round  iron 
pipe  the  size  of  the  drain,  and  place  it  on  the 
brojvcn  stones  in  the  bottom  of  the  drain,  cover  it 
with  broken  stones,  wet  your  sand  and  cement, 
and  dash  it  on  the  stones.  The  sand  and  cement 
should  be  wet  quickly  (for  it  soon  hardens),  and 
dash  in  on  .stones  in  the  drain.  The  cement 
should  be  well  wet  and  soft,  that  it  will  fill  all 
spaces  between  the  stones.  As  soon  as  set  slowly 
move  the  pipe  along,  and  begin  as  before.  If  the 
work  is  well  done,  a  goud  :u»l  rbcap  dr.-iin  will  be 
made.  A  drain  from  a  kitili.n  sliould  be  at.  least 
three  inches  in  diameter,  as  smaller  ones  soon 
All.  Lay  your  drain  straight,  that  you  can  use  a 
rod  in  cleaning  The  secrets  are:  fresh  cement, 
sharp  sand,  and  quick  work. 

4* 

J.  B.  H.,  Trenton,  Minnesota,  asks  what  black- 
berr.v  shall  we  plant  in  Minnesota.  Answer:  The 
Snyder.  There  are  larger  berries,  but  the  Snyder 
is  the  hardiest  blackberry,  and  seldom  winter 
kills.  There  are  other  and  better  berries,  but 
they  are  too  tender  for  you.  Stone's  earl.v  could 
also  safely  be  tried. 

4- 
Every  number  of  The   Farm  and    Garden  is 
edited  hy  a practix-al  farmer,  ivlioptows  his  own  land 
and  knows  what  work  is.    Our  paper  is  a  farmers^ 
paper. 


Surveyor    Boy 
and  President. 


WASHINGTON, 


T  o  u  n  K   Peo* 

EUV  Life  of 
•  vorfcv  n'lifih- 
I  n  St  o  n  ,  Hot- 
hood.  V  o  u  tn, 
.Manhood, 
I'cuth.  Ilonom 
I  'V  U  llUum  M. 
'1  liuycr,  nlth 
Kubiijtf  t'<  4>en> 
e  rul  Henry 
Leel4«H  |.<.l'.-. 

i-|(>(r:tiirlv  bound 
In  cloth  »ihI 
i;oId.  Every 
Amerleun, 
old  or  younB, 
sti.'iilil  luxtuiio  tn- 
nillhir  nith  the 
Lllf  of  Wft.hing- 
toit  It  will  con> 
flrm  their  pa- 
triot I  h  ni  I'Tll 
H  t  r  f  n  IT  th  r  n 
thvlr  lo.i  HlI.^ . 
Sif  !i  :»  charne- 
ter  "ill  h,.-..nu- 
ail  InMpirntlon 
to  them,  eilef- 
tlns  nobler 
alniA  an.i  Imnelltns  'o  noMep  deed*.  Pri.-v  hv  mail,  puKt- 
paM.  4^1.00.  >.ii.l  ^:,.l^.■^  ..flr,  i— t.d  n.-te:  or  ^l(»iii[.s  In 
rt^Ntered  Iter.  OKUKK  \o\V,  and  mention  thin 
paper.    Addn.^  FRANKLIN  NEWS  CO..  Pblladelplila.  Pa. 


ALL  GIVEN  AWAY! 

3  GOLD  WATCHES, 

4  Parisian  Dolls, 

35  New  Dresses,  Ac. 

The  putiliihers  of  "Happy  PavB,"  the 
new  ifip.  lUusUaled  p!v|irr  for  ite  Bojs 
anil  Girls  of  A  mt- rii  i»,  deilrins  H  Introduce 
Ibcir  pat>erlDto  ev<-rv  hmie,  niak«the  fol- 
low ing  liberal  oflert  TheBoyorGirl 
lellioguathe  numl't^r  of  Chapters  in  the 
Bible,  before  Feh.  Isi,  )«.S5.  will  recetve  m. 
Solid  Gold,  Lndy'it  Stem-Wlnd- 
IniT  Wuteh.  If  ihi-rebe  moretiianone 
n  if(r>  I  aij-iN rr  the  sevond  will  receive* 
Itn.v'p  (*(>lld  Gold  Ker-WIndlnr 
Wateh;  the  third,  a  &olld  Gold 
Sm  Uh  Wateh.  Watches  forwarded  to 
«  iiiners  Ft-li.  6ih.  E^'h  perspn  competing 
wiii.t  wnd  V5  c^nta  with  their  answer,  for 
vs  \,u  h  tti-'V  will  receive  ft  monthR  sub* 
txrlptloii  t"  Hiippv  Days,  and  4  love- 
ly PurNlan  I>olI*  CS^'irls,  I  boy  and 
:v  t.,%livdnll),  with  life. tike  beautiful  fea- 
tnr<-s,'banL'sand  cur\s.  and  blue  and  dark 
e\<!.  Wuhtbh  dolls  we  will  seod  acawe 
of  85  Fawhlonuble  ItreHKee*  hats, 
lu'ii*-",  Kvi-iiitibr  PreKM-h,  A. ..  ni:\iie  in  nine 
ndesiens  by  U'orth,  ol'  I'ariK.  and  very  beau- 
tiful. We  want  iwbscribers  for  our  charniinp  mairtijine.andhave  de- 
cided to  let  our  friends  posse'^s  a  lovely  box  oI'duIN  with  their 
outfits  and  8  cold  watcher  free,  n  thcv  «iil  stcd  25c  (stamps 
or  silver)  to  help  pav  for  thi«!i<lvL  and  the  bare  .owt  of  mailing  you 
the  papers  months.'  Puba.  Happy  Days*  Hartford,  Conn. 


P.ira«i/.l(s  Tmv.lintr  Cm 
color»,  tnanyof  thei 


A  $40 


TWENTY-SIX  SHOT  ITftD  ^f^ 
REPEATING  CUN     If  IXtl  %^lZi 

LENGTH  OF  BARREL  22  TO  23  INCHES. 
SHOOTS    ACCURATELY    UP   TO    1200   YARDS. 

GOOD    WITH  SHOT  JlT  100  YARDS. 

EVANS'  26-SHOT  SPORTING  MAGAZINE  GUN 

SHOOTS  TWE>STY-SIX  SHOTS  IP*  SIXTY  SECONDS, 

With  Either  Ball  or  Shot  CnrtrldBc,  IVIlhout  RpiuotIiik  from  the  $hoH4der. 

It  is  the  Best  Gun  in  the  World  E2:dVn7tUrir.«a£mTj.r"Si'ot'^'l?a5;! 

NO  HAMMER  IN  THE  WAY.   THROWING  DOWN  THE  GUARO  EJECTS.  LOADS  AND  COCKS. 

ThR  Evftns  Is  wlihnnt  exception  tho  most  nrcurnle*  loneept  rang(»d  easiest  loadi-ii.  qnlrkoot  fired,  bestcnn* 
Btriictf.l    M.i.pUeet  ami  in..st  p.-rtecf  bi.'.-m  loading  t;Nii  iti  the  \v(.rld       It  l«  44  oallbr4>.  mitre  lire,  2»  to  28 
Incb  tinrrel*  Etigiaved  BUck  Walmutitock,  aud  sighted  wltb  gradQated  slgbts  up  tu  lliuo  yards. 
Good  for  all  Lnr^P  Game  1   QAA     XTntt/^c*    I   Good  for  all  Ninnll  Game  1  AA    TTn^Aa 
Wltb  Ball  Cartridge  at     1)«IIU      J-arUS   |     wltliSbot  Cartrldso  at     lUU     XOrrCLa* 

WHAT  IS  SAID   OF    THE   EVANS.- UNSOLICITED  TESTIMONIALS. 

"The  EvaiiB  haa  been  my  constant  com 'inn  Ion  for  two  yearB,  I  have  shot  Sixty  BnfTnloes  at  a  rnn,  and  pennled  from 
bftivi  .-n  my  wiles  flugers  at  A-''  paces." — Kit  CarRoii,  ilr,  *'  1  havd  used  the  Evau^la  i  cnipuiltion  with  the  Sharp, 
WlmTi«ster  and  Ballard,  It  beats  tbem  all."— J.  Fruuk.  Locke,  Burn  hams  vl  lie,  Mlno.  "It  BhtmiM  like  a  housu  a  6re  I  X 
can  cluau  out  a  whole  band  of  Indiana  alone  Mlth  It.  I  nball  recommend  them  wherever  I  t;u," — Tex  on  Jnck.  "Ic 
Ih  I  be  strongest  <-hooilng  gun  I  eier  put  t^  my  eh'nildf-r,  and  as  for  accuracy  It  can't  be  beat.  1  kuow  it  to  be  the  beet 
pun  lo  the  market."— J.  A.  Bovd.  .'f  Yates  simrpfthionTs.  This  RppeatlDK  Gun  Is  superior  to  all  otbers* 
Tor  iiy  the  use  of  new^  patenta  It  can  he  used  for  all  kinds  of  game,  large  or  small,  and  puts 
douUlo  barrel  guna  ^^a.T  out  of  si  Kb  t  for  quirk  and  elfertlve  Hhootlng.  Wegiunttntee  evt^ry  gun 
perle.  tin  every  reBv-ect,  We  will  hell  i  tils  splendid  repeat  luc  gun  23  Inch  htirrel  Jnr  $  I2.00.  "r  th"  £8  luch  barrel  for 
S  14.00  if  ordered  before  APRIL  1st.  Whep  tbls  lot  l3  s.'id  they  rauni>t  be  bought  for  less  thiin  $30  or  $*oeach. 
Dmi't  mlBs  this  chance  but  buy  the  gun  at  once.  Cut  tbl»  Out  and  nieotlon  thia  paper  when  you  order,  as  thlB 
idvertlsement  will  not  appear  again.  We  will  aend  the  gun  C.  O.  D  ,  If  you  send  $4.0Q  with  order,  the  balance  cao 
be  uald  at  the  Express  OfHce  when  Ton  receive  th^?  gun.  If  you  send  full  amount  of  caeh  v  Ith  order,  we  will  send  SS 
ball  and  25  ehot  cartridges  free.  Pl-lceof  Shot  rHrtrUices  $2,00  per  hundred.  Ball  Curtrldcea  Sl.SOper  bumlred. 
We  are  able  to  make  thlsestraordlniry  offer  beciiiisd  v>e  haie  secured  twenty  tbou^Hnd  tl-'li.-its  worth  of  these  gun-  at 
Qpft-thlrd  the  actual  cost  you  will  never  get  an" ther  su^  h  bargain,  and  yon  can  readily  sell  it  from  t30  to  $40.      Send 

•r 


po7t''6^cl'Mre|^r'ilfi  World  Mf  g  Co.  122  Nassau  Street,  New  York 


Free  to  All!| 


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with  their  answer  f>ir  whuh  tnfv  will  rei'irn>^  FRtE,  postpaul.   three  montlis* 
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colora,  Ipackaire  Kllk  Bloeka  for  Patchwork.  B  Euitter  Card*, 
'■£  New  Venr  i'arda.  1  Lovely    Birthday  Card*  and   1  Copy  of 
"Ladies'    Fancy    Work  Gulde»'*  funLiining    llhistrations  and  descrip-f 
tioDS  £(>f  alt  the  latest  desl^us  In  I'aocy  work.    The  regular  price  of  the  above 
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t).1?fo'36^ctt^Pubrrs  Home  Guest,  Hartford,  Conn. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


03HBN  IPHE  DAYSAI^ELiONGEI^I 

"  What's  the  difference  betweem  a  cabbage  and 
an  orange?"  "  I  don't  know,  do  you?"  pleas- 
antly answered  the  man.  "You  don't !"  ejacula- 
ted the  prcjpounder  of  the  question.  "  You  would 
be  a  nice  fellow  to  send  after  oranges." 

An  Englishman  meeting  an  Irishman  accosted 
him  saving:  "Can  voutell  me  the  way  to  W  igan, 
Pat?"    "How  do  you  know  my  name  is  Pat? 
answered  the  Irishman.     "  I  guessed  it."  replied 
John  Bull.    "  Well  guess  the  way  to  Wigan  then, 
cooly  replied  the  Irishman. 

When  you  send  for  seeds  of  any  of  the  seed- 
men  who  advertise  in  our  eolumns,  whom  we 
know  are  reliable,  you  can  send  the  money  for 
the  Farm  and  Garden  with  the  money  you 
send,  to  them  for  seeds.  We  shall  get  the  mone" 
from  them,  for  we  can  trust  them.  They  are 
square  business  men. 

"  Y'ou  can  do  an.vthing  if  you  have  patience," 
Baid  an  old  uncle,  who  had  made  a  fortune,  to 
his  nephew,  who  had  nearly  spent  one.  "Water 
may  be  carried  in  a  sieve,  if  you  only  wait." 
"How  long?"  asked  the  penitent  spendthrift, 
■who  was  impatient  for  the  old  man's  death. 
**'T111  it  freezes,"  wa.s  the  cold  reply. 

In  search  of  home  comforts :  "  Why,  Mary, 
have  you  come  back  to  be  a  hired  girl  again?  I 
thought  you  left  us  to  get  married  and  have  a 
house  of  your  own."  "So  I  did,  mum.  "  "  Well, 
what  have  you  come  back  for?  "  "  Well,  ye  see, 
mum,  John's  done  purty  well,  and  we  kep  a 
hired  girl,  too,  and  I'm  kind  o'tired  av  the  way 
•  of  life.  I  thought  I'd  like  to  come  back  an'  be 
boss  fur  awhile." 

"  I  tell  you  how  it  is,  Algernon,"  she  said  in 
musical  niurmurs. 

"Yes,  Maud,"  he  replied,  in  subdued  tones, 
watching  her  with  the  reflected  light  ol  the 
moon  in  her  deep  brown  eyes. 

"  Pa  has  money,  you.have  none.  Pa  is  a  free- 
trader, you  are  a  protectionist." 

"  Yes,"  with  rising  inflection  and  doubtful 
tone. 

"  I  will  suggest  that  pa  make  a  free  trade  of  my 
hand  for  your  business  ability,  and  then  I'll  look 
to  vour  arm  for  protection.'' 

"  Bless  you,  my  ciiihlrcn."  from  a  stentorian 
voice  on  the  bacii  piazza. 

Bead  what  we  give  you  for  so  little.  You  will 
be  ai!tonished  how  we  can  give  so  much  good  read- 
ing for  a  trifle.  We  also  wonder  why  you  can 
afford  to  be  without  it.  Join  with  your  friends 
and  get  us  up  a  club  as  large  as  you  can.  We 
shall  nol  forget  it. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

"The  Monarch  Incubator."  James  Rankin,  South 
£astuii,  Ma,ss. 

Catalogue  ot  Norman  Horses.  Dillon  Bos..  Normal. 
McLean  County,  Illinois. 

Wholesale  Prlce-List  of  Seeds  &c.  John  A  Salzer, 
Seed  Farmer  and  Florist,  LaC'rosse,  \\  is. 

"Orange  and  Fruit  Culture."  Mapps  Formula  and 
Peruvian  Guano  Co.,  No.  158  Front  street.  New  York. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Star  Valley  Fruit  Farm, 
Lacou,  Dlinois.    List  of  fruit  trees,  berries,  grapes,  &c. 

J  Y  Bicknell'sFifteenth  Annual  Circular  of  Poultry. 
Ducks,  turkeys  Ac.,  No.  65  Clifton  Place,  Buffalo,  N.  Y'. 

Hercules  Wind  Engine  Co.,  No.  17  Moore  .Street,  New 
"York.  Illustrated  catalogue  of  wind  engines,  pumps, 
tanks,  &c. 

Beach  &  Co.,  Rose  Growers  and  Florists.  Illustrated 
catalogue  of  roses,  flower  seed,  &c.  No.  901  south  Ninth 
Btreet,  Richmond,  InU. 

Hammonds  deflning  catalogue  and  price-list  of  slug 
shot  and  paint,  varnish,  &c.  Benjamiu  Hammond, 
Fishkill-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

"  Dollar  Collections  of  Roses."  Also  catalogue  No.  "2. 
8torrs(fe  Harrison  Company,  Painesville,  Ohio,  catalogue 
ol  flower  and  garden  seeds,  &c.    llti  pages. 

••Seed  Animal."  D.  M.  Ferry  a  Co.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
Descriptive  catalogue  of  flower,  vegetable,  farm  and 
garden  seeis.    112  pages,  illustrated. 

"Soring  Catalogue  of  Cirape  Vines  and  Smalt  FrHits." 
Joel  Horner  4  Son,  Merchantville.  N.  J.  A  full  price- 
list  of  all  new  and  old  vaiielies  of'grapes  and  small  Iruus. 

"  Vick's  Floral  Guide,"  James  Vink.  Rochester,  N.Y., 
flower  seed  and  vegetable  catalogue,  finely  illustrated. 
120  pages.  Sent  tree  to  all  old  customers;  to  all  other 
applicanUifor  10  cents. 

"Landreth's  Rural  Ri-uister  and  Almanac"  David 
Landreth'sSons.  Pliiladelphui,  P.i.  Catalogueof  garden, 
fleld  and  flower  seeds.  Tlie  Arm  has  been  in  business 
over  one  hundred  years,  being  founded  in  1784. 

William  Henrv  Maule.  Seedsman,  No.  129  and  131 
South  Front  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Vegetable,  flower 
and  seed  catalogue  of  all  standani  varieties  and  many 
novelties  not  generallv  introduced.  The  catalogue  is  a 
valuable  one,  and  is  sent  free,  to  all  applicants  who  send 
an  address  on  a  postal  card  to  him,  with  address  where 
,vou  want  it  sent. 

"Everything  for  the  Garden."  Seed"  and  plant  cata- 
logue of^  Peter  Hendereon.  No.  35  and  37  Coujtlandt 
street.  New  York.  This  catalogue  of  Peter  Henderson 
A  Co.,  is  one  of  the  finest  they  have  ever  issued,  and  em- 
braces, as  the  name  indicates,  everything  needed  forthe 
garden.  The  list  of  seeds  is  verv  full,  and  embraces 
many  novelties  of  merit.  The  list  of  plants,  roses  and 
flower  seeds,  contains  all  the  most  valuable  seeds  yet 
introduced.  Sent  to  old  customers  of  last  year  free :  sent 
to  all  otber  applicants  for  three  letter  stamps. 


POULTRV  SCRATCHINGS. 

Continued  from  page  9. 
D.AMPNE.S.S. — Dampness  is  worse  than  cold  on 
young  chicks,  hence,  give  them  their  drinking 
water  in  such  manner  as  not  to  compel  them  to 
get  themselves  damp  while  seeking  it. 

Bkoj'.ers  in   Febrtary. — .Sell    your    broilers 
while  >ery  .young,  if  you  want  the  best  prices  this 
month.    From  tine-lialf  U>  three-quiirter  pound 
broilers  are  more  saleable  than  those  that  are  i 
heavier.    Send  them  to  market  alive.  I 

iNCt^BATORS. — Too  much  moisture  cannot  be 
supplied,  but  too  much  air  ma.v  be  let  into  the 
egg-<lrawer  if  the  weather  is  very  cold.  Though 
the  tenipernture  may  fluctuate  somewnat  with 
the  alinosplieric  changes,  yet,  unless  the  heat 
reaches  too  high  or  low  a  temperature,  no  diffi- 
culty need  be  feared. 

Nourishing  Food  For  Y'oung  Chicks.— It 
broken  rice  be  boiled  with  one-third  milk  and 
two-thirds  water,  adding  one  egg  to  each  pint  of 
liquid,  and  the  mass  thickened  with  oat  meal 
and  corn  meal  while  boiling,  it  will  prove  an 
excellent  diet  for  very  young  chicks.  It  keeps 
well,  and  may  be  crumbled  very  easily  when 
cold. 

BROODrNG  Chicks  Indoors. — A  larger  number 
of  young  chicks  can  be  raised  inside  the  poultry 
house  than  by  giving  them  the  privilege  of  yards 
at  this  season,  as  the.v  ma.v  become  chilled  very 
suddenly  and  jierish'.  when  permitted  to  run  in 
and  out  of  the  building.  For  that  reason  a 
brooder  should  be  placed  in  a  little  room,  about 
8x8  I'eet  being  sufficient  for  fifty  chicks. 

Tl't'  tnoif  a  farmer  hates  to  write  a  letter,  and 
we  would  say  yotir  storekeeper  where  you  trade 
will  write  one  to  us  for  you.  He  will  be  pleased 
to  oblige  you.  Try  thtm.  The  world  is  full  of 
arcomnwdating  people. 

Green  Food. — As  everything  iu  the  shape  of 
green  food  is  scarce  now,  the  best  substitute  is 
tinel.v  chopped  onions.  If  onions  are  scarce  use 
cabbage.  A  few  turnips  and  potatoes  boiled, 
with  a  little  salt  for  seasoning,  and  enough  coarse 
bran  to  thicken  it,  will  prove  acceptable.  Good 
hay,  chopped  tine  with  a  tobacco  cutter,  and 
steeped  over  night  iu  boiling  water,  is  also  excel- 
lent. 

Leg  We-VKNESs.— Should  leg  weakness  occur 
among  chicks,  separate  those  so  afflicted  from 
those  that  are  healthy,  or  they  will  be  liable  to 
injury  by  being  trampled.  This  happens  usually 
after  evening,  and  man.v  deaths  are  attril'Ule».l  to 
leg  weakness,  while  in  reality  the  chicks  wi>nlii 
have  survived  if  given  a  chance.  In  all  broods 
the  stronger  show  no  mercy  to  the  weaker,  and 
the  necessity  for  separation  cannot  be  too  fre- 
quently urged 

Promoting  Health.-  Small  trifling  matters, 
that  give  but  little  trouble  during  this  season, 
when  other  work  is  not  pressing,  aie  iften  valua^ 
ble  when  put  to  proper  uses.  Foi  instance,  a 
good  meal  of  parched  grain  once  or  twice  a  week 
will  be  found  4-xcellent.  and  esi»ecially  if  some  of 
the  grains  are  pariiall>  scnrclied.  a^  the.v  serve  the 
sanie  purpose  as  charcoal,  anfl  correct  many  dis- 
orders of  tlie  bowels  that  occur  from  irregulari- 
ties in  feeding.  Even  parched  bran,  when  mixed 
with  the  soft  food,  will  be  found  serviceable. 

A  Substitute  For  Meat.— .\  subscriber  re- 
commends that  tallow  be  melted  until  quite 
warm,  then  to  stir  corn-meal  into  it  until  the 
whole  is  a  thick  mass.  When  cold  it  may  be 
broken  into  small  pieces  ver.v  readily,  and  will 
be  appreciated  by  the  hens.  We  would  suggest 
that  one-third  tallow  and  two-thirds  fresh  blood 
from  a  slaughter  house,  be  heated  in  a  small 
quantit.v  of  water,  and  a  mixture  of  one  part  tine 
bran,  (shipstutt'i,  one  part  coarse  bran,  and  one 
part  corn-meal  be  added  until  the  mass  will  har- 
den when  cold. 

Bone  Me.^l  and  Oyster  Sheli-s.- Be  carefttl 
that  you  do  not  buy  ground  oyster  shells  for  bone 
meal,  which  is  often  the  case  wlien  in  the  shape 
of  ver.y  flne  powder.  To  detect  the  difference, 
procure  live  cents  worth  of  sulphuric  acid  from 
vour  druggist,  and  drop  a  little  on  the  suspected 
substance.  If  it  is  bone  it  will  turn  brown  and 
emit  the  well-known  odor  of  superphosphate, 
but  if  oyster  shells  no  odor  will  arise,  but  the 
disengagement  of  carbonic  acid  gas  will  occur, 
especially  if  the  shells  be  placed  in  a  glass  ot 
water  before  supplying  the  sulphuric  acid.  We 
mention  this  fact  for  the  re;ison  that  several 
cases  have  come  under  our  observation  in  which 
finely-ground  o.vster  shells  have  been  palmed  off' 
on  buyers  as  pure  bone.  It  is  not  necessar.v 
thai  eUher  of  the  substances  be  in  a  very  tine 
condition  for  poultry. 

Y'OUNG  Chicks.— As  early  chicks  are  being 
hat<'hed  by  many  it  will  be  found  that  diseases 
of  the  l>owels  occur  when  least  expected,  Con- 
stijjation  is  similar  to  cold  on  the  bowels,  and  is 
ciiuivalent  to  dysentery.  Wash  the  parts,  and 
annoint  with  glycerine.  Give  a  tablcspoonful 
of  castor  oil  in  soft  food  to  every  six  chicks,  and 
feed  boiled  rice  and  milk,  thickened  with  oat 
meal  while  cooking,  for  a  few  days.  Should 
diarrhcea  occur,  feed  bread  boiled  in  milk,  give 
the  castor  oil  as  before,  and  also  three  drops  of 
paregoric,  and  one  of  tincture  of  iron  to  each 
chick.  The  drinking  water  should  always  have 
a  teaspoonful  of  tincture  of  iron  to  each  quart  of 
water.  Should  bowel  disease  occur  it  indicates 
that  the  chicks  have  been  chilled  at  some  time  or 
other.  Keep  the  brooders  at  90  degrees,  and  clean 
them  thoroughly,  .\lways  feed  cooker!  food. 
Corn  meal  and  oat  meal  mixed,  and  baked  as 
bread,  is  excellent.  Chop  an  onion  for  them 
every  day,  and  feed  milk  plentifully. 


FLORA  L  WORLD,  superb,  ill'st'd,  $1  monthly,  free 
1  year  Now  for  this  ad.  and  24c.  Highland  Park.  IlL 


EVERfiREEN  SEEDLINGS  'SlUV 

PLAHTCRS      All  siAcs.  Krciil  variety.     JO 


OOO  .Vrhor  Vit 
Catalogues  FREE. 


.  .  jilins' 
GEO.    PINNCY. 


URSERY- 
LARGE 
.000.- 

al   50  cents  per  1000. 
Sturgeon    Bay,  Wit. 


PnTflTnr*  Choice  Seed.    101   KiniN.    Send  for 

r," '  Lis"     Geo.  A.  Bonnell,  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 

n  GRAINS,    Xorthein-growiK     New  Tested 


SE! 


(46  bu  per  A  i  Wheal.  Oats.  Corn.  Potaaoes. 

_.  Pure  Seeds  cheap.  Plants  bv  thoiisands.  Cat 

aloguefree.  J.  F.  SALZER.  La  CrosecWis 


sDAVIS   STUMP  PULLER     Lifts  rJO  to  50  Tons 

'  W(.rke(i  by  two  men; 

5  sizes.  Prire  ^35  to 
iS70.    ^^talllls  on  run- 
ners.    Cin-uliirs  FREE. 
H.  1"  BKNNKTT, 
Weslervillp,  Ohio. 


GENUINE  VUELTA  ABAJA 

HAVANA  TOBACCO  SEED. 

Having  imported  a  lot  of"  true  seed  ot  this  variety,  I 

offer  same  at  10c.  per  packet,  50e.  per  ounce,  and  $4  per 

pound.      Free  bv   mail.     Catabiiines  upon  application. 

F.  E.  McAllister,  29  and  31  FultolB  St.,  N.  Y. 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice  Trees.  Vines,  aiid  Plants.  All  the  new  varieties. 
Manchester  Strawberries.  Hansell  Raspberries,  Kieffer 
Pear  Trees.  Peach  Trees  a  specialty.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red  Bank,  N.  J. 


This  paper  coniniiis  over  '2*20  different  advcr- 
lisements  of  reliable  houses  re^resentinic  a 
variety  of  lines  of  bnsiness.  Thi«*  is  nat  b>  nny 
means  the  least  valuable  of  its  features.  Com- 
pare this  with  most  farm  papers  containing  dis- 
gnstine  patent  medicine  '^nds.*'.  dishonest  lotte- 
ries, andlpossibly  10  or  l.'i  legitimate  advertise- 
ments. If  you  think  we  are  rieht  in  keeping 
our  columns  clean,  please  send  i-s  a  club  of  1'2 
subscribers. 


ROBERT  J.  H  A LLIDAY'i»j  annual  catalogue  of 
ALL    GARDEN    SUPPLIES.      Ready     early     in     January. 

Mailed  free  ti-  all  applicaius,  crmtains 

VEGETABLE,    FLOWER    AND     FIELD 

NKW  VND  U.VKK  PLANTS.  TKEES.  VINEl*. 
nri.Br>.  ifcc.  .\•i■lles^l!<»lll■:UT  .I.H.VI.LIDAY, 
Seedsman  and  Florist,    Bultiiiiure.  Maryland. 


PIANOFORTES. 

UNEQUALLED  iN 

ToDe,Toncli,Worl[iaEsMp  anl  DnraMty. 

^  Wn.E.IA3I  KNABE  A  CO. 

Nos.  204  and  206  West  Baltimore  Street, 
Baltimore.    No.  112  Fifth  Avenue,  N.  Y. 


^t/I.-B-LANC-ENGRAY-ER-^    , 

Fo'^SGeDsmGn.FLORisTS^nURseRYMen: 


innnn  ELECTROS  IN  stock. 

.  lU.UUU  SEND  FOP  CATALOGUES 


£»0  SpIeDiiid  Chromoft  with  name,  lOc.,  3  pks 

»nd  lovely  SampleSheetofnewBtyleCards,  30c, 

Jspks,  withGold  Plated  R':ii IT and'Sampla  Sheet, 

50  clt.    E.  H.  PARDEE,  hew  Havan,  Conn. 


SEEDS 

FOR  THE  SOUTH. 


f)ur  Annual  Illustrated  Cat.ilo^rtie  of  Field, 
(Jartien,  nd  Flowi-r  Seed:*,  rt-ady  now,  mMJl.-d 
TrL'e  upon  applicaiiou.  Southern  Reed  Co., 
JNO.  1£.  ELLIS,  Monnjcer.  Maeon,  Ga. 


too 


LAR<iE  Fniicy  Advertisiiif:  Cards,  all  diflfer- 
em.  iur  *J  cts.    CARD  \VOBKt5.  Montpeller.  Vt. 


FAIRVIEW  NURSERIES^irxr-' 

av    aOO  A (  K  I :s  I N  !•■  I{  I  IT  T  It  E E.s  A NI> 
^^^  s:>IALL  FRUIT  PLANTS. 

l'J.5. 000  reach  Trees,  elioire  KielTerand 

Le  Come   Pear  Trees.    All   iiiiKls  of  mir- 

^^/  serv  silicic.    .Small  fruits,  and  Osnee  Or- 

^^'  anee  specialties.    Send  for  jniee-list.    Ad 

dress,  j_  PERKINS.  MOORESTOWN,  N.  I. 


DmnrD  if  vou  loveRare  Flowers.  <'/fo/f7.y^  o/W// 
ntAULn  address  for  Cataloeiie.  EI,I.I.S  BUilTil- 
ERS.  KEEHE.  N.  M.    Il  will  asionisli  and  please.    Free. 


LOOK. 

A  VOLUME  rOR  UNIVER- 
SAL REFERENCE. 
A  new  i')'i  valuable  '"'"h 
for  ptiiiular  uce,  i-ompil'.d 
hv  »'uiiipi'tt-nt  etiltor". 
;iit.  I  .  .Mj-iili:ili..u  ..I  llu-  bf»t 
au(li<»t-itU-H.  pniiii-l  Imin 
new,  lui-teis  clear  type. 
^iid  tiuiidrioiiiely  hound 
In  clot  ii.  !t  cniiiaiL- inCor- 
mutlnn  ■ti  -vitv  coneelva' 
blenubjeet,  *nd  11-  rella- 
bllit)'  tia!7  U-en  a<-ured  l>v 
tbi-  moRt  careful  prepa- 
ration. It  i-!  of  ihe  great- 
est use  in  answering  ibo  ten 
thousand  qoeelions  that  con- 
fltantlv  ari'^e  in  reicard  t» 
dates,  placef).  perHons, 
Inctiti-nt>i.  statIstte*^  etc. 
Pri'<   Al.  '■*   iiiail.  post-paid. 

i4(/</ress  FRANKLIN  NEWS  CO., 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


i6 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


fl    @OLLBGTPIQN. 


BROUGHT  BY   UNCLE  SAM'S  MAIL  AND   IN 
OTHER   WAYS. 


"Poultry  Keeper.*'  Series  2.— Iiu-nbators  and  Brood- 
ers. By  P.  H.  Jacobs.  \V.  V.  R.  Fowls,  publisher.  No.  89 
Randolph  Street,  Chicago,  IH.  Aprat-tical  poultry  book, 
fflviD?  full  illuBtrations  of  the  dirfereni  incubatjrs  ami 
Brooders;  also  full  of  practical  directions  how  use  them. 
To  any  one  wishing  to  raise  poultry  with  incubators  the 
book  is  valuable,  giving  the  whole  art  of  artificial  iucnbu- 
tioK  a  fall  elucitlatiou.    FuUy  illustrated,  m  pages. 


HioH-PRir-KD  Butter.— Dairymen  often  wonder  how 
their  more  favored  competitors  get  such  high  prices  lor 
their  butter  the  year  round.  It  is  by  always  having  a 
uniform  gilt  edged  article.  To  put  the  "  gilt  edge"  ou 
when  the  pasture.s  do  not  do  it.  they  use  Wells.  Ricliard- 
son  &  Go's.  Improved  Butter  Color.  Every  butler 
maker  can  do  the  same.  Sold  everywhere  and  war- 
ranted as  harmless  as  salt,  and  perfect  in  operation. 


Nationai- STANnvRn  DicTioNAKV.— This  dictionary 
contains  40,OOU  words  and  7'N>  illustrations  printed  in 
large  type,  and  is  id'  easy  r^'fereiicf  and  rnpidus  in  defin- 
itions. A  vahuihle  IVaiurp  of  this  dl.iionarv  is  a  rcKi^ter 
of  the  date  of  birth  and  death  ot  noted  persons  in  all  ages 
of  the  world,  and  th«  origin  of  most  American  geograph- 
ical names.  There  are  tables  of  synonyms,  foreign 
words  and  phrases,  soubriquets  of  American  cities,  val- 
uable tables  and  statistics  not  found  in  any  other  dic- 
tionary. Pronunciation  of  all  words  plainly  given. 
Price  $1.    Franklin  News  Company.  Philadelphia. 


Usages  of  the  Best  Society.— This  valuable  book 
rontama  all  tliat  is  necessary  for  one  to  know  in  order 
to  enter  the  best  society.  Plain  rules  are  given  on  intro- 
ductions, receptions,  weddings,  parties,  balls,  dinner  si> 
cials,  in  fact  all  the  customs  of  the  best  society  are  fully 
explained,  and  it  will  prove  a  valuable  guiile  for  both 
old  and  vouug.  Price  50  cents.  Franklin  News  Com- 
pany.   

What  Every  One  Shoitld  Know.— We  find  this 
book  fills  a  long-fell  want  for  a  cheap  and  at  the  same 
time  a  reliable  and  comprehensive  booK  iull  of  practical 
recipes  and  fads  suited  to  all  branches  of  industry  and 
trade.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  vadr  v\rn.tm  of  valuable  knowl- 
edge.   Price  $1.    Franklin  News  Company. 

Mr.  Wm.  Henry  Maule,  who  has  for  some  time  past 
hi-fii  the  only  m.-mbt-rof  the  well-known  lirni  ot  Hetison, 
Munle  <fe  Co.,  seedsmen  Phihulelphia,  I'a.,  has  changed 
the  old  name  of  the  firm  to  that  of  Wni.  H.  Maulo. 
There  is  no  change  in  the  firm  further  than  the  change 
of  name,  and  Mr.  Maule  will  continue  to  sustain  the 
world-wide  reputation  of  the  oM  name  by  sending  out 
none  but  the  best  seeds.  His  new  seed  catalogue  Is  sent 
ont  free  to  all.  If  you  desire  to  save  money,  send  for 
one.  __ 

A.  D.  Cowan  &Co..  No.  115  Chambers  St.,  N.  Y.,  8ee<l, 
Plant,  and  Bulb  CataloKue.    W  Pages.    Illustraled. 


Messrs.  R.  G.  Chase  &  Co..  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  and 
Geneva.  N.  Y.,  send  us  a  very  handsome  lithograph  ()f 
the  Ranrocas  Raspberry,  which  they  are  introducing. 

.1.  T.  Lovett.  Little  Silver,  N.  J.—Lovett's  Guide  to 
Fruit  Growing,  and  a  full  catalogue  of  Fruit  Trees. 
Grapes  Berries,  and  a  lull  list  of  all  fruits  and  berries 
of  recent  inirodueiion.  This  "Guide  to  Fruit  Growlnc" 
of  Mr.  Lovett  ts  full  of  valuable  infnrmatlon  to  every 
orchurdist  and  Iruit  grower,  and  is  gotten  up  in  a  llm- 
and  lustefnl  manner,  and  Is  worthy  of  the  taste  and 
iiiillttv  ot  Mr.  Lovett.  The  illustrations  are  especially 
made'  for  the  (iuide  and  are  very  fine.  The  Guide  is 
mailed  to  all  customers  freeand  to  all  other  applicants 
for  five  cents  in  stamiis  for  the  plain  or  ten  cents  for  the 
same,  heautilully  colored.  Be  sure  and  send  to  Mr. 
Lovett  for  lU 

C.A.Wood  &  Co..  No.  17  North  Tenth  St.,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  whose  largejadvertisemenl  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Singer  Sewing  Machine  wius  In  the  last  number  of 
The  Farm  anm)  Gahukn  sell  machines  which  are  tioI 
only  wonderfully  cheap,  but  also  good,  strong  and  sub- 
slantially  made.  The  company  have  confidence  in 
the  machines  or  they  would  not  send  them  on  two 
weeks'  trial  if  they  w'ere  not  sure  you  would  lie  pleased 
with  the  beauty,  finish,  and  excellence  of  the  machine. 
The  editor  of  TfiE  Farm  ani>  Gaki>en  tisesone  of  the 
machines  and  \Mftnts  no  better.  Read  their  advertise- 
ment in  this  nunrtier,  and  if  you  want  a  good  machine 
send  to  them  fr)r  It.  

Peter  Henderson  *  Co.,  well-known  seedsmen  of  New 
York,  aie.  perhaps,  the  largest  olant  growers  and  mar- 
ket gardeners  in  this  country.  Iheir  greenhouses  alone 
cover  four  acres  of  cround,  all  under  t^huss.  and  are  a 
marvel  to  visit,  Mr.  Henderson,  a  courteous  gentleman, 
will  usually  he  found  paying  close  attention  lo  that 
branch  of  his  business  until  noun  w  hen  he  noes  to  tiie 
seed  store  of  the  company  on  (.'ortland  street.  Mr. 
Henderson  is  the  author  of  many  valuabU-  books  on 
farming  and  gardening.  The  firm  advertise  largely 
with  us  and  are  very  reliable,     i 


F.  E.  McAllister,  29  Fulton  St..  N.  Y..  whose  advertise- 
ment is  found  in  our  columns,  will  be  found  by  those 
who  patronize  him  to  be  a  very  reliable  business  man. 
His  advertisement  beins  in  our  columns  is  alone  a 
guarantee  of  his  business  integrity.  He  has  a  large  seed 
trade  and  keeps  a  full  stock  of  ail  kinds  of  seeds  re- 
quired by  the  farmer  and  gardener.  Our  readers  can 
sately  send  money  to  him. 


We  (jain  many  pleasant  words  from  our  sub- 
scriherSy  and  are  encouraged  by  it  too,  and  we  are 
glad  we  can  please  them  as  we  do.  It  7nal-es  us 
ready  to  work  at  all  times  for  our  readers'  benefit. 

Thf*  Bvi-al  Nifw  I'orA-rr  is  the  leading  agricultural  paper 
In  i'\|iHrinieninl  farming,  testing  seeds  and  fruits,  and  is 
Rl\va,\s  reliable.  Its  illustrations  are  numerous;  five 
hundred  per  aniuiin,  and  Us  editorial  pian  is  original, 
and  extends  over  all  branches  of  agricultural  knowledge 
and  (cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated  bv  all  its  readers.  We 
send  it  with  the  Rural  firee  seed  distribution  with  the 
Fakm  add  Garden.  Both  papers  one  year  for  |2.25. 
p,.-'o<,^  free. 


And  now  on  \\\\h.  the  \n%t  pnvp  of  our  Febrii- 
nry  iniinber.  let  ii^  remind  yon  that  the  Fnrin 
niid  Oarden  will  be  tnken  by  every  intelligent 
mnn  whom  yon  nsl*  to  do  ho.  Our  nnxtety  is 
in  induce  yon  tonnkyonr  nciKhbovN  to  snbNcribe. 
Hn<l  t1ti<4  notire.  and  our  prentiuin  oiler  on  |in«;e 
1,  nre  inserted  to  produce  that  effect.  Please 
try  /'js*  us. 


*P.  S.  CABBAGE.     THE    BEST   SEEDS  in  the 

uujild  mpptied  by  ISAAC  F.  TILLINGHAST,  La  Plume.  Pa. 


JILRS. 
for  20C. 


A  iiackaL'e  of  large,  bright  pieces  nice  silks 
STARK  SILK  CO.,  North  Hartford.  Vt 


FAEatlHAS  KETSTOWE  COSN  PLANTEB 

Warranted   the  bentcoru  dropper  and  most 
iperftcl  f'jrce-feed  fertllzer  dlslributor  in  tba 
orld.  Sexd 

roaCATALootTK. 
Address 


SENB  FOR  T.AROE    n>LrsTRATED  CATALOGUE 
Addre^  A,    B.  FARQUHAR,  YORK«  FENJiA. 


GOING  WEST.i 


Join  mv  wide  awake 
-Colony  '  o  f  Farmers. 
Mechanics  and  Busi- 

^_^_ ness  Men,  bound  for 

Swift  County,  Minnesota,  Schools.  Churches,  good 
neishbora,  good  and  cheap  lands.  Land  as  good  and  as 
cheap  as  on  wild  frontier;  as  good  society  and  advanta- 
ges as  in  New  York  or  Ohio.     Send  for  circular. 

Hon.  H.  W.  DANA.  Lincoln,  Illinois. 

CUT    THIS    OUT.        IT  'WILI.    NOT    APPEAR    AGAIN. 


We  will  send  vou  a.  watch  or  ft  chain 
BY  SIAILOK  KjiPHESS,  C.  O-  D.  to  be 

examined  bfturepayingany  money 
andif  nut  satisfact-orj'.relurned  at 
ourexpense.  We  manufacture  all 
lour  w;it.-hfs  and  fi.ivp  ynu  ;1M  per 
cent,    <  ■it.'iiotrne  <'f  --'><"*  slvl''>  Ire 


Evny  \\;i 


lltr.L 


Mrvsa 


STANDARD  AMERICAN  WATCH  CO, 

riTTSbUlUiH,  TA. 


-.  -.  -^  ^  ALLTESTED 

t  t  n  N  TRUE  TO  NAWE. 

'■^"^  mmi STOCK, 

\^A   I    ALV7^UCuii<l  (>M>   vuriflies.  full 


s 


50  LOTELT  RpwHolldaTChromnrARDS, 
^M I  b  Dame.  1  Or.  13  Sentlmt-nlal,  Ulddi-n 
N.ime,  15f>.  13  Xmni  &  >>w\>ar,  Hlddca 
Name,  85e.    NaMao  ('«rd  Co.  Naasao,  M.  lb 


This  Style  Philadelphia  SINGER^ 

^    with   full    8et  of  Attachmenta, 
sent  ou  two  weeks'  trial.     We 

do  nut  ask  you  to  pay  one  cent  nn-  , 
til  yi-'Vi  u&e  the  machine  in  yourown 
huuse  for  two  weeks.      Other  compaDiea 
charge  $40  for  this  fitvle.     Warrauted  for 
Shears.     Circular  aod  tesUnioaiaU  free, 

C.  A.  WOOD  <1-  CO., 

17  Korth  10th  St.,  fhilatU.,  Pa. 


FREE  TO  LADIES 

Tolntroduce  "Happy  Day?!,"  our  newlSp.Illus'd  Wagazine,we 
yn\l  send  free  to  any  livdy  semiinji  2.^0.  in  etanxpsfor  3  moDthssab- 
EL-nptiotifS  LaillcM*  Largo  felzo  Woterproot  €>e»saincr 
Garmentfi  wilh  catalo^jue  of  other  rubber  goods,  provided  they 
ehow  them  to  their  friends  and  endeavor  to  indui:e  oiher  sales.  One 
cent  Btamps  preferred.  Pub.  Iloppy  Days,  llartford,  Conn. 

Given  Away 
TO  AZ.Z.I 

If  you  will  send  260.  to  help  pay  cost  of  advertising,  we  will  Band 
you,'po(tpaid,  Four  Beautiful G<?riaan  Dolls,  one  twy,  two  Rirls  and 
absbvdoll  with  Complete  Outlit  of  35  Fashionable  Prfsws.  Hats, 
Cloak'i,  Ac.  w.Tth  1*^  of  enjoyment  to  any  little  pirl;  V  larce  six 
Goaitaincp  lEubber  Wtttorproof  <iarinent«  fiT  the 
Iftdie8,and6  new    stvie   Fruit   Napkins,     Stamps   tak.-n.     Addrew 

E.  C.  BAfiCOCK  &   CO.,  Centerbrook,  ConiL. 


DK.SC  KU»TM».\S. 

niuch  vainutilf  ihIki  11 —  -,  ,■  - 

Large  tstoclv  Trull  Treet.  Small  Fruits,  and  Vlies. 

J.  C.  EVERITTy  Lima,   Indiana. 


I  ST  RAT  ED, 

m  toall  "Pl>J,y*'>«PpCp 


RAUCH'S  $25  PHOSPHATE 

^^    r*C     M/^RK      Contiuns  the  Life  and  EssGuce 


Contiuns  the  Life  and  Essence 

of  AnimuJ  Bouob,     We  are  now 

I  Belliug  bautcli's  Mrlrlh   I'ure  Haw 

"    II-  Utal,  alrio  llnuicb'h  R4>ady  DU. 

led    I'lire  Anliunl    lloneo  at  Very 

low  prices.  It  would  Burpriso 
frimium  to  know  how  very  low 
they  can  procure  these  braods 
du^ct  from  us.  Send  your  name 
and  address.and  we  will  mail  yoa 
our    PlfOKPIIATE     Uritft:. 

BAUCH  &  SONS,  20  S.  Del.  Ave.  Phllada.  Pa 


FAY  SI  CRAPES 


SMALL  FRUIT*    \XD  TUKES.    LOW  TO  DEALERS  AJiI»  PLANTERS. 

CLASS.    FREE  CAT  ALOCPF.S.    OEO.  S.  JOHSELYN.  FREDONIA.  M.  T. 


BEIST  KTOCKk 
IN  THE        I 

EVERTTHLNK  FIRStJ 


FOIID  Imported  Oertniui ChromoM  Hud  100  Fine 8<>rup 

rUUIl  Plctupf»ror  lOc    c.  c.  UK  ri;v.  sykacu.sk,  x.  y. 


A  a  nnO  <  *'io    dozen    concealed    name,    10c.     Best 
liAlfUu  )'!"')<    <'ut-     Send  Htamp  tor  (inniuleM. 
wi-ni»rw     .j.,,^0   {[_  Henderson,  Woodbniy.  N.J. 


SEEDS 


nurCARDEN  CUIDE,JustpiiWlshed, 
FREE  to  all.  Bt■^t  \arM-tie»  at  low 
pni.  s      Ymii  ouKht  to  have  it.      COLE 

A  BRO., Seedsmen, Pe  la, Iowa. 


CRAFTS-     STOCKS.     TREES-EVERYTIIIXG 
for   Nnn»i-r>  men.  rrult    ttrowen*.  and  Amateur*. 
STARK  M'RSERIES.  1    111, iauu.  Mo.     51st  year.     300  seres. 


CLAREMONT 
OLONY. 


SEND  FOn 
ILLUSTRATED  CIRCULAR. 

J.  F.  .>IAN(I1.V. 
C'lnreinoiil.  Virginiti. 


Oj"  SEXD    FOR    ILLUSTRATED    PRICE-LIST.  XD 

OF    THE    CELEBRATED 

eua  steel  and  chilled  pldws. 

Tlieyare  eii8ll>'  managed,  and  will  clear  io  any  soli. 
Haw  iron  (ir  woikI  ht^auis.  and  ntraiglit  or  skiui  coulters. 
TliH  best  iiiadn  I'lnws  uo  the  market.    Aleuts  wauled- 
special   iiidurenienlR  In   laroH-rs   iiitroduciiiK  tlieiu. 
A.ldrfss.     S,  A0A.MS  &  SON.  Rome.  New  York. 


A  PRESENT  TO  EVERY  LADY. 


A  W  <^e»t  book  on  Art  NerMf  i/'o/A."  and  Crazy  Patchwork, 
with  100  new  stitchra  and  trn7u\frrable  designs  andfuU  iiv- 
Mructions  for  the  xvork,  will  be  {/tmi  to  every  lunv  sithsrribt^r 
to  Straxobridge  d:  Clothier's  I\i.thion  Quarterly.  This  offer 
onhj  holds  good  until  April  lut,  1885.  The  Fashion  Maga- 
zine contains  120  large  pages  with  over  1000  illustrations 
each  issue  and  is  the  rfteapest  magazine  in  the  world.  Cut 
out  this  notice  and  mail  with  50  cents,  thejtriceqfa  year's 
sttbscriptton,  (0 

STKAWBRTn'rE  A-  CLOTHIER, 
Eighth  aiui  Marhf  Sfrrtts,  Philadelphia.  Pa 


TK%'S 


IMANLLA 


3  Printing  Press; 


Fur  old  <»r  yciimt,'.  Evory  tiling  easy .  printed 
.llrectlnn?.    St-tid  Sstumps  f<TCata!.»gue  of 
PrfSSf'S.  T>-p.-.  Carils.  Ar.  to  the  Ia^t»>ry. 
Kelaey  «&:  Co.,  Merlden,  Conn.- 


'Printing 

arc!  ilabflPnss J3.  I,.irccr6lz™$5to$75. 


FiiEE 


A  nORN  SHELLER, 


The  neiv  ■■E.iirw"  C' 
plesl.  easifst  working  shelleroii  the  market, 
-  -    tot 


I  ibi'  only  one  tbati  b 
order.    Tot  utroduce  I  ti  nto  every  town  at  once 
Sheller,  prefalrl,  to  any  jHTftin  who  willavree  to 
tneadu       '         ■        ■ 


of  five  fftriTltT^'MOIISi  ! 


iatbenkm- 
market, 
t'vur  out' 
i1  laead  one 
>T  1 1  to  their 
Ir  UxvQOiwl 


S& 


■nt<)foythe 


ACME  IttAUUFACTUKING  CO..  Ivorytoa,  Con» 


FREE    HOLIDAY 'PACKAGE. 


TlHnTroduc^ur  pooiJs  and  eecure  future  tradf,  we  will  send 
voa(fr.-e  of  cliArse)if  yoa  ^^^^^  prnph  Allium  lllustr*- 
'wilUind  2Ucu.  inBtampa  J^  M^K^*^  *'"*  birds,  flowert, 
(■irpoilsce,  Ac,  5  pretiy  #^ta^^^j ferns.  Ac,  a  bandM>ine 
rhriai'ias  C.irds,  5  ni.el  ^^^^|Pbot"praiihic  AH>um  of 
NfW  yearCiird»,Blov.lv  ^^^^  yalltbe  Presidents  of  the 
UirlhdayCnriisabeaiiliful  ^^  \^  U.S.wilh  autograpbslg- 
Gilt    Bouud  Floral  Auto-  nature  of  each,  afso  oar 

ncwlllu^lrat^d  hnlldavbook.  U.S.MFn.CO. .  Hnrl ford.  Conn. 


60LD*WATGH*rREE! 

t  The  publisher*  of  the  Capitol  City  Home  Guest,  the  well- 
known  inastratiid  Literary   anrj  Family  Map-T?iiie,   make  the  fol- 

lowlotrlibtjral  Offer  for  ihe  NeTv  'S'ear:  Thf  i.erjrin  t^liinp  ai 
thelonfrfst  -ver^v  in  the  Biblo,  l-c fore  March  1st,  wiil  receive  a  Solid 
Cold,  Lady>  IlantlnffCafted  tSwlns  Wotcfa,  worth  $50; 
If  there  be  more  than  onecorri?ct  answer,  the  at'<~nnd  will  receive  an 
elepont  Htcm-wlndfn^  Gcntlrtnan's  Wott'h;  the  third, 
akey-wfniilii;;  Enclish  \Vol<:'h«#Fach  perton  must  send  ?5ctx. 
with  tbeiranswi  r,  /iTwhiL-h  thi-v  will  receive  threemonihi' sob- 
BCription  to  the  Home  Guest,  a  5(i  pa^e  Illnftraltd  NeW  Vcor 
Sook,  a  Case,  of  2^  articles  that  LheladieawUl  appreciate, 
Qcd  paper  contalnin?  names  of  winners.  Stamps  takea.VAddreu 
"       Pnbq.  of  HOM-w:  aTTRST.  HARTFORD.  COKN'. 


Is  THEAP,  STROXi,  vnj*y  to  apply.  dooH 
not  rust  or  rattle.  Is  also  A  SUBSTITl'TK 
FOR  PLASTKR,  at  Half  the  Con(;  out- 
lasts the  building.    CAKPET.S  AND  RIX-.S 

of  samo,  double  the  wear  of  oil  cloths.  Catalo^^e  and 
Bample8/>«.  W.  11 .  FAY  &  CO.,Cainden.  N»J. 


MOOK! 


THE  BEST  SI  DICTIONHRV 
IN  THE  WOR'.D. 


A  nnlverfnl  Unnd-Bnok  for 
r^a'ly  releniiff.  handsomely 
iliii^irated,  neatly  printed 
rroni  new  pintles,  with  plain 
(vi'i*,  on  good  paptT.  and 
Ix.'iiuiiliilly  bound  In  cloth, 
nitli  ink  !uid  ^o'd  designs. 

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fectly   showing    hundreds    of 
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Address  FKANKLIN    Ik'EWS 


Philudc'lphla,  Pennsylvunla. 


The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


MARCH,    1885 


No.  VII. 


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CHILD  BROS.  A  CO..  PubUsherm 
No.  735  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penn 


FARMER'S   HOME   GARDEN. 


Hi/  Joseph. 


When  spring  creeps  up  on  the  mountain  slopes,  , 
"When  the  warmer  sunbeams  change  the  snowy-  ' 
white  of  the  landscape,  fir.st  to  uncertain  tints,  , 
then  to  bright  and  glossy  verdure,  when  the  ' 
Oriole  returns  to  his  hanging  nest  in  the  maple  ; 
top.  and  Robin  Redbreasts  calling  from  the  tree  j 
in  front  of  the  window  a-mornings,  tells  us  that  I 
it  is  time  to  rise,  the  good  farmer's  wife  is  think- 
ing about  her  garden,  and  pulls  out  drawers  and  1 
opens  boxes  and  bags,  to  examine  her  stock  of 
seeds  on  hand. 

It  is  well  that  she  should  take  an  interest  in 
tliese  things,  while  the  men  are  busy  with  their 
farm  work.  She  is  the  bx>rn  and  natural  boss  of  \ 
the  gardening  department  of  the  farm,  and  gen- 
erally  fills  that  office  with  tact  and  credit  to 
herself.  I  can  only  say  to  the  many  mechanic's 
wives  in  villages  and  small  cities,  who  go  about 
or  ^t  in  the  everlasting  rocking-chair,  and  spend 
their  life  in  idleness  and  gossip,  *'Go  to  thy 
aunt  (the  farmer's  wife),  thou  sluggard,  consider 
her  ways,  and  he  wi.se!" 

The  planting  and  weeding  required  by  the  few 
square  rods  which  constitute  a  village  garden, 
do  not  afl'ord  in  tliu  least,  too  much  exercise  for 
a.  meclianiifs  wife,  delicate  as  she  may  be.  There 
is  health  and  wealtli  and  pleasure  in  the  garden, 
none  in  gossip.  The  farmer's  garden  is  or  should 
he  large;  and  his  wife,  who  has  charge  of  the 
dairy  and  a  large  household,  cannot  be  expected 
to  do  more  than  the  "overseeing"  of  the  truck- 
patch.  Let  the  boys  do  the  hoeing,  weeding  and 
transplanting. 

Farmers  in  general  are  not  as  "flush"  with 
money  as  they  were  some  time  ago.  We  must 
**  squeeze  through  "  and  economize  tlie  best  we 


can.  We  will  not  despise  to  save  the  penny,  for 
such  is  a  penny  earned.  Seedsmen  have  not 
reduced  their  catalogue  prices  siifRciently  to 
maintain  the  "  eternal  fitness  of  things."  Almost 
all  kinds  of  farm  produce  are  so  much  cheaper 
now  ;  wliy  not  garden  seeds? 

The  question  is:— Will  you  throw  your  old 
stock  of  seeds  away  and  buy  new?  Not  by  any 
means.  You  have  some  sijuash,  pumpkin,  cu- 
cumber, melon,  tomato  and  j>epper  seeds,  per- 
haps some  peas  and  beans,  left  over  from  last 
season's  supply.  Seeds  of  that  class  are  just  as 
good  the  second  season,  often  the  third  and 
fourth,  as  new  seeds,  and  maybe  better,  produc- 
ing more  fruit  and  less  vine  than  fresh  seeds. 

Cabbage,  turnips,  celery,  beet,  carrot,  radish,  in 
short  seeds  of  all  vegetables,  in  which  we  prefer 
thrifty  foliage  or  which  are  grown  for  their  stalks, 
must  be  considered  "prime,'^  when  strictly  fresh. 
Yet,  I  cannot  conscientiously  advise  you  to 
throw  such  seeds  away,  unless  they  are  too  old  to 
germinate  quickly.  They  will  do  well  enough 
when  two  or  three  years  old.  A  simple  test  will 
show  their  germinating  power. 

Parsnip  seed  should  nn-erhe  used  after  the  first 
season,  and  onion  seed  only  when  seed  is  scarce.  ' 
Then  I  would  recommend  to  mix  it  with  new 
seed.  . 

It  is  time  to  start  egg,  tomato  and  pepper  plants.  1 
If  but  a  (fw  are  wanted,  a  box  set  in  a  sunny 
window  may  do  for  a  place  in  which  to  sow  them  ;  j 
otherwise,  a  hot-bed  (or  greenhouse)  is  needed. 
In  some  localities,  the  small  gardener  can  depend  i 
on  a  near-by  grower  for  good  plants,  but  in  the  ' 
majority  of  cases,  these  purchased    plants   are  ' 
neither  well-grown  nor  of  the  best  varieties.    It  is 
hardly  advisable  to  throw  away  the  certainty  of 
having  just  such  plants  as  you  want,  by  growing 
them   yourself,  for  all  the  plants  that  may  be  ' 
otlered  you  in  the  grocery,  however  cheap  thev  1 
^^^-  +  j 

The  Mural  yeiv  Yorker,  in  a  recent  issue,  says  \ 
that  there  is  no  perceptililc  difference  lietween  ] 
Paragon,  Perfection,   Favorite,'  Mayflower  and  , 


Cardinal  tomatoes.  I  have  given  expression  to  a 
similar  observation  in  tliese  columns  more  than 
once.  With  the  present  varieties  we  have  reached 
a  status  so  near  perfection,  that  there  is  little 
chance  for  improvement  left.  Wq  should  not 
expect  better  kinds  very  soon.  If  you  have  one 
of  tile  named  sorts,  you  cannot  hope  to  better 
yourself  by  buying  another. 
+ 
Suppose  your  garden  was  plowed  last  fall,  as  it 
ouglit  to  be,  eh?  Well  then  put  on  a  coat  of 
well-rotted  manure  (unless  manured  last  fall)  and 
replow,  then  top-dress  with  hen  manure,  barn- 
yard scrapings,  ashes,  bone-dust  or  phosphate, 
and  harrow  thoroughly.  You  cannot  make  your 
garden  too  rich,  nor  prepare  it  too  well.  Hut  if 
you  follow  the  above  suggestions  your  garden 
win  be  in  flrst-rate  condition  for  heavy  cropping. 
Let  the  good  wonum  insist  upon  iiaving  the  men 
do  it  Just  so.  . 

Lettuce  needs  ricli,  cool,  and  moist  soil,  and 
had  best  be  sown  early  in  a  sheltered  location, 
and  then  transplanted  like  cabbage,  giving  It 
room  enough  to  form  large  heads.  Early  Silesia 
or  Simpson  is  good  for  earl.v  use. 

If  you  have  not  sown  cabbage  for  very  early 
use  before  this  time,  it  must  be  done  at  once. 
A  cold  frame  or  hot-bed  is  the  right  place  for 
growing  tlie  plants.  For  main  crop  the  seed  can 
be  sown  in  a  row  or  two  right  in  the  garden,  to 
be  transplanted  from  there.  Like  turnips  and 
radish,  it  needs  close  watching;  plaster,  air- 
slacked  lime,  road  dust,  wood  or  coal  ashes 
sifted  over  the  young  plants  when  wet  with  dew, 
or  tlie  application  of  a  weak  carbolic  acid  solu- 
tion, or  coal-oil  emulsion  will  keep  off  the  flea 
beetle,  but  the  remedy  nmst  be  applied  repeat- 
edly and  thorouglily.  Early  Jersey  Wakefield, 
Henderson's  Early  Summer.  Winnigstadt,  and 
Flat  Dutch,  or  Fottlcr's  Brunswick  are  fine  varie- 
ties, and  come  to  maturity  in  the  order  named. 
Only  experienced  growers  should  try  their  skill 
with  the  Marblehead  Mammotli. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


THE   DANGER   OF   HASTY   CONCLUSIONS. 


By  JifA<ifi  A\rh. 

A  man  told  me  this  morning:  that  strange 
things  occur  in  his  garden.  As  far  ;us  he  can  see, 
the  circumstancesofoni'  hill  uX vorn  are  the  same 
as  of  all  the  others  in  the  i)I<>t.  and  yet,  some  of 
the  corn  is  not  ovt-r  a  foot  tiigh,  i'.iid  in  tassel, 
whllo  other  hills,  Dear  by.  jilanti'd  the  sani^?  day, 
are  three  times  as  tall.  In  one  row  tJiere  are  sev- 
eral of  these  low  hills  in  succession,  I  was  asked 
to  explain  the  causu  of  this  ditlerenee;  and  it 
must  he  <:onfcssed  that  it  is  not  an  oaj»y  matter. 
It  may  be  that  the  corn,  which  he  bought  in  a 
single  paclcage,  was  mixed,  and  .some  of  it  is  a 
larger  sort  than  the  other.  If  this  were  so,  it 
seems  strange  thai  all  tlu'  kernels  planted  in  a 
number  of  succ-fssive  hills  should  he  small,  while 
others  are  all  of  the  larger  sort.  It,  may  be  that 
the  kernels  are  all  of  the  same  variety,  but  some 
better  matured  than  others.  Experiments  show 
that  there  is  considerable  difference  between  the 
germinating  power  and  general  vigor  of  one 
grain  and  anc^ther  on  the  same  ear.  The  very 
noticeable  varhition  in  si/.e  can  be  accounted  for 
on  the  score  of  insei-ts.  (irub  worms  and  vine 
worms  are  common  in  old  garden  soils,  and  l>y 
feeding  upon  the  roots,  they  dwarf  the  plant's 
thus  injured  It  is  a  law  in  vegetable  physiology 
that  whenever  anything  retards  thegrowtli  of  a 
plant,  it  also  tends  to  hasten  its  time  of  tic)wering 
and  Ibrniation  of  fruit  and  seed.  It  seems  as  if 
the  plant  was  informed  of  tbe  inipending  danger 
and  put  all  its  energy  into  the  reproduction  of  its 
kind.  A  drouth  will  cause  this  sante  liastening, 
as  many  have  witnessed  to  tlieir  sorrow. 

The  diflerences  above  referre<l  to,  may  be  due 
to  some  warm ness  in  the  soil.  It  is  true  that  no 
two  grains  of  corn,  when  i)hintcd,are  surrounded 
with  identical  <-onditions  of  food  sui)ply.  A 
quantity  (tt  manur<_'  hacl  brrn  applied  to  this  soil 
in  question,  and  we  juay  reasonably  cm  include  that 
it  is  not  pcrfe(-tly  and  evenly  distributed,  ('orn 
is  a  plant  that  respondsvery  quickly  and  fully  to 
the  application  of  any  manure,  and  in  this,  then, 
may  be  found  a  solution  of  the  striking  variation 
noted. 

There  are  some  otlier  circumstances  that  may 
vary  from  hill  to  hill,  but  enoujih  of  these  have 
been  Ktated  to  show  how  little  is  absolutely 
known  with  regard  to  the  hi"owIIi  »<f  ai»y  particu- 
lar plant  in  a  crop.  Js'uarly  every  reader  can 
brint^  to  mind,  cases  where  it  seemed  as  if  every 
condition  wjis  favorable  for  a  fine  yield,  and  the 
harvest  was  vi-ry  )i(M>r.  Tlie  careml  reader  will 
often  see  contradicting  stateiucntsas  to  the  value 
ofdifl'crent  varieties  of  grains,  fruits  and  Ilowers  ; 
and  most  contlicting  statenu'nts  as  to  the  merits 
of  the  various  breeds  of  <'attte,  sheeij,  et**.  One 
farmer,  for  example,  can  llnd  no  use  tor  super 
phosphates  and  <-one1udcs  that  they  are  unfit  for 
any  soil.  While  another  larmer  feels  that  his 
protlts  are  determined  very  largely  by  ihe 
amount  of  these  lert  ili/cr'^  that  he  us<-s.  Ntlt  long 
since,  a  writer  stated  thai  the  applicatitui  of  super 
phosphates  won  hi  soon  ruin  the  land.  There 
may  oe  lands  upon  wlii4h  these  manures  are  not 
needed;  but,  ecjually  true,  there  arc  others  that 
are  yielding  starvation  crops  from  a  lack  of  them. 
Some  mcii  can  no!  say  enough  fort  In  ■  shorthorn 
breed  of  cattle,  while  otiiers  are  continually  cry- 
ing them  down.  This  may  l>e  partly  due  to  :i 
variation  in  the  breed— as  all  children  of  the 
same  hou.sehohl  are  not  alike— but  rrc<|Ucntly  the 
dlf!ercnccs  reside  in  the  minds  iff  men,  and  are 
stated  in  the  |>apers  and  elsewhere  for  selfish 
ends.  A  man  with  a  fine  herd  of  Devons  Is  not 
going  to  advocate  .Ierse.\  s  lor  working  oxen,  and 
"Will  not  speak  at  length  upon  the  go(_>d  pitints  of 
any  other  breed  that  will  cast  a  shadow  over 
those  of  his  own  herd. 

The  point  thai  wonhl  be  here  made,  is  this : 
Crop-growing  is  a  most  complicated  piece  of 
worK^and  the  farim  rmust  ih-al  with  avast  num- 
ber of  circamsianci'S  over  which  he  can  have  lit- 
tle or  no  control.  There  is  a  natural  tendency  to 
pass  judgment  with  insulticient  evidence,  anil  to 
make  broad  and  sweeping  ticncralizations  where 
only  a  guess  should  be  ailvanced.  There  are  but 
few  places  in  this  worlil  where  no  doubt  enters. 
Many  dilferenccs  exist  only  in  the  mind,  and 
Oft^n  these  arc  the  most  troublesome. 

Why  did  not  the  corn  grow  evenly?  It  may  he 
due  to  the  presence  of  oiie  or  more  of  several 
clrcumslauces;  but  positively,  I  do  not  know. 
Do  you?  

TOO   EARLY    PLANTING. 

.V.   J.  .yhr}ihtrif.    E(A„n,Mo. 


warm.  In  a  great  marty  cases  (as  careful  experi- 
ments will  show),  seed  planted  two  weeks  later, 
after  the  soil  is  well  warmed  up,  will  make  a  more 
rapid  growth  than  that  whidi  is  sown  earlier. 

(ienerally,  with  vegetables,  we  want  a  quick, 
strong  growth,  and  the  easiest  way  to  se<!ure  this, 
is  to  have  good  soil,  thoroughly  prepared,  and 
the  seed  sown  carefully  after  the  soil  becomes 
warm.  Much  complaint  against  seedsmen  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  seeds  were  planted  too  early. 

In  my  experience  I  find  it  hard  to  have  any 
rule  for  planting  in  the  spring,  there  is  so  much 
difference  in  th'  season;  and  while  it  is  always  a 
good  plan  to  sow  reasonably  early,  yet  I  have 
also  found  that  it  pays  to  wait  until  the  soil  is 
well  warmed  up  before  seeding,  and  with  many 
plants  I  wait  until  I  am  sure  there  is  no  danger 
of  frost.  Peas  can  be  planted  very  early,  but  In 
this  case  I  do  not  like  to  cover  as' deep  "as  when 
planting  later.  Beans  will  do  no  good  when  the 
ground  is  c-old,  and  there  is  no  economy  in  plant- 
ing until  the  soil  is  warm.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  sweet  corn,  as  well  as  of  (cucumbers, 
squashes  and  watermelons.  With  these  seeds 
that  I  plant  early,  I  make  it  a  rule  to  cover  lightly 
as  there  is  much  less  danger  of  seed  rotting,  than 
if  covered  too  deej^. 

Be  sure  of  one  thing  in  seeding  early — wait  until 
the  soil  is  dry.  Planting  when  the  soil  is  cold 
and  wet,  is  much  worse  than  when  simply  cold. 
I  never  have  found  it  a  good  plan  to  w*trk  soil 
when  loo  wet,  and  especially  so  in  the  garden,  as 
it  cannot  be  got  into  i)roi)er  condition,  nor  will  it 
cause  seed  to  germinjite  properly  or  grow  as  they 
shttuld.  Better  delay  i>lantlng  a  week  than  to 
plant  when  the  soil  is  eitlier  too  wet  or  toi>  <-old  ; 
as  in  my  experience  much  better  results  have 
been  received. 

MISSISSIPPI. 


The  failure  to  germinate  properly  is  often 
attrlbnteil  to  too  early  sowing,  esiiccially  is  this 
the  case  in  the  garden.  I'lanlinj;  fine,  tender 
seeds  in  wet,  cold  ground,  is  almost  sure  to  result 
in  disappointment.  It  is  true  thatj  I'ften,  many 
seeds  can  be  .-own  very  early  and  witlistand  con- 
siderable cold,  wet  weather,  and  yet  germinate 
well,  and  produce  good,  strong  jilants.  Yet,  in  a 
great  minority  of "  cases,  more  disappointment 
results  fi"om  too  early  seedinti,  than  from  any 
other  cause.  Onions,  radishes,  turnips,  mustard, 
asparagus,  can  all  be  si>wn  early.  Some  of  them 
will  remani  in  the  ground  two  weeks  before 
germinating,  and  yet  produce  good,  strong,  thrif- 
ty planl,s.  Yet,  to  some  extent  the  vitality  of 
the  plant  is  afliected. 

My  rule  in  sowing  onions  is  to  seed  at  the  first 
opportufiity  in  the  spring.  As  soon  as  the  soil 
can  be  worked  into  a  suitable  condition  after  the 
1st  of  March,  I  try  to  sow  my  onion  seed.  A  few 
radishes  can  be  sown  at  the  same  time. 

But  with  the  greatei  portion  of  seeds,  it,  is  far 
better  to  wait  until  the  soil  becomes,  to  a  certain 
extent,  warmed  up.  Lettuce,  spinach,  parsnips 
and  chicory,  can  he  sown  early  and  will  with- 
stand considerable  cold  weather  withont  serious 
injury.  But  tomatoes,  cauliflower,  egg  plant  and 
Mabbage  should  not    l>c   sown   until  the  soil  is 


Itfi  W.  K.  OoUin^,  M<tycrsx*UU.  Miss. 

Any  one  familiar  with  Western  farming  at  the 
present  day,  would  be  somewhat  surprised  on 
coming  South  to  see  still  in  use  the  farming  im- 
plements of  the  early  days,  and  it  seems  to  be  a 
foregone  conclu.sion  that  Iliis  will  continue  for 
generations  yet  to  come,  although  there  is  now  a 
slight  demand  for  improved  implements  among 
white  farmers.  That  our  farmers  should  be  so 
backward  in  adopting  improved  farm  machinery 
is  no  mystery  to  those  familiar  with  the  situa- 
tion. The  chuss  of  labor  employed  explains  this. 
Negroes,  as  a  rule,  are  at  best  rough  workmen, 
and  any  <'ostly  machinery  cannot  be  entrusted 
to  tlu'ir  handling,  and  it  now  seems  impossible 
to  improve  them.  We  are,  therelVire,  compelled 
to  rcs<^»rt  to  the  most  primitive  articles  in  use — 
the  plow,  hoe  and  iron  tooth  harrow.  These  are 
about  theoidy  iniiilements  now  in  use  on  a  cotton 
plantation  cultivated  exclusively  by  negroes. 
There  is  anotlu-r  reason  why  more  improved 
machinery  is  not  now  in  use  on  Southern  i)lan- 
tations,  and  this  lies  in  the  system  of  contra<'ts 
in  vogue,  l^ands  are  leased  to  tenant-s  at  1(X) 
pounds  lint  c<»tton  per  acre,  which  is  equivalent 
to  Sl(t.  The  tenant  lurnislies  his  own  team  and 
farm  implements,  ant^l  his  means  being  llmit4>d, 
he  purciiuscs  the  most  primitive  and  those  lie  is 
most  familiar  with. 

If  a  jilantation  Is  worked  on  shares,  the  owner 
is  not  willing  to  risk  Improved  machinery  In 
tlieir  hands.  If  the  lands  of  the  South  were 
worked  for  wages,  it  would  soon  become  the 
study  of  land  owners  to  reduce  the  cost  of  culti- 
vation to  a  minimum,  and  to  do  this,  improved 
machinery  would  soon  be  introduced  and  the 
country  vastly  benefitted  ;  but  as  things  are  now, 
I  am  afraid  it  will  be  many  days  before  this 
occurs.  Low-priced  cotton  will  doubtless  hurry 
the  day  ;  lor  whenever  eotton  is  sold  on  the  mar- 
ket at  six  cents  per  pound,  it  will  l>ecome  the 
stvuly  of  its  produi'crs  to  reduce  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction, and  this  reduced  cost  must  come  through 
the  introduction  of  improved  machinery  and 
laV>or-saving  devices.  The  two  most  expensive 
items  in  making  a  cotton  crop,  are  the  common 
weed  hoe,  and  the  gathering  by  hand  of  the  crop. 
The  principal  item  of  expense  is  the  last,  which 
has  never  been  less  tlian  57.50  per  bale  of  -KH) 
pounds  lint,  nearly  two  cents  per  jiound  Unt 
cotton.  Take  off  this  item  and  that  of  the  hoe, 
and  cotton  can  be  produced  for  four  cents,  or  less, 
per  pound. 

This  part  of  the  country  (Yazoo  Delta),  is  par 
excellence  the  great  cotton  producing  section,  it 


is  in  this  basin,  and  other  portions  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley,  that  the  negro  delights;  it  is  here- 
that  he  is  fast  congregating;  it  is  in  this  cony^res- 
sional  District  where  may  be  found  Mississippi 
negro  minority— knowing  this,  it  is  easy  to  con- 
elude  that  improved  farm  machinery  will  not  be 
introduced  for  years  to  come.  They  own  but 
little  land,  and  have  no  desire  to  own  any,  pre- 
fering  to  form  no  home  ties,  but  remain  free  to  go 
and  come  at  will.  They  are  all  renters,  or  share 
workers;  paying  more  for  rent  of  land  in  twelve 
months,  tt^an  most  people  are  willing  to  pay  for  a 
title  in  "fee  simple."  They  keep  down  all  com- 
petition from  foreigners  and  native  whites,  and 
arc  ahrat/ff  given  the  preference.  It  is  not  re- 
quired that  he  should  give  reference  as  to  his 
reliability  or  character.  The  veriest  pauper 
among  them  can  lease  land  on  as  good  terms  as 
the  best,  and  obtain  all  tlie  "  credit"  he  wishes. 
He  will  be  furnished  with  teams,  farming  imple- 
ments and  subsistence  for  liimself  and  family,  all 
to  be  paid  out  of  the  crop  to  be  made.  No  white 
man  can  do  this.  He  must  come  recommended, 
and  be  able  to  supply  his  own  teanis,  Ac,  and 
even  then,  planters  would  rather  not  lease  to 
him. 

Xow  there  can  be  no  question  that  the  iJlanta- 
tion  would  be  more  profitable  under  lease  to  the- 
negi'o,  hence  this  preference.  I  say  more  profita^- 
ble,  because  the  negro  si>ends  every  dollar  he 
makes  at  the  plantation  store,  and  is  ready  to  re- 
peat it  year  after  year.  The  Valley  will  never 
beciime  a  first-class  agricultural  country  under 
this  systeni— lands  will  rapidly  deteriorate.  If 
the  present  large  plantations  were  divided  in 
traets  to  suit  purchasers,  they  would  soon  be 
btmght  up  liy  thrifty  white  farmers,  and  brought 
to  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  jind  in  a  few  yeai>- 
the  Mississippi  and  Hed  Itiver  Valleys  would 
produce  cotton  sufticient  to  supply  tlie  world's 
demand. 

There  is  more  money  ingrowing  cotton  than 
almost  any  staple  crop  grown.  Like  other  busi- 
ness, however,  it  must  be  conducted  proju-rly. 
and  not  like  a  certain  **  I^and  t'onipany  "  or  syn- 
ilicatc  I  know  of,  who  entered  into  the  business 
some  two  or  three  years  ago,  and  are  in  liquida- 
tion tf>-day.  To  begin  with,  they  were  iinpose<l 
upon,  and  made  pay  three  times  the  value  of  the 
land.  I  wituld  be  willing,  to-<lay,  to  engage  m> 
servU'es  to  capitalists  entering  this  busines.s,  and 
a<:copt  for  those  survi<'es,  <ift  over  V2\K,  per  c<'nt.  on 
tlieir  investment,  that  the  property  will  pay 
annually.  But,  I  should  wish  to  negotiate  for  Ihe 
proi)t'rty,  not  trust  to  them,  as  they  would  bi- 
sure  to  pay  just  double  what  I  could  obtain  it  for ; 
and  I  would  want  the  management  of  the  labor, 
Ac,  It  witl  pai/ovi-r  \'1\„  per  cut  annuiilly  without 
fail,  and  the  property  sell  for  M'hat  it  (rost  at  any 
time — but  I  digress.  I  hope  yet  to  see  the  cott<in 
lands  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  owned  by  tlirifty 
white  fanners,  in  tracts  ranging  from  4(1  to  Itib 
acres.  Then  the  world  would  soon  learn  what  a 
country  we  have  here.  It  is  true  that  much  ol 
our  Valley  land  is  subject  to  overflow,  but  this 
does  not  prevent  fine  crops  from  growing  f-n  rj/ 
year.  The  Waters  come  over,  usually,  in  March, 
and  are  gone  by  May,  in  ample  time  for  planting, 
and  the  water  serves  to  fertilize  the  soli. 

[Mj'next  will  l_^e  on  the  several  crops  adapted 
to  this  soil  and  climate;  their  yield,  cost,  &c. 
This  to  be  followed  by  fruits,  stock,  &c.] 


ANOTHER   CHEAP  CISTERN. 

Jty  U\  C.  .Stfftr,  SwUzcj'kunt,  Florida 


There  are  some  soils  where  the  cement  cistern 
cannot  be  made,  and  stone  cannot  be  had,  and 
brick  is  too  ixpensive.  In  that  ease  a  cist<?rn  can 
still  becheaply  made,  as  described  below.  I  have 
seen  several  of  tiuni  in  wse  within  the  la.st  year. 

Begin  by  making  a  square  or  circular  excava^ 
tion  from  two  to  four  feet  deep.  ac<'()rding  tx>  the 
lirmness  of  the  soil,  and  of  such  size  jis  suits  you- 
Make  the  sides  perpendicular,  cement  thebottoui 
and  sides  as  described  in  the  February  number. 
From  the  surface  build  up  a  brick  wall  of  suffi- 
cient height  to  make  the  cistern  lus  large  as  de- 
sired, ('eiiicnt  this  wall  the  same  as  Ujpon  the 
earth  bebfW.  Cover  the  whole  with  plank.  Thi.s 
makes  equally  as  good  a  cistern  jis  either  of  tbe 
others,   is  much   cheaper  than  all  brick,  and  is 


50 


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THE  BIGGEST  THING  OUT  '^y,?!;,^^^?^'* 

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t 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN 


often  the  onlv  practicable  way.  In  many  parts 
of  Ibe  country  It  is  desirable,  ami  often  necessary, 
to  use  cistern  water  for  drinkin-;  and  cooking. 
In  all  such  cases  it  should  be  liltcrcd.  The  best 
(and  on  the  whole  the  cheypcst  in  the  end)  is 
made  of  brick.  Build  up  a  well  of  bric-k  two  feet 
square  in  the  niiilille  of  the  cistern,  setting'  thrni 
on  edge,  and  takinj;  ^'ood  care  that  rill  I  In'  si;itiis 
are  well  closed  Willi  cement.  Use  only  soil  brick 
for  this  tilter.  Tlie  water  can  be  pumped  from 
this  well  iis  fa.st  as  needed.  If  the  cistern  is  built 
squivre  it  is  often  divided  by  a  well  In  this  way, 
the  water  allowed  to  flow  into  one  side,  and  Is 
pumped  out  from  the  other.  In  this  case  it  is 
better  to  dig  the  half  from  which  you  pump  a 
httle  deeper  than  the  other. 

I  think  that  many  people  wcxild  be  healthier  if 
they  used  cistern  water  for  driukiug  instead  of 
■well  water.  Many  ca*es  of  fever  and  bilious 
attacks  are  caused  by  impurities  in  the  well 
water.  Cistern  water,  if  properly  Altered,  is 
always  wliolesomi-,,  and  thouijh  often  unpalata- 
ble at  flrst,  is  soon  rilislicd  lienerthan  any  other. 
I  know  this  hist  statement  to  be  true  from  perso- 
nal experience. 


r 


EMPLOYERS  AND   EMPLOYES. 

ifi/  John  M.  Staid,  Qitinrn.  III. 

There  are,  and  doubtless  always  will  be,  em- 
ployers and  employes,  and  out  of  the  relations 
and  feeling  existing  between  these  two  classes 
grow  many  of  the  things  which  vex  and  perplex 
both.  It  might  be  better,  as  some  iussert,  if  we 
had  no  employes  m  agriculture,  if  every  man 
were  a  land  owner;  but  we  must  accept  things  a« 
they  are,  not  as  they  might  be,  and  a  better  un- 
derstanding of  the  rights  and  duties  of  the  farm 
hands  and  of  their  employers,  would  be  to  the 
advantagi-  of  both. 

The  employer  is  apt  to  complain  of  or  to  com- 
mend only,  the  quantity  and  quulity  oMhe  work 
performed  by  employes.  The  nujral  iharacter  or 
intelligeMce  of  the  employe  is  rarely  inquired 
after  when  he  is  liired,  or  condemned  or  coiu- 
mended  afterward.  This  ignoring  of  everything 
above  muscular  capacity,  is  an  injury  to  the  em- 

loyer  and  a  wrong  uixin  the  laborer.    For  aught 

know,  there  was  a  time— the  time  of  wooden 
moldboards,  scythes,  sickles  and  flails— when 
ngthing  of  inteiligence  was  absolutely  essential 
to  the  value  of  the  farm  laborer,  and  when  the 
name  of  "hand"  was  not  a  libel  upon  liim ;  but 
it  takes  a  thoughtlul  man,  and  one  possessing 
that  good  judgment  which  is  the  outgrowth  of 
intelligence  alone,  to  manage  the  farm  machin- 
ery now  ;  and  who  will  say  in  tliese  days  « if  sharp 
competition  and  narrow  margins  tin-  larni  lai)'>rer 
Bhould  not  have  a  knowledge  of  the  besl  nielliods 
and  the  ability  and  disposition  to  cmx)loy  theiu  ? 
Hence,  he  should  have  not  only  a  good  general 
education,  such  ji.s  can  be  acquired  at  our  public 
schools,  but  he  should  be  a  n^ad^,M■,  yes,  more,  a 
«(u<i«n<  of  agricultural  books  ami  papers.  Not  to 
recognize  this  fact,  is  to  put  all  farm  laboivrs 
upon  the  same  U-vel,  and  thai  level  the  plane  of 
the  brute.  It  puts  tlie  good,  intelligent  laliorerat 
a  great  disadvantage,  and  there  is  not  the  leiust 
advantage  accruing  thereby  to  the  ignorant, 
thoughtless  employe.  It  is  as  when  all  the  pota- 
toes, large  and  small,  are  otlVred  for  sale  togcliier ; 
the  lot  hrimrs  only  the  price  the  smaller  ones 
would  if  ottered  se]>arat4'ly.  Ho,  under  present 
conditions,  all  classes  of  farm  laborers  are  brought 
to  the  level  of  the  poorest;  the  latter  are  not 
raised  ti>  the  plaue  tnose  who  aie  l)ettcr  s)n)uid 
occupy.  It  is  true  that  some  laborers  command 
higher  wages  than  others,  and  this  may  be  in 
part  owing  to  greater  intelligonce,  but  there  is  no 
eont^erted  action  annjng  farmers  to  grade  farm 
laljorers.  and  the  first,  and  generally  the  last  re- 
commemlation  is  brute  force. 

In  a  large  majority  of  cases  tlie  laborer  becomes 
one  of  his  employers  family,  eating  with  them  at 
the  same  table  and  oe<'upying  the  same  room 
with  them  during  the  evening.  It  is  one  of  our 
country  notions  which  I  shall  be  sorry  to  sec  go, 
and  whicli  is  not  likely  to  depart  soon,  that  tiie 
employe  is  none  the  less  a  man  becau.se  he  is  an 
employe;  and  the  farmer  who  i-onsiders  himself 
above  his  laborer,  and  excludes  the  latter  from 
his  table  and  fireside,  is  very  unpopular.  But, 
though  such  may  be  the  case,  the  family  will 
associate  with  the  laljorer  at  times,  and  if  he  is 
obscene  and  hlaspln'inous  in  his  language,  <-on- 
taminati(m  is  certain.  The  farmer  cannot  rightly 
blame  his  sons  for  swearing,  when  In-  keeps  in 
his  employ  a  man  who  uses  oaths;  and  he  must 
blame  himself  if  his  daught^-r  has  a  mind  be- 
smirched when  he  takes  a  libertine  into  his 
family.  Farm  hands  are  as  moral  as  any  claiis  of 
men;  but  there  arc  black  sheep  among  them, 
and  therefore,  all  should  be  required  lo  present 
evidences  of  decency  and  morality  l)elore  they 
are  employed.  At  present,  morality  in  the  farm 
laborer  counts  nothing  for  him,  as  immorality 
weighs  not  against  him ;  some  employers  may 
refuse  t^>  hire  an  intlecent  man,  but  too  often  we 
prize  a  big  muscle  above  a  pure  heart.  We  thus 
wrong  our  children,  endanger  our  homes  and  our 
peace  of  mind,  and  are  unjust  to  those  laborers 
who  order  their  lives  aright.  There  should  be 
concerted  action  among  employers  to  grade 
laborers  according  to  intelligence  and  morality; 
and  this  would  be  to  the  advantage  of  the  labor- 
ing ehuss,  elevating  many  and  det^rading  none. 

The  employe  is  apt  to  complain  of  overwork 
and  harsh  treatment.  Too  often  he  ha«  Just 
grounds  for  this  complaint;  and  this  is  because 
his  intelligence  and  morality  are  not  considered. 
He  is  put  on  the  same  level  as  the  brute,  and  too 
often  treated  as  a  Itrute.  It  is  not  supposed  that 
he  has  any  fi-elitigs  above  the  brute;  tnat  he  has 
any  pride  or  aspiialions.  Hence,  he  is  offended, 
wounded  in  his  pride,  abused  ana  driven.  Fon^c 
Ls  sought  to  be  employed  when  kindness  should 
be  exercised  and  would  accomplish  the  desired 
result    The  object  is  to  get  out  of  him  the  most 


work  possible ;  no  weatlier  is  too  severe  for  him  ; 
and  if  lie  is  tired  or  sufiers  from  exposure,  he  is 
given  less  thought  and  receives  less  pity  than  if 
he  were  a  valuable  horse.  Not  all  farm  laborers 
are  so  treated,  but  many  are;  and  it  all  proceeds 
from  the  notion  that  the  labore]:isonly  a  "hand," 
withcnit  a  head  or  heart.  Require  more  of  him, 
and  more  will  be  given.  So  long  as  he  is  as  the 
brute,  he  is  apt  to  suffer  from  overwork  and 
harsh  treatment;  but  let  him  be  a  man,  and  his 
rights  and  feelings  will  be  considered. 

Change,  in  this  way,  the  rehitions  existing 
between  employers  and  empl<iyes,  ;ind  you  will 
also  change  the  feeling  existim;  belweu  them. 
At  present,  that  feeling  is  too  <ilten  aiilngonistic; 
the  employer  determines  to  see  how  much  work 
he  can  iiet  fnuii  the  laborer,  and  the  latter  deter- 
mines to  give  as  little  as  possible.  There  are 
complaints  from  both  parties,  and  good  cause  for 
them.  This  unhappy  relation  engenders  bad 
feeling.  The  employer  takes  no  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  employe,  and  vice  versa.  On  one 
hand  rights  are  disregarded,  and  on  tlie  other 
hand  work  is  shirked."  Fstablish  akiiidiy  feeling 
between  the  parties  and  the  laborer  will  do  his 
work  diligently  and  well.  He  will  do  what  he 
can  to  advance  his  emi)loyer's  interests.  The 
employer  will  treat  him  more  considerately. 
Both  parties  will  be  benefitted. 

But  h  iw  can  this  relation  and  feeling  be 
changed?  First,  re<iuire  more  ot  the  laborer. 
( 'ompi'l  him  to  jiresent  testimonials  as  to  his  in- 
telligence and  morality  fnnu  former  employers. 
This  will  at  once  elevate  the  farm  laborer  to  the 
same  plane  as  th"  clerk,  accountant  or  other 
skilled  laborer.  T.'iis  will  accomplish  much. 
Yet,  more  will  be  accomplished  by  reducing  the 
contract  of  hiring  to  writing,  and  in  it  embody- 
ing all  the  rights  and  duties  of  both  parties.  It 
will  be  poor  economy  to  be  saving  of  ink  and 
paper.  Everj  poilit  should  be  mentioned.  When 
this  is  done,  both  parties  will  be  more  careful  tt> 
give  to  each  liisdn4's;  and  the  mutual  respect- 
that  respect  tliat  a  man  feels  for  a  ;*(f//i— existing 
between  employers  and  employes  will  precludi" 
ill  feelings  and  quarrels. 


INTENSIVE   FARMING. 


lij/  John  E.  li/wt. 

The  tendency  of  wide-awake,  energetic?  farmers, 
especially  of  those  who  live  in  a  comparatively 
new  country, where  land  is  abundant,  productive, 
and  not  very  costly,  is  to  adopt  an  extensive 
rather  than  an  intensive  method  in  the  manage- 
ment of  their  business.  They,  want  to  keep  a 
gri'at  deal  of  land  undir  the  plow,  grow  large 
aii'-as  of  wliout  ami  tx>rn,  and  conduct  all  their 
oi)erations  on  an  extended  and  an  everdncreas- 
in-i  scale. 

Within  certain  limits,  this  is  a  laudable  ambi- 
ticm-  It  is  well  for  a  man  to  try  to  do  something 
worthy  of  his  powers,  to  take  a  deep  interest  in 
his  business,  and  to  endeavor  to  extend  and 
make  it  profitable.  But,  unfortunately,  in  prac- 
ti<'e,  an  extensive  business  does  not  always  mean 
an  increase  in  the  profit  which  it  will  yield  when 
conducted  on  a  more  mfxlerate  basis.  It  is  possi- 
ble to  attemi^t  loo  much.  The  manufacturer 
finds  it  necessary  to  gauge  the  volume  of  business 
which  he  carries  on,  by  the  amount  of  capital  at 
his  command.  Jf  he  neglects  this  precaution, 
and  attempts  to  do  more  than  he  is  able  toper- 
form,"  he  is  soon  brought  into  financial  difficul- 
ties. If  he  can  only  obtain  sufficient  mateiial 
for  a  certain  quantity  of  goods,  it  is  worse  than 
useless  for  him  X<>  attempt  to  make  a  larger 
amount.  In  all  commercial  lines,  as  well  as  in 
manufacturing,  the  moans  at  command,  the  caji- 
ital  with  which  to  prosecute  the  work,  is  the  one 
safe  guide  in  determining  the  scale  upon  which 
business  is  to  be  i)ursued. 

The  same  principle  ought  to  guide  In  the  work 
of  the  farm.  The  aim  should  not  be  to  extend  to 
the  utmost  limit  that  can  possibly  be  reached, 
but  to  do  just  what  can  be  done  with  the  highest 
degree  of  profit.  The  eliort  should  not  be  made 
to  see  how  large  a  business  can  be  carried  on,  but 
to  find  how  to  make  what  is  attempted  yield  the 
largest  return.  If  a  farmer  has  sufficient  fertili- 
zers, teams  and  help  to  properly  cultivat-e  only 
fifteen  acres  of  corn,  the  eflort  to  grow  twenty 


acres  will  surely  diminish  the  profit  which  could 
be  secured  from  the  smaller  area.  It  is  not  the 
quantity  of  food  tliat  is  eaten,  but  the  q.uantity 
that  is  digested  and  assimilated,  that  makes  a 
man  strong.  So  it  is  with  the  farni  crops.  It  is 
not  the  extent  of  the  field  that  is  tilled,  but  the 
quantity  and  value  of  the  crop  thatds  secured, 
which  determines  whether  the  crop  has  or  has 
not  been  ]irofitablc.  \  five-acre  field  sometimes 
yields  more  real  profit  than  one  four  times  as 
large.  Large  crops  on  sniali  areas  invariably  pay 
better  than  small  crops  on  large  areiis.' 

In  many  cases  the  fertilizers  applied  to  a  ten- 
acre  field  of  corn  would  have  given  a  Uirger  crop, 
with  mueh  less  expense  for  labor,  if  they  had 
been  put  on  only  eight  acres.  Cleaner  culture 
could  have  been  given  to  the  smaller  area,  the 
land  would  have  been  left  in  much  better  condi- 
tion for  the  succeeding  crop,  and  the  other  two 
acres  could  have  been  ilevoted  to  some  other 
crop,  or  allowed  to  produce  their  natural  yield 
of  grass. 

In  revising  the  plans  for  the  work  of  the  coming 
season,  it  will  be  much  iM'tter  to  consider  how 
much  manure  and  labor  it  will  be  best  to  devote 
to  a  limited  area,  than  it  will  be  to  endeavor  to 
find  how  large  a  field  can  possible  be  cultivated. 
It  will  pay  better  to  grow  lour  hundred  bushels 
of  corn  on  six  acres  of  land,  thanit  will  to  go  over 
ten  acres  for  that  quantity.  To  secure  it  from 
the  smaller  aren,  will  recpiin*  much  labor  and  a 
liberal  use  i)ij:iertilizers.  In  other  word?.,  itwill 
necessitate  the  adoption  of  an  intensive  system 
of  farming.  The  extensive  system  would  require 
a  wider  field.  It  would  api>ear  to  oe  alarger  busi- 
ness. The  farmer  who  adopted  it  would  appear 
to  be  doing  much  more  than  one  who  followed 
the  intensive  plan;  but  the  latter  would  make 
the  most  money  and  be  far  better  satisfied  with 
the  result  of  the  season's  wtn'k. 

This  plan  is  not  recommended  either  as  a 
theory  or  as  an  experiment  Its  practical  value 
has  been  demonstrated  by  a  large  number  ol  the 
most  successful  farmers  in  this  country  and  in 
Great  Britian.  We  have  no  doubt  that  many 
readers  of  this  article  will  admit  that  their  exper- 
ience is  similar  to  that  of  the  writer,  which  has 
been  that  the  best  paying  crops  he  has  ever  pro- 
duced has  been  grown  on  moderate  areasof  land, 
which  were  heavily  manured  and  thoi'oughly 
cultivated.  Thes(^  readers  will  need  no  recom- 
mendation to  follow  the  same  cour.se  in  the 
luture.  Those  who  have  never  testeil  it  will,  we 
arc  confident,  consult  their  own  interests  by 
giving  intensive  farming  a  fair  trial  during  the 
seast)n  which  is  near  at  hand. 


UV  art'  'jaiiiiiifj  m<iny  urw  siibfiei'lbrrs,  and 
want  to  keep  a//  our  old  ones  too.  Wc  like  a  large 
J'amily  of  rcadcra.  IIV  can  talk  so  much  better  to 
t/oic  when  you  are  altogether. 

O.  IT.  Marston,  Stoneliam,  Mjuss.  :  "  I  vsihie  Ihe  paper, 
au(.f  do  lait  wuni  tu  lose  a  inimber." 

A.  T.  WJiite.  St.  Paul.  Howard  County,  Neh. ;  "  I  taUe 
eiKlit  pujifi's.  ijiU  I  think  more  of  Thk  Farm  anu  Gau- 
DEN,  than  all  llie  rest  pnMogether." 

Duvid  Fiinn'\-,  illytliedale,  Pa:  "T  am  very  unich 
pl'-ased  wiUi  yum'  paper.  I  enclose  an  order  l'i»r  it  and 
Meech's  Prolflic  Quuice,  which  I  wish  sent  in  spring. 

C.  W.  Griggs,  WilliamAport,  Pa.  writes  of  The  Farm 
AN'i>  Gakdkn.  "  r  would  renew  at  ad  events,  for  it 
comes  the  liandsuniest  and  cleanest  of  a  ball  dozeu 
agricultural  papers." 

Riilierlson  Bros.,  87  Queen  Street,  Toronto,  Oanada : 
"We  send  twelve  subserihors  to  The  Fakm  and  Gau- 
DKN'.  1  liui  sure  they  will  lie  pleased  wiili  it,  fui*  il  is  the 
'  daisiest'  paper  1  ever  saw  *' 

S.  II,  Waftman,  Millville,  Mass.,  sends  a'rlub  of  seven 
subscribers,  and  says :  "  I  hke  your  pai)er  for  its  seaaoti- 
able  practicable  bints.  It  does  not  lell  us  wluii  cau  and 
ought  to  be  done ;  f>ul  tioiv  to  do  it." 

I  Henry  C.  riiajunaii,  Ijoiiisville,  Ky..  wrili-s:  "  A  friend 
I  Kave  nie  tlie  January  i.iuiibei  ;  I  took  h  buine  nud  read 
il  carefully  ilni  ti'/ii,  and  nui'^i  say  it  eont.-iins  more 
nmnriion  setisf'  and  n^iclul  iiifornialion  tu  the  square 
I  iueh  than  any  oiber  jiaper  I  ever  read." 


I 


INI  AGARA  WHITE  GRAPE.  KAKLBOBO  Kljpberry. 
H.  S.  AMDEB80S.  CnioD  Sprmga.  H■YyOatal.^gne.?rc^ 


onTllTnrCf'I'n'ce  S>ced.    101   Kinds.    Senator 

r":  1,1"     Geo.  A.  Bonnell,  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 


TlioiMiiielibi-ed  Corn  ami  Sniiasli  Se<'ds 

I'irriiliirs  tniil  Sitinplt\t  FKKK. 
.fEFTS  &:  <'0..  Afilibj.  .»lassacliusi-lt^i. 


VnllMr>  MTM  I'^Tii  Tricteriipliy  nr  SHOUT 
TUUNU  mLll  I1.\ND.  Sllc2t:onsturnisheil.  Send  lor 
terms.    Coin,  and  U.  K.  Tel.  Cidlcgu,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

-iTTTTTrn-p  nXTTT'Tl'  TlieFlNRST  M'^niiur- 
WmiXj  VrXllXiX  ,   K  Alll-Y    I'OTATO  IN 

THE  WOUri).  r  p  PI  nun  3214  Woodhncl  Ave.. 
tJIKCIILAKS.    E..  r.  l<l.UUU,vi|est  Philadelphia,  Pa 

no  YOUK   «I\VN  STAMPIN*; 

with  inif  Artistic  Prilterns  for  Piii- 

broidi'rv;    easily    trunsferrod    and 

ran  In-  used  titty  times  over.   Outlit 

_  'Kant   patterns.'with  material,  etc., 

PATTEN  PUB.  CO.,  38  W.  Ulh  St.,  N.  Y. 


LADIES 

post-paid  of  rJS   E! 

leOets     


'P.  !S.  CAUII.4«;E.     the    best    seeds  in  Ihr 

,;,rld  suj.i.li,  ,1  i,„  ISAAC  F.  TILLINGHAST,  La  Plume.  Pa.    - 


DCfDD^^  Plant,*.  Niagnva,  Pjivi'y.  Sii>der,i 
DCKrZ  B  !>I:triboro.  CntLiM  rl  un.l  ail.  JS:  nj/ 
L€<tf  free.     E.  B.  Uudei'hiti,  Poiiglikecpsie,  N.  V. 


ONGS 


IHO  comic  &  ppntlmpntal  son^-a 
furTK>CKNTSA;c:italof:ue,.l- 
]yiusk-:ilGoeds./rtf.  Biyiin  A'^'o 
7(»9  Broadway,  Neu  \oi-ii. 


A  ^  p^  B^  ^  I  Our  Annual  Illustrated  Catalopuo  of  Field, 
OC^&  L#0  I  *->>r'1>'ii.  iin'l  rinv\<r  S<-<-<ls,  rL-a<lv  ii<>\v,  muik-a 
FOR  THE  SOUTH.  |te:''::'';:n'*wi'''«  f*""***^":"  ^eedCo., 


DONT  BUY  BERRY  PLANTS    ""  " 
E.  VAN  ALLEN, 


my  I'rire-list 
Fi'ce  to  all, 


JS,'t)ilcli4-in  Cell. 
N.  Y. 


100,000,000  Evergreens  •I'J.IK?^" 

40  varifttow.    .'511  els.  pel- 1000  and  upward. 

All  sites.  One  Year  old.  13  Six  Feet  high.  Catalogues  FREE 

GEO.  PINNEY,  STl!|t(;E«fN  U.\Y.  \Y1S. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


Oi^6HAr?D  AND  Small  Fi^uits 


HYDE'S   KEEPER. 

This  new  apple  orijiinaliMi  in  i  'oluinbia  CDunty^ 
Ohio,  and  is  un  accidental  scrdlins  found  in  a 
fencecorner.  Hence,  our  readers  will  see  that  it 
is  not  ti  seedling  of  line  >;arden  culture,  that  will 
prove  poor  in  orchard  culture,  as  many  oC  the 
more  finely-^ntwn  seedlinixs  do.  The  anple,  us 
■will  be  seen  by  the  cut,  which  is  re(hu*ed  about 
one-half,  is  very  Iarj;e.  The  cut  was  niaiU^  from 
a  specimen  that  was  over  twclvi  in<*hes  in  cSr- 
cumfen'uce,  and  wei'^hed  eltjh.  ounces.  The 
form  of  the  apple  is  roundish  obhde.  and,  as  tlie 
cut  shows,  the  sides  are  uneven.  This  apple  may 
best  be  described  as  enuallnj;  in  size  the  I-allawa- 
ter  and  the  beauty  of  color  of  the  Maiden's  Btusli 
and  K.valt.  We  can  say  of  this  new  apple,  that 
we  knov  of  no  upple  of  nuerappearance  than  the 
Hvde,  and  ii.  -lua-.ty  we  consider  it  very  jj;ood. 
We  are  testing  the  variety  on  our  grounds,  and 
find  it  to  be  n  jrood  grower,  witli  slim  uprl;;hl 
branches,  and  *li"  leaf  Is  covered  wltii  a  whit<' 
down  that  gi.is  the  leaf  a  sini^ularly  wliitish 
appearance.  "We  shall  have  more  to  say  <if  tills 
apple  upon  a  more  extended  trial.  We  are  test- 
insi  a  large  nnmi>er  of  apples,  ami  we  sliall  jrive 
notes,  as  they  come  into  .)earin^,  as  to  their  value 
and  productiveness.  The  Hyde  is  said  to  l»e  a 
g«Ktd,  but  not  an  early  ticarer;  and  from  wiial  wi* 
see  of  it,  will  retiuire  a  heavy  soil,  or  at  least  one 
rich  in  potash. 


Keep  the  surface  soil  of  newly-set  trees  mellow. 
The  soil  will  not  get  so  dry  when  mellow.  Keep 
all  grass  and  weeds  away.  A  bucketful  of  water 
in  a  dry  season  will  pay  lor  the  trouble.  Tlie 
more  you  care  for  your  trees  the  more  they  will 
prosper. 

The  Baldwin  Apple.— A  correspondent  of 
Massachusetts  Plmujltman  says  this  was  a  wild- 
ling  found  near  Wilmington,  Mass.,  by  Samuel 
TlKjmpson,  of  Woburu.  Grafts  were  taken  to 
Abijali  Tliompson,  whose  neighbor,  Col.  Baldwin, 
subsequently  distributed  theiu. 

The  rust  on  gooselierries  will  usually  disappear 
if  the  bushes  are  thinned,  and  the  old  wood 
taken  out,  and  the  soil  well  pulverized  around 
them,  the  grass  removed,  and  liberally  manured 
with  tine  manure  and  ashes.  The  berries  will 
show  avast  change  in  both  quantity  and  quality. 

If  you  intend  to  forget  to  train  your  grape  vines 
next  month,  and  trim  them  after  it  is  too  late,  or 
not  trim  them  them  at  all,  as  is  sometimes  the 
(.ase,  it  would  be  better  to  do  it  now,  although 
late.-  would  do  as  well.  For  tea"  you  may  forget 
it  you  had  best  attend  .oit  the  ^rst  pleasant  day. 
That  is  the  wa..'  to  lie  '^ureof  i;,  and  have  it  done. 

Plant  all  your  early  applcj.  \i\  the  hog  lot  near 
1  the  house;  your  fruit  will  be  finer  and  hardy  for 
use.  The  hogs  will  consume  the  fallen 
worms  and  all,  aiul  in  a  few  years  youi 
will  be  almost  tree  from  worms.  'When  late 
apples  and  early  apjues  are  planted  near  each 
other,  the  e.i  ly  ai)ples  make  the  late  apples 
wormy.    Kvej)  them  apart. 


apple 
api  ■ 


« 


THE   WINTER    KILLED   IT. 


By  J.  (t.  Si'rrow.  FishK-ifl,  X.  V 


When  winter  has  pjissed  away  ami  the  llrst 
days  of  spring  appear,  the  fruit-grower  and  tliose 
interested  in  horticulture,  naturalli.'  enough. goes 
forth  to  examine  the  condition  ot  his  orchards, 
vineyards,  et<'.  He  e.tmes  to  a  Delaware  vine  or 
it  may  be  some  i)t her  variety  subject  to  mildew; 
lie  r-uis  through  the  bark  to  ascertain  its  condi- 
tion, and  he  tlnds  it  black  and  dry.  Heat  once 
decides  that  it  has  been  injured  by  the  winter, 
witliout  ever  stopping  to  thi'^k  ina'  it  might 
have  sullcred  ironi  some  other  ''ause  Had  he 
paused  for  little  ri'ilcction  on  the  weati.e.  during 
the  latter  part  of  the  past  summei  and  called  to 
mind  tlie  wet  and  humlil  atmosph.'re  of  .\ugust 
tit'  Several  da>s  iti  succession,  accompanied  hy 
scalding  sunshine,  followcvi  ^ain  by  showers. 
lie  would  Tio  ilovibt  have  remembered  the  tact 
that  his  vines  were  attacked  by  niiidew.  and  tliat 
much  of  the  foliage  bad  fallen  at  leaNl  six  weeks 
before  it  shouhl,  and  before  they  had  performed 
the  functions  re<iuired  by  nature— that  of  ripen- 
ing tile  woo<l  as  well  as  the  fruit.  And  here  rests 
the  true  cause  of  the  so-called  winter-killed  vines, 
for  when  the  leases  are  once  ofl"  no  further  pro- 

fress  is  nuide  in  ripening  eitlier  fruit  or  foliage, 
here  are  also  oilu-r  eau.ses  a.s  well,  that  at  times 
produ'^e  a  similar  injury  ;  exeessi\e  diy  weather 
auring  autumn  at  times  injures  the  roots  and 
arrests  the  progress  of  storing  the  necessary 
chemicals  required  to  properly  ripen  the  wood, 
or  excessive  wet  and  warm  weather  in  late 
autumn.  lolUnved  by  sudden  and  se\"ere  cold, 
with  little  or  no  frost  in  the  ground,  finds  the 
plant  in  an  unripe  condition;  the  wood  filled 
with  thin,  watery  sap  and  unprepared  for  severe 
■weather,  and  injured  <'anes  are  the  result.  Had 
the  season  been  a  regular  one  the  plant  would 
have  In-en  properly  ripened  and  thereiore  pro- 
nounced hardy.  But  this  damage  is  not  usually 
discovered  until  spring,  and  therefore  the  blame 
rests  upon  tlie  Frost-King.  The  same  may  alsp 
be  said  of  pea<'hes.  raspberries,  and  many  other 
forms  of  vegetable  life. 


'     The  Wild   (ioose   plum  is  a  very  prolific  and 

'  valuable  variety  for  the  South.     We  saw  an  or- 

I  chard   of   Wild    (ioose    plums    in    (ieorgia    four 

years  planted  tiiat  had  netted  the  <»wner  ?250  per 

acre  Irom  one  crop.    They  bear  finely  in  that 

climate,    and    are   very    salable.      In    the    more 

J  Northern  stales  tlie  cold  injures  the  fruit  buds, 

1  and  they  are  seldom  proline. 

!  Among  the  hardy  apples  suited  for  the  North- 
west, on  account  of  hardiness,  we  should  name 
l>uchess  of  (Uderiburg  Vel'ow  Transjiarent.  Hed 
Aslrachan,  Summer  Harvey,  lUni  .luni-.   Sweet 

!  June,  Famense,  Fall  Orange,  Wcallhv,  Haas, 
(jrimcs  Golden    I'lppin,  Wilfow  Twig,  IVnnock, 

I  WallbridgCj   IVwauke    and  Wolf   RiV4'r,     These 

;  liave  been  tound  to  be  hardy  and  reliable. 

Wc  give  from  time  to  time,  cuts  of  the  best  and 
most  desirable  fruits,  with  a  description  of  them, 
with  an  act-ount  ofMiiland  section  in  which  they 
succeed  best.  This  is  a  new  feature  in  Pomologl- 
cul  Journals,  and  we  are  glad  we  can  aid  the 
reiwfer  in  a  knowledge  of  the  dillerent  fruits,  and 
the  probable  value  to  litm  in  his  own  section. 
We  believe  in  being  practical,  and  write  for  pruc- 
tleal  people. 

If  the  trees  you  set  this  spring  are  large  and 
not  well  nioted.  set  them  deeply,  and  pack  the 
dirt  as  solid  as  possible  arountl  llie  roots  which 
sliould  be  carefully  spread  out,  and  the  ends  of 
the  roots  set  so  tlie  tree  will  be  braced  by  the 
roots.  By  deep  planting  the  trees  will  get  more 
moisture,  and  will  be  firmer  in  the  soil,  and  will 
not  blow  over  and  be  lost.  Well-rooted,  plant 
the  same  as  they  were  in  the  nursery. 

The  Moticeilo,  Virginia,  Farmer^  says  (tf  the 
yield  of  grapes:— "The  first  crop  of  Concord  and 
Ives  (Vines  two  years  planted i.  will  average  four 
)>ounds  to  the  vine,  the  N()rt«Mi  and  (_>-nthia 
about  the  same  numlxT  of  pounds.  The  IVentiss 
he  cstinntles  the  yield  at  ;V)(K)  to  -HKX)  pounds  per 
acre."  At  the  number  of  vines  reported,  tCiO  per 
acre  will  make  the  yield  of  the  I'rentiss  to  aver- 
age over  five  and  a  half  and  six  pounds  per  vine. 

The  Belltlower  apple  is  yet  successfully  eulliva^  : 
ted  where  the  soil  is  low  and  moist.    We   knt>w 
of  a  few  trees  that  nroduced  in  a  soil  of  tlnit  kind  ' 
one  hundred  barrels  of  apnles,  and  were  sold  for 
three  hundred  and  fil^y  dollars.     In  dryer  soils 
they  failed  to  produce  a  crop.    The  Bellnower  is  , 
\y<HiT  in  pollen,  and  frequently  bears  better  when 


planted  near  any  variety  rich  in  poUen.       We 
have  much  that  can  be  observed  with  profit   in 

fruit  growing. 

C.  W.  Griggs,  Williamsport,  Pa.,  asks  if  the 
Kieffer  and  Le  Conte  pears  can  be  grown  from 
cuttings  set  in  tlie  spring,  the  same  as  grape 
vines'?  Answer:  Last  year  we  set  abcut  filty 
Kietter  cuttings,  to  see  if  they  would  strike  root 
We  bad  no  rain  for  weeks,  and  could  not  give 
them  a  fair  trial,  but  some  of  them  are  alive  yet 
and  we  tiiink  most  of  them  would  have  grown  ii 
the  season  had  been  favorable.  We  shall  try  it 
again.  Tlie  Le  Conte  does  not  do  as  well  North 
as  the  Kiefler,  but  takes  root  more  readily. 

Quince  trees  are  hrnefittcd  by  salt.  A  half- 
peek  spread  evenly  as  tar  as  the  roots  reach,  per- 
haps a  circle  of  ten  feet,  will  be  a  good  fertilizer. 
Do  not  put  it  in  a  heap  at  the  butt  of  the  tree,  for 
that  will  probably  kill  the  tree.  Never  put  man- 
ures around  tlie  l)Utt,  always  spread  evenly. 
There  are  no  roots  that  feed  the  tree  near  the  butt, 
and  the  manure  is  wasted.  The feedjng roots  are 
very  wide-spread.  l)o  not  make  a  manure  heap 
around  it,  and  think  you  have  d<me  a  wise  thing. 

Be  sure  and   plant  elierries   in  a  well-drained 
soil.     Standing  water  will  kill  cherry  trees  very 
\  quickly,  especially  as  soon  as  tliey  begin  to  bear. 
,  A  drained   soil   will   insure  healthy  trees.     We 
know  of   a  black   Tartarian  cherry   tree  thirty 
years  old  and  healthy,  that  was  planted  in  a  dry 
j  soil  near  the  kitchen,  where  it  received  the  slops 
I  from  the  kitchen,  and  bears  abundantly.    WhUe 
)  a  dozen  others  planted  near  it  died  for  the  want 
I  of  a  similar  treatment.    A  dry  soil  and   irriga- 
tions make  tlie  healthiest  cherry  tree. 

We  regret  we  have  to  announce  to  our  readers, 
the  deatli,  on  Sunday,  January  IStli,  of  that  good 
man  and  great  nomologist,  Charles  Downing,  of 
Newburg,  New  York.  ^Ir.  Downiug's  name  is 
known  as  the  greatest  authority  in  fruit  of  any 
in  the  Unitetl  States,  perhaps  we  may  also  say  of 
the  world.  His  work  on  "Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees 
of  America"'  will  long  be  the  standard  work  on 
American  Pomology.  Mr.  Downing  rea<'hed  the 
ripe  age  of  82  years,  and  closed  a  long  life  of  use- 
fulness. Few  men  are  so  well  known  and  so 
much  appreciated  during  life  as  was  Charles 
Downing. 

AVe  liave  made  some  iiK[uiries  about  the  Kiefier 
pear,  in  the  Philadclpliia  market**.  We  find  the 
opinion  well  established,  both  among  the  whole- 
sale dealers  and  retail  dealers,  tliat  the  Kieffer 
l)car  has  come  to  stay.  The  sales  are  increasing, 
and  as  we  unce  said,  the  pear  as  it  became  in  use, 
its  value  would  be  better  appreciated.  The  , 
quality  was  pronounced  by  all  tiiose  who  kept 
stands  on  the  streets,  as  good,  wlien  fully  ripe 
and  nielh)w,  and  gave  g<»od  satisfaction  to  con- 
sumers. We  have  no  interest  in  the  pear  or  any 
other  truit  we  describe  in  otir  columns,  nor  do 
we  wish  to  have,  but  rather  give  our  readers  the 
facts,  and  let  them  think  for  themselves. 

Tlie  experience  of  a  very  successful  strawberry 
grower  has  proved  with  liim  that  land  plaster, 
when  applied  to  the  strawberry  bed,  makes  the 
berries  more  brilliant,  though  lighter  in  color. 
Nitrate  of  soda  applied  at  tlie  rate  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  pounds  per  acre,  will  largely 
increase  the  size  of  the  leaves  and  berries,  but  at 
the  expense  of  the  flavor  and  firmness.  The 
Wilson  will  grow  where  the  nitrate  of  soda  Is 
used  with  much  larger  leaves  and  longer  foot- 
stalks, that  will  keep  the  fruit  from  the  sand  and 
scald,  and  make  a  brighter-crolored  berry,  yet 
will  be  firm  enough  to  ship.  While  the  Sharpless, 
treated  the  same  way,  will  be  so  luxuriant  in 
foliage  that  the  berries  will  fail  to  ripen,  and  be 
too  soft  f<tr  shipment,  and  insipid  in  tlavor.  High 
grade  sulphate  of  potash  improves  the  flavor, 
color,  and  firmness.  The  phospliate  increases 
the  yield. 


FRUIT   NOTES. 


If  you  liave  not  already  done  it,  do  not  forget 
to  give  the  blackberries  and  raspberries  a  little 
manure.    More  will  not  hurt  them. 

Cut  all  apple  and  other  limbs,  in  pruning,  close  ; 
such  woods  heal  soonest,  and  make,  the  liealthi- 
€St  tree.  I-ong  knots  left  in  trimming  are  un- 
sightly and  injurious. 

Take  pains  in  setting  trees,  and  you. save  stak- 
ing. Only  a  few  trees,  like  the  Limbertwig,  if 
well  set,  need  any  staking.  It  may  be  said  a  tree 
veil  set  is  well  staked. 

John  M.  Mere.litli,  Klwood.  N.  .1..  asks  if  the 
flowers  cif  tile  i|ninc4'  are  perfect,  tliat  is,  if  the 
male  and  I'emale  parts  of  tlie  fltiwersare  found  in 
the  same  blossom.  Answer:  Yes;  the  quince 
belongs  to  the  order  of  Rosacea',  and  like  the  rose 
has  perfect  flowers. 


wm  ^  P  P  O  P****    ^Prins    PloDtiDff. 

■      B^    ^"  ^^  ^^       Wc  offer  thr  largest  and  most 

*      "^   ^^  ^^  ^^  complete   gcueral  stock   in   the 

R^\   j2  p    ft    ^*-  ^--  besides  many  Ifoveltle*. 

\^    ^9  ^     ^    Priced   Catalogues    as    follows: 

GRIPE  VINES  n"-.T;et-.;;?:"N^.'3.Si 

Ulini   L       IllIkU    Fruits.  No.  4.  \\  hr,le>i.le.  No- 5, 
Roses,  free.  ELLWAN<.EK  &  BARKY, 

Mt.  Hope  Nunieries,  Kochester,  N.  V. 

1^     WOODRX7FF     — « 

Red  grapE 

Tlii>.  veil    lari.-)'  ami  li;ui<l<uiiu'   IIV.U   liUWV, 

is  now  oll.-iv.l  lor  the  lil^t  tiiii.-,  witlmut  lf-:>tt  ioliolis.  A 
seeillilie  of  Cuikmii'iI.  |ifi'tt'<-lly  linrdv  ;  KARLY 
anil  i:X(EEDlNr;l,V  I'ROFITAULl;.    Slnck  ti,i,- 

Uf:d.     Parlies  wishing  L-ilht-r  It)  prupaiiati-  or  lilaiit  lor 

Iruit.HhouIdap-  Tuart  II  Qpntt  ANN  ARBOR, 
Illy  at  uiwe  lo   tVan  11,  0(.UII,         MicbJBnii. 

WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN  SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

^SEE  MY  ^3-00  IIjISI"  OF 

SMALL  FRUITS  f#« 


npppipC^ti'l  ''i'"*'}/ them  can  b« 


^^■■"^  DLnniLO  grown  if  (/ou  follow  our 
■i^  ■  ^^  method.  Free  Catalojfue  describes  all 
varieties.    HATiE   BROS.,  So.  Glastonbury,  Coim. 


-5s^       1,8S3.9SS 

-'C'\  8*'awberry,    Ratpberrv.  Black- 
Tf  :  ^y  berry,  Curranlt,  Grapet, 

-^  O   iJi\  Includhifj  tlic  ulil   f-.|..-,l   an, I   u<v. 

-:--  \Jk  ^^  TiiriLtit-       Mtty   KIiiie.    MbfI- / 

■^    ^  b<ir«,    Kurly    I'luHter.    Fny,  ' 

'  C"    :  !N  i  u  K 11  r  II,   Coiii4?t.  K  tcffer, 

^   -  Friuh 


fM,   Ac 


^eiid  for 


>ioiei 
S.Cc 


John  S. Collins, Mooreslown, N.J. 


USE. 

An  cxceeilliiirly  liberal  offer,  u-,-  a  laree  assortment  .if  all  the 
!New  and  >>tiiiidnrd  Stnull  FniltH  and  f^rape  VlneH  at 
piipuf'tr  jTi-'  ^.   IlluHtrnttrd  I>i't<,-rlptive  CataloyiiL'  free.  Addr'a 

"■     ~  Cornwall-on-Hudsog,  I  (Succknsok  to 

New  York.         |  K.   P.   ROE.) 


H.  G.  CORNEY," 


ii/E  ie:  :e3  o  X3: '  s 
PROLIFIC  QUINCE 

'  The  most  celebrated  of  all  giiinres.  Kndorsed  by  all 
I  wiiu  have  wiinessfd  it  beiiditie  benejiih  its  burden  of 
I  rirli,  KoldPii  fniit  Sto<'k  ljiiiiite4l.  A  lull  line  of 
,  I'VtTNlhiiit;  t'»  he  JmiuhI  in  ;t  lii>l-.-la>s  rnirscr\.  A  sur- 
phiMot  PLUM  TREES  AND  CAROLINA  POPLARS  wi:i  be 
,  sold  cheap  tiy   the  liunilind  and  lti<nis;uid   lu  clear  the 

i  ground  for  buildint;  purposes,    seml  lor  I'rirc-liMt  and 
l>e!>>ci'iptive  Cntalogue,    Adll^e^•-. 
WEST   JERSEY  NURSERY   CO., 
R,  D.  COLE,  Secfy.  Bridgelon,    N.    J. 


550.000  CRAPE  VINES 


mt  Varieties.      Also  Small  Fniit» 

chcuii.    Illuatiated  descriptive  inice  list  free. 


Qualitv  unsurpassf'ti.    Warranted  tnie  to  name.    Very 
LEWIS   ROESCH,    Fredoula,  N.  *. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


HAVE   AN    APPLE   ORCHARD. 
By  On/tnnli.if. 

An  apple  orchard  is  not  made  in  a  day ;  it  is  a  i 
thing  of  slow  growth.    Many  conditions  are  ne-  | 
cesisary,  and  several  of  these  must  be  right,  before  j 
the  worl^  of  setting  the  trees  is  done.    The  site  is  i 
of  prime  importance.    A  tlioughtfiU  person  who  I 
contemplates  building  a  house,  is  quite  sure  lu 
look  the  ground  over  carefully,  and  locate  the  . 
building  where  it  will   be  most    healthful  and  | 
command  a  pleasing  outhmU.    In  like  manner,  j 
the  land  needs  to  be    naturally  suited    to    the  > 
growth  of  fruit  trees.    Never  choose  low,  cold,  ; 
spongy  land  for  an  orchard.     A  clay  bottom  to  ' 
the  soil  is  excetlent.    The  soil  should  be  in  a  con- 1 
dition  to  grow  a  good  crop  of  corn.    If  it  is  not 
naturally  rich,  make  it  fertile  by  using  an  abuiid- 1 
ance  of  barnyard  manure.    It  is  a  fatal  mistake'  < 
to  set  fruit  trees  out  in  a  meadow  or  pasture.    A 
growing  soil  is  not  congenial  to  newly  set  trees. 
A  man  should  know  that  a  certain  field  is  to  be  | 
made  into  an  orchard  for  at  least  three  years 
before  the  trees  are  set.    During  this  time  have  j 
the  soil  under  thorough  cultivation.    Let   hoed 
crops  be  raised  for  two  years,  and  abundantly  1 
manured.    This  will  bring  the  land  under  thor-, 
ough  tillage  before  the  trees  are  set.    It  must  be 
remembered  that  deep  stirring  of  the  soil  near 
the  trees  is  out  of  the  question,  after  the  orchard 
is  planted, 

With  the  soil  deep,  rich,  and  mrllow.  much  is 
secured  towards  a  good  orchard.  The  next  thing 
is  the  selection  of  the  trees.  The  number  of  good 
varieties  is  large,  and  thegri*atesl  difficulty  is  in 
knowing  what  to  leave  out  of  the  list.  If  the 
trees  are  for  family  use,  you  must  consult  the 
tastes  of  the  family.  There  should  be  some  early 
trees,  some  fall  apples  and  many  good  keepers 
for  the  long  winter.  If  the  orchard  is  tor  market 
fruit,  you  need  to  learn  what  the  demand  of  the 
market  will  he.  Fine  looking  apples  are  good 
market  apples.  Fine  tasting  apples  are  best  for 
home  use.  Consult  your  neighbors,  especially 
the  one  who  has  been  the  most  successful  with 
his  orchard.  Visit  him,  and  if  convenient,  help 
him  to  eat  some  of  his  best  fruit.  Nearly  all 
books  on  orchard  making,  give  full  lists  of  the 
early,  medium  and  late  sorts.  It  is  always  best 
to  rely  upon  old,  well-established  sorts  for  the 
znaia  crop.  Novelties  need  to  be  only  sUmly 
represented.  It  is  nearly  always  unwise  to  pur- 
chase trees  from  pleasant-spoken  tree  peddlers, 
who  are  st  wingers.  They  show  tine  fruit  in  highly 
colored  pictures,  while  the  trees  are  very  apt  to 
be  thin  (ilose  stock,  sold  at  a  low  ju-iee  by  nursery- 
men, half  of  which  may  not  come  true  to  name, 
and  the  other  half  have  no  names.  Buy  the 
stock  direct  from  some  reliable  nurseryman.  It 
is  well  to  buy  the  trees  wiien  they  are  small,  and 
Bet  them  in  rows  for  a  season  or  two.  Young 
trees  do  not  sustain  so  many  injuries  as  old  ones 
in  the  hands  of  the  nursery  workmen.  j 

An  orchard  is  set  to  produce  fruit,  not  fire  wood,  , 
therefore,  be  sure  and  give  the  trees  sufficient 
room  to  spread.  If  set  in  squares,  they  should 
not  be  nearer  than  forty  feet.  In  setting  the  trees,  1 
care  should  be  taken  that  the  roots  are  spread 
out  on  all  sides,  equally,  and  that  the  fine  soil  is 
pressed  down  closely  upon  them.  Make  a  plot  of 
the  orchard  as  soon  as  set.  The  labels  soon  get 
lost  and  cannot  be  depended  upon.  The  plot  or 
chart  shows  the  position  and  variety  of  each  tree. 
Cultivate  the  ground  for  five  or  ten  years,  but  not 
late  in  the  season.  Look  for  borers  in  the  trunks. 
near  the  earth,  and  kill  when  found.  Destroy  all 
other  insect  pests,  and  expect  good  returns  for 
many  years. 

STRAGGLING   NOTES   FROM   OREGON 

S}j  J.  J.  Harden,  •Sfftf/ton,  Oregon. 


Wheat  is  as  forward  here  about  tiie  2iith  o*  luay 
as  it  is  in  southern  Kansas,  where  the  writer 
formerly  resided.  A  month  later  it  is  in  shock 
there,  while  here,  harvest  i-omes  about  the  mid- 
dle of  August.  Because  wheat  ripens  so  early,  is 
the  reason  that  WiUiamette  Valley  wheat  is  con- 
sidered the  best,  and  commands  the  highest 
price  of  any  that  reaches  the  London  markets. 

Persons  coming  here  generally  expect  not  to  be 
able  to  grow  corn  even  for  the  table.  It  does  not 
ripen  sufficiently  well  to  be  profitable  for  feeding 
stock.  It,  like  wheat,  is  very  slow  in  ripening, 
and  a  specimen  will  be  in  perfection  for  the  table 
for  a  month,  or  more,  and  early  varieties  do  not 
always  mature.  For  that  reason  we  have  "  roast- 
ing ears  "for  a  much  longer  season  and  of  a 
superior  quality  to  those  of  our  Eastern  friends. 

Potatoes,  and  especially  root  crops  and  cal)bage, 
are  profitably  grown  for  feeding  stock,  although 
cattle  generally,  even  milch  cows,  are  pastured 
on  wheat  during  winter,  and  most  of  the  hogs  are 
fattened  on  wheat.  Cauliflower  and  celery  grow 
successfully.  Early  beans  and  peas  can  be  had 
without  intermission  until  frost.  Cucumbers  do 
moderately  well,  while  tomatoes  do  not  ripen  so 


well ;  still,  they  are  to  be  found  In  every  garden. 

Small  fruits  do  exceedingly  well.  Besides 
gooseberries  and  currants,  the  strawberry  and 
raspberry,  both  kinds,  and  blackberries,  includ- 
ing the  native  and  evergreen,  are  equally  hardy 
and  prolific,  and  the  season  of  the  one  running 
into  am.ther.  until  frost  checks  the  continuous 
blooming  of  the  latter.  For  the  growth  of  small 
fruits,  cherries,  plums,  pears  and  quinces,  consid- 
ering hardiness,  prolificness  and  freedom  from 
disease  and  insect  ravages,  there  can  be  no  better 
place  than  this  Valley. 

A  company  is  being  formed  here  to  grow  and 
can  fruit.  Each  member  grows  ten  acres,  or 
more,  of  fruits,  and  owns  .stock  in  the  company. 
It  is  expected  that  members  from  the  East  will 
be  admitted  into  the  Association. 

In  the  flower  garden,  pansies  violets,  daisies, 
ten-week  stocks,  fuchsia,  anemones,  and  other 
jjlants  that  require  a  lower  temperature,  succeed 
admirably,  while  cannas,  tuberoses  and  other 
plants  from  the  tropics  need  pampering.  A  rose 
will  retain  its  perfection  three  times  as  long  here 
as  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and^  all  the  ever- 
bloomers  are  not  only  hardy.  iSut  evergreen. 
Broad-leafed  evergreens  and  English  ivies  are 
hardy,  while  the  long  list  of  provokingly  half- 
hardy  shrubs  and  trees  that  we  used  to  admire — 
in  print,  find  a  congenial  home  here. 


YELLOWS    IN   THE    PEACH. 


By  J'>hn  McLfcm. 


From  a  series  of  observations  and  experiments, 
I  had  adopted  the  opinion  that  the  yellows  in  the 
peach,  and  the  knot  in  the  pium,  were  pr<»paga- 
ted  by  the  bees  and  other  insects,  through  the 
medium  of  the  blossom.  The  first  item  of  inter- 
est that  led  me  to  espouse  this  belief,  was  the  cir- 
cumstance of  the  sprouts  from  the  roots  of  a 
common  pie-cherry  tree,  the  stem  of  which  had 
been  grafted  with  the  sweet  cherry,  resisting  the 
knot  until  the  blossoms  had  furnished  a  means 
of  conveyance  for  the  diseased  virus,  while  the 
sprouts  from  other  ungrafted  trees  of  the  same 
kind  growing  near  by  were  literally  covered  with 
knots,  in  all  stages  of  development.  The  fact  of 
the  sprouts  from  the  root  of  this  tree  being  per- 
fectly healfchy  and  free  from  the  knots,  while 
they  were  not  too  young  to  bloom,  the  stem  being 
of  the  variety  known  as  Jersey  Sweet,  and  inca- 
pable of  transmitting  the  disease  to  the  roots, 
and  becoming  affected  afterwards,  would  seem  to 
argue  or  prove  the  blossoms  to  be  the  true  means 


of  access  to  the  disease.  Accordingly,  reas^:-ning 
from  this  inference,  if  I  could  procure  some  peach 
and  plum  trees  from  a  variety  in  which  these 
diseases  were  unknown,  and  then  immediately 
set  to  and  eradicate  every  tree  that  showed  signs 
of  being  affected  with  the  yellows  or  the  knot,  or 
that  were  in  anyway  predisposed  to  the  same,  I 
could,  by  this  means,  baffle  these  diseases,  and 
raise  up  for  myself  a  stock  of  healthy  trees  that 
would  yield  crops  of  fruit  equal  to  what  had  for- 
merly been  accomplished. 

Buthowever  true  this  may  be  with  reference  to 
the  knot  in  the  plum,  my  experience  proves  that 
with  the  yellows  in  the  peach,  it  will  not  hold 
good.  Desiring  to  put  this  view  to  a  practical 
test,  I  sent  away  to  Carthage,  Mo.,  for  a  bill-  of 
peach  trees,  both  natural  and  budded,  having 
learned  that  these  diseixses  had  not  yet  readied 
the  borders  of  the  extreme  Western  States,  in- 
tending the  natural  seedlings  to  raise  seed  for 
stock,  wiiile  the  budded  trees  W'Ou'd  furnish  buds 
for  the  same;  but  unfortunately  for  the  success 
of  this  enterprise,  as  well  as  to  n^y  grevious  dis- 
appointment, most  of  the  trees  received  from 
abroad  were  planted  in  places,  or  near,  wher^ 
other  peach  trees  having  tho  yellows  had  stood. 
The  consequence  is  that  out  of  fifty  seedling 
peach  trees  from  abroad,  and  as  many  more 
budded  ones,  not  one  dozen  trees  are  left  to  sur- 
vive the  second  year  of  their  planting.  That  the 
yellows,  in  most  of  these  cases,  were  communica- 
ted to  these  trees  by  means  of  a  small  parasite  in 
the  ground  where  the  diseased  trees  stood,  is  my 
firm  belief.  That  the  blight  in  tlie  pear  tree  is 
communicated  in  the  same  way,  in  some  cases, 
is  equally  true,  (if  this  I  have  abundant  evidence 
in  the  blighting  of  a  number  of  pear  seedlings  in 
the  nursery  row,  over  which  a  blighted  pear  tree 
stood,  while  the  other  seedlings  at  a  distance 
were  entirely  exempt.  That  budded  or  grafted 
trees,  ol  certain  varieties,  might  blight  under 
similar  circumstances,  without  any  connection 
witii  the  blighted  tree,  may  well  be  supposed; 
but,  that  natural  seedlings  should  do  so,  is  not  at 
all  likely. 


We  thank  our  friends  for  the  many  kind  ex- 
pressions of  the  valueof  The  Fakm  and  Garden. 
We  appreciate  their  cheering  words,  and  shall  do 
all  we  can  to  make  it  worthy  of  the  favors  it 
receives.  Many  promise  to  add  to  the  list  of  sub- 
scribers they  have  already  sent  us,  and  we  extend 
to  them  our  thanks.  We  Intend  to  make  The 
Farm  and  Garden  the  cheapest  and  best  paper 
for  the  farmer. 


GAINS  '"  ^rint^ff  PreHttcM.  Type,  Cardx  rf-  Scrap  Pifture. 
Sfn<} stamp.    GITHESSit  BliO..Box  \ii1i'2,Phila.,Pa. 


roil  IT  MHTCC  MdNTHI.Y:  SOc.  a  y  cur  and  PLANT 
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TUC    PDCAT  NEW  QITINCE,  "MCECH'S    PfiO- 

int    UltCAl    Line."  S.Mfi  f4>r^irciilui-.  Largest 

stock  of  [iriilberrv  in  the  eountry*    Catalu^ties  Free. 

HAMCE  &  BORdEN.  Rumsoti  MurserJes.  RED  BANK.  H.  J. 


NiACiAKA  WnlTE  GRAPE.   BIARLbORO  Ra;:pbeiTy. 
H.  S.  A.NUEKPON.  Union  Spnii;;^.  N.Y.  Catalogue /rf*- 


J 

SEEDS 


GARDEN  GUIDE, just p.iDiisiKd, 
FREE  to  all.  I'»-'^t  vanetieB  at  low 
prices,    Yuu  outrht  to  have  it.     COLE 

,&BRO.. Seedsmen, Pe  la, Iowa. 


GUNS 


Send  2  cent  stamp  for  catalogue  of  *{3f" 

Address,  Rciiiiie.  Allisoii  &  Co., 

Phlluflelpliia,    Penna. 

inn  LAIltiK  Fancj  Advertising Cnrd«.  all  differ- 

lUU  em.  for  m  els.     CAKD  WOKKS,  Monlpellt-r.  Vl. 

TREE  SEEDS  AND  SEEDLINGS. 

GRAPE  VINES  and  SMALL.  FRUITS. 

Ilfuvy    StoeL.  (irc-itt    VarK-ty,    Low    I'rict-N.     Frt-e  t'uta- 
loffuc.    J.  JENKINS, ^'Inonm  t'olumbluna  Co..  Ohio. 


FOUR 


m ported  (■ermuii  Cliromoi  ^ufl  100  Fliic^crftn 
'ifture*  l-r  10<*.     <■.  '■    UK  I'lY.  SYRACISE.  N.  Y. 


Rin   PAV  I''<>i~  Ititindii'-jii^^  BUCKEYE    CHURN. 
DIb   rni  Address,.  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO.,  Dundee.  Mich. 


200 


New  Scrap  Pictures  and  A^fnt's  Album  of  Samples 
mailed  t\>rlOc.  U.S.  CARD  L"0„  Ceiiierbrook.  Conn. 


SEEDS  AND  PLANTS 

BUY    THE 

BEST  VARIETIES  AT  LOW  PRICES. 

CATALOGUi:  FRISZ:. 

A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH,  IOWA. 


Hybrid  CLEMATIS. 

Tlj..  iii.i^l    lic.iiililiil  ol   all  llAKKV   I'l^llUJING 
PLANTS.      SM'otie   Knots  . mi   be  sent  nnfely   by 

moil.      Send    lur   uiir   I  Uiisti-aled    CiUal-iu'Ue. 

JOSEPH  KIFT,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

SENI>  lo  KINO  &  CO..  Owriio.  N.Y..  ft.r  r„tali>Kue 
■M<\  Prii  e  List  of  CUSTOM  HBND-IIIADt:   HABMtSS. 

R.\N('(»<'AS;   best  early  red  riispberrv.    STRAW- 
ISi:KKIl;S--Mav   King,  best    farlv:    ('(iiineetieut 
yne.ii,  bi  vl  late.   Wilson  ,Tr.  besi  early  ItMrUbrrry. 
S.  ('.  I>r  cor.  Mooreslown.   Burlinglon  County,  N.  J. 


HARDY     PLANTS 


AND 


;Tj; 


ROGERS'  GARDEN  SEEDS. 


All  t.sir.l  uni  ini.-  Iw  iKime.  Se.'ds  i.i  pii''uf|  ■^-nt 
Ivor  by  iiinil  :■!  ("italoi^iic  piicts.  CNivi  i".  Tiiiiotli>. 
Orrlinrd,    Il<>rd,  jiihI    linwn   (■r:is--i  at  pri 

llie  tniie-;.   St-nd    ""     ~ """     -^-»««-.. 

lor  ratal. 


■r<I,  iiiifl    li:i>vn    <,r:iSM  at  pri<-fs  ii,  siiii 

CR    RRPrRC    SEEDSMAN.  141    Mar- 
.  O.  rtUbLnd,  itei  street.  Phila..  Pa. 


All  tliebesf  varieties,  to^ftlicr  wiili  many  iinveltios, 
will  be  tbiind  in  our  Dewcrl|»tivf  Ca(alogui%  at  low 
rates.    Sent   free   to  all  ai>pliraiitH. 

\VOOI.-SON  &  t'O.,  Lock  Diawer  E,  Passaic,  N.  J. 


n,-..t  :.„.)  T^ir..,  |,r.-.tit..i.i-  LATE  WHITE 

PEACH:  r.».<HlOTri.>-,iii>hi,lingk-a(ims 

^  .  I  II        WiliiiuirM  Karly  Kt(l.  ..ncorthe 

li'-- ir.ii'l^'   I    iiK   UppIeH.    (i'"i(i  st'.-ck  Ap- 

I'rccM,  iniiir.L.iiii:   iiuisc   |ii'[>iilar  kinds. 

>     If  iciiiiinnil.    Montmorenoy,   aod 

..'■■.,.  r  .         <  i'lirrrU'H.  4wrup<.'N,  Strtiwbcr- 

rif«.  Ifa-»pt>errle»».  n'w  -'I'l'l  "I-I't  ^u^i.Mjes. 

pl(),ii(M) 'J-vi:Lr-iiM  A»tpnrn|EU«  poot*.    Large 

stock  sluide  and  nrnamentiil  iroes.     Siiirt  r«r 

catalogue.  S.  E   Rogers  i;  Son.  Ml.  Hollv.  iN.  J. 


SEEDS, O 
PLANT W  c'.i-n.  Welcome  Oat.s,Seed  Potatoes, 


AlAs  <;AIM>EN  1ft 


niOICK  PLANTS.  ^1   ftft 

viz.:-  1  Camellia,  -''nhle.  white;  1  Azalea.  dmihiM.  wliite; 
1  Daphne  Odora;  I  Hydrangea,  wliiie;  1  Olea  Fragrans;  I  Double 
Abutllon;  I  Ampelopsis  Veitchli.  hardv  'limiH-r:  (  Rose  Mrre- 
chal  Nell;  1  Rose  Bon  Silene;  I  Cape  Jasmine.  I'l-eininms  uiili 
tv>-i'.  order,  pnhf  I  UalliHou  Seedsman  and  Florist, 
Cat.lree.  Ad.  "ODl.  J- nanmay,    Baltimore  City,  Md. 


OK\'-\MENT.\I>  'iri.l  Fruit  Trcc-s.  Grape  Vine^,   Plants.  &c. 
RRTINISPORAS.    ARBOR-VITiE. 
JITNIPERS.  tfcc.    for    transphintintr.    KIEFFER 
and  oilier  Pear  Ti'ee"*.  pxira  sizes,    f'ataloiines  tree. 
CHAS.  B.  HORNOK,  Hit.  Holly,  N,  J. 


Ii(?st  Cabbatie,  Sweet  Corn,  Peas, 
■^(luasli,  rnrnip.  Ensilage  Corn,  Field 
<  orn.  Welcome  Oat.s,  Seed  Potatoes, 
oilier  vpcfiiihie  and  Muwer  seed,  jnelndintc  best  novelnes. 
ROSES!  ROSES!  Verbriias  in  quaiitiiies.  Car- 
nations, neraniiimiii.  (;ri)|><>.  Strawberry,  and 
Siiinll  Fruit  Plnnts,  wholesaleand  retail,  t'aialogrues 
Free.       0.  E.  ALLEN.  Bratileboro,  Veriiiont. 


POTATOKS,  manv  new   varieties,  choice   new   seodlinec,  extra 
fine,  and  ereut  yielders.   No  equals  Inr  htaiity  or  .■arline^s  now 
known.     Al'o.KodeV Sweet  Corn,  for  tliivor.  lcndorne&^.  juicy, 
sw.'et  and  siijiarv,  be--t  in  the  world,  cars  large  as  Stowell's.  Fit  for  the 
tal.tc  60  davs  from  planting.     Also  Welcome  Oats,  nnd  many  new 
vuriciios    of    grain,    etc.       CATALOGIK     Free.        Xddre^s.       / 
ALFRED  KOSE,  I»eiiii  Van.  Xew  York. 


CRAFTS.     STOCKS.     TREES-EVEICVTHING 
for   Nurserymen,  Fruit    Crowers,  ana  Amateur*. 

STAUK  NUKSEKIES,  Louisiana.  Mo.     51st  year.     300  acrea. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


OUi^  Flowei^  Gai^den. 


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NEW    DOUBLE   WHITE    MIGNONETTE, 
SNOWBALL. 


At  some  time  or  other  all  tluwors  fall  under 
Bpeeial  rare  and  esteem.  At  rmo  time  the  I'clar- 
gdnliuns  cnijuged  the  attention  of  the  horticul- 
tural world,  and  every  advanci'  was  hailed  with 
delight;  instead  of  tin' small  hul  pretty  rflar^on- 
lum  Eebinatum,  and  olhcrs  of  its  type,  we  have 
the  ma^nifieeut"  Kegal  rrlarKonlums'*  of  whieh 
Beauty  of  Oxton  and  (Jui-en  Victoria  are  eharin- 
Ing examples:  while  anmnir  llie  single  and  double 
geraniums  d'elarironium  /onale),  such  varieties 
OK  Adam  Kodi.  Ueputv  Devaux,  Nelly  Thomas. 
lUustrc  ritoycn,  (iamhetia,  and  a  host  of  other 
equally  line  sortJ>,  area  tremendous  ad  vanee  over 
their  ancestor,  the  insly;niticant  single  scarlet. 
At  another  time  Ihe  V*rimrose  was  the  rage,  while 
at  the  present  the  Rose  holds  llrsl  rank,  closely 
followed  in  popular  favor  by  the  I'ausy,  Clirysan- 
themum  and  iMignonetle. 

For  a  long  time  the  Mignonette  (Reseda  Odor- 
ata)f  received  no  attention.  It  was  a  fragrant 
flower,  easily  grown,  and  able  to  take  cure  of 
itself.  The  flower  wiis  raggcil  and  uncouth  in 
appearance,  and  the  platit  "was  uU  over  the 
ground,  and  no  where  in  particular."  Sonie  one. 
whom  h!st()ry  has  failed  to  chronicle,  look  c<nn- 
passion  on  its  condition  and  endenvoied  to  start 
it  on  the  road  to  re(!ognitl(»n  and  favor,  witU 
gratifying  su<'cess.  Steadily  it  has  advanced  in 
fragrance  and  size,  uutil  one  variety  bears  the 
grandiose  title  of  Reseda  (irandithira  *;ii;antea 
Vyramidalis.  The  subject  iif  our  ski-ldi,  while 
bearing  away  no  honors  lor  length  oi  name,  has 
attained  lirst  place  iit  color  and  beauly  (►f  form. 
Unlike  many  of  the  so-t*al!ed  ''  white"  varieties, 
"Which  have  proved  to  be  a  dull  gray  and  pos- 
sessed of  little  fragrance,  tl»e  Snowb;ill  Juis  the 
true  Mignonette  odor  and  a  pure  white  color;  the 
flowers  are  ve*y  double,  giving  to  the  plant  the 
appearance  of  its  namesake.  To  its  many  good 
qualities  it  adds  the  charm  of  ri-'gularity  of 
growth,  and  forms  dense  masses  al>undantly 
covered  with  large  tresses  o|'  biooui. 

MuSA  Knsente.  {Ahi/.Kxhiia/t  littnanfi)^ 
■Which  we  illustrate  on  page  1.  We  are  glad  to 
be  able  to  present  our  readers  with  a  beautiful 
Illustration  of  this  ornanienlal  phmt.  Musas 
have  of  late  years  conn-  to  be  extensively  used 
during  summer  in  parks  and  large  private  gar- 
dens, wliere  they  produce  a  handstime  effect.  It 
is  generally  supposed  tliat  dililculty  is  experi- 
enced in  preserving  tliem  Ilirougb  the  winter. 
This,  iiowever,  is  not  the  case,  as  a  tempi-rature 
of  aboul  '(IP  will  keep  tiie  plant  in  a  growing 
state,  while  if  the  leaves  and  roots  are  cut  oft", 
and  the  plant  be  laid  in  the  cellar,  covered  with 
about  a  foot  of  st)il.  there  is  no  danger  of  it  being 
frosted.  They  may  he  j);ante(l  mil  in  summer, 
or  if  grown  in  large  pots,  these  may  be  plunged. 
in  the  ground. 

While  many  H:inana  i)lanUs  may  be  grown  in 
the  open  grounii  in  liiis  latitude  and  prodxice  a 
good  etieet  ;  Musa  Knsenta  is  the  one  most 
admired.  The  fruit  of  this  variety  is  not  edible, 
but  tlie  leaves  are  magnificent,  broad  and  of  a 
bright  green,  with  a  bright  crimson  uiidrib;  it 


grows  luxuriantly  to  a  lieight  of  sevi^n  to  ten  feet. 
In  answer  to  several  inquiries,  we  would  say  that 
the  plants  can  be  obtained  from  Henry  A.  Dreer, 
Philadelphia,  or  Benjamin  A.  Elliot,  Pittsburg, 
Penna. 

Tuberoses. 
Some  i>eople  seem  to  liave  diflieulty  in  bloom.- 
ing  these,  and  yet.  no  buiy)s  are  easier  to  manage, 
providing  you  get  good  stock.  Whether  wanttsl 
frir  bloinuing  in  pots  or  in  the  opeii  ground,  tiioy 
may  !«■  potted  now  in  good,  rich  soil.  If  vinly  one 
buHi  is  planteil  in  a  pot,  this  need  not  be  larger 
than  five  inches,  while  a  six  inch  pot  will  readil\ 
hoUl  tlm-e  bulbs,  (_>f  c<)urse  the>'  'an  be  shifted 
afterwartls,  when  well  rooted,  into  pots  of  a  larger 
size.  After  potting,  put  tljen\  m  the  warmest 
place  at  hand,  and  at  first  do  not  water  mon- 
than  once  a  week,  Wiien  the  tops  begin  to  grow 
they  should  receive  enough  water  to  keep  the  sctil 
moist,  but  not  wet.  Towards  the  middle  of  May, 
plant  out  in  the  garden  it  wanted  to  bloom  there. 
The  Tuberose  is  one  of  the  choicest  of  flowers. 
It  produces  long  spikes  (three  times  as  large  as 
our  illustrati^tn),  of  pure  white  wax-like  double 
flowers  of  great  fragrauv-e  and  beaut.v.  By  many, 
its  fragrance  is  considered  to  be  tlie  finest  of  all 
flowers ;  even  one  or  two  flowers  being  enough  to 
perfume  a  whole  room.  The  comparative  low 
pri<  e  at  whieh  tlie  bulbs  can  be  had,  enables  any 
one  to  grow  them  in  quantity. 

1<I1.IE.S, 

Now  is  also  the  time  for  potting  Lilies  to  bloop^i 
in  the  house  or  conservatory.  The  best  forttiis 
pvn-pose  are  L.  /Xuratum,  Longiflorum,  Harrissi 
and  the  Jjanclfoliums,  All  bulbs,  a^^  soon  iis  re- 
ceived, should  be  carefully  examined,  and  any 
decaying  matter  removed.  They  sh<^)uld  then  be 
laid  in  soil,  or  better  still,  coc*>anut  fibre,  in  a 
moderate  condition  of  moisture,  unl il  the  bulb 
recovers  its  usual  plumpness  and  the  ro(>ts  are 
just  on  the  point  of  starting  from  the  base.  Then 
they  should  ho  potted,  or  planted  out  ;is  required. 
It  is  beat  when  planting,  to  surround  the  bulbs 
with  soil.  Manure  should  never  be  dug  in  with 
the  bulbs,  thouiib  they  ac<-e-.t  il  gralelully  as  a 
i  to|Mlressing,  liberally  apjihed  aficr  they  have 
I  been  established.  The  soil  ould  contain  a  g<K)d 
j  part  of  rich  lieat  and  near      out  -third  sand, 

r.\NS.ES. 

I     These  lovely  flowers  aie  iavoritcs  with  all,  not 

only  for  the  brillianc\  and  variety  of  tlieir  colors, 

,  hut  for  (he  durability  of  their  bloom.    Seed  may 

]  he  sown  In  the  oncn  ground  in  f*i»ring  or  summer, 

i)r  in  hot-beds  earlier.    Yming  plants  produce  the 

largest  and  best  flowers.    Th*'y  should  oe<-upy  a 

j  cool,  partially  shady  spot,  and  the  groun<l  ^annot 

I  be  too  rich  ;  coolness  and  moisture  are  necessary. 

I  Transjtlant  when  one  Inch  high. 

I  VlOI.E'IX, 

I     About  Paris,  the  cultivation  of  the  Violet  Is 

carried  to  a  great  ext4'nt,  and  in  some  places  near 

that  elty,  three  or  f<iur  acres  may  be  seen  covered 

i  with  them,  the  ground  being  of  a  rich,  free, warm 

miture  and  well  e\p4>sed  to  the  mid-day  sini ;  the 

I  plantations   being    made    in    spring,   and    those 

I  required  durint;  winter  being  grown  in  frames. 

!  It   Is  almost    needless  to  say  that   they  may  be 

prop:igated  to  any  extent  by  division  ;  but  strong, 

liealthy,   free-flowering  plants  are    raised    from 

seed.    Some   fine    wvw  varieties  are  ottered  this 

season  by  difierent  seedsmen. 

I     The  insects  that  trouble  Violets  most,  are  the 

;  green  fly  and  red  spider.  The  first  Is  generally  the 

result  of  a  close   unhealthy  atmosi>here,  and   Is 

I  most  easily  got  ri<l  of  by  tienllc  smokings.     Bed 

,  spider  Is  caused  by  strong  sun  and  dryness  at  the 

roots.     Hand-dusting  with  sulphur  ifi  the  best 

remedy;  but  it  is  easy  to  prevent  its  occurence 

i  by  maintaining  ailamp  atmosphere  by  syringing 

I  the  plants  and  sorroundiriiis, 

I      Karthworms  ma.v  be  destroyed  by  using  lime- 
j  water.    Takeat)out  a  half  a  pound  of  lime  *<itwo 
I  gallons  of  water,  and  use  when  precipitat^'d  and 
the  water  clear. 

When  planting  Tuberoses,  the  small  surround- 
ing bulblets  shoulil  be  remov»Hl.  A  toi>-dressing 
of  eow  manure  is  beneficial  when  the  idants  are 
In  growth. 

One  of  the  best  summer  blooming  plants  is 
Plumbaixo  Capensis  ;  fi  owe  rs  sky-blue— very 
unique.  Be-pot  now,  anci  cut  Ihe  shoots  l)ack 
close.  Give  no  water  until  it  begins  to  grow, 
except  enough  to  keep  the  sf>il  moist. 

Poinsettias  that  ha\e  done  bl(»oming,  may  now 
be  dried  ofiin  a  warn\  iihiee.  Allerwards,  put 
them  out  of  the  way  in  a  cellar,  to  plant  out  or 
set  (Kit  in  their  pots  in  .June. 
■  Among  the  best  hardy  ornamental  plants  we 
sh(»nld  mention  tlie  Vucca,  or  "  Adams  Needle." 
There  are  several  species,  hardy  and  well  suited 
for  flower  garden  purposes,  and  thev  have  the 
advantage  of  being  distinct  from  each  other. 

Finest  Irises.  For  permanent  planting  the 
variety  of  evergreen  Iris  included  under  the  gen- 
eral luime  of  <iermanica,  are  the  most  suitable, 
being  very  rich  In  color,  tiuile  hardy,  and  easily 
grown.  The  dwarf  Iris  Pumila  w<>uld  be  the  best 
and  bloom  earlier  than  Uermanica. 


If  you  have  a  greenhouse  or  cool  bay-window, 
why  not  try  a  plant  or  two  of  Asparagus  Teuuis- 
simus,  the  new  graceful  climber  that  is  taking 
the  place  of  Smilax, 

The  controversy  as  to  keeping  live  plants  in  a 
room  at  night  continues  to  be  carried  on  with 
vigor  and  acrimony,  althougli  most  people  have 
probably  supposed  that  it  was  long  since  set  at 
rest.  At  a  medical  conference  recently  held  in 
Fraui'e,  it  was  demonstrated  to  the  satisfaction 
of  all  the  savants  there  present,  tliat  plants,  aR 
long  as  they  are  plants  only,  may  safely,  and 
even  with  advantage,  be  adtr.ittvd  to  the  elysiuDi 
from  which  they  have  so  often  been  exiled. 
These  pretty  ornaments,  as  a  learned  writer  now 
declares,  "far  from  being  hurtful,  are  beneficial, 
inHKmuch  as  they  exhale  a  certain  amount  of 
ozone  and  vapor,  which  maintains  a  healthy 
dampness  In  the  air.  and,  besides  that,  arc  de- 
structive of  the  microbes  which  promote  con- 
sumptive tendencies  in  human  beings.  It  is  only- 
flowers,  and  not  the  plants  whi<'h  bear  them, 
that  do  the  damage.  Ferns  are  innoxious;  roses 
an<i  sunflowers  are  pernicious,  at  Iwast  while 
they  are  in  bloom." 

Next  month  will  be  the  particular  month  to 
pay  attention  to  the  sowing  of  hardy  annual 
plants.  Tlie  sooner  they  are  sown  the  better 
I  hey  will  flower,  providing,  of  <'Ourse,  they  are 
really  hardy.  They  are  generally  distinguished 
from  the  tender  chuss  In  florists  and  seedsmen's 
catalogues.  In  sowing  annuals,  the  soil  sliould 
be  slightly  worked  uj)  first,  so  as  to  make  it  rather 
mellow,  and  after  the  seeds  are  sown  they  should 
have  a  little  soil  sprinkled  over  them,  according 
to  the  size  of  the  seeds.  Failures  often  arise  from 
the  seeds  being  buried  too  deeply,  and  also  from 
the  soil  being  toi>  stifl',  and  baking  after  a  rain. 
Light  sandy  soil  should  be  used  in  most  cases. 

During  February,  a  great  many  plants,  such 
as  Begonias,  Fuchsias,  Verbenas  and  Coleus, 
can  be  raised  from  cuttings.  This  should  be  the 
time  for  preparing  a  large  supply  for  summer 
bedding.  The  beautiful  evening  glory.  I'pomea 
No<"typhit<m,  of  wbit-h  we  will  give  a  half  size 
illustration  next  month,  can  onl.v  be  raised  from 
cuttings;  these,  iiowever,  root  very  quickly,  If 
started  in  a  warm  place.  Cuttings  with  two  eyes 
will  be  found  large  enough,  and,  when  well-rooted, 
they  can  be  planted  in  a  three-inch  pot  well  filled 
with  rich  soil.  You  inive  no  idea  what  a  splendid 
growth  they  will  make  in  a  season ;  but  we  have 
already  said  so  much  about  these  plants,  that  we 
must  stop  here, 

Bkgnomas 

To  florists  and  owners  of  greenhouses  :~It 
would  be  dirticnit  to  find  Ihreeniorc  beautiful  or 
more  available  subjects  for  in-door  gardening 
than  Begnonia  Cherere.  Begnonia  Venusta  and 
Begnonia  Speeiosa,  (the  first  is  iieautifully  illus- 
trated in  the  London  Harden  of  December  2<»th, 
1884),  while  all  the  ttther  species  are  <tf  first-clasa 
merit  Jis  flowering  plants.  It  may  be  owing  to 
their  s<miewhat  stiontf  and  large  growing  habit, 
that  cimiparatively  little  is  done  with  Begoniaa 
by  cultivators  at  the  pr<*ftent  time.  In  very  small 
houses  it  is  hai'dly  possibu'  to  alford  these  plants 
the  treatment  and  space  they  rciiulre  for  their 
full  growth  and  developnunt.  There  are,  how- 
ever, thousands  of  large,  glass  structures  where 
Begonias  would  be  found  to  thrive  and  to  aflord 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN 


TUBEROSES. 


adisplay  of  brlllumt  flower  charms,  such  as  would 
those  whose  houses  are  enibellished  with  stand- 
ard climbers. 

Large  Rhododendrons. 
A  writer  in  the  London  Garden  gives  the  dimen- 
sions of  a  few  standard  Rhododendrons  planted 
about  thlrty-flve  years  ago.  The  largest  one  was 
found  to  measure  five  feet  at  the  stem,  the  cir- 
cumference of  which  was  two  feet  nine  inches; 
depth  of  head,  ten  feet;  circumference  of  head, 
forty-eight  feet.  They  still  retain  their  freshness 
and  vigor,  and  are  annually  covered  with  bloom. 
The  Philadelphia  Florists  and  Growers  had  a 
fine  time  at  their  second  annual  supper.  A  large 
number  participated,  and  some  good  speeches 
were  made.  Mr.  Evans'  remarlis  about  the  new 
rose,  "  Her  Majesty,  "  which  he  has  just  purchased 
from  Mr.  Bennett,  were  listened  to  with  interest. 
The  gold  medal  awarded  to  the  originator  of  this 
rose,  was  passed  around  and  much  admired. 
Philadelphia  should  be  proud  of  her  enterprising 
iflorists. 

By  the  way,  we  have  a  florist  and  grower  in  our 
midst,  who  now  has  thirty  houses  devoted  to  the 
choicest  of  cut  flowers.  He  does  not  advertise, 
nor  issue  a  catalogue,  but  his  reputation  for  grow- 
ing good  stock  stands  so  high  tliat  ha  cannot  All 
orders.  Ijeading  florists  from  New  York  and 
other  large  cities  get  many  of  their  plants  from 
him,  because  none  can  grow  them  as  well.  The 
secret  is  that  he  has  large  houses,  a  good  open 
aituation  with  plenty  of  lighl,  and  above  all,  he 
understands  his  business.  What  a  good  thing 
for  the  oth'^rs  that  he  does  not  issue  a  fine  cata- 
logue ;  what  a  business  he  would  do  ! 

The  William  Francis  Bennett  Rose  seems  to 
have  gone  ofT  with  a  "  boom."  Every  prominent 
,florist  catalogues  it,  and,  although  the  prices 
range  from  $1.50  to  2.511  per  plant,  according  to 
quantity,  there  is  already  a  good  demand  for  it. 
■One  grower  bought  three  thousand  dollars  worth 
and  several  si.\  hundred  and  one  thousand  dol- 
lars worth. 

The  three  beauties  advertised  so  extensively 
by  Messrs.  V.  H.  Hallock,  Son  &  Thorpe,  should 
'be  purchased  Ijy  every  lover  of  flowers.  Our 
friend  Blanc  tells  us  that  the  engraving  does  not 
do  them  justice.  The  colors  of  Bessera  Elegans, 
and  especially  of  Cydobotlira  Flava,  should  have 
been  portrayed  by  a  i-olored  i>late.  The  flowers, 
after  being  cut,  last  for  a  very  long  time.  'Milla 


Biflora,  even  if  cut  before  the  flowers  are  open, 
will  expand  beautifully  in  water  and  last  much 
longer  than  if  left  on  the  plant.  The  very  low 
price  at  which  these  novelties  are  catalogued, 
wiU  enable  every  one  to  buy  them  in  quantity. 

Gloxinias 
That  have  been  left  over  since  last  season,  in  sand 
or  in  their  pots,  should  now  be  replanted  in  good, 
rich,  peaty,  sandy  soil;  with  good  drainage.  It 
is  best  not  to  give  them  too  much  heat  at  first; 
let  them  come  out  slowly  without  giving  much 
water,  for  fear  of  rotting  the  bulbs. 
Caladiums. 

Florists,  and  those  having  greenhouses,  will 
now  commence  to  start  the  fancy-leaved  varieties 
in  lieat.  About  the  best  plan  is  to  plant  them  in 
a  shallow  box,  filled  with  moss.  Here  they  will 
soon  begin  to  grow,  and  then  tliey  canbe  assorted 
as  to  colors.  Those  who  only  have  a  window  to 
grow  Caladiums  in, should  wait  until  May  before 
starting  them.  By  this  means  they  will  grow 
quickly  and  strongly,  and  they  will  remain  in 
perfection  until  late  in  tl>e  season.  Some  English 
growers  now  keep  their  tubers  very  late,  so  as  to 
have  the  plants  in  all  their  beauty  during  the 
winter  instead  of  summer. 
Cai.i-a  Histata  Varieg.^ta.  (Spotted-leaf  Lily). 

If  a  strong  tuber  of  this  can  be  procured,  it  will 
form  a  highly  ornamental  plant.  We  saw  one 
lastsea.son  planted  in  a  twelve  inch  pot,  that  was 
a  beauty  indeed.  It  filled  the  pot  witli  strong 
shoots,  the  leaves  being  beautifully  spotted  and 
so  nearly  transparent  that  one  could  almost  see 
through  them.  This  lily  is  also  a  very  free  bloom- 
er, although  the  flower  is  not  as  large  nor  as 
white  as  the  regular  Calla  Lily. 

Cereus  Caespitosus. 

Last  .season  we  received  a  number  of  these  rare 
cacti  while  they  were  in  bloom,  and  were  much 
pleased  with  the  pleasing  color  and  fragrance  of 


their  flowers.  We  had  not  paid  much  attention  to 
the  plants  during  the  winter,  well  knowing  how 
little  care  they  require,  we  did  not  even  giva 
tliein  a  watering,  as  they  were  placed  in  a  house 
where  the  atmosphere  was  rather  moist.  Wo,  we 
were  surprised  a  few  days  ago  in  looking  over 
tliem,  to  find  the  majority  of  them  jictuaUy  in 
bud;  even  some  of  them  that  had  been  accident- 
ally thrown  out  of  their  pots,  and  had  not  a  par- 
ticle of  root  left  to  them.  This  shows  how  easily 
tliese  plants  are  managed. 

If  you  are  about  to  make  up  your  order  for 
flower  seeds,  you  sliould  tr.v  some  of  the  novelties 
sent  out  for  the  first  time  this  season,  and  es- 
pecially the  following : 

luERis  Hybriua  Nana, 
(New  Tom  Thumb  Candytuft).  This  novelty  Is  of 
great  merit.  There  can  be  nothing  prettier  than 
this  little  candytuft  for  edging  beds,  borders, 
rockworks,  etc.,  and  it  is  of  particular  importance 
for  bouquet  making.  It  makes  a  true  dwarf, 
compact  and  beautifully  rounded  bush.  The 
plant  is  well  adapted  for  pot  culture,  but  its 
beauty  will  be  more  perfectly  developed  if  planted 
out  in  the  garden.  The  flowers  appear  in  great 
profusion  in  June,  if  sown  early ,  and  will  produce 
flower-heads  continuously,  until  cut  down  by 
frost.  It  can  be  had  in  various  colors,  viz. :  white 
flesh  color,  purple  and  rose. 

Nasturtium  Empress  of  India 

This  nasturtium  is  of  a  very  dwarf  habit,  and 
while  the  flowers  are  of  the  most  brilliant  crim- 
son color,  the  color  is  also  of  the  darkest  shade  of 
green,  making  a  beautiful  contriist.  The  flowers 
are  produced  in  enormous  quantities.  This  nov- 
elty was  awarded  a  certificate  by  the  Royal  Hoi> 
Hcultural  .Society  of  London,  which,  alone,  is 
enough  to  recommend  it,  as  this  award  is  never 
given  e.xcept  to  novelties  of  undoubted  merit. 


iSTRONG  HEALTHY  PLANTS ! 

DELIVERED  SAFEU  BV  HAIL.   . 

6  f"'  50c.  14  'Of  Si. 

6  Choicest  New  Varieties  SI, 
12  Hardy  Scotch  Pinks,  -  SI. 
12  New  Geraniums,  -  -  Sir 
12  Hybrid  Gladiolus. -   -_  SI. 


Illustrated  Descriptive  Priced  Catalogue  Free 

PEAnL-TUBtnUbt  send  l.-,c.  and  nddrees.  I  wU 


rH.rTra'i'Towe^iTnK  iJuTbN  with  full  dirwti<.nM  U,r  bloom- 
ing or -I  bulbs  tor  2S<".    Ornii#J:»' llowcred  aume  pnce. 

CHAS.T. STARR,  AVONDALE,  CHESTER  CO.PA 


^  ORNAMENTAL  ff^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  BIAII.EIJ  ON  APPLICATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &.  SONS- 

Ridge  and  Lehlgb  Avenues.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Fifteen  Sorts  for  Only  SI.OO, 

Oc  1 0  Hvl.rid  Per,  Regies.  $i.<yi :  or  i>  Moss  Roses,  f  loo  ;  or  6  Hardy  Cl.ml.ing  and 
&  Hybr..l  Per  Roses.  $1.00;  or  14  Single  Geraniums.  Jr.oo;  or  14  Dod.le  Oct- 
alliums  Jiooor  10  Silver  and  Golden  Tri-Color  Geraniums.  $1.00  ;  or  6  Singly 
6  Double  and  8  Scented  Geraniums.  Ji.oo;  or  15  Chrysanlhemums.  i'.">J°'f^ 
Tuberoses  and  7  Gladioli.  Si.oo.  All  strong  plants  for  immediate  nowermg.  each 
lalieled,  delivered  safely  bv  mail.  Choice  ]*=w  Roses  and  other  plants  g'ven  away 
with  each  ti  25  order.  A  large  and  elegaifi  collection  of  miscellaneous  plants  at 
To  cts  each  purchasers  chofce.  THE  HOME  PLOHIST.-For  amateiirs 
treat,  cicnrlyon  managing  Roses,  Fuchsias,,  Callas.  H^ho^opes  Ivies,  Violets 
and  200  other  plants,  including  Annuals,  etc.  in  the  C";'<="."''P''"j;iJ"  ,  wo,k 
v.tlurv  H.iw  to  propagate  from  Cuttings,  Seed,  etc.  Flowers  in  ,™ih'7- ,  "°"^ 
for  each  »eelc,   etc.     Practical,  Vi.or, ,...,  Or.^ial^'fe/al  IMusuated,  C„inolc;Je  KdiU^^^^  F''^';  '  ^o=„''^, 

;sl''c,oir,\r  AMAZING  OFFERIr^/ersrfntf^^^^ 

address,  CHARLES  ft.  REESEB,  Innisfallen  Gfeenhouse,  Springfield,  Dnijh 


PIERSON'S 
IMPROVED 


MAGNIFICENT  gffi  POPPIIS 

.jHfhnop  who  want  the  invest  enrden  willi  the  least  Ironlilf  mid  fTiuns/',  ahimta  not 
fall  to  ?ry™he«Tsimpf"sealLMh"  seed  over  tl.e  ground  whe.e  ihe.v  tiie  in  grow 
Iml\°i'vWhavea?!U(lei,  a  mnss  of  c.ilol-  lor  months.  The.v.Et_ow  nLom  'We^f 
ft  n/i  withj'afm(«'-V>i?lai-B<-  fl"wei-s  of  the  richest  and  moiiii  iiiten-i- i-lKirfcs  o« 

rotor   a   claTtw',    ,"'£,,, "•,■.,(  0/ th,-  .^rclrs  a.td   are  ati   o,nc,me„!Jo  n„„  „nr,len. 
Thevnr,      iceaneffe.-l  lliat  r.mm.l  be  mulrlwd  /nr  ^rl»  .riir-i/-"lM-le<-llv  .l..z.z,iin«. 

Tl.fs  era  id  ^ti'iiin  whi-h  ^v,■  offer  has  t n  ,irnrti„e,l  iiri.M-  many  years  ol   liiirh  cultU 

vVlioS  -n  I  wi.VVi'.wiitorushy  the  iiinst  .•.•Ifl.ral.-.l  grower  in  Europe.    Tl<x 

//,',,',       ,        ,,       im-  «,<  r,r,uhs.     Fnr  bi'illinnl.  ,\:,y.ylinB  colors  these  p.i|.|.ies  are 

■d    .11  V  l.vllie  Tulii)      Thev  n.-.>  in  1,1... .1.1  Ih.  ,rl,nlr  summn-.ana  niakeashow 


whieii  ha.s 
rival 


WE  OFFER  A  GRAND  COLLECTION 


in  sepaiiile  rolora 

WW  k    «#i  I  bii    r^    «*iiB»^»»»»    WW— — w. asrollows;— 

wii'itp." While  strincd  with  Bed.  While  mirl  l.ishi  Purple.  Ilo-c  Color. 
I^git 'Re.  .  ScarlcrnndVvhUerDark  .Sc^^^^ 

Scarlet,  UaiU  Mordorc.  Poppy  «",»>.  t"'"»'^nr  ""J/?'  ,^,k'S''JV.Vitsner 
Brown 'and  Cin.iahar.  Kicry  Scarlet.  Any  "'l^^^.f'^1'''"^"'^-  Ve  "fter  Sim 
paper,  or  the  win.  c   collcclion.  i:!/»7""  '"  ""•/'"  ""'V.SM  '  M?,:,n,"„,'Vp|\v  Ih 

-        I>l    -ifsi  N-s  l'|.'RFi.'CTION  ASTKKS.  ,„„a,n,i,;„l.    A  greal  imimivenlent  over 
ill  Vil'fir,"'' VVhiV?^  U„s2.  (  Hoijon,  l.iiac.  XVI^ 

and  While  VarieKtilcd,  l>af  '".'"••  "'«'?'"'U'''     '  h' li.e'^  l^ln'^h    Wllitl. 

eaehofllieAV«/,/r.oft„.,for«I.OO.   ni  l>IU)V  Ef)  SWl'.KT  PKAs.  Scarlet.  Kose  tin.   «lilc.niin^h.>^^ 
Whifclaced  with    I.avcn.lce,  an.l    itiack,  S  oeiils   per  |.a],er:  ..,.-  I':'!'^  ■;_:■,''     '',,^',''X^i,",'Z';^^ 

<;oIden-l<!iiided  l.ili  iil  -f-'V-tn,  rii'^'i'''''^  'ni^,na,m,iir, ^j,,  cohii^'^H"^^"'''^  iirmo    15  Choi- 

io  ;^;:.';  ^.:,  *i ;  i;  r!,,"*!l.'  TRY  OUR  GEM  COLLECTION  FLOWER  S|EDS.|st una, 

5J;'t,^i;';:'oi-^;;>:;;::;;;ror;^i;;;r  ORDER  AT  ONCE.  ^.n;;.i^l'i/:;;^w;;"^irsAffii™ 

on  receipt  of  statn^  to  y_  j^^  pjERSON,  ^illUl^^'o!  Sox'm,  Tally  towH,  Ncw  Yorfc. 


pay  pONtage.     Address  • 


8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


lilYE  SrnOGK. 


WhUe  grain  is  cheap  and  meal  dear,  feed  the 
arain  and  aell  meal.  »'/«■«  grain  w  drar  sell  grain. 
Talk  (Ut  mile  11/  hard  limes  as  possible.  Business 
will  be  dull,  and  i/rain  liHi;  as  lung  as  people  slop 
work,  and  lament  hard  times.  Come,  let  us  cheer  up, 
and  push  ahead. 


CHANGING  TO   GRASS   IN   SPBING. 

Although  thp  snow  is  on  the  ground  in  some 
localities,  yet  tlic  next  month  may  be  warm 
enough  to  "start  the  grass  in  some  sections,  and 
the  first  thing  to  he  done  by  tlie  farmers  who 
have  plenty  of  pasture  will  be  to  turn  out  the 
stock.  Every  spring  we  hear  of  the  prevalence 
of  bowel  diseases  due  to  this  cause.  It  will  do  no 
harm  to  allow  stock  the  privileges  of  the  pasture 
as  early  as  may  be  desired,  but  there  should 
never  be  a  complete  change  from  winter  feed  to 
pasture  until  the  stock  has  been  gradually 
brought  to  pasturiige.  The  first  day's  pasturage 
should  not  last  over  an  hour,  and  no  change  at 
all  should  be  made  at  the  stable.  The  sudden 
change  often  causes  abortion  in  cows  and  mares, 
and  enfeebles  the  ewes  that  are  late  in  lambing. 
On  those  farms  where  ensiUige  ha.s  been  used 
plentifully  the  stock  will  have  less  difflculty  on 
early  pasture  than  when  no  succulent  matter  has 
been  fed,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  those;far- 


I  all  times  one  should  move  among  the  colts,  hand- 1  melting  snow  penetrates  every  portion  and  ear- 
ning them  quietlv,  and    without   evincing  any    ries  ofl  all  soluble  material     It  may  be  consid- 
iiug   iiiem  ^'"'f' •  '  .     ^.         "        •     ered  rather  laborious,  but  it  will  pay  to  get  the 

outward  manifestations  of  tear,  m  th  s  «  a.^  >  "»  manure  spread  as  soon  as  possible,  or  elsl  place 
will  soon  gain  their  confidence.  By  kind  treat-  ,  j^  j^  neaps  under  cover.  Absorbents  will  not 
ment  mules  may  be  rendered  the  most  docile  ,  arrest  the  loss  unless  the  manure  is  turned  over 
and  afTectionate  creatures  among  our  domestic  ;  and  mixed  with  it,  and  it  will  be  money  in  the 
animals.  That  shy,  skittish  disposition  so  com-  |  pocket  to  shovel  the  snow  away  from  the  barn- 
mon  in  the  mule,  is  much  of  it  from  mismanage-    yaid  altogether. 

,i.e>it  and  ill  treitment  She:ep  AT  THE  Barn.— Although  sheep  should 

ment  and    11  treatment,  ,.„„„„   '  be  kept  at  the  barn  duringwlnter,  they  should 

In  breaking  mules  begin  when  the>  are  >oung,  j  never  be  closely  confined.  '  No  matter  how  cold 
handle  them  gently,  but  firmly,  avoid  the  possi-  ^he  weather  may  be.  sheep  must  be  allowed  to  go 
bility  of  it  breaking  away  from  you,  for  success  |  in  and  out  at  pleasure.  They  prefer  the  snow, 
depends  upon  ihe  result  of  the  first  eflort,  and  j  and  even  damp  weather,  to  being  crowded  In  the 
the  impression  made  upon  it.  Have  all  the  har-  barns  and  unless  they  are  gratined  in  their  de- 
lue  luiMie^.  .1.1  ...au^     K  'sires    become   subject  to   disea.ses.      Too   many 


the  impression  made  upon 

ne.ss  strong,  and  in  gearing  be  gentle,  steady,  and 
confidential.  After  being  hitched  do  not  endea- 
vor to  repress  to  great  eagerness  in  the  animal, 
lest  it  becomes  discouraged.  In  all  things  be 
quiet,  gentle,  and  firm,  this  will  give  the  mule 
confidence  in  himself. 


STOCK   NOTES. 


sheep  should  not  be  kept  in  one  flock,  and  an 
open  shed  is  better  for  them  than  any  other  kind, 
of  quarters,  provided  it  is  kept  clean.  They 
should  have  a  small  trough  for  salt,  and  should 
be  watered  at  least  once  a  day  regularly. 

The  Pigs.— If  you  desire  your  pigs  to  grow 
keep  them  in  good  warm  quarters  until  the 
weather  opens,  and  then  give  them  plenty  of 
exercise.  Do  not  try  to/atten  them.  Fat  is  use- 
less to  a  pig  in  spring  and  summer.     What  is 


The  Lambs.— Keep  the  rams  awav  from  the  required  of  the  pigs  is  finnrth,  or  the  building  of 
flock  until  all  the  ewes  have  lambed,  and  be  :  the  IVame  work  upon  winch  to  place  the  fat  later 
careful  thai  too  many  ewes  are  not  together,  or  I  on.  It  docs  not  require  strong,  coneentratedfood 
some  of  the  lamlis  will  be  injured. 


The  Tooiji  anp  the  .Vsi.m.vi.s.- The  tools  will 
need  looking  after.  Before  beginning  work  with 
the  teams,  oil  and  clean  every  implement,  using 
coal-oil,  freely,  and  it  will  save  labor. 

Feediki;  Roots.— Cutting  and  slicing  cold  froz- 
en roots  for  stock  is  not  economical.  They  should 


1,     r     1  -„„»„     r',.,co  Tohoti  it  first  m-ikes    be  placed  over  night  in  cold  water,  in  order  to 
mers  who  feed  roots.    Grass,  when  it  first  m.ikes    ^^^^i^  ^^^^^  ^^^_  frost,  and  before  feeding,  the  water 


its  appearance  in  the  spring  is  almost  equal  to 
a  cathartic  in  Its  actions  on  the  bowels.  This 
would  be  beneficial  if  not  continued,  but  where 
a  complete  change  from  dry  to  green  food  is 
made,  and  the  stock  compelled  to  subsist  largely 
on  the  young  grass,  the  efTcct  is  very  weakening 
to  the  animals,  and  especially  to  the  y<iung  stock. 
Calves  are  always  seriously  affected,  while  eolts 
become  very  thin  in  flesh  until  later  In  the  season. 


should  be  well  drained  oir,  and  the  sliced  roots 
sprinkled  with  meal  and  salt 


for  growth,  but  a  variety,  and  plenty  of  exercise, 
wliich  promotes  health,  and  wards  oflrdisea.se. 
Skim-milk,  and  the  run  i>r  a  clover  field  will'do 
more  lor  a  pig  than  anything  else,  and  it  should 
not  receive  a  grain  of  corn  until  next  fall. 

Working  the  HoKstxs.- .\s  soon  as  the  time 
for  spring  work  begins,  do  not  work  the  horses 
I  too  severely  at  first.  Standing  in  the  stables  all 
I  winter  renders  the  muscles  soft,  and  heavy  exer- 
cise ;/rings  on  soreness.  The  best  plan  is  to  share 
the  work  among  them  according  to  the  number, 
giving  each  animal  a  half  day's  labor  at  atinie. 


WINTER  FEEDING  OF  STEERS. 


The  feeding  of  steers  in  wint 
with  a  view  of  converting  the  I'rops  into  a  more 
salcable'product— l)eef— than  with  the  expecta- 
tion of  realizing  a  profit  from  the  steers.  There 
are  several  advantages  in  favor  of  the  winter 
feeding  of  steers,  among  them  the  following, 
viz:- The  feeding  material  is  not  t)nly  consumed 
on  the  farm,  but  there  is  a  large  quantity  of 
manure  saved.  The  labor  is  usually  performed 
during  the  winter,  when  help  is  cheap,  and  other 
work  not  pressing.  It  avoids  thi-  hauling  of  t lie 
farm 
Ihc 

wh ^  ....  ■  ^-   - ..    ._. 

farm  is  located  near  a  city,  the  steers  will  trans-    tl 


The  Fences.- We  do  not  advise  you  to  mend  Hor.ses  that  have  been  well  wintered,  however, 
vour  fences  now.  but  to  wait  until  the  frost  has  will  be  able  todogreaterservicethan  those  which, 
"finished  its  work,  and  then  the  posts  will  need  have  been  partially  neglected,  and  can  afTord  to 
attention,  as  the  frosts  will  loosen  them.  It  is  ;  lose  a  portion  of  their  accumulated  fat  before 
well  enough  to  nail  up  the  opening,  but  pernia-  1  summer;  but  with  the  beginning  of  hard  work 
ncnt  repairs  must  be  done  later.  I  there  should  be  an  increase  of  tlie  grain  allow- 

f'HEESE  MAKIS.;.-There  should  be  a  .scl.ool  in  '  a»f>?.  of  which  oats  should  predominate, 
everv  farming  communitv  for  teaching  farmers  Weaning  the 'iovNG  Stock.— March  is  an  ex- 
how'to  make  clieese.  We  admit  that  the  dairies  eellent  month  for  weaning  all  the  young  stock 
can  make  a  cheaiKT  article,  hut  good  cheese  is  that  are  old  enough.  The  colts  may  be  gradually 
not  easilv  procurable,  and  once  the  homi'-made  weaned,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  spring  service 
article  is'tried.  no  regrets  will  be  experienced,  as  ,  on  the  part  of  the  mares,  and  the  calves  that  have 


s  done  rather  t  but  few  cheeses  are  now  made  of  the  whole  milk, 
in  comnarison  with  the  Ions  <if  the  lard  product 
with  Which  the  ccmnty  is  over-loaded. 

JIii.CH  t'ows.— .\s  tlie  cows  usually  come  in  at 
different  times,  it  Is  well  to  remark  th.at  the  milk 
from  a  fresh  cow  should  not  lie  mingled  with 
that  ttf  the  others  loo  soon.  II  is  a  common  prai-- 
fice  to  remove  llie  calves  when  they  are  ftnly 
three  days  old,  but  the  milk  from  the  dams  will 
be  .at  times  ropy,  and  unlit  to  drink.  Yet.t^iis 
fact  is  disregarded,  and  the  milk  sold  or  used  as 
food,  and  it  Is  not  surprising  that  some  complain 
because  the  butler  does  not  come,  when  they  mix 


been  allowed  to  remain  with  the  cows  during  the 
winter,  as  is  sometimes  the  case  with  those  of 
choice  breeds,  may  also  be  taken  away.  There 
are  two  rca.sons  for  weaning  now.  which  are,  that 
there  is  less  liabilitv  to  disease  of  the  bowels  dui^ 
ing  cold  weather,  and  also  to  avoid  weaning 
them  after  grass  is  ready,  which  is  always  injuri- 
ous to  recently  weaned  young  stock.  With  a 
liule  care,  the  voung  slocij  can  easily  be  weaned 
ill  a  lew  day's,  without  danger  of  retarding 
growth. 


m  produce  over  bad  roads,  to  say  nothing  of  .  milk  of  difTerenl  <iuallties  and  from  cows  in  all  ;  ^„^  „,^  ,„,,?  know  tbrytake  pahist 
labor  attendant  upon  sending  it  to  market,    stages  of  How.  iy^^  the  •'Farm   and'  Ganlcu,"    >r 

iih  is  saved   by   feeding  it  to  .stock.      It  the'      Look  DiT  K.iu  the  Manire -He  careful  .ibout  i  .j,,.;^^       We  often  (le.l  letter.^; 


manure  when    the  snow  he 
•ater  loss  <jccurs  then  th.an  at  any  other  time. 


Wc  always  thank  our  frienils  for  what  tJiei/  do 

'to  get  subscribers 

kich  we  always 

mppreciate.      IV  e  ojien  <je.i  icirrrs  saying  they  were 


ENTKR PRISE  POULTRY  VAKn«i 
Pl>  ninulli  Uocks  u  Speeinll>. 

.\  n-w  rlioicf  luwls   li.r    .Ji.lr  eli'-up.     fyiU*^ 
from  hii;h-cla.ss  st<X'k  senirelv   packeil   io 
carrv  siifelv.  $|,-j.5  per  13;  •i<n-  ni..re  sii- 
tings  ordered  at   IS.  K.  WOKKKI-L. 
once.  SI  vixch.  1    Fi.  V\']isliiii(ctii'i.  Pa, 


OLAREMONT  illustrated  circular. 


UOLONY. 


J.  K.  .IIANCHA, 
(iareinont,  Virginia. 


--  V  r       ,  .u  V    Thereisalsoanroflt    greater  loss  occurs  tneu  man  at  Iny  mlJ^lhn!^  I  ^«^«"i   f  take  c^irp^per  by  advice  «}  a  JrienS 

port  themselves  to  market.     1  here  is  also  .i  profit    ^^  .^  ^^.^^^^  ^1^^^^^  ^  drizzling  rain,  as  the  slowly  \  and  are  pleased  with  it. 

in  feeding  steers.    They  are  usually  bought   in 

the    fall,   when  they  average  about    800  or    l(««l 

pounds    weight,  at  from   five   to  six   cents    per 

pound.     When  sold  in  the  spring  they  usually 

average  from  1'2(I0  to  1400  pounds,  and  the  price 

realized  is  from  seven  to  eight  cents  ]>er  pound. 

thus  returning  not  only  a  profit  on  the  increased 

weight,  but  also  liy  reason  of  a  higher  iirice  for 

the  whole.    Theestimated  cost  of  keejiing  a  sleer 

over  winter,  and  bringing  him  into  market  in 

good  condition,   is  about  twenty  dollars,  but  of 

course    this   estimate    varies    aci'ording    to    the 

severity  of  the  winter,  and   the  quality  of  tlie 

food  allowed. 


Chester  While.   Berk-  p  T  fi  C! 
•hire  and  Poland  China  i   X  U^  U, 

Fill,- S.-lUr  I»OB-.  >iiil^  h  t  ollli  r^ 
Fo\  Hound*,  niid  Ui-uelcm  Sliufp 
.11. 1    l-oultrv.    i.r..l    :ii..rior    r»li'    I.J 

,  W.  GIBBONS  ft  CO..  WestChesIer,  • 

'Chewier  mnnt.v.  Peiuisylvanltt. 

Send  Stamp  for  Circular  and  Price  List. 


««  A  TS   Lice,  Ticks,  Manpe.  CureWarranted.  Send 
OWXIA,  stamp  to  T.  W.  Lawfobd.  Baltimore.  M<L 


QEHHE 


FARMS&MILLS 

For  Sale  &  Exchange. 
^FREE  Catalogue. 


K.  B.  CHAFFIN  <&:  CO.i  Richmond,   Va, 


BREAKING    MULES. 

By  Thm.  D.  Bninl.  (ireenrUlr.  Ky.  I 

I  have  heard  some  farmers  say  that  in  break- 
ing a  mule  the  first  thing  to  do  was  to  knock  it  i 
down  five  or  six  times,  then  you  might  do  some- 
thing with  it.  By  this  treatment  the  animal 
receives  a  shock  both  mental  and  physical,  that 
in  m.any  cases  in,iures  the  constitution  of  tiu- 
animal  without  conducing  to  ils  proper  training. 
It  is  erroneous  as  well  as  inhuman.  The  first 
thing  in  bri'aking  young  animals  of  any  kind  is 
to  govern  your  own  bad  habits,  then  you  are 
ready  and  fit  l<i  break  the  animal. 

In  observing  tlie  action  of  the  mule,  and  study- 
ing their  nature,  we  find  them  to  he  a  timid 
animal,  possi'ssing  a  great  amount,  of  curiosity 
In  their  composition.  Afleetion  strongly  charac- 
terizes all  their  actions,  but  they  possess  a  pecu- 
liarity unusual  in  most  domestic  animals,  that 
of  resenting  any  injury  received  at  any  time. 
From  these  circumstances  they  have  received 
the  credit  of  viciousness  and  stubbornness, 
which,  by  a  proper  study  of  their  characters, 
and  by  a  proper  treatment  from  the  beginning, 
can,  in,  most  cases,  be  overcome.  It  is  much 
easier  to  train  up  a  mule  in  the  way  in  which  It 
is  to  go,  and  to  fit  it  for  the  pnrposi's  for  which  it 
Is  intended,  than  to  overcome  and  had  propeivsi- 
tleg.  arising  Jl-om  years  of  mismanagement.    At 


7JERSEvs...-.f..rc«ive..  aBuu..i.r.r.erv...e  a  „H,!«.«?..,  GUERNSEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 


T.  WALTER    &   SONS.  \VE>T  C 


STKK,  Pa. 


!!^^!?TR?5P?J!!!.!'i?     earliest  of  ah  fulTON  market  TOMAm 


Tiiur.>ii/h-lir..(  i'hcHt«r    «  hlU'H, 

"land'ChtnuA,^  Ini|Kiru-<i  BerkMnlre* 

Trui*  petlliC'ff  -i-'-ti  \kith  i-ViTy  •*iiiraal  sold.   Sircup,  tujiUhy 
Puriit  euuranteed.  Si-n<lnamp  for  new  Cata- 


9tOCfc  C 


loKne.  "C  li.  W'urrlnirton,  Itox  tiJi.Weel  Che»t«r,  Pb. 

H.a(i((uarter.-  for  all  articles  nsed  by 
horf^f  mi  n.  works  on  the  Horse,  horse  pic- 
tures, road,  triitk.  and  racing  pictures; 
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medicines  and  litirse  goodij  of  every  de- 
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jr.  H.  T VTTI-E,'Jt*  Xasiuin  fit.,N,  I 


H  is  smooth,  solid,  medium  size,  bright  red  color,  and 
vi-rv  niolitic.  For  market  gardeners'  use.  it  has  no  rival. 
Prite  io  cts.  per  packet.  F.  E.  McAI^LISTER, 

29  and  SI  FULTON  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 

bo  YOU  OWN  A  HORSE? 


JERSEY 
REDS. 


I  FRVITV.VLE  F.\RM.  I 
Brown  *t  Wlilte  I.cchornR.   I 
&  Plymouth  Rocli  Fowls  &  Eggs. 
>i;\i>  lor  t  \T  vi.«m;i  k. 
K.M{  tii:i!s-  I'uicr 


JERSEY 
CATTLE 


.Mortimer  Wlillehcnd.  Middlebush.  New  Jersey. 


CRYSTAL  CREAMER. 

LATEST!    BEST! 

Glass  ( "ans,  Cast  Iron  Water  TankR, 
Patent  Ice  Itc.x.  nguires  little  if 
aiiv  ice,  no  rust,  no  corroding.  Used 
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lars and  sjiecial  ofler  to  first  pur- 
chaser to  introduce,  at  once. 
C.  L.  CNEELAND,  Frmakllii.  S.  T. 


>''!<    ^<    tM 

.  fur  Iir 

Ki 

idairs 

»i 

"Tilt- 

II 

orno 

n.l  hiH 

1» 

1 

Hfa»f« 

'ni 

Fully 
a     an 

linlr\" 

.f 

lUruH 

(■■•• 

which 

^i\i"-  ()i>  H)  niploniH.  ouu8et 
iin>l  bewt  (rvutnicrit  "f  e:i*h. 
A  l:iM..'  iri\  m^'  all  iIh'  princi- 
pal driiffM  u-i-ii  I'T  iliL'  dorse, 
»iili  till-  ordinary  done*. 
cffccti*,  iiiiil  antidote  when 
;.  i»ii-.>ii  ;  ;i  raliU'  with  an  cn- 
irrtM  inff  "f  Ml.'  lior»te*A 
teetli  ;'t  dlfft-reut  n|re«, 
Hitli  rulf^  f'T  telllne  Hi.'  aire 
ol  the  home,  :i  valuable 
iolk'.:tion  <i|  rt-eelptH,  :vnd 
much  other  uneful  Information.  Thousmiiis  wti..  I.;iv.  seen  itio 
hook  .oiiimpiiil  it,  :inii  mum  Kood  hornemcn  ■>!»>  th.>  prcler  W 
to  book*  eoHtlns  e&.<>0.  It  onataine  nothiiiK  »hi.h  *^hnuJd 
exfliidf  ir  from  the  moi-t  rffiiipil  familv,  Imt  it  nhould  nv  read  by 
all.  as  it,  if-afhcs  humane  principle^,  ati'l  eK-vatr>.  tlir  n.^rals  hy 
reminding  iir  that  "the  merolftil  man  U  merciful  to  hi* 
beast.**  Ordr-r  non  nn<\  sen-i  ^-leeDts  in  •itani|i>^  or  i.i.^liil-uole,  and 
receive  l"".k.  i>o-t-i>:\irt,  hv  rrtiirn  mail.     AiMn-^-. 

FRANKLIN  NEWS  COMPANY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PEXNA. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN 


She  ©oulti^y  yAi^D. 


As  we  have  given  some  space  on  editorial  page  to 
poultry,  our  readers  mil  excuse  us  for  hamttq  cut 
this  page  down,      

BROILERS. 

Broilers  are  usually  hatched  under  hens  in 
March  for  the  earliest  supply,  but  where  the  sea- 
son is  severe,  the  hens  and  broods  must  be  kept 
In  a  good  warm  location.  It  is  useless  to  attempt 
to  rai.se  broilers  by  leaving  the  chicks  entirely  to 
the  care  of  the  hens.  They  will  gradually  drop 
off  one  by  one,  until  as  many  are  left  as  the  hen 
can  conveniently  cover,  and  when  the  minimum 
has  been  reached,  the  chicks  will  thrive.  Chick.s 
under  hens  demand  as  much  care  as  those  in 
brooders,  especially  at  this  season,  and  unless 
they  receive  it,  at  least  one-half  will  perish. 


THE    BEST   BREEDS   FOR   COLD  CLIMATES. 

i'U  /'.  11.  .hi,;,l,x.    WuillU.  III. 


FEEDING  COOKED   MATERIAL. 


The  food  for  young  chicks  shovild  always  be 
cooked,  for  if  this  is  done  there  will  be  less  liabil- 
ity of  bowel  disease;  but  the  adult  stock  should 
have  whole  grains  a  portion  of  the  time.  By 
cooking  the  food,  one  is  better  enabled  to  feed  a 
variety,  as  potatoes,  turnips,  beets,  carrots,  and 
such  like,  can  be  utilized  with  advantage.  All 
such  material  a.s  bran,  middlings,  corn  meal,  or 
ground  oats  should  at  least  be  scalded,  if  not 
cooked,  which  renders  it  more  digestible  and 
more  quickly  benelicial.  Where  shells  or  lime 
are  not  within  reach,  a  substitute  may  be  had  by 
stirring  a  spoonful  of  ground  chalk  in  the  food  of 
every  six  hens,  l)Ut  gravel  must  be  provided 
where  this  method  is  adojited. 


A    DISPLAY  OF  MARKET   POULTRY. 


i^w  that  the  poultry  shows  are  over,  and  the 
jirogrammes  for  next  season  will  l)e  made,  is  it 
not  an  excellent  idea  to  comljine  a  display  of 
market  poultry  with  that  of  the  fancy  breeds? 
Farmers,  as  a  class,  take  but  little  interest  in 
poultry  shows,  as  they  are  usually  conducted,  for 
the  reason  that  no  inducements  are  ofTered  them 
as  premiums.  Everything  is  sacrificed  to 
**  points,''  which  should  be  encouraged,  in  order 
to  adhere  to  purity,  but  there  is  no  reason  why 
market  poultry  should  not  be  e.xliibited  in  con- 
nection with  the  pure  breeds.  Farmers  do  not 
understand  the  "points,"  and  cannot  compete 
with  breeders,  as  it  is  harder  to  breed  a  perfect 
fowl  in  points,  than  to  breed  stock  true  ;  but  the 
farmer  knows  what  a  good  fat  hen  is,  and  what 
broilers  should  be.  There  should  be  a  display  of 
capons,  crossed  breeds,  market  chicks,  dressed 
carciisses,  and  even  eggs.  And  when  an  excellent 
market  fowl  is  jiroduced  by  crossing,  the  manner 
and  cost  of  so  doing  should  be  given.  Fairs 
should  be  for  the  purpose  of  giving  inst)metion, 
and  not  for  the  honor  of  securing  premiums  only. 
"We  should  endeavor  to  promote  the  poultry 
interests  in  some  other  manner  than  in  empty 
competition  for  the  mere  fact  of  securing  adver- 
tising reputation.  The  poultrn  interests  and  the 
fancier's  interests  are  two  distinct  matters,  and 
the  true  method  of  holding  a  poultry  show  is  to 
offer  inducements  to  all  who  are  interested. 


There  is  no  one  breed  that  suits  all  the  different 
climates  of  the  United  States,  and  therefore  the 
desire  to  secure  a  general  purpose  hen,  like  the 
general  purpose  cow,  is  an  impossibility.  When 
the  snow  is  very  deep,  the  hens  must  be  kept  in- 
doors, and  the  active  breeds,  (which  are  the  best 
layer's),  such  as  the  Leghorns,  Houdans  and 
Hamburgs,  become  restive,  and  are  soon  addicted 
to  vices,  such  as  feather-pulling,  egg-eating,  etc. 

The  hen  best  suited  for  a  cold  climate  should 
have  a  small  comb,  in  order  to  avoid  the  frost, 
should  be  well  feathered,  and  easily  kept  in  con- 
ffnement.  Nor  is  it  best  to  use  the  pure  breeds 
exclusively,  as  they  are  bred,  as  a  rule,  too  fine. 
The  beginner  should  rely  on  crosses  for  his  pur- 
pose, seeking  to  combine  the  good  qualities  of 
several  breeds  in  one.  The  hardiness  of  the 
Plymouth  Rocks,  the  heavy  feathering  of  the 
Cochins,  tlie  early  maturity  of  the  Leghorns,  and 
the  small  combs  of  the  Brahuias  andWyaudottes 
should  be  secured;  a:id  at  the  same  time  there 
must  be  retained  yellow  legs,  skin,  and  good 
laying  qualities.  The  best  foundation  is  the  com- 
mon fowl,  for  the  reiison  that  it  is  always  accli- 
mated. The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  increase  the 
size,  which  may  be  done  by  the  use  of  a  light 
Brahma  cock,  which  also  implants  the  small  pea 
comb.  A  cross  of  the  Rose-comb  White  Leghorn 
will  give  early  maturing  qualities,  and  if  the  cross 
is  continued  by  the  use  of  the  Wyandotte,  the 
size  is  again  larger  and  the  comb  small,  with 
plump  bodies  and  golden  yellow  skin  and  legs. 
Occasionally,  for  a  change,  a  dash  of  the  Pea- 
comb  Partridge  Cochin  may  be  used  with  advan- 
tage ;  but  whenever  a  cross  with  the  Cochin  or 
Plymouth  Rock  is  made,  it  should  be  followed 
with  a  Wyandotte,  as  one  of  the  principal  objects 
should  be  to  breed  for  small  combs. 

One-fourth  Leghorn  blood  is  enough  in  any 
cross,  as  the  Leghorn  blood  predominates.  .\ 
half-bred  Leghorn  hen  will  have  nearly  as  large 
a  comb,  and  be  nearly  as  small  in  size,  as  a  pure- 
bred one,  and  in  making  crosses  use  the  Leghorn 
cock  with  hens  of  the  larger  breeds  instead  of  the 
other  way.  A  good,  heavy  fluff'  on  a  lien  indi- 
cates that  she  is  well  protected  against  cold,  and 
if  the  houses  are  warm  and  comfortable,  the  hens 
well  cared  for,  and  made  to  scratch  for  all  they 
eat,  there  will  be  no  difficulty  about  getting  eggs 
in  winter.  But  to  get  eggs  in  winter,  if  tlie  cli- 
inalc  is  severe,  there  is  no  reliance  to  be  placed 
in  Black  Spanish,  Hamburgs,  Houdans  or  Polish. 
Tin-  Leghorns  may  lie  partially  excepted,  but  the 
best  are  the  Brahmas.  Langshans,  Cochins,  Wy- 
andot tes  and  Plymouth  Rocks,  the  good  qualities 
of  all  of  which  may  be  combined,  to  a  certain 
e-xlent,  by  judici(jus  crossing. 


HOW   MANY   EGGS  WILL  A    HEN    LAY. 

We  often  read  of  hens  that  lay  2(H)  eggs  a  year, 
but  such  statements  do  more  harm  than  good, 
by  inducing  the  inexperienced  to  believe  such  to 
be  a  fact.  Any  one  who  is  familiar  at  all  with 
poultry,  knows  that  during  the  fall  all  hens 
undergo  the  process  of  moulting,  or  shedding  of 
the  feathers.  This  requires,  usually,  about  three 
months,  or  100  days.  As  there  are  only  36.5  days 
in  a  year,  we  have  26.5  days  left  after  deducting 
the  moulting  period.  If  a  hen  lays,  regularly,  an 
egg  every  otlier  day,  she  will  lay  Ify^  eggs,  but,  she 
will  probably  lose  three  months  more  in  hatching 
out  her  broods,  and  even  if  she  is  a  non-sitter,  she 
■will  take  a  resting  spell.  As  moulting  is  a  heavy 
drain  on  the  system,  but  few  hens  lay  during 
that  process,  though  there  are  exceptions,  and 
where  the  number  of  eggs  exceed  one  every  two 
days,  it  will  be  found  that  a  coi-responding  reduc- 
tion occurs  during  .some  period  of  the  year. 
■While  we  admit  that  certain  individual  hens 
have  been  known  to  lay  as  many  .as  L50,  or  even 
175  eggs,  in  a  year,  such  cases  are  rare,  and  if  one 
lias  a  flock  of  twenty  hens,  or  more,  he  should  be 
satisfied  if  there  is  an  average  of  11X1  eggs  a  year 
for  the  whole  flock,  or  rather,  nine  dozen.  Four 
dozen  out  of  the  nine  should  realize  thirty  cents 
per  dozen,  three  dozen  should  bring  about  twenty 
cents  per  dozen,  and  two  dozen  should  realize 
fifteen  cents  per  dozen,  in  this  .section,  or  an 
average  of  about  twenty-three  cents.  Of  course 
this  calculation  may  be  wrong,  but  it  will  convey 
an  idea  of  what  may  be  expected. 


POULTRY  SCRATCHINGS. 

Material  for  lirsx  B.\TII8.— I>ry  dirt  is  not 
easily  procuretl  now,  and  the  best  sulpstitute  is 
finely-sifted  coal  ashes.  Wood  ashes  should  be 
aA'oided,  being  injurious  should  the  weatlier  be 
damp. 

The  New  York  Show.— There  were  10,000  birds, 
including  pigeons  and  wild  fowl,  at  the  Fanciers' 
show  in  New  York  City  last  month.  Thousands 
of  visitors  were  present  from  all  parts  of  the 
eountry- 

March  Winds.— There  is  nothing  like  damp- 
ness and  cold  winds  for  producing  roup.  See 
that  every  crack  in  the  poultry  house  is  stopped 
up.  It  is  better  to  leave  the  door  open  than  to 
allow  open  crevic^es. 

<_;ooD  Incub.\tors. — At  the  recent  New  York 
sliow  over  fifty  incubators  were  exliibited,  and 
nearl.v  all  were  in  sviecessful  operation.  The 
time  is  fast  ajpiiroacbing  when  sitting  hens  will 
be  entirely  suiicrseded. 

Prolific  Leghorns.- Mr.  R.  R.  Lewis,  of  Ateo, 
New  Jersey,  reports  that  he  finds  White  Leg- 
horns to  be  good  winter  layers.  His  flocks  lay  as 
well  now  as  in  summer — due  to  go^>d  (|uartcrs  and 
care  in  breeding.  For  years  he  has  bred  lor  vigor, 
and  is  a  strong  believer  in  the  prolificacy  of 
Wliite  Leghorns. 

Lining  for  Poultry  Houses.— Tarred  felt  is 
tlie  best  material.  It  can  be  easily  tacked  on  the 
inside,  does  not  harbor  rats  or  mice,  and  is 
obno.xious  to  lice.  The  only  objection  to  it  is 
that  it  renders  the  poultry  house  dark,  but  where 
there  is  a  good,  lar^e  window  the  advantages  are 
greatly  in  favor  of  its  use. 

Scratching  >I.\teriai,. — The  hens  should 
always  be  provided  with  something  within 
which  to  scratch.    Anything  will  answer,  such  as 

cut  straw,  chaff,  sawdust,  earth,  w i  aslies,  or 

even  s\Yeepings  from  buildings.  Abo\  c  all  Ihings^ 
keep  the  hens  at  work  during  confinement,  as 
they  wilt  remain  in  better  health,  and  prove 
tlieiiiselves  more  productive. 

A  Safe  Remedy.- The  celebrated  Paris  dipthe- 
ria  remedy  has  been  tried  with  success  in  eases 
of  roup  in  fowls.  The  method  is  to  place  the  hen 
in  a  box  (such  as  a  soap  or  candle  box),  and  burn 
wood,  tar,  and  spirits  of  turpentine,  equal  parts, 
until  the  box  is  ctmiplctely  filled  with  the  dense 
black  fumes  arising  from  the  combustion.  .\s 
the  sick  fowl  inhales  the  smoke  the  nnicuous 
matter  is  dissolved,  and  relief  is  immediate.  It 
is  a  simple  remedy,  and  worth  trying. 

Frozen  nRoppiNGS  — Tf  the  droppings  arc  not 
removed  daily  the.^  -.ec-onie  too  hard,  and  (.1:3 
larger  the  accumulation  the  greater  the  diffi- 
culty of  removal.  Dry  dirt  should  be  sprinkled 
und£r  the  roosts,  but  as  it  is  not  easily  procured 
at  this  season,  land  plaster,  if  dr,v  and  fine,  may 
be  substituted,  .\fter  cleaning  away  the  drop- 
pings scatter  plaster  liberally  over  the  floor,  arui 
under  the  roosts,  and  the  labor  of  removal  will  be- 
come an  easy  matter  and  quickly  accomplished. 


I 


BAXES*  Improved 

are  the  best.  (>  sizes.SlS 
to  :$100.  100  to  1000 
'2;:^.  Warranted.  AIJ 
HKKKPKRSof  piiirLTRYUSe 

thpni       Send    fi»r   (ii-jcriplivc   circulars    and  teetmionials. 

JOSEPH  I.  BATKS  A;  CO.,  WKYMOUTH,  MASS. 


NCUBAT0R8 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0.,  "  "^i"^'* 


f>lCfl  ' 

Hun 


.\N<; 


and  Home- 
llANS,r)iureui;liliif(lWVANDOTTES- 

1. 11   free.    IVtellliuM  KAKM  ^\^'l>OiABI>KN. 


FOR  THE  BEST  INCUBATORS  ANO  BROOOERS.    I^angshan 
esc!;s.  fl.-*t  lu.   ):;;     Dievvil    T.CBliuni    egcs,  ?1..50  for  13. 

Adilie^?.  CHAS.   LIPPINCOTT.   Clnnamlrison,  New  Jersen. 


THE   FERFECX 

HATCHER  AND  BROODER 

Istho  I^endine  •'i"<l  Siaiidard  A|i|>:n;iiii-   ol    ilic 
World  lor  llaicliiiie  and  KaiMin«£  roiilirj.    J(  i>i 

simple  ami  t*;isv  In  uiiinat;e.     Abs..liil<-ly  licliahlu,  Pt^i- 
fectlv    seir-n-mihilitit,',    and    nevt-r    lails    tn    haluli. 

PERFECT    HATCHER   CO., 

Be  sure  and  mention  this  paper.  KL3IIRA,  N.  \. 


HICH  CLASS  POULTRY  ANO   PICEONS.  AH  the  best  varie- 
ties. l^gi^N  fur  lialrliiii^  a  Specialty-  Send  stamp  lor 
large  illustraled  circulars.    R,  Vanderhoven.  Rahway^  N.  J. 


rnCwrl   UUUO  mouth'KorkL     i'l 

■  forl3,  or  S3  for  2G,  carefnlly  packed  at  express. 
Extra  fine  stock.  Care  and  expenee  not  spared  to  get 
best  strains.  F.C.BlDDL£,CbaddN  Ford.  Pn 


M  /-v^>^AAAA/Cvw^/v?^>^y: 


Tiip«i,\vii»(;i:.  loocBBs 

'21.00.         DIfleleiil     sizes. 
Never  tails-    Sent  fin  trial. 
■  C.  VV.  SAVlIXiE.  2524  Hiinlinqdon  SI.,  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


INCUBATORS^ 


25 


YEARS  IN  THE 

POULTRY  YARD. 

It.tii  Edition.  lOS  Paries,  explain- 
iiiL'  tbe  entire  Imsiiiess.  Gives 
symptoms  and  best  remedies  for 
all  diseases.  A  SD-jjau'e  Illustrated 
Catalogue.  AH  for  )lhc.  in  stamps. 

A.  M.  LANG, 
Cove  1>ale«  Xicwis  Co.  Ey.* 


TAMPV  POULTRY  AND  PET  STOCK  FQR 

rAnUl    SALE.   Scn^  stamp  f..r.'ir-'iilar  10,1.  R,  KOSS, 
"  """      "  l..cvi*l— Warren  Co..  Ohio. 


M<-iiii. 


■i.l  r;:in1''ii. 


T.  WALTER  &  SONS, 


WKST    fllESTF.K. 

-i-i.:nnsvi,\ania.— 
Bri.cliTs  iiii.l  Sl,i|,p,-s  ,,r  litlPROVKn  STOCK. 
CATTl.K.  SIIKKI',  SWINE.  l'Ori,TRY.  and 
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PHESTOII'S  raHDOTTE  GIZETTE. 

Size,  9x11.  Finest  50o.  I'rtiiltrj'  ICnok  in  tlie  world. 
Contains  three  eleirant  rhromos,  and  orisinal  cost  of 
fiiher  laree  entrrnvinirt  over  ?fiOO.  Also,  all  manner  of 
brie)*,  prarficnl.  nnil  vnliinble  ponltry  information. 
Handsome  bf'."-  ri|)i-4tT"<reil  f'ircniRr  free. 
GEO.  A    PKI>T)(N.  Itiiisliiiinptoiu  New  York. 


Practical  Poultry  Boofe 

loo  pages:  beautiful  COLORED 
PLATE;  eiitrravinns  of  nearly  all 
kin^ls  of  fowls;  plans  for  poultry 
houses;  how  to  caponize;  informa- 
tion about  incubators.  Descriptions 
of  tbe  breecU.  and  where  to  buy 
them.  Eg-gsfrombeststockat  S1.50 
pt-r  bittini;.     H'liik   sent  for  11;  cent's. 

ASSOCIATED  FANCIERS 

rt?  S.  Eiphth  St.,  Phtlad£lphia. 


wwv^yvA•/wyv^•/■ 


LANGSHANS 


■ii, 


THE  HKST  IN  A.IIERirA. 

Tlie  fnesl  strains  in  lliis  couiilrv 

_    lliatcil     with     i'>rn>r     iu>j:nih>Ui>n.1 

|-  KiiKlunil.  Kt,'i;s  S2.50  Inr  13,  S4.5I> 
IS  with  iin  itistin.tiiiDs  ri'f  laisino 
T  IXiTitAliJl:  \M.liIiiJ(ilJEB. 


iroiit  Mai..r  !• 

l(,r  26.  si'iKl  I 

Spring  Chickens  itixl  BK.^i  i.m  i  i>.vi'iiv  \  ^  i.  lii..  „  mr^j 
A<Ulress  J.   I.,   IlAKlilS.   ('iiiii:iiiliii«nn.   N.  J.    < 

incubators: 

THERMOSTATIC.  PEKFKCT  HATt'HER. 
SUCCES.S,  OENTENNIAI,.  AMXITHEKS 

IN'    ((IKSTAXT   lU'KItATmS'. 

BROODERS  and  POULTRYSUPPLIES 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 
l^nd  Stamp  for  Ciro/tar  and  Pricc-IJst. 

ASIATIC   POULTRY  CURE, 

A  SURE   CURE   TOR   ALL   ERUPTIONS  ON  POULTRY. 

I=ELZ     &     GO-, 
103  North  Second  Street.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


lO 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    I7OUSBHOLD. 


AUNT   HESTER'S   DOCTORING. 


"It  Is  harilly  worth  mending  again,"  said 
Fanny,  resrii^tl'iilly,  as  she  set  aside  the  big  dish 
pan  whicli  Iniil  scrvi'd  licr  so  icing  and  so  faith- 
ftilly,  '•  ttiouKli  I  am  sorry  to  give  it  up." 

Annt  Hester  examined  it  eritieally  a  minute, 
and  then  deeided  that  slie  eould  patili  it  so  efl'ee- 
tuaiiy  that  it  "  would  lie  good  for  another  five 
years."  Fanny  watelieil  lierwitli  muelienrloslty 
as  slie  cut  a  round  of  stout  yellow  muslin  the  size 
of  tlietiottomof  tlie  pan,  then  painted  tlie  outside 
of  the  tin  and  laid  on  the  elotli.  Tlicn  she  gave 
the  latter  a  thick  eoat  of  paini,  also,  and  set  it 
a-side  t«  dry.  Sure  enough  it  wiUi  doing  good 
serviee  still,  five  years  afterward. 

The  eoal-seuttle  was  also  going  out  at  the  bot- 
tom, and  tine  eoal-dust  often  sifted  out  on  Fanny's 
brlgllt  oil-eloth.  Aunt  Hester  "doetol'ed"  it  In 
the  same  way.  without  and  within,  and  there  is 
no  telling  wlien  that  will  ever  wear  out.  "It  is 
the  first  time  I  ever  lieard  of  mending  tin  or  iron 
with  eloth.  "  said  Fanny, 

But  Hester's  laslilon  of  mending  nig-carpets, 
was(iuite  as  luinllar.  I  never  tried  It,  hut  her 
plan  workiil  well  for  her.  She  made  a  tliiek  flour 
paste,  anil  eul  out  a  patch  the  size  she  desired, 
and  then  pasted  it  neatly  and  firmly  down  on 
the  worn  spot.  Fvery  tliread  and  strand  was 
glned  fast,  and  when  it  was  dry  it  would  keep  in 
place  a  long  time,  and  hardly  siiow  the  patch. 

8he  was  a  great  help  to  Fanny  when  it  came  to 
repairing  some  old  ingrain  carpets  lor  the  bed- 
rooms. Worn  places  were  cut  out,  and  tlie  iWMij.s 
rippeil  apart.  Then  the  pieces  to  be  Joined  were 
lapped  an  inch  or  two,  and  felled  down  on  eaeli 
side.  It  gave  a  strong  tlat  seam,  ami  the  carpet 
could  l>e  used  on  eitlier  side.  She  calculated  It 
all  out  with  care  before  tlie  carpets  were  taken 
up.  Til  is  is  an  excellent  plan  for  any  house- 
keeper wlio  finds  economy  needful,  and  who 
cannot  rephure  the  old  with  new  a-s  often  as  she 
would  like. 

Putty  wa-san  Infallible  cure,  with  Aunt  Hester, 
for  broken  larthcn-ware  which  was  not  designed 
for  table  use.  It  must  be  left  long  to  harden,  but 
then  It  wiiK  like  iron,  wliich  is  more  than  can  be 
said  of  any  "  patent  cement  "  I  have  ever  found. 
Soinetimcs  sucti  repairs  are  not  as  ornamental 
as  they  are  useful. 

But  glue  was  Hester's  strong  point.  She  ex- 
temporized a  glue-pot  out  of  a  small  can  set  Inside 
of  a  larger  one;  the  outer  one  to  be  filled  with 
water,  and  then  melting  up  five  cent's  worth  of 
glue,  sh(^  repaired  every  rickety  chair  or  pl<aure- 
frame,  or  liook-<'over  about  the  house.  Fanny 
thought  It  was  the  best  Investment  of  live  cents 
ehc  had  ever  known. 


The  Farm  iinil  <;nl*den  lliakeH  oll'erM  unlike 
any  olhrr  paper.  Iti^ad  and  act  upon  the  oiler 
on  puse  1,  this  uuinber.' 


LET  IN  THE  SUNSHINE. 

hij  J.  K.  MrC. 


New  Year's  Is  generally  considered  the  time  for 
good  resolutions,  new  starts  and  enterprises,  but 
I  think  11  can  hardly  compaie  with  the  blessed 
spring  time.  Tliere  is  something  inspiring  in  tlie 
■very  sight  of  the  first  blue-bird,  tlie  first  tender 
blades  of  gr;u<s,  and  the  scent  of  the  first  •'  Mig- 
noiActte  Violet,"  which  liloom  as  soon  as  thesnow- 
wreath  fades.  'l"he  spring  sunshine  is  soul-glad- 
dening, and  the  fresh,  strong  breezes  wlih-h  dry 
the  earth,  quicken  the  pulse  like  wine,  only  it  Is 
a  far  safer  stimulant,  as  it  is  both  life  and  strength- 
giving. 

It  Is  not  wise  to  sit  down  and  sigh  over  the  long 
array  of  work  lo<iming  up  before  one  as  the  seasim 
opens.  Itathcr  take  uj)  the  duties  one  by  one  as 
they  comti  up.  and  let  all  the  sunshine  into  the 
heart  that  It  will  take.  Heart-power  is  the  real 
power  In  tills  world.  It  will  give  a  spring  to  all 
the  activities  ,  both  of  body  and  mind. 

Little  plans  maturing  day  by  day,  are  among 
the  very  i>leasant  things  of  life,  even  though 
they  may  sei-m  triiles  In  themselves.  An  answer 
to  a  long  lettersent  to  a  distant  friend,  which  she 
has  answered  in  the  same  spirit,  giving  minute 
news— details  from  the  old  home,  has  often  made 
a  hard  day's  work  seem  light  and  cln-rrful. 

"Howgiad  I  am  that  I  did  this,  or  that  In  the 
winter  wlien  I  had  time,"  remarks  the  thrifty 
housewife,  !is  siie  reaps  some  little  harvest  of  the 
winter's  sewing.  It  is  a  good  rule  generally  to  do 
everything  as  early  as  you  <'an.  .Some  things,  of 
course,  are  better  made  the  day  they  art-  wanted, 
but  anything  that  will  "keep"  well,  Is  all  the 
better  for  being  made  beforehand.  Nothing  gives 
more  composure  of  mind  than  this  con.s<'i<iusnes8 
of  reserve  forces— only  waiting  to  be  called  out 


as  needed.  It  saves  a  great  deal  of  the  wear  and 
tear  of  "  worry  "  which  brings  so  many  mothers 
to  their  graves  prematurely  and  draws  crow-feet 
all  too  early  about  the  brows  ol  so  many  others. 
Here  is  a  good  littlc  verse  from  Dr.Watts  which 
an  old  Sea  Captain  said  had  helped  him  to  go 
comfortably  several  times  around  the  world. 

"  I'll  not  willinely  offend 

Nor  be  easily  oneneled ; 

VVtial's  aniiss  I'll  strive  to  mend. 

And  endure  what  (!au't  tie  mended." 
It  may  not  be  high  poetry,  l.ut  it  is  good  senti- 
ment and  would  work  a  w<inderful  change  in 
some  families  if  adopted  as  the  household  motto. 


THE   GREENWOOD  TREE. 


Bf/  Lois. 


"  tue  Greenwood  Tree  "  may  be  very  beautiful 
and  poetical  In  Its  pla<'e.  but  it  has  no  beauty  In 
the  eyes  iif  the  housewife,  who  sees  its  remains 
in  her  wood  box,  when  tlie  dinner  hour  is  coming 
on.  The  farmer  who  falls  to  provide  a  supply 
of  dry  wood,  when  he  has  the  leisure,  must 
not  grumble  over  late  meals,  undone  brea<l,  and 
lialfKlone  potatoes,  even  after  a  hard  days  work 
in  the  field. 

Pliaroali  has  lieeii  handed  down  its  a  proverbial 
old  tyrant  all  tlu'secenliu'ies,  because  he  required 
bricks  without  straw.  Init  that  was  a  trifle  com- 
pared witli  cooking  meals  over  sizzling  sticks  of 
green  wood.  Knough  "straw"  cannot  be  raised 
in  common  stones  to  do  the  business,  and  as  for 
a  blaze,  that  is  out  of  tile  <iuestion.  Then  comes 
a  frantic  seflrch  for  "one  more"  old  barrel  head 
or  stave  to  split  up  to  coax  the  kettles  to  a  boil, 
and  while  the  wife  turns  aside  to  do  her  ch<ipping 
the  work  all  falls  tiehind,  the  baby  falls  Into 
mischief,  and  the  poor  tired  wom.an  falls  to  cry- 
ing unless  she  is  made  of  sterner  material  than 
most  women. 


Such  shiftlessness  and  indifference  to  the  abso- 
lute needs  of  a  household  require  heroic  treat- 
ment rather  than  meekness  and  patient  endur- 
ance. Decision  of  diaracter  is  just  as  important 
for  a  woman  as  for  a  man.  It  is  no  partof  a  wife's 
duty  to  encourage  such  a  sinful  neglect  on  the 
part  of  one,  who  is  the  nearest  and  shcaild  be  the 
dearest  of  all  the  world  to  her.  Paul  says  of  such 
a  negligent  provider  that  "he  has  denied  the 
faith  and  is  worse  than  an  infidel."  The  real 
welfare  of  our  dear  ones,  should  be  more  to  us 
than  any  temporary  cousiderati<in. 

Mrs.  H.  had  such  a  careless  husband,  who,  day 
after  day,  left  lier  with  no  fuel  to  prepare  meals 
for  a  tableful  ot  workmen.  "Oh  I  <'an't  bother 
about  wood  now,  you  must  pick  up  something. 
Have  .1  ane  look  about  the  barn  and  fence  corners." 
When  all  there  resources  were  exhausted  he 
pettishly  remarked,  "  Do  the  next  best  thing 
then,"  as  with  an  injured  air  he  walked  olT. 

Meal  time  came,  and  the  house  was  tidy  and 
cool.  The  wife  wjts  spinning,  and  tlie  little  girl 
churning,  liut  no  savory  dinner  odor  cheered  the 
hungry  men. 

"  But  where  is  the  dinner,"  asked  the  aston- 
ished farmer.  "  Plcjuse  look  in  that  pot  on  the 
door-step,"  said  the  wife.  There  was  a  potful  of 
nicely  cleaned  vegetables,  and  a  good  niece  of 
salted  meat,  the  only  drawback  being,  they  were 
uncooked.  In  answer  to  his  exclamation  she  re- 
marked, "  You  told  me  to  try  the  next  best  thing 
anil  it  seemed  to  he  to  set  the  pot  in  the  sun. 

A  good  load  of  wood  was  hauled  that  afternoon, 
but  before  they  set  out,  she  urged  them  to  take  a 
lunch,  and  hastened  to  bring  out  from  her  store 
rotmi,  plenty  of  good  bread,  butter,  doughnuts 
and  milk.  There  was  very  little  "picking  up" 
to  make  tires  after  that. 


S.4TIBi  FINISH 


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ibcff,  rnibracirig  ill  objects  of  iLieri'>it  connecied  ilicrewuh,  aad 
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Fr«*idfiiui  of  ibe  United  Slate'*,  from  Waehinit'on  to  C'ovelaod. 
Tbese  aliiuEDJi  ure  very  beauilfiilly  gotten  np  and  iirliBticalty  ex* 
ecut^d,  and  ai^  inure-'tintt  and  valuable  fKUvenlrs.  worthy  to 
adorn  Brir  bonie.  Thf  firnt  on^'  hundrfd  pfr»ona  rf^onding  tO 
thia  itdi'rrtUrment  wiU  fir/t  receive,  in  addition  to  Ike  paver  oTUl 
Album».an  elrgant  Solid  <>olil  ChuHod  I<aii«l  Klnv*  In  oiiae. 
fret.  Our  pnp^r  coikjimm  Iti  litrgp  pagc^.  64  coIuruih.  uud  is  filled 
wiib  the  moHt  Intereiiihii;  reading  niaiter  for  nil.  Tbis  rr^at  offer 
i*  made  to  iittroduce  II  Into  nctv  h<>n)«s.  Five  f<ub«crlpiloii3  wlih 
PrrRiliimB  oent  for  Si  00.     Satis/action   guaranteed.     Address, 

6.  11.  MOOUE  Jk  CO.,  »7  Park  Plave,  New  Vork. 


RINGS. 

These  are  the  ho^st  IH  K.  Solid  miUd  Gold 
RinKH  made.  Theynro  worth  S*.J.O0.  but  to  In- 
troduce onr  rtnBM.  whiili  we  wiirmnt  to  look  and 
wear  I  ike  solid  unld.  wu  tmike  thin  Kfand  spechil  of- 
fer. Snmpio  H-1CiiiiihI  or  FInt  Kintr  by  mult  Tor 
Fifty  CVutH  if'tutDps  taken).  Addrees  liynn  & 
Co.»  769  13ruudn-ay.  New  York. 


FREE 


FREE  Silks  for  Patchwork.»i 

montlu  BolwiHpli.'n  to  the  Honie  Cucct.  cur  I'opular,^ 
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»iK.r»d  Silk  l)loct«for  pi!.h>roTk,  I  j.Mbift  IJmbroUcry 
Silk,»saon«a colon,  1  luv.ly  roat..<  S.UtlI»iiiltfrchi.-i,      # 
iiie  SO  I ''0.  »nil  I  B.^..k  of  Kancv  Work,  nwr  aUtche^.  dctlgni,  ae. 
TH^  B.  LTSPENCEa  CO..  HAaTPOSD.  CONN. 


LADIES; 


can  do  thrir  ottm  stampirtg  for  f^n- 
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ALL  GIVEN  AVTAY! 

3  GOLD  WATCHES, 

4  Parisian  Dolls, 
35  New  Dresses,  &c 

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iflliri;,'tu  the  nutnlter  of  Chapttre  In  the 
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8olld  Oold.  LodyVHtcnfUind- 
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Watch;    the   third,  n  holld    Gold 
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Jenny  June  in  her  pn'riire  (a  this  hook,  mt«i  ''The  preMRt  Tohiiuf  does  not  pr«-lrnd  (o  fiirnUli  Ih* 
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»jirl"'y  '•r'e»r.U<'n! 
vor  before  l>t-«n  ^Ihered  wilh  r 


xfi.lfir  «:n:>9  i.r  lioDtehi.lil  dprarr.iloii--lh.-ui  haiy 


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THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


II 


Odds  and  €nds 


A  gentleman  who  Is  the  owner  of  seven  diiugh- 
ters,  calls  his  mansion  "The  House  of  the  Seven 
Oabbles." 

Professor  Sumner  says  that  the  whole  tlion-y  of 
wages  can  be  thus  siniijly  expressed  :— "  W  hen 
two  bosses  are  running  after  f)ne  man,  wages  are 
high  When  two  men  are  running  after  one  boss, 
wages  are  low.      _^_ 

Sometimes  a  young  man  faneies  it  sounds  cos- 
mopolitan to  adopt  the  style  of  restaurant  wai- 
ters, and  call  for  ''a  stew,"  "  a  fry."  and  tin-  like. 
It  you  will  observe  a  gentleman,  you  will  see  that 
he  takes  his  home  manners  with  him  wherever 
he  goes.  ^ 

Table  Talk— One  Style.—"  Sal,  when  you  are 
done  with  that  plate  of  meat,  hand  it  here." 
■"Jim,  soon  as  you  get  time,  hand  up  them  potii- 
toes."'  "Jake,  start  that  pie  this  way."  "Just 
give  us  a  chunk  of  cheese,  if  you  don't  want  it  all 
yourself."  

Paul  Boynton,  who  once  thought  of  going 
through  the  Niagara  Rapids  in  his  rubber  suit, 
took  tlie precaution  lirst  to  numbersonir  raiirond 
ties,  and  send  them  tlirough.  When  the  battcnil, 
splintered  fragments  were  recovered,  be  changed 
his  mind.  . 

First  Attempts.— When  Mr.  Greely  was  a 
printer's  be IV,  smuic  farmer  brought  into  the  oflice 
a  monster  siiuasli,  and  the  hands  were  asked  to 
write  a  description  of  it.  Horace  tried  his  "  'pren- 
tice hand,"  but  the  eflusion  wasdn.pped  into  the 
waste  basket.  What  would  not  autograph  hun- 
ters pay  for  it  now  ? 


changes  it  undergoes  in  the  system,  for  we  are 
sirapfy  treating  of  starch  at  present,  and  we 
trust  we  have  made  it  clear  how  it  is  changed 
into  sugar,  and  thus  made  soluble  and  lit  for 
aborption  into  juices  which  keep  the  body  at  a 
uniform  temperature  and  in  good  repair. 

It  is  a  common,  but  mistaken  notion  that  sago 
and  tapiocaare  very  nutritious.  On  the  contrary, 
they  consist  wholly  of  starch,  with  only  about 
three  per  cent  of  gluten,  so  that,  unless  cooki-il 
with  milk  or  eggs,  they  form  a  very  insutlicient 
food.  The  same  is  the  case  with  Indian  corn 
flour  and  arrowrf)ot,  which  have  scarcel.v  a  par- 
ticle of  nutritious  matter  in  them,  so  that  it  is  a 
great  mistake  to  feed  an  invalid  or  a  child  on 
such  materials.  They  are  no  doubt  uselul  as 
easily  digested  heat  producers,  but  they  must  be 
cooked  with  milk  or  eggs  before  they  are  of  much 
use  for  actural  nutriment,  and  many  a  child  has 
been  starved  to  death  through  its  parents'  igno- 
rance of  this  fact.  It  is  true  medical  men  oiten 
recommend  arrowroot  forthose  indelicate  health 
and  it  is  of  great  importance  to  keep  u)>  Ihi-  nat- 
ural heat  of  the  body  with  the  least  exertion  ol 
the  digestive  organs,  but  it  cannot  be  too  widely 
known  that  arrowroot,  pure  and  simple,  is  a 
mere  heat  producer,  and  milk,  beef  tea,  soup, 
or  other  suitable  flesh-forming  food,  must  be 
given  with  it  if  the  child  or  invalid  is  to  be  kept 
alive. —  Wentern  Rural. 


A  poor  woman  with  a  baby  in  her  arms,  en- 
tered a  crowded  car,  and  had  a  bard  time  to  keep 
her  balance,  as  she  bad  to  hold  on  to  Ihi'  strap 
with  one  hand,  and  to  the  child  witli  the  other. 
A  comfortable  looking  man  sitting  before  her, 

fllanced  indignantly  up  and  down  the  car,  and  at 
ast  exclaimed,  "  Why  docs  not  some  one  get  up 
and  give  the  lady  a  seat?  "  Then  he  settled  back 
with  an  air  which  seemed  to  say,  "  such  a  sellish 
world."  

How  sweet  to  my  sight  was  niy  mother's  old  kitchen, 

As  prompted  by  hunger.  I  eHlereii  therein  ; 
The  kettles  und  sauce-pans,  tliev  l.mkcd  so  bewitching, 

And  a  halo  of  glory  surroundi-d  th.-  liii. 
The  hat;  ot  ol<l  Java— the  cotr(-.--mill  hy  n, 

Tiie  tea  urn  and  caddy  on  s1ih11|.ii(  iih-ive; 
The  jar  of  nice  pickles  and  all  Ihf  t^ood  xictnals. 

And  the  juicy  mince  pies,  which  so  di'iirly  I  love  : 
Tiiose  teader  crust  jdea,  the  spicy  mince  nle-<, 

Theaweet  juicy  pies  which  so  deuriy  I  fove. 


THE  JOYS  OF  CAMEL  RIDING. 

A  Ifew  days  ago  I  had  my  first  ride  on  a  camel, 
and  I  thought  it  would  be  my  last.  It  was  to  go 
to  our  camp,  that  I  gid  cross-legged  upon  an  Arab 
saddle,  in.securelv  fastened  by  strings,  upon  the 
back  of  a  great,  lumbering,  liuinp-l)a<-k  brute. 
I  no  sooner  attempted  to  take  my  place  on  the 
saddle,  than  the  camel,  which  was  lying  prone, 
into  whii'h  position  he  was  forced,  began  grunts 
Ing  like  an  old  village  pump  violently  worked. 
At  the  same  time  he  turned  his  prehensile  lips 
asidi-,  grinning  like  a  bull  dog,  and  showing  a 
grinning  row  of  teeth,  which  he  sought  to  close 
upon  me.  I  got  aboard  without  accident,  and 
had  not  long  to  wait  for  a  rise. 

The  first  moTcment,  as  he  lifted  his  fore  legs, 
nearly  sent  me  over  backwards;  the  next,  as  he 
straightened  his  hind  legs,  still  more  nearly  tip- 


ped me  over  his  head.  I  had  been  warned  to 
Iiold  tight,  but  it  was  only  the  clutch  of  despera- 
tion tiiat  saved  mo.  After  several  lunges,  tho 
brute  got  fairly  on  his  legs. 

The  reins  consisted  of  a  rope  round  his  ncc^k  for 
steering,  and  a  string  fastened  to  a  ring  thrust 
through  his  nostrils,  to  pull  up  his  head,  and 
stop  him  when  going  too  fast.  My  camel  began 
to  move  forward,  and  thereupon  I  oscillated  and 
scii-sawed  as  if  siezed  with  se:i-sickness  or  cramp 
in  the  stomach.  Involuntary  as  the  movement 
was,  an  hour  of  it,  would,  I  am  sure,  have  made 
as  abject  a  victim  of  me  as  the  worst  sufl'ercr  on 
a  channel  passage. 

A  heartless  friend  was  in  frontof  me  on  another 
camel,  which  beset  trotting.  Instantly  I  liecame 
helpless  as  a  child,  for  my  camel  disregarded  the 
strain  upon  his  no.strils,  and  my  fervent  ejacular 
tions.  Mv  profane  Arabic  vocabulary  wsis  too 
limited  to  have  the  slightest  ettcct.  I  swayed  to 
and  fro  and  was  bumped  up  and  down,  until  I  was 
almost  shaken  to  peices.  It  would  have  been 
a  positive  relief  could  I  have  found  myself  at 
rest  on  the  ground,  but  the  motion  was  so  incess- 
ant I  had  no  time  to  make  up  my  mind  what 
course  to  adopt.  It  ended,  as  even  the  experL 
encesof  the  worst  kind  must  do,  and  I  Ibund  my- 
self still  on  the  camel's  back. 

Not  so  my  humorous  friend,  who,  to  my  great 
comfort,  performed  a  double  somersault,  and  did 
not  succeed  In  landing  ciuite  on  bis  feet.  I  was 
told  that  I  would  become  accustomed  to  camel- 
riding,  and  might  even  get  to  like  it.  But  my 
faith  is  not  great  enough  for  that.— Z/on(ton  Tela- 
(jraph* 


The  Italic  type  was  the  Inventions  of  Aldus 
Manutius,  who  employed  It,  not  as  wc  do.  In 
quotations,  but  in  the  execution  of  a  series  of 
small  classical  works  intended  for  general  i>e- 
rusal.  It  is  said  that  in  this  charataer  Aldusat- 
tempted  an  imitation  of  the  hand-writing  of  the 
celebrated  poet  Petrarch. 


Candy  should  be  tested  by  putting  a  small 
piece  into  a  glass  of  water..  Whatever  settles  to 
the  bottom  is  not  sugar,  but  an  aulteratlon. 


A  Novel  Shepjierd.- A  farmer  riding  along  a 
country  road,  cano.'  upon  a  number  of  dogs  which 
were  barking  turiously  at  a  flock  of  sheep  hud- 
dled together  ill  a  fence  corner.    The  poor  lambs 
and  thin  mothers  w.re  quaking  with  fear.    But  I 
a  brave  watchman  stood  guard  and  kept  thedogs  ! 
at  bay.    A  sharp  little  two-year-old  colt  pranced  ; 
up  and  down,  and  struck  at  the  dogs  with   Ills 
fore  feet  if  they  came  too  near;  and  experience 
must  have  taught  them  to  keep  at  a  respectful 
distance.  

Silence. — .Speech  is  the  usual  mode  of  expi-ess- 
ing  our  thoughts,  but  silence  is  oftentimes  more 
powerful.  A  contemptous  silence  can  cut  deeper 
than  sharp  words.  An  observing  silence  may  be 
more  Inquisitive  than  questions;  Ciich  glance 
being  an  interrogation  |)oiiit.  In  argument,  a 
studied  silence  can  Imply  "Your  remark  is  so 
impertinent,  or  clilldisli,  I  need  not  answer  il. 
Its  absurdity  relutcs  itself."  One  may  express 
profound  admiration  silently.  A  grave  silence, 
too,  Is  often  the  most  keenly  felt  reproof. 


FIRE!  FIRE!  FIRE! 

StrawberrieB  j;rown  by  an  entire  nrw  proceHH, 
which  saveH  at  li^asi  9^5  per  rent,  of  the  laoor  and 
expense  of  cultivation  itnnunlly.  I'  HiMiroyM  In- 
HectM.  Weeds,  <«i'a8j*  Seedn.  etc.  Save-t  Ifiiniier 
euttins  and  rewettine  olteaer  than  once  in  eiclit 
yearw.  I  luivf  the  \»va*'>*\  uimI  licallhiesl  \iii«^  ni 
this  srriH.M,  ami  tin-  U.lal  ciisi  tii*  .■iiltiv:ili"ii  lia>i  h.-.'ii 
leHM  Ihaii  SI. Oil  per  iirre  litis  -.'asMn.  1  liavr  tor 
sal."  Mini.ir.'ds  aim  i  li.Kisai,ris  ..I  ST  U  A  \V  H  lOiC  K  \  , 
lil.ACK  AND  ltt:i>  KASPBKUUV  l'l,A>Ts. 
inv  own  )i,ri)\\m\^.  ail  warranted  pure  stock  and  No.  I  rlanU. 

I'he  ai)(tve  s\  slfiii  free  to  every  pni-rhiiMer  ol  >^'Z 
worth  of  plants;  to  olherH  %ll.  S.mi.1  lor  PrIce-LItt 
ol  plants  and  further  particulars. 

Z'fl.XIXS  I-iTTOIja., 

KMISHIM;,  CJKI<JKSEE«'OrNTY..>IK'lll<iAN. 


C7-  SEND   FOU    ILLrSTRATEK     PKHE-MNT.  .rj 

OF    THE    CELEBRATED 

m  STEEl  AND  CHILLED  PLOWS. 

Tlii-y  are  easily  nianat^tMl,  ami  wili  il.-ar  in   aiiv  -^i.il 
ILave  iron  or  wood  beams,  and  atraiglil  or  sUiiik  uullers. 
The  best  made  Plows  on  the  markel.     Aiients  wanted. 
Special   indueements  to  farmerH  introrimrint;  them. 
Address,     !S.  ADA.MS  *fc  SON,  Rome,  New  York. 


$1 


SAMFIjES 


to  eJtlier  Bex  sccklug  > 

£  $1  FREE. 


CTRAWBERRIES 


Aborft  the  cheapest  medicine  that  mortals  can 
use,  is  sleeii.  It  will  cure  restlessness,  irritabilit.v 
and  nervousness ;  will  often  cure  headache,  back- 
ache, toothache  and  heartache.  It  will  make 
heavy  burdens  .seem  light,  and  great  trials  small. 
A  good  sleep  is  often  the  turning  point  in  a  sick- 
ness, as  has  been  known  from  ver.v  earl,v  times. 
"  If  he  sleep,  he  shall  do  well."  Do  not  rob  your- 
self or  your  family  of  this  blessed  restorer.  "  "I'is 
that  way  madness  lies,"  or  a  general  breaking 
down  of  the  system,  which  makes  life  a  burden. 


O    And    thii  CHOICE  SMALL  FRUITS 

GREENHOUSE  AND  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

•SUK   Il.l,rSTRATKl>  < 'ATA  I.OCa  K,  KRKi;. 

rrn    i     Mil  I  CD    kidgewood  siL'KSEKrES, 
GEO.  L.  nilLLLn,     stockton,  ohio. 


FUKE.  Any  man  or  woman 

making  less  tliaii  %■'•»  a  week 

eliou'd  try  our  easy  moneynr'skinK  buslncsH. 

»3  "eyeKjpeiiprB"  free  to  eltlier  Bex  scckiug  s 
nennanenl  occupiition.  No 
boys.    Full  parlliiilnrs  I'or 
xuimp.  Donotf.lltosaid. 

11  .Merrill &  Co.,  Clilcago^ 

MX  K  I.IUIUO    llASl'ltKIt  K  Y,     I'OR  KEl'NIK 
U  l';l>.I!Lf>TER  PUOI.IFK'.  and  Oucheu  6rap«l. 

Scji.l    u.    tlie    originators    for    (lescri|ili(in    i.nd    lerrnn. 

A.  J.  CAYWOOD  &  SONS,  Marlboro,  New  York. 

tHinLARCEST 

A.M>  MOST    lIEAiriKl  I. 

EA.M-Y  PEAR- 

Itineiiiii"  ill  Ccnlral    New    York   earlt  l« 

Jul*  ;in.l  tells  at  higheil  prices,  ^^cml  'or 
lilslorvol  OriBinnl  Tree,  100  yrs.  old. 
«,)    HenilqunrterM    lor    KIKFfhK 

^a^E^i'    WILSON   .11  NIOK   IllncUberrie*. 
.1lA«CI>lfOKO    Baspberries,    and    l.KAPKft. 
WILLIAM    PARRY. J'»"y  P-  O-  ^e"   Jer«ey. 

Dofonr 
Own 

Printing 

Card  i  1  abel  PrcBS  S3-  bart't-r  sIzfR  %b  V .  *75. 
For  old  or  young.  Every  tldiie  easy  prtnu-d 
.lirectlons.  Sen<l  2stamp8forCaUilo|iue  or 
Prf.«8C8.Tvpe,Card3,  &r.  to  tlic  factory. 
KeUey  Jfc  Co.,  MerWen,  " — • 


Hid  in  the  Smoke.— We  may,  perhaps,  put  too 
fine  a  point  on  it  wlien  we  speak  of  the  atfection 
of  an  old  goose  for  a  horse  it  followed  all  about 
the  pasture,  day  after  day.  It  may  be  that  it  had 
an  eye  to  the  insects  the  horse  disturtied  in  graz- 
ing. Our  feathered  friends  often  show  great 
sagacity  in  looking  out  for  their  prey.  An  old 
hawk,  in  France,  used  to  hide  in  the  long  train  of 
bUiCk  smoke  coming  from  a  railroad  engine, 
knowing  that  the  small  birds  that  fly  up  at  the 
approach  ofa  train,  could  not  see  him  until  close 
upon  them,  and  so  they  fell  easily  into  his 
clutches. 


COMMON    FALLACIES. 


TOO  ALBUM  VERSES. 

'flii^  book  (Detains  700  Choice  <;elils  "I  I'oetrj  and 
Prose  snitaljle  for  writing  in  Aulourapli  Alljunis.  Some- 
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1.5  cents:  clolli.  .30  cents,  stamps  taken.  Adrtiesa 
J.S.  OGII.VIE  &  t!0.,  .31  Rose  St.,  New  York. 


TREES!    SHRUBS!    VINES! 

SMALL   FRUITS,  &c.,  &c., 

Our  New  Nursery  Catalogue,  one  of  ihe  finest  and  most 
complete,  sent  Free.    WM.  H.  MOON,  Morriaville,  Pa. 


GENUINE  VUELTA  ABAJA 

HAVANA  TOBACCO  SEED. 

ilnving  import*-*!  a  lot  of  trio-  sfcd  of  tliis  variety,  I 

otfer  sameat  10c.  per  packet.  -Vir,   p.o-  (.mice,  and  .^  per 

pound.      Free  by  mail.      Catalo^'ucs  upon   application. 

F.  E.  McAIi LISTER,  29  anil  31  rulloln  St..  H.  V. 


It  may  surprisfc  some  of  our  readers  to  be  told 
that  the  starch  of  bread  has  not  the  slightest 
nutritive  property.  Its  sole  office  is  a  beat-jiro- 
ducer,  and  just  like  the  coal  of  the  engine,  the 
starch  or  sugar  is  burnt  up  inside  us  to  licep  u)) 
the  temperature  of  themachine.  It  is  thegluten, 
the  sticky,  tenacious  matter  in  the  grain,  which 
is  the  nutritive,  flesh-forming  material,  but  In 
the  present  article  we  have  no  spttu;  to  follow  the 


APPLE  SEEDLINGS 

AND 

ROOT  GRAFTS, 


o 
o 
o 

o 

bartsest  st*»ckin  the  ITnited  st.d.  s    I'l  i.  .^^  (m  appli(^tion.  ]  ^^ 

Addrees,  B1,OOMIN«;ton   NlitSERT  CO.,        _JJ 

BLOOMINCTON,   ILLINOIS.^ 


3  Printing  Press; 


,  Conn. 


We  will  send  vou  a  watch  or  a  chain 
BY  51AILOKKitPKB98,  CO.  D..tobe 

examined  l.fforepa^ganymoney 
and  il  iK't  hatisfactory. returned  at 
ouiexpins.-.  We  manufaeture  all 
our  «'iit(li«'s  and  save  yon  vlO  per 
cent,    i  'nv.i]( •i:\ty  ni  ■-'Ml  styl'-s  fn.-e. 

PlTTSX^Lia.H,  FA. 


C  n  lieautlful  Motto  ai>-i 
,    OUVer^e  €AKI>»»witb 

iDann-,  IOC,  6  packa  and  Ring  N 

-^^^^_,     1,  or  epMrksand  Riu(f  No.  '.'fiUi-. 

TT^^^      12  packa  for    ^l.UO  and   Both 

■•No.  »•      KInes  Free  to  Bender  oe  club. 

riiisistbebestfoffer  ever  made  by  any  reliable 


>'o.  a. 


est  foHer  ever  maue   uy  ouy  .c.mu.B  ,_„-;--• 
ROTAIj  €AKI>   CO.,    NortMbrd,  Conn* 


"RANCOCAS" 

TllK  MOST  PRODUCTIVE,  HARDY,  EARI.Y 

RED    RASPBERRY 

GOOI»ai.AI-ITT.    FtNECOLOIt.    CAKKIES  WELI« 

A  GREAT  MARKET  BERRY. 

Slionldlicplantedbv  every  one.  Send  for  description  and 
tiTins.    W.  H.  MOON,  Co-Introducer,  MorrOtvlUe,  Fm. 


QsAGE  Qrange  Plants 


>i-Yenr-OI<l  at  lowrates  in 
and   upward.       .Msu  a  geiiei 


iniN  of  -jo.ooq 

ul    aKsoiInicnt  ol 


GRAPE    VINES,    SMALL.    FRUIT 
PLANTS,  FRUIT   TREES,  OR- 
NAMENTAL AND  SHADE. 


ctets  POLK  &  HYATT,  °°~^-^-^*' 


DEL. 


12 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


"V^ox..  rv.,  2>ro.  A^II- 


CONTENTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER. 

Page   1.— Banana  Plant— Farmers'  Home  Garden. 
.  Page  2.— The  Danger  of  Hasl^  Conclusions.    Too  Early 
PlaDting.    Mississippi,    Another  Cheap  Cis- 
tern. 
Page  3.— Employers  and  Employes.    Intepsive  Farm- 
ing. 
Have  an  Orchard  ? 

The  Winter  Killed  It.    Fruit 


Page  4. 
Page  5. 


-Hyde's  Keeper. 
"Notes. 
Page   6.— Our  Flower  Garden. 
Page  7.— Our  Flower  Garden  (contioued). 
Page   8.— Live  Stock. 
Page  9.— Broilers.     Feeding  Cooked  ;\raterial 


play  of  Market    Poultry.    How  Many  Eggs 
Will  a  Hen  Lay  ?    The  Best  Breeds  for  Cold 


A  Dis- 

.    i^gf 
The  Best  Breeds  for  Col 
Climates. 

Page  10.— Aunt  Hester's  Doctorinp.      Let  in  the  Sun- 
shine.   The  Greenwood  Tree, 

Page  11.— Odds  and  Ends. 

Page  12.— Editorial  Comment. 

Page  13.— Clippings. 

Page  14.— Correspondence. 

Page  1-5.— March  Wind. 

Page  16.— A  Collection. 


eDimOI^IALi    (©OMMBMIP. 


March.  Spring's  morning  beprins  to  dawn,  and 
iBUsheref'  in  with  tin*  jubilant  notesof  the  "Cock 
Bobin  "  ana  Ills  niati'S. 

Aft-er  a  long  spell  of  rest,  of  comparative  ease 
and  domestic  enjoyment,  the  farmer  Ih  now 
ready  to  cortimence  with  the  execution  of  the 
plans  so  carefully  studied  out  durint;  the  long 
evenings  and  blustery  days  of  the  winter  just 
gone  by. 

Having  resolved  to  grow  more  grain  and  fewer 
weeds,  he  makes  a  iKginning  by  careftiUy  clean- 
ing his  seed  grain. 

He  knows  tlial  it  is  better  to  change  grain, 
■wanted  for  seed,  with  a  neighbor,  wlio  is  known 
to  have  nice,  plump,  and  clean  seed,  at  a  sacritice, 
or  to  buy  good  seed  at  a  good  prl<'e,  than  to  use 
poor  seed  wliicli  lie  clianccs  to  iiavc  on  hand. 

He  selects  and  tests  his  seed  corn  and  garden 
Feeds. 

He  examines  his  tools  and  harness,  and  makes 
the  necessary  repairs. 

He  rinisties  drawing  logs  and  wtu>d,  suid  when 
the  lire-wood  is  all  sawed,  split,  and  corded  up, 
he  gctJ*  out  a  cord  or  so  of  kindiing  wood  ff.r  .is 
wife  or  hired  girl,  well  knowing,  that  the  *'  ^\oi;.cn 
folks"  on  the  farm  tlnd  enough  to  do  without 
having  to  hunt  all  over  the  place  for  material 
wherewith  to  kindle  the  tire  every  time  they 
want  to  get  tlinner  or  supper. 

He  profits  by  a  late  fall  of  snow  to  draw  manure 
and  otlier  things,  on  runners  instead  of  wheels. 

He  selects  the  finest  and  richest  manure  for  the 
garden,  and  puts  it  on  thick. 

He  cleans  his  cellar,  removes  rotten  apples  and 
■vegetables,  sorts  over  and  sprouts  potaioto, 
sprinkles  air-slacked  lime,  carbonate  or  chloride 
of  lime,  or  some  other  disinfectant  over  the  floor 
and  walls  and  bins. 

He  picks  up  around  the  back  door  and  removes 
everything  of  a  dul>ious  nature  or  suspicious 
ecent,  that  has  accumulal<jd  there  during  the 
winter. 

He  cleans  the  hen-house,  ditto  the  pig-pen,  and 
takes  the  manure  to  the  garden. 

He  tinishes  trimming  tlie  orcliard,  cuts  out  the 
old  raspberry  canes,  and  gives  trees  and  small 
fruits  a  liberal  dressing  of  manure. 

When  evt^rything  else  is  ready,  and  the  ground 
dry  enough  t«  crumble,  he  starts  the  plow,  but 
never  before. 


'*  Well  shaken   liefore  taken "  applies  with  a 
great  deal  of  force  to  the  compost  heap. 


This  scramble  after  success  and  prosperity  is 
like  hauling  produce  to  market  or  logs  to  the 
sawmill.  One  man  takes  the  aflvant^ge  of  a  nice 
body  of  snow  and  with  his  two  tons  upon  a  sleigh, 
draws  his  load  in  one  third  the  time  and  much 
easier  than  another,  who  goes  with  one  ton  upon 
the  wagon,  over  a  rough  and  hubby  road. 

Or  like  going  to  the  station  to  take  the  train. 
One  person  knows  the  right  time,  and  **  catches  " 
the  train.  Another  goes  it  hit-or-miss,  and  is 
behind  time. 

Our  readers  may  be  sure  that  the  amount  of  hard 
work  is  of  less  importance  than  doing  the  right 
thing  at  the  rifeht  time,  and  that  a  little  intelli- 
gence (brains)  often  outweighs  a  heap  of  bodily 
labor. 

We  do  not  believe  that  the  farmer  should  select 
the  roughest  road,  and  kill  himself  with  hard 
work;  and  it  is  always  our  aim  to  show  him 
easier  highways  or  short  cuts  to  success. 

If  hog  cholera,  as  now  generally  conceded,  is 
transferred  by  bacteria,  neither  care  in  feeding 
nor  clfcinliness  can  prevent  its  spread.  Bacteri- 
cides, such  as  carbolic  acid  or  chloride  of  lime, 


properly  diluted  and  brought  into  the  organism 
of  the  diseased  animal  (through  the  food),  will 
most  likely  prove  to  be  an  eflective  remedy. 

We  dislike  to  admit  that  the  primitive  methods 
of  raising  hogs,  so  prevalent  in  the  South,  cannot 
be  charged  with  even  a  share  of  the  blame  for  the 
destructiveness  of  the  hog  cholera  during  the 
past  season,  and  we  believe  that  the  root-hog-or- 
die  system,  should  yield  to  the  eat-and-g row-fat 
plan. 

Many  parts  of  the  South  are  admirably  adapted 
to  profitable  hog  raising.  But  the  consumer 
wants  meat,  not  merely  skin  and  liones,  though 
it  may  be  prudent  for  the  Virginian  to  have  hogs 
that  can  *'  outrun  the  nigger."  Hogs,  (rather 
fewer  in  number),  but  kept  clean,  well-fed  and 
fattened  with  good  corn  instead  of  filth,  will 
prove  much  more  satisfactory  and  more  protita- 
ble  to  all  concerned,  than  the  half-wild  stock  of 
to-day.  

Excessively  dry  weather  last  fall  has  prevented 
the  setting  of  a  great  many  trees  and  shrubs, 
particularly  in  the  Middle  and  .Southern  Atlantic 
States.  If  you  wish  to  plant  this  spring,  remem- 
ber that  it  is  well  to  do  so  early,  yet,  that  the 
time  of  setting  out  is  of  less  consequence  than 
doing  it  %vfll.  Trees  need  as  good  soil,  and  this  as 
well  prepared,  as  any  other  cmp. 

The  roots  of  trees  and  plants,  when  received 
from  the  nursery,  sh<mld  be  tiioroughly  soaked 
in  water  and  not  exposed  to  the  drying  influence 
of  sun  and  wind.  Prune  tlie  tops  severely,  par- 
ticularly in  the  case  of  peach  trees,  press  the  soli 
firmly  around  the  roots,  and  stake  every  tree 
which  is  top-heavy,  like  tall  apple  trees. 


We  cannot  too  strongly  urge  the  farmer  to 
annually  grow  a  few  peach,  pear,  and  apple  trees 
from  seed.  Some  grape  vines,  currants,  and 
gooseberry  bushes,  and  so  forth,  from  <'uttingK. 
Budding  and  grafting  is  soon  learned  by  practice, 
and  you  can  show  your  boy  how  to  do  It.  When 
you  (or  your  neighbor)  want  a  tree  or  two,  or 
something  of  that  sort,  you  know  where  to  find 
just  what  you  need. 

It  is  the  culmination  of  folly  to  presume  that  an 
acre  is  required  lor  tlie  purpose,  unless  you  wish 
to  supply  your  wiiole  town.  A  lew  .square  rods 
are  sufficient,  and  may  be  made  a  source  of  much 
pleasure,  instruction  and  profit;  for  "a  penny 
saved  is  a  penny  earned." 

in  one  of  our  exchanges  we  notice  some  reports 
on  egg-farnxing.  Several  parties  in  the  North- 
eastern States,  who  keep  from  I50to2tX)  herseach, 
figure  out  their  annual  net  profits  to  be  between 
Si.25  and  S"J.OO  for  each  hen.  But  when  they  state 
their  **  secret  of  success,"  the  matter  seems  to  be 
more  in  a.  muddle  than  ever.  One  attributes  suc- 
cess to  the  fact  that  he  feeds  nothing  but  soft 
food,  another  to  his  feeding  nothing  but  whole 
grain,  a  third,  to  a  warm  and  weather-proof  build- 
ing, while  a  fourth  thinks  that  thorough  ventilar 
Won,  alTorded  by  an  open  shed,  to  be  the  real 
secret  of  Ills  good  luck. 

We  have  experimented  with  less  than  half  the 
smaller  named  number  of  fowls,  but  with  results 
highly  satisfactory  to  us.  Our  hen  house  might 
l)e  greatly  improved,  it  is  true;  at  least  we  think 
that  our  lujis,  with  a  smaller  supply  of  ventila- 
tion, afforded  by  numerous  cracks,  would  have 
done  still  better.  As  it  is,  they  have  laid  well 
this  winter. 

The  secret  of  our  success  is  in  tlie  first  place — 
carli/-hatche(t  jnUleti;  next — stimulating  food  In 
judicious  (pumtity  ;  third— warmth  supplied  by  a 
cooked  break  fast  and  warm  drink  (milk  or  water). 

The  fact  that  our  old  hens,  which  are  only  one 
year  older  than  the  pullets,  have  laid  not  ncaiii/so 
ifftf  as  the  'lounger  stnrk,  warrants  us  in  laying 
particular  emphasis  on  "early-hatched  pullets'" 
for  winter  layers;  and  as  one  dozen  eggs  in  win- 
ter, is  as  good  jistwoinfthesummer,  or  nearly  so, 
the  profitableness  of  pullets  is  obvious. 

Early  liatelied  pullets,  however,  are  not  inseiv 
arable  from  failures.  Our  neighbor  has  pullets 
of  t  he  same  age  as  ours,  but  did  not  get  an  e^  in 
the  colder  part  of  the  winter. 

We  give  our  fowls  a  good,  warnx  breakfast  every 
morning,  often  seasoned  with  salt  and  Cayenne 
pepper,  warm  milk  or  water  to  drink,  a  suffi- 
ciency of  chopped  apples,  beets,  potatoes,  cab- 
bage, and  other  vegetables;  oaU^  in  the  hundie  and 
wheat  thrown  among  leaves  and  litter,  to  make 
them  scratch ;  an  abundau  e  of  meal,  bone,  lime, 
etc.;  and  for  supper,  a  dose  of  whole  corn,  often 
charred  on  the  cob. 

Hens  thus  treated,  are  compelled  to  lay,  whether 
they  wish  to  or  not.  We  advise  you  to  raise 
chickens  as  early  as  possible,  say  in  March  and 
April,  to  take  good  care  of  them  while  growing, 
and  you  will  have  fowls  beginning  to  lay  in  early 
fall.  

Luck  is  very  good,  but  pluck  is  better.  The 
former  cannot  always  be  depended  upon  ;  the  lat- 
ter helps  us  out  of  every  difficulty  without  fail. 
Farmers,  make  a  note  of  this  I 


Here  is  another  contribution  to  our  list  of  popu- 
lar errors.  Try  to  steer  dear  of  such  mistakes  as 
to  think  that  the  old  sheep  should  be  kept  over. 
That  old  hogs  are  more  profitable  than  thrifty 
growing  pigs.  That  old  steers  still  grow  into 
money.  That  old  hens  lay  better  than  earlv- 
hatched  pullets.  That  it  is  easier  to  "shoo"  the 
chickens  out  of  the  garden  all  summer  long,  than 
to  keep  them  out  by  a  good  picket-fence.  '  That 
you  will  repair  matters  at  once  by  getting  one 
or  more  settings  of  eggs  frf>m  your  neighbor 
whose  hens  laid  all  winter,  while  yours  did  not. 
That  it  was  more  due  to  the  "breed"  than  to 
the  "  feed."  That  it  is'too  much  trouble  to  raise 
what  berries  and  vegetables  your  family  wants- 
That  you  must  buy  a  new  buggy  for  your  boy,  or 
a  new  organ  for  your  daughter,  before  your  wife 
is  provided  with  clothes-wringer,  washing,  and 
sewing  machines.  That  you  and  your  family  can 
afitord  to  do  without  at  least  a  round  half-dozen 
of  good  papers  and  magazines,  agricultural  and 
otherwise.  That  the  trash,  known  as  story 
papers  (Family  Heralds,  etc.),  and  cheap  novels 
are  not  worth  one  penny  a  ream,  ^^Y  fit  reading  for 
either  old  or  young.  That  wool  will  not  recover 
its  former  firm  stand  in  the  market,  unless  the 
tariff' is  doctored.  That  wheat  will  always  be  as 
low  as  it  is  now.  That  a  fat  law  suit  is  belterthan, 
a  lean  settlement.  That  <iuarrelling  farmer's 
boys,  when  they  bring  their  troubles  and  fracas 
into  c<)nrt,  do  not  cut  a  deplorably  sorry  figure. 
That  all  well-water  is  wholesome  because  it  looks 
clear.  That  rotting  potatoes  in  the  cellar  do  not 
endanger  the  health  of  the  people  living  in  the 
room  above.  That  horses  should  be  over-worked, 
ill-fed  and  ill-treated,  merely  because  they  are 
old  and  not  worth  much. 

[N.  H.— If  you  have  a  neighbor,  who  cruelly  mis- 
uses his  poor  old  teams,  by  all  means  report  him 
to  Bergh's  agent,  or  give  him  a  sound  tl'./ashing, 
which  he  richly  deserves]. 


What  this  country,  and  particularly  the  South- 
ern part  of  it.  needs,  is  more  wind-milU  to  pump 
dean  water  for  stock.  au<l  fewer  stagnant  pools^ 
(We  do  not  like  to  drink  milk,  manufactured  out 
of  thick,  slimy  mud.  which  had  served  as  a  place 
for  the  hogs  to  wallow  in.  as  we  have  seen  it  dur- 
ing last  summer's  drouth.) 


When  we  read  so  many  recipes  for  cakes  and 
sweetmeats,  calling  for  eight,  ten  or  twelve  eggs 
each,  we  feel  dyspeptic  at  once.  The  farmer 
deserves  a  gtKHl  table.  Set  that  down  as  a  fact. 
He  should  have  the  best  bread;  nice,  mealy  pota- 
toes; good  meat,  fish,  poultry,  eggs;  every  kind 
of  vegetable  in  its  season,  and  an  aljundant  sup- 
ply of  the  choii-est  fruits. 

Eggs  are  much  more  wholesome  alone,  and 
more  palatable,  too.  than  in  rich  piistry.  pies, 
and  nic-nacs.  Times  are  iiard.  Eggs  are  high. 
Hconomize  in  the  composition  of  dyspepsia  food. 


And  still  we  find  the  "four  per  cent,  loan  "  ad- 
vertisements, and  others  of  the  same  fraudulent 
stamp,  in  some  of  our  Agricultural  contempor- 
aries. The  Ohio  Fmmfr  gives^a  quarter  page  of 
space  to  the  lotterj  scliemes  of  the  "  Farming 
World,"  of  Chica^Oj  merely  because  "they  are 
willing  to  pay  for  it.  ' 

Sucli  advertisements  leave  a  stain  on  your 
pages,  brethren,  that  can  neither  be  covered  up 
by  the  rose-tint  of  the  "Farmers  Ouide."  nor 
wiped  out  by  editorial  notices  of  t  he  Ohio  Fnrmery 
to  the  effV'ct,  that  those  fools  who  will  be  taken  in 
by  these  ad's,  deserve  to  be  swindled  and  should 
blame  none  but  themselves.  Shame  on  yout 
Physic  is  what  you  need  ! 


The  workman  is  known  by  his  chips,  the  thrifty 

farmer  by  his  wood  pile,  but  without  chips.    H« 
saws  his  wood  ;  does  not  chop  it  with  the  axe. 


Every  farmer  should  have  a  separate  small 
yard,  near  the  house,  for  the  little  chickens  while 
they  run  with  their  mothers.  Get  out  some  stuff 
for  fences  and  coops  now. 


We  would  say  to  our  friends  that  you  will  all 
get  the  premiums  and  pai>ers  in  due  season.  We 
are  as  anxious  for  you  to  get  them  at  once,  as  you 
are;  but  sometimes  the  mails  are  slow,  but  are 
pretty  sure  to  arrive  at  last.  We  sliall  send  all 
the  premiums  and  the  papers,  for  we  want  you  to 
have  them  and  read  The  Fakm  and  Garden 
regularly.    We  want  you  to  have  every  number. 


We  shall  send  the  potato  bulb  and  rose  and 
quince  premiums  as  soon  as  the  spring  is  ad- 
vanced far  enough  to  send  safely.  We  want  our 
premiums  to  reach  our  subscribers  in  gCMid  order* 
and  will  send  them  as  soon  as  safe  to  do  so.  ■ 


The  "Farm  and  Garden^'  rOes  slow  on  new 
things  until  after  it  has  tried  them.  Never  diS' 
cards  a  good  thing  became  it  w  old.  Neeer  rec 
ommends  a  poor  thing  new  or  old.  That's  the 
way  we  do  and  our  readers  like  it. 


THE  FARM   AND  GARDEN. 


'3 


Clippings. 


J2  is  our  desire  to  make  these  so  f\iH  and  varied  that  every 

reader  of  the  Farm  and  Garden,  even  though  he  takes 

Jio  other  paper  can/eel  in  a  measure  acquainted 

with  all  the  leading  pnblicatUms. 


JYom  *'  CJanh'iitrs'  Monfhlij."  Philaihfphiit, 

BLACK     WALNUT     CULTURE. 

Mr.  Graves,  of  Texas,  ten  yeaiw  iigo  planted  ten  acres 
to  walnut  trees,  bj'  hand,  two  hundred  to  tlie  acre,  in  all 
two  thousand  trees.  The  lre«?s  are  now  nine  inches 
through,  and  grow  at  the  rate  of  an  inch  a  j'ear,  and 
when  twenty  years  old  they  will  be  worth  ?25  a  tree, 
making  the  forest  worth  at  that  time  §.50,000.  But  this  is 
not  all.  Last  year  the  trees  bore  400  bushels  of  walnuts, 
Vvhicli  brought  ^^..50  per  bushel,  making  $1000  for  the  ten 
ftcres  of  land— good  interest  for  land  worth  $16  per  acre. 
If  at  tlie  age  of  twenty  years  half  of  the  trees  are  cui 
and  sold  for  §25  a  tree,  or  $25,000,  the  nuiS  per  year  from 
the  remaining  1000  trees  will  be  worth  $2500  a  year. 


In  reply  to  the  query  "What  quantity  of  milk  should 
a  cow  give  to  be  considered  profitable?"  a  well-known 
dairyman  answers  4500  pounds— 2800  pounds  for  the  first 
100  days,  lOOO  pounds  in  the  100  days  following,  and  700 
pounds  between  the  completion  and  that  time  and  dry- 
ing off.  Professor  Brown,  of  Canada,  m  reply  to  a 
similar  question,  puts  tlie  figures  at  4000  pounds  for  200 
days,  and  as  much  as  i>ossible  in  the  subsequent  I(>5days, 
and  that  every  100  pounds  of  milk  should  make  three 
and  one-half  pounds  of  butter.  Leaving  out  of  con- 
fiideration  the  performances  of  phenomenal  cows, 
accurate  records  are  at  hand  of  native  cows  with  records 
of  from  6500  to  .HOOO  pounds  in  the  season,  which  shows 
that  a  steady  advance  is  being  made  in  the  yield  of 
cows.  The  improvement  is  very  slow,  and  will  continue 
to  be  until  farmers  raise  their  best  cows  and  heifer 
calves  from  iheir  best  cows,  and  have  the  sire  with  a 
mother  of  milking  strains  to  more  perfectly  establish 
the  niilking  habit. 


Fro^n"  Tribii 


and  Fanner,"  X'lr  York, 
BCD  MAKING. 


As  I  was  making  the  beds  to-night,  I  thought  Cperhaps 
trying  to  excuse  myself  for  being  such  an  indolent  cham- 
bermaidi  how  much  better  it  is  to  make  them  even  at 
this  late  hour  then,  as  some  i)ersons  do,  the  first  thing 
after  rising;  for  now,  at  least  the  sheets,  etc.,  are  tlior- 
oughly  aired.  It  is  quite  common  among  thrifty  house- 
wives, or  among  those  who  wish  to  have  all  their  work 
"done  up"  at  an  early  hour,  to  make  their  beds  quite 
early;  as  soon,  in  fact,  as  they  are  vacated,  taking  the 
clothes  and  putting  them  on  in  great  hasle  without 
raising  the  windows  or  exposing  them  to  the  air. 

We  know  that  a  process  called  insensible  iierspiratinn 
is  all  the  time  going  en  in  our  systems,  and  that  our  gar- 
ments are  jjermeated  by  it  and  need  to  be  often  changed 
andexposed  to  the  purifyniginfluenceof  the  atmosphere 
to  render  them  healthful;  and  I  believe  that  in  one  of 
the  articles  of  the  Tribune  and  Farmer  it  was  recom- 
mended that  all  the  garments  worn  during  the  day 
should  be  removed  and  others  substituted,  and  that 
none  worn  through  the  night  should  be  worn  during  the 
day.  At  least  it  is  an  excellent  practice;  and  it  is  Just 
as  necessary  that  the  sheets,  pillows,  etc.,  of  our  beds 
should  be  exposed  ti>  the  air;  but  in  ct)ld  weather  we  are 
apt  to  forget  it,  and,  as  I  have  heard  old  ladies  say 
"run  and  make  them  while  they  are  warm."'  But  we 
should  raise  the  windows,  remove  the  clothes  and  ex- 
pose them  and  the  bed  to  a  current  of  fresh  air  until 
the  impurities  shall  have  been  removed  by  the  purify- 
ing influence  of  the  atmosphere  and  the  room  filled  witli 
pure  air;  Inasmuch  as  health  is  more  important  than  to 
have  the  beds  made  early. 


Pleiisi'  I'eail  the  Preniiuin  Oiler  oti  past^  1. 


From  "  The  Canadian  Breeder." 

DR.  JOHN   VOELCKER    ON    ENSILAGE. 


At  the  recent  meeting  (if  the  Maidstone  Farmers' 
Club,  Dr.  John  Voelcker  delivered  a  lecture  on  Ensilage. 

After  treating  the  subject  very  exhaustively  in  its 
various  aspects,  the  lecturer  continued:— By  way  of  a 
brief  summary  I  would  say  that  ensilage  is  a  verj-  good 
food,  but  that  iodder  is  improved  in  quality  or  value  by 
the  process  I  hold  is  not  and  cannot  be  the  case;  and 
whether  it  will  pay  or  otherwise  to  make  silage  in 
place  of  hay  will  depend,  not  upon  the  value  of  the 
changes  produced  in  the  fodder,  but  upon  external  cir- 
cumstances, such  as  the  prevalence  of  bad  weather, 
which  prevents  good  hay  being  made,  or  the  absence  of 
sufficient  food,  such  as  roots,  for  winter  feeding.  In 
some  parts  of  England,  for  instance,  the  weather  is  so 
uncertain  that  it  is  quite  impossible  to  make  aftermath 
into  haj-,  and  in  other  parts  again,  on  heavy  clay  lands, 
roots  cannot  be  got  to  grow  well,  and  there  is,  in  conse- 
quence, no  food  for  wititer  keep.  In  such  cases  ensilage 
will  prove  a  valuable  substitute  and  way  out  of  the 
difflculty,  and  in  thi  case  of  continued  bad  weather  good 


ensilage  will  always  prove  better  than  bad  hay.  When, 
however,  good  hay  can  be  made,  I  believe  the  farmer 
will  always  make  it.  and  rightly  so,  for  it  does  not 
undergo  the  loss  consequent  upon  ensilaging,  nor  involve 
the  cost  of  erection  of  special  constructions  to  hold  it. 
Lastly,  it  must  be  remembered  that,  even  if  coarse  grass 
may  be  rendered  softer  and  more  digestible  by  ensilage, 
this  can  never  put  into  it  valuable  feeding  constituents 
which  it  did  not  originally  possess.  On  the  relative  cost 
of  harvesting  hay  and  making  silage  experience  is  very 
varied,  for  while  the  former  involves  the  expense  of 
making  the  hay.  it  must  he  remembered  that  in  ensilage 
the  cost  of  carting  the  immensely  larger  bulk  of  wet 
grass,  etc.,  and  of  subsequently  storing  it  is  very  greatly 
increased,  much  lime  is  occupied,  and  a  larger  staff  of 
han<ls  required  for  the  work.  Where  the  number  of 
laborers  is  limited,  the  simple  carrying  and  filling  would 
he  such  as  to  necessitate  for  the  time  the  stoppage  of  all 
other  farm  work,  and  if,  as  Mr.  Henry  Woods  tells  us, 
we  should  readily  grow  from  thirty-five  to  fifty  tons  of 
maize  to  the  acre,  the  mere  work  of  cutting,  carrying, 
and  storing  this  would  be  enough  to  strain  the  utmost 
resources  of  the  average  farmer.  Thedifference  cannot 
be  too  strongly  borne  in  mind,  that  in  hay,  a  crop  is 
being  carried  which  is  practically  all  dry  and  useful 
feeding  material.  In  fodder  for  silage  we  are  carting 
eighty  or  more  per  cent,  of  water,  which  has  absolutely 
no  worth  whatever;  then  not  only  do  we  cart  this  water 
but  we  store  it  also. 


From  *' Pamphlet  on  Potatoes,  issued  by  Mapes  Ibrrmt^ei  ond 
Peruvian  iritano  Go.  N.  K" 

MANURES. 

Any  soluble  salt  or  fertilizer,  like  nitrate  of  soda, 
sulphates  of  ammonia,  potash  salts,  kainit,  acid,  phos- 
phates, plain  super-phosphates,  etc..  when  incorporated 
in  the  soil,  acts  as  a  solvent  on  all  the  plant-fuod  in  the 
soil,  and  indirectly  supplies  the  crop,  to  the  extent  of  the 
resources  of  the  land,  with  all  the  remaining  elements  of 
plant-food  which  the  fertilizer  applied  fails  to  contain. 
It  exhausts  the  soil  of  everything  except  of  those  ele- 
ments which  it  supplies  from  itso»ii  i^esour-ces.  While 
the  result  for  a  season  or  two.  from  such  a  partial  ferti- 
lizer, particularly  on  a  strong  soil,  may  be  apparently 
satisfactory,  yet,  all  the  time  the  soil  i??beingexhausted. 
There  is  only  a  limited  amount  of  plant-food  in  the  soil 
in  condition  to  yield  to  the  solvent  action  even  of  such 
soluble  salts  as  above  named.  If  the  process  could  be 
kept  up  indefinitely  it  would  be  very  different.  To 
restore  ihe  land  when  it  has  been  made  "sick,"  or 
exliausted,  by  stimulating  fertilizers,  is  one  of  the  hard- 
est and  most  expensive  processes  in  farming. 

It  will  thus  be  readily  seen  how  fertilizers  have  come 
to  be  looked  upon  by  most  farmers  as  mere  "stimulants," 
"make-shifts,"  "good  to  start  the  crop  with,"  whereas, 
these  same  farmers  are  always  ready  to  admit  the  ster- 
ling manurial  value  and  lasting  eft'ects  of  pure  bone  and 
unleacbed  wood-ashes.  Now,  these  materials,  excellent 
as  they  are,  are  just  as  much  artificial  or  concentrated 
fertilizers  as  any  properly-made  commercial  manure. 
The  oidy  difference  being  thai  while  hone  and  wood-ashes 
(unleuchedi  Ibrm  a  verj'  tuir  complete  manure,  supply- 
ing some  of  all  three  of  the  leading  plant  food  elements 
—nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash— many  of  the 
fertilizers  sold  are  nothing  but  acid  phosphate  with 
small  proportion  of  nitrogen  and  enough  kainit  added  to 
Justify  them  in  claiming  the  name  of  complete  manure. 
A  complete  manure,  a  manure  complete  in  a  practical 
sense,  one  supplying  all  the  leading  plant-food  elements 
in  full  proportions  necessary  to  meet  the  reqinrements 
of  the  crop  on  average  soils  and  in  the  best  and  varied 
forms- as  found  in  srable  manure- <"«;)  lu  rtr  f  xfmust  the 
soil,  but  on  the  contrary,  with  the  exception  of  some 
waste  of  unused  nitrogen,  all  the  plant-food  incredients, 
notably  phosphoric  acid  and  potash,  will  last  thirty  year 
and  more;  will,  in  fact,  last  indefinitely,  until  used  up  by 
luiure  ciops. 


by  hooks  which  hang  in  the  box.  I  do  not  like  this. 
Why?  Well,  because  such  a  seat,  though  springy  and 
easy-riding  is  attached  to  the  box  in  such  a  way  that  the 
weight  of  two  or  three  persons  in  it  gives  it  a  swaying 
motion  which  racks  the  box,  and  soon  splits  it.  The 
best  seat  is  one  with  springs,  like  those  on  buggies, 
under  them.  A  seat  with  these  springs  can  be  removed 
in  a  moment.  The  other  seat  cannot  be  easily  removed, 
and  two  persons'  help  is  necessary  to  make  thp  work  at 
all  easy.  The  seat  with  springs  under  it  is  not  in  the 
way,  as  the  ■  one  with  spring  bars  is,  and  is  not  as 
likely  to  break  down. 

Have  yon  side  boards  to  use  on  the  box  in  harvest 
time?  You  ought  to  have.  You  can  make  them  your, 
self.  The  blacksmith  can  put  irons  on  the  box  in  which 
to  slip  the  strips  at  the  end  and  middle  of  the  side 
boards.  With  them  it  will  be  easy  to  pile  on  and  draw 
a  much  bulkier  load  than  you  could  without  them,  for 
without  them  your  load  would  be  in  danger  of  losing  a 
I)art  of  itself  on  rough  roads,  or  when  driving  fast. 

Of  course  you  want  your  wagon  to  look  well?  Then 
you  must  have  a  shed  for  it,  and  keep  it  housed  from. 
storms  and  the  hot  sun.  If  it  gets  wet,  as  soon  as  dry, 
give  all  the  wheels  a  good  wash  of  thin  oil  about  the 
hubs  and  spokes,  to  prevent  the  next  rain  from  soaking 
in.  Oil  the  axles  frequently,  and  always  use  a  good 
lubricant.  Poor  axle  grease  should  always  be  avoided. 
It  damages  the  wagon,  for  it  is  of  no  benefit,  and  the  use 
of  it  leads  the  farmer  to  think  that  he  is  properly- 
oaring  for  the  wagon's  welfare,  and  the  first  he  knows 
the  axles  are  worn  and  cut  with  friction.  Get  something 
you  know  to  be  good,  or  use  tallow  or  lard,  applying  it 
as  often  as  you  think  necessary.  Never  let  the  axlea 
get  gummed  over  with  sticky  substances. 


From  "  Country  QentlfTnan,"  Albany,  y.  Y. 

MISTAKES   IN  TREE   PLANTING. 


FJxii  E.  Rexford  in  *'  ^Vrafern  Ploivman,''  S\foliiir,  }l(. 
THE    FARM    W.'.GON. 


You  have  got  a  new  wagon,  '.laveyou'.'  I  an.  glad  of  it. 
for  farmers,  like  most  other  persons,  like  to  have  new 
things  around  them,  and  especially  so  if  the  new  is 
better  than  the  old.  Let  u;.  look  at  the  matter.  The 
box  is  a  stout  one;  hut  there  should  be  an  addition  made 
to  it  not  only  asastrengihener.but  as  a  means  of  preser- 
vation, therefore  what  I  suggest  is  directly  in  the  line  of 
ecfuiomy,  for  whatever  makes  a  machine  last  longer 
saves  money  for  you.  Get  a  strip  of  heavy  band-iron  as 
wide  as  the  box  boards  are  thii-k,  and  have  holes  drilled 
in  it  about  six  inches  aiiart.  Then  screw  it  to  the  upper 
edges  of  the  box  all  around.  It  jdu  don't  do  this  your 
box  will  soon  he  marred  and  brokiMi  into  on  the  edges 
by  heavy  articles  like  boards,  pieces  of  timber,  or 
machinery  which  may  be  loaded  into  the  wagon.  With 
thisstri))  on  a  box  the  edges  camut  be  easily  injured. 
It  will  cost  a  few  shillings,  hut  it  will  make  your  box 
more  durable,  and  you  will  find  it  a  paying  investment. 

What  kind  of  a  seat  has  tlie  wagon?  Oh,  the  o:a- 
fashioned  spring-seat  in  which  the  springs  are  long 
strips  of  hard  wood,  which  fasten  under  the  box  toward 
the  rear  of  it,  by  a  rod  running  across,  and  are  held  up 


Inexperienced  orchardists  who  purchase  their  trees  at 
nurseries  and  pay  good  prices  for  them,  in  their  desire 
to  get  their  money's  worth,  prefer  large,  handsome 
specimens.  These  are  set  out  with  the  full  spread  of 
their  ample  heads,  without  further  care.  The  owner 
has  not  particularly  observed  how  much  of  the  roots 
have  been  taken  up  in  digging  them ;  or  remembered  or 
known  the  fact  that  nurserymen  cannot  secure  more 
than  a  small  portion  of  the  roots  belonging  to  "gocwi- 
sized  trees."  A  long  time  is  required  for  them  tore- 
cover  from  the  check  thus  given  them.  With  smaller 
trees  a  much  larger  proportion  of  the  roots  may  be 
easily  taken,  and  very  little  check  occasioned  in  their 
subsequent  growth.  Buying  these  large  trees  instead  of 
small  and  thrifty  ones  is  the  first  mistake. 

The  next  error  is  in  leaving  the  large  trees  with  their 
short  roots  to  hold  them  firmly  without  support,  and  th« 
wind  sways  them  about,  forming  a  hole  in  the  soil  about 
the  stems,  admitting  drying  air,  and  injuring  or  killing 
them.  Proper  staking  would  prevent  this  harm;  but 
selecting  small  trees  with  their  ample  roots  would  en, 
tirely  obviate  staking.  The  second  error  is  the  omissior 
of  this  care. 

But  a  greater  mistake  is  in  planting  the  large  tree* 
with  their  full,  branching  heads  entire.  The  wind  ha» 
amjile  purchase  on  them,  they  have  more  leaves  than 
than  the  roots  can  properly  feed,  and  they  are  accord- 
ingly stunted  in  growth.  This  iiarm  would  be  avoided 
by  cutting  back  three-fourths  or  more  of  all  the  previous 
J  ear's  growth  before  the  buds  swell.  Trees  set  out  side 
by  side  for  experiment,  a  part  of  them  unpruned,  and 
another  portion  shortened  back,  have  shown  a  striking 
result;  tlie  latter  sending  out  new  growth  half  a  foot  or 
a  foot  in  length  the  first  year,  and  the  former  only  an 
inch  or  two.  The  omission  of  cutting  back  is  the  third 
error. 

The  greatest  mistake  of  all  is  in  giving  the  young  trees 
no  cultivation;  allowing  the  soil  to  become  hard  and 
crusted,  or  covered  with  weeds  and  grass.  Some  kinds 
of  trees  feel  this  neglect  more  than  others— peaches  the 
most,  cherry  trees  the  least;  but  with  all,  thl.=  neglect 
is  highly  detrimental.  Many  young  and  newly-set  trees 
die  in  consequence,  and  those  which  survive  ma^-Krow 
two  or  three  inches,  while  a  wide  surface  of  well-mel- 
lowed and  clear  ground  will  often  cause  the  trees  to 
make  two  or  three  feet  of  growth,  if  In  connection  with 
other  good  treatment 

We  could  cite  numerous  instances  proving  the  truth 
of  the  preceding  positions.  The  late  Br.  Kennicott  once 
informed  us  that  in  purchasing  trees  for  customers,  he 
always  succeeded  best  with  those  of  second  or  third 
quality  in  appearance  uml  size,  and  at  low  prices,  be- 
cause he  could  easily  induce  purchasers  to  head  them 
back  freely,  but  they  could  not  he  persuaded  to  spoil  the 
large,  handsome  heads  of  the  high-priced  trees  by  prun- 
ing. The  smaller  ones  had'  of  course,  the  bettei-  roots, 
as  they  were  nfloi-e  easily  taken  up.  We  have  seen  a 
young  and  newly-set  peach  orchard,  one  portion  of 
which  was  neglected  and  the  other  well  cultivated  in 
potatoes,  none  of  the  latter  of  which  grew  less  than  a 
foot  and  a  half,  and  some  nearly  twice  as  much  the  first 
summer,  while  none  of  the  former  made  shoots  three 
inches  long.  A  writer  in  the  Pi-actiral  Furmer  mentions 
several  instances  where  quite  small  trees  were  trans- 
planted in  the  same  orchards,  along  with  fine,  six-foot 
trees,  but  in  every  case  the  former  outgrew  and  outhore 
the  latter  in  the  course  of  a  few  years. 


14 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


©0I^r?BSP0NDBN6B. 


MORE    ABOUT    FLORIDA. 

By  W.  C.  Steele,  Stri(::erkind,  Florida. 

When  I  otfered  in  the  January  number  to 
answer  questions  about  Florida  I  little  thought 
what  I  was  Viringing  upon  myself.  1  have  re- 
ceived over  120  letters  of  inquiry  from  twenty- 
five  States  and  Territories,  and  still  they  come 
two  or  three  per  day.  The  sulijeet  seems  to  be 
«ne  of  such  general  interest  that  I  will  make  a 
few  stat^'inents  that  will  answer  many  inquiries. 
In  the  F'ARM  and  Oakden  for  September  and 
October,  1KS4, 1  gave  my  views  upon  market  gar- 
dening in  this  State.  I  cannot  as  yet  add  much  to 
■what  1  then  saifi.  This  noighborliood  is  as 
healthy  as  any  part  of  the  United  States  with 
which  I  am  acquainted,  and  I  have  lived  in  four 
different  Northern  States.  We  have  some  sick- 
ness; I  have  never  found  a  place  yet  where  doc- 
tors and  undertakers  were  not  needed.  But  we 
have  less  real  si(^kuess  here  in  proportion  to  the 
population  than  in  Indiana,  Now  York,  or  New 
Jersey. 

Our  summers  are  long  and  hot,  beginning  in 
March,  and  lasting  until  November.  But  we 
never  have  thcHultry,  oppressive  hot  weather  so 
•ommon  at  the  North  in  July  and  August.  Sun- 
Btroke  is  unknown.  It  is  always  comfortable  in 
the  shade,  the  nights  are  always  comfortable, 
and  usually  rather  cool.  We  have  some  mosqui- 
toes and  llies,  but  not  enough  to  be  a  serious 
annoyance — iu»t  so  bad  as  I  have  often  seen  them 
North.  Northern  white  men  work  out'Of-doors 
every  day  through  tin*  Fumnier,  and  many  of 
them  all  day  long,  but  as  a  rule  they  rest  three 
or  four  hours  in  the  middle  of  the  hottest  days. 
"We  cannot  grow  cfirn  profitably,  the  crop  o«ly 
averages  from  li-n  !o  twenty  bushels  per  acre, 
and  is  seldom  {ilaiite<1.  It  pays  better  to  grow 
eoraothing  else  and  buy  our  corn.  There  is  no 
grain  grown  here  in  any  quantity  except  rice. 
We  can  grow  jilenly  of  gras«  for  feed,  such  as 
Johnson  grass,  (hiinea  grass,  Millo  Jlr.ize,  Millet, 
Ac,  but  timothy  and  ciov»'r  do  not  do  well,  and 
are  seldom  tried.  Orange  trees  begin  to  bear  in 
from  six  to  ten  years  from  the  seed.  All  the  soils 
that  I  have  seen  in  Florida  are  sandy  or  muck,  the 
former  all  need  fertilizing  to  produce  good  crops, 
but  when  projH'rly  enriehed  and  cultivated  It 
yields  very  profitably.  Wliilc  waiting  for  a 
grove  to  bear,  a  living  can  be  mad*- by  growing 
vegetables  an<i  strawlM-rrles  for  market.  Poultry 
is  also  profitable,  and  right  liere  I  will  say  that 
Joseph  has  taken  the  wind  all  out  of  my  sails. 
IlnU^nih'd  to  wrlt<'  a  letter  <»n  that  very 
subject,  but  ho  hat;  so  nearly  (roverid  *iie  ground 
that  there  Is  llttlf  l(»fl  for  nie  to  say.  I  will  say, 
however,  that  I  iM-lleve  a  ll»M-k  of  hens  in  an 
orange  grove  will  pay  for  their  feed  and  the  labor 
of  caring  for  tbiiu,  even  if  you  do  not  get  an  egg, 
nor  raise  a  ebleken.  If  the  grove  is  divided  into 
yards,  so  as  t<>  prevent  too  great  crowding,  they 
will  keej)  down  all  weeds,  and  their  droppings 
will  enrich  the  soil  to  siurh  an  extent  that  very 
little  other  fertiii/.i'r  will  l>e  needed. 

I  believe  this  State  is  as  good  a  jdaee  for  a  poor 
man  a«  any  In  the  I  nited  States.  Less  labor  is 
necessary  to  supi)ort  life  here  than  In  the  North. ' 
Groceries  and  provisions  are  as  cheap  as  in  most 
parts  of  the  United  States,  Bo  also  is  clothing,  and 
Tory  much  less  of  the  latter  is  required. 

Hereafter  I  must  request  that  those  who  wish 
ftirther  intorniation  shall  writt^  out  their  ques- 
tions and  leave  one  t»r  more  lines  blank  for  the 
answer,  and  l>o  sure  to  enclose  a  stami>ed 
envelope.  

Fakm  and  Gakdkx,  Good  Friend  :— Some  one 
was  kind  eiiough  to  send  nve  a  copy  of  you  for 
January,  with  which  I  was  inort  than  plc;u^cd. 
In  perusing  your  pages,  1  came  across  "Odds  and 
Knds"  departn»ent ;  and  therein  the  allusion  tn 
the  circular  saw,  and  its  introduction  into  Eng- 
land in  17{*(»,  but  its  inventor  being  unknown. 

The  circular-saw  was  invented  by  a  member  of 
the  Shaker  ('ommunity,  at  IM<mntI-/ebanon,  New 
York,— his  name  I  cannot  now  recall,  but  easily 
obtained— in  the  year  ITS-'j.  The  original  instru- 
ment wivs  depr>sited,  by  one  of  the  members  of 
above  society,  in  the  Archives  of  the  New  York 
Agricultural  Stwiety,  Albaivy,  New  York,  about 
the  year  1H.54,  and  can  be  seen  there  now.  The 
Shakers,  at  the  time,  dct^lined,  from  religious 
motives,  to  take  out  a  patent,  although  they 
were  famous  for  inventions,  among  whi^^h  might 
be  named  eut  nails,  metal  pens ;  these  were  first 
made  of  silver-|»late.  Babbitt  metal,  etc.,  etc. 

I  hope  somebody  will  be  so  good  agaiii  as  to 
»nd  another  copy  of  the  pretty  Farm  and 
6abi>hn. 

^G.  A.  LOMAS. 

"Willie  writing  up  frauds  we  received  a  letter 
tmra  An  Iowa  friend,  who  was  swindled  out  of 
ff.50by  the  magazii.e  lott-ry  swindle  which  we 
«)xp<»ed  some  Urn  •/ ago.    We  arc  glad  to  say  our 


Iowa  friend  saw  the  exposure  but  did  not  find 
the  advertisement  in  The  Farm  and  Garden. 
We  will  not  insert  a  fraud  on  our  readers.  We 
rather  would  exposethem.  Pass  along  the  frauds 
to  us,  gentlemen,  we  will  attend  to  t*iem. 

W.W.  J.,  Ilarrisburg,  Pa.,  asks  about  gooseber- 
ries. We  cheerfully  answer.  The  Interest  taken 
in  gooseberries  is  increasing,  and  there  are  many 
new  kinds  now  claiming  public  favor. 


M'e  would  ask  our  friends  who  are  now  taking 
Thk  P'arm  and  Garden,  when  they  renew  to 
send  us  all  the  items  of  interest  they  can,  or  any 
suggestions  how  we  can  make  Tiik  Farm  and 
Garden  of  more  value  to  tliem.  We  want  to  do 
well  by  our  friends,  and  hope  they  will  do  well  by 
us.    We  always  aijpreciate  their  favors. 


Mrs.  E.  R,  Southwick,  Belvidere,  N.  J.,  asks  how 
to  take  the  lime  taste  out  of  a  new  cistern? 
Answer:  If  good  cement  has  been  used  there 
should  be  noTime  taste.  If  there  is,  draw  all  the 
water  from  the  cistern  and  see  if  the  sides  are 
cemented  hard,  if  not,  apply  a  coat  of  pure  cement 
as  was  given  in  our  article  on  cisterns  in  Febru- 
ary number.  Pure  cement  leaves  Tio  lime  taste 
to  water.  

L.  Parkhurst,  Rapid  City,  Bakota,  ;isks,  l.-How 
to  make  pre}iare(l  gyjisinn  for  whitewashing. 
2.-('an  a  market  be  found  for  gypsum  of  whieh  he 
has  thousands  of  tons,  .i.-how  to  make  water 
lime.  Answer:  The  manufacture  of  prepared 
gypsum  is  a  trade  seeri-t.  2.-Gyi)sum  is  so  cheap, 
from  ftmr  to  eight  d(»Ilais  per  ton  when  ground 
ready  for  use,  you  <'ould  not  make  it  pay  you. 
;>.-Water  cement  is  a  jK-culiar  kind  of  m:tgnesia 
limestone,  very  impure,  and  is  the  roek,  which, 
mIhmi  ground,  makes  the  cemen*.  The  ro*-k  is 
found  native,  and  cannot  be  male,  artificially, 
as  clK'ap  as  from  the  natural  rock  or  of  as  good  a 
quality.  

M.,  Green  Island,  no  State,  asVs,  under  date  of 
December  2Jlh,  IHfvJ,  whetlier  a  '-ertaiu  piece  of 
land  on  the  James  river,  twt.vo  miles  ft-om 
Petersburg,  Va.,  Is  a  good  place  to  locate,  with  a 


view  to  going'in  the'poultry  and  fruit  business, 
etc.?  The  laud  in  Tidewater,  Virginia  is  generally 
poor,  and  often  dear,  at  the  small  amount  asked 
lor  it  per  acre.  I  would  not  advise  any  one  to 
buy  "a  cat  in  a  bag."  See  the  land  before  you 
invest.  The  location  is  good  ft)r  raising  poultry. 
I  could  not  say  whether  the  land  is  adapted  to 
fruit  growing  or  not.  That  depends  on  the  par- 
ticular piece  of  land.  Success  In  either  branch  or 
undertaking,  aepends  on  the  tnan  lus  much  as  on 
the  land.  Some  i/>ces  along  the  James  River, 
below  Richmond,  are  subject  to  malaria. 

Write  iigain,  giving  full  address  and  particulars, 
and  I  will  answer  by  letter. 

JOSEPH. 

I  am  a  subscriber  to  your  valuable  paper,  and 
read  it  through  each  month.  I  thought  I  would 
give  your  readei-s  my  experience  with  tho  recent- 
ly introduced,  but  valuable  forage  plant,  Miilo 
Maize.  Last  spring  I  procured  seed  enough  to 
plant  about  one-tenth  of  an  acre.  I  planted  it  on 
common  eotton  land  on  the  7th  of  May.  The 
month  of  May  and  June  were  very  dry  and  cool, 
consequently,  it  did  not  grow  much  until  after 
the  1st  of  July.  On  the  10th  of  August  I  cut  some 
for  the  purpose  of  curing  for  forage;  again,  on  the 
Gth  of  October,  I  cut  the  same  part  of  the  patch, 
leaving  about  one-fourth  of  it  for  seed.  At  the 
two  cuttings,  I  cured  about  .5(lO  i>ounds  of  excellent 
feed,  as  good  as  any  clovi-r  hay  nnule  anywhere. 
Mules  and  cows  eat  it  very  greedily,  either  green 
or  cured.  I  believe  on  good  land  it  will  make 
from  four  to  six  tons  of  cured  fodder  per  acre, 
probably  more.  It  will  pay  to  grow  it  for  the 
Keed  alone.  Hogs  and  iioultry  are  very  fond  of  it. 
It  mMU  make  from  KiOto  I.jO  bushels  of  grain  per 
acre  on  good  land.  I  believe  it  would  make  good 
bread  if  properly  ground.  I  intend  to  give  it  a 
trial  anyway. 

One  of  the  great  advant-agcs  Millo  Maize  has  for 
the  Southern  and  South-western  States  is  that  it 
stands  dnmth  so  well ;  for  two  months  before  the 
frost  came  and  killed  mine  we  had  had  no  rain, 
but  it  was  perfi'-^'tly  gree,:.  The  only  disadvan- 
tage that  it  has,  as  I  car.  >._-e,  is  that  it  is  somewhat 
slow  to  cure,  I  honestly  believe  it  to  be  the  best 
forage  plant  yet  found  for  the  South  and  South- 
west. 

JAMES  H.  HAWKINS,  Georgia. 


BURPEE'SM^ 


NONE      BETTKK f 

ANNUAL  FOR  1885 

Wil!  VwvpoTit  FREE  toall  who  writf  forlt  It  is  a  ITnndHnme  Rook '^f  I'iO  pin;cs.  hundreds  of  I 
twautiful  now  illnptrattons,  two  Colored  Platesj  and  t<>UH  all  ill". nt  th--  b-st  Furni  ami  Garden  I 
HerdN,  includinff  IMPORTANT  Novelties  ol  Keal  Merit.  Farmers,  Mark-t  Oardcners.  audi 
Planters  who  want  the  BEST  sEKDS  at  the  I^OWEST  PRICES  send  address  on  a  poetal  tol 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO.,  PHILADELPHIA.  PA.I 


WANTED 


KNF:n<:KTI*",  RELTABLK 
In  s.-U   Fruit  Trees, 

(Jrnpr  Vim-**.  ShriibN* 
RoHt's.  tVr.  Salary  and  Cxpeiut  or  Liberal  Commlstioas 
paid,     l-'nll  liiHUutiioii'^  givt  n.  -^o  im  \  i>'rnii.»-<l  infnc;in 

"hl^rAi^r^"-  J.  F.  Le  Clare.Brighton,  N.  Y. 


IiLt\JJijliXjSi.ti.X.  siinrtir.  ••■■  ill  Soils  and 
iH  aritdl-ir  VIII.E  Fin  IT  l«  Ki'uiTfor  inatkc-t. 
nolne  Ctanloe  I  llustrat«-«t  Ii.-scrir'llverrir.-list  Iree. 
UeiUS  OldpiCb,  WcstSifbuva,  loDiaCo.,Mich. 


FREE 


AM€t  orTojl'sHor  Furniture 

oriUining Chilis,  Sofa,  PUdoJc  Stool, 
Cl-^k,  Easy  Chain,  Screens,  Rup;, 
V'ase-.Ai-.mailf  In  Imitation  of  th^^mnit 
f.v'i  iooalile  riii--h  and  triiony  J'arl-tr 
Suits.  an.l  "IlaM.v  Dr.;^,"  the  j-^^'ul^i 
ed  Matra7.*ne  fi'r  llovsatiii 


Ifip,  !llii5tr7»t*<l 

l/i  pav  c-t  of  tlii-ta_  .    ..     _. 

Publishers  ot  HAPPY  t>AYS,  HARTFORD,  CONIJ. 


The  floral  WORLD 

A  superb  illustnf.-.l  §1,00  ni..nihl\  free  1  yenr  to  all 
tUat  fnclose  this  :ui.  to  us  u<nv  with  2li-.  lor  im^tatre. 

FI4ORAI.  WOBLJ),  UiBhIand  Paik,  ni. 


n  1  »*»%#•- 


IChromo,  Vert^c,  ^tuttoei  and  Jlidd^n  Nam^ 
ith  wi  tfltyuit prize,  lOo.    Ivory  Canl  Co.,  CliDt/>oville,Ct. 


50 

GRAPE 

JOKI>  ilUK.NKK  &-  SOX 


VINES— Po'keepsie,  Red  Ulster, 
Prolific,  MAIJAKA.and  other 

of'tanilvrfr  r'lrfV'iVv.Strawbeiries, 

Blackberrira,    Jtl  A  it  I.IIOKO  <t 

other  Raspberries,  ('ataloguey'rc* 

>>  iMerrliitntville.  N>  J> 


ILANTS 


FREE  BY  MAIL 

I  KoMes,  10  for  81» 

Allkiiiilfiof  Bt'ddingr 

^^^^m^^^m  and  I!')iiH<.'I*laiit-:,als<> 

<-T  Se^ds  in  well  aKMort*^d  !*  I  ('oiler— 

f  tlonN*  t-ent  toallpartrt  of  the  I'.  S.  ainlCatia<la, 

i(L_  niuBtrated  Catalr>cTie.  free.    Es- 

■eara    15  lar>fe  Greeuhonses. 

dt  SONS.New  CastleaPa. 


I   post    I>!       _      __ 

tablifihed  33  _y) 
PAULBUTZ. 


Revolvers, 
*"     Rifles, 

1^^  gtn. 

Add  rrat^^^^^^^^^^ 
'Great  W«rt«r^ 


,f^,FREE!  SILKS 

^'^  VOR  PATCHWORK 

8  Any  lady  sending  1-  "c.  eUnjs  fnr  thr**  inotith'sBob* 
r  ^Hpt'ton  to  Happy  Days,  the  ii-ii.cl.ir  LiU-rarv  M^;a- 
,  e  will  preient,  &«€,  I  package  beauUiiil  a,'>nrt*'U  SiilcBlocliS 
t.ir  ].rttrhwort,  1  packaire  Embroidery  Silk,  a.&si.rt«<l  colors,  aii'l  a 
Lovely  pon^rpe  SiUc  HandkercMef,  ri/.-  I'O  i  20  \nch-^. 
AddresB  AUtERICAN*  CO..C£rNT£:RBROOK.CONK. 


TMs  Ring- FREE! 

[50  Elegant,  SatUiFmteh  Golden  Floral  Cards, 
name  on.  Ifv,  1  pfes.  fid, ,  andrincfrte.  Samrile 
Album,  a^c     S.  M.  Frx^TF^  Kjrthfonl,  Ct 


.  yf  A  ^eantlful  Satin  OF'iiilshed 
|4:V«)Brdsand  one  KOU.ICD  eOLI) 
'  RIVGFREEfortentWO-eentHtatnps. 

ACME  CARD  FACTORY,  CUntODTtUe,  Conn. 


W^  ^%  Ijatest  Style  Moral  Reniitips.  Motto, 
^^  ■  ■  Landscape,  ami  i>atin  Cards  with  vi.ur  iiinue 
^»  ■  I  oil, also  1  rerfimie  Sachet,  Islieft  of  Embos.s*>d 
^M  ^J  Pictures,  1  set  Agents'  f<anipli~,  I'reniium  1. 1st 
^^  ^^  Ac,  all  Tor  10c.;  ,i  packs,  ,'i  Perfiiine  Sacliets.  .5 
sheet.'?  of  emhossp<i  j»iciiircs,  Aeeiifs  Out  lit,  and  alovelv 
Kolled  Gold  Fincrer  Rini;  for  onlv  50  cents. 

FRAXKI.IN  rr.lXTING  CO.,  New  Haven,  Oonn. 


DID  YP'!  SFF  IT9  ^VHAT?    Why  the  MAOIf 
lU  TUJ  OCC  II  fcoiN!    It  is  one  of  tbe  m,,^t 

iiiy-tci'i.nis  tliini:^  von  oversiiw.  and  only  cottt  20  cents, 
with  10  iraosparem  cards  tree.  STAR  MFG.  CO.,  Manavuik.  Pa. 


TMt  CMRGCli  F«aiLY  FRUIT JAND  VKf;KTABl.K 

EVAPORATORS. 

Sa.-lO.  $6.00.  AND  *to.oo. 

SenM  lor  circular.  EASTERN  MANU> 
FACT'S  CO.,  26S'S.  Fifth  St.  Phila.  | 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  FOR  SALE 

Such  ns  Jnmbo,  AtlRntic.  Prince  Rcrric'..  for. 
Iiclin.  Dnniel  I*nnne.  TlentlcrNOn,  Parr*,  l.nree 
Btock   nnd    I.OU'   PRKES.    .Send  for  Special  Price- 

James  Lippincott,  Jr.,  ^iVSkoiwXj. 


GOSSAMER  GARMENTS  FREE!' 

To  intnidnro  *'  Tfiijij^v  T»avs,"  «nir  new  Ifi-nu^e  illiisira- 
tfd  ^M.'iuiizinr',  w.- \\  III 'NfiKl' Iroe  tunny  liidy  "8eudinff26 
'  c'lii'^  in  slump.-*  ior  ;i  luuutbs'  subscription,  two  lady'ilall 
I  size  M'ater|irofirf;o!>!i>4ainer  (.nrmrulN.  "illi  oata- 
I  ititiiie  ot  other  rubber  goods,  provided  tlievwill  show 
!  them  to  thoir  friends  and  induce  other  sub-s'  Address  i 
PUBLISHERS  HAPPY  DAYS.  HARTFORD,  CONN.J 


40 


Hidden  Tiamc  £iiilM»«*cd  uid  Pi'cw  Chroaio 

Cord*,  nam*  in  npw  tyM,  an  Elcrant  4^  pB^e 
€illt  bound  Floral  Autoprraph  Albnm  with, 

quotations,  12  page  Illustrated  Premium  and 
Prico  List  and  -^gent'aCanvaeaingOu'-flt.all 

forlGcta.   82iOW  &  CO.,  Merulea,Uoan*L 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


«5 


CQai^gh  Wmu. 


"Talk  about  creamery  butter,"  said  a  grocer  on 
Woodward  avenue,  "  sive  me  the  old-fa-shioned- 
8weet-i-rr;tiii-h<iin(.'-inadi-(-huriU'd  butter  of  the 
country,  like  this,  '  ami  he  laid  a  roll  on  the  coun- 
ter and  proceeded  tu  butter  some  cra<-kers. 

"Eh!  what's  that?"  inquired  the  customer. 
"Country  butter,  let  me  taste  it." 

So  more  crackers  were  buttered,  which  he  ate 
gladly. 

"How  much  of  that  butter  have  you  got.?" 
he  asked,  wiping  his  chops  with  a  smack  of 
eatis  faction. 

"  Took  the  most  of  it  home  to  my  own  family, 

Col.  M bought  some,  and  will  be  in  after  the 

rest.  You  sec  it  isn't  easy  to  get  June,  clover-fed 
cream  butter  at  this  time  of  year.  You  couldn't 
find  a  pound  in  any  other  store  in  town,"  said 
the  grocer,  proudly. 

"Send  me  up  the  lot,"  said  the  customer,  "  I 
don't  want  any  creamery  butterine  after  eating 
that.  I  was  brought  up  on  a  farm,  I  was,  and 
know{i:o(»d  butter  when  I  see  it."  And  he  paid 
for  his  goods  and  went  out. 

"Where  did  you  strike  that  butter?"  a«ked  a 
man  who  was  eating  prunes  and  pickles  near  the 
stove. 

"Down  at  the  factory  where  they  make  it," 
replied  the  grocer  calmly.  And  the  beating  of 
their  own  hearts  was  all  the  sound  they  heard. 

German  joke,  literally  translated :—"  Of  what 
sickness  is  the  Mi-s.  B.  deiul?  "  "Exjictly  know 
thoy  not;  perhaps  because  she  too  fast  lived" 
"  How  so?  At  marriage  was  she,  according  to 
her  own  story,  three  years  younger  than  her 
husband,  and  after  her  death  was  she,  according 
to  the  birth  and  death  certificate,  nine  years 
older  than  the  same." 

A  young  law  student  in  the  Southwest  went  to 
an  old  Judge  to  be  examined  for  adniission  to  th« 
bar.  After  a  desultory  conversation  to  the  Judge 
said,  "  Well,  young  fellow,  hang  out  your  shingle 
and  go  ahead."  "But  y<)U  have  not  examined 
me."  "Never  mind,"  was  the  brilliant  reply. 
"If  you  don't  know  no  law  you  won't  get  no 
practice,  so  you  won't  do  nt>  harm  no  how." 

A  young  man  who  believes  in  self-improve- 
ment, having  recently  married,  suggested  to  his 
wife  that  they  should  argue  soini'  (juestions 
frankly  and  fully  every  morning,  in  order  to 
learn  more  of  each  other.  The  lirst  question 
happeni^d  to  be  "whether  a  woman  could  be 
expected  to  got  along  without  a  hat."  and  he 
took  the  affirmative,  and  when  lie  was  last  seen  j 
he  hati  climbed  up  int^>  a  hay  loft,  and  was  pull- 
ing the  ladder  after  him. 

*'How  in  tiie  world  can  you  content  yourself 
to  live  in  this  dead-and-alive  place?"  asked  the 
city  visitor  of  her  countrv  cousin,  "  I  know  T 
should  die  if  I  had  to  stay  here."  "  Well,"  replied 
the  rustic  relative,  "  I  suppose  I  sh(mld,  too,  but 
Chen  the  city  folks  ain't  here  only  a  few  weeks  in 
the  year,  you  know." 

An  Illinois  lady  is  said  to  have  collected  a 
string  of  buttons  twenty-four  feet  long.  This 
a4X!ounts  for  so  many  men  in  that  State  with 
their  suspenders  attaclied  to  their  pants  with  a 
Bhingle  nail. 

A  sentimental  editor  says  "  It  is  comforting  to 
know  th!i.t  one  eye  wat^lies  fondly  for  our  com- 
ing, and  looks  brighter  when  we  come."  A  con- 
temporary is  grieved  to  learn  that  his  "brother 
of  the  quill  has  a  wife  with  only  one  eye." 

An  Iowa  chemi-it  recently  discovered  an  explo- 
sive belii  veil  to  bv  nineteen  times  a::  powerful  as 
dynamite;  but  th*^  secret  of  its  comp«»sition  Wivs 
lost  at  the  time  of  its  discovery,  together  with  the 
chemist  and  most  of  the  glass  in  town. 


wm. 


E\i/SEED8,^145for50Cis. 

•  a  Garden  of  Novelties  • 


AN  UNPARALLELED  OFFER. 

To  iDtroduce  our  SKEOS  amuDg  uew  cnstumers,  and  that  all  may  test  the  Great 
I  superiority  of  our  Valuable  Mew  Varieties,  we  will  send  Pree  by  mail,  for  only 
(in  postal  note  or  Htamps)  our  SOVi-LTY  t'oliectiou,  containing  l^arge  Packets  of 
each  oi  the  t<iilowiiiK  (actual  value  !«>l>4o):  New  PineAi>i»re  ^ouajsh,  a  perfect 
Wonder,  valuable  as  both  a  Btimmtr  and  winter  souasli,  and  IwBtof  all  for  Pies  and  Custards. 
New  Jlarket  C'hanipion  Touiato^  the  earliest,  largest^  handaumest  and  most  produc- 
tive variety  ever  int^'duced.  NewCiolden  ."^avoy  Cabbajre, richer  than  cauliflower,  i>Iauinioth  fSilver 
King  Ouion,  very  handstjme  and  productive,  growing  to  enormous  size — mild  flavor.  New  ?«trataftem  Pea, 
iimnenee  pods,  tiUed  with  large,  fine-flavored  Peaa  unutually  productive  Wouder  of  Krauce  lieanyare" 
markable  new  variety,  superior  to  all  others.  New  ivolb  (-em  if  lelon.  sweet,  sugary,  luscious,  enormoutdy  large 
and  ftf^hd.  New  Huby  Kins  Pepper,  verylarge,  brilliant  and  handsome.  Ne^r  JLarge  Violet  liournay 
Hadi.sh,  mild,  cri^p  and  tender,  sure  to  become  a  favorite.  New  Ouerandc  Carrot,  superior  to  ail  others. 
Royal  Drumhead  CabbaRe,  handBomeet,  large.  late  snre-heading  varietv.  Vf^ry  solid, 
fine  gramed  and  tender.    lUree  Complef  p  NoveltT  ('ollertionH  mRitert  tor  *1-'2.5. 

AHpTnER  LIBERAL  OFFER!  containing  33  ImVffe  PnrUrts  VmnCKST 
HEEDS*  making  a  Complete ^|  3  Bmtrb.  |  Cp?^Onr  Flower  Collection,  compris- 
VegetaDleGarden, mailed  for  «DI«  S'-i-50.  I  ing  I(»  Packets  poimlar  Flower  Seeds. 
«5c.  6  collectione.  SI.  All  who  purchase  thp  above  colI«>ctinns  are  entitled  to  compete  for 
SI. OOP   IN    CASH  PRIZES  r?;,'H?.y^   r^Order.now  and  « .t  .our_New 


and  Farm  Manual,  mailed  FREE. 


JOHNSON  &  STOKES, SEED 6R0WERS,Ph!ladelphla,Pa 


eiVENAWAY 

NEW  RED  RASPBERRY 

MARI.noilO. 

NEW  EVE|;BLOpMING  DOUBLE 

NEW  SILVER'-EDiiE 'geranium 

MAKAMi;  SVI.I.KKOI. 

NEW  YELLOW  COLEUS 

«oi,i>KX  iiinnKK. 

NEW  EVER-BLOOMING  CARNATION 

CAKIH\AL. 

Our  prices  always  n-asonaiili-,  niir  platiN  and  seeds  an 
ffond  as  the  best.  *  'ur  ii.-niiiiCni  .■Mtuli>L'UH,  rnlly  illus- 
trated, full  of  iiirortuiiliMii  -.ini  lor  ;i  *j-iTiit  stamp. 

CEORCE  S.  WALES,  Rochester,  N.  Y_. 

400.000  GEWUIWE" 
GREGG  PLANTS. 

The  ("■Ht  and  most  profitiiMc  li).i<-k  ^,^«p■ 
i.irr>  irrnwn.  Fruit  men  ami  deaiur*  wili 
:ivi  nioner  by  seii>Iing  for  our  prices 
ij!i..ri-  ordering  Trom  any  otlicr  firm.  Our 
[art;c  Hti)uk  of  plants  are  g;uaraQteed  pure 
and  well  rooted.    Corro-spondtacc  solicited. 

J.  W.  NEI^SON, 

Indian  Run,  Mercer  Co..  Penna. 


^( 


t 


^ 

^ 
^ 


BftSETS 

Tl  "ON'Lf  CORSET  made  tliot  can  bo  retirneil  by 
Its  pun'li:(vf!'  af  Vr  three  "■f^kp  vr'ar.  if  i.nt  iound 

PERFECTLY   SATISFACTORY    „ 
in  every  respei-t,  and  its  ;jrh-e  rt-fundcd  i-y  seller, 
Madeinavariety  of  Htylesaii.l  prioes.  Solri  l)y  firsts 
elaKS dealers  evi-rvwheiv.  Pi  ware  nfwirtbless imi- 
tations.   None  crenuine  without  Ball's  name  on  box. 

CHICAGO  CORSET  CO.,  Chicago.  III. 
FOY,  HARMON  &  CO.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


Grinfl  your.own  Bone, 

VI  IIIU   sie„i,  Oy.ter  Shell.. 


„     „  Oy.ter  Shell., 

leRAIIAM    Flour    :ind  Corn 
IJln  till-  *3  TT  A-JJXa  ASXXiXj 

'(F.    Wlls. Ill's    I'atcut).      lOO    per 
cent.  Illurt-  madr  iu  keepillK  poul- 

^i Also   POW£K    SUI.I.S    aud»JFXBM 

EED  MI1,X,S.    Circulars  and  Testimonials  sent 
on  application.    WTtSOSf  BKOS..  Eastoo,  Pa. 


OUR  NEW  KNIFE  iUINE  IT! 

Laree  blade,  extra  stroim  ;  'i  pen  blades; 
nil  iiinde  coiiipari  ;  rlenii  rut' 
tin«;   cdeeH :     miiooMi     handle : 

wari'jin'ed  bl:nU'w.  smt  pust-paia 
JUJk  forSl.tO;  Nix  tMi  ^i.-j.oo.  Tins  in 
''lJ^.~~-  tJie  btst  kiiUe  for  the  price 

, ,//  Tni    -^  vigliaveever  shown  liere. 

Gent's  fine  3-blade  pen- 
knife !«1.«0:  'J-l>lade 
ttck-kiiife.  50e.  L,Miies'  C- 
ila.ie,.'>Or.  Hunlin«  knife 
SI.  I'luitiim  kiiifp.  $1, 
4S-p;it;''    li^t    free;    also, 

mmi  GROSH, 

16  Summit  Si..  Toledo.  0. 

THE  DING^&  CONARD  GO'S 

BEAUTIFUL,  EVEK-BLOOMLNU 

ROSES 

Onr  Great  Specialty  is  growing  and  distril.iitnn,' 
RO.SES— we  deliver  strong  Pot  Plants  smtatiie  tor 
ininif'liuf'  blo-im.  safely  by  mail  at  all  Post  Officen, 
5SpleiMlid  Varieries,  vt"' -:'*'">'■,  all  labeled,  for 
JSl;  12  ior  f-i-Z -y  a.jfurSo;  lOOforglia.    A1b»» 

OTHER  VARIETIES  9.!^,;?  in  FOR  <ft1 

acc-.r-iini:  tuvahit^,  Strul  for  cur  »«- Cnide,  76  pp 
elegantly  itius.  and  choose  from  over  500  finest  sorts 
Addrens,  THE  DINGEE  &  CONARD  CO., 
Bose  Growers.  West  Grove,  Chester  C'o.,  Pa. 


'^DREER'S 

GARDEN  SEEDS 

Plants^  Bulbs,  and 
KequiNites.  They  are 
the  DeHl  at  tbe  lowest 

priocM.  Calendar  for  1k85 
mailed    Free,    Addrewa, 

HENRY  A.  DREER 
J14  CHESTNUT  ST.  PUILA. 


THE  DOLLAR  SEED    SOWER. 

Sows  all  kinds  of  Ki'i^-'^f' and  garden  .st-€'ds  as  well  as  aii>- 
drill  made,  Holds  one  quart.  Weighs  ?i  pound.  Can 
Not  Clog.  U  Easily  Adjusted,  Durable,  Sows  In  Drills.  Sa\'es 
lini*'  and  VI-, Mi  Hi  pliuji  iiil'  small  liarritMis,  Ix'ds,  le,s[. 
Kn.un.ls.  .'..1.1  fianjcs.  liot  l>«-<is.  Warranted  to  olve  satisfac- 
tion, s.in  posipni,!  loany  address  in  iheU.^.  on  receipt 
of  ONE  I>01j£jAR.  AddresH,  memioninii  this  paper, 
GREENWICH  AIFG:  CO.,  Greenwich,  Ohio. ^ 


SUCCESS  TO  OUR^rtT^ 

THE  SEED  TRADE.  Relief  for  iho  people. 


5  AT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. 


FOR  60  CTS 


In  order  to  introdnca 
-.--  -- —  — --'-rr.^.a  -  ■■■w^w>  tfii'^  wood^rfal  potato 
tree  pi"  f  oHt,  we  make  the  i'iiowir,g  unprecedented  offerl 

in  p.JMii»;e  stamps  or  m.-uej,  ive  wlfl  seed  bv  mail  a  bor 

,  containing,  tirst.  17  packet.*,  one  each,  of  the  followinK 

ed,  and  guaranteed  seeds:— Dew  in  irV  Improved  Rlood 


WllHoiTsllletJy  Improved 
Sew  Golden 


,  hlchlv-impr' 
Turnip  lieet^  best  and  earliest  for  table  use.     , 

M'lnnliiKMtadt  Cabboce.  best  and  earlleat;    ^ ,„.  „ 

^Lf-lllunehlns  Celerv,  excelleut  quality,  easily  grown-  need 
up-  l^ttPly  Green  ProlIOe  Cueamber,  best  as  cucumbers  or  tiickles*'"N'« 
Plus  Lltra  Huirar  Corn,  productive,  early,  tender,  and  swwt.  >ew  Gold.-n 
Heart  Lettuce,  best  lor  TUT  ABFAV  mn  »«*■«■? 
iheading;  good  all  summer.  «  I  nt     UKtAT      IRDN^ClAD 

TVMICnlflCLUfl)  the  world,  orange  Cream  MuHknielon" 
sweet,  spicy,  and  delicioa.  >ew  Mlver  Baintalion  Onion,  b^ui?"! 
large,  mild  ;  crows  8. pound  ouiood  from  5.-..ii.  Kuby  King  Pepper,  largestl 
floest,  Bweeteat  pepper  ever  eeeu.  Abbott's  Suffar  Purmnlp,  greatly  loi^ 
proved  Tariefy.  Ohio  Sweet  Potato  Pumpkin,  •  normoui-lv  productive,  eX' 
__.,__.         ....  ..  _..  _.  French  BreakfaHt  liadlnh,  best 


cellent  quality;  keeps  all  winter.  French  UreakfaHt  liadlnh,  best  of  alt 
earlv  rarti-ih''*.  White  Pineapple  8quaHh,  extra  (jualitv,  go<td  for  summer 
or  winter.  New  Cardinal  Tomato,  larKi'si  and  sm<xtthei>t  of  any.  White 
Munich  Turnip,  be«t  for  table  nse.  SAMPLE  PACKET  OF 
COLDEN  BEAUTY  CORN.  moAt  beantlful  and  prodnctlve  of 
any  in  iht- country.  Recond,  ITUT  CTDAVDCAIITV  ihe  earllent 
medluin.Hlzo  tuber  of|  IIC  V  I  llAf  DCAU  I  I)  POTATO 
ever  yet  seenj  very  produrtive.  eTci-llent  quality,  beautiful  as  an  oil  painting. 


CORN*  moAt  beantirul  and  pi 

THE STRAY BEAUTf 

,_  .     .         .  .  _.„     ever  yet  seen ;  vcrv  produrtive,  eTci-tlent  qnalitv.  beautiful  as  an  oil  painting. 

/Tpaoketfl  ofaeed  andi^/l^^A     TWO   oollectlonR  for  »1.10,  FOtTR  for    nilD   DDnDnOITIIlil 
"  onewholepotato  for'^''  t-r*.     #2.  ThU  Is  an  offer  never  made  before,     UUK    rKUruSI  I  lUN 

to  gladden  the  heart  unA  hri-ht-n  the  way  of^vory  tiller  of  the  soil  and  lover  of  th.-  heiiurifiil  has  Z.-" Vith  a ueh  unbounded  encccsS 


»  more  temptinic  offer,  and  here  let  ii      _  ,      .  „ 

ICFST  Fl>OWER  REEI>H  FOR  80  CFXTH, 


sav  we  erow  th<" 


that  _ 

a-Tr-.     18  PACKETS  CHOI' 

Porta  I  ;icen«,  PHIotch,  i'unnlet.  Verbena*, — all  fln^it  strai 

hock,  New  I^warf  Marlnrold,  extra  Inrice double  Z  _    ,  _.     ^ „...^..,„, 

ollmblne  pl""*-..^**?;-  beuiitlful  FverlaHtlnie  Flower.^  IS'p'kt*  for  SO  et*.,  TWO  "con'eVtion 


are  regular  size,  with  direction ■<  lor  rTimvaiirnr,    imr  ncnutllully 
each  order.     Addre^f  ''"CKMNri    lUil  CflM  hFF.I> 

ktt«rs  oud  moDuy  ordem  to  OH  III  U  t  L  W  I  Lu  U  R  |  GRO  WEU, 


with  t 

by  the  pound,  ,.y  the  bushel,  and  by  the 

°a,cb,  of  AsterM,  RalnnniH.  PetnntBR, 

nd  most  beautiful j^olors.   l.urce  J>oubIc  KnelNh  HolK- 

bright  rnlora.     One  One  ornamental  srraHH.    Om  splendid 


ur  bcnutlfully   IIIuFttrated  and  descriptive  Cutaloi 


rated  and  descriptive  Cutaloirur 

MECHANIC^VILLE,r>f^! 


opt'onip 


nlea  . 


oninanit ..  ^ 

■Ksj'oiTPiTv,  r 

iXSYLVAjaA. 


i6 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


fl    (©OliLBGIlION. 


Brought  by  Uncle  Sam's  mail  and  in  other  trays. 

G  M  T.  Johnson,  Binghamton,  N.  J.,  isssues  the  most 
Interesting  Poultry  Book,  for  25  cents,  we  have  ever 
read.    Send  for  it.    Mailed  on  receipt  of  price. 

The  Perfect  Hatchers'  Co.'s  Automatic  Incubators  are 
having  great  success  in  the  hands  of  practical  farmers. 
See  their  advertisement  on  page  9. 

Everyone  interested  in  Firearms  and  Sporting  Goods 
should  send  for  the  Catalogue  issued  by  Messrs.  J.  A. 
Ross  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass.,  also  their  18S5  Calendar,  see 
advertisement  in  this  issue. 

That  grand  old  paper,  the  American  Agriculturist,  has 
done  better  this  year  than  ever  before.  It  sijcceeds  be- 
cause it  deserves  to.  We  send  it  wUh  The  Farm  and 
Garden  for  only  Jl.2.5  a  year. 

John  Saul,  621  Seventh  Street,  Washington,  D.  C., 
Catalogue  No.  6  of  new,  rare  and  beautiful  plants.  A 
large  and  varied  list  o*  flowering  and  foliage  plants, 
bulbs,  Ac. :  72  pages,  f 'atalogue.  No.  2,  of  new  .-inii  beau- 
tiful flowers,  garden  seeds,  &c.     32  finely  illustrated 


We  cannot  refrain  from  calling  attention  to  the  adver- 
tisement ol  H.  J.  Balcer  &  Co.  ou  top  ol  farst  column  of 
lasi  cover  page.  Thev  have  occupieil  this  space  each 
spring  for  three  years,  and  have  dealt  justly  with  many 
readers  of  this  paper. 

Mr  Charles  Lippincott,  of  CInnannnson.  N.  J.,  read  an 
Essav  on  Incubators  and  Brooders,  before  the  State 
Board  of  Agricnlture,  at  Trenton.  N.  J.,  on  February  4tb. 
It  can  be  obtained  of  P.  T.  (Juiiin.  of  Newarl<,  N.  J.  Mr. 
Lippincotl  has  three  incubators  going  now;  his  Hrst 
hatches  being  over  eighty  per  cent. 

Wm  H.  Fay  &  (:>..  Camden,  X.  J.,  are  manufacturers 
of  manilla  rooHng  and  lining.  For  keeping  ciil.l  and 
heat  out  of  I'raine  lii>usesand  fur  making  cheap  rools. 
this  is  valuable.  -\  samplt*  and  interesting  circular  is 
seiit  to  all  who  apply  and  state  that  they  are  readers  ol 
The  Farm  a.^'o  Gakokn. 

Color  Yot'R  Butter.— Farmers  that  try  t4i  sell  white 
butter  are  all  of  the  npinlun  that  dairving  doi^s  not  pay. 
If  thev  would  use  Wells,  Rii-liardsiui  *  Co.'s  Improved 
Butter  Col.  r  nil. I  iiKirk.'l  Iheir  Imtler  in  perfect  oondi- 
tion,  thev  would  slill  u'el  i;."id  pri.es,  but  it  will  uot  pay 
tomakeanv  but  lli.-  best  in  color  and  quality.  This 
color  Is  used  by  all  the  leadlngcreameries  and  dairymen, 
and  is  sold  by  druggists  and  merchants. 

The  People's  Farm  and  st.m-k  CYfi.oi*Ki.iA.— We 
have  reclevwl  from  J.mes  Urns.  Publishers,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  the  above  work,  lor  whi.h  «.•  .•xpr.'s.s  our  obliga- 
tions. The  w.irk  einlinu/es  all  lli.-  most  useful  topics  in 
farm  and  garden  affairs,  anil  is  especially  lull  of  all  mut- 
ter that  relates  to  stock,  poullrv.  diseases  and  can-  ..f 
animals  generallv.  The  work  is  well  writti'li.  In  a  pleas 
In.' an. 1  ntl  iii.tive  style  :  full  of  illiist  rati. ins,  and  .■ontuins 
avast  am. .lint  ..f  usi.|ul  iiifonnalion.  To  a  beginner  in 
farniini,'  lli.'  w.irk  is  ..iie  ..t'rare  value,  un.l  the  practical 
farniiT  will  lind  it  full  of  matter  that  will  amnly  repay 
him  for  a  perusal.  We  believe  this  work  will  meet  a 
ready  sale  and  prove  a  popular  work  with  the  farmer 
and  readers  generallv.  Printed  on  good  paper,  from 
large,  clear  type ;  well  bound.    12*1  large  octavo  pages. 

HAVE   YOU    A 

GARDEN? 

IF  YOU   HAVE  YOU  WILL  NEED 

SEEDS 

And  will  want  the  Best  at  the  least 
money.  Then  my  new  Seeii  Catalogue  will 
surprise  you.  No  matter  where  you  have 
been  dealing  it  -will  save  money.   It  is  mailed 

Free  to  all,  and  you  oug^lit  to 

have  it  before  buying  anywhere. 

WM.  H.  MAULE, 

129  &  131  South  Front  St.,  Philadelphia. 


CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 

T.  S.  Hubbard.  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  Small  Fruits. 
J.  T.  Lovett,  Little  Silver.  N.  J..  Small  Fruit.s. 
B  M.  Morrell.  Plymouth,  Indiana,  small  fruits. 
H.  G.  CornHV.  I  ■or'nwall-on-Hudsoii.  N.Y  .  Sma  1  !•  ruits. 
George  Slin'son  &  Co.,  Portland,  Maine,  Novelties. 
Elhvaiiger  A  Barrv.  K...-hesler,  N.  Y.,  Nursery  Slock. 
B.  T.  Pierce  *  Co..s.;utli  llav.ii.  Mi.-bigan,  t  ruit  Hoxes. 
T.  T.  Lyons,  SouUi  HaVHji,  Micliw.n,  Small  tnius. 
E.  &  J.  C.  Williams.  .\l,.nt.la.i.  N.  ...  ^"1"  '  '■.riwer- 
Small  &  Matthews,  B.jslon,  Mass..  Small  3  Calf  I'  eeder 

POTATOES. 

IRISH.  SWEET.  v„,l, 

Pamnhlet  prepared  by  Charles  V.  Mapes,  New/1  ork, 
oonSrig  aSnlsof'some   iuterestiug   experimem^ 
showing  (Temand  for  complete,  not  partial,  >e™,',J*V" 
A  mong  the  most  striking  ol  these  are  the  following  .- 


1.  When  fertilizers  exhaust  the  land. 

2.  Large  yields  of  potatoes  on  sixteen  acres. 

3.  5'2s  bushels  on  on©  acre. 

4.  Continuous  growing  of  potatoes  for  eight  years. 

5.  How  over  1000  bushels  of  potatoes  are  grown  on  an 
acre. 

6.  Scab,  wire  worms,  etc.,  in  potatoes. 

7.  Sweet  potatoes,  their  composition. 

These  accounts  are  from  the  pen  of  Prof.  G.  C.  Call- 
well,  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  of  England ;  K  S.  Carmen,  Rural 
Ne*v  Yorker:  Dr.  F.  M  Ilexamer,  American  Garden,  and 
others. 

This  valuable  pamphlet  contains,  among  other  usefiil 
information,  a  tableshowing  the  effects  of  fertilizera 
supplying  only  a  single  element,  as  compared  with 
complete  fertilizers.  Sent  free  to  applicants  by  Mapes 
Formula  and  Peruvian  Guano  Co.,  1.58  Front  St.  N.  Y. 


A  PRESENT  TO  EVERY  LADY. 


A  25  cetU  book  on  Art  Needle  work  and  Crazy 
J-atchiimk.  wUh  100  tu-w  stilrhes  a>ul  tra,,^- 
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imk.  will  be  given  lo  every  Mw  '"*»"■'''''■,'" 
^rawbridiir  i-  aolhier:<  /IwAitm  9""' ''•''! 
ms  offer  only  A„(<(.«  pood  n„t,l  '^l'"'}^';';^; 
The  /li.v/iioi.  Moiio-nir  ,;,ntiiins  120  laiii' 
page.''  leilh  orer  MK  ill„.^hanom  each J.^"; 
Siid  1.1  the  cheaijenl  maj/ozme  in  the  w<^l''- 
Out  out  this  notice  and  mail  wtlh  aO  cen/.«.  iru 
price  of  n  ijear's  subscription,  to 

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FUN 


BRO.  JONATHAN'S  JOKES. 


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EXCELSIOR  PUeUSHING  HOUSE,  29  and  31  BeeKman  St..N.Y 


IUiiHlriil4-i).     Sent, 
for     Twflve    <'enC8. 


i4.br*i.oopQCFCAf„'.or«"V.!:.,';;";,i 

S    ..  •2Xn^^^^^cuu»llv   low   pH..... 

THOMAS  d.   HAROLD,   HliiQtton,   Somerset  •»■.  Wanlanii. 


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rHninCndthe  seasun.  T.  C.  BARNES,  ColIinsviUe.Ct. 


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MAIL. 

iimple  •i.'5  CIS..   \   'or 

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BUHER  COLOR! 

TIIF  BF**T!  ('..ntninB  nooil.  Does  not  fade  or 
streak  \>"*-^  nt.t  color  the  hutttrmilk.  It  jvdl  color 
li(»  I>er  cent  more  hutter  than  any  cither  color  At^k 
your  dniKirist  or  dealer  for  it;  or  on  receipt  uf  J.ir. 
%VG  will  wnd.  p4.stl»aid.  t«irapln  colonnK  wm  l^i^  .'•• 
Butter.  T  K  V  IT  and  you  will  u«e"t,  other  Write 
for  circular  and  chromo  card,  fr«e.  1»- Jp  •  SH  \\d^ 
&  CO.,No.  3928  Market  St.,PhiladcIphia. 


f-'^SeeDsmen.FLORisTS^fnuRseRYMen 

innnn  ELECTROS  IN   STOCK.      ,^.BLANC 
IVJ.UUUSENDFOBCATALOGUES  PHILADi^. 


/*.. BLANC 
PHILAD^. 


YfiSE 


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JlAlUL'"!'!  >  Solid  Kollcd  eold  Klnc 
FRKKI'.rten  two.c*.nt  ^taipps.  Cut  this  out. 
CLIMON  BROS.,  CIlntonTlIle.  ConiL 


SU^^n^LJ  A  |lI|^WritinK//i'vrmif;/i(j/'n"P'i' 
XWjYi.  I  M  AnUbymnil  or  iifri^onnlb. 
ilunlii.i n.iired  lor  Pnpils  "„!'7,'  i""il";'e"!- 
end  for  Cireuh.r.  W.  Ci.  C'lf.VFFKE.  Osw..i;o,  N.  "i 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

-Cholee  Trees.  Vines,  and  Plants.  All  the  new  varieties. 
Maiu-hester  Strawherries.  Hansell  Ba.spberrles.  Kieffer 
Pear  Trees.  Peach  Trees  n  Bpecially.  I^arge  stiKk 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  eircufar  to 

J.  BRAY.    Red  Bank    N.  J. 

1  THE  NEW  RED  TEAROSE, 
WILLIAM    FRANCIS 

enn^tT 

Plants  will  he  ready  for  delivery  on  and  after 
'  Marrh  l.'itli.  18S.5.    For  terms  plase  address 

(•H.\S.  F.  i:V.\N9,  Stnlion  F.  I'hilndelpliin.  I'a. 

StND  FOR  CAT.*. 
",OGtTF,  and  learn 
low  to  get  tliem. 

Flower*.  C'nrnotlonm  PelurKonl. 


FftlRVIEW  NURSERIES -in^ir 

aOO-\<  I!  l:s  IN  KlMITTItK.KS  AND 

S.^IAI.l,  FKIIT  PLANTS. 
l-2.'5.0001Vn(  li  frees,  ehoi,  e  Kieili'rand 
1,1'  C'onte  Pear  Trees.  All  kiiiOs  of  nur- 
st  ry  stock.  Small  fiiiits.  and  OMnee  Or- 
niiiEe  si>e<.ialties.  Send  for  pnre-Iist.  Ad 
dress,  j_  PKRKINS.  MOORtSTOWN.  N.  J. 


DOZEN  HEW.><TR.\WBEKRIKSf..r!jll.OO, 

post-pai^l.     Circular    and    i»riec-lNt    of 


small  I'rutt  and  ve£;etable  plants,  free.  COLO  FRAME 
CAB6ACE  for  shipping  «onlli,  and  Cranberrv  plants  a 
specialty.     I.  dt  L.  I.EONARD.  lona,  New  Jersey. 


Send  ■:  cent  stamp  for  cntalogne  of  «K 
.Address.  Rcnnie,  .*lli»on  &  Co., 
Philndplpliin.    I'pnnn. 


GUNS 


DmnrD  it  vou  loveUnre  Flowem.  f 'Aoiec.*/ on/y, 
ntnUtn  a.ldress  for  Catalogue.  ELLIS  BROTH. 
ERS,  KEENE,  H.  H.     It  will  astonish  and  please.     Free. 

OTnilC'C   URDnV  ah  the  leading  strawberries 
OlUnt  O   nMnlll  Rnnpberries.  (;rni>e!i.  and 
--  STONK'.S    HARDY    III,A<'KBER- 


mall  Frniis, 
R  \*  is  our  ;^j'eeiaUy 


IS.     l.cWHst    I'rl, 


;" i,.,r  i\m  &  (ONVERSE.  D|  AruRFRRY 

N:ime   piilier.  '     t.,rt  Alku^xnn.   \\  t.t.   DLHV/nDLnill 

^„«  i^  CMJUiHI'HI 

M  Lovelv  Chromos  with  name  A  A^f.  new  Sample  Bw.k  10c.  5  pk»., 
Sunpl.  Sook  *  ll>l»  Pencil  SOc.  E.  H.  PARDEE,  New  lUven,  Con*. 


CE 


Ebony 
PcncIL 


FREE  PLftNTS.1 


a.    Gemniuma.  Fuchalna,   A 
.J  "■         "       * 

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1*  br  mail    for  *A 


IFOR  80  CU.  our  larp;  32-p«g:e  llluetrated 
Social  Visitor  Mapazinc.  filled  i 


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R I  Vr  N  Social  Visitor  Masazinc.  fillejwith  charm^ 
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THE  BIGGEST  BARGAIN 
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Owini:   to   tile   lailurO  ol   a  j;(iji   vj^. ^^^ ^7"  i    V" 

curch" -r,  their  cDtire  stuck,  u.  »  liich  were  a  lew  cho  ce  Sal- 
«rd  Violins,  a  most  bcaut.lul  Vn,lill,.rt,snc  mode  .crace- 
?uyuuOi°,  "lushed  and  pohsbed  so  as  to  bring  out  a  Itb. 
r^ch  eleca,  ce  of  the  woulf,  are  double-lined.  ancT  ol  brilliant 
Jin"  Each  outtit  sent  complete  with  Italian  slrinc..  6"' reg>. 
nearl  inlaid  tail-ni.ce.  flie  snake-wood  .bo<e  ebony  ""d  Ger- 
man iver  lrimmin"s.  car.  fullv  packed  in  plush-  lined  black- 
rn7ca.ene«m„dei:hrass,,anSle,fastcninK.andtr^ 
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These  Viol  ins  have  ncccr  retailed  for  less  than  $|  2  'o  V  5,  •1"> 
arc  the  n.ost  unprecedented  and  citraordmarv  1^»'£» ''''';"' 
offeJed.  The  supply  is  very  limlleJ-  orders  sho.jM  h'  sent  «• 
mir?     Satisfaction  or  money  refundetL    G.  H.  W.  D^  I  t» 

4  CO.,  Importers,  106  Sudbury  St.,  Boston,  Maia. 


*  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


APRIL,    1885. 


No.  VII 


rNSTRUCTIONS   TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 


SubMriptloiltt  may  begin  witli  any  number,  but  we  prefer  to  date 
them  from  -laiiu^ry  ol  each  _\ear.     Price  tiliv  cents  a  year,  in  advance. 

Renewals  t-an  be  sent  now.  uo  matter  when  the  KUbsoripiion 
expires,  and  tlie  time  will  be  added  to  that  to  which  the  subscriber 
is  already  eoticled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription.  If  not  renewed 
it  is  immediately  discontinued.  No  notice  is  required  to  st«p  the 
paper,  and  no  bill  will  be  sent  for  extra  uuraber-s. 

Remittances  may  be  made  al  our  risk  by  Post  Office  Order, 
Posal  Note,  KegistereH  Letter.  Stamps  and  (Canadian  Money  are 
taken,  but  if  sent  in  ordinary  letters  are  at  your  risk.  We  do  not 
advise  you  to  send  raouey  or  stamps  without  rtgisteriug.  See  instruc 
lions  on  page  12. 

Keeelptfi.— We  send  a  receipt  for  all  money  sent  us.  If  you  do 
not  hear  from  us  in  a  reasonable  time,  wrii*  again. 

Addresses.— No  matter  how  often  you  have  written  to  us.  please 
always  Eive  your  full  name,  post  office  and  State.  We  have  no  way 
to  find  your  name  except  from  the  address. 

Names  cannot  be  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and  in  full.  If  & 
lady.alwavs  write  it  the  same — not  Mrs.  Samaiitha  Allen  one  time 
and  Mr*.  Josiah  Allen  next.  If  vou  do  not  writ*  Misa  or  Mrs.  before 
your  signature,  do  not   he  offended  if  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Errors.— We  make  them  ;  so  does  every  one.  and  we  «iU  cheerfully 
correct  them  if  vou  wrile  us.  Try  to  write  us  good  namredly,  but  if 
you  cannot,  then  write  to  us  any  way.  Do  not  complain  to  any 
ene  else  or  let  it  pass.  We  waul  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
iny  injustice  we  m.'iy  do. 

ADVElfTISIXG  RATES.- From  l««uo  ot  January. 
1MH5,  to  UeeenibiT,  18H5,  inclusive,  60  tent-*  per  Affutc 
line  each  InMertlon. 

CHILU  BRON.    A:  CO.,   Publishers, 

Mo.  7So  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


OUR   NEW   READERS. 

This  number  will  reach  many  who,  perhaps, 
may  not  have  met  The  Farm  and  Garden  be- 
fore. To  them  we  would  say  The  Farm  and 
Garden,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  a  paper  for  the 
farm  and  garden.  We  have  now  almost  complet- 
ed four  years  of  successful  journalism  and  placed 
The  Farm  and  Garden  in  the  front  rank  of  the 
enterprising  farmers'  papers.  Our  paper  is  a 
sprightly  montlily  of  twenty  pages,  and  gives 
practical  suggestions  upon  every  subject  of  inter- 
est to  the  farmer  and  gardener.  Our  inquiry 
column  is  full  and  practical  and  we  desire  to 
serve  our  readers  in  every  branch  of  the  farmer's 
occupation  and  make  his  home  pleasant.  We 
are  asked  how  we  can  give  so  good  a  paper  as  we 
do  for  the  small  sum  that  our  club  rates  indicate. 
Our  answer  is,  we  work  hard  like  the  farmer, 
early  and  late,  and,  like  the  honest  farmer,  give 
full  measure  for  the  money  we  receive.  Hard- 
working farmers  and  all  others  who  take  an  in- 
terest in  this  work,  will  you  not  send  us  a  club  of 
your  friends  as  subscribers  and  help  us  in  this 
way? 


Remember  a  good  kitchen-garden  should  be  on 
every  farm".  Plant  your  garden  in  long  rows. 
Tend  with  a  horse.  Save  much  hoeing,  and 
have  a  good  garden.  The  horse  will  work  a  gar- 
den cheaper  than  3'ou  can. 


A  certain  Scotchman  says  that  Americans 
boast  of  being  ahead  of  everybody  in  everything, 
of  having  the  finest  soil,  the  finest  climate 
and  the  best  chances  altogether,  a,nd*  still  arc 
a/raid  0/  evert/body.  If  the  last  observation  be 
true,  we  can  see  therein  only  the  eflfect  of  the 
teachings  of  political  demagogues,  with  their 
fanatical  demands  for  ataritT'-as  near  as  possi- 
ble to  the  prohibition  point."  We  can  and  do 
compete  with  the  world.  We  need  not  hide  our- 
selves behind  Chinese  walls.  We  want  to  trade 
(buy  and  sell)  with  every  nation  on  the  globe. 


We  advise  two  new  features  in  grafting,  in  our 
articles  on  that  subject,  viz.:  Shaping  the  graft 
at  the  bud  and  setting  it  with  the  white  wood 
above  the  stock.  These  two  features  we  find,  by 
the  experience  of  thirty  years  in  all  forms  of 
grafting,  to  be  valuable  and  new.  We  never  saw 
them  recommended  before,  and  iiave  tried  them 
for  a  long  time,  and  w^ould  not  graft  any  other 
way.  We  have  tried  maw-y  experiments  in  graft- 
ing, but  the.se  we  claim  to  be  original.  The  first 
feature  of  the  bud  form  of  graft  will  seldom  fail 
to  take,  and  the  second  w^ill  alwstys  make  a 
wound  heal  over  the  soonest.  We  have  often 
had,  in  top-grafting,  the  graft  to  make  a  growth 
of  six  feet,  be  well-branched,  and  one  and  one- 
half  inches  in  diameter. 


We  take  unusual  pains  to  see  that  our  adver- 
tisers are  reliable  men  in  their  line  of  business- 
We  believe  that  an  advertiser  who  does  what  he 
agrees  to  do,  should  be  patronized,  and  we  give 
space  only  to  those  whom  we  believe  to  be  hon- 
orable. 

We  refuse  many  advertisments  from  parties 
whom  we  are  not  sure  are  reliable.  We  believe 
the  plan  a  just  one. 


Drought,  "severe  winter,  and  the  Hessian  fly 
seem  to  have  taken  the  matter  in  hand  to  stiffen 
the  wheat  market  in  the  near  future.  Yet  it  is 
very  unlikely  that  wheat  will  ever  reach  again 
its  former  high  prices.  We  consider  it  mucii 
safer,  with  the  present  outlook,  to  prepare  for 
growing  more  grass  and  corn,  to  be  manufactured 
into  beef,  mutton,  and  pork,  than  to  grow  all 
wheat.  Grain  is  low ;  meat  keeps  up  its  price 
pretty  well. 

It  may  be  asked  how  we  can  afford  to  publish 
a  monthly  paper  so  finely  illustrated,  cut,  and 
trimmed,  ready  for  instant  perusal.  We  never 
did  believe  in  sending  out  a  paper  in  wliich  the 
reader  must  do  what  tlie  publisher  should— cut 
and  trim  the  pages  and  ask  a  double  price,  as  some 
do,  for  a  half  finished  paper.  We  want  the  reader 
always  to  get  the  worth  of  his  money,  and  when 
lie  gets  The  Farm  and  Garden  we  do  not  in- 
tend he  shall  have  to  buy  a  paper  knife,  needles 
and  thread,  and  bind  and  cut  his  paper  before  he 
can  read  it.  The  farnier  has  to  clean  his  wheat 
ready  for  market,  we  say  let  the  publisher  do  the 
same. 


SHALL  WE   BE   ROBBED? 


Popular  errors:— That  any  advertiser  will  give 
you  something  for  nothing,  merely  for  the  fun  of 
giving; 

That  swindling  advertisers  die  very  easy  from 
a  little  exposure  in  the  agricultural  press; 

That  you  can  get  the  work  of  two  men  out  of 
one  man,  who  is  provided  with  one  of  the  much 
advertised  modern  sawing  machines; 

That  farmers  should  be  bashful  and  over-mod- 
est. "  RagamulRns  only  are  modest,"  says  Goethe 
the  great  German  poet.  Don't  take  a  back  scat, 
gentlemen  :  you  are  just  as  good  as  doctors,  law- 
yers, or  politicians ; 

That  it  is  a  waste  to  feed  wheat,  good  nice 
wheat,  to  laying  hens  or  growing  chickens. 


We  see  by  the  Charleston  y^eics  and  O^vripr,  that 
the  Kiowah  phosphate  lands,  embracing  about 
25<)0  acres  situated  about  eight  miles  from  that 
city,  have  been  sold  to  Mr.  R.  L.  Rylance,  a  gen- 
tlemen of  Lancashire,  England.  He  has  also 
leased  several  other  rich  phosphate  properties  in 
that  section,  and  proposes  to  produce  a  large 
amount  of  phosphate  and  sliip  it  all  to  England, 
where  a  company  is  forming  to  take  all  the 
phosphates  offered.  The  phosjibate  should  be 
kept  in  this  country  for  the  benefit  of  the  Amer- 
ican farmer,  to  enrich  his  lands,  and  promote 
his  agriculture  and  not  that  of  a  foreign  cor- 
poration. The.se  phosphate  lands  are  riclj  and 
valuable,  and  would,  if  properly  worked,  enrich 
and  render  fertile  thousands  of  our  acres  and 
make  labor  for  our  citizens  in  developing  our 
country.  Our  agricultural  interests  suffer  from 
the  investment  of  English  capital  wiiit-h  is  now 
used  in  buying  up  our  pasture  lands  by  thous- 
ands of  acres  and  is  fast  monopolizing  all  the 
cattle  lands  to  the  exclusion  of  the  America.i 
herder.  They  are  also  buying  vast  blocks  of  min- 
eral lands,  of  coal  and  iron.  They  al.so  purchased 
large  sections  of  timber  land,  and  now  purchase 
and  lease  our  most  valuable  phosphate  lands. 
All  the  income  from  these  investments  is  at  once 
sent  to  England  and  our  people  receive  no  benefit 
from  the  income.  Should  we  allow  any  one  to 
hold  lands  in  this  country  who  does  not  make  it 
a  home?  While  The  Farm  and  Garden  wel- 
comes all  who  help  build  up  and  improve  our 
country,  whose  home  and  interests  are  ours,  yet 
we  believe  we  should  take  some  steps  to  preventa 
wanton  waste  of  tlie  country. 


NEW  ORLEANS   EXPOSITION. 


Not  many  agricultural  periodicals  dare  to  take 
as  manly  a  position,  in  regard  to  the  antl-oleo- 
margerin  legislation,  as  the  Rural,  when  it  com- 
mends moderation,  "  for  Draconian  laws  cannot 
be  enforced  in  these  modern  days  any  more  than 
in  the  days  of  old."  Our  readers  know  that  the 
Farm  and  Garden  stands  always  ready  to  de- 
fend the  farmers  interests  to  the  last  breath,  as 
far  as  consistent  with  justice  and  fairness.  But 
fairness  is  never  a  comparison  with  fanaticism, 
which  is  the  natural  out-growth  of  ignorance  or 
hypocracy.  We  need  not  blow  into  the  "  prohibi- 
tion horn."  to  convince  our  readers  of  the  sincer- 
ity with  which  we  side  with  tlie  farmer  in  every 
issue,  nor  simulate  a  fanaticism,  of  which  to  be 
guilty,  we  are  neither  unfair  nor  ignorant  enough. 
What  good  shall  we  expect  of  all  laws  which 
must  remain  a  dead  letter?  We  will  not  ques- 
tion the  natural  or  constitutional  right  of  any 
person,  to  manufacture  a  wholesome  butter  sub- 
stitute, out  of  wholesome  materials,  like  clean  beef 
tallow,  or  to  sell,  buy  or  eat  such  an  article  under 
its  proper  designation. 

When  the  Rural  ^'  heartily  commends  every 
judicious  effort  to  restrict  the  sale  of  all  deleteri- 
ous imitations  of  dairy  products,  and  to  prevent 
the  sale  of  all  imitations  or  adulterations  of  but- 
ter and  cheese  under  the  guise  of  fffnuiAc  articles, 
we  can  but  respond  with  a  hearty  Amen.  In  our 
last  February  number  we  demanded  laws  which 
would  enforce  "cleanliness  in  the  manufacture 
and  honesty  in  the  sale  of  butter  substitutes," 
and  now  we  have  only  to  add  that  the  penalties 
which  the  legislators  of  the  different  states  may 
attach  to  the  violation  of  such  laws,  will  please 
us  the  more  severe  they  are.  j 


We  were  of  course  at  the  Exposition,  and  had 
one  of  the  most 'pleasant  mid-winter  trips  that 
could  be  taken.  To  see,  in  January,  trees  ladeii 
with  oranges,  and  flowers  in  bloom,  while  snow 
and  ice  locked  in  winter's  gnisp  the  frozen 
Nortli.  The  Exposition  is  a  wonderful  display  of 
our  progress  in  agriculture  and  the  Arts.  The 
buildings  are  large;  the  main  building  alone 
covers  thirty-three  acres,  and  the  other  buildings 
nearly  as  much  more.  We  were  pleased  with  the 
warm  welcome  extended  to  us  by  the  Southern 
people,  and  it  seemed  that  to  meet  them  was  to 
meet  cordial  and  obliging  friends.  We  received 
on  all  sides  a  hearty  welcome.  The  exhibits  are 
extensive  and  varied,  no"  one  can  describe  them. 
We  could  not  fail  to  witness  among  the  various 
fine  State  exhibits,  the  enormous  productive 
powers  of  the  Northwest.  The  display  of  their 
vast  resources  was  looked  upon  with  astonish- 
ment by  every  beholder.  We  hope  all  our  read- 
ers, who  can,  will  visit  the  exposition  and  enjoy 
the  same  pleasure  we  did, 

CUTTING  THE  SEED.* 

Single  Ej/e.    Drs.  Sturfevatd  and   Tein-y.     TieedS 

Resulting  from  dij^crent  Amounts  of  Seed. 

Reliable  Tests. 

"Various  theories  have  been  advanced  and  vari- 
ous methods  of  cutting  the  seed  recommended. 
One  of  the  latest  of  these,  and  widely  practiced 
because  the  most  ably  defended,  is //(eo/te-e^e^^s- 
tem,  as  advocated  by  Dr.  Sturtevant,  of  the  New 
York  Experimental  Station,  and  baptised,  **  Cut- 
ting from  North-east  to  South-west,"  by  B.  F. 
Terry,  its  most  enthusiastic  champion. 

Figure  1  explains  Dr.  Sturtevant's  discovery. 
Each  bud  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  connecting 
it  with  its  source  of  nutriment  in  the  middle  of 
the  tuber.  The  dotted  lines  indicate  how  the 
tuber  should  be  cut  in  order  to  supply  each  eye 
with  a  share  of  this  most  important  interior  sub- 
stance, in  other  words,  to  leave  a  reasonable 
amount  of  root  to  each  coral  branch. 

Dr.  Sturtevant's  statement,  to  the  effect  that 
mercliantable  tubers  cut  in  this  manner,  have 
yielded  him  six  times  as  much  as  eyes  cut  shal- 
low, four  times  as  much  as  those  cut  in  the  ordi- 
nary manner,  and  twice  as  mucli  as  potatoes 
planted  whole,  and  Terry's  and  other  writer's 
reports,  have  done  m.uch  towards  popularizing 
that  method. 


*  From  new  book  by  ' 
Potatoes." 


Joseph,"  entitled,  "  Money  in 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


Our  own  experiments  during  a  series  of  years, 
faithfully  and  persistently  repeated  on  ditlcrent 
soils  and  under  different  conditions,  tiave  long 
since  forced  us  to  abandon  our  former  partiality 
for  light  seeding,  and  to  accept  the  inference  that 
the  cry  "  too  much  seed,"  raised  by  some  writers, 
and  resulting  in  the  popular  error  of  using  an 
InsufBcient  amount  of  seed,  together  with  the 
check-row  system,  is  the  chief  cause  of  the  low 
average  of  the  potato  yield,  which  is  but  a  frac- 
tion above  eighty-flve  bushels  to  the  acre.  We 
have  not  held  back  with  our  views.  Our  cries  of 
warning  have  sounded  through  the  Agricultural 
press  repeatedly. 

If  Dr.  Sturtevant,  Terry,  et  al.,  who,  under  pe- 
culiar circumstances,  (on  lands  containing  an 
e-^cess  of  ammonia),  or  with  peculiar  knack, 
have  made  the  one-eye  system  a  success  in  their 
hands,  now  wish  to  induce  the  common  farmer 
to  adopt  this  sy.stem  for  his  common  farm  soils, 
they  proclaim  a  mischievous  doctrine,  which  can 
only  result  in  a  further  decrease  of  this  low  aver- 
age yield.  Meaning  well,  tliey  do  great  harm. 
Tiiey  are  the  false  prophets,  whose  teachings,  in 
tils  respect,  we  hear  but  not  heed,  while  in  many 
other  respects  we  listen  to  them  with  the  ears  of 
the  faithful. 


be  improved  by  Judicious  trimming  at  an  early 
period.  The  tops  may  be  cut  oil  above  the  seed- 
leaves,  thus  forcing  out  the  laterals,  and  the 
plants  will  attain  a  lower  and  more  compact 
bushy  growth,  greatly  preferable  to  the  usual 
style. 

Tender  vegetables  should  not  be  planted  too 
early.  Remember  the  frosts  towards  the  last  of 
Mav  of  the  past  year. 

Damage  from  late  frosts,  however,  can  often  be 
prevented  by  setting  a  few  heaps  of  old  rubbish, 
corn  stalks,  weeds,  grape-wood,  brush,  Ac,  on  Are 
late  at  night,  thus  filling  the  atmosphere  with  a 
cloud  of  smoke. 

+ 

Now  take  up  your  cuttings  of  currants,  goose- 
berries, quinces,  etc..  which  were  buried  in  sand 
in  the  cellar,  and  plant  them  in  nursery  rows. 
The  top  bud  only  should  be  left  out  of  the 
ground.  Grape  cuttings,  however,  should  not  be 
planted  before  the  soil  has  become  warm. 

4- 
The  easiest  and  quickest  way  to  sow  onion  seed, 
is  with  a  garden  drill,  (Mathews).    If  you  have 
none,  and  cannot  borrow  one  from  your  neigh- 
bor, I  advise  soaking  the  seed  in  tepid  water  lor 


and  grow  eractly  as  well  and  as  large,  as  if  they 
were  growing  one  every  two  Inches. 

Do  not  forget  to  mix  a  few  radish  seeds  with 
onion,  parsnip,  carrot,  and  all  other  seeds  which 
germinate  slo\\ly.  Tlie  radishes  come  up  quick 
and  even  to  indicate  the  rows,  thus  enabling  you 
to  use  hoe  and  cultivator  early. 


RARE  AND  BEAUTIFUL  ROSES  AS  PREMIUMS 

^  m.  MOST  PLEASING  AND   ACCEPTABLE  OFFER  TO  THE  READERS 

OF  -THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN." 

1-jO.OOO  persons  will  sec  this  paper-  "'"'  'f  "s"  can  iiirluce 

.v.i  V  one  .if  them  lo  trv  our   lirHiltiful   Ever-Kloorn- 

iim  Uoseo,  w.- simll   be  well  repaid   for  our  offorts.    ()ur 

i:ver-beHrin«   Roses   are   quick,  eleuunl,  nii.l  Pfo""^ 

In  liloom,  anil  wi-  Imvc  so  arranijeil  lliese  ciilli-clliins  inai 

eaili  hush  vou  will  receive  will  be  of  u  diflereiit  vaneiy. 

Unlike  niiinv  mailing  plants,  ours,  if  set  out   early,  win 

klv  hlooiu,  having  hardy  Tools  ami  not  having  neen 

ii'iadu  lender  by  forcing  in  unnatural  heat. 

We  wish  to  multiply  our  list  by  four,  as  well  as 

to  induce  every  one    who  geU  this  paper  to  lane 

it.  therefore  me  make  these 

UNEQUALLED  OFFERS: 

24   FINE   ROSES  AND    "FARM 
AND  GARDEN  "  1  year  for  $2.00. 
flSTFOi  iJ  si-i.i:m)ii)  <u-i-i:ks:  t "':  ,^.<;;''!" 

CenlN    ui-   will    M-nil    free,   by  niuil,    K)I  11  Kv- 
er>ltln<MiiinE  Hose  rlnnlH.  of  new  vnrielies.  each 
iihinl  iliniTeiil.and  of  a    dilll-reiit  eolor.  and  one 
Xvnr'o  «Mb«crii.Iioii  toTTIP:  l-AUM  AM>  <i.\UI>KN. 
Fur  Sl.(»«  WI-  will  ^enll  IVee.  by  mall.  EMJIIT  I-nie 
KveV-Hlooniilt  Hose  pinnls  and  TIIK  1-AK.M  AM) 
HAKDKN  one  tear.     Fur  a  ilnh  Four  yearly  sub- 
scribers ul  •2.'5  cents  encli.  wi.  will  give  as  a  preml- 
■ini,  FCH'K  Kver-biooniiuB  Koses.    For  a  club  ol 
Fifteen  \enrly  subscribers  nl  •J.'5  rents  eneh, 
we  will  givf  FIFTEEN  Ever-IHooinlnB  Roses. 

The    nnmes   ol"    varieties     are   uivc each 

plain,  and  plain  directions  for  cuUure  sent  with 
them,  so  that  no  one  need  be  without  benutllul 
flowers.  Order  now.  and  set  them  out  in  pols. 
It  will  strengthen  Ihe  roots  lor  uutMloor  growth. 
AHUKKSS 

PUII  n    DDHC     ft  rn     Publishers  ol  Ihe  FARM  AND  GAROCN, 
UnlLU    DnUO.  S  l<U.,j.j.-i   pilberl   St..  IMiilad-n.  I'a. 


OUR  SUBSCRIBERS'   OPINIONS. 

Mary  J.  Wells,  Cowles.  Neb.  :  "  I  think  The  Fabm 
A>-D  Garden  is  just  splendid." 

Robert  Edgecombe.  Parson,  Kan.:  "We  are  well 
pleased  with  your  paper.    It  is  brimtul. 

Northern  Nursery  Co..  Traer,  Iowa:  "We  consider 
The  Fahm  and  Oarden  a  Hrsl-class  paper. 

Mrs.  C.  Wineland,  Bryan.  Ohio:  "Your  paper  is  a  wel- 
come visitor.     I  send  you  twelve  subscribers. 

I  D  Baines.  Marthaville,  La. :  "  All  men  and  women 
who  are  farmers,  should  take  yOur  valuable  paper. 

James  Bassett,  Miles,  Washington  Territory  :  "  I  "ke 
your  paper  better  than  some  that  cost  three  times  as 
much." 

Mrs  M.  A.  Ames,  Marinette,  Wis  :  "  I  find  your  pa- 
pers very  interesting,  and  will  take  good  care  to  keep 
them  all." 

Mary  H.  Bell,  Plattsburg.  Mo.:  "I  like  The  FARM 
AND  Oarden  very  much  and  feel  that  I  can  hardly  get 
along  without  it." 

Mrs.  M,  A.  iSnyder,  Barnlmrdfs  Mills,  Pa. :  "I  take 
plea-ture  in  reading  The  Farm  and  Garden,  antl  tmilK 
It  a  valuable  magazine." 

Mrs  C.  B.  Sears.  La  Houda.  Cal. :  '  I  do  not  want  to 
lose  my  paper  for  one  month,  as  my  family  are  very 
much  interested  in  it." 

Will  K.  Plttawav,  Miles  (Jrove,  Pa. :  "  X  will  get  as 
manv  names  as  lean,  lor  your  paper  deserves  a  gooa 
round  number  of  isubscribers." 

W  n.  Klser,  Winterset.  Iowa  :  "  To  take  The  Farm 
AND  Garden  means  a  considerable  amount  ot  informa- 
tion for  a  very  small  consideration." 

(Mton  Belt,  itemphis,  Tenn. :  "  The  absence  of  the  old 
reliable  Farm  and  Garden  Irom  our  table  deprives  iis 
of  one  of  our  most  valuable  sources  of  agriculture  lulor- 
mation." 

G  K  stiiva'll.  Mcfov,  Ore.  :  "  I  consider  the  papers 
verv  nri-ciiius  and  never  was  so  well  pleased  with  a  pa- 
per'oV  lis  kind  in  my  life.  Everybody  here  that  has 
seen  it  is  pleased." 

"The  good  Farm  and  Gardes  must  come  to  S.  R. 
Smilh  B-s  long  as  he  can  get  the  twenty-live  cents  and  he 
would  take  a  "  Buck  .Saw  and  saw  wood  at  night  after 
his  day's  work  was  done  belore  he  would  go  «"™j'!f,J.'- 

E.  B.  French,  Babylon.  L.  I..  N.  Y. :  "F-,r  a  year  I 
have  enloveil  the  perusal  of  The  Farm  and  Garden. 
It  Is  n  If  gi'iid  things,  always  suggestive  and  never 
stale  I!e.<l  of  all.  It  Is  evidently  controlled  by  men  of 
sound  nii.ral  principle  who  do  not  seem  to  crave  the  lu- 
cre of  hunil.iiigery  and  fraudulent  advertisers,  "i  our 
liheralitv  is  in  the  highest  degree  commendable.  I  en- 
closH  tliV-  nini.-^  of  l.iur  subsi-ribers.  I  wish  I  could  say 
ahmidrc.l.  1  ,dit  lb.- agricultural  deparlnieiil  "1  'lie 
_B,i,(,;,f,  and  among  all  our  exchanges  I  pi.sllivcly  hnd 
none  1  i-iijov  more  than  your  little  magazine.  Sjpi'ed  the 
izo.id  work  '  Count  on  me  as  a  friend,  and  1  will  speak  a 
good  word  for  The  Farm  and  Garden  whenever  I 
can." 


FARMERS'    HOME   GARDEN. 

stewed  half-grown  gooseberries  make  an  e.icel- 
lent  sauce.  I  and  my  family,  also  like  them 
fresh  from  the  bush  when  ripe.  I  am  well  pleased 
with  "  Smith  Improved.  "  It  makes  a  very  strong 
growth,  and  yields  heavy  crops  of  large  fruit. 
+ 

Cuthbert,  Hansel,  or  other  kinds  of  Red  rasp- 
berries may  be  preferable  in  some  localities.  I 
have  the  Turner  (Southern  Thornless),  which  is 
.very  hardy  liere.  .\  few  short  hedge  rows  give  us 
a  heap  of  fruit,  annually,  and  we  have  no  desire 
to  chenge  for  any  other  variety. 

There  is  no  variety  of  raspberry  that  I  would 
part  with  more  reluctantly  than  Shaffer's  Colos- 
sal, with  its  mammoth  canes  and  mammoth 
berries.  Perhaps  not  proiitable  for  market,  un- 
less local,  it  is  magnitlcent  for  home  use.  A  few- 
bushes  will  supply  a  family  with  fresh  berries 
during  a  number  of  weeks. 
+• 

Fay's  Prolific  still  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list 
of  currants.    We  want  no  other. 

The  family  garden  should  be  free  from  stumps 
and  boulders.  Dynamite  is  now  cheap,  and  if 
such  stumps,  etc.  are  in  your  way,  a  few  pounds 
of  the  explosive  will  soon  clear  them  out.  But 
fooling  will  not  do  in  this  case.  Ten  one-pound 
charges,  fired  oil'  one  after  another,  might  not 
malie  the  lca,st  impression  on  a  large  rock,  while 
a  single  three-iiound  charge  would  blow  it  to 
atoms.  It  is  essential  for  the  performance  ol 
good  work  to  use  that  amount  of  dynamite 
which  is  sufUcient  to  have  the  desired  elTect  at 
the  first  pop ;  otherwise,  at  least  in  case  of  stumps, 
the  whole  job  may  be  spoiled. 

By  far  the  greater  part  of  tomato  plants  grown 
for  sale,  are  tall  and  over-grown  things.  But  few 
-rowers  seem  to  know  how  much  the  plants  cm 


a  day  or  two,  then  mixing  with  dry  plaster,  to 
dry  oflrthe  surface,  and  planting  a  pinch  of  seed 
(.5or  6),  every  eight  inches  in  the  row.  The  onions 
come  up  in  little  clusters,  far  enough  apart  to 
admit  a  hix?  between  them.  A  great  deal  of  hand 
labor  is  thereby  saved,  and  the  onions  spread  out 


An  Ih  is  paper  will  reach  many  who  are  strnngers 
to  IIS,  we  refer  all  ivho  doubt  our  willingness  and 
ahili'ti/  lo  carry  out  our  promises,  lo  be  follomng 
well-known  firms :— Jus.  Virk,  Seedsmnn,  Roch- 
ester N  Y ■  Wm-  H.  Maule,  Seedsman,  Phila- 
delphia', Pa;  V.  H.  IMIoekj  Son  Ik.  Thorpe, 
Xurserymen,  Queens,  \.  Y;  C.  W.  Dorr, 
&  Co.,  Seedsmen,  Vrs  Muiucs,  Iowa. 


KkNSAS  and  HEBRASKA  Landi.    Rich,  chea;,  new  railroad.    CE>D  to  KINC  &  p°::J^S»^l»0»MZ*MMiif'^ 
lead  lor  man  and  lltl.    J.  A.  HKNT.  Wlienion,  111.     "    and  PrIceList  ol    CU»TOW   HAHD-WAUt   wwnna. 


CORN 


Tboromtlibred  Corn  niiil  SqiinsU  Seeds 

Ciiriihtrs  atirl  Snmplft  FREE. 
JEFT>  A  CO..  Awhb>.  .^Iii^wncliusett- 

MODEL  BEE  HIVE  COMPANY, 

Cor.  ol' .5-2(1  and  Jell'erson  .sis.,  I'liiln..  I»n.. 

Wants  the  address  of  Bic  Keepers  interesleil  m  Bees, 
Hives,  and  in  want  of  Bei-  Fixings.  Send  your  address 
on  postal  card  f,>r  our  I'rice-list.  now  ready  to  mail. 


Qfl  A  T5   Lice,  Ticks,  Mange.  Cure  Warranted.  Send 
SWAA)  stamp  to  T.  W.  Lawford.  Baltimore.  Md. 


SHORTHAND;^';;.^fi';;r';e^,iX: 
iluntious  procured  for  pupils  when  competent, 
end  for  Circular.  W.  li.  CHAFFEE.  Oswego.N.  \. 

ril.OU  Al.  \VORI..n. superb,  ill'sfd.?!  monthly  free 
■  1  year  Now  for  this  ad.  and  •J4c.  Hlgblainl  Park.  111. 


SEED  POTATOES,  Seed  grain  of  many  choice  varieties  offered 
now  tor  the  Orst.    OUalosue /rtt.  Alfred  Ko»e,  Fenn  Van,  N.  Y. 

1  Million  Cranberry  Plants,  t^^.t%lK^^?. 

2  otber  things.    *:"'"l"t'!lJ  "1&*/,AI'I'  FKl  ITS 
free.     I.  A:  J.  I"   liEONARD.  lona,  N.  J. 


How  TO  Preserve  Flowers. 

GIVEN  TREE  TO  PURCHASERS  OF  PLANTS,  BULBS.  iC, 

tiiiniogae    f  HIPPARD,  Younqstowi},  Ohio. 

F  K  K  K^ — 


THE  BIGGEST  THING  OUT  '^yifNTJIi^'?:?'' 

mew  K.  N.VSIIX  &  CO..  f20  Fiitun  ^t..  New  'i  iiBK. 

Vnilklft  MrU  Leaj-n  Teleeinplii  or  SIIOUT 
YDUNU  IVlbn  hand,  situations  lumlshed.  send  lor 
terms.    Com,  and  K.  It.  Tel.  Colleee.  Ann  Arbor.  Wlc>. 


100  ^;^Ti^^^^^:^,<^^^^;^ 

THO>I.\S  S.  CLARK.  IXIVER.  Pfel.AWARE. 


Brackets  choice  FLOWER  SEEDS.  I  Oe.    5  Pai-kets  VEGE- 
TABLE  SEED,  10c.  postpaid.  J.  .1.  BELL.  W  lndsor■^.Y. 

nnTATnre   naUotu  Red.  Onrfl.ld.  State  of  Maine. 
POTATOtSe     Oran..,     Ka»nbcrrle.s     anrt     »tr«w. 

b."l'"'i"^ii^'ilt''  "K'<''>^TO«-      (■.niilarsfrec. 

O.    H.    ALEXANDER,  Charlotte.  \  ermont. 


Kealest.  Best,  and  sells  for  10  Cents. 

MyaKtnlsare  making  f.1  to  $20  per  day. 

Descriptive  Circnlara.  Terms  to  Agenta, 

4c.,  Free.    Sample  IMng,  10 cts     Box  638. 

Geo.  tv.  Jofson.  Mfr.,  Merlden,  Conn. 


ROBINSON  iL  CO.,  RICHMOND,  IND. 
BUILD  TRACTION  and  PORTABLE 
ENGINES,  THRESHERS,  SAW  MILLS, 
Sec.  CIRCULAR  FREE.  AGENTS  WANTED. 


1  FLORIDA  I 


GOOD  WACES  •,;v»;s«7 
To  Successful  Snlesmen.  For  terms,  address, 
T,  B.  Jenkins.  Nii.-ocrvman.  KocUester.  I<.  i. 


ST\TK    :ilAPS  AND  FACT.S 
Foii    srTTI.EHS.    Land  List. 

^-«A'L3'o'LTiN7b^r?'rcE^"w«oo.rL«. 


SONGS 


180  comic  4  sentimental  songs 
for  TEN  CENTSi  catalogue  ot 
Musical  Goods.^rM.  I.yiin  «fc  to 
?e9  Broadway,  New  Yorit- 


THE   FARM  AND   GARDEN 


FiGUKE  1.— Matted  How  and  Hill  System. 


Sti^awbbi^i^ies. 


'  ^' Small  fruits  to  people  in  the  country,  are  like 
Heaven,  objects  of  universal  desire  and  very  general 
neglect.''— 'i^.  P.  Hoe. 

*'  Doubtless  God  could  have  made  a  better  fruit 
than  the  strawberry,  but  doubtless  God  never  did." 
—Dr.  Boteler. 

This  issue,  being  our  Annual  Strawberry  Num- 
ber, contains  tlie  tollowing  articles  on  tlie  subject 
of  this  luscious  small-lruit :—  ..      „  , 

The  Preparation  of  the  Soil;  soil;  Botany  of 
the  Strawberry;  EttVcts  of  (.'ross-Fertilization; 
Hill  Culture;  Fertilizers;  Irrigation;  Trans- 
planting ;  Picking  and  Marketing ;  V  aneties. 

SOILS. 

The  strawberry  is  more  uniformly  successful  in 
all  soils  than  any  other  fruit.  It  appears  more 
at  home,  provided  manure  and  moisture  are 
present,  than  any  plant  we  cultivate.  Tlie  straw- 
berry will  do  very  well  in  wet  land,  if  it  is  culti- 
vated in  narrow  beds  with  furrows  deep  enough 
to  hold  the  standing  water.  The  crowns  of  the 
l)l:int  must  be  kept  above  standing  water  or  the 
liliuit  will  drown  out.  With  narrow  bed  culture, 
w<-t  lands  will  produce  fine  berries.  Even  shift- 
ing sands  will,  witn  proper  culture,  yield  rich 
returns  of  excellent  fruit.  The  best  soil  is  one 
moderately  moist  mot  wet)  and  friable  enough  to 
allow  tlie  berries  to  root  easily,  for  no  plant  loves 
a  well  cvrltivated  and  friable  soil  as  much  as  the 
strawberry.  A  noted  strawberry  grower  says 
a  soil  that  will  produce  good  timothy  will  pro- 
duce good  berries.  So  it  undoubtedly  will,  and 
so  will  lands  too  light  in  character  to  grow 
timothy  or  other  grasses. 


PREPARATION    OF  SOIL. 

Much  labor  may  be  saved  in  cultivation  by 
sc'lecting  land  that  has  been  long  in  cultivation  ; 
land,  where  all  seeds  of  red  and  white  clover, 
^rcen  and  Itlue  grass,  and  perennial  grasses  have 
been  eradi<-aled.  These  grasses  we  mention  are 
very  tnmblesome  to  destroy.  They  will  take 
root  after  the  fending  of  the  berries  is  finished 
grow  a  great  height  before  the  berries  ripen,  and 
will  seriously  injure  the  crop.  They  cannot 
be  removed  until  after  the  picking,  and 
then  they  have  grown  to  such  a  height,  and  are 
matted  so  thoroughly,  that  their  removal  is  very 
<iifficult.  For  tiiis  reason  we  mention  the  pre- 
vious preparation  of  soil.  The  thorough  eradica- 
tion of  these  grasses  is  desirable.  Care  should 
also  be  used  not  to  apply  any  manure  or  mulch 
that  eontains  foul  seeds  of  clover  or  grasses. 
Harn-vard  manures  should  be  composted  with 
poiasii  salts  before  using,  which  will,  if  properly 
applied,  destroy  all  tlie  seeds  in  the  compost,  and 
toe  useful  as  a  fertilizer  also.     ' 


BOTANY    OF    THE    STRAWBERRY. 

It  may  not  be  known  to  some  of  our  readers 
that  all  plants  are  bisexual,  except  a  few  plants 
called  Cryptogams.  Most  plants  are  perfect,  or 
that  is,  iilants  that  have  both  stamens  and  pis- 
tils perfect  in  all  the  flow- 
ers. The  Wilson  and 
Sharpless  a  r  e  of  this 
class,  and  are  hermaph- 
rodite, or  perfect-flower- 
ing, while  in  the  Man- 
cliester.  Crescent,  and 
others,  the  siamens  are 
abortive  or  wanting,  and 
such  berries  are  called 
pistillate  ben-ries.  T  h  e 
pistils  are  the  female 
parts  of  the  flower;  thev 
spring  from  the  seed  of  the  berry,  one  from  ea<*h 
.  seed,  are  about  a  line  in  length,  and  are  found 
in  the  centre  of  the  flower.  Figure  12  gives  a  tlower 
where  there  are  only  pistils  present.  Figure  8 
shows  the  same  flower  cut  in  sections.  Such 
flowers  as  those  of  pistillate  berries,  like  the 
Manchester,  Crescent,  and  others,  will  not  bear 
fruit  unless  astaminate  plant,  as  the  Wilson  or 
*Sharpless,  is  planted  near  to  fertilize  them.  This 
iis  done  by  the  stamens  of  the  flowers  which  are 


Figure  2. 


Figure  3. 


shown  in  Figure  4.  and  in  cross-section  of  Figure 

o,  where  the  stamens  are  seen    in    an  outward 

circle  around  the    pistils    in  the  centre  of  the 

flower.  These  stamens  pro- 
duce a  kind  of   yellow  dust 

called  pollen,  and  when  a  bee, 

or  other  insect,  in  search  of 

honey,  crawls  over  the  flower 

some  of  the  pollen  clings  to 

the  bee,  and  is  lodged  *m  the 

pistils  ol    the  flf>wer.     The 

flower  is  then  perfeeted.     A 

portion  of  the  pollen  which 

still  adheres    to  the  bee,  is 

carried  to  those  plants  which 

aiN-  flerteient  in  staiiirns,  and 

hence,  also,  in  ]iollcn,  when 

at  once  t lie  same  ferl  ilization 

takes  place  as  it  did   in   the  former' case.     The 

reader  will  see,  were  it  not  for  the  bee  and  the 

stamens  of  the  perfect  blossoms  of  staminate  ber- 
ries, the  pistillate  berries 
would  be  barren,  and 
would  not  produce  under 
any  circumstance.  Such 
varieties  oitt*n  fail  to  pro- 
duce fair  berries  for  want 
of  a  surtieient  number  of 
perfect  flowering  varie- 
ties near  them.  When 
they  are  planted  four 
to  one,  the  fertilization 
will  be  complete,  and  an 
abundant  crop  of  perfect 
berries  will  be  produced. 
The  question  will  be 
pistillate  kinds  at  all,"  We 
the  pistillate  berries  are   the 

most   productive    and    valuable  varieties  when 

properly    fertilized,   and    are    among   the    most 

p  roll  table." 


Figure  4. 

asked,  "why  plant 

answer,  '*  many  of 


THE    EFFECTS  OF  CROSS-FERTILIZATION. 


The  Farm  A-NnffAUDEN  was  the  first  Agricul- 
tural paper  to  give  pnmiinence  to  the  important 
erteets  of  cross-fertilization  of  strawberries.  In 
January,  1S.S4,  our  gifted  contributor,  Mr.  J.  T. 
Lovett,  first  brought  the  subject  prominently 
to  the  notice  of  the  hor- 
ticultural public.  The 
subject  is  now  of  much 
interest  to  all  fruitgrow- 
ers. Mr.  F u  1 1  e r,  some 
years  ago,  alluded  to 
the  fact  that  there  was 
a  \ariati<in  of  berries 
whert-  tlit-re  was  aeross- 
lertili/.ation,  but  it  re- 
main.-d  fur  Mr.  Lovett 
to  rull>- demonstrate  the 
inlUu-nec  ol  varit-tit-s  on 
each  other  when  j. Ian trd  FioureS. 

together,  as  he  did  lully  'first  in  The  Farm  and 
U.\RL)EX  of  last  year.  Many  deny  there  is  any 
influence  at  all  exerted  by  pollenlzation,  and  it 
was  a  fertile  subject  of  discussion  at  the  recent 
meeting  of  the  Mississippi  VaUev  Horticultural 
Society,  at  New;Orleans.     Wm.  Parry,  of  Parry, 


N.  J.,  claims  he  has  observed  the  effects  of  cross- 
fertilization  fully  marked  in  pears,  and  many 
others  claim  the  same  of  other  fruits.  There  are 
also  very  many  who  deny  any  such  efl'ects,  and 
attribute  all  the  changes  noticed  to  difference  in 
cultivation.  We  find,  by  intercourse  with  many 
practical  strawberry  growers,  and  from  reports  of 
the  various  horticultural  societies  we  receive. 
that  the  tact  appears  to  bo  well  established  that 
changes  (lo  occur  by  eross-ft  rtilization,  that  fully 
atlccl  tlie  size  tlavor  and  general  character  of  the 
fruit.  The  reader  will  read  elsewhere  in  this 
paper,  the  diflerence  in  the  sexual  organs  of  the 
strawl:>erry,  and  tliat  while  some  are  perfect 
flowering,  like  the  Wilson,  Hovey,  and  others, 
yet.  there  is  a  large  class  which  need,  like  the 
Trescent,  Manchester,  and  many  more,  to  be 
planted  near  the  others,  or  they  will  fail  to 
[.roduce  perfect  berries,  or  entirely  fail  to 
liniduce  at  all.  The  Wilson  will,  as  fertilizer, 
with  pistillate  varieties,  make  a  firm  berry  and 
will  carry  well.  Let  the  Sliarpless  be  used,  and  a 
larger  berry  will  bi-  ])rodueed  l)y  the  cross,  but  at 
the  exi)enseorthe  tirniness.  A  well-known  grower 
of  strawberries,  sin i wed  us  some  niws  < if  the  Man- 
chester in  which  every  fourth  plant  was  a  Sharp- 
less,  aTid  iiil<irnied  us  that  the  Manchester  was  so 
ehaiiu^ed  by  the  Shjirplcss  in  its  size.  shap4'  and 
color,  iliut  liuy  were  all  picked  and  s<ild  togetlier 
forShaniless,  and  were  to  all  appearance  Sharp- 
less,  lie  liad  all  the  bearing  qualities  of  the 
Manchester  <-onibined  with  size,  color  and  shape 
of  the  siuirpless.  Director  Lazenby,  of  Ohio  Ex- 
perimental station,  in  experiments  with  cross- 
fertilization,  has  found  in  every  instance  a 
marked  resemblance  in  shape,  size,  color  and 
general  ajipearanee  t<»  the  truit  of  the  male  parent. 
SostrouLTly  was  this  marked,  that  he  states  that 
the  cross-bred  berries  liore  no  resemblance  to  the 
female  parent.  Crescents  were  tertilized  with 
four  ditt'erent  varieties — <'um)iei!and,  James 
\'ick,  Charles  Downing  and  Sharidess.  Fertil- 
ized b.v  the  Cumberland,  the  berries  were  light 
in  color  and  soft;  with  the  Vicks,  small  but  firm; 
with  the  Downing,  they  were  similar  to  the 
Downing,  with  thi-  <-liaraeteristic  gloss  of  that 
berry;  with  the  Sbari>less,  they  were  large  like 
the  Sharpless,  and  irregular.  He  also  experimen- 
ted with  the  Manchester,  with  the  same  results 
as  with  the  Crescent. 

T.  T.  Lyon,  of  Van  Buren,  Michigan,  In  a  letter 
to  the  Jiin'al  JVeio  Yorkvr,  disclaims  lielief  in  any 
marked  degree  of  effiect  in  pollen izat  ion,  and  says 
that  the  Crescent  remains,  wit li  iiini,  the  same 
soft,  insipid  berr.v,  whether  fertilized  by  the  Wil- 
son, Eidwell,  Sharpless  or  Miner,  and  says  the 
same  of  other  varieties  n*^  has  ti'sied  in  cross- 
fertilization.  He  claims  soil  aiiC  cu'livjition  will 
a<ci.unt  l>»r  the  changes  supposed  to  be  produced 
by  cross-fertilization.  There  is  a  possibilit.v  that 
Mr.  Lyon  may  be  misled,  from  the  fact,  as  ob- 
served by  Mr.  J.  B.  Rogers,  of  Millbmm,  N.  J., 
that  some  of  the  pistillate  berries,  in  rich  soils, 
become  fertile  and  self-fertilizing,  and  s\ieh  ma.v 
be  the  the  case  with  Mr.  Lyon,  and  his  lierries 
may  not  be  cross-bred  at  all.  So  far.  it  appears  to 
us,  tlie  proof  that  cross-fertilization  does  afl'ect 
strawberries,  as  asserted,  seems  to  rest  on  a  good 
foundation,  and  will  be  advisable  for  our  readers 
to  make  a  note  of  it. 


FERTILIZERS. 


The  strawberry  wants  two  things  in  abundance, 
miiiinrr  wmX  nafrr.  The  ground  cannot  be  made 
too  rich  and  productive.  Potash  and  phosphate, 
es]H-ciaIl.\M>otash,  are  specific  manures  for  straw- 
bi-rries.  They  never  seem  to  know  when  they 
get  enough  of  them.  Barn-yard  and  stable  ma- 
nures contain  them  all,  and  can  safel.y  be  used  in 
any  quantity.  The  more  you  use  of  them  the 
iriore  t  lie  profit.  The  last  load  in  all  cases  paying 
better  than  tlie  preceding  one.  Where  there  is  a 
scarcity  of  stable  and  barn-yard  manures,  ashes 
and  the  various  i>otash  salts  are  next  in  value 
when  applied  Avith  txmc-dust.  The  high-grade 
sulphate— Hfi  per  <-ent.— we  like  best,  then  the  mu- 
riate, antl  the  i-onunon  form  of  kainit. 

The  projicr  time  for  application  is,  when. used 
largely,  belore  the  plants  are  set.  One  ton  per 
acre  of  ])otash  salts  and  one  of  bone-du^t  will  be 
found  useful.  The  bone-dust  can  be  soww  broad- 
cast, after  setting  the  berries,  but  before  is  prefer- 
able. The  use  of  potash  ferlilizers,  alter  setting, 
must  be  in  small  (luaiitities— say  two  or  three 
hundred  pounds  per  acre,  and  alter  each  rain 
again  applied.  By  this  manner  of  applying  the 
potash  salts  all  danger  of  burning  the  plants  by 


RASPBERRY  pliint.-^  $3,  Ciith- 

-       ^  bert    SI,    Souhegnn    ^1.50    per 

liiiiidred.     Early    Harve?i)l    Blnckherrv    Jfi^'i 

per  hundred.   Address  L.  P.  WHEELER.  Quincy,  III. 


IJlfl  Strawberry  PIniirs  $1.00.    TunicU  Potato  and 
x*J*J  seeds.   Stock  warranted.  T.  C.  Barnes.  ColllnsvlMe,  Ct. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 


Mi.st  nflheiiew  and 
T.V  PROLIFIC  RASPB 
ilatoes.      C 


tsi-ud  fur  prir 


-lisi. 


laTnl:i[(i  VHrieties.  EAR- 
IK  K  ^'.    Tweiirv  varieiit-s 

BURRouGH,  C!r.;!'N."i: 


I  have  this  season  the  Finest  Stock  of 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

ever  grown  at  SUNNVSIDK  NURSERY. 

Catalogue  I  C'HAS.  S.  PKATT. 

sent  free.  I  NORTH  READING.  MASS. 


■51^%  RCDDirQaiid  '"'"'l/'"'""  can  be 
^^1  W  m  Utnni  EiO  grown  if  v"  follow  our 
■■^  ■  ^^  method.  Free  Catalogue  describes  all 
varieties.    HALE  BROS..  So.  Glastonbury,  Conn 


SEE  MY  $5.00  IjIST  OF 

SMALL  FRUITS  f#ilv 

An  exceedlnirly  liberal  offer.    \Uf.  a  lar:;e  a-sortm'-nt  «T  all  the 
Aew  and   Standard    Small   FrultM  and   Grape  VInet*   ai 

popuhtrpncen.   llluHtrtited  I^CMorlptlvu  raiiili.ciu-  free,  Aiidra 

H    R    nnRNPY  Cornwall-on-Hudson,  I  (Suck'^sor  to 
n.  U.  UUnnCT,  New  York.         |e.   P.    ROE.) 


VJiTEflUAlBD 

ForiheSesserl, 

rorJAMS&c 

Descriptive  Cir- 

'culara  wilfiPrtcM 

ofPlants.Tndiledfee 

ib  Ori<f\n.t\or 
CHimc^MAN 
eURLfNGWN  MJL 


FRUIT  NflTFS  MONTHLY:  SOe.  a  year  and  PLANT 


I  Premium^;  copy  free.  Shortsville.  N,  T. 


Strawberry  Plants  For  Sale 

Siicli  US  Jiiinbo,  Arlanrir.  Pi-inre  Ili-irifM.  Cor- 
nelia. Oaiiiel  litinnr.  ]|('n<li-r*4t>ii.  Parr>'.  fjarjre 
Htock    and    LOW    PRKES,     Sf mi  i"..iSpi>ciaI  Price- 

James  Lippincott,  Jr.,  ,Vu.  HolbTNrj. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


them  will  bP  avoided.  (Jypsmn  will  make  the 
berries  of  a  lisjiiter  color,  but  will  not  altect  the 
firmness.  Wlion-  a  rapid  growth  of  the  berry  Is 
desired  tlic  application  of  a»  pounds  of  nitrate 
of  soda  per  acre,  before  a  rain,  a  week  or  two  pre- 
vious to  ripening  will  greatly  increase  the  size  of 
the  berries,  but  at  the  expense  of  firmness.  \  a- 
rieties  that  have  large  leaves,  like  the  Sliarpless 
and  Kentucky  will  be  greatly  increased  in  foliage 
•and  will  ripen  poorly,  while  those  of  moderate- 
'  sized  leaves,  like  the  Wilson,  will  be  benefitted  by 
It  The  leaves  will  be  so  increased  in  size  that 
tlie  berries  will  be  better  shaded.  The  nitrate  of 
soda  also  is  valualjle  in  dry  weather.  Plants  fer- 
tilized with  it  will  stand  dry  weather  better.  Use 
manure  freely  for  great  profits  in  berry  culture. 

IRRIGATION. 

The  question  of  irrigation  is  each  year  com- 
manding more  attention  among  practical  straw- 
berry growers.  The  great  value  of  moisture  to 
the  crop,  and  the  uncertainty  of  rains  at  tlie 
period  of  ripening,  the  most  precarious  period  of 
successful  berry  culture,  has  led  to  an  extended 
discussion  upon  the  merits  of  irrigation  as  a 
means  to  supply  moisture  in  field  culture.  As 
yet  no  experiments  have  taken  place  that  will 
fully  decide  if  irrigation  pays,  by  an  Increased 
yield  of  the  crop.  No  one  doubts  the  value  of 
irrigation,  the  cost  is  the  only  question  to  be 
decided.  The  most  successful  plan  so  far  has 
been  the  laying  of  drain  tiles  a  foot  deep  under 
the  row,  before  setting  the  plants,  and  when  the 
irrigation  is  needed  filling  the  tiles  with  water 
and  allowing  the  water  to  saturate  the  soil.  Tins 
plan  has  been  found  to  be  the  best  of  all  plans,  so 


Figure  6. 
far  tried.  The  water  does  not  harden  the  soil 
as  when  applied  by  surface  walcring.  W  e  shall 
watch  Willi  interest  trials  that  are  made  to  test 
the  water.  .\  very  successful  plan  of  irrigati<jn 
for  garden  culture  is  that  of  setting  near  the 
berry  plants  ordinary  earthen  fiower  pots,  even 
with  the  soil,  and  on  approach  of  dry  weather 
filling  them  dallj  with  water.  Those  who  try  It 
will  be  delighted  with  the  largest  and  most  deli- 
cious of  berries. 


HILL  CULTURE. 


f    I81N  »  K       3  rcTT     ~i 

Figure  8. 

TRANSPLANTING. 

Alwavs  secure  young,  vigorous  plants  of  the 
varieties  vou  wish,  for  transplanting.  Old  planis 
—those  tliat  have  set  fruit— are  not  good  lor  this 
purjiose.  Tin  y  may  be  recognized  by  the  black 
roots  that  adhere  to 
them,  and  if  these 
are  used  the  old  roots 
should  be  broken  ofl", 
with  the  black  stem 
to  which  they  are 
attached. 

Young  plants  may 
be  .  known  by  their 
fresh-looking  appear- 
ance aiKi  the  mass  of 
long,  white  roots, 
free  from  black  ones, 
and  are  the  only 
ones  fit  for  setting. 

The  dead  leaves,  if 
any,  are  also  re- 
moved, and  If  the 
weather  be  dry  allow 
but  a  few  of  the  green 
leaves  to  remain. 
The  leaves  will  .soon  Rrow,  while  If  many  are 
left  the  i)lant  niav  be  exhausted  of  all  lis  vitality 
and  perish.  The  best  seiuson  for  planting  in  llelil 
■    •     "•  r  earlier,  If  weather  iK-rmits, 

for  the  plants  become 
then  fully  rooted  for  a 
large  crop  theconiing 
year.  In  transplant- 
ing, spread  the  ro<»ts 
t»ut  even  with  the  sur- 
face, as  shown  in  fig- 
ure y,  not  too  deep,  as 
In  figure  11,  or  too 
shallow  lUi  in  figure  12. 
The  cuts  are  so  well 
done,  that  the  idea  of 
setting  Is  fully  Illus- 
trated. 


cut  straw,  and  chafl'  that  falls  behind  the  ma- 
chines in  tbreshiiig.  .Ml  tliat  is  required  Is  fine- 
ness of  the  straw  or  bay.  Ijong  straw  cannot  be 
spread  evenly,  and  it  cannot  be  removed  from 
the  ro-v  in  spring 
when  the  plants  are 
starting  into  growth. 
The  thickness  of  the 
mulch  depends  upon 
the  material  and  the 
climate.  Wlien  llie| 
mulch  is  fine  and  tlie 
wintermiid,  from  four 
to  six  Ordinary  loads, 
per  acre,  are  sufficient 
for  a  covering  an  inch 
or  two  thick.  When 
the  mulch  is  coarse 
and  the  winter  severe, 
from    four    to    five 

inches  are  used.  In  spring  the  mulch  must  be 
carefullv  removed  from  the  crowns  of  the  berry 
phiiit,  or  it  will  sinotlier  them.  Mulching  always 
pavs  well.  It  makes  larger  berries,  keeps  (hem 
free  from  sandiaud  dirt,  and  by  making  them 
later  In  bloom,  lessens  the  danger  of  Injnry  by 
late  frosts.  Many  Western  growers,  alter  the 
yitj  crop  of  berries  is  gathered,  set  fire  to  tlie  mulch, 
^   to  kill  the  insects  injurious  to  the  fruit. 

Kl8lNC»tS>  . 


•# 

^^ 

"^ 

^ 

'^ 

^ir 

%^ 

(4- 

^ 

v^ 

-^ 

^- 

^ 

fA 

•^ 

FlGt'Bl- 


'^.     ^ 


Figure  9. 


culture  Is  in  May, 


Hill  culture  would  be  more  practiced  In  berry 
growing  were  It   not   for  the  trouble  of  keeping 
the  runners  from  taking  root,  thus,  making  the 
matted   row   and   also  the  use  of  the  hoe  biing 
more  necessary.     We  give  a  cut  of  a  very  excel- 
lent plan  of  setting   berries  by  the  hill  system, 
and  an  easy  plan   of  cultivation 
whereby  the  use  <if  the  hoe  Is  al- 
most entirely  avi>ided.  The  plants 
are  set  In  rows,  eighteen   Im-hes 
between  them,  and  the  same  ins- 
tance  apart  In  the    rows.    Then 
a  space  of  three  feet  left  for  horse 
cultivation  and  three  rows  of  hills 
planted    as    before.      These   hills 
'  range  crossways  as  well  as  In  the 
row.  The  cultivation  iseasy.   The 
three-foot    space    is  thoroughly 
pulverized  by   the  horse  cultiva- 
tor and  crossways  by  the  use  of 
the  Planet,  Jr.  wheel  hoe,  made 
by  S.  L.  Al'.en  &  Co.,  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  use  of  wliich  is  plainly 
shown  In  the  cut.     When    hoed 
crosswavs.  the  cultivation  is  con- 
tinued liy  going  the  other  way  and 
all    the    soil    will    be     loosened, 
weeds    and    grass  exterminated, 
and  the  labor  of  hill  culture  will 
be  greatly   riduced.    The  ground 
should  be  cultivated  by  the  wlieil 
hoe  after  each   rain.      The  weeds 
and  gnvss  are  more  easily  killed 
by    fi-ei)ueiitlv     stirring    the   soil 
than  bv  deslroving  it  after  It  has 
become  well  islablished.     After  the  berries  have 
fruited,  the  space  between  the  bills  is  well  Ciiltl- 
vated  and  manured  and  the  runners"'"-  be  al- 
lowed to  grow.    They  will  soon  fill  the  space  and 
raalce  a  riiattcd  row  for  the  next  season's  crop. 
We  prefer,  however,  annual  renewal.    The  run- 
ners are  easily  reduced   by  tb  •  use  of  a  circular 
cutter,  an  Illustration   of   which   wc    give.     The 
cutter  is  made  of  a  cast  steel  ring,  a  foot,  or  s^   in 
diameter  and   very   sharp.    A  single  thrust  over 
the  hill  will   cut  ofT  ;.:1  runners  In  a  rapid  and 
su  cesslul   manner.    With  the  aid  of  the  wheel 
boe  and  runner  cutter,  the  labor  In  hill  culture 
is  greatly  reiluced.    We  give  in  Figure  1  a  good 
Illustration  of  the  berry  In  both  hill  and  matted 
row  systems  of  culture.    It  conveys  clearly  the 
two  plans. 


MULCHING. 


The  great  use  of  mulching  berries  is  not  only  to 
keep  the  wi'cds  from  growing,  but  also  to  keep 
the  ground  from  cxjiosure  to  the  hot  sun  and 
drying  winds.  The  mulch,  by  its  gradual  decay, 
also  furnishes  manure  for  the  soil.  The  mulch- 
ing should  not  be  done  before  a  hard  freeze  in  the 
fall  or  early  winter.  Freezing  will  arrest  the 
growth  of  tiie  plants  and  they  can  then  be  cov- 
ered with  the  mulch  willioul  danger  o!  smother- 
ing them,  as  a  more  early  mulching  mlglit  do. 

The  best  material  for  niul<-h.  Is  fine  hay  or  fine 


PICKING  AND   MARKETING. 

Berries  carry,  keep  fresh  longer,  and  of 
course  sell  better,  when  a  portion  of  the  stem  is 
left  on  when  picked.  Tills  is  done  by  pinching 
off  the  stem  above  the  berry,  Mith  the  thumb 
and  finger  nail,  taking  care  not  to  bruise 
the  fruit.  Pulling  or  stripping  the  berries  from 
the  ))lants  will  lessen  the  market  valne,  and 
when  very  carelessly  done,  the  berries  are  value- 
less for  shipment.  Berries  carry  better  when 
picked  In  the  cool  of  the  morning,  and  allowed 
to  stand  open  to  the  air  in  the  shade.  Picked  in 
a  hot  sun,  and  at  once  put  in  a  tight  box,  out  of 
the  wind  and  air,  will  cause  speedy  sofleningand 
deiav.  .\lwavs  ship  berries  in  a  well  ventilated 
car.  Ventilation  will  always  keep  the  fruit  in 
good  condition.  It  is  needless  to  say,  make  your 
berries  good  for  good  i>rices.  The  orates  for  ship- 
ping, shoulii  be  as  light  and  have  as  much  spring 
as  possible.  The  boxes  must  be  packed  closely 
in  tile  crates  to  pn?vent  shaking  or  moving. 
Derries  well  picked  and  well  shipped,  are  half 
marketed.  Never  lose  sight  of  the  home  market 
for  berries. 

VARIETIES. 

We  will  not  take  np  the  subject  of  varieties. 
Our  country  is  so  large,  the  climate  so  varied,  the 
number  of  varieties  so  great,  and  the  wants  and 
tastes  of  iieople  so  dlH'erent,  that  we  could  not  re- 
commeml  a  list  that 
would  suit  all  who 
wonkl  grow  berries.  We 
are  often  amused  to 
hear  berry  growers, 
who  plant  largely,  in 
the  same  vicinity,  dif- 
fer wiiiely  as  to  the 
varieties  that  suit  the 
neighborhood  in  which 
thi'yan- located.  "When 
dficIorsilillV-r.  who  shall 
decide  ?"  -Ml  we  can  do 
Is,  fVoiii  time  to  time, 
to  figure  and  accurately 
describe   all   berries,  as 

they  appear  to  us.  The  1       ,», 

sekcl ions  must  be  to  the  taste  and  wants  of  the 
grower.  The  suitability  of  any  berry  can  only  be 
correcllv  found  by  trial  on  the  grounds  o;  the 
person  who  wishes  to  grow  the  best  fruit.  No 
theory  will  be  of  use.  Practical  experiments 
only,  will  decide  it  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
grower.  © 


Figure  12. 


Raspberry,  MARL  BO  RO . 
Gooseberry.  INDUSTRY. 
Crape,    NI.A.G.A.Ft.A. 

circulars  giving  full   descriplion   nnd   prices    together 
with  acoliireil  rime  ol  the  Oooseberry  free. 

ELLWANGER  &  BARRY,  MhcHfr^^i-srJT^. 


NEW 


VINES— Po'keepsie,  Red  Ulster, 
Proliflc,  NIA(;Al{A,and  other 
•  tidand  n?Frran>o>\,Stra\vl)erriea, 
Blackberries   MAKI-IJOISO  i 

other  RaflpbeiTieB.  CatnloRuey  r»-« 

JUl::i.  IIOKMilt  A:  SON,  ^llercbantville,  N.J. 


GRAPE 


OOT  (ill  AFTS.  Apple  SeedliiiBn.  nnd  Iinport- 
'  eil  Slocks.  Young  Ornanientnls.  •ye.    Jlidticed 
frice-Llst  jmt  txsiud.    .STAKK  &  CO..  Loulllana.  BOi 


R' 


TRAWBERRIES  niscRiprivE  j'„VT-„S'.;'V.iin';-"S?^^;:: 


Figure  7. 


^  And  Lthrr  CHOICE  SMALL  FRUITS. 

GREENHOUSE  AND  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

SEF  ILLlSTKATliD  CATALOGUE,  FREE. 
nrn     ■      MIIITD    KinoF.woon  NntsF.KlES, 

GEO.  L  WIILLER,    stockton,  qhiq. 


CTnUC'C  URDnV  .\1I  the  leading  Strawberries 
blUnt  O  tlAnU!  Rnsiibcrries.  'Jrnpej.  and 
RmaM  Frnlts.    STONE'S    HARDY    llI,.\f'KBER. 

ilYiaoursppcialiv.  Bp-;!  I'huit--.  I,.m est  Prices.  .Vi"( 
for  Lkl.     OOE   *    CONVERSE, 

(Name  paper.)    lort  Atk-tn-tnti.  II  is 


BLACKBERRY 


99 


"RANCOCAS 

THE  3IOST  PUOnrCTIVE.  HARDY,  EARLY 

RASPBERRY 

FIXE  COI.OH.    CAKRIES  WELL. 


RED 

GOOn  QI,  VLITY. 

A  GREAT  MARKET  BERRY. 

Shonldhenlnntedhv  every  one.  Send  for  dpscrlplinn  and 
terms.    W.  II.  JiOON,  Cu-lutroducer,  MorrUvUli:,  Ja. 


^t;,'^' READING  NURSERY,  Established  in  1854. 

JACOB  W.  MANNING,  Reading,  Mass. 

■DTTTTTJT'TJ'DV  A  VALl  AHLE  FRIIT. 
illj  U  I^ijJliXvA  X  .  Siicceeils  on  nil  Soils  nnd 
is  ii  PltOI'IT  AIM.i;  KRIIT  to  Krowformnrket. 
naino  Ctininc  IllnslriitcdDescriptiVH  Price. list  Iree. 
UclUS  OlapICO,  \\  est  Sebewn,  Ionia  Co..  .llicu. 


1S3«-1S,S4. 


THE  LARGEST 

ANI>   MOST    IIEAITIKIL        C^ 

EARLY  PEAR. 

Itipening  in  fctilvnl  >'•■"•  York  earl)  In 
July,  .ind  lells  at  hlqheH  prices.  Sciid  for 
hlslOfYOl  Orici'nl  Tree.  100  vrs.  old. 
It,  lleailqiinrlcis  1."  KIKFFER. 
rears,      PARRY     Slrnwlicrries» 

_        WII/SON    .H'NIOR    niacUlierries, 

illAllLUORO    Raspberries,     and    <;KAI'ES. 
WILLIAM    PARRY,    V»rrjf  P.  O.,  Now   Jcmey. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


The  Gardeners'  Monthly,  in  commenting  upon 
the  immediate  influence  of  pollen  on  fruit,  says : 
""  We  have  looked  carefully  into  the  literature  of 
the  subject  and  find  no  fact  adduced  in  favor  of 
this  tlaeory  that  cannot  better  be  explained  in 
light  of  modern  facts,  except,  possibly,  Indian 
corn."  The  editor  also  quotes  the  Hon.  Simon 
Brown,  of  Concord,  Mass.,  in  the  report  of  tlie 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Ifi&'J,  as  stating  "that 
careful  experiments  in  growing  all  kinds  of  cu- 
curbitaceous  plants  for  the  purpose  of  testing 
this  very  question  failed  to  show  the  slightest 
indication  of  change  in  any  one  of  them." 

Our  experience  is  different.  We  find  that  a  few 
pumpkins  planted  with  watermelons  will  harden 
the  rinds  of  the  melons  and  make  them  carry 
•well  and  will  afiTect  also  the  texture  and  flavor. 
We  also  find  by  experiment  that  the  Bay  View 
melons  we  planted  were  at  once  changed  in  form 
■when  planted  by  the  side  of  muskmelons,  and 
the  flavor  was  insipid,  while  the  same  seed 
planted  alone  was  excellent  in  flavor  and  perfect 
in  shape.  We  also  find  that  cucumbers  planted 
with  muskmelons  make  them  very  insipid,  and 
that  when  preserving  citi'ons  or  gourds  are  plant- 
ed near  "watermelons,  the  character  of  the 
melons  is  changed  and  the  flavor  ruined. 
The  rind  becomes  hard  and  solid.  We  find 
the  softer  varieties  are  more  subject  to  influ- 
ence by  the  harder  than  the  harder  by  tlie  softer 
variety.  Again,  we  find  a  variety  kept  by  itself 
pure  for  a  series  of  years,  will  not  be  as  subject 
to  Infiuence  as  one  of  degenerate  character.  Or, 
in  other  words,  the  more  fixed  the  type  the 
greater  the  infiuence,  and  the  softer  the  fruit, 
the  more  susceptible  of  change  by  a  superior 
poUenizer.  Careful  selection  and  purity  of  breed- 
ing in  plant  seed  growing  will,  as  in  the  case  of 
stock  breeding,  produce  a  fixity  of  type  that  will 
have  power  to  transmit  its  type  upon  types  of 
inferior  power.  We  believe,  from  an  extended 
personal  observation  that  pollen  changes  the 
character  of  the  fruit  as  well  as  the  seed  in  very 
jnany  cases  of  cross  poUenization. 

FARMER'S  HOME  GARDEN. 

By  Joseph. 


As  this  issue  of  The  Farm  and  Garden  Is  to 
te  a  "strawberry  special,"  I  cannot  refrain  from 
showing,  in  the  following,  how  strawberry  enthu- 
siasm served  me.  Like  a  blind  man,  I  have  been 
going  around  in  a  circle  for  a  dozen  years  or  more. 
I  started  in  with  Wilson's  Albany  and  Charles 
Downing,  and  they  were  perfectly  satisfactory 
for  all  my  purposes.  Soon,  however,  the  "  nov- 
elty craze"  got  possession  of  me.  It  liad  about 
the  same  effect  that  bad  whisky  is  said  to  have, 
of  course  I  do  not  know  from  personal  cxporimce. 
As  long  as  the  exhilaration  lasted,  all  was  Invdy 
and  delightful.  Then  came  the  after-clap— nausea 
and  headache. 

All  the  new  varieties  were  purchased  in  quick 
succession  and  at  fancy  figures,  generally  $2.00 
for  one  dozen,  or  Slo.OO  for  100  plants.  These  were 
carefully  nursed  and  tested,  only  to  be  discovered 
after  a  year  or  two.  I  had  the  Monarch  of  the 
West,  Great  American,  President  Lincoln,  Sharp- 
less,  Bidwell,  Jersey  Queen,  Big  Bob,  and  many 
others.  The  Manchester  came  so  well  recom- 
mended, that  I  set  out  810.00  or  fflo.OO  worth  of 
plants,  and  enlarged  my  bed  just  as  soon  as  I 
could  grow  runners.  Then  arrived  that  shame- 
fully puffed  up  humbug,  the  James  Vick  (sorry  it 
bears  so  good  a  name),  of  which  I  also  planted 
<iuite  largely.  All  these  varieties  were  plowed 
up,  the  Manchester  last,  and  now  I  have  only  a 
well-kept  bed  of  the  James  Vick.  But  I  would 
gladly  give  it  for  a  bed  one-half  its  size  of  well- 
grown  Wilson.  So,  at  last  I  got  back  to  the  same 
point  from  which  I  started  about  twelve  years 
ago. 

It  is,  however^  Tiot  my  Intention  to  condemn 
all  these  new  varieties.  They  have  not  been  of 
much  value  to  me,  but  may  do  very  well  in  the 
bands,  and  on  the  land  of  others. 


OUR  STRAWBERRY    NUMBER. 

This  month  we  add  a  new  and  valuable  feature 
to  The  Farm  and  Garden.  We  not  only  give  a 
number  full  of  practical  information  on  all  sub- 
jects connected  with  the  farm  and  garden,  as  our 
readers  will  find,  but,  -also,  in  addition,  full  and 
•valuable  papers  on  strawberry  culture.  Every 
farmer  who  grows  strawberries,  and  all  should, 
at  least  for  home  use,  will  find  this  number  vahui- 
hle.  It  will  give  him  all  needed  information 
on  strawberry  culture.  This  is  not  at  the 
expense  of  our  regular  readers,  for  we  give  them 
a  number  full  upon  all  the  usual  farm  and  garden 
topics.  Though  the  expense  Is  large,  yet,  we 
give  to  our  readers  the  stra-wberry  matter  free. 
We  believe  in  always  dealing  fairly,  and  we 
know  our  readers  will  appreciate  our  efforts.  "We 
have  a  large  class  of  intelligent  readers  whom  we 
desire  to  please,  and  shall  always  give  them  even 
more  than  we  promise,  and  more  for  the  money, 
tJian  any  other  paper  in  the  Union. 


STRAWBERRY     NOTES. 

If  you  have  any  idea  of  growing  berries,  send 
for  the  catalogues  of  growers  who  advertise  with 
us.    They  are  reliable  and  prompt  business  men. 

Wants  in  Strawberry  Culture.— Good  va- 
rieties, good  culture,  plenty  of  manure,  and 
plenty  of  moisture.  Where  the  money  is— A  lo- 
cal ion  near  a  good  market,  fine  berries,  and  plenty 
of  them.  Who  succeed— Those  who  pay  atten- 
tion to  business  and  adopt  all  the  hints  we  give 
in  this  number  of  the  Farm  and  Garden. 

When  the  matted  row  system  is  followed  in 
berry  growing  the  plants  are  set  generally  from 
sixteen  to  eighteen  inches  apart  in  a  single  row, 
and  the  runners  allowed  to  grow.  Wc  prefer  to 
set  one  foot  apart,  and  keep  the  runners  down 
the  early  part  of  the  season  until  they  are  well 
rooted,  and  then  later  allow  runners  to  fill  tlie 
row.  This  plan  will  make  a  very  vigorous  plant, 
and  will  insure  a  large  berry,  but  takes  more 
plants. 

Kxi'osuRES. — Exposure  has  much  to  do  with 
successful  culture.  Where  a  very  early  crop  is 
desirable,  to  command  fancy  prices,  and  early 
frosts  need  not  be  ajiprchended,  <'hoose  a  south- 
ern exposure,  in  as  warm  a  situation  as  possible. 
The  period  of  ripening  will  then  be  advanced  a 
week  or  ten  days,  frequently  doubling  the  value 


of  the  crop.  Where  the  frosts  are  untimely,  a 
northern  exposure  is  safer.  Retarding  the  bloom- 
ing will  save  the  crop  from  frosts,  but  at  the 
expense  of  earliness.  The  nerry  season  may  be 
greatly  extended  by  planting  the  late  varieties 
on  a  clay  soil.  This  will  produce  late  berries,  and 
being  less  warm,  an  exposure  will  retard  the 
ripening  for  some  time.  Selecting  early  varieties, 
a  sand  soil,  and  a  southern  exposure,  the  earliest 
berries  will  be  grown. 

HiLii  Culture.— There  is  a  great  advantage  in 
hill  culture  over  the  nuitted-row  system,  where 
fine-sized  berries  are  in  demand.  Planted  as  we 
recommend  in  this  number,  in  hills,  there  will 
be  14,520  plants  per  acre.  Should  the  plants  yield, 
under  high  culture,  one  pint  per  hill  (a  small 
crop,)  and  the  berries  command  only  ten  cents 
per  quart  ^a  low  price  for  extra  berries),  the  yield 
in  money  value  would  be  over  STOO  per  acre. 
Should  the  berries  range  only  one-third  in  price 
above  those  of  the  matted  row,  there  would  be 
leftover  $200  for  the  extra  care  in  culture  and 
manuring.  Always  use  high  culture  and  plenty 
of  manure  with  the  hill  system,  and  raise  extra- 
fine  berries  where  there  is  a  demand  for  them. 
You  can  easily  net  SoUO  per  acre.  Where  there  is 
only  a  market  for  low-priced  berries,  the  matted- 
row  systeni  will  answer.  You  will  have  the 
quantity  at  the  expense  of  size  and  quality. 


mmm 


IFARMS&MILLS 

'  I  iFor  Sale  &  Exchange. 
J  FREE  Catalogue. 


K.  B.  rHAFFIN  <&  CO..  Richmond 


'^^ 


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Price  25  els.  per  piicket.  F.  K.  .UcAI*LI.'STKR, 

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lil^WfCri    TICO  in  seedH  at  tlie  price  ol 
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Catalogue  Free.    Florist's   I  want  yoin*  addresses! 
David  It.  Woodburyf  Originating  Florist,  Paris,  Me. 

T  Lightning  Fruit  Evaporator. 

Apples  dried  in  sixty  mlnutps,    Corn  in  thirty-five.    No 
biuinng  or  SL-orctiirn^.     Price,  $5.00.    Catalogue   free. 
State    and    Connty    riieliCN    for    sale.      Address, 
L.  C.  nitAKE  A:  CO.,  Nicliolusvlile  Kuiitucliy. 

n  J|  w  IMPRINT  is  on  some  of  the  finest  caialot^m-s  of 
IYI  I  I  Ids  year.  Besl  work,  best  style,  and  guaranteed 
correctness  In  A  I^L.  1*RINT1N(;  lor  Nurserymen.  Florists. 
and  Seedsmen  nij'  specialty.  Large  stoci<  of  cms.  .-^iie- 
cial  l«>\v  iirieet*  on  envelopes,  etc..  in  April  and  May. 
J.  HORACE  McFAKLAND,  Harrisburi,',  Peiinu. 


CRESCENT  AND  SUCKER  STATE   Strawberry  Plants, 
$1.50  and  $2  per  mhi.    J,  R.  DUNHAM,  Farina,  Illinois. 

TREES  '.SHRUBS  rvTNEr! 

SMALL   FRUITS,  &c.,  &c., 

Onr  New  Nnrsery  Catalogne.  one  of  tlie  finest  and  most 
cuniplete,  sent  Free.    \VM.  H.  MOON,  Monisville,  I'a. 


BRISTOL   ^  ^ 

B£xvR  jT  <  ^ 

BOXES  s 


Dun't  fail   to  make  inquiry  of  tlie 

MANIKACTUBKBS: 

SHERMAN  &  PEIRCE, 

BRISTOL,  PA. 


STKAWIIKIIRY  PLANTS  ami  (.tlKT  small  frulta, 
uces,  &,:  ISRAEL  KINNEY  &  SON.  Zanesfleld.  LoQan  C0..0. 


OK-N'AMENTAL  and  Fruit  Trees.  Gram-  Virip.!.  Plants,  ic. 
KI:TIN1SP«>11AS.    AUBOU-VITiE. 
JIINIPKKS.  JL-c    fur    trunsplanliii,;.     KIEFFER 
ami  oilier  I'pni*  Tree"*,  extra  sizes.    Catfilu^'ues  free. 
OHAS.  It.  IIOUNOII.  Itlt.  Holly,  N.J. 


Berry  Plants,  Dirt  Cheap,  S  "l.^S,'?* 'buy 

THKM,   but  send  for   First-rlRHN.  Tlirilty,  Pure 
Plants  to  ED.  VAN   ALLEN,  B-M^/ifm  Coito-.  A'.  K. 


HYDE'S  KEEPER  APPLE-IOUISVILLE   NURSE- 
RIES,    lleadquartei's  lur  one  of  tlie  best  keepiliff 

ni'ples  ever  inlroduced.    To  convince,  send  for  Price- 
List.    H.  T.  BERLIN,  Louisville,  Stark  County,  Ohio. 

DD  II  hi  lie    Pl»nrdl.    New   Purple  l.'uxvl  n  I    ||  U 

rnUraUO   KIMONI,  New    Iron-claa    T  L  U  III 

KuHHiun  Apricot,   Salome  Apple.  Murlb<iro  Kaiipberry, 

Indluiiu    Strawberry..      All   new    and    hardy    Krultf*    and 

riowcm.     VaLiloiiu,!  frrc.     E.  Y.  TEAS,  nunretth,   Ind. 


.000,000 

llrawtaerry.     Raspberry,     Blackberry. 
Currants,  Grapes, 

Inoludlnethi.'  .'Iii  u-'U.-d  ami  new  varieties. 
May  Klne.  Miirlboro,  Knrl.v  CIun- 
ter,  Fny,  >!iiiraru,  Conift.  KIcfTer, 
Peacli    TrcM'H.  At:     !*fii<l    for  Cnta- 

^^e^JOHN  S.COLLINS, 

M«OKESTOWN,  N.  J.  ' 


e  c^o 
'  I'SS 


WANTED 


KNKR(.1ETIC,  RELIABLE 
<.►  sell  Fruit  Trees, 

l<rii|ie  VinoN,  Shrubs, 
Rosest&e.  Salary  and  Expenses  or  Liberal  CwNMlsttwM 
paid;     Full  instiUL'lu»n,>  i;iveii.  so  iiiexptruMH-ed  inwrcan 

ru'ei'"irre's'  J-  F.  Le  Clare.BrJghtM,  M.Y. 


«tjrl>ON'T  FAIL  TO  TRY-** 

HORSFORD'SPEA! 

MVKKi:!  4;\ki>i:n  I    kmi 

F:^ir<'iii'  l\  I'l-l.ii.'.  I  .M>  pudn  on  one 
pluiit.  '<£*>  bui*lit.-lft  fruni  t£5  pounds, 
^5c.  p«r  a  uz.  pkt:  5  pkts,  i)ll,  {lostpaid. 
.stuclt  siiiBll.  OrdiT  early.  For  sale  liy  lirst- 
i-lass  ^eed-men.  Grown  by  PKlSCtLE 
&  IIUUSFOKI>.  Chnrlotti-.  Vt. 


POTATOES  FOR  SEED. 

IleHt  Vurielie*^.  old  ami  New.    Send  fur  price-list. 

Sl'SiS.  W.  E.  WELD,  Ingleslde,  H.  r. 


"NUM-BO." 

THE  BIG-  CHESXNXJX 

Enormous//  Product/ye.  65  Nuts  make  One  Quart 

Trees  are  perledly    liardy :  liave  stood   30°   below   zero 
nninjured.    ti  rati  til  tics  rmiinieiice  to  bear  in  5  years. 
Price  Sil.OOaml  !?i-.^.00 'acli.    Seedling  trees,  by  mail. 
50  cents  I'ucli,  ..i  s4.00  i>er  dozen, 
tj-eud  lor  tlcs<-ri|>li\f  liilalutciie. 

SAItSVEIi  C.  IVEOON, 


Mnrrisville  Xursfry. 


Morrlsville.  Bucks  County,  fa. 


THE  GRANGER  rAMILY  FRUIT  AND  VK(iKTABLIi: 

EVAPORATORS. 

S.J..'50.  $6,00.    AND    $10.00. 

Sen.)  r.ir  circiilur.  EASTERN  MANU. 
FACT'G  CO.,  268  S.  nilh  SI.  Phlla. 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 

100,000  One-year-old    Pearli    Treen.  50,000 

Two->eiir-old  Pencil  Trees.  •^5.000  l.a  Ver- 

Hallaiue  i^iirraniM.  'JO, 000  lUaueiird  Clierry 

S4><'<llin|CH  one  year  old. 

All  FINE  STOCK.  ISTKPHKN   HOYT'S  SONS, 

Address  /  New  Canaan,  Conn. 


SMALL    FRUIT    PLANTS 


<;|{.\1'I';    VINES,  etc..  In  variety.    All   the   leailing 
vurlelie.s  of  SMALL  FIIIIITS.  both    Ne_w_       


Old, 


v.vi  leiie.i  Ol  .-..TiAUAj  r  im  I  ■  ;^.  "Jiii u  i-.e*>  jiini  i.m 
at  reasonable  rates.  IRUIMR  Al  I  TN  SPRINGFIELD 
Catalogues  free.  l"VIWb  HLLLW, mass. 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

(.'lioice  Trees.  Vines,  and  Plants.  All  the  new  varietie.s. 
Manchester  Strawberries,  Hansell  Kaspberrie.s.  KietTer 
Pear  Trees.    Peacli  Trees  a  specialty.    Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 
J.  BItAY,    Red  Bank    N.  J. 

MARLBORO    RASPBERRY,     POKKEPsIE 
RED,  ULSTER  PROLIFIC,  and  Duchess  GrapM. 

Send    to    the    originators    for    description   and    terma. 

A.  J.  CAYWOOD  &  SONS.  Marlboro,  New  York. 


STRAWBERRIES ! 

May  Kins  for  the  best  early,  Connectinit   Queen 
for  late.     ;>larlboi'o  and   Rnncncas  llnspberried. 
Wilson  Jr.  Blackberry.     CATALO<;UK  sent  free. 
SAMUEL  C,  DE  COU,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


FIRE!  FIRE!  FIRE! 

strawberries  grown  by  an  entire  ne^v  process, 
wliich  saves  at  least  75  per  cent,  of  tbe  Inoor  and 
expense  of  cultivation  anniiallj'.  It  desti'o.\'s  In- 
sects. Weeils,  tirnss  Seeds,  etc.  Saves  Runner 
cnttiiis  and  resettin«c  oltener  than  4»nce  in  eiebt 
years.  I  have  the  lai'fcest  and  lienltliiest  vines  in 
this  section,  and  the  total  cost  of  cnUivaiioii  has  been 
less  tlian  $4.00  per  acre  this  season.  I  have  for 
sale  Hnndreds  and  Thousands  of  STRA  WBER  R  Y, 
BLA(^K  AND  RED  RASPBERRY  PLANTS, 
my  own  j^rowin:;.  all  warranted  pure  stock  and  No.  I  Plants. 

The  above  svstcni  free  lo  every  pni'cbasei*  oftft'^ 
worth  of  plants;  ro  oiliers  SI.  Send  fur  Prlce-Us* 
of  plants  and  further  parliculars. 

FliUSniNU,  GENESEE  C^OUNT  Y,  MICHIGAN. 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN 


OUi^  Flowei^  Gai^den. 


FLOWERS  THAT   WILL   GROW    IN   THE  SHADE. 

Tlu-re  arc  few  plants  that  will  tlnw.T  in  pim-es 
froniwhich  sunshine  is  entirely  exrluilcd.  Some 
plants  Hill  grow  well  enough  developing  shoots 


and  leaves,  but  (lowers  of.  nearly  all  kinds  must 
have  some  sunslilni-.  Of  those  tlia.  do  well  and 
flower  when  planted  out  in  the  open  ground 
■where  the  sunshine  only  comes  for  two  or  three 
hours  during  the  day,  may  he  named  the  follow- 
ing: Caleeolarlivs,  Fuchsias,  TiObellas,  Herbaceous 
Phloxes,  Pansies,  Forget-me-nots  i.Miiimilix\,  Lily 
of  the  Valley,  and  other  herbaceous  plants  and 
shrubs  whose  native  habitation  is  shady  wixids. 
Perhaps  a  better  efl'ect  Is  produced  In  such  slluii- 
tlonshv  ornamental  leaved  plants,  such  as  Coleus 
of  all  kinds,  A<liyranthes,  Caiacllums,  CunnuB, 
Aspidistra,  and  other  plants  wUh  high  colored 
leaves.  With  those  may  be  combined  the  dllfcr- 
ent  styles  of  grey  or  white  leaved  plants,  such  as 
Centaureas,  t'lnerarlius,  (ruaiiballums;  plants 
known  under  the  general  popular  term  of  "  Pusty 
MiUoi-s."  These  are  n\uch  more  preferable  for 
such  shadv  situations  than  flowi-ring  plants.  It 
may  here' he  remarked  that  tiie  cultivator  of 
plants  in  rooms  slii>nld  \inderstand  tin'  necessity 
of  sunlight  to  plants  that  are  to  flower,  and  en- 
deavor to  get  tlicm  as  near  as  possible  to  a  win- 
dow, having  an  ea.stern  or  southern  aspect.  The 
higher  the  temperature,  the  more  plants  sulTer 
from  want  of  light.  Many  plants  such  as  (icran- 
iums,  Fuchsla.s,  or  Roses  might  remain  in  a  tem- 
perature of  iVP  In  a  cellar,  for  example,  away 
from  direct  light  for  months  without  nuderial 
injury,  while  if  the  cellar  contained  a  furnace 
keeping  up  a  temi)erature  of  70°  they  would  all 
die  before  the  winter  was  ended.  If  tropical 
species,  they  might  stand  it  better,  but  all  plants 
quickly  become  enfeebled  when  kept  at  a  high 
temperature  and  awaj  from  the  light. 

LlI.V   OK  THE    VAI.I-EV 

A  correspondent  informs  us  that  she  had 
splendid  luck  in  blooming  Lilies  of  the  Valley, 
without  any  special  culture  or  pulns  being  taken. 
She  simply  bought  good  strong  Imported  single 
pips,  planted  them  in  boxes  (i  inches  deep,  tilted 
with  soil  composed  of  one-third  loam,  one-third 
peat,  and  the  balance  well  rolled  manure  and 
sand;  after  a  good  watering  and  pressing  down 
of  the  roots  they  were  placed  In  a  cellar  and  cov- 
ered with  four  ln<-hes  of  ashes.  This  was  on 
October  first.  They  were  not  seen  to  until  .Janu- 
ary l.'jth  when  some  of  them  were  brought  up  in- 
to a  warmer  place  where  they  gradually  came  up 
nicely,  not  one  failing  to  bloom.  Within  the  last 
few  years  the  fashion  for  the  flowers  of  the  Lily 
of  the  Valley  has  increased  to  such  an  extent, 
that,  though  the  importation  of  roots  has  probal> 
ly  tribled  each  year,  the  price  of  the  flowers  Is 
Btlll  quite  as  high  as  when  the  forcing  first  began. 
The  failures  which  attend  the  winter  flowering 
of  this  plant  are  due,  mainly,  to  the  use  of  im- 
properly developed  roots.  As  with  similar  plants, 
a  certain  size  or  development  of  the  crown  or 
underground  bud,  is  essential  to  produce  the 
flower.  What  that  size  should  be.  Is  not  always, 
even  wltli  the  most  experienced,  easy  to  deter- 


mine. In  the  Tuberose,  the  Japan  and  other 
lilies,  we  And  that  bulbs  that  are  less  than  an 
inch  in  diameter  are  not  certain  to  flower.  The 
crown  or  "pip,"  as  florists  sometimes  call  it,  of 
the  Lily  of  the  Valley  when  sufficiently  develop- 
ed to  flower,  should  be  at  least  an  inch  and  a 
quarter  in  length  and  one  inch  in  diameter.  This 
however  is  not  the  extreme  limit  as  much  small- 
er pips  have  been  bloomers. 

SCILLAS. 

Last  fall  we  imported  varieties  of  squilLs,  which 
could  not  all  be  bought  in  this  country,  for  the 
sake  of  seeing  the  bloom  and  habit.  Several  of 
them  have  already  flowered,  and  have  given  us 
much  satisfaction.  Among  the  first  to  bloom 
was  Scilla  .Siberica,  which  we  have  often  describ- 
ed. It  is  indeed  a  gem  among  early  spring  flow- 
ers, so  beautiful  that  no  garden  of  any  kind  can 
be  complete  without  its  shade  of  porcelain  blue 
which  quite  distinguishes  it  from  the  other 
species.  Being  small,  several  can  be  grown  in  a 
pot  for  blooming  in  the  greenhouse. 

Scilla  Hyacisthoides  Coerulea 
Is  another  pretty  variety  and  a  protXise  bloomeir 
with  flower  stalk  about  K  inches  high.  One  bulb 
will  produce  several  spikes,  and  last  in  bloom 
for  quite  along  while.  The  varieties  Alba,  Rosea, 
and  Rubra  are  also  very  eflectlve,  especially  the 

latter. 

Scilla  Percviana. 

We  were  very  much  pleased  indeed  with  this 
beautiful  plant.  The  flowers  are  of  a  fine  blue, 
very  numerous,  arranged  in  a  large,  regular,  um- 
bel-llkc  pyramid,  which  lengthens  during  the 
flowering  period.  They  cannot  be  described  to 
advantage,  and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 
It  is  one  of  that  kind  of  bulbs,  that  if  it  were  to 
cost  two  or  three  dollars  each  would  receive  a 
place  in  all  fine  conservatories,  but  because  it  is 
cheap  It  docs  not  receive  the  credit  that  it 
deserves. 

Scilla  Campanula. 
Is  another  very  pretty  kind,  but  nothing  to  com- 
pare to  Peruviana  for  slatellncss  of  growth.   Still 
it  Is  well  worthy  of  a  place  a;aong  the  others. 
Scilla  Ciliaris. 

We  have  no  bloomer  of  this  as  yet,  but  the  foli- 
age Is  very  fine. 

*  ALLIUMS. 

In  these  we  arc  much  disappointed  so  far.  and 
would  hardly  recommend  them  a  Iriiil.  They 
arc  somewhat  objectionable,  from  the  odor  of 
the  stems  and  foliage  when  crushed.  To  growers 
of  coUeclions  there  arc  among  the  great  number 


Bedding  plant. 
There  may  be  nothing  new  in  the  fact  that  our 
flower-beds  need  to  be  deeply  dug  occasionally, 
but  the  operation  Is  so  important  that  it  can 


Dwarf  Variegated  Cockscomb. 
of  known  species  some  Interesting  kinds  such  as 
Neapolitanum,  Paradoxuin,  Ciliatum,  FlovTim, 
Fragrans,   and   Triguetrum.    The  latter  a  very 
profuse  bloomer.    One  bulb  producing  sis  many 


Fancy-Leaved  Caladium. 

hardly  be  too  frequent  ly  adverted  to.  Trenching 
Is  perhaps  the  proper  term  and  yet  It  scarcely 
expresses  what  we  mean.  The  time  to  do  it  Is, 
of  course,  when  the  beds  are  empty  ;  once  in  two 
years  is  enough.  The  best  time  is  in  the  autumn, 
after  thesutumer  beds  are  remounded,  but  those 
who  have  not  attended  to  It  can  do  so  now  or  as 
so<in  a.s  the  frost  Is  out  of  the  ground.  If  you 
have  not  sufficient  depth  of  good  soil  to  trench 
the  beds.  In  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  word,  that 
Is,  to  bring  the  bottom  soil  to  the  surface,  take 
<mt  a  eoui>ic  of  good  barrow  loads  of  the  surface 
frcmi  one  end  of  the  bed  and  place  it  on  one  side, 
then  commence  to  dig  up  the  bottom,  bringing 
the  surface  soil  from  the  next  trench  on  top  of 
that  Just  dug  up.  By  this  means  you  are  able  to 
dig  up  the  bottom  and  still  retain  the  surface 
soil  on  the  top.  But  where  there  Is  sufficient 
depth  of  good  soil  it  is  preferable  to  trench  in  the 
ordinary  way;  tliat  Is  to  bring  the  bottom  soil  to 
the  top.  The  advantage  of  stirring  flower  beds  Is 
two-f<ild  ;  It  creates  a  wider  field  of  action  for  the 
roots,  and  it  also  gives  roots  an  opportunity  of 
getting  down  out  of  the  reach  of  drought  in  a  dry 
season,  and  It  makes  a  better  drainage  in  a  wet 

one. 

Colored  foliage. 

The  use  of  colored  and  other  flne-follaged  plants 
In  the  flower  garden  has,  of  recent  years,  greatly 
Increased.  The  cause  for  such  extended^  use  be- 
ing, Hrst,  the  Introduction  of  a  large  number  oJ 
suitable  jilants;  secondly,  the  foliage  and  sub- 
troiilcal  bedding  of  public  parks.  What  the  lim- 
it shall  be,  must,  of  course,  be  left|to  the  ti\steof 
the  owner  of  the  gardens.  We  would  include  all 
the  colored,  variegated  Pelargoniums  which,  if 
thought  well,  could  be  allowed  to  flower.  Hardy, 
variegated  plants  would  also  be  included  such  as 
.Japanese Honeysuckles,  variegated  Periwinckles, 
Ivies  and  similar  plants;  also  the  hardy  Sedums, 
Saxifrages  and  others  of  the  carpeting  type. 
The  grand  eflects  that  can  be  had  with  this  class 
of  plants  and  variegated  and  colored-leaved 
plants  of  the  tender  section  with  graceful  leaved 
plants  in  combination,  are  inflnately  greater 
than  any  that  can  be  had  with  flowering  plants 


alone,  not  to  mention  the  additional  merit  of 
ten'spikes'of"  pure'white,  star-shaped  flowers  I  standing  all  weathers  without  injure.  One  of  the 
the  course  of  a  couple  of  months.  I  brightest  and  most  perfect   beds  as  to  coloring. 


ROSES 

■     ■WM.B.  REEC 


BY  MAIL. 

Sample  a.^cts..  4  for 

Mt  cfs.,  \i  lor  SI. 00. 

Caialooue  Free.    Order  now. 

REED,  CHAMBERSBURG^. 

■PTrX'TjT^'irPT'lO'Q  >"«'  FORKST  TREES 
XiVXiAljrAJliiLiiTllS  hvtlM' million  or  sincle 
tree.  All  m7...<;  !ui,I  lars:c  VMiiely.  P'-JV'' J«"'?£ 
ftTEK"'G'€V;PIH^El'TTu'R«ONSVT.Vlfcoism. 

THE  NEW  RED  TEA  ROSE, 
WILLIAM    FRANCIS 

Plnnt!*  win  he  ready  for  delivery  on  and  after 
Mnrcli  l.'jth.  ISS-V    For  terms  plase  arlclress 
CHA8.  F.  EVANS,  Station  F,  I'liiladcipliia,  Pa. 


Hybrid  CLEMATIS. 

The  most  RpHiitiriil  of  nil  HARDY  CLIMRINa 
PL.INTS.  .stroHK  Roots  can  he  sent  safely  by 
mail.     Sertd   fr)r  our   iniislralPrt    Cataluffue. 

JOSEPH  KIFT,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


CHEAPEST  IMof  PUnlJ.  Onillnir.,  «ni1   Northern-grown  •eed» 
In  the  U.  S.  C»l.  free.    Ch.ii.  W.  nullernelJ.  Bellowa  FalU.  Vt- 


DnnCD  If  von  love  Rare  Flowern.  O/iOiW  oiifu, 
KtAUtn  addrrss  for  rat.^loffne.   EI,MS  BROTH- 


ERS, KEENE.  N.  H. 


It  will  astonish  and  please.    Free. 


HARDY     PLANTS 

AND     ^XJI-il^S- 

All  the  brut  Tnrh-tli-»,  tnrpthcr  with  many  noTrltieiij 
will  he  fi.iinii  in  onr  Descriptive  C  atalogue,  at  low- 
rates     Sent  fver  to  oH  applicants.  .     xt  x 
WOOl-StlN  Si  C'tfc*  Lock  Drawer  E,  Pa.ssalc,  N.  .U 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN 


planted  in  eeometrical  form,  for  summer  effect, 
maybe  composed  of  the  followinfj  plants:— 8c- 
dum  Acre  Klesans.  cream  white,  Seaum  Klaucum- 
grey;  Hi'rniaria  iilabra,  green;  Mesembrianthe- 
miuni  ('nidiiiiiium  Variegatnm,  liijht  yellow; 
and  tbebritiht  orange  and  scarlet  Altfmantlieras, 
all  dwarf  ptants.  Tlic  siaiulard  or  central  plants 
being  a  variegated  Abutil<»n  or  some  tropical 
plant.  Succu  i.ents. 

By  way  of  variety,  succulents  are  a  desirable 
class  of  plants  to  employ  in  the  flower  garden, 
more  particularly  in  dry  positions  and  under  the 
shade  of  trees,  where  some  plants  do  not  flour- 
ish sHtisfuetorily.  Perhaps  they  may  be  consid- 
ered quaint  rather  than  pretty,  nevertheless, 
arrayed  on  a  ground-work  of  dwarf  Sediums, 
Saxifrages,  and  similar  plants,  few  bedding  ar- 
rangements elicit  more  admiration.  But  apart 
from  reason,  their  power  of  withstanding  storms 
of  wind  and  rain  or  even  drouth  or  cold,  they  are 
always  in  good  form;  they  should  have  a  place 
in  all  summer  gardens  of  any  extent.  Their  va- 
riety is  greater  tlian  that  of  many  bedding  plants, 
and  this  merit  is  enhanced  by  the  fact  that  they 
harmonize  well  with  many  kinds  of  hardy  plants 
that  serve  as(-ushi'ins<.n  which,  as  it  were,  to  dis- 
play their  quaintness.  The  ti  rni  siurulent  in- 
cludes all  plants  of  a  fleshy,  jui'-y  character,  the 
more  common  type  being  the  Senipervivums, 
Cotyledons,  Kleinas,  Echevirias,  Agaves,  and 
Aloes.  Celotia  {Coxcomb). 

For  growing  in  pots  these  are  unexcelled,  a-s 
well  as  for  growing  in  the  open  air,  where,  if  used 
in  bold  groups,  they  form  a  flne  effect.  For  this 
purpose  they  should  be  sown  in  pans  in  March 
and  kept  near  the  glass,  to  prevent  the  seedlings 
being  drawn.  As  soon  as  large  enough  to  handle, 
they  should  be  placed  into  small  pots,  grown 
rapidly  in  gentle  heat,  until  the  crowns  are 
formed.  Then  they  may  be  set  out  in  June  (in 
rich  soil),  and  liberally  supplied  with  water. 
Thus  treated,  they  will  continue  in  good  condi- 
tion for  a  long  time.  When  well  grown,  from 
seed  of  good  quality,  they  never  fail  to  please 
and.  attract  attention.  The  variety  here  illus- 
trated, Celosia  Cristata  Variegata  (Gold  and 
Crimson  Variei^at  I -d  Coxcomb),  is  very  handsome. 
It  forms  magnificent  large  heads,  variegated 
with  crimson,  orange,  green,  shaded  and  striped. 
The  golden  yellow  and  deep  crinison  are  of  the 
most  brilliant  hues.  A  fine  collection  of  Cox- 
combs is  one  of  the  most  interesting  siglits  to 
behold.  

ANOTHER   LITTLE  CACTUS  TALK. 

We  often  hear  people  say,  when  looking  over  a 
collection  of  Cacti,  "How'can  you  be  so  fond  of 
those  horrid  plants?"  But  when  they  have  an 
opportunity  to  see  them  loaded  with  their  large, 
magniflcent,  showy  flowers,  they  cannot  say  too 
much  in  their  praise.  True  enough,  it  is  not 
every  one  that  can  bloom  them  as  well  as  a  Gera- 
nium, but  that  is  where  the  plcjisure  in  growing 
and  blooming  them  "well  "  comes  in.  An  ama- 
teur does  not  want  to  bother  with  what  everyone 
can  do,  or  else  he  could  not  take  pride  in  his  own 
achievements.  While  some  Cacti  bloom  as 
readily  as  a  Calla,  others  do  not.  We  must  admit 
that  they  require  less  constant  care  and  watch- 
fulness tlian  tbe  majority  of  other  blooming 
giants.  We  have  on  our  table  now  a  plant  of 
IchinocereusCfespitosus  that  was  received  from 
Mexico  last  October.  It  had  no  roots  whatever, 
and  had  probably  been  pulled  from  the  soil  in 
which  it  grew  a  month  or  two  before.  We  did 
not  plant  it;  in  fact,  we  forgot  all  about  it  until 
we  came  across  it  on  the  shelf,  and,  on  picking  it 
up,  found  that  a  bud  was  forming.  Then  another 
and  still  another  one  ajipearefl,  and  now  this 
plant  is  blooming  beautilully  and  several  more 
buds  are  ready  to  open.  The  tlowt-rs  are  of  a  deli- 
cate purple,  large,  and  delightfully  fragrant. 
Show  us  a  plant  (unless  it  be  a  bulb  that  retiuires 
a  long  season  of  root)  that  will  bloom  under  such 
circumstances. 

We  do  not  pretend  that  this  plant  will  keep  on 
blooming  or  that  we  could  expect  this  of  every 
other  Cactus,  but  that  with  proper  treatment  the 
Cactus  will  bloom  and  become  more  popular. 

We  know  that  the  <  'actus  requires  ^-odd  loam- 
leaf  mold  and  sand  in  equal  parts.  If  potted  in 
spring  or  summer  they  should  be  watered  mod- 
erately until  November  and  then  water  should 
be  given  sparingly  or  not  at  all  until  March. 
Then  take  them  in  hand  and  give  them  a  good 
soaking  and  see  how  quickly  they  will  begin  to 


grow  and  produce  buds  and  branches.  But  even 
now  you  must  be  careful  and  not  drown  them. 
In  July  and  August  give  them  as  much  water  as 
any  other  plant.  Young  plants  should  not  be 
kept  as  dry  during  the  winter  as  older  ones. 
Some  people  bed  their  Cacti  out  during  summer. 
This  may  do  very  well  in  southern  localities,  but 
we  would  be  afraid  to  advise  this  for  all  species, 
although  the  Xight-blooming  Cereus  will  be  im- 
mensely Ijcnefited  by  this  treatment. 

The  Cactus  family  embraces  many  genera  and 
a  vast  number  of  species,  the  genus  Cereus  alone 
containing  over  Ini)  species.  The  macerated 
branches  are  sometimes  used  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses, and  five  dollars  a  pound  is  frequently 
asked  for  it.  All  the  varieties  of  the  Cereus  are 
reniarkaltle  for  the  brilliancy  and  singularity  of 
form  1)1' their  flowers. 

Cereus  Flagelliformis  has  small  creeping  or 
trailing  stems,  with  bright,  rose-colored  flowers, 
and  makes  a  capital  plant  for  terra-cotta  hang- 
ing baskets.  C.  Gigantus  rises  fifty  to  sixty  feet  ; 
high,  with  a  diameter  of  two  feet.  In  the  genus 
Echinocactus  are  represented  the  most  grotesque 
forms  imaginable.  They  number  an  immense  ; 
variety  of  species,  and  are  all  well  worth  grow-  | 


ing.  Besides  these,  there  are  the  Mammillarias, 
Melocactusj  Opuntias,  Kpiphyllums,  Phyllocac- 
tus,  Ripsalis,  etc.,  all  of  which  deserve  a  place 
among  the  oddities. 

The  Evening  Glorv  {Ipomtea  Noctiphyton). 

We  siiould  not  wonder  but  that  our  repeated 
allusion  to  this  elegant  climbing  plant  had  in- 
duced many  florists  to  offer  it  for 'sale,  and  grow 
it  extensively.  As  a  rapid  grower  it  outruns  the 
morning  glory  "by  a  large  majority."  Hunt  up 
some  of  our  back  numbers  and  see  what  we  have 
said  about  it.  Cheap  and  good,  and  will  last  you 
for  years. 

Double  Dwarf  Hollyhocks. 

Have  you  seen  what  the  florists  have  been 
doing  with  the  old-fashioned  Hollyhock?  No? 
Well  just  look  over  Messrs.  Peter  Henderson  & 
Co.'s  Catalogue,  and  examine  the  illustration 
and  description  of  the  new  Double  Dwarf  Holly- 
hock "Crimson  Pyramid."  Our  readers  who 
have  not  received  this  magniflcent  catalogue 
should  not  fail  to  send  for  it,  enclosing  five-cent 
postage.  The  book  is  well  worth  twenty  times 
that  amount. 


WILD  FLOWERS S:;;^i;u.i^He^ 

Feins,  Alpiiir.  Jtc.    SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE. 
EDWARD  GILLETTE,  SOUTH  W  ICK  ,  MASS. 


ILANTS 


FREE  BY  MAIL 

I  KoKCs,  lO  for  $1. 

'  All  kindR  of  Bcddiiiff 

,  I  and  House  Plant^.aleo 

Flower  Stfdfl  iu  well  aBsorted  S*  I  C'ollec- 

I  tionsif'f'iittoall  parts  of  the  l^  H.  and  Canada, 

Mist  i>aitL    Illustrated  Catalogue,  free.    Es- 

ablished  33  years.    15  lawe  Greenhouses, 

I  PAUL  BUTZ  4(  SONS.New  Castle.Pa. 


CBEAtlTIFTTL  EVEEBLOOMINO 
ARNATION   PINKS 
a  specialty.    We  deliver  at  any  TT.  S.  postofflce 

6  eptendid  varieties,  sample  piantB,  for  50  ct8> 

To  Induce  new  cnatomera  we  give  away  many  valuable 
new  plants.  Our  prices  are  always  reasonable,  our  plants 
and  seeds  as  good  as  the  best.  Our  beautiful  Icstructive 
Catalogne  of  FRUITS  and  FLOWERS  mailed  for  TWO  cent 
stamp.      CEQ,  s.  WALES,  Rochesier,  N.  Y. 


ROSES 

500.000  strniiK.  vistorous,  lifallhy  plants  now  ready. 
2'a  acres  of  glass.  30  large  greenhouses.  We  give  away 
every  \ear  more  plants  than  many  firms  prow.  Prices 
reduced.    Satisfuciion  guaranieed.  "  SentI  lor  our  Gatalogoe. 

MILLER  &  HUNT, 

1608  Hahtead  Street, 
Wright's  Crove.  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


o 


RCH  ID 

I^AIKJEST  rOM.EC'TION  IN 
AIUEKICA.  Cheap  as  Good  Rotes. 


^;^f■l^sf•  slainp  for  cataln^rnp,  u  hu-h  will  give  practicnl 
iiiwiriir-liiMi!-*  how  to  grow  these  QueeiiN  of  Flowers* 
Roscbank  Nurseries.  I  ~ 

Eslabltshed  1854. 

Mentiiin  this  paper  \ 


A.  Brackenridge, 

Govanston'ni  Baltimore  Co.,  Md. 


BEAUTIFUL  FAIRY  ROSES. 


ROSA  POLYANTHA    The  Manv  Flowering  Rose.)i 

From  Japan,  that  wonder  land  ni  Hmiuidtura]  licaulv.  Soine* 
lliiiieeverj  one  can  HHCct't'il  witli  !  Sure  lo  give  sntis- 
tnctioil !  The>'  blMinn  in  imnicii^f  'InslHry,  'M  lo  .^)  tngetlier  on 
a  sitigh-  stem.  The  Ho\ver,i  an-  ul"  singular  pnrit\',  and  resemble 
mi niaiure camellias.  Thev  are  wonderluily  heauiilnl,  aiul  hiooni 
constantly,  and  are  entirely  distinct  from  every  other  mse.  and 
must  bcc'onie  vtry  popular.  They  are  elegant,  blooming  a.s 
freelv  as  ii  gcruninni,  and  require  as  little  care.  3  lieanliAil 
Surls—IIIIGMONtTTE,  flear  pink,  the  freest  hluomer  of  all.  20cts. 
each.  LITTLE  WHITE  PET.  verv  large,  pure  white;  elegant.  30 cts. 
CECIL  BRUNER.  sulnmn  hjush:  BihIn  perfect:  floweri-i  ele- 
saiil  ;  splendid,  'ju  rt'iil'<,  (_)ne  each  at  the  ;j  sorts  f(n  oidv  (jO 
cuts:  ihree  collections  lor  :!il.50.  PIEKSIIN'S  PER- 
FECTION FANCIES  are  superb,  tliose  who  have  set-n  them 
sav  they  never  saw  anyliiing  like  them.  The  nowers  are  of 
dazzling  brilliancy  and  very  large;  the  colors  exquisite  and 
wonderful,  and  so  delicate  that  no  description  can  convey  any 
jidiqiiaic  idfa  of  their  beauty.  There  are  over  forty  varieties, 
no  two  alike,  striped,  s|iottiil,bordcrei!,  and  I  ringed  in  raiuhnw 

;,;    u;.-;.;;;!  WE  OFFER  STRONG  PLANTS 

tliiit  will  bloom  at.  once.  1*2  for  50  cents,  or  30  for  only  $1.00. 
I.IL1U.»I  AURATUM,  Thr  Qufni  of  LltUes.  Our  importation 
from  Japan  of  this  the  most  beautiful  of  the  Lilv  taniifv.  is  un- 
UMiiallv  line.  Lhkxi-  bealihv  bnlba.  40  cents  each;  :l  lor  $1.00, 
I'i  l.,r  ^U*X  Ni:\V  J.M'ANESK  CHK  YSANTIl  E;>IIIHI 
FANTASIK,  the  liiMsl  ^nrl.  snuwv-wl'ile.  tlii(';i.i  like  petals. 
40  (rents  each.  4  lor^l.mi.  Vi  (lifloi-ciil  80l-Is  iH'wt  Clll'ysaiith- 
eiiiiiiii^*.  inrliifliiis  I  "  Fniitnsie."  lor  only  !S1.  FITCll- 
SIA  .^lADA.U  VAN  DKll  STKASS.  ii  superb  douWe-while 
variety.  25  cents  each,  ii  for  ?!.(«).  FUCHSIA  BLACK 
PR ISCE.  the  finest,  easiest  cultivated  and  most  distinct  in 
bloom,  alwava  produclne  a  shower  of  flowers,  ii  cents  each.  B  for  tl.iXI.  10  Fiielisins.  nil  clill'ert'nt. 
includiue  1  .>In<lnm  Vnn  ilei-  Strnss.  nnd  I  B  nek  fiinre.  foi;  only  Sfl.OO.  Ari>  "f"<"se  articles 
sent  postpaid,  .m  receiiil  of  price,  and  sale  arrival  i;iiaraiitee<l.  All  PurclinsiTH  will  receive  FREE,  a 
copy  ot  our  PInnI  nnd  Seed  Cntnlogue.  for  I.'^h.,.  which  is  very  coniplele.  handsc.niely  illustrated,  artistic, 
aiai  of  particular  interest  to  all   lovers  of  choice   Howers:    Hent  tree  lo  nil  others  on  receipt  <>l  stnmp  to 

""iJ&reysr- F.  R.  PIERSOX,  ^'a°n;p."o.''Bo'x'M:  Tarrytown,  New  York. 


BLOOM- 
ING 

These  almost  indesiructible  plants  are  desiralile  for  house 
culture,  on  account  of  their  ODD  APPEARANCE,  SWEET 
FLOWERS,  and  EASE  OF  CULTURE.  In  order  to  have  a 
premium  different  from  that  otfered  by  any  other  paper,  we 
have  had  collected  for  us  iu  Mexico,  a  FINE  LOT  OF  PLANTS, 
as  described  here. 


Eehinocereiis  Cfespitosus. 

This  is  perhaps  the  handsomett 
blooming  cactus  that  exists,  and  is 
a  very  rare  species,  beint;  found  in 
almost  Inaccessible  places.  He- 
niarkuhle  tor  bloomlno  In  a  very 
small  slate,  plants  ol  only  one  inch 
In  diameter  sometimes  bearing  flow- 
ers two  Inches  across,  of  a  delicate 
purple  color;  delightfully  tragrant. 
It  is  sure  to  plciisp.  Some  <)f  our 
plants  are  now  In  bud,  and  will 
bloom  shortly. 


Ulnniinillnrm  Appln-iiatn. 

A  beautiful  Mexican  caeiiis  of 
the  easiest  erowih.  Needs  no 
watering  for  six  months.  iM-ii-nu- 
white  flowers,  as  shown  In  illustra- 
tlon.  !a>;lini,'  for  a  loii-r  liinf.  |t 
may  be  grown  In  an  ordinary  flower- 
pot saucer,  needing  only  an  occa- 
sional watering,  li  i^  like  :in  :in  - 
piuni.  Cut  oft  the  roots  and  take  it 
out  ot  the  pot,  and  it  wilt  keep  on 
blooming,  one  of  Hit-  Huh  fnatnr.-s 
is  tlie  brilliant,  coral  like  seed-pods, 
which  appear  even  while  blooming. 


M-\MMII  I   \I  I  \     Vl  I  I   \N  VTA. 


EcniNOCEREUS  C^SPITOSUS. 


Fine  plants  >  Cchlnocereus  Csespltosus)  sent  free,  hv  rand,  with  one  .  .    .     ^    .         ..        -. 

yenr'-*  HnbNcription  to  THE  I-^ARM  AND  GARDEN  for  SO  cents  or  given  Ireo  for  a  cinb  of  nix  snbscriberN 
at  'i5  cents  each.  We  will  send  one  of  these  (Mammlllarla  Appla^tatat  foi  a  ehib  ol'eifcht  Hubscribers,  or  give  one 
plant  and  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN  lor  one  year  lor  nincry  cents.    Adili-ess 

CHI^D  BROS.  6l  CO.*  Pubs.  Farm  and  Garaen,  725  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 


8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


Orghaf^d  AND  Small  Fi^uits 


WOLF  RIVER  APPLE. 

We  give  our  readers  a  cut  oi  an  apple  valuable 
for  the  Ndftliwest  un  account  of  its  great  hardi- 
ness. It  is  one  of  the  iron-clads,  and  is  also  de- 
sirable on  account  of  its  line  size,  which  is  shown 
In  our  accurate  cut  taken  from  an  average  size, 
■well-grown  apple.  The  Wolf  River  was  originated 
oy  W.  A.  Springer,  of  Wolf  River,  Fremont  Co., 
Wisconsin,  from  wh'ich  it  takes  its  name.  The 
original  tree,  we  learn,  is  still  growing  in  the 
northwestern  portion  of  Winnebago  Co., 
Wis.  on  the  Wolf  River,  about  twenty 
feet  above  low  water  mark.  The  soil 
is  a  red,  sandy  clay,  very  impervious 
to  water,  and  Wius  originally  cover- 
ed by  white  oak,  ash  and  elm  tim- 
ber. The  land  wliere  the  Wolf 
River  now  grows  was  once  set  in 
a  large  orchard  of  seedling  ap- 
ples, and  now  it  is  almost  the 
only  one  which  has  l)een  hardy 
enough  to  stand  the  climate  and 
surroundings.  The  Wolf  Rivei 
will  succeutl  in  wet  sf>ils  better 
than  any  variety  so  far  tested. 
The  tree  is  a  strong,  spreading 
grower,  wood  dark,  and  buds 
pinkish,  and  what  may  be 
called  an  annual  bearer  al- 
though it  bears  a  heavier  crop 
on  alternate  years,  and  sets  the 
fruit  evenly  through  the  tree. 
We  describe  the  fruit.  Size,  large 
to  very  large.  Kpcdmens  have 
been  shown  of  twenty-eigiit  ounces 
Form  irregular,  usually  roundish- 
oblate  and  often  angular.  Color,  dull 
red  or  crimson  in  the  sun  on  a  yellow- 
ish greenground  with  obscure  stripes  and 
many  small  liglit  dots.  Cavity  nuu-h  rus- 
sotod,  stalk  short.  Only  fair  in  quality,  and 
iccops  well  into  March,  apt  to  shrivel  in  keeping. 
\\'e  are  indebted  to  G.  P.  Pefter,  of  Pewaukee, 
Wis.,  for  our  specimen  and  information  on  the 
apple.  Our  cut  gives  the  exact  size  and  shape  of 
the  apple,  size  of  stem  and  core  of  the  apple;  In 
fact,  it  is  a  perfect  reproduction  of  the  Wolf 
Rivor.    Tree  a  vigorous  grower. 


the  graft,  and  will  grow  and  heal  the  stock  over. 
We  have  liad  stocks  of  one  inch  in  diameter  heal 
over  in  a  year;  when  set  as  is  sometimes  done, 
fail  to  heal  at  all,  and  blow  olf.  Wax  all  exposed 
wood  over  well. 


WHIP-GRAFTING. 


Where  the  graft  and  stock  are  about  the  same 
size,  cleft-grafting  gives  place  to  whip-grafting, 
the  plan  of  wliich  is  shown  in  figure  4.  The  stock 
and  graft  are  each  cut  on  a  slope,  as  shown  in  the 
illustration,  with  a  shar])  thin  knife,  making  a 
snntoth  <-lelt.  Both  are  united  as  shown  and  the 
points  of  stock  and  graft  are  then  trimmed 
evenly,  and  securely  Tied  with  a  string,  well 
waxed.    The  whole  is  then  waxed  over.    When 


CLEFT-GRAFTING. 

Cleft-grafting  Is  the  best  mode  of  grnfting  large 
stocks,  and  the  plan  generally  used.  The  art  is 
one  that  requires  careful  attention  to  small  par- 
ticulars, for  if  in)t  done  properly  the  graft  may 
grow,  but  will  take  years  to  make  a  tree.  If  well 
done  it  will  a.t  once  grow  rapidly;  more  in  one 
year  than  one  poorly  grafted  will  in  three.  Our 
cuts  are  so  perfect  Unit  you  can  at  once  see  how 
to  become  an  expert  in  grafting.  These  cuts  are 
are  made  expressly  t<)  show  what  no  work  on 
grafting  h;is  done  before,  new  and  \aluable  fea- 
tures in  the  art  of  grafting,  and  a  great  improve- 
ment on  the  common  i>la!i.  By  cxatnlning  the 
cuts,  it  will  appear  plainly  to  the  reader. 

Thestock  you  graft  on  liiust  be  cut  very  smooth 
with  a  sharp  saw.  If  the  stock  is  large,  it  Is  bet- 
t<?rt0  4nit  it  t>tf  twice— once  above  where  you  in- 
tend to  graft — so  that  if  it  should  split,  you  can 

cutiigain,and 
have  a  good 
stock  to  graft 
on.  Split  your 
stock,  and 
thenmakethc 
graft,  as  is 
shown  in  the 
cut.  See  rtgurc 
2.in  which  the 
huil  forms  a 
part  of  the 
graft  that  is 
Inserted  in 
the  cleft.  This 
idea  is  a  new 
one, and  when 
the  graft  is 
set,  the  pecu- 
liar   curve    of 


(FuU  Aizff  and  eza4*t  shape,) 


the  tree  1ms  grown,  the  string  needs  loosening. 
Take  a  sharp  knife  and  give  a  drawing  cut  across 
the  string  and  leave  It  alone.  The  growth  of  the 
tree  will  now  spread  the  ends  of  the  cut  apart 
and  allow  the  tree  roon»  to  grow. 


A    LETTER    FROM    NEW  ZEALAND. 

CficirU-.s  Ii;/lri/.  TYMramiki,  ^^'cw  Zfalarui, 

I  have  not  written  to  you  since  the  10th  of  Sejv 
tcmber  and  In  the  Interum,  we  have  pjtsscd 
through  the  most  dismal  attempt  at  a  summer 
that  anyone  ever  remembers,  either  here  or  else- 
where. I  should  think  October,  November,  and 
December,  were  nothing  but  an  unt>roken  spell 
of  wet  weather,  with  almost  constant  gales  of 
cold,  wint(*rly  winds.  The  consequence  is,  that 
most  fruits  have  been  a  failure.  Cherries  ali 
dropped  oft"  before  ripening,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  of  the  hardiest  kinds.  Of  pears,  I  do  not 
believe  that  a  bushel  remained  on  the  trees  In 
the  whole  district.  Plums  are  almost  a  total 
failure.  Of  the  quinces,  not  one  has  set.  Apples 
are  a  very  poor  crop,  excepting  where  the  shelter 
isexeepti<mally  good,  and  even  then  the  fruit  is 
small  and  poor.    Strawberries  were  mi-serable; 


Fig.  1 


Fig.  3. 


the  wood  and  bark  la  sure  to  find  a  sp-wt  in  the 
stock  to  form  a  perfect  union,  wliile  in  a  graft,  as 
commonly  made,  one  sometimes  fails  to  tindsuch 
condition  for  the  union  when  the  graft  is  inserted. 

In  all  cases  you  must  have  the  wood  of  the 
stock  and  that  of  the  graft  even,  no  matter  if  the 
graft  is  inserted  beyond  the  thick  bark  of  the 
tree.  The  graft  should  be  so  Inserted  that  if  the 
V»ark  of  both  graft  and  stock  wer«  to  be  removed, 
they  would  just  be  even,  for  the  sap  always 
starts  and  flows  flrst  between  the  wood  and  bark, 
and  the  graft  should  bo  set  so  the  sai>-wood  of  the 
graft  and  stock  meet.  This  is  important,  and 
must  never  be  neglected.  By  cutting  the  graft 
on  the  bud  i)Ian,  as  we  show  in  the  cut,  this  is 
sure  to  be  done  in  some  part  of  the  graft,  and 
seldom  fails,  even  with  a  novice. 

Do  not  insert  the  graft  too  deeply;  no  deeper 
than  shown  in  the  cut,  where  a  sjMt't  of  white  is 
on  thegraft.aliove  the  stock.  FignrcS  shows  apart 
of  the  slope  of  the  graft  at  a  left  above  the  stoek. 
The  graft  should  never  be  inserted  so  that  the 
white  wood  '•f  the  graft  does  not  apjiear  above 
thestock.  This  is  Important,  for  if  you  graft  as 
we  advise,  the  new  wood  will  at  once  start  from 


PriTi&TlirQ  ("lioice  Seed.    101    Kind^,    Send  for 

r"  e  Lis"     Geo.  A.  Bonnell,  Waterloo,  N.  Y. 

SEEDS, Q 
PLANT%^  ( -.".rn,  Wolcfitne  Outs.  Seed  Polatoe- . 

nther  vf'seiiihti'  ami  Hower  st-eil, iiicliiiliMs bf-st  iioveliies. 
ItOSES!  KOSF.S!  Verbenns  hi  qvianiines.  Cnr- 
nntioim.  Grrnniiiiii!*.  <4rni»e,  Srrn\vberry»  *"d 
Siiinll  Frilil  PliinfM,  whule^inie  and  rHiail.  Cuialoffues 
Free.       ('.  K.  AL1L.EN.  liriittlvborn,  Vcrmonl. 


Ilfst     f'aljhaKe,    Sweet    Corn,    Peas, 
Hash.  rurniD  Et)sila:;e  Corn,  Field 


•P.  S.  CABBAGE.     THE    REST   SEEDS  In  the 

ifurld  supplied  by  ISAkC  F.  TILIINGHKST,  La  Plame,  Pa. 


and  so  were  all  bush  fruits,  excepting  gooseber- 
I'ies,  whii'h  bore  in  a  most  unusual  manner,  the 
bushes  being  loaded  with  heavy  ci'ops  of  very 
large  berries. 

The  e.Ncess  of  moisture  appears  to  have  aggrar 
vated  the  disease  known  here  as  "  root-fungus," 
and  the  mortality  from  it  has  been  unusually 
great.  Our  other  insect  pests  were  also  particu- 
larly troublesome  this  season.  The  small,  green 
lady-bugs,  on  the  plum,  were  far  more  numerous 
than  I  ever  saw  them  before.  Instead  of  staying, 
as  they  usually  do,  two  to  three  weeks,  they 
remained  fully  five,  contining  their  attention 
nut  only  to  the  plum,  cherry,  and  .*^panish  chest- 
nut trees,  as  they  generally  do,  but  making 
attacks,  as  well,  upon  the  apple  trees  and  goose- 
berry bushes,  materially  affecting  the  health 
andvigorof  allof  them,and  in  some  cases, 
stripping  them  of  every  vestige  of  a  leaf. 
None  of  our  small  hird.s  seem  to  eat 
these  insects.  The  fowls  can  onlj  ge( 
them  whentheyare  helped  tothem 
then  they  devour  Ihem  gicodil.'i 
Constant  feeding  of  them  increa,s- 
es  the  powers  of  laying  eggs.  The 
plan  that  I  adopted  to  give  my 
trees  some  protection  from  these 
vorucious  inse<-ts,  was  to  have 
a  couple  of  frames,  eight  feet 
by  fcuir,  covered  with  calico, 
and  a  hinge  down  the  centre  of 
eacli.  These  are  laid  on  the 
groinid,  underneath  the  trees, 
and  the  trees  are  beaten  with 
switches.  The  beetles  fallon  the 
sheets  by  thousands,  and  are 
then  jioured  into  a  can  containing 
El  lilllc  water.  When  the  can  or 
pail  is  full,  it  is  taken  to  the  fowls. 
This  operation  can  only  be  success- 
fully perforincd  between  sunset  and 
dark,  when  the  insects  are  stupid.  If 
c/  disturbed  when  the  sun  Is  shining,  the 

r/         greater  part  of  them  tly  away.    This  nat- 
urally prescrilies  the  time  available  tor  this 
work;    but,  as  it   was  raining   heavily  and 
blowing  hard  nearly  all  the  time  they  were  here, 
I  found  my.self  at  a  very  great  disadvantage  in 
attempting  to  catch  them. 

We  had  not  been  rid  of  these  creatures  more 
than  a  tort  night  before  our  friends  the  leeches 
arrived  In  full  force.  These  loathsome  vermin, 
if  I  may  call  them  ,so,  also  come  in  millions,  and 
devote  their  attention,  principally,  to  the  pear 

and  cherry 
trees,  but  are 
not  above  hav- 
ing a  feed  on 
quince  and 
jilum  trees,  too. 
The,\-  are  called 
the  leech  or 
do  Ip  h  i  n,  and 
are  said  to  be 
the  larva  of  the 
saw  fly.  From 
this  fact,  I 
gather  that  the 
said  fly  has  no 
natural  enemy 
here  to  restrain 
his  increase. 
We  are  so  help- 
less against  the 
ravages  of  these 
things,  that  I 
know  of  o r- 
chardists  who 
are  cutting 
down  their  pear 
trees  In  despair.  In  other  pl.aces,  where  smaller 
trees  only  are  grown,  the  proprietors  find  that 
sprinkling  the  tree  with  a  solution  of  white 
hellebore,  (two  ounces  to  a  gallim  of  water),  has 
a  beneflcial  effect.  Sprinkling  the  tree,  or  rather 
the  larva,  with  air-slacked  linic  and  ashes  will 
also  kill  the  pests,  l>ut  it  is  not  always  easily  done. 
I  have  growled  and  expatiated  on  our  trouldea 
enough  for  one  time,  and  you  will  think  there 
Is  no  one  so  .discontented. 


Figure  i. 


GENUINE  VUELTA   ABAJA 

HAVANA    TOBACCO   SEED. 

ITnvtnp;  import'-d  h  lot  of  Inie  seed  of  iiils  variety,  I 

otfersameat  loe.  per  packet.  We.   per  oimce,  and  ^4  per 

pound.      Free  by   mail.      ('Hlaloijiies  upon   appliealion. 

F.  E.  MrAI*C*ISTKR.  29  and  31  Fttllolii  St..  N.  Y. 


For  a   p:.rkacp   of  Sf  UAR    TROUGH 

GOI'lcn   SF.KD,  and  Ilhistraied  Cata- 
loKue.     Ciourds  ert>w  to  hold  from  five  lo 
ten  s:allons.  >  WAl>DO  F.  BROWN, 
Address.    /        Box  4,  Oxford,  Ohio. 


If  you  want  the  BEST  SEEDS  for  the  I^EAST  :>IONEY,  our  Catalomu' will  aid  yon  to  procure  them, 
because  it  contains  everrtliin«[  «oofl.  hnih  old  and  new.  in  the  trade.  Our  long  experience  enables 
us    to   secure  the  best    nnd    iiioNt    relinb|p    »<torkH  we  oiTer.  and    it  will    surely  jtay  you  to  buy  ot 

us.      By  sending  us  jour  ;nldres.s  we   will  send  vou  a  Catalogue  free  bv    return  mail. 

HOVEY  &  CO., 

16  SOUTH  MARKET  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 

1).  ft.  Marvin,  in  the  liural  ^'cir  Yorker,  writes 
very  hiitfhly  ofthe  Emnclan  seedlings  and  crosses. 
He  believes  there  is  a  great  future  for  the  crosses 
and  hybrids  of  that  variety. 

l>ii^upall  ohi,  worthless  trees  in  the  orchard  for 
firewood.  When  a  poor  variety  is  healthy  and 
in  full  vigor,  you  can  top-graft  it  and  make  it  a 
valuable  tree.  Only  the  most  vigorous  trees  pay 
to  top-graft.    Old  trees  are  worthless. 

If  you  have  blackberries  that  winter-kill,  do 
not  dig  them  up;  but  rather  cultivate  them  well, 
and  we  will  tell  you  in  the  fall  how  to  layer  them 
and  protect  them  from  the  winter.  It  is  easily 
done.    Save  your  blackberries. 

Manure  your  gooseberries  with  well-rotted" 
manure.  I)ig  up  the  grass  around  them.  Make 
the  ground  mellow.  Out  out  the  old  moss  cov- 
ered canes  and  let  the  finest  grow,  and  you  will 
laugh  at  mildew.  Starvation  of  the  soil  and  mil- 
dew are  fast  friends.  Good  culture  is  profit.  So 
it  is  with  all  small  fruits. 

George  P.  Peffer,  of  Pewankee,  Wis.,  a  fruit 
grower  of  large  pxin-rienoe,  recommends  to  us  for 
planting,  in  Wisconsin,  the  following  apples: 
Pewaukee  K.  Goidt-n  Kussett,  Tolman's  Sweet, 
Westfield,  Seek-no-turther,  Gloria  Mundi,  Blue 
Pearman,  Walbridge,  Belltlower  and  Wolf  River, 
which  we  illustrate  in  our  present  number. 

The  Wolf  River  apple  is  sometimes  claimed  to 
be  identical  with  the  Alexander.  It  is  a  seed- 
ling that  resembles  the  Alexander  in  some  re- 
spects, but  not  at  all  in  others,  and  must  be 
regarded  as  a  new  and  distinct  variety.  It  is 
desirable  only  for  the  North-west  on  account  of 
its  hardiness,  fine  size^  and  appearance;  but  its 
quality  is  against  it  in  Central  and  Soutliern 
States. 

The  apple  of  which  we  give  a  cut,  was  from  a 

Slate  that  took  Sii5.UU  in  premiums  at  the  New 
rleans  PLxiJOsition.  First  premium  of  ?li).(W  for 
best  apple  of  any  variety  for  the  Northern  l>is- 
trict,  hiiitude  42° — 19°.  First  premium  for  the 
largest  and  liandsomest  variety  for  that  district— 
Slo.W;  and  ^'i.m  for  best  plate  of  Wolf  River.  Our 
cutis  the  only  correct  cut  of  Wolf  River  that  is 
published. 

This  month  we  give  an  excellent  article  on 
Peach  culture,  from  the  pen  of  .J.  T.  Lovett,  Little 
Silver,  N.  J.  It  is  well  written  and  valuable; 
worth  many  times  the  cost  of  our  paper  for  a 
whole  year.  Mr.  Lovett  has  a  thorough  practieal 
knowledge  of  the  subject,  and  his  advice  can  be 
fearh'ssly  followed.  We  shall  give  the  balance  of 
liis  article  next  month,  and  every  peach  grower 
should  read  both  this  and  the  next  number, 

David  Goodrich,  of  Tioga  County,  N.  Y.,  says 
ducks  are  one  of  the  best  protectors  against  the 
plum  curculio,  he  has  found  in  an  experience  of 
five  years.  He  also  recommends  fierman  salts 
to  be  spread  around  the  tree.  We  presume  he 
means  German  potash  salts,  if  so.  they  must  be 
well  worked  into  the  soil  before  the 'ducks  are 
allowed  to  run  in  the  plum  orchard,  for  tlie  salts 
will  kill  the  ducks  if  they  eat  much  of  them. 

Mottoes  For  Apple  TRiMMixfi.— Prune  close 
and  smooth.  Cut  off  limbs  long,  with  an  axe,  and 
saw  the  stub  left  with  a  sharp  saw,  as  near  the 
tree  as  possible.  Cut  straggling,  spreading  grow- 
ers back.  Head  open  growers  liack.  Prune  out 
all  dead  limbs.  Trim  all  suckers  from  the  roots 
and  branches,  and  leave  the  tree  clean.  Leave 
no  dead  wood  in  the  trees.  Thin  out  all  small, 
weak  inside  branches,  and  cut  ofl  as  few  large 
limbs  as  possible.  Never  use  an  axe  to  prune  oflT 
limbs.  Tsever  leave  a  tree  half  pruned  and  call  it 
well  done.  Too  much  pruning  Is  as  bad  as  too 
little. 

L.  E.  Ambrose,  Minier,  111.,  asks,  l.-If  goose- 
berries and  blackberries  will  grow  in  the  shade. 
2.-H0W  to  start  grape  vines.  8.-Which  is  best. 
tlie  Snyder  or  Wachussett  blackberry.  4.-Besi 
tree  for  shade  on  a  small  lot.  Answer  :  I.-Yes,  if 
not  too  shady  and  dry.  2.-Take  cuttings,  afoot 
or  so  long,  and  cut  the  bottom  end  oft' just  below 
the  bud,  and  set  in  a  warm,  moist  soil.  Some 
varieties  root  more  readily  than  others.  S.-Sny- 
der  is  best  for  you.  4.— The  European  linden 
makes  a  good  shade,  and  does  not  grow  too  large. 
Sugar  maple  makes  a  fine  tree.  The  nuiples,  as  a 
rule,  grow  so  rapidly  tiiat  they  soon  cover  a 
Email  lot. 

Our  thanks  are  due  Mr.  P.  J.  Breckman,  the 
well-known  Southern  pomologist  and  nursery- 
man, for  civilities  extended  to  us  on  a  visit  to 
him  at  his  home  in  Augusta,  Georgia.  Mr.  Breck- 
man's  grounds  and  nurseries  are  large,  and  con- 
tain an  extensive  collection  of  fruits  especiallv 
adapted  to  the  Soutliern  States,  as  well  as  many 
long  keeping  ai)ples  well  suited  for  Nort'aern  cul- 
ture. We  are  trying  many  of  them,  and  during 
the  year  will  describe  our  success.  Mr.  Breck- 
man succeeds  well  in  growing  early  peaches, 
wild  goose  plums,  and  early  fruits  for  Northern 
markets,  as  well  as  carrying  on  one  of  the  most 
extensive  nurseries  and  greenhouses  in  the 
South. 

According  to  the  Ainerican  Farmer,  B.  G.  Buell, 
a  well  known  orchardist  of  Michigan,  finds  toji- 
grafted  trees  on  such  hardy  stocks  :vs  Northern 
Spy  and  Duchess  of  Oldenburg  to  withstand  the 
eflTectsof  intensely  cold  winters  much  better  than 
root-grafted  trees;  and  the  Red  Canada  top- 
grafted  on  the  Northern  Spy,  nearly  escaped  in 
the  unprecedented  cold  of  1873  and  l«7o,  when 
otliers,  such  as  the  Baldwins,  were  killed  outright. 
Thompkins  County  King  was  much  injured  by 
this  intensely  cold  winter,  and  the  trunks  were 
split  and  many  of  the  larger  branches  killed. 
Wherever  the  trees  thus  injured  were  severely 
pruned  and  shortened  in,  the  trees  were  saved; 
those  not  pruned  died  in  a  few  years,  thus  show- 
ing the  injury  a  tree  suffers  from  neglect  in  re- 
moving dead  limbs. 


Potash  salts  are  divided  into  three  kinds  or 
classes.  The  muriate  consist  of  those  potash 
'salts  that  -iintain  SO  per  cent,  of  muriate  of  pot- 
ash. The  snlj)hate  consists  of  high  grade  sul- 
phate or  80  per  cent,  of  potash  sulphate.  Low 
grades  of  potash  salts,  that  contain  from  20  to  30 
percent,  of  ptitash  salts,  are  called  kainit.  The 
potash  salts  are  all  valuable  in  fruit  growing. 
The  kainit,  especially  so,  lor  the  sulphate  and 
muriate  of  magnesia  it  contains,  usually  30  per 
cent.,  is  a  valuable  fertilizer  for  the  peach  and 
and  apple.  Soils  that  are  derived  from  magne- 
sian  limestone  are  the  best  apple  lands.  Sections 
of  Arkansas,  whose  exhibits  of  beautiful  fruit  at 
NewOrleansweretlie  wonder  of  all  who  saw  them, 
exceeding  in  c<ilor  and  size  even  those  of  Kansas 
and  Missouri,  have  land  of  this  derivation.  Pot- 
ash salts  are  valuable  in  all  soils  that  are  sandy, 
and  all  soils  derived  from  limestone,  but  are  not 
valuable  in  soils  that  are  derived  from  granite,  or 
which  are  rull  of  mica.  The  farmer  must  study 
soils  as  well  a.s  fertilizers. 

We    begin   a   new    departure    from    the    usual 

plan  of  figuring  and  describing  fruit.^  which  we 

feel  sure  will  please  our  readers.     We  make  all 

■  our  cuts  from  perfect  specimens  only,  and  '>f  the 

I  exact  size  of  'he  apple  when  well  grown       We 

give  neither  a  cut  of  extra-sized  specimens  or 

I  those  of  under  size,  and  the  reader  will  be  able 

I  at  a  glan<-e  to  see  how  large  the  fruit  may  oe  ex- 

I  pected  in  good  cultivation.    Our  cuts  are  made 

on  wood,  at  an   extra  expense,  to  enable   us  to 

I  give  our  readers  a  perfect  representation  of  the 

,  fruit  we  describe.  They  are  all  made  by  A.Blanc, 

i  of  Philadelphia,  and  are  true  to  life  in  everv  par- 

I  ticular.    We  intend  to  make  the  F.\rm  a>'D  Gar- 

j  DKN  the  standard  auHiority  in  both  accuracy  of 

I  cuts    and  descriptions   of  all    new  varieties    of 

iruits.    This  will  entail  on  us  much  extra  labor 

and  expense,  often  requiring  a  personal  visit  to 

see  the  fruit  in  bearing,  and  unusual  care  in  full 

and  tiiorough    investigations.     We   intend   that 

the  appearance  of  a  cut  of  a  fruit  in  the  Farm 

AND  (Jarden  shall  l(e  an  evidence  of  merit,  and 

the  accuracy  of  description  will  at  once  enable 


the  rea<ler  to  tell  the  value  of  the  fruit  we  de- 
scribe. We  shall  always  give,  when  it  is  possible 
to  attain  it,  the  kind  of  soil  in  which  the  variety 
originated,  as  they  usually  do  best  in  soils  like 
the  one  where  they  originated.  We  also  give  the 
manner  of  bearing  and  all  the  facts  the  nursery- 
man and  Iruit-grower  is  desirous  of  learning.  For 
accuracy  and  completeness  of  detail  the  Farm 
AND  Garden  can  always  be  relied  on,  and  it  will 
also  be  the  first  to  give  a  new  fruit  the  fullest  in- 
vestigation, and  will  in  all  cases  recommend  a 
a  fruit  of  real  practical  value  and  merit.  We 
know  our  plan  will  meet  the  confidence  and  ap- 
proval of  our  readers. 

A  good  grafting-wax  is  made  of  equal  parts  tal- 
low, resin,  and  beeswax,  melted  together  and 
well  stirred;  then  poured  into  cold  water,  and 
when  cool  encnigh,  worked  w^ell  with  the  hands. 
A  little  more  tallow  will  make  the  wax  softer 
and  work  easier,  but  will,  perhaps,  be  too  .soft  for 
a  hot  sun,  and  may  melt  from  the  tree  in  summer. 

Root-Grafting.— Root-grafting  is  only  (whip- 
grafting,  where  a  piece  of  root  is  taken  for  the 
stock,  and  is  grafted  as  is  shown  in  figure  I.  The 
root-grafts  are  then  set  in  rows  about  four  or  five 
feet  apart,  and  a  foot  to  sixteen  inches  in  the 
rows,  and  are  cultivated  for  two  years;  they  are 
then  ready  to  transplant.  Set  them  so  that  only 
a  bud  of  the  graft  is  above  ground,  and  pack  the 
earth  solidly  around  them.  If  loosely  set,  they 
will  not  grow.  The  string  that  is  used  in  tying 
the  graft  need  not  be  cut,  as  it  will  rot  off  in  the 
soiL 

You  i/'ditt  ft  jtracticaf  paper.  We  fcnow  U,  and 
f/ou  sfutlf  hdve  it.  As  (otuj  a.s  TlIE  FARM  AND  GAR- 
DEN i-s  pithlishcd  1/ou  iritj  ?)/ive  ti  pmctical  paper. 
Our  edWtr.s  are  /anner.s  and  know  ivUat  farmerH 
want.     They  want  the  best,  and  deserve  it  too. 


Best  ami  nio^l  prortlnble  UATE  WHITE 

^^,         PEACH;  5«,0«0  treo-Jiioludingleadin,; 

^^^     v[iricti.-.s.  \V  lIUum'M  Early  Red,  oneof  tbo 

'____r^^:    rri'i^t  .l.-siral>le  L-urly  applff*.   Uood  9l-.«;k Ap- 

FORU.Sl  P.'*^   Treet*.  .'iiibrarinL-   n,i,.r    f>*.pulur  kinds. 

-^^^g  Karly  Klehmontl,    Montmorency,  and 

""^  ii'lier  chiiii-e  cherrk'w.  (■i-upc*'.  Strowber- 

^^    plea,  Raupberric".  ww  ^irut  i']ii>-r  vjiriiiti'^, 

imi.fKWl  ■.'.y('ar-oM   AHpnrniCUH  root**.    l.arcL' 

'fiiok    shade   and  oriiauii-ntal  trees.      .Scud  lor 

catalogue.  S.  E  Bogera  &  Son,  Mt.  Holly,  N.  J. 


For    Sprinff    Planting. 

I  We  offer  the  largest  and  most 
complete  general  stock  in  the 
U.  S.,  bcsuics  many  Noveltlei. 
Priced  Catalogues  as  follows: 
No.  I.  Fruit,  IOC.  No.  2.  Orna- 
iiental  Trees.  15c.  No.  3.  SmaU 
I-tiiits.  No.  4.  \Miolesale.  No-  5, 
Roses,  free.  El.LWANi^EK  &  BA  UKY, 

.>U.  Mope  Nurseries,  Kochesler,  N.  \. 


TREES! 

ROSES 

GRAPE  VINES 


Foliage  plantS  § 

o 
o 


GREENHOUSE  PJ.ANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE    flAII.Kn  ON  APPLICATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &.  SONS- 

Rldge  and  Lehigh  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


QsAGE  Qrange  Plants 


ti-Vi'.ir-Olil  at  low  ralca  in 
ami   iij)\v:ir<l. 


lotH  of  -JO.OOO 

il    iisscitrnt-m   of 


GRAPE    VINES.    SMALL    FRUIT 

PLANTS,  FRUIT   TREES,  OR- 

NAMENTAL  AND  SHADE. 

.\d-  ' 

dress 


POlk&HYATT  °°d¥l^.*' 


TELL    YOUR    WIFE    ABOUT    IT! 


IF  YOl 
RUMSON 


•  IIAVi;  NO  WIFE.  TELL  YOrU  np.ST  GIRL  THAT  THE 

NURSERIES    ARE    THE    HEADQUARTERS    OF    THE 


GREAT  NEW  QUINCE  "MEECH'S  PROLIFIC." 


fViul  tliat  aslontshlntr  yields  are  reported  bv  those  who  are  so  fortunate  as  tn  have  trees  ot  tliat 
variety  in  liearing.  .Xisoadvise  lier  !■>  send  for  a  ealendar  tellins;  oft  lie  w.aiders  oi  the  MEECH'S 
PROLIFICJQUINCE,  a  hands.  >niei.h<itograiili,  ami  a  eireular  giving  desiript  ion,  direet  ions  in  cul- 
ture, method  nf  pruning,  interestiugartielesfi'oni  the  press,  and  valuable  reel  pes;  they  will  cost 
her  notliing.  Intimate  to  her  that  a'  MEECH'S  PROLIFIC  QUINCE  tree  would  be  a  more  a|.preeia- 
blc  "birthday  present  "  than  a  pair  of  slippers,  and  that  in  the  near  future  you  might  buiether 
enjoy  the  produet  of  sueh  a  gift.  This  nil  I  please  her.  She  niav  beglad  to  know,  too,  thai  the  RUM- 
SON  NURSERIES  have  the  lari;.-!  stnek  of  MULBERRY'TREES  i"  Alneriea,  and  a  Kill  line 
ofORNAiVIENTALTREES  AND  SHRUBS,  an. It  hat  SILK  CULTURE  is  a  suitabl.- an. 1  prohtal.le  busi- 
ness r.ir  ladi.-s.  Tliisadvie.-,  liowiver.  Is  ii..t  Intended  t.>  debar  lli.  .si- wli.i  have  neithei  wile  nor 
sweetheart  from  proeuring  tr.-.-s  ..i  ilie  GREAT  NEW  QUINCE,  lor  w.-  pity  su.h,  a^id  w.aibl  gladly 

supply  them  witli  trees  and " "     "    "" 

make  them  happy.    Add 


ig  tr.-.s..l  llie  GREAT  NEW  QUINUt.  i..r  w.-  pii.N  sii.  ii,  ...lo  ........  b...u.j 

d.  HANCE  &  BORDEN,  U  BanU.  J.or  31  Mon  StJ.Y. 


X83e.         I>01VI03?XA.     NXJRSEFIIES.         X88S. 

XIstAlollfitlioc^     XS3S. 

PARRY   STRAWBERRY 

IsaviKorous  erower  perfept  flower,  very 
profinciivf.  most  T>e:iutirul  bright  color, 
ripeniiiu'  evenly  all  over,  large  size,  highest 
in   flavor  niid   firm. 

BESTFORMmandrAMILVUSE 

MARLBORO, 

The    Largest    Early    RASPBERUY 

WILSON   JUNIOR, 

The   Largest  Known   BLACKBERRY. 

'It   i.i  ni-arhi  n   tveek  rarUer    tlinn    II'iVw.,.  s 

»!/■;;/."— Wilaier  Atkiiisou  iu  I\trm  Juujnal. 

Splected   berries   measured    4'i    inches   in 

eircumferenee  leiigtliwise  b.v  3'a  Indies 

crosswise,  and  prodiieert  more  than 

110    bllshelH    per   iicre. 

HEADQUARTERS    FOR 

KIEFFER    AND    LAWSON    PEAflS, 

GRAPES,    CURRANTS,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  FREE.   WILLIAM  PARRY,  Parry  P.  0.,  N.  J. 


lO 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


liivB  Stock. 


iVIiftt  fjntin  ix  cluap  and  m^al  df^T(};/edthr  f/rnin  and 
.tfitl.  nital.  When  (/rain  is  drar,  srfl  grain.  Talk  as  Uttlr  of 
hard  tiiiirs  an  poxsihfr.  Bifsincss  will  be  ttull  and  {rrnin 
tmv  ax  IfiUf/  as  proplr  s/op  work  and  lament  fuird  timet. 
Come,  let  lui  cheer  up.  and  )»ii.\li  ahead. 


WOOL  OR    MUTTON? 

The  low  price  of  wool,  for  some  time  past,  has 
led  many  farmers  to  ask  :— "Shall  we  grow  wool  j 
or  mutton  ?    At  the  price  of  wool,  there  is  no  pro  ! 
fit  in  it,  and  there  must  ho  higher  rates,  or  tlie  I 
production  must  diminisli.    The  question,  shall  ; 
we  grow  mutton,  is  not  an  easy  one  to  answer. 
The  marl<:et  for  mutton  is  increasini;,  and  when  , 
we  gjrow  as  <;ood  an  article  as  our  Englisli  cousins 
we  shall  hud  a  largely  increased  demand  for  it. 
We  trust   the    sheep-grower   will   look   into  the 
mutton  breeds  of  sheep  to  sec  if  he  cannot  find 
more  profit,  to  change  from  all  wool  to  wool  and 
mutton.    If  he  does,  he  must  look  over  the  list  of 
the    Downs,    and    he  will    find   some    excellent 
breeds  for  wool  and  mutton  among  them. 

SMALL  YORKSHIRES. 

The  breed  of  smali  Yorkshires,  although  not  of 
large  size,  is  one  of  tlie  most  vahialde  to  cross 
with  the  ordinary  stork  in  farmers  (u-n-s.  The 
cross  will  hf  far  niore  quiet  than  the  common 
hog  and  fatten  far  younger,  more  easily,  and 
cheaply.  For  a  pig  to  make  a  dressed  weight  of 
300  pounds  (tf  good,  fine  i)oriv  at  the  iigc  of  eight 
or  ten  months,  we  know  of  no  better  than  a 
Yorkshire  cross,  which  will  make  a  thrifty  pig, 
and  one  very  easily  k<-pt.  They  require  less  than 
one-half  of  the  feed  usually  required  Ibr  tin-  com- 
mon grade- st<H-k.  Tile  white  color  of  the  York- 
shire is  not  esteemed  l»y  many,  and  the  breed  is. 
by  some,  not  deem 'd  liardy.  "  We  find  them  not 
bony,  but  still  vi*ry  hardy  and  valuable  for  the 
purpose  we  name.  Uur  readers  will  find  It  will 
be  a  good  investment  to  buy  a  Yorkshire  pig 
for  use  in  breeding  a  cheaper  pork,  and  one  tak- 
ing but  little  grain  lo  fjitten. 

APRIL   PIGS. 

This  Is  the  best  month  during  the  year  for  pigs 
to  come  In.  They  should  be  kept  in  the  pens,  in 
a  warm  and  dry  place,  until  the  middle  of  May, 
when  they  may  he  allowed  to  go  into  the  fields  of 
grass.  Pigs  that  come  in  during  this  month,  will 
have  about  nine  months  tor  growth,  and  sh<»uld 
weigh,  in  -lanuary,  at  least  2(H)  pounds,  though 
they  often  reach  heavier  weights.  They  do  best 
when  they  receive  the  most  care  at  first.  The 
first  six  weeks  of  a  pig's  existence,  is  the  most 
important  period.  If  kept  in  good  condition. 
and  not  sull'erlng  from  cold,  it  gets  a  good  start. 
which  is  everything,  as  all  farmers  know  that  a 
stunted  pig  niakes  but  little  growth  until  late  in 
the  season.  As  the  weather  usually  opens  favor- 
ably in  May,  no  tiiin'  is  lost,  and  when  the  pigs 
are  farrowed  in  April,  they  will  reach  an  age  in 
May  that  permits  them  to  be  partially  weaned. 
It  is  not  best  to  take  them  from  the  sow  loo 
early.  If  they  arc  Injuring  her,  the  better  plan 
to  pursue  Is  to  feed  tln-m  skimmed  milk,  allow- 
ing them  to  have  access  to  her  twice  a  day,— 
morning  and  night— and  the  weaker  ones  may 
be  allowed  to  remain  two  weeks  longer  than  the 
others.  liy  good  management  from  now  to  the 
first  of  .June,  the  spring  pigs  may  be  made  to 
overtake  the  fall  pigs,  especially  if  llic  latter  have 
been  exposed  during  the  winter. 


Keep  young  pigs  dry  and  warm.  (^Ican  pens 
and  dry  beds  are  very  desirable.  Dampness 
makes  mange,  which  stops  the  growth,  and,  as 
Paddy  said,  "Tliere  will  be  more  age  than  pig.' 

8alt. — Stock  will  need  salt  at  this  season,  more 
than  during  tlie  winter,  and  it  is  a  matter 
which  should  l)e  looked  after.  Many  cases  of 
hovcn  in  cattle  or  colic  in  horses  are  caused  by  a 
deficiency  of  a  supply  of  salt. 

FEEDixfi  BoxE  Meal.— A  small  quantity  of.; 
clean  bone  meal,  fed  to  pregnant  animals,  will  be 
highly  relished.  Otfer  it  tc»  your  cows,  and  you 
may  notice  that  they  will  eat  it  readily.  It  fills  a 
desirable  want,  and  slionld  always  be  placed 
where  they  can  have  access  to  it  if  not  given 
otherwise. 

The  Water  Supplt.- If  there  is  no  running 
water,  a  windmill  should  be  used  for  filling  a 
large  tank,  to  which  connections  may  be  made  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  conduct  water  to  the  barn  or 
even  to  the  fields.  This  will  be  found  a  cheap 
method,  which  will  keep  up  the  supply  of  water, 
if  the  well  is  a  good  one,  and  save  considerable 
labor. 

The  Shoes.— Take  off  the  disagreeable  rough  I 
shoes  that  have  served  their  purpose  during  llie 
winter,  and  replace  them  with  others.  For  horses 
that  are  to  work  on  soft  ground,  there  is  no  neces- 
sity for  using  heavy  shoes,  which  add  weight  to 
the  feet  without  corresponding  benefit;  but  on 
hard  stony  roads  the  shoes  should  be  hard  and 
good,  but  not  to<»  heavy. 

Dkoppings  in  the  Pastt'KE.— It  will  be  a  sav- 
ing to  send  a  cart  to  the  pasture  and  collect  the 
droppings,  especially  if  you  wish  to  avoid  those 
unsighily  tusso<'ks  which  give  an  uneven  appear- 
ance to  the  pasture.  If  a  i>asture  is  to  lie  man- 
ured, it  should  he  done  evenly,  and  for  that 
reason  all  droppings  should  be  collected  and 
placed  in  the  barn-yard. 

Ci'T  Food.— .\lthough  we  have  always  recom- 
mended passimr  the  long  food  through  a  cutter. 
vet.  we  di>  ni>t  think  it  a  safe  method  unless  the 
liay  is  free  from  weeds,  as  the  stock  will  separate 
the  -rood  from  that  which  is  bad.  When  tliuly 
cut.  however,  the  whole  is  calen.  Straw,  corn- 
fodder,  and  good,  clean  ha.v  should  be  cut,  but 
the  poorer  articles  should  Jie  fed  in  an  entire 
condition. 

vV  country  editor  we  know  who  keeps  a  fine 
horse  and  who  Is  a  g<»od  Judge  itf  horseflesh. 
gives  as  his  plan  of  feeding  a  horse.  "Kicpall 
feed-boxes  sweet  and  dean.  Cut  ab<iut  ten 
pounds  of  hay,  free  I'rom  dust,  and  put  it  in  a 
light,  clean  box.  Pour  over  it  enough  hot  water 
to  wet  it,  then  put  In  three  or  four  quarts  of 
finely-ground  oals  and  corn,  and  stir  well ;  a  little 
salt  inav  be  sometimes  added.  When  cool 
feed. 

The  B.vrx-yakd.— This  should  be  thoroughly 
cleaned  out  every  spring,  liy  hauling  away  every 
(mnce  of  manure.  Befi»re  accumulating  a  new 
heap,  haul  plenty  of  dry  dirt  into  the  yard,  and 
spread  It  thickly  as  an  abs.ubent.  It  will  not 
only  serve  as  a  disinfectant,  but  will  assist  mater- 
ially in  arresting  mudi  of  the  soluble  ingredients 
that  are  usually  l»»sl  f<ir  want  of  such  material  as 
fine  earth.  Althtuigh  the  dirt  itself  may  not 
possess  manurial  value,  yet,  every  load  of  it 
which  may  be  placed  in  the  barn-yard,  will  be- 
come valuable  bei'ore  the  season  is  over  by  virtue 
of  its  absorbent  qualities. 


EXPERIENCE   WITH    STEAMED    FOOD. 

In  conversation  with  a  dairyman,  who  has 
given  steamed  food  to  stock  during  the  seas(m, 
we  arc  informed  that  in  comparison  with  dry 
food  there  was  a  saving  of  one-third  the  quantity 
of  the  tood  required,  while  the  yield  of  milk  wjis 
nearly  dt)ublo.  In  addition  to  the  saving  in  food 
and  increase  in  yield,  the  cows  average  a  gain  In 
flesh  of  175  pounds,  the  herd  numbering  fifty. 
This  refutes  the  claim  on  the  part  of  many,  that 
it  does  not  pay  to  steam  the  food  owing  to  the  cost 
of  labor  and  "fuel.  The  food  was  not  thoroughly 
cooked,  but  heated  by  the  steam  until  the  mass 
of  cut  hay  wassoftened  and  thoroughly  warmed. 
The  bran,  meal  and  other  concentmled  material 
was  mixed  with  the  hay,  and  the  whole  steamed 
at  one  operation.  The  extra  cost  was  about  $'S) 
for  fuel,  and  S50  for  labor,  the  cost  per  cow  being 
about  SI. 51.1.  The  increase  in  weight  of  the  animals, 
(175  pounds  each)  was  87-50  pounds,  which  at  only 
five  cents  a  pound,  is  $4.'J7.5u,  or  six  times  as  mu<-h 
as  the  cost  of  labor  and  fuel,  while  the  saving  of 
one-third  of  the  food,  an^  largely  increasing  "the 
yield,  carries  the  profit  to  a  considerable  sum. 
Only  one  extra  help  was  necessary,  and  the  boiler 
to  warm  the  quarters  also,  it  being  at  one  end  of 
the  building.  The  gain  is  attributed  to  the  food 
being  rendered  more  easily  digested,  and  being 
fed  warm  tlie  animals  do  not  suft'er  at  any  time 
from  cold,  or  lack  of  comfort. 


STOCK   NOTES. 


Does  your  wife,  daughter,  or  hired  girl  do  the 
milking?  If  so,  we  say  keep  the  barn-yard  well 
littered  and  clean.  Have  a  good  gate  at  the  yard, 
and  a  nice,  clean  walk  to  it. 

Lambs.— Feed  them  well  from  the  start  and 
market  them  as  soon  as  possible.  April  is  rather 
late  for  laml)s,  and  we  would  remind  our  readers 
that  as  the  early  lambs  niake  the  early  mothers, 
there  is  no  advantage  in  retaining  any  that  are 
dropped  this  months  I^et  theni  go  t«  market- 
ewes  and  rams— thereby  gradually  increasing, 
not  only  the  prf>lificacy  of  the  flock,  but  aJso 
inducing  early  maturity. 


Salt  is  valuable  for  stock  of  all  kinds.  Every 
farmer  should  buy  a  lump  of  rock  salt,  which 
usually  costs  about  5t»  cents  per  hundred  pounds, 
and  put  it  where  all  stock  can  have  access  to  it. 
We  have  seen  cattle  stand  by  such  lumps  and 
lick  them  for  hours.  They  seemed  to  en^oy  it  so 
much,  that  we  were  repaid  the  cost  of  it  in  being 
able  to  give  then\  so  much  contented  enjoyment. 
Do  not  forget  when  you  are  in  town  to  get  the 
rock  salt. 

In  keeping  a  hor.se  fat,  there  is  as  much  in  the 
driver  as  in  the  feed.  A  horse  well  curried  and 
rubbed  with  a  woolen  rag  afterward,  is  sure  to 
make  a  sleek-coated  horse,  and  when  well 
giHiomed  is,  we  may  say,  half  fed.  A  cross  and 
nervouj  driver  will  fill  the  horse  with  fear  and 
dre'id.  and  will  rapidly  run  him  down.  Use 
any  animal  kindly.  Always  be  firm  and  make 
it  iiiind,  but  never  get  excited.  A  cool-headed 
driver  niakes  a  long-headed  horse. 

Cleaning  the  Stalls.— Now  that  the  warm 
season  is  approaching,  there  will  at  times  be  dis- 
iigreeable  odors  in  the  stables,  wiiich  should 
never  be  allowed  where  good  milk  and  butter  are 
desired.  One  of  the  best  safe-guards  is  to  clean 
the  stalls  thoroughly  every  day,  and  sprinkle 
the  floors  with  a  lewhandfuls  of  dry,  fine  plaster, 
which  will  absorb  the  ga.ses  and  also  increase  the 
value  of  the  manure,  as  it  has  a  ^reat  affinity  for 
ammonia,  completely  arresting  its  escape,  there- 
by preventing  loss. 

The  Work  Horses.— Stop  the  corn  ration  as 
soon  ivs  the  sciuson  l)ecomes  warm,  substitute 
oats,  and  more  work  wil".  be  performed.  Fat  is 
not  desirable  in  a  work-horse,  but  he  should  have 
all  the  muscle-producing  food  he  can  eat.  Corn 
is  loo  heating,  causing  profuse  sweating,  thereby 
weakening  the  animal.  If  the  horses  are  allowed 
up<»n  the  pasture  during  a  few  leisure  hours  of 
rest,  be  careful  to  add  a  small  quantity  of  salt  to 
their  food  when  they  are  taken  to  the  stalls  and 
do  not  permit  them  t»)eat  ttuiniuch  youngclover 
at  one  time. 

The  Straw.— The  majority  of  farmers  are  of 
the  ojiinion  tliat  when  using  straw  for  bedding, 
it  assists  in  niakii.g  manure  when  uu  longer 
reiiuired  in  the  stalls.  This  is  true,  but  straw  is 
a  very  tough  material  and  does  not  easily  decom- 
pose. Its  imler  coating  is  composed  of  a  hard, 
silicious  snbstan<'e.  insoluble  in  water,  and  not 
acted  upon  by  many  chemicals.  To  get  the  best 
results,  it  is  best  to  use  only  cut  straw  as  bedding, 
which  renders  it  fine,  thereby  more  intimately 
mingling  it  with  the  manure,  and  causing  decom- 
position more  readily.  Such  manure  will  also  be 
bandied  with  greater  facility,  wliile  the  straw  so 
prepared,  makes  better  bedding  and  serves  as  a 
sujierior  absorbent. 

(JRINDING  CoRNC'oii.s.— There  is  some  dispute 
jis  to  the  value  of  the  cob  as  tood.  The  cob  really 
possesses  a  certain  proportion  of  nutritive 
substance,  but  in  an  insoluble  or  indigestible 
condition.  It  is  rich  in  potash,  and  contains, 
also,  lime,  magnesia,  soda,  and  other  matter,  all 
of  which  are  appropriated  as  food.  In  recent 
experiments  made,  it  was  demonstrated  that 
where  the  grain  and  t'ob  w^re  ground  together  to 
a  vn-)i  fine  condition,  and  the  meal  so  made, 
mixed  with  coarse  food  and  steamed,  the  result 
was  more  satislaetory  than  when  the  same  quan- 
iity  of  corn  was  fed  without  the  cob.  We  believe 
the  cob  can  be  made  available,  and  trust  our 
readers  will  experiment  with  it. 


Chester  While.   Berk-  PTflC! 
shire  and  Potand  China  i  -l.\XO, 

I  Flni'^i-tU-rl»oe«.  -^.-ot.-h  <'<iII1ch. 

I  Fo\  IIoiiikUiiikI  l{i-asli-pt.  ^heep 

_  '  aii.l    I'millrv.    't-.I    rtnd    li.r    salt;    bj- 

t^W.  GIBBON^  &  CO..  Westchester. 
Send  Stamp  lor   Circular  and  Price   List. 

X'ppQLaneslmn,  Wvandntte,R.C.BXeghnrn.Pekin, 
Xj\J\JO  Huck,  aud  other  leadine  varipiies.  ?1.35  per  13. 
B.  Tiirkev.  *.i.l>^  per  13.    J.  <;.  FISHER.  Smrilon.  Dt-l. 


KcM..!.^'?.  GUERNSEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 

Al-i.i  TIIOK(»rOH  KK  ED!S  ANI)  «;RAnES. 
YoHllK  Stork  (it  sale.  Scnci  stamp  fin-  fntnlntfiie. 
T.  WALTER   &.-   SONS.  WEST  CHESTEK.  Pn. 


REGISTERED  SWINE 

Tli-.muu'h  Nrtvi  Che8ter  Whiten.  Po- 

land'C'hInam  &  Imported  Berkshlrefl 

True  pedlj|ree  ?i"'tJ  »  nh  <>M-rv  Knimal  fold.  StroDR,  healthy 
etocfc  odIv.  Purity  guaranteed.  Scnd^tamp  Tor  mw  Cats- 
loarue.    O.  U.  WarrinstoD,  Box  624.  West  Cheater.  Pa. 

Headquarters  for  all  articles  need  by 
horsemen,  works  on  the  Horse,  horse  pic- 
tuFfs.  road,  track,  and  racing  pictures; 
celebrated  horwes,  200subject!*;  Veterinary 
niedicineb  and  horse  noods  of  every  de- 
siTiption.  Price  list  of  5C0  articles  needed 
Ijv  horsr-men  mailed  free. 
a.  H.  TUTTLE.TS  Nassau  iit.,X.Y 


'2806Lbs.Wg't| 

of  two  OHIO  IMPROVED 
^CHESTER  HOCS! 

,,  '  !S'^n<i  for  desi-ription  ot  tiiid 
I  famous  breeil.  Also  Fowls. 
IL.B.SILVER,Cleveland,0. 


JERSEY 


CATTLE.BIM.  (  AI.F 
rNKE<iISTEREI>  IIEIIEU. 

Addreil  I.  P.  WHCtLtR.  Qulncy.  III. 


ICDCCVC  FRUITVALiB  FAK.M.  I     |CDCCV 
JLnOLI  I  BrownAWhltFLeyhornm  I     JkTlVtl 

jlrni  Bitik  I  »  PUmouth  Rock  fowl«»  Egos.  I   "  ndt  Kthn" 

REDS.  lF^A^M°EI{.^v.vy,•^^:l;  I  cattle 

Alortimer  \\  hiteliend,  Mlddlebuih,  New  Jertn. 


25 


YEARS  IN  THE 

POULTRY  YARD. 

It^tii  Edition.  108  PageB,  explain- 
ing.' ihe  entire  business.  Gives 
symptoms  and  beat  remedies  (or 
all  diseases.  A  Sd-iiaLre  Illustrated 
Catalogue.   All  for2r.r.  in  stamps. 

A.  M.   LANG. 
Cove  Dale.  Lewis  Co.   Ky. 


PRESTON'S  miOTTE  EJZETTE, 

Size,  9x11.  Finest  50c.  Poultry  Book  in  the  world. 
Contains  three  eletranl  c-hromos,  and  oricinal  cost  ol 
other  larse  eneravincs  over  $fino.  Also,  all  manner  of 
brief,  prnrtirni,  niiH  vnliiable  poultry  information. 
Handsome  larir*"  HI  list  rn  led  ("irnilar  Iree. 
GEO.  A.  PRESTON.  Biti«haniptou,  New  York. 


DO  YOU  OWN  A  HORSE? 

Tlioii  sonil'2.'ic.  fnr  Dr,  Kpndall'B 
Trofttisc  ou  "The  lIor9« 
and  hl«  Tkliicaiieii."  Fully 
illiivt  rati'd.  Onntaining  an 
*'lndex  of  dlftcaKeii**  which 
g\\v  tbi.-  nymptoniB,  oaune, 
aii'l  best  treatment  "f  ench. 
A  liihlc  giviiiK  all  ttir'  prtacl> 
pal  drueH  us.d  for  tht'  hurae, 
with  the  ordinary  dose* 
effeet*.  H'ld  antidote  wht-u 
a  pnisdii  :  a  tuiilc  Willi  iin  en- 
icravlne  "T  ""  h  o  rse  *« 
teeth  ;"  dlfTopcnt  aeeM* 
will  "jlf^  for  telllni;  thr  B|re 
of  th(^  horof,  X  vuluable 
nilloi-tion  ot  i-pcclptM.  »nd 
much  other  DSeftol  Infnpmntfon.  TlunisandH  who  hii\.'  sen  iha 
hi.rtk  r.ondiipnii  ii,  iiinl  pii:iii\  eood  hopnemen  say  ihvy  ppffor  It 
to  bookM  eoMtlnir  #f».0*r  U  c.-iilnins  ii.Hliiiie  which  should 
.■\(^liide  It  from  tin-  nii>'it  r<_-ttiieil  fnniily.  but  it  should  be  read  by 
ail,  as  it  teaohe'i  hunmiie  prlnclp''''-  »"''  cK-\mIi-s  ihe  morah  hy 
r'uifnding  us  that  "the  mercinil  man  U  merelfnl  to  hiN 
beaut.**  Order  now  nti.t  »-end  I'.i  .ciite  iu  stumps  or  [lostal-nolc,  im-l 
roocive  book,  po?l-pfti<t.  I'v  fiiirri  luojl.      Xihln-s, 

rRtNKUN  NEWS  CO..  PHIUOELPHIk.  PENN*. 


THE    FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


1 1 


©HE  eoULini^Y  yA^D. 


Tlir  Farm  niul  garden  contains  more  informa- 
tiun  lor  llic  larmcr  who  valui-s  meal  and  eee» 
nbove  Ij-allii-rs.  than  any  poultry  iiaper  costiis 
$l.-j.>  a  yi-ar.  If  you  agree  w;ith  this,  please 
send  ns  a  elub, 

APRIL  THE   BEST  MONTH    FOB    EGGS. 


It  is  natural  witli  birds  to  l)egln  laying  very 
«arlv  in  the  spring.  It  is  an  Instinct  promi'leu  by 
the  desire  to  allow  as  long  a  time  as  possil)le  tor 
tin-  vc>iiriL'|oi;ro\v,  inorder  that  they  maybe  selt- 
siist'aiiiiii '  l»lore  the  cold  season  sets  in;  and, 
but  lor  diunestication,  the  hens  would  not  only 
begin  to  lav  early,  but  also  proceed  to  hatch  out 
the  brood 'after  depositing  a  limited  number  ol 
CKS  in  the  nest.  Domestication,  however,  has 
changed  the  natural  habits  of  the  birds,  and 
there  is  no  uniformity  in  the  manner  and  tmies 
of  laying.  April  Is  a  month  that  fulfils  many  of 
the  conditions  required  for  laying.  The  change 
from  very  cold  weather  to  warm  sunshnie,  and 
green  food  becoming  plentiful,  the  hens  take 
greater  e\<rrlM',  have  better  aiipetites,  and  are  in 
a  liialtliy  condition.  Tin'  season  is  cool  enough, 
however,  to  lessen  the  inclination  to  sit,  to  a  cer- 
tain extent,  and,  as  a  rule,  the  hens  lay  more 
e""s  than  when  the  .season  is  excessively  warm, 
as  I  hen  the  fowls  often  suffer  for  shade  and  water. 

There  is  usually  a  greater  demand  lor  eggs  in 
April  than    later    in    the  season,  owing  to  the 
occurrence    of    several     holidays,    and     prices, 
therefore,  are  not  very  low  until  May  and  June, 
consciiiicntly  the  eggs  are  more  valuable,  as  well 
as  more  easily  procurable,  from  a  well  managed 
flock,  and  instead  of  having  their  supply  of  food 
lessened,  thev  should  receive  full  attention.  In 
order  to  induce  the  hens  to  lay  regularly.     '*  ■- 
of  no    advantage  to    keep 
hens  that  do  ,not  begin  to 
lay  well  in  April.  Hens  that 
have  laid  regularly  during 
during  the  winter,   may, 
perhaps,   take    a   period    ol 
rest   for  a  short    time,   but 
■where  the    hens  or  pullets 
have  passed  through  the 
winter  without  laying,  they 
should  be  laying  now,  and 
if  they  fail  in  this  respect, 
they    are    worthless    ami 
should  be  sent  to  market. 
Of  course,  the  pullets    that 
were  hatched  as  late  asiic- 
tober  may  be  excepted,  lait 
no  excuse  can  he  tnnd*-  lor 
those  that  were  hatched  be- 
fore the  first  of  June. 

In  marketing  eggs  avoid 
barrels  for  packing,  as  the 
common  supposition  is  that 
barreled  eggs  are  second- 
class.  Crates  or  boxes  are 
better,  while  baskets  are  in- 
dications of  fresh  articles. 
Send  them  to  market  clean 
and  In  nice  condition,  and 
endeavor  never  to  allow  a 
rotten  egg  to  leave  the  farm. 
A  single  bad  egg  in  a  lot 
damages  the  whole,  and  the 
sender  will  find  it  a  difficult 
matter  to  regain  confidence 
when  once  a  stale  egg  is  found  among  Ins  lot, 
we  wish  to  impress  upon  all  the  importance  of 
observing  such  fact. 

IVCEPING   LARGE   FLOCKS. 


are  increased.  But  it  may  be  asked  how  are 
chicks  to  be  hatched.  Now,  the  hens  will  also  .sit 
as  well  as  lay,  and  as  the  number  of  hens  may  be 
doubled,  It  will  be  cheaper  to  buy  the  eggs  lor 
liatching  purposes,  care  being  taken  to  secure 
them  from  neighbors  who  possess  strong,  vigor- 
ous birds.  A  good  plan  to  pursue.  If  you  contem- 
plate keeping  a  large  number,  is  to  reserve  a  few 
yards  for  the  purpose  of  securing  such  eggs;  but 
it  will  be  found  a  cheap  method  to  hatch  out  a 
large  number  of  thoroughbred  cockerels,— lor 
ins(ance,  Plymouth  Rocks— and  go  among  the 
lu  iuhbors  and  trade  such  cocks  for  their  mongrel 
cocks.  This  mav  seem  at  a  glance  to  be  expen- 
sive, but  a  second  thought  is  convincing  that  the 
mongrels  will  partially  repay  the  Investment, 
while  the  quality  of  the  chicks  from  the  eggs  will 
more  than  do  so. 

CROSSING   BREEDS   FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES. 

We  often  receive  Inquiries  asking  which  breed 
is  the  best  for  laying,  which  the  best  for  market, 
and  which  are  best  adapted  for  other  purposes. 
As  wi-  liave  often  stated,  no  breed  combines  all 
t  lie  diflennt  desirable  qualities,  but  the  following 
crc)ss<s  will  be  found  excellent:— 

To  produce  the  best  table  fowls,  cross  a  strong, 
full-breasted  ,  pit  game  cock  with  dorking  hens. 
This  cross  maikes  a  table  fowl  nearly  equal  to  a 
turkey. 

To  produce  the  best  layers,  with  medium  size, 

cross  the  Brown  Leghorn  with  Partridge  Cochin 

hens,  or  a  White  Leghorn  with  a  light  Brahma 

hen. 

To   produce    the   best,    largest    and    plumpest 

Capons,  cross  a  colored  Dorking 

cock  with  Dark  Brahma 

or   Partridge    Cochin 

hens. 

To  produce  the  best 
market  chicks,  cross  the 
Plymouth  Rock  cock 
with  Brahmaor  Cochins. 
To  produce  excellent 
table  fowls,  and  also  com- 
bine good  laying  quali- 
ties, cross  a  Houdan 
cock   with   Lang- 


To  produce  the  plumpest  and  best  ducks  for 
market,  cross  a  colored  Muscovy  drake  with  large 
common  ducks,  or  ducks  that  are  the  ollsprings 
of  a  Rouen  drake  and  the  large  common  kind. 

To  produce  the  hardiest  and  best  turkeys, 
cross  a  Bronze  gobbler  with  hens  produced  by 
crossing  the  wild  turkey  on  the  common  lien.  If, 
the  wild  turkey  cross  cannot  be  obtained,  use  the  i 
common  hens. 

To  produce  early  market  chicks,  cross,  in  thai 
fall,  a  Game  Bantam  cock  with  small  common  I 
hens.  Such  chicks  will  grow  but  little,  and  be 
about  the  proper  size  in  spring  for  broilers. 

To  have  non-sitters,  the  pure  breeds  must  be 
used,  as  all  crossed  /oiils  u-itl  sit,  even  if  the  par- 
ents are  pure  bred.  For  instance,  the  ofl-springs 
of  a  Leghorn  and  Hamburg  will  sit,  although 
both  of  those  breeds  are  non-sitters.  We  would 
recommend  the  Brown  or  White  Leghorns  as  the 
best  of  all  breeds  for  eggs,  b.ut  their  eggs  must  be 
hatclied  under  hens  of  other  breeds. 


THE    ROOSTS  AND  NESTS. 

At  this  season  the  greatest  attention  should  be 
given  the  roosts  and  nests.  The  accumulated 
tilth  decomposes  rapidly,  should  the -weather  be 
warm,  and  lice  breed  very  quickly.  Ihe  hens 
must  not  be  crowded  on  the  roosts,  and  conse- 
quently thev  should  all  be  on  a  level  with  each 
other,  and  not  with  the  rear  roost  higher  than 
the  front  one,  as  the  natural  tendency  ot  fowls  is 
to  get  upon  the  highest  point,  tlins  cro\yding 
themselves  upon  the  rear  roost,  while  tl»'  lower 
ones  are  empty.  The  roosts  should  be  swabbed 
with  coal-oil  at  least  once  a  week,  and  it  the  hens 
are  large  and  heavy,  the  roosts  should  be  as  low 
as  possible,  or  the  hens  will  go  in  the  nests  in- 
stead of  on  the  roosts.  Make  the  nests  of  movi^ 
ble  boxes,  so  that  they  can  be  taken  out  and 
cleaned  whenever  desirable. 
A  good  method  is  to  swab 
them  with  coal-oil,  set 
the  oil  on  fire,  and  allow  it  to 
burn  for  a  few  moments.  The 
nests,  however,  should  be  car- 
ried outside  for  such  a  purpose. 
If  preferred,  a  gill  of  Carbolic 
acid  to  a  gallon  of  water  may 
be  used  for  sprinkling,  and  not 
only  the  nests,  but  the  walla 
should  receive  an  application. 
Fine  tobacco  refuse  may  be 
mixed  with  the  hay  or  straw 
used  in  the  nests.  By  observing 
these  precautions,  there  will  be 
but  little  difficulty  with  lice. 


By  P.  H.  Jacobs,  Waipw,  III. 

Before  attempting  to  keep  large  flocks,  it  is  im- 
portant that  vou  determine  what  you  wish  the 
flocks  to  do.  Although  ••chicken  farming"  and 
"  egg  farming"  may  l>e  combined,  yet,  the  one  is 
a  different  pursuit  from  the  other,  and  requires 
ditt'erent  methods.  If  eggs,  only,  are  desired, 
twice  the  number  of  eggs  may  be  kept,  and  the 
matter  of  success  depends  upon  when  the  eggs 
are  marketed. 

To  explain  the  difTerence,  we  will  state  that 
where  the  eggs  are  desired  for  hatching  purpo.ses, 
ten  hens  and  a  cock  are  a  sufRcient  number 
together.  Twenty  bens  and  two  cocks  caiinot  be 
in  the  same  flock,  as  the  stronger  cock  will  in- 
timidate tiie  weaker,  and  render  him  unservica- 
ble.  If  no  cocks  are  used,  however,  twenty  hens 
may  be  placed  togetiier,  instead  often,  while  the 
eggs  from  the  hens  not  accompanied  with  cocks 
will  keep  twice  as  long  as  will  eggs  that  are  suita- 
ble for  hateliing  purposes.  This  has  been  demon- 
strated many  times  by  placingeggs  in  incubators, 
the  infertile  ones  remaining  in  the  egg-drawer  for 
three  weeks,  under  a  temperature  averaging  at 
least  lorf  degrees,  and  remaining  in  a  fit  condition 
for  use  when  taken  out,  though  slightly  damaged, 
while  the  fertile  eggs  not  hatching,  usually  de- 
composed, and  became  what  we  term  "  rotten." 

The  eggs  from  unimpregnated  hens,  should  the 
prices  be  low,  may  be  packed  in  salt,  oats,  bran, 
ashes  or  dry  earth,  in  bo.xes,  and  turned,  (by  turn- 
ing the  box),  three  times  a  week,  when  they  will 
keep  fresh  and  in  good  condition  for  at  least  six 
months.  It  is  not  necessary  tokeepeggsover  three 
months,  as  prices  usually  rise  in  November,  and 
hence,  as  they  are  cheap,  in  July,  Aug.,  and  .Sept., 
one  Is  not  compelled  to  wait  long  for  better  prices. 
Till'  best  metliod,  therefore,  wlien  keeping  hens 
for  eggs,  is  to  allow  no  cocks  to  be  present,  which 
permits  a  greater  number  of  hens  to  be  kept,  and 
as  the  hens  will  lay  just  as  well  (if  anything,  bel^ 
ter),  without  the  cocks,  a  saving  of  food  will  be 
effected,  while  the  keeping  qualities  of  the  eggs 


BLACK-BUK.VSTELI  ll-EU   UA3IES. 


Shan  hens.  Dark  legs  will  be  the  result,  but  the 
flesh  will  dress  white. 

To  produce  a  breed  of  good  layers,  the  eggs 
being  extra  large  in  size,  cross  the  Black  Spanish 
cock  with  Langshan  hens. 

To  produce  the  best  sitting  hen,  one  that  will 
remain  on  the  nest,  hatch  well,  and  tenderly  care 
for  her  chicks,  cross  a  vigorous  pit  Game  cock 
with  partridge  Cochin  hens.  It  also  produces  a 
good  table  fowl. 

To  produce  a  large  market  fowl,  one  that  fat- 
tens readily,  and  is  easily  conflned,  cross  a  Brah- 
ma cock  with  Partridge  Cochin  hens. 

To  produce  the  largest  and  best  geese  for 
market,  cross  the  Toulouse  gander  with  the 
Embden  goose. 


POULTRY   SCRATCHINGS. 

CHANGING  Food.— Do  not 
change  from  adry  toagreendiet 
too  suddenly,  or  diarrhoja  will 
be  the  result.  Commence  gradu- 
ally, giving  only  a  small  quan- 
tity at  first.  Give  a  few  pinches 
of  salt  to  the  fowls  In  the  solt 
food,  and  cease  feeding  corn 
alterthe  weather  becomes  mild. 

Symptoms  of  Roup.-Sneezing, 
discharge  from  the  nostrils, 
swelled  head  and  sore  eyes, 
hoarse  breathing,  and  sore 
throat  accompanied  by  foul 
odor.  A  good  remedy  is  to  give 
half  a  teaspoonful  of  coal  oil 
once  a  day.  If  the  fowl  is  weak  give  a  pill  com- 
posed of  equal  parts  of  gentain,  quinine,  (or  Pe- 
ruvian bark)  and  rhubarb. 
Notice  our  Specification  Oiler  on  this  paice. 
Keep  a  few  Guinjeas.- On  farms  where  there 
is  plenty  of  range,  guineas  are  of  great  advantage. 
They  do  not  scratch,  or  do  damage,  but  destroy 
large  numbers  of  insects,  searching  everywhere 
for  them.  If  hatched  under  hens,  and  induced 
to  roost  near  the  house  at  night,  they  will  give 
the  alarm  should  intruders  put  in  an  appearance, 
being  always  on  the  alert  for  hawks  or  owls. 
The  Pearl  guinea  is  the  best  known,  thougU 
the  Whites  are  favorites  with  some. 
(Continued  cmpage  18.) 


Ftr  additional  Poultn  Mvertlsements.  tee  page  18^ 

aiTn  iinRTnnc  The  sa  vidgk.  loo  ejtgs 

INI    IIKfl  I  llnS»'il-00-        Different    sizes. 

■  llUUDH  I  UIIV  Never  fails.    Sent  on  trml. 
B  V.  \V.  S.WIDGE,  2524  Hunllnodon  SI.,  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


HIGH  CLASS  POULTRY  AND  PIGEONS.  All  the  best  varie- 
ties.  Kees  for  hntcliine  a  Speclall«.  Send  sL-imp  lor 
KirgeiMustrateii  circulars,    ft.  Vanderhoven,  Kahway,  JV.  J. 


CAMPV  POULTRY  AND  PET  STOCK  FOR 

rANuf    SALE.    SCQd  eunip  for  circuKir  to  J.  K.  KONS, 
Mentiuu  Farm  and  Garden.  Level,  Warren  Co., Ohio. 


imrC    PEKIN.  ROrEN,  and  CAYTIGA. 

JtlHO.  «:J.0O  aoair.     EegM  S'J.OO  per  doz. 

HORAcli  lU  KR.  WILnflNGTON,  DEL. 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0.,  .'^T^Zi. 

bredTjANG8HANS,ThoroughbredWYANDOTTKS 
Handsome  Circular  free.  Mention  FABMiNDGARDEN, 


■^^^n.^if)^fgff^'"\"^'"--"'"--'---"-  ■■■■■■■  — 

Practical  Poultiy  Boot 

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tion aboutincubaiors.  Descriptions 
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per  sitting.    Book  sent  for  I5_«"L^ 

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3EI01k7V  TO  T^jAJSSJEI  -A-IO"  IKTOXJiO-A-TOH.- 

NEW  AND  COMPLETE  SPECIFICATIONS. 
With  lull  ilhistratioiis,  drawinRS  of  parts,  measurements,  anfl 

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Any  one  who  can  handle  toc.ls  can  make  a  successful  Incuhalor 
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12! 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


^OL.  IV.,  3>ro.  ■VIII- 


The  Fiirm  and  Garden  is piMUhed  at  725  Fil- 
bert Street,  P/iiludelphia,  Penna.  It  is  mailed  to 
subseri.herx  from  the  25th  to  the  last  day  of  the 
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but  he  keeps  at  his  work  all  day  long,  without 
looking  up,  and  throws  a  liig  shovuHiil  of  dirt  out 
of  the  ditch  every  time.  There  is  not  a  man  that 
we  know  of,  whether  Irish,  Dnteh  or  American, 
who  can  dig  more  ditclj,  in  ten  working  houi's, 
than  this  little  fellow. 
Work  steady  and  keep  your  shovel  well  Jilted. 


Potatoes  will  probablj'  be  scarce  and  dear  before 
the  uew  crop  comes  to  market ;  and  the  earliest 
of  that  crop  will  be  in  good  demand  and  catch  the 
bitj price,  mind  that. 

It  is  just  as  easy  to  raise  4011  bushels  to  the  acre, 
as  1.50,  and  much  more  profitable.  All  you  want 
is  to  know  how.  Joseph's  new  book,  "  Money  in 
Potatoes,"  which  Ls  advertised  in  The  P'.vkx  .\nd 
Garden,  tells  the  whole  story. 


If  yon  will  read  and  remember  the  followinrj 
note  it  will  save  you  disappointment,  and  keep  us 
from  having  to  read  some  comjilaininy  letters: — 

If  we  have  received  a  letter  from  you,  a  receipt 
is  filled  out  and  mailed  immediately  after  your 
money  is  taken  from  the  letter.  The  next  thing 
ilone  with  your  letter  is  to  order  the prem,ium  {if 
you  arc  enlilled  to  one).  Our  premiums  are  or- 
dered from  reliable  growers  or  publishers  in  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  country.  In  no  case  will 
premiums  be  received  until  at  least  Ten  days  after 
this  has  reached  you.  In  cases  where  bulbs  and  t 
plants  are  ordered,  they  will  not  be  sent  until  the  \ 
weather  is  suitable.  If  you  have  ordered  a  paper 
with  ours,  it  must  he  ordered  from  office  of  publi- 
cation, which  will  oocaslon  a  few  days'  delay. 
The  receipt  of  a  copy  of  any  paper  ordererl 
through  us  is  proof  that  we  have  correctly  turned 
your  money  over  to  the  publishers.  Should  you 
miss  any  future  numbers,  write  to  office  of  paper, 
not  to  ns.'  Do  not  complain  before  you  have  time 
to  receive  the  papers  or  premiums.  lie  sure  to 
complain  if,  after  a  reasonable  time  has  elapsed, 
you  are  not  correctly  served  in  every  particular. 
'  W'e  are  not  in  business  for  a  day  or  year,  (intl  do 
not  propose  to  have  the  ill-will  of  any  one  through  ;  purest  exlraeled  honey  goes  begging  in  our  city 
neglect  or  injustice  oyi  our  part.     Remember  this,  -' 


Rich  soil,  heavy  seeding,  and  close  planting, 
will  enable  you  to  raise  big  crops  of  Early  Ohio, 
Sunrise,  Gem,  and  all  other  sorts  of  the  Rose 
type.  

Our  vocabulary  has  no  words  strong  enough  to 
condemn  in  lit  language  such  "scientilic  pleas- 
antries "  as  the  one  which  appeared  lately  in  the 
New  York  .Vrfj/ fjiif/ /?j-p/v-.vA-,  and  has  since  been 
going  the  rounds  through  the  American  press. 
The  article  is  given  prominence  by  the  flaring 
head  lines—"  Human  Ingenuity  to  do  away  with 
the  Work  of  the  Bees,"  and  describes  an  imagin- 
ary and  utterly  impossible  method  of  manufac- 
turing ciiinli  iioney  artiliclally  altogether  with- 
out help  of  the  bees.  While  .\merlcan  beekeepers  \ 
have  l>een  and  are  still  working  earnestly  to  find  ; 
a  market  for  their  priiduie,  wiille  even  now  the  ! 


We  shall  be  asked  where  strawberry  plants  ran 
be  had.  We  iiave  none  for  sale.  We  refer  you  to 
advertisers  whose  cards  will  be  found  in  our  col- 
umns. They  will  supply  you  at  reasonable  pri- 
ces. When-  you  see  an  advertisement  in  our 
paper  you  can  send  your  money  to  the  advertiser 
without  fear  of  fraud.  We  keep  a  paper  for 
honest  people,  pnd  have  no  place  for  frauds.  Do 
ii,ot  be  afraid  to  send  money  to  any  of  our  adver- 
tisers for  strawberry  plants.  Always  write  your 
name  and  address  plainly,  and  you  will  get  an 
answer  from  them.  Tlie.\-  are  r.jliable  business 
men,  aiad  havegood  reputations,  well  established. 

If  you  see  anything  in  the  Farm  and  Gardes 
you  do  not  understand,  write  and  ask  us  about 
it.  It  is  your  jjaper,  and  we  want  to  keep  it  so. 
We  befieve  it  our  duty  to  make  the  paper  inter- 
esting to  you.  We  answer  all  inquiries  without 
charge,  but  we  do  ask  you  to  send  questions,  on 
any  subject,  on  a  separate  slip  of  paper.  They 
will  then  have  our  immediate  attention.  If 
ini.xed  up  with  lousiness  letters,  we  cannot  find 
time  to  look  for  them.  We  are  willing  to  oblige 
you.    Send  your  questions  along. 

Our  advertisers  are  well  pleased  with  the  Farm 
AN'D  fjAKDEN,  and  say  it  pays  them  well.  We 
are  glad  of  it.  We  are  also  glad  that  our  readers 
say  t)ur  advertisers  do  all  they  pi-omise.  We 
hope  all  who  write  to  them  will  say  that  the 
I'akm  and  Garden  has  confidence  in  them,  and 
that  you  hope  your  business  acquaintance  will 
prove  satisfactory  .  W'e  want  all  to  do  right. 
We  like  a  square  business. 


GDIIIOI^IAIj    (©OMMBNIP. 


April.    -'The  early  bird  catches  the  big  worm." 

The  real  hai-d  work  and  the  hurry  now  begins. 
Satisfactory  results  of  o\n-  farming  operations 
can  hardly  lie  expected  unless  the  work  of  the 
pliintin!/  season  Is  perforiMid  ilioroughly  and  in 
time. 

The  wise  farmer,  who  is  attij-  the  big  profits, 
like  the  bird  after  the  big  worm,  prai^lces  "  early 
to  bed  and  early  to  rise,"  at  least  in  this  hurry- 
ing time. 

hv  feeds  Ills  teams  early,  so  as  to  give  them 
sutlicient  t  Ime  to  miustlcate  their  food  before  they 
are  hitched  up. 

He  knows  their  condition  and  does  not  exact 
more  work  of  thorn  than  they  are  able  to  per- 
form. 

He  takes  and  allows  sufficient  rest  at  noon, 
knowing  that  it  doi-s  not  pay  to  hurry  his  men 
and  teams  back  t^  the  field  lus  soon  as  they  have 
swallowed  a  few  niouthluls. 

He  draws  ui>on  the  land,  every  load  of  manure 
that  he  can  rake  and  scrape  together. 

He  knows  that  early-sown  oats,  like  early  birds, 
have  the  best  chances. 

He  harrows  early  and  late,  and  twice,  where 
his  less  wise  neighbor  harrows  but  once. 

A  sharp  plow  point  makes  ea,sy  plowing,  saves 
horse-power  and  often  a  heap  of  profane  language. 


No  family  can  afford  to  do  Without  strawber- 
ries. Eit her  fresh  or  canned,  they  are  the  most  de- 
licious sauce ;  nor  do  we  despi.se  them  in  the  form 
of  strawberry  shortcake.  The  well-tcwlo  farmer 
cjm  iilant  a  number  of  different  kinds  and  try  all 
the  new  .sorts.  The  poor  farmer  bad  better  jilant 
the  old  reliable  "Wilson,"  unless  he  knows— 
from  his  own  e.xperierice — that  some  other  kind 
will  suit  him  better. 

Never  discard  a  variety  of  small  fruit,  nor  vege- 
table, nor  potato,  which  gives  satisfaction,  for  an 
untried  new  one,  no  matter  who  says  that  it  is 
better.  

The  Farm  and  Garden,  now  more  than  a  year 
ago,  fired  ofl'  the  first  shot  in  the  battle,  which 
has  been  raging  ever  since,  over  the  question 
whether  the  fruit  of  a  pistillate  variety  of  straw 


markets  on  account  of  the  glucose  scare,  thegreat 
city  papers  try  to  nnike  all  these  efforts  come  to 
naught  and  to  nnike  the  consumer  afraid  of  the 
most  natural,  most  delicious  and  most  whole- 
some sweet,  in  the  shape  of  <*omb  lioiu'>'. 

This  siwalled  scientilic  plea,santry  is  nothing 
hut  a  willul  and  malicious  lie,  and  one  which 
strikes  a  fatal  blow  at  the  interests  of  the  .\nui- 
ican  beekeeper.  The  great  newspapers  refuse  to 
yield  to  the  demands  of  interested  parties  for  a 
l>roper  correction.  The  damage  seems  to  be 
well-nigh  Irreparable,  for  the  agricultural  press 
does  not  reach  the  honey  consumer  in  the  cities, 
among  ,whom  a  press  so  hostile  to  agricultural 
Interests  chiefly  circulates. 

I,et  us  say,  however,  that  both  lnvenl^>r  and 
pnl)llsher  of  such  infernal  lies  deserve  a  good, 
long  term  of  free  board  and  lodging  In  the  peni- 
tentiary.   

The  New  England  Homestead  obser\-e8  that 
"less  money  hius  been  spent  on  expensive  Oiita- 
logues  by  the  seed  trade  this  year,"  and  that  "on 
the  whole,  the  catalogues  are  sonrewhat  less  ex- 
aggerated In  their  statements  than  formerly." 
We  were  pleased  to  see  that  our  labors  in  behalf 
of  such  a  reform,  thanks  to  the  hearty  co-opera- 
lion  of  the  best  part  of  the  agricultural  papers, 
have  not  been  in  vain.  The  intelligent  farmer 
denianiled  the  reform  and  seedsmen  hadtoyield. 

We  don't  Intend  to  stop  here.  The  farmer  and 
seed  buyer  Is  entitled  to  still  greater  concessions. 
We  want  the  plain  unvarnished  truth  and  with- 
out high  coloring,  cither. 

Now  the  wholesale  rates  of  seeds.  In  general, 
are  very  low,  and  with  a  saving  of  expense  in 
the  get-up  of  advertising  material,  seed  dealers 
should  put  dowu  their  prices  correspondingly. 


Many  ask  us  if  seeds,  plants,  and  other  articles 
can  be  sent  by  mail.  We  answer  yes,  and  cheaply, 
too.    A  pound  can  be  sent   by  mail  all  over  the 

I  Union  for  sixteen  cents,  or  one  cent  an  ounce. 

I  No  packages  heavier  than  four  pounds  are 
allowed  to  go  by  niail.  By  express  we  can  send 
anything.  

(irain  Is  low,  and  likely  to  remain  so.  We  say 
feed  the  grain  to  stock.  Well-fatted  stock  sells 
high,  and  you  will  find  it  pays  better  to  fatten 
stock  at  pi'esent  prices,  and  sell  it,  than  to  sell 
corn.  .\  wise  farmer  will  sell  meat  when  corn  i.** 
cheap.    One  or  the  other  always  pays  the  better. 

Wethlnk  after  carefully  readingour  strawberry 
I  number,  any  person  can  raise  fine  berries.  ^  The 
Farm  and  Garden  is  the  first  agricultui'al'jour- 
nal  to  give  so  full  a  treatise  on  strawberry  grow- 
ing in  a  single  number,  or  we  may  say,  in  a  year, 
and  at  so  low  a  cost  that  all  can  profit  by  it.  This 
i  number  Is  as  full  of  information  on  strawberry- 
I  growing  as  many  books  that  sell  for  one  dollar. 
I  Readers  we  want,  and  will  publish  the  best  and 
cheapest  paper  that  can  be  found.    Give  us  your 
'  aid  by  extending  our  circulation.     Do  we  not 
merit  and  deserve  it  1 


There  should  be  a  proper  balance  between  the 
price  of  produce  and  the  price  of  labor.  If  every- 
thing gets  chcaijcr,  labor  cannot  keep  its  former 
price.  Were  it  true,  that  high  wages  are  the 
necessary  consequence  of  a  high  tariff,  the  farmer 
would  be  compelled  to  fight  iigainst  that  taritf. 
High  wages  for  fai-m  hands,  eat  up  what  little 
margin  may  be  left  in  the  production  of 
cereals.  He  cannot  afford  to  pay  higher  wages 
than  are  in  just  proportion  to  the  prices  of  other 
things.  

Remember  that  it  does  not  pay  to  plow  land 
for  oats,  on  which  you  cannot  expect,  with  some 
reasonable  degree  of  certainty,  at  least  30  or  .'Jo 


Now  Is  a  good  time  to  buy.  If  you  want  land, 
you  can  have  It  cheap  ;  If  you  want  to  hire  labor, 
labor  is  plenty.  Buy  now,  if  you  are  able;  but 
do  not  think  of  selling  a  good  place  now.  Hold 
on  to  it  lor  a  while.  Prices  now  have  an  upward 
tendency.  

The  great  majority  of  farmers'  cling  to  their 
respective  parties  like  the  bug  to  the  potato  vine, 
no  matter,  if  nothing  is  left  but  the  bare,  dirty 
stalk.  They  will  have  very  little  influence  in  the 
management  of  the  national  household,  aa  long 
as  they  submit  to  being  led  like  sheep  by  their 
political  bosses  and  flock  masters. 

Our  readers  are  too  intelligent  to  submit  to  It; 
but  there  are  millions  of  farmers  who  do,  and 
who  read  no  agricultural  paper  at  all.  United 
action  and  hearty  co-operation  will  accomplish 
what  single  efforts  can  not. 


berry  is  influenced  by  the  variety  which  furnishes  I  bushels  per  acre.    Do  not  cultivate  land  that  is 


the  pollen,  or  not.  The  doctors  and  "  wise  men  of 
the  East"  still  disagree  about  it. 

The  next  fruiting  season  may  bring  us  a  settle- 
ment of  the  vexing  question.  A  number  of 
prominent  horticulturists  propose  to  test  the 
matter  thoroughly  and  scientifically. 

We  believe  thai    the  majority  of  growers  for 


too  poor  to  grow  profitable  crops.  Such  soil  needs 
"  doctoring,"  and  the  sooner  you  doctor  it,  the 
better.  Grow  and  plow  under  some  green  crop, 
such  as  buckwheat,  peas,  or  clover.  Sow  to  rye 
in  the  fall  and  seed  to  clover;  not  forgetting  the 
application  of  a  few  hundred  pounds  of  phos- 
phate.   In  short,  increase  Its  capacity  the  best 


market,  will  continue  to  grow  the  old  Wilson  for  I  way  you  can. 


a  main  ci-op,  and  use  it  as  a  fertilizing  variety  for 
other  sorts  like  Crescent  seedling  and  others. 


A  slow  but  steady  pull,  often  accomplishes 
more  than  spasmodic,  though  exhausting  exer- 
tions. We  know  a  little  hump-backed  Irishman, 
who  seems  to  be  the  personification  of  slowness ; 


We  call  attention  to  our  strawberry  articles. 
We  believe  you  will  find  they  contain  more  prac- 
tl<'al  ideas  than  any  work  on  strawberry  culture. 
Wi>  do  all  this  for  your  benefit,  hoping  you  will 
try  the  suggestions  we  recommend,  and  will  be 
successful.  We  are  always  glad  to  learn  that  our 
labors  are  fruitful  to  our  readers. 


"We  boldly  announce  that  we  are  in  favor  of 
the  entii-e  abolition  of  the  Department  and  the 
saving  of  the  money  now  sciuandered,  or  of  reoi'- 
ganizing  it  on  some  ctHumtjii-sense  basis,  com- 
mensurate to  the  importance  of  the  agricultural 
interests."  So  says  the  Jturat  Xcu>  y'orker  in  a 
recent  issue.  W'e  have  often  called  our  readers' 
attention  to  the  uselessness  of  the  Governmental 
seeds-shop,  and  asked  our  agricultural  contem- 
poraries to  help  us  to  lift  the  nuisanceout  of  ex- 
istence. 

Some  of  the  State  experimental  Stations  have 
done  a  hundred-fold  more  good  to  the  farmer, 
and  at  one-tenth  the  cost,  than  the  Agricultural 
Department.  Let  us  have  "  something  or  noth- 
ing;" either  a  department  worthy  of  the  name, 

or  none  at  all.       _^ 

If  we  may  believe  the  farni  .Tournnl,  "old  seed 

grower  and  seed  planters  say  that  beet  and  onion 

seed  will  grow  up  to  five  or  seven  years  old." 

It  Is  to  be  hoped  that  the  ingenious  editor  of  the 

Farm  Journal  will  come  into  possession  of  that 

j  "experimental   farm,"   which  he  so  frequently 

I  mentions,  before  long.    After  a  little  practical 

I  experience  with  onion  seed,  he  would  hardly  put 

such  nonsense  about  it  before  his  readers. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'3 


(Slippihgs. 


Jt  is  our  (If 

reacU)  1(1 
no  (/th. 


sirf  to  iiKiLi 


f/tfSf    HO  full 

Hi  Gakhkn. 


r»(>(y  (hfit  every 
'Ui.jhh^-  (itkes 


with  a(L  tilt  leading  puhlnalii. 


.  J)eliv€rpd  by  John  T.  Lovett  before  the  American  Inatitute 

Farmers'  Club,  Nt  w  York,  February  24. 1885. 

PEACH   CULTURE. 

So  many  owners  of  farms  in  the  vicinity  ol'  New  York 
«re  puzzled  lo  know  to  wliat  purpose  to  devote  their  land 
that  tliey  may  realize  profitable  returns  therefrom,  ii  is 
•quite  surprising  to  me  that  so  few  engage  in  pearh  cul- 
ture. First,  because  the  returns  from  a  successful  peach 
■orchard  are  so  great;  secondly,  because  a  peacli  farm 
■can  be  managed  so  easily  by  the  owner,  who  is  perhaps 
•engaged  in  other  pursuits  in  the  city  ;  requiring  very  lit- 
tle attention  or  looking  after  by  him,  except  during  the 
■shipping  season,  when  the  orcliard  has  arrived  at  bearing 
Age.  Did  the  owners  of  gardens,  as  a  rule,  know  tliat 
the  same  outlay  of  time  and  money  e.xpended  each  sea- 
eon  in  growing  iheirsupply  of  peas,  if  applied  to  planting 
-and  cultivating  p^ach  trees,  would  assure  tliem  an  abun- 
dant supply  of  iruit,  there  would  not  be  such  a  brisk 
■demand  for  peaches  in  the  markets.  In  other  words, 
should  the  owner  of  a  garden  plant  twelve  peach  irees 
•each  season,  of  good  varieties,  and  give  them  the  simple 
culture  required,  he  and  liis  family  could  revel  in  peach- 
■e&from  the  time  Ilie  earliest  ripen  until  the  last  are  gone 
—a season  of  three  months. 

Soil.— The  peach  is  a  native  of  Persia,  hence  it  Is  ob- 
•vious  that  it  requires  a  warm  soil ;  in  fact,  it  will  be  use- 
less to  plant  peach  trees  upon  soil  where  tlie  water 
«tands  near  or  upon  the  surface.  If  not  well  drained 
•naturally,  it  must  be  drained  artificially.  The  best  soil 
for  peaches  is  a  sandy  loam,  not  highly  charged  with 
vegetable  matter. 

Planting.— In  planting  peach  trees,  early  spring  is 
much  the  best  season,  although  they  can  be  planted  in 
the  autumn  with  success,  provided  proper  cai-e  is  ob- 
served, viz. :  that  the  roots  do  not  become  frozen  before 
Ihey  are  placed  in  the  soil,  and  a  mound  of  earth  about 
a  foot  in  height  placed  at  the  base  of  eacli  tree  to  pre- 
vent swaying.  Plant  no  deeper  than  the  trees  stood  in 
the  nursery  and  make  the  soil  very  firm.  The  distance 
10  plant  depends  somewhat  upon  the  character  of  the 
soil.  On  a  liglit,  sandy,  porous  soil  the  distance  of  filteen 
feet  each  way  wHi  be  far  enough;  while,  on  the <jther 
hand,  should  the  .soil  be  sandy  loam  or  quite  loamv, 
eighteen  or  twenty  feet  apart  each  way  will  be  none  too 
great.  I  usually  plant  eighteen  feet  apart  each  way,  re- 
•quiring  134  trees  per  acre. 

(To  be  Continued  in  May.) 


iProm.  "  Cynnifrt/  Gentle iiinn."  AHmny,  N.Y. 

HOW  TO    MAKE   GOOD    MILKERS. 

No  matter  what  breed  you  have,  says  Mr.  W.  H, 
W^hite,  something  further  is  necessary  in  order  to  reach 
<hebest  success  in  raising  good  milkers.  Good  blood, 
•whether  Short-horn,  Jersey,  Devon,  Ayrshire  grade  or 
■jiative,  is  not  everything,  hut  lies  at  the  foundation; 
«omething  cannot  come  from  nothing.  Treatment  in 
raising  milkers  shr-uld  be  somewhat  different  from  that 
an  raising  a  beef  animal  or  an  animal  for  labor.  Begin 
ais  soon  as  the  calf  is  a  day  old;  see  that  it  has  sufficient 
to  eat,  and  is  kindly  treated  aiid  regularly  attended  to. 
Never  pamper  or  over-feed,  but  give  it  good,  generous 
food  to  cause  a  regular,  early,  and  steady  growtli.  Ac- 
■custom  it  to  be  hanflled,  but  not  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
acquire  objectionable  habits  as  a  cow,  but  ratl-er  to  be 
fond  of  the  presence  of  the  keeper.  Kindness  Jielps  to 
•create  a  quiet  disposition,  so  important  in  a  dairy  cow, 
anri  this  education  must  begin  whe  i  the  calf  is  young— 
any  habits  acquired  when  young  are  apt  to  cling  to  the 
cow  when  grown. 

For  a  milker.  1  would  have  the  heifer  come  in  at  two 
years  old.  She  is  then  old  enough  to  become  a  cow.  I 
•would  not  as  a  rule  allow  her  to  go  farrow,  but  milk  her 
tip  to  within  a  few  weeks  ol  calving,  even  if  I  did  not  ob- 
tain but  little  at  a  milking.  A  cow  tlius  trained  will  give 
more  milk,  and  be  more  likely  to  hold  out  long  in  milk 
if  her  after  care  is  Judicious  and  liberal,  as  it  should  be. 
55uch  treatment  tends  to  form  the  habit  of  giving  milk 
and,  as  we  know,  habit  is  a  sort  of  second  nature.  Couple 
the  heifer  with  an  older  bull,  one,  two  or  three  years 
older  than  she,  is  preferable  to  a  yearling  and  better 
«tock  is  likely  to  come  from  such.  After  the  heifer  has 
■come  in,  her  fei'd  should  be  regular  and  liberal.  Good 
clover  hay  is  the  best  of  all,  but  we  all  may  not  liave  this 
for  stall  feed:  then  we  nmst  make  up  for  what  is  lacking 
An  some  concentrated  feed,  such  as  oat  meal,  shorts,  oil 
imeal,  or  the  like,  but  great  care  and  good  judgment  must 
be  used  not  to  over-feed  or  crowd,  as  the  future  cow  may 
be  ruined.  Undue  forcing  shortens  the  U3efal  life  of  the 
cow  very  rapidly. 

J^om  "London  J^-or  is  inner." 

WASHING    BUTTER. 

The  only  time  that  all  the  buttermilk  and  what  It  con- 
rtains  can  be  separated  from  the  butter,  is  while  the  but- 
ter is  yet  in  a  granulated  form.  If  the  churning  be  so 
far  advanced  that  the  butter  will  be  gathered  in  a  large 
Tump.it  will  have  all  through  the  lump  more  or  less 
buttermilk,  in  which  buttermilk  there  will  of  course  be 
(membranous  or  caseous  or  other  solid  matter.  Not  only 
•will  the  grain  of  the  butter  be  injured  by  the  kneading 
ffequired  to  remove  little  else  than  the  liquid  of  the  but- 
termilk, leaving  much  of  its  solid  matter  incorporated 
with  the  butter.    The  kneading  of  the  butter  tends  only 


to  press  and  solidify  all  the  solid  matter  of  the  mass, 
squeezing  out  only  liquid.  Moreover,  wlien  tlie  butter- 
milk is  gathered  into  a  lump  uf  butler,  any  taint  or  im- 
purity in  the  i>uttermilk,  by  closer,  longer,  even  perma- 
nent contact  with  the  biutei-.  materially  injures  ilie 
quality  of  the  butter.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  tlie  butter- 
milk and  all  it  contains  be  drawn  away  betorethe  butter 
has  advanced  beyond  the  granuJated  form,  a  more  per- 
fect result  is  secured,  Iiy  washing  *.tif  butter  at  a  low 
temperature  with  water  and  brine  the  buttermilk  and 
all  it  contains  may  be  removed  from  it,  and  before  any 
taint  or  impurity  has  been  given  to  the  butter,  and  tlie 
grain  be  saved  from  kneading  that  otherwise  would  be 
necessary.  In  this  process  butter  will  l)e taken  out  com- 
paratively little  affected  by  delects  or  taint  in  cream. 
Cream  may  be  advanced  more  or  less  toward  a  hitter 
tasle  or  decay  and  the  butter,  becaus*^  being  enclosed  in 
and  protected  by  its  pellicle,  not  yet  atfected.  It  is  be- 
cause of  this  protection  that  sweet  butter  may  be  made 
Irom  sour  cream.  Sourness  is  an  advancement  toward 
decay.  It  is  equally  true  that  tlie  cream  may  be  more 
or  less  bitter  and  the  butter  hidden  away  in  it  be  yet 
sweet.  When  churned,  the  sourne.ss  or  bitterness  is  in 
the  buttermilk  and  the  butter  is  yet  pure.  The  butter- 
milk adds  its  sour  or  bitter  taste  to  the  butter  according 
to  the  quantity  and  time  of  its  presence  with  the  butter. 
The  obvious  remedy  is  the  quickest  and  most  complete 
preparation  jiossiljle. 


NECESSITY  FOR  COMPLETE  FEEDING  OFTREE 
AND  FRUIT-DANGER  FROM  FORCING  OR 
PARTIAL  FERTILIZING  —  STRAWBERRIES, 
ETC. 

[We  extract  the  following  from  the  excellent  pam- 
phlet on  "Orange  and  Fruit  Culture,"  written  by  Charles 
V.  Mapes,ul  the  >[apes  Feitilizing  Company,  New  York. 
The  reli-rt.MH-H  to  strawberries  will  be  found  espe<'iallv 
intcrestiim  and  the  remarks  on  results  of  injudicious 
leeUing  of  tlie  orange  tree  apply  with  more  or  less  force 
to  all  leading  fruit  trees.] 

The  practical  and  scientific  investigations  during  the 
past  ten  years  by  fruit  growers  and  scientific  experts, 
both  in  this  country  and  in  France,  lead  to  the  one  gen- 
eral conclusion,  viz. :  that  it  is  necessary,  not  only  to 
make  a  tree  or  vine  grow,  but  what  is  more  difficult,  to 
make  it  grow  healthfully,  with  power  to  resist  disease 
and  insects,  continue   vigmuus  and   normal    in  all   its 


functions,  with  sap  fully  supplied  vvitli  all  the  elements  of 
nutrition  necessary  lor  producing  fruit  of  the  highest 
quality— rich  in  saccharine  i,sugar)  matter,  fine  flavored, 
pulpy  juicy,  firm,  not  inclined  to  mildew,  split  or  drop, 
and  good  keeping  and  carrying  qualities. 

With  tlieorange  tree  as  w#h  almustall  trees. as  before 
stated,  owing  to  the  long  period  of  its  growth  up  to  ma- 
turity and  bearing,  the  time  wlien  the  injuiious  effects 
of  injudicious  manuring  manifest  themselves  most 
strongly,  it  is  dithcuU  to  trace  the  final  effects  to  the 
proiier  causes.  The  tree,  if  fertilized  with  any  one  of  a 
doxen  fertilizers  rich  in  nitrogen,  but  deficient  in  cither 
phosphoric  acid  or  potash,  or  in  both,  as  well  as  in  most 
of  the  remaining  ash  elements,  may  show,  particularly 
on  lair,  light  lands,  a  rapid  and  satisfactory  growth. 
The  tree,  in  its  struggle  for  existence  and  with  its  wide 
extending  roots— and  the  poorer  the  soil  the  further  will 
tliey  extent!,  will  continue  to  make  leaf  and  wood,  but 
will  tail  to  accumulate  stock,  strength  and  vigor  neces- 
sary to  fulfill  all  the  functions  of  a  healthy  t%e  and  fail 
to  produce  fruit,  or  if  fruit,  then  of  poor  quality,  and 
all  the  lime  will  be  liable  to  disease,  insect  depredations, 
etc. 

Nuw,  while  it  is  often  difficult,  with  a  alow-growing 
tree  like  the  oranye,  to  trace  these  results  to  the  true 
causes,  it  is  on  llie  other  hand  very  easy  to  note  the  per- 
nicious results  following  defective  fertilization  in  the 
annual  and  quick-growing  fruits  and  crops  like  Straw- 
berries, Grape  Vines,  Sugar  Beets,  Sorghum,  Tobacco, 
Potatoes,  etc. 

Strawberries  may  be  grown  luxuriantly  so  far  as  the 
vines  go  and  be  made  to  j  ield  a  good  supply  of  fruit,  and 
yet,  as  before  mentioned,  owing  to  ilie  employment  of 
the  wrong  forms  of  plant  Ibod— excessive  nitrogen  and  a^ 
deficiency  of  ash  elements,  or  an  objectionable  form  ot 
Potash- the  quality  of  the  fruit  be  worlliless,  poor  in 
color,  soft  in  texture,  watery,  flavorless,  and  so  much 
inclined  to  decay,  that,  as  one  grower  and  experimenter 
remarked,  ■■  they  would  rot  in  a  few  lioui-s  alter  picking, 
prove  utteily  worthless. .wliile  the  berries  from  adjacent 
patches,  di  He  lent  ly  manured,  were  excellent  in  quality." 

With  grapes,  the  tendency  of  complete  manuring  to 
protect  the  vines  against  all  attacks  ot  disease  and  to 
greatly  improve  the  quality  of  the  fruit  by  largely  in- 
crejising  the  proportion  of  sugar,  has  been  iiiUy  demon- 
strated by  the  experiments  of  Prof.  Goessmou  and 
others. 


RESPECT.  FEW  EQUAL 
:NONE      BETTE^- 


BURPFPS  SEEDS 

DUIirkk  V  FARM  ANNUAL  FOR  1885 

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Seeds,  includinK-  IMPORTANT  Novelties  ol  Real  Merit.  Farmers,  Market  GardcDorH.  and 
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W.  ATLEE   BURPEE  &  CO.,  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


550.000  CRAPE  VINES 

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SUCCESS  TO  OUR^"'"^ 


_*•  DEPARTURE 
SEED  TRADE.  Relief  for  the  people. 


THE 

^-J'/d'oSi  AT  WHOLESALE  PRICES. '°  °''"  '°  -""""•" 

fulo  50.000  homes  free  of  coItT  wo  qTJS  tbo'ull"^ 
~  ~  in  lK>8tage  stumps  or  moin' 


_     this  woDdtrfuI  potato 

-  ^^^-  r"  — "'^    ■" —  .....v.......^  unprceedcntpti  ofTert 

FnR    Rn    rTx  l«»tage  et«iDp«  or  mon.y.  wo  «1M  send  b>  nisil  a  box 

run  HU  bio.  containing,  flrst.ir  povkot«.OBe  each,  of  tlie  followini 
oew,  hlghlTlinprovcd,  and  gnaraoteej  Beed»,-l»cnln|t'«  Improved  Blood 
Turnip  It"t.  !>"'  ".nl  earliest  lor  tuble  use.  Wllsoj,  lIlgKly  Improved 
H  ,i.ilnK«tadt  tBbbage,  be«  and  earliest;  ^ood  for  late'  Sew  Soldcn 
(•ell-ltluiiehlng  Celerr,  exeellent  quality.  easTlj  grown:  needs  no  banking 
•  !\  ,'^,^  t»ri-cn  Prollflc'  Cucumber,  best  as  cuoumhers  or  pi. me--  \1 
I  turn  L  Itra  Sueur  Corn,  productive,  early,  tender,  an.i  sweit    New  Uo'lden 

»THE„GREAT  IRON -CLAD 


llfnrt  Lfttucf,  tn>si  tor 


"HltnlflLLUIl)   the  world       Orange  Croom  Mm*U melon" 

Bweet,  8,>icy.  aod  deliciau..  >ew  Silver  Ball  Itallnn  Onion,  b™u[i?" 
lar-",  mild  ;  crowg  S.pound  onioua  from  seed.  Kuby  Kins  Popper,  larcrst 
flaest.  ewoctest  prpper  evrr  eecu.  Abbott's  Sufur  ParMnlp,  Kr-aiiv  Iml 
proved  VBrlrtv.  Ohio  Sweet  Potato  Pumpkin,  CDoriiiouslr  productive  ex- 
cellent quality;  keeps  all  winter.  French  BreukfaHt  KadlMh,  best  of  all 
earlv  rafiish*";.  White  Pineapple  Sqiiuwh,  extra  qualiiv,  good  for  suntnur 
orwinlrr.  New  Cardinal  Tomato,  lanr'-^t  and  emnotlH^t  of  anv.  White 
Mnnloh  Turnip,  bp.t  fnr  fahlo  u^e.  SAMPLE  PACKET  OF 
COLDEN  BEAUTY  CORN,  mont  benutlful  and  productive  of 
any  in  th,- country.  S'.-cond.  ITUC  OTDAVDrAIITv  the  eapili-nt 
medlum-Nlze  tuber  of  I  lib  O  I  IfAl  DbAU  I  I)  POTATO 
-_  .     .         »         _  ever  yet  seen :  vorv  productive,  excellent  nualitv.  beautiful  as  an  oil  pal-ntinB. 

TTpaeketfl  of  seed  and/?/}  ^^n     TWO   collections  for   *1.1«,  FOUR  for 

"   one  whole  notnto  forOt/  OtS.     40.  Th'     "  "  -     -     - 


one  whole  potato  for^ 


.      ,  ..       u    .  *a    thU  iVanoffernev^rmVde  befo'rel    OUR    PROPOSITION 

toKladden  the  beart  and  bnchten  the  way  of  every  tiller  of  the  soil  and  lover  of  the  beautiful  ha^i  met  with  su.-h  unbotindcd  success 
that  we  reiicw  ltJ?lM.™»,>:^t.^»n,PtX!'K<>tr'U^;^°!j  ^S^Ji':!i!i'^^J^^  Krowjhe«e_aee<ii   by  the  pound,  .,y  the  bush.1,  and  by  the 

"  "  ~  "  each,  of  A«ter«."  BuUamH.  Potnnlais 

olora.  Lnree  Ooubic  Kn^IUh  Ilolly- 

ne  ornamental  KrasM.    One  Hplcndld 

"  forGOctH.      Parl,.t3 


-     — .-..ngo'  „.  _      _.     ,  _ 

^re.     18  PACKETS  CHOICEST  FLOWER  SEEDS  FOR  80  CENTS, 

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are  reguliir  size,  with  directions  ft.r  .■iiltlvatine.    Our  beautifull"  ""-■ -■" '  "    "  ■      ■ 


each  order.  •Addrosn  all 
letters  aud  money  ordera  to 


OUR  N[W  KNIFE!  EXIINE  IT! 


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wr-lmvppver  iliown  here. 
Kent's    Hop    3-hIa(le    pen- 
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»1.      Prnnine    knife.   <*!. 
4S-pnce   list   free :   also, 
"How  to  Use  a  Razor." 


MAHER  &  GROSH. 

76  Summit  tl..  Toleilo.  0. 


»4 


THE   FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


She  F70USEHOLD, 


BRIGHTEN    UP. 


By  J.  E.  *McC. 


"  The  Blue-birds  are  singing, 
The  brown  bees  are  humming, 

The  grasses  are  springing, 
The  summer  is  coming, 
For  April  is  here." 

To  sec  dame  nature  spreading  her  bright  new 
carpet  over  the  earth,  and  freshening  up  all  her 
old  furnishings^  is  apt  to  fill  the  house-wife's 
mind  with  longings  to  do  the  same.  But  though 
carpets  are  down  so  low,  not  every  house-wife 
can  spare  the  money  this  spring  for  the  new  one 
she  covets.  The  next  best  thing  is  to  make  the 
very  most  of  those  already  on  hand.  A  roll  of 
matting  for  the  bed-rooms  is  a  great  blessing  in 
any  house,*a8  it  is  so  clean  and  easy  to  sweep, 
and  costs  far  less  a  yard  than  the  weaving  of  a 
rag  carpet.  Indeed,  it  is  cheaper  than  a  bare 
floor,  if  the  labor  of  scrubbing  counts  fot-  any- 
thing through  the  summer. 

An  old  stair  carpet  which  begins  to  look  thin 
in  places,  can  be  made  to  last  for  another  cam- 
paign by  lining  the  middle  part  with  strips  of  old 
carpeting,  darning  down  the  thin  places.  The 
steps  sliould  always  be  covered  wild  something 
bet<>re  the  carpet  is  laid  down,  si  rips  about  a 
foot  wide,  cut  from  an  old  quilt,  are  cxi-cllcnt  to 
lay  under  a  stair  carpet  to  prevent  wear  and 
deaden  sound,  and  the  la.st  is  not  the  least  impor- 
tant consideration  where  there  are  many  little 
/eet  to  tramp  up  and  down. 

A  fi'W  cents  worth  of  glue.  If  properly  applied, 
"Will  do  wonders  in  a  house  a  little  out  of  repair. 
Give  your  bright  boy  the  contract,  and  see  if  he 
does  not  set  to  rights  a  g(K)d  many  loose  pieces 
that  have  long  been  an  annoyance.  Some  day 
■when  the  sun  is  so  warm  that  you  can  throwopeii 
your  windows,  it  would  brighten  your  furniture 
greatly  to  give  it  a  coat  of  varnish.  Some  go  so 
faras  to  paintevcrything  that  will  bearpaintlng, 
but  It  needs  good  Judgment  to  keen  within 
bounds,  and  not  make  half  the  family  sick  while 
the  process  goes  on.  A  thorough-going  friend 
painted  even  her  ice  box,  and  for  the  next  week 
or  two  her  family  seemed  to  eat  and  drink  paint. 
April  is  a  good  month  to  do  many  odds  and  ends 
of  work,  like  washing  counterpanes  and  be<l- 
room  curtains,  as  there  is  more  time  now  than 
when  the  regular  hijuse-cleaning  process  bt-glns. 
There  is  n<t  need,  in  our  day  ,  of  the  toilsome 
bleaching  of  white  goods  that  was  practiced  by 
our  grandmothers,  as  we  have  helps  that  do  tlie 
business  much  quicker  and  better.  It  is  a  s^iviag 
of  money  to  use  them. 


RECIPES. 


Veai<  Cittlets.— Fry  brown,  \n  beef-drippings, 
covering  closely,  and  giving  It  plenty  of  lime. 
Then  talce  out  the  cutlet  and  dij)  it  Inabattcrof 
egg  and  tlour.  mixed  with  a  little  milk.  Fry 
again  until  brown,  and  serve  (lulckly. 

Veal  Fritters.— f'hop  cold  veal  fine,  mixing 
fat  and  lean.  Add  an  equal  quantity  of  fine 
bread  crumbs.  Si-juson  well  with  a  little  thyme, 
parsley,  or  wliatever  your  family  relishes,  then 
add  salt,  pepper,  and  a  beaten  egg.  Make  into 
little  cakes,  and  fry  <|ulckly. 

Tomato  (^RAVY.— Fry  a  cupful  of  sliced  toma- 
toes brown,  stirring  them  frequently.  Salt  and 
ffcpper  to  taste  ;  then  novir  i>n  a  pint  of  milk,  l^ct 
t  just  br)il,  tlu-n  thicken  slightly  with  fiour.  It 
is  excellent  Un-  buckwheat  cakes  in  the  morning. 
If  you  try  it  once,  your  boys  will  he  sure  to  call 
for  it  a  seciind  time. 

For  ('mnr.s.— When  the  chill  comes  on,  drink 
a  pint  of  s<'aldcd  milk,  in  whieh  has  been  stirred 
a  spoonful  of  ginger.  Sweeten,  if  desired,  and 
drink  as  imt  as  possible.  I  gave  these  directions 
to  a  lad  who  wa,s  sludving  liy  the  stove,  and  his 
mother  told  me  it  bn)k<'  the  <-hill  at  once,  and  In 
half  an  hour  he  wtis  out  skating. 

Roast  Veal,.— AViush  and  ruh  thoroughly  with, 
rait  and  pepper,  then  roll  up  the  veal  and  leave 
it  for  an  hour  or  two.  Prepare  a  nice  dressing  of 
bread  crumbs;  roll  the  veal  and  cover  tlilcKly 
with  the  dressing,  then  roll  and  wind  about  it  a 
strong  cord.  Bake  fnmi  two  to  three  hours, 
basting  often.  This  is  excellent  either  cold  or 
hot. 

Washing  Prints.— To  wash  prints  of  delicate 
colors,  boll  bran  In  soft  water,  and  when  cold, 
wash  the  goods  In  it,  and  rinso  thoroughly  sev- 
eral times.  It  will  cleanse  them  beautifully 
without  hurting  the  colors. 

I  have  washed  delicate  lawns  of  fiuling  colors, 
in  which  I  had  grated  two  or  three  large  pota- 
toes. It  kept  them  bright  and  clear  for  many 
washings. 

For  the  children's  fancy  stockings,  I  find  noth- 
ing serves  so  well  as  a  spoonful  of  nice  white 
turpentine  In  a  pail  half  full  of  water.  Use  no 
soap,  but  rinse  twice.  They  will  keen  their  color 
well  iis  long  as  one  pursues  this  method. 


TRUE  OR   FALSE   ECONOMY. 

By  LoiJi. 

There  Is  a  delusion  in  the  minds  of  many  In 
regard  to  tlie  "cheapness"  of  everyihlng  that  is 
"home-made."  Many  times  It  costs  more  and  is 
not  half  as  pretty  a,s  an  article  of  the  same  sort 
bought  at  the  store.  I  have  known  women  to 
toil  for  weeks,  during  all  the  spare  time,  to  tuft 
with  candlewicking  a  white  spread  made  out  of 
thin,  unbleached  ihuslln.  feeling  that  it  was  a 
great  triumph  of  art  when  tinisiied,  and  a  monu- 


ment to  their  industry  and  economy.  But  the 
money  it  cost  would  have  bought  a  far  prettier 
spread  that  could  have  been  washed  with  half 
the  labor.  I  always  doubted  the  economy  of 
spending  anything  in  upholstering  such  devices 
as  **  barrel  chairs,"  when  good  easy  chairs  of 
pretty  devices  can  be  had  for  but  a  very  little 
additional  outlay.  Some  of  these  economies  are 
agood  deal  like  those  of  a  lady  who  would  "  save  " 
some  y  ttle  bits  that  came  off  from  breadths  of  her 

f>arlor  carpet.  So  she  had  them  made  into  "  two 
ovely  ottomans,"  and  the  bill  came  in  to  her 
husband  of  thirteen  dollars  for  the  making. 
The  Having  was  not  so  clear  to  him. 

Fancy-work  for  recreation  is  an  excellent  thing, 
but  to  make  a  business  of  it.  under  the  impression 
that  one  is  saving  something  by  working  up 
scraps  and  odds  and  ends,  is  much  like  "spend- 
ing labor  for  that  which  profiteth  not."  Far 
better  let  the  scraps  go  with  the  rag  hag,  and 
make  a  clean  sweep  of  them.  Where  they  divert, 
amuse,  and  rest  the  mind,  they  are  most  valua- 
ble, though  the  products  are  worth  so  little. 
"Crazes "of  all  sorts  arevery  catching, and  I  sup- 1 
pose  always  have  been.  Even  our  crazy-quilts  are 
prettier  than  our  grandmothers'  old  samplers. 
One  looks  forward  with  curiosity  to  see  what  the 
next  craze  will  he.  Another  seems  about  due 
by  this  time. 

Even  the  time-honored  business  of  fruit  canning 
is  less  profitable  to  the  housekeeper  1  ban  it  seems. 
All  the  standard  goods  can  be  bought  so  ehcapb' 
that  it  is  a  great  question  wliether  she  saves  any- 
thing by  the  heating,  t<>iIsomc  ]>roccss  of  jjutting 
it  up  herself.  Good  brands  are  put  up  with  skill 
and  most  scrupulous  neatness,  and  with  facilities 
much  superior  to  those  the  average  housekeepers 
can  command,  so  they  are  almost  sure  to  keep. 
She  Is  a  happy  housekeeper  who  can  "  put  up  "  a 
dozen  cans  at  a  time  by  Just  an  ctrder  to  her  grocer, 
and  perhaps  it  will  prove  one  of  her  best  summer 
savings. 

THE  SPRING  SIEGE. 

The  semi-annual  grumble  and  growl  over  "the  . 
melancholy  days"  of  house  cleaning  are  now  in  [ 
order.     But  the  grumblers  arc   those  who  have 
the  easy  times  in  this  business,  so  we  can  well 
laugh  lit    their    fictitious  claims  to  martyrdom. 
When  a  learned  doctor  tells  us  that  fifty  thousand 
tvphusgermscan  hideln  thesnaceof  aplns  head, 
and  that  scalding   water  ana  soap  will   utterly 
destroy  them,  we  can  see  the  value  of  this  great 
housewlferv  institution.    Suppose  an  edict  went 
forth  this  spring  that   no  house  cleaning  was  to 
be  done  this  year,  what  sort  <if  a  sununer  would  1 
we  be  Ukelv  t'o  have,  with  cholera  lyingjust  over  , 
the  wat<r,  "waiting   for  the  emigration  season  to 
open?     Never  wa-s  there  more   need    of  having 
the  work  done  with  double  thoroughness,  from 
garret  to<-cllar,  so  that  all  these  lurking  germs  of 
evil  may  be  eliminated,  and  the  chance  of  sick- 
ness n-duced. 

Tdkr  time  enough.  I  would  print  this  In 
large  cajiltals  and  post  it  up  In  some  conspicu- 
ous place  all  the  time  llie  siege  lastJ*.  My  neigh- 
bor will  only  clean  house  forenoons,  and  in  the 
afternoon  she  and  her  girl  sit  down  to  their 
sewing.  She  is  a  woman  whose  house  Is  run  by 
clock-work,  more  exact  than  most  of  us  can 
secure,  but  her  practice  points  in  a  safe  direction. 


The  woman  who  rushes  and  "staves  through"' 
the  liusiness  inside  of  a  week  is  so  racked  and 
enleeliled  that  she  is  in  a  poor  condition  to  meet 
the  possibilities  of  a  sickly  summer,  or  to  enjoy 
the  fruits  of  her  labors  in  a  good  summer.  Be 
saving  of  yourself,  and  you  will  find  it  the  truest 
economy.  The  money  you  pay  out  hiring  stout 
muscles,  good  appliances  for  doing  the  work  in 
the  way  of  excellent  brushes,  brooms  for  scrub- 
bing down  panels  and  window  corners,  good 
window  cleaners,  the  nicest  of  soap  powders, 
chamois  skin  for  cleaning  glasses,  and  the  like, 
is  so  much  money  dropped  into  the  savings  bank. 
Nothing  pays  such  interest  as  health  and 
strength.  If  only  whole  households  could  be 
made  to  believe  it,  and  practice  the  right  sort  of 
economy  to  save  it,  how  many  poor  doctors 
would  be  found  to  go  plowing  for  a  living. 


LIVING   OUT. 


By  Olive. 


"You  don't  tell  me,  Mrs.  Lee,  tnat  you  are 
going  to  let  Emma  live  out  this  summer?  " 

'*  Yes;  she  has  engaged  to  help  Mrs.  Stanley  for 
four  months,  and  if  both  are  suited,  she  may  stay 
longer.  It  was  necessary  for  her  to  be  earning, 
and  house-work  Is  what  she  understands  best." 

"But,  could  she  not  get  a  place  in  a  store,  or 
something  of  that  sort  instead  ?  " 

"She  miglit,but  it  would  not  be  half  so  profita^ 
ble  nor  pleasant,  nor  so  good  for  her.  Mrs.  Stan- 
ley is  an  old  friend,  and  will  do  right  by  her.  She 
will  earn  ten  dollars  a  month  besides  lier  boards 
and  few  shop  girls  do  that  until  after  long  experi- 
ence. She  has  a  home  where  she  is,  and  will  be 
protected  and  cared  for.  It  would  be  just  the 
reverse  in  a  store  in  the  city." 

"But  you  know  there  is  a  general  sentiment 
against  working  out,  and  girls  feel  such  things,  I 
can  tell  you.  I  wouldn't  have  my  Maria  live  out 
for  any  sum  you  can  name." 

"Of  course  I  should  be  glad  to  keep  my  girl  at 
home  If  I  could  afford  it;  but  as  I  cannot,  I  far 
nrefer  this  to  aiSy  other  work  for  women  that  I 
know  of.  I  think  she  will,  on  the  whole,  be  Just 
lus  much  respected  where  she  is,  and  as  useful  to 
herself  and  others,  as  she  would  to  be  known  as 
a  sh<)p  girl.  She  will  have  considerable  time  for 
reading  and  sewing,  and  Mrs,  Stanley  is  glad  to 
loan  her  books  and  magazines  in  the  evening. 
There  are  places  where  I  would  not  have  her  live 
for  anything;  but  there  is  little  choice  of  associ- 
ates for  a  girl  in  a  store  or  work-shop.  House- 
work Is  tlie  one  business  not  over-crowded;  yet,, 
it  is  the  best  paying,  and  I  think  the  least  un- 
comfortable for  one  who  understands  it.  Besides, 
it  is  In  the  line  of  a  woman's  work  all  her  life  long^ 
which  is  just  the  reverse  with  store  and  factory 
work.  Tlu-y  rather  unfit  a  girl  f<ir  good  house- 
keeping when  she  has  a  home  of  her  own.  1  wish 
the  over-taxed  in<)ther  and  wives  of  our  land  had 
each  as  good  a  helper  for  the  st-ason  as  my  Km  ma, 
and  that  they  luul  the  discretion  to  make  a  home 
with  them  so  comfortable  that  they  would  be 
willing  to  stay.  I  am  not  surprised  that  a  scold- 
ing w<mian  can  never ' keep  help'  any  length  of 
time  before  she  changes.  It  is  useless  to  look  for 
a  place  with  no  unpleasant  things  about  it. 
There  are  duties  on  both  sides,  and  employers 
sliould  remember  it.  I  think  if  they  were  more 
considerate,  poor  girls  In  this  country  would  not 
be  so  opposed  to  living  out." 


25 


CARDS 


SATIN  FINISH 

«OLI)K>  BOKDER 

NAMK   <l\.   ^«rh    rar.t   c«..T«-.t    "llh 

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T  oun  IE  Peo- 
pU''h  L  i  f  e  of 
lieore*  Wanh- 
1  n  fc  t  on  ,  Itov- 
I  hood,  V  o  u  thf 
I  Manhood* 
I  l>i.-nth.  Honor* 
tv  WilUam  M. 
Thayer,  with 
Kuloey  t>y  €lcn> 
-  -  iir'II  en  ry 
i  Leei  46H  pages, 
I  elcganily  bound. 
I  I  n  olot  h  &ii<l 
IT  o  1  d.  K  V  e  ry 
American^ 
old  or  younn^ 
should  become  lo- 
niiliar  with  the 
I  Lift;  or  Wasbing- 
Ii  i\iil  con- 
I  firm  their  pa- 
t  r  I  ot  I  Mm  anil 
I  Ktrenffthon 
I  thfir  lojHlty. 
lOli  a  charac* 
J  tcr  «ill  t>trum» 
Inptplratloa 
!  to  them,  cllcl- 
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almn  anfl  Impelling  to  nobler  deetli^  Prii-."  hv  mail,  post- 
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reirt"tcri-d  i,  tifr       OKOKH   NOW.  and   mention   this 

paper.    Aadre>>  FRANKLIN  NEWS  CO..  Pklladelphla.  Pa. 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


'5 


©OI^I^ESPONDBNGE. 


Sevmour  Carrier  Floyd,  N.  Y.,  asks,  l.-If  chick- 
ens hatchiMl  in  September  andOctnlier  will  moult 
tlie  Idle. Winn  fall.  2.-Will  Bralinia  lieus sit  when 
led  lieuvv  <in  ground  oyster  shells,  meat,  bones, 
etc.?  'Answer:  I.-Yes.  2.-Yes,  but  will  lay  long- 
er and  more  abundantly  and  will  not  sit  as  early 
as  hens  less  liberally  fed. 

E.  C.  Jacobs,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  asks  how  to  use 
sa'"  (?'.;s;  as  a  fertilizer.  Answer:  Use  it  as  bed- 
ding in  the  stable  to  absorb  the  urine  and  then 
spread  on  the  land.  It  may  be  burned  and  the 
ashes  used,  but  if  spread  on  the  soil  alone  it  is 
apt  to  make  the  soil  sour  and  will  be  an  injury 
rather  than  benefit.  Lime  will  remove  the  sour- 
ness. 

John  H.  Hutchenson,  Juliaettc,  Nez  Perces  Co., 
Idaho,  asks,  l.-\Vliat  is  the  matter  with  hlsmare. 
2.-H0W  to  keep  grafts  from  drying.  Answer:  1.- 
Your  mare  has  taken  a  severe  cold  which  has 
listened  i.H  tile  lungs.  We  would  recommend 
the  oiiidition  powder,  the  receipt  of  which  we 
gave  last  P'eliruary,  or  any  other  good  condition 
powder.  i.-I'ack  the  root  grafts  in  moss  or  sand 
or  wet  paper  and  put  away  in  a  dark  cellar  until 
set  in  tile  ground. 

A  subscriber,  no  State,  asks  for  the  proper  pro- 
portions of  ingredients  of  egg  food  and  condition 
powders  given  last  month?  Ans:  You  can  vary 
them  to  suit  your  convenience.  Absolute  pro- 
portions of  the  materials  are  not  required.  We 
should  not  use  over  one  pound  of  copperas  and 
Ave  pounds  of  linseed  cake  to  UKi  pounds  of  the 
powder.  The  copperas,  if  given  in  larger  propor- 
tion, will  be  too  caustic  if  fed  freely,  and  the  lin- 
seed cake  will  prove  too  laxative. 

E.  Hoft'ner,  Ogden,  Utah,  asks  about  concrete 
houses.  Answer:  I.'  you  have  cheap,  good  lime 
and  plenty  of  good,  ciean  gravel,  concrete  houses 
are  cncaply  made.  The  usual  proportion  of  lime 
is  one  bushel  of  lime  to  eight  of  sand  In  the 
best  houses  to  a  bushel  of  lime  to  fourteen 
of  sand  and  gravel.  The  usual  plan  is  to  set  two 
boards  the  width  of  the  wall,  mix  the  concrete 
and  put  in  wall,  and,  as  soon  as  set.  raise  the 
boards  and  1111  again.  A  very  good  house  may 
be  made  of  concrete.  Y'ou  ask  also  about  the 
Twomley  Knitting  Machine.  The  machine  is  a 
good  one  for  ttie  purpose  it  is  designed. 

James  Kelly,  Snow  Hill,  Indiana,  asks,  l.-Can 
raspberries  be  raised  from  seed?  2.-Will  they  be 
the  same  as  the  berries  they  were  grown  from? 
3.-When  should  the  seed  lie  planted?  Answer: 
l.-Yes.  2.-N0;  will  be  like  Joseph's  coat  of  many 
colors.  3.-Plant  the  seed  as  soon  a.s  possible  in 
pots  in  a  warm  window  or  hot-house.  Plant  shal- 
low. When  large  enough,  plant  in  open  ground 
and  shelter  the  first  winter  with  straw  or  brush. 
Y'ou  may  get  some  valuable  new  berries,  but  prob- 
abl.y  in()st  all  will  be  of  little  value.  All  new 
raspberries  are  grown  from  the  seeds,  and  but  a 
few  are  valuable.  If  you  have  time  you  should 
try  it. 

Mrs.  D.  B.  Rowland,  Eau  Claire,  Wis.,  asks.  1.- 
How  much  feed  will  be  required  for  liii»)  silk- 
worms? 2.-Where  to  get  seed  of  groundnuts? 
l.-Much  depends  upon  the  size  of  the  trees,  but  of 
the  size  you  mention  we  think  .vou  would  need 
at  least  a  dozen.  The  worms  are  voracious 
feeders  and  when  they  are  at  their  most  rapid 
growth  consume  leaves  very  rapidly.  2.-Y0U  can 
get  them  anywhere.  Ask  for  the  peanuts  uii- 
roasted  of  an.v  one  who  keeps  them  for  sale  and 
you  will  get  thein.  Tliey  are  usually  kept  at  all 
large  towns  and  are  roasted  as  the  trade  requires. 
The  groundnut,  peanut,  pindar,  etc.,  are  all  con- 
sidered tile  same  thing. 

Mabel  Gray,  Oakdale,  Pa.,  asks  '.low  to  make 
concrete  walks  for  gardens,  etc.  .\nswer;  Tlie 
kind  best  and  easiest  made  is  to  round  ui>  the 
soil  where  the  walk  is  to  be  made  and  put  a  layer 
of  clean,  coarse  sand  over  it.  Then  take  common 
coal  (gas)  tar  and  heat  it  hot  in  a  pot  and  pour  it 
over  the  gravel  and  spread  wliile  li<it.  As  soon 
as  it  is  cold  spread  over  it  clean  sand  and  use  hot 
tar  again,  until  the  sand  and  tar  make  a  c<1at 
two  inches  tliick,  and  in  a  few  da.vsthe  walk  will 
be  dry  and  hard.  If  the  walk  is  well  made  and 
the  grouml  previousl.v  made  very  solid,  the 
walk  will  Uist  many  years;  but  if  notj  will  not 
last  long.  Y'ou  can  take  long  shingling  lath, 
sawed  1x2*2  inches  and  nailed  tn\  3x4  cross 
pieces  of  the  widtli  you  want  the  path  two  feet 
ajiart  and  nail  the  lath  on  tiiem  an  inch  apart, 
will  make  a  cheap,  clean  walk.  Any  carpenter 
can  make  it. 

EMPIREWELLAUCERGO. 

Jlamiraoline  iutI  spII  nn  trial,  with  man 
sent  to  set  up  'itiii  lest,  tht  bt-st 

ARTESIAN  AND  COMMON 
WELL  TOOLS  and  PROS- 
PECTING MACHINERY. 

No    money  required    until    maciiine  is 

Tested  to  Sat- 
isfaction of  the 
Purchaser. 

We  will  TEST  Willi 
any  macliiiie  yet  pro- 
duced, and  do  more 
worK  with  -same  pow- 
er, or  no  sale.  Send 
for  circular. 

^  F.  P.  RXJST, 

MANAGER, 
ITHACA,    N.  Y. 


R!NCS. 

Tliese  are  the  best  18  K.  Solid  rolled  Colrt 
Rings  made.  Theyare  worth  «'2.O0.  but  to  in- 
troduce our  rinp:s,  which  we  warrant  to  look  ana 
wearlike  solid  sold,  we  makethis  tirand  special  of- 
fer. Sample  H-Round  or  Flat  King  by  mail  tor 
Fifty  Cenls  istanips  takenl.  Address  Lynu  Oc 
CO.,  769  Broadway,  New  Vorli. 


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iroiA-,u-ilihc  [livflt  to  tLV^ry  nfir  .yulfsnther  to 
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Th^  yashioh  Magazine  conluins  120  large 
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Cutout  this  notice  and  titail  ivith  30  C€nts,the 
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MONEY  IN  POTATOES  1 


40O    BUSHELS   TO    THE 
ACRE  AS  A  FIELD  CROP. 


The  appendix,  clvlne  Impar* 
■    •  -Iptlon  ofth 


tinl  description  orthe  new 
rlettff*.  thfir  Tnerltw  and  dc; 
feet*,    U  worth  tht-  prit-e  of, 
to  t-vt'ry  one  who 
intends  to  buy 
"^onebunhel  of 4 
Heed  Fota- 
toej*. 


the  b' 


OUR  NEW  BOOK. 

Our  HyHtem  fully  e-\plalne< 


'  Faioriw.  Eorly  8ortft,  Int<*rni(-dluii' '^ort*,  Lat 


A  complete  Instructor  for  the 
,..,  Potato  trower.  ItluHtratejL 
Nvstem  tullv  e-vpialned  In  1  7  Chapter.*.  56  well  [iriin- 
ed  paztj-i  ami  ii  liuini-oiiii-  .^over.  cuuiaining  Lh^iiit-rs  full>  ev}ilaiimig 
the  fuUowiui:  tr'W  iduas  au.l  showiug  ihL-.st.-  t-ssetitial  points  in  poiaio 
raising:— Selection  of  Ground— desirat.le  soils,  soils  to  be  nvotd- 
ed,  virgin  soil,  clover  soil:  Manure  and  lt«  Application— feed 
the  latid  well  and  il  will  feed  >ou  .  Preparing  tne  Soil— lall  and 
Biiriui;  plowing,  lining  the  j=oil.  mucking,  depth  of  fiirrow.t.  the  "  Bur- 
,vl     iiii'thoil .  Selectlono  of  Seed— the  best  variety,  high  lircerling 

.:  ;„,(:, s,   Cutttne   the  Seed— single  eve,  vields  reaulting  irom 

1  r  rni  aiiiniiiit-  "f  sc-il ;  Plontlniff— time  of  planting,  distance 
L  1;  ■  (ultlvatlng— liarrow  and  cultiiator,  shi>vel  plow,  hoe.  le\e\. 
iiiFLi  aiiou  \er^u's  hilling  :  Uucm  and  Wornm— 'he  White  Oruh,  the 
A  in_-  Worm,  the  Cokirado  Potato  Bug;  llarventlnK— time-'t  dii^ging. 
r  itii  dlgeer'^.  hand  implements,  plow  sorting,  handy  e rales.  Seed 
I'otutoeo— I'roduolion  >  if  new  varieties,  their  di  ^seminal  ion.  local  or 
..li.-i.nii;  traile,  hiKh  iT'-.-diuL: :  Extra  Early  Sortt.—Karl>  Ohio. 
Uuumore  See-lliog.  MammoLh  Pearl,  U.K.  .Mammoth  PruH tic. 


!>.«.  Favorite.  Early  »ortft,  lnt<-rme(nu.i' J^ort*,  i>at<-'->ri»»-i'"u--— ---■■-*■  —— 

HAVE  YOU  AN  ACRE  YOU    WTEND  TO  PLANT  IN  PpTATOES? 

■  ■**■■•.      ••***      r»i»       *^^*""       ■  ^^       ■■      ■  ,,„„    T.  -.1. .,. v..„i,^„i.       Alt  other  sub- 


1M»^T  ANI>  I'KOFITS. 

I  ti  r:-  lit  new  .lov.T  worth  SlW,  .  $6  00 

...e.  IJ  loads  or  its  equivalent,    .     .  16  00 

n-ing  and  harrowing.  .     -     1     ■     •     .    2  00 

-.king,  plowing  furrows,  covering.     .     1  50 

Tipping  seed  bv  hand 1  50 

1.  Jj  bushels  @6l>c. 15  00 

ivating.  etc 6  00 

ve-ling  and  marketing,  .     .     .  .     5  00 

Suppose  vou  raise  $51  00  — ---' 

3  buahels  %  260.  62  50 

Profit.     111  50 


^t^ 


n? 


^T^Ti?r 


arge  percentage  forth 
than  5i»  cents  in  any  part  of  this 


If  80.  It  will  p"ay  you  to  >ee  this  book,  Alt  other  s 
jects  have  been  f\illy  treated  liy  competent  authors. 
The  strawherry  ha.s'bad  ten  honks  written  almut  it  to- 
one  concerning  the  potato.  Which  have  vou  the  most 
monev  in-  UIIDn  TIMCC  make  It  necessary 
vested  in?  nAllU  |  |  HI  tO  f-r  ">  to"'ake  ev- 
ervthing  tell.  Read  the  tal.lc  which  is  here  placed. 
Compare  this  with  4n0  hush.  ls=timf=profit^*S.  If 
we  can  show  vuu  this  diflerenct-  on  (me  acre,  why  hes- 
itate to  send'5"  cents  for  this  hook?  The  results  of 
Experiments  In  flllled  th.  Level  Planting 
fiiUv  discwssed  and  clearly  cvplained.  This  les-on 
is  worth  nianv  time';  the  cost  of  the  hook  Keeping' 
the  Crop  after  Harvcfttlnff.  Tr.  save  two  tiusb- 
[iroved  methods  described  In  this  book.  Two  bushel* 
ntrv.      This  raake«  another  lesBon  worth  more>' 


^Uian  theooKtof  the  book.     Nortlng  the  Heed.  Taluaiilehintson  the  subject.  An  oriainal  plan^ 
thereotilf    of  mimv  year*' «':^perlenee.     This  hook  Is  just  from  the  press  and  will  be  mailed  post-paid  on  receipt  of  504k. 
Address  with  50  cents  in  stamps  or  Postal  Note 

rxLaivKiiixv  xvev^s  co.,  fhiIiAdeIiFBIa,  ta. 


____  Mammoth  DEWBrRfiT.  Netv  Impehtm,  Gebman^  Paxsies. 

THE  MAMMOTH  DCWBERHT In  this  new  rmlt  (whlchmiphtbe  called  a  climbing  blackherTT) 

we  have  the  most  deUcluua  of  all  berries,  and  one  of  tlie  niostornameDtalof  all  climbing  vines.  They  should  be 
trained  on  atrelHsortled  to  a  slake  like  prapevlnes,  and  In  the  Spring  they  produce  great  masses  of  large,  pura 
white  sweet-scented  flowers,  whith  arefoUuwed  by  clusters  of  delicious  fruit,  larger,  richer  and  far  more  pro- 
llflc  than  blackbcrri-s,  very  juicy  and  sweet  to  the  core.  The  fruit  Is  borne  In  great  quantity,  and  Is  admitted  by- 
all  to  be  the  finest  of  all  berries-  It  Is  perfectly  hardv  and  does  not  sticker  from  the  roots,  but  is  Increased  from 
the  tipsllkeblack-capraspberrles.  It  Is  sure  to  succeed  in  any  soil  or  climate.  In  market  the  berries  bring  a 
large  price.  Aside  from  Its  value  as  an  ornamental  climbing  vine.  It  Is  the  most  valuable  of  all  small  fruits. 
Strongplantsbymall,  post-paid.  40ceach,8f(ir»l.  l^forSS.  Two-year-uld  plants  TSceach.  Getyour 
nelghours  to  order  with  you.  &!itl?fjtct!on  guarant  e.-d.  Preserve  this  as  It  will  not  appear  again  in  this  paper. 
OurnewIMPEKIAXOEKMAK  PAXSIES  havecn  atetlaBensatlon,  andare  the 
floral  vunder  of  the  limes.  Flowers  of  enormous  size,  with  colors 
I  and  markings  entirely  new. and  of  marveluusbeautv.(  see  catalogue) 
t  They  bloom  f  mm  May  to  Dec.  ;alwayslarge  and  profuse  through  Iho 
f  dry,  hot  weather  of  Summer,  wlien  other  sorts  tail.  Mixed  seed  of 
f  over  50  distinct  colors  25c  per  paper.  "We  have -lOdistlnct colors  sep-^ 
arate.suchas  pure  white,  black,  yellow,  blucvarlegated,  &c.,  at  20c 
per  paper.  The  white  is  magnificent  for  cemeteries.  Our  new  , 
PKIZE  TEHBEVA9  and  OIAN'T  WHITE  SPIRAL 
MIGXOXETTE  are  magnificent ;  seed 20c  nernaper.  ^Ve  also 
send  12  large  iluweringbulbsof  douMe  PEA  RE  TUBEROSES 
r90c:  5  fine  hardy  1.1E1ES,  Including  Auratuin.  75c:  13  choice 
mixed  Gr.ADIOLVTS,  50c:  4  beautiful  TEA-ROSES,  white,* 
red.  ycllowandplnk,  50c  ;  4  Carnation  Pinks,  4  Geraniums,  4  Chrys-  ' 
anthemums.or4Fuebt-iasfor5iic.  See  ourlarge.beautiful catalogue 
free  to  all.  for  other  special  offers.  Anyof  the  above  articles  will  be 
sent  by  mail,  post-paid,  and  guaranteed  to  arrive  In  good  condition. 
They  are  exactly  as  represented,  and  will  more  than  please  those 
who  plant  them.    Many  years  of  Mberal  and  honest  dealings  have  _„.  j,qo- 

v;Ar.»/i...w.,.       secured  to  us  ourgreatbuslness.extendingtoallparlsof  the  world.  ^       „      .   '        i„ 

CtCnO  DIM  00  9nf(  Dl  AUTQ  Ourlargo,  beautifully  Illustrated  catalogue  sent  free  to  all  who  apply. 
OttUOi  DULDO  flnU  rLANIOi  New  and  beautiful  Xlliea,  Amaryllis.  Gladiolus.  Tuberoses.  Carnatlona, 
Roses.  Flower  and  Vegetable  Seeds.  Remember  that  our  goods  have  an  established  reputation  and  are  wap» 
ranted  true.    Order  at  once  andask  for  Catalogue. 

Address,   J-    Xj:e:-v«7-xs    c;zxxXj33S,   QUEENS,   LONC   ISLAND,   N.   Y. 
N.  B.-Remlttances  can  be  made  In  Stamps.  Greenbacks.  Drafts.  P.O.Mmiey  Orders  cr  Postal  Notes^ntall 
P.O.MoneyOrdersurNotesmustbemadepayableatNew  York  City  Post<»fflce.    SPECIAL  OFFEK-bo^ 
every  dollar's  worth  ordered,  we  will  give  Free  a  paper  of  the  above  Mlgnonette,VerbeEa.or  pure  White  Paney^ 


CARNATION'. 


16 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


Odds  and  tiNDS 


'CURIOSITIES  TO   BE  SEEN   IN    NEW  ORLEANS. 

Among  tlie  novelties  we  saw  in  New  Orleans 
were  :— 

A  piece  of  lead  pipe  with  the  makers  name  on 
It.    1500  years  old. 

Drum  and  colored  drummer  who  sounded  the 
long  roll  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  in  ISl.'i. 

A  model  of  a  mammoth  Ki  feet  high,  and  in- 
•chldiiig  the  curve  of  the  tvislts,  2:3  feet  long. 

A  heet  Irom  California  that  weighed  84  pounds. 
A  pumpliin  that  weighed  222  pounds,  an  Irish 
^potato  that  weiglied  12  pounds,  and  a  pear  2% 
pounds. 

A  ratabega  turnip  from  Oregon  that  weighed 
^  pounds,  and  was  four  feet  in  circumference. 
A  straivleafed  turnip  that  weighed  39)^  pounds; 
4  feet,  2  ineiies  in  circumference.  A  41-pound 
cabbage  licad.  Au  8';;  pound  Irisli  potato,  car- 
rots 1)  inches  in  diameter  and  32  inches  long. 
Oregon  also  had  an  apple  that  weighed  -'i  pounds 
:2  ounces,  and  pears  weighing  2  pounds,  U  ounces, 
■weight.    Wheat  6  feet,  6  inches  high. 

A  worlting  model  of  a  locomotive  engine  made 
'by  a  negro  from  Tennessee. 

Oranges  from  Florida  weighing  2  pounds  each. 

Plum  trees  one  year  i>ld  Hi  feet  high.  Bartlett 
j)earone  year  old  1"  feet  high.  Peach  trees  one 
j-ear  old  10  feet,  G  inches  liigh. 

Nebraska,  a  Chill  siiuash  216?^  pounds. 

Arkansas,  Red  Clover  7  feet  high.  100  tons  on 
"25  acres. 

Big  trees,  big  corn,  big  wheat,  big  oats  and  big 
^how.    Uo  ana  see  it. 


PERUVIAN  GUANO 

DIRECT    IMPORTATIONS. 

Our  arrangements  w'uh  Messrs.  Hiictadu  &  Co..  sole 
importers  of  PERUVIAN  GUANO  umler  last  Cuv- 
eniment  Cumract  tMiai)k-s  us  lu  otter  tliis  thvoi'ite 
fertilizer  at  LOW  KST  ltATE!S.  For  iiarticiilais 
and  prices  CIIKISTIAN  &  CO.,  No.  141  North 
apply  lu        \\  alei-  street,  Philadelpbia,  Peiina. 


Send  2  cent  stamp  for  catalogue  of  j^"^ 

Address,  Rcniiie,  Allisun  *fc  Co. 

Philadelphia,   Peuua* 


GUNS 


CHAMPIOM  ^  bALlHIii  PRESSES 


A  bale  In  9  mlnntes 
Ton  an  hour.  Loads 
10  to  1 


SEEDS  AND  PL  ANTS 

BEST  VARIETIES  AT  LOW  PRICES. 

CATAIiOGVi:  FREE.  i 

A.  E.  SPALDING.  AIKSWORTH.  IOWA.    | 

We  will  send  vnu  a  watchorachaln 
ItV  MAIL  OK  EXPKKSS,  C.  O.  D. ,  to  be 

exainiiieil  belore  payingany  money 
nnii  II  not  ^atlJ^factory. returned  at 
ourcxpense.  We  nianufactnri'  all 
OTir  wrilr'licp  find  save  \tm   :W  per 

vvM.  rjitalotrm-  tif  ^50  stvh's  free, 
Kv.-r\  Wntcli  W;iri.inte.l.     Atidresa 

SIMDARD  AMERICAN  WAICfl  CO, 

FIIISBUKUU.  PA. 


Poison  Ivy.— This  deadly  foe  to  iiumy  Is  the 
thive-nii!;orcd  variety.    Tho  other  is  luirinless. 

The  LARiiKST  Room  in  tlie  world  under  one 
iroof  and  iiubrolienl)y  pillars  is  in  St.  Petersliurg. 
It  is  (VJ)  feet  long  by  1.50  broad,  and  requires  ai.OOi) 
wax  tapers  to  light  it. 

Fi.oKiDA  Grasses.— Professor  Gunning  says 
that  Florida  has  nearly  ."KKI  speeies  of  grass,  but 
not  a  griuss  that  would  fatten  asheep.  Evidently 
lit  was  not  eut  out  for  a  grazing  eountry.  ^Vhat  a 
blessing  condensed  milk  mast  be  to  Florida 
Jolks.    But  thon  the  oranges ! 

A  LoNQ  WaTjK.- A  Boston  wife  slyly  atta<hed  a 
pedometer  to  her  husband's  roat  when  be  went 
•out  after  tea,  "Just  to  balance  his  books."  The 
'little  meter  told  of  (Ifteen  miles  on  his  return.  It 
is  a  long  walk  around  a  billiard  table  for  so  many 
lnturs.    Strange  our  young  men  don't  wear  out.    . 

rn^rrpATioN. — The  great  panacea  for  dullness, 
worM-weariness,  and  sorn)\v  of  all  sorts  Is  ()ecu- 
pation.  If  the  greater  portion  of  our  race  were 
not  compelleil  to  work  for  daily  liread,  tlie  sum 
of  liuman  misery  would  be  increased  ten-fold. 
And  yet  we  go  on  all  our  lives  sighing  for  that 
blessed  far-otrtinie  when  we  shall  be  rich  enough 
to  retire  from  business.  Have  you  yet  met  the 
really  happy  idler? 

AOXE-Eoo  Feast.— DwightWeitin  counted  the 
guests  who  were  to  dine  witli  him  at  his  ostrieli 
■farm  in  Calil'ornia,  and  found  tlure  were  ten. 

"  One  egg  will  do  I  guess,"  and  they  repaired  to 
^he  paddock,  and  soon  came  back  with  a  fresh 
•ostrich  egg,  whose  contents  equaled  twenty-eight 
hens  eggs.  It  was  boiled  one  hour  then  shelled 
and  carved,  and  all  declared  it  very  good  eating. 
Its  appcarence  and  taste  was  like  a  ducks  egg, 
»nd  it  had  a  pei'uiiar  flavor. 

Rathek  ancient  Peas.— It  was  related  that 
Mr.  Wilkenson,  the  learned  explorer  of  Egypt, 
found  a  vase  hermctiealiy  sealed  in  a  mummy 
pit,  which  he  sent  to  the  British  Museum.  The 
vase  was  accidentally  broken,  and  witliin  were 
found  a  few  peas  dry,  wrinkled,  and  hard  as 
■stones.  They  were  planted  under  glass,  and  in 
thirty  days  sprang  up  and  grew.  They  may  have 
been  burled  since  the  days  of  Moses.  What  a 
■wonderful  thing  is  the  life-power  even  In  the 
humblest  seed  or  i>lant 

The  late  Cyrus  H.  M'Cormiek  may  well  be 
called  a  benefactor  of  his  race.  Without  his  in- 
vention, how  little  of  our  great  wheat  belt  would 
be  cultivated,  and  how  little  wheat  exported. 
The  oid-linie  sickle  and  scythe  would  be  a  poor 
■dependence  for  feeding  such  a  world  full  of  peo- 
ple ac  we  now  have  to  supply.  To  render  vast 
tracts  of  land  so  useful,  thus  increasing  national 
-wealth  and  cheapening  tlie  staff  of  life  all  over 
the  world,  is  a  higher  achievement  than  those  of 
most  of  the  famous  statesmen,  warriors,  or  scien- 
tists of  au  age  or  country. 


Address  Famous  Manufact^g^  Co.,  Qulccy,  IlL 


To  clear  your  land  of  Stumps  atii  Boulders,  use 

-JUDSON  POWDER- 

CHEAPER  THAN  THE  STUMP  PULLER. 

SEND  KOR  PAMPHLET  AN.>    I'KICE-I.IKT. 

JUDSON  POWDER  CO.,  ""e*  y^if^ET^- 


ANDERSON,    HARRIS  k  GO.      ■ADCC  PROFITS 

Wholesale   MnnnfocttiTers  404  ■HllWt      I     IIVI    I  I  V 


404 

LIBERTY  ST., 

CINCINNATI,    0, 
Platlorm  and  Hill 

Platform  Wagons 


CRYSTAL  CREAMER. 

LATEST  I   BEST  I 

Glass  Cans,  fast  Iron  Water  Tanks, 
Paitnt  Ice  Bux,  requires  liiile  if 
any  ice,  no  rust,  no  corroding.  Used 
by  besl  dairymen.  Large  or  small 
dairios.  any  size.  Write  for  circu- 
|.  lars  and  sjiecial  ofler  to  first  pur- 
chaser lo  introduce,  at  once. 
O.  lu  KNEEI.AND.  Franklin.  X.  T. 

^  FAIRVIEW-NURSERIES'-t«r^ 

^v   aOO  AtllES  IN  FliriT  TKKKS  AND 
"=^  SAIAl-I-  FRl'IT  PLANTS. 

•i^.OOO  I'lm  li  Tri'es,  dicii-i-  Kieflerand 

,e  (oiile  IVar  Trees^    All  kimis  ot  luir- 

ser\  >-u.rk.    small  fi'uits.  and  Osase  Or- 

nnJBC  specialties.     Send  for  price-list.    Ad 

dress,  J,  PERKINS.  MOORESTOWN.  H.  J. 


ONL\  820  I.NVESTBK.NT  rpi(iiire<l.  N*>w  I'rnrpi*, 
jt^A  timr-'Uchlypiactical  mi-thod  tormuli  ng 
Rul'l'er Stamps,  with  compleie  t raveling' outtit 
chert,.  forSaO.  Ample -In'k  "Khrnrh  ontni  to 
makpS40.  511  N  NOW  JIIKK  SS  I"  $2S  pcrilnT. 
For  piirticolara  an'i  private  circular,  send 

Lrp'J.W.MANNEER.XiffJi^ 


BEI«s  The  FLORAL  WORLD 


Made  for  the  monev 


i^^  FREE 

CATALOUCE 


A  siiperh  Illustrated  :s>l.O0  ninntlily  free  1  year  to  all 
irau-J     that  enclose  this  ad.  lu  us  non'  "  Uli  2-li'.  (or  postuKC. 

FLOHAL.  VVUKL.D,  llighhiud  Park,  III. 


ENTERPRISE 

Wind  M'^i- 

Knoun  and  sold  Iliroiiirhout 
the  wtirld,  and  uckiM>wU-il;;ed 
the  IJesi.  Simple,  Duriihic, 
strong.  FfW  JulntH.  Friction- 
less  Turtitable,  Multipl>  ing 
Ball  ("Hivernor.  All  size's  lor 
lUUlruad.  I'ity.and  Farm  pur- 
poses. Eveiv  mill  warranted. 
ENTEKPKISE  F£EI>  MILL. 
New  and  start  linff.  For  Wind, 
Horse.  str;un.  or  water  power. 
Climax  Corn  and  Cotton  Culll- 
valors,  T'lnnpH,  TaiiKs,  ttc- 
Kond  for  HKOU'>  Culnloffur. 
SANDWICH  ENTERPRISE  CO.. 
S.V.NUWKll,  ILl. 


EsUhlldhed  IWU.  Ortdnat  Importer  of  tho  hmons  Prince  Ed- 
warilV  Ittlnnd  Early  Ro»e,  and  wholesale  rlealcr  in  flio  lycit 
■itaii-lnril  vani  lii  .  Prices  al«av>  ih-'  \nvci-A  consislmt  with  ijuallty 
an-l  I'uriiv.     \.  K.— Wc  deal  in  no  faiiev  kinds. 


SPECI ALOFFER  SEEPS^^'^^^'° 


Our  Seeds  are  UNS!'RPASSEn  in  the  world.  Tn  prnve  their  (ireat  ,"*»upcriority,  and  introduce  them 
intothoasandsof  new  homes,  wp  will  4^»  A  A  (  ArTllfll  Ufll  IIP  <tO  7Rl  5J!'  U  ^'''Ki  I  \l,  IN- 
eendKKKi:  bv  iiinil,  on  receipt  ..f  2>I.UU  (  «L  I  UAL  WALUtai^-XaJ  TuAlU  CTION  HOX 
OF  SEEDS.  contnininK  3<>  l-urce  Pnrketsof  all  the  IlKST,  New  and  Stnndard  VECiETAHIvES, 
making  a  complete  fnmily  jiarden.  For  list  of  variptif*.  see  onr  lar^e  ndverliHeiiient  in  Eebriinry  number 
of  this  paper  3  Bo\eHr*^CI  nU/CD  001  I  CPTinU  Cnmprisinp  lO  Pa.cket'^ri.nir^af  Floir^r  Sr^'io.wat^a 
mailed  for  only  *2..jO.  Oar  rLUflCn  UULLlUi  lUll  postpaid  for  2o  cenlHia  stamps  5  cnllectionB,J)| 
tf>  I  f\g\g\  |U  PACU  DDITrC  ^"'  ^^^  products  of  our  Seeds  in  mS.j— competition  opr^n  lo  all. 
«9IbVww   m  bRon_r_nliCj  For  particulars,  see  our  (■arden  and  Farm  .^lanniil.  mailed  *' 


I' rep. 


JOHNSON  & STOKES 


«3-  SEED    WAREHOUSES  -%* 
Nos.  21»  Si  1114  ftlAKKET  ST. 


PHILAD'A,  PA. 


Poultry  for  PLEASURE 

ANB 

Poultry  for  PROFIT. 

We  are  called  npon  now-a-day*  tn  cive  jn-^t  thfV>pst  po^sihle  cooda  forth' 
the  l''i»>t  iHjtsiblt;  nioii'j-  A  Poultry  Book  U  wanted  for  25  centR. 
which  will  l>e  complete  in  itself.     To  8up|ily  this  want  wo  submit  this  littlu 

book.opoui^jPY  FOR  PLEASURE  AND  POULTRY  FOR  PROFIT." 

It  Is  intcnd'd  to  give  the  reader  a  giMvl  unUTsianding  of  the  diderent 
varieties  of  fowl? :  show  up  the  good  qualities  of  each,  and  let  blm  see 
wMch  are  hest  adapt^'d  to  special  want's. 

It  ia  intended  lo  show  how  best  to  house  them  and  care  for  them, 
that  a  person  may  derive  profit  from  them  and  enjoy  tlioni :  also  to  arm 
the    pouUrvman    uRainsl   dis«ases   which    threaten    his  fowls. 

All  of  the  important  features  of  the  business  that  ari'  nttraetinjt  special 
Kitenlion  at  the  present  time.  Ineubotom  and  Caponn  are  diacussiil 
wiih  intended  fairness  to  all. 

inPAnTiv.-Snhjeet    "KEEPING  POULTRY  ON  A  LARGE  SCALE.*; 

Is  the  only  solution  of  the  qur-siian  '■  llow  fan  It  be  <I«no  an<l  pny  I*' 

There  are  Rood  llhistrntinns  of -hihc  of  the  [irincijitil  ^aneli^■'^  of  fi.wl<.  also 

of  the  best  Poultry  lloiineo  for  the  fanclt-r  or  .vtrnvive  poultrv  keepir. 

Sent  on  receipt  of  £5  ccntw*  or  5  bookii  for  #1.00.     Postal  ^ote^ 


preferred 


FRANKLIN  NEWS  COMPANY, 

I'llll,\t>FI.IMII  V.    PKXNA. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'7 


^OUh^^Y, 


BLACK-BREASTED   RED  GAMES. 


The  beautiful  plumage  and  sprifxhtly  carriage, 
as  well  as  the  fiiK'  \:i\)\v  <|ualitiHs  ol  the  Uames, 
make  them  general  la\<.iritis.  Tin-  lihu-k-breasted 
Reds  are  one  of  the  most  p<>i)Ular  strainM.  and  we 
give  on  page  11  a  cut  of  a  tri  oof  this  mucn-prized 
breed.  They  are  very  hardy,  and  will  do  well 
where  many  other  breeds  fail.  For  the  table  or 
for  the  use  of  invalids,  they  are  much  valued,  as 
they  resemble,  in  taste  and  flavor,  the  natural 
wild  game,  and  are,  for  those  purposes  alone,  the 
best  breed.  Fanciers  who  grow  them  for  the  pit 
(a  sport — if  it  be  one — for  which  we  have  no 
taste),  usually  feed  them  exclusively  on  wheat, 
or  nearly  so,  to  make  the  fowl  strong  in  muscle 
and  less  fat,  and  capable  of  more  endurance. 

When  a  few  weeks  old  the  cockerels  are  dubbed, 
T.  e.,  the  comb  is  cut  close  to  the  skull  with  a  pair 
■of  sliarp  scissors,  which  makes  the  head  look  pe- 
culiar to  those  who  have  never  seen  Games  be- 
fore. In  severely  cold  climates  it  is  better  to  dub 
all  Games,  and  even  Leghorns,  as  the  pain  it 
causes  is  much  less  than  that  of  frozen  combs. 
Games  are  so  full  of  fighting  qualities  that  they 
cannot  be  bred  on  the  larm  to  any  advantage,  as 
the  cockerels,  unless  kept  by  themselves,  will 
fight  continually,  and  make  a  poor  place  for  any 
other  fowl.  They  are  so  fearless  we  have  known 
them  to  attack  a  horse  with  so  much  vigor  as  to 
drive  the  animal  from  the  stable.  They  will 
fiercely  fight  a  hawk,  and  come  off  victor.  We 
prefer  a  more  peaceable  fowl. 


April  and  the  Roup.— This  month  Is  an  ex- 
cellent one  for  hens,  but  it  usually  causes  roup 
owing  to  continued  dampness  on  the  ground,  as 
well  as  moisture  in  the  atmosphere,  nence  the 
hens  take  cold,  the  result  being  roup.  Roup 
often  occurs  when  least  expected,  as  the  poultry- 
man  is  deluded  with  the  aiipan-ntly  favorable 
weather.  On  cold,  rainy  days  keep  The  hens  con- 
fined, feed  them  warm  food  in  the  morning,  and 
add  a  teaspoonful  of  tincture  of  iron  to  every 
quart  of  drinking  water. 

The  Cholera.— Cholera  seldom  appears  where 

the  the  houses  are  kept  clean,  the  droppings  re- 
moved daily,  and  the  yartls  spinU'd  frecjuently. 
The  best  known  remedy  is  liyi'osul|tliite  oi  soda, 
given  in  teaspoon  doses,  slightly  moistened  with 
water.  As  soon  as  the  medicine  has  purged  the 
fowl,  give  a  mixture  of  half  a  teaspoonful  of  par- 
egoric, to  whicii  is  added  two  drops  tincture  of 
cayenne  pepper,  and  five  drops  tincture  of  cam- 
phor. 


OUR    ANNUAL    PRK;UIU>I     LIST     (January 
number)  cnntainH  these  oll'ei's: 

One  Pound  uf  Gulden   Beauty  Corn  and  Farm 
AND  Garuex  one  yeai' JO. 70 

One  Two-year  Genuine  Niagara  Grape  and  Farm 
AND  Garden  one  yeai- 2.10 

One  One-year  Meech'sProliflc  Quince  and  Farm 
AND(iAKDEN  one  vear, 1.50 

One  Fine  Plant  Night-blooming  'Cereus  for  a  club  of 
four  subHcrihers  at  iS  cents  each. 

One  Pnund  Parson's  Prolific  Potatoes  and  Farm  and 
Gariikx  one  year  for  76  cents,  or  free  for  eiylit  aub- 
BCi'ibera  at  25  cents  each. 

Atlas  of  ■'  Low-Coal  Houses  and  How  to  Build  Them  " 
for  a  club  of  four  subscribers  at  25  cents  each. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 


The  following  Catalogues  have  been  received.  Thev 
will  be  sent  free  to  readers  of  The  Farm  and  Garden 
who  mention  this  paper. 

V.  H.  Hallock,  Son  &  Thorpe,  Queens,  N.  Y.,  Nursery 
Block. 

A.  C.  Kendall,  115  Ontario  Street,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 

J.  B.  Root,  A  Co.,  607  Seventh  Avenue.  Rockford,  Illi- 
nois, Nursery  Stock. 

S.  Adams  <fe  Son,  Cor.  George  Street  and  Erie  Canal, 
Rome.  N.  Y.,  Kra  Plow. 

Johnson  &  Stukes,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Seeds 

B.  F.  Avery,  Louisville,  Ky..  Plows  and  Cultivating 
Implements. 

Edward  Gillett.  Snutlnvick,  Mass..  Florist. 

J.  Jenkins,  Wiiiniia.  (Hi  in.  <  J  rape  Seedling  Nursery. 

A.  G.  Hull.  Si.  rathfi  ine.  Out.,  Small  Fruits. 

Cassell  &  Co,,  7:19  and  741  Broadway,  N.  Y..  Publishers. 

EvarL  H.  Scott,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  Small  Fruits. 

S.  E.  Rogei's  &  Son,  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  Nursery 
Stock. 

John  Lewis  Childs,  Queens,  N.  Y..  Florist. 

Cole  A  Bros..  I'.'lhi.  luwji,  Seeds. 

A.  E.  SpauMiiiL;,  Ainswdrlh,  Iowa,  Nursery  Stocks. 

Henry  A.  Dieer,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Seeds. 

Wm.  Rennie,  Toronto  Ontario.  Seeds. 

A.  M.  Purdy,  Palmyra,  N.  Y., Small  Fruits, 

Robert  J.  Halliday,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Seeds. 

Charles  A.  Grt-en.  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Small  Fruits. 

James  J.  H.  Gregory,  Marblehead,  Mass.,  Seeds. 

H,  .S.  Anderson.  Union  Springs,  N.  Y..  Small  Fruits. 

W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Seeds. 

A.  H.  Pomeroy.216  and  220  Asylum  Street,  Hartford, 
Conn.,  Scroll  Saws. 

Hale  Bros.,  South  Glastonbury;  Conn..  Small  Fruits. 

Frank  Ford  &  Son,  Sunnyaide,  Ravenna,  Ohio,  Small 
Fruits 

I.  C.  Vaughn,  42  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago.  III.,  Seeds. 

Georges.  Wales,  Rochester.  N.  Y..  Plants. 

F.  R.  Pierson,  Tarrviown,  N.  Y.,  Florist  and  Seedsman. 

J.  A.  Everitt  &  Co..  Watsontown,  Pa.,  Seeds. 

Edwin  Van  Allen.  Bethlehem  Centre,  (near  Albanvt 
New  York,  Small  Fruits.  -ftx-'anj  ,. 

Bush.  Son  &  Meissner,  Bushberg  Mo  American 
Grape  Vines. 

Joe!  Horner  &  Son.  Merchantvllle.  N.  .T.,  Small  Fruit. 

E.  Nasnn&Co.,  120  Fiiltoii  St..  N.  Y..Noveltv  Dealers. 

L.  W.  Gardner.  Washingfon.  N.  J..  Peach  Grower. 

S.  L.  Allen  &.  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Garden  Imple- 
ments. 

W.  H.  Smith,  1018  Market  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Seeds. 

D.  R.  Wood  *  Co.,  New  Brighton.  Pa..  Florists. 

George  S.  Josselyn   Fredonia.  N.  Y..  Small  Fruits. 

W.  E.  Bowditch,  645  Warren  Street,  Boston,  Mass., 
Florist. 

Thomas  J.  Ward,  Mount  Mary's,  Ind..  Small  Fruits. 

Charles  Folsom  106  Chambers  Street,  N.  Y.,  Fire- 
arms, &c. 


J.  A.  Ross  &  Co.,  16  and  17  Dock  Square,  Boston,  Mass., 
Firearms. 

Marlin  Firearms  Co,.  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Paul  Butz  <fc  Son,  New  Ca.stle.  Pa.,  Plants. 

F.  N.  Lang,  Baraboo,  Wis.,  Seeds. 

Samuel  C.  Moon,  Mornsviile,  Pa..  Trees  and  Small 
Fruits. 

John  Curwen.  Villa  Nova,  Pa.,  Florist. 

W.  E.  Weld,  Ingleside.  N.  Y.,  Seed.s. 


Robert  Scott  &  Son,  19th  and  Catharine  Streets,  PhUa< 
delphia,  Pa.,  Florists. 
Jacob  W.  ManniiiK,  Reading,  MasK..  Nurseryman. 
Hovey  &  Co..  Boslon.  Muss.  (  Hi  S.  Market  St.),  Seeds., 
Wm.  B.  Reed,  rhaiiih.Mshiiri;.  Pa..  Uns.-s. 
Chas,  A.  Reeser.  Sprin^liild    (jtim,  Florist. 
E.  Y.  Teas    Dunreilh,  liuliana,  SiiiuU  Fruits. 
I.  &  J.  L.  Leonard,  lona,  N.  J.,  Small  Fruits. 
Lewis  Roesch,  Fredonia,  N.  J.,  Small  Fruits. 


60 


New  Style,  Fmbossed  IIMdeo  Name  and  Chromo  Visiting 
Cards  no  2  al ike,  name  on .  1  Oc,  1 3  packs # I .  Warranted  best 
gold.  S&mple  Bock,  4c.  L.  JONES  &  CO.,  Nftssan,  N.  V. 


RIR   PilV  For   IntroduHns   BUCKEYE    CHURN. 
Dib  rHT  Address,  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO..  Dundee.  Mich. 


100 


Fine  Printed  KnveluiM-s  w  iiitf  or  assorted  col- 
ors, with  name,  hnsint^ss.  and  aiidress  on  all 
for  40  cts.,  50  (or  iicls.  Carps  and  LeitHrheads 
at  same  price.  C.  K  C'  lJKPUV,.SV/)ocit.sr,  JV'.  J'. 


^A/)  per  month  and  expenses  paid.  Good  salesmen 
V*"  wanted  to  sell  IVuri^ery  .Stock.  Address  with 
references,  D.  H.  PATT  V,  Nm'Her>  mnn,  Geneva,  H.Y. 


YOU 


Voucannowpraspa  Fortunp.  A  New 
Pictorial  Guide  to  Rapid  Wealth  senf 
Free  to  any  person,-  Write  at  on oe,  to 
l^yuu  &  Cu.,  769  Broadway,  New  York, 


F 


LORIDA  POULTRY  VARDC 

RICHARDSON  &  CROWELL,     W 


KreeilHrsofThoroiielibrt'dWyniidottps.  Plymouth 
Koek»4,  Bro^vii  iui'i  \\  liite  Iii-elioriiM :  alsul'ure- 
bred  Woes.       DE  liANI),  VOiasiA  CO.,  FLA. 


50 

50 


C  A  t)  TiO  ^I'P^^"'^'*' ^'^^  de-siErna, UtUe  beauties,  Gold 
vAXIJJO  Chromo,  Ver&ca,  MotUies  and  Hiddt^n  Name, 
with  &a  elegantprize,  10c.    Ivory  Card  Co.,  Clintonville,  Ct. 

IiniDEN  NAME.  Einbosi^eiland  FlornlSou- 
venir  Cards  with  name,  and  new  samples,  lOr. 
Elegant  Present  free.  Tuttle  Bros.,  North  Haven.  Cl. 


X'/l/iQ     American  Dominione  Headquarters.   F<iwls 
X*\JU'0.  and  E-t^s    H.  B.  RICHARDS.  Easton.  Penna. 


200 


NewScTHjj  Pictures  and  Aui-nt's  Allmni  of  .Sam  pies 
mailed  for  IDc.  U.S.  <'ARD  CO.,  Centerbrook.  Conn. 


40 


nidden  Kame*  Embossed  and  New  Chroaio 
CardH,  name  in  new  typ«,  an  Elegant  48  pace 
out  bound  Floral  Autoj^raph  Album  with 
quotations,  12page  Illustrated  Premium  and 
Price  LiBtand  Agent's  Canvassing  Outfit,  aU 
tor  16  otB.    SNOW  &  CO..  Merlden.  Conn- 


L GENTS  WANTED  f».r  two  new  fust  sellint,'  arti- 
rles   Samples  free.    (',  E.  Itlnr!«liall.  Lockport.  H.  Y. 

New  Scrap  Piot  ores  and  Tf-nm-son's  Pnenis  nniiled 
for  10c.  CAPITOL    CARD   CO..    Hartford,  Conn. 


156 


THE  WOHDERFUL  CAMERA  LUCIDA.     Equal  to  an  eve  in 
'  the  tiark  o(  your  head.    With  it  you  can  see  persons 
behind  you  wiili<iiit  being  seen  by  them.    Price.  1*2  cts.  i 
STAA  MAHUrACTURIHG  COMPAHY.  Hanayunk,  Penna.      < 


3Frenrh  Dolls  with  elegant  wardrobe,  32  pieces.*  agts' 
sample  book  of  cards,  10c.  Eagle  <JardCo,Northlord,Ct 


•>o.r 

rbis  IS  the  beet 


e  A  BeautlAil  Motto  and 
OU  Verse  4_  AK1».*S    tvui., 

'name,  lUc.,  6  packs  and  IlJng  No.| 

1,  or  6  packs  and  King  No.  'J,  feOc. 

12  packs  for    Jl.OO   and    Both 

KInffS  Free  to  KCDdt-r  of  vUi 

'  ifTtr  ever   made  by  nny  r^lial, 


^sSSBfr^. 


No.  a., 


nmipjmy.       BOYAIj  CARS  CO.,   Korthford,  Conn 


RT'WTI  4  cents  for  our  Sampip  Book  of  Cards,  latest 
asitau  styles.  AUSTIN  CARDfO..  New  Haven,  Ct. 


50^ 


Hidden  Name,  Embossed  ife  Chronm  Cards*  a  Golden 
Gift.  Kic,  fi  lots  .lUc.     0.  A.  BRAIWARO.  Hjflganum.  Conn. 


Latent  CardHf  Beauties,  (□  fine  Case  name  on,  sod  A^'s 
Sitmplo  Book  for  7c.  (BUiiips).  Auto.  Album  and  60 
Emb.  Pictures^  ScWiuttcld  Card  Co.,  New  lUveo,  Ct  . 

COIID  Imported  German  Chrumos  and  lf>0  Fine  t^crao 
rUUn  PiftUPenfor  lOo.     C.  C.  UE  FUY,  SVKACiaK,  N.  r. 


50 


|"A£m6rts»c(l,  Perfumed  and  niiiden  ATim^t'ARDS 
Fictur^s-ii,    AMEKUAN  (ARD(0,  NORTHFORD,  CONN. 


V  €  A  ISeantlfal  Satin  S*lnl«Tied 
I^V  Cur<i«uiid  one  1E4»LI,KI»  <iOLU 
'  UI\G  KKKElVir  ten  Iwo-Cftit  Htotnps. 

AcME  CA.K1>   FACTUKY,  Clintonville,  Coua 


100 


IjAKGK  Fancy  Ailvertisiiig  Cni-fl!^.  all  differ- 
ent, lor  30  cts.    CARD  WOIlKs.  Monliieller,  Vt. 


^uni^d  •*JJH!l.ll.>Ji|nFfrTirfnr.^|b..y 


60  LovelvChromoB  with  name  A  Atrt's  .-      , „ 

Sample  Boole  &  this  PencJIAOc.  £.  H.  PARDEE,  New  HaveD,  doaii. 


ir  Sample  Bonli  10c.  S  pks., 

"^'""    "  "         ID, Cool 


$39 


PER  WEKK  SELLING  my  Wnlrlies,  Nnlionss 
Jewelry,  etc.  4K-i)ase  Cataloeue  Iree.    Aildres, 
«.  M.  HAN."i«>N.  Ciile.ie«.  III. 


TOUR 


llAlUljoiKl  a  Solid  Kollcd  Gold  King 
FRKEf'i'-ten  two.cent  sumps.  Cut  this  out. 
CLINTON  BROS.,  OllntanvUIe,  Conn 


Tlie  greatest  invention  of  tlie  a«e.     Willi  these 
cards  y<m  can  perform  the   most   wonderful  iiitisions 
ever  displayed.    Sample  pack,  with  conipleledirections. 
16  cents.     Geo.  T.  Wilson.  Box  322.  Philada.  Pa. 
»S-  M  A  (J  I  C    T  R  I  c:  K    CARDS.  -£« 


TOO  ALBUM  VERSES. 

This  hook  com iiiTis  700  Clinicr  Gcmsof  Poetry  and 
Prose  suitahle  for  writ  iiiK  in  AiilOKraphAlhnms.  Sonie- 
thiiiK  everyhody  wants.  13S  Pages,  paper  covers 
15  cents;  cloth.  ,10  cents.  Sfamps  taken.  Address 
J.  S.  OGILVIE  &  CO..  31  Rose  St.,  New  York. 


This  newly-patenleil  Lealh-  Q  U  A  CT 
er  and  Melal  combined    Ori#*n    I 

T|  1^  is  a  reiicl  and  comfort  lo  our 
•  **  **  poorf  rViViid,  thr  ITojsr.  Will 
weara  liletinie.  No  repairs.  LiKht.  neat, 
au.l  ornann'irul.  All  like  liiem.  Thousand.?  in 
use.  Thf  trartp  and  aypiits  supplied,  for  circu- 
lars and  usiimo-  j  Uuruble  Shaft  Tub  Co., 
nials,    address   J     LEWISTON,  MAI>'E. 


JERUSALEM 

Artichoke  roots 


THE  BEST  HOG  FOOD  KNOWN. 

A  preventive  of  cholera.  Ylrlilinf;  over  1000 
linsliels  to  acre.  Adapted  to  ail  soils.  nisilN'  nilti- 
vated.  Three  husliels  will  seed  :iii  acre.  PlMt'iCS: 
Ijy  mail  postpaid,  lb.  40r.,  .I  Ills.  $1.00:  IreiKht 
or  exioess.  bushel  !*;{. 00.  barrel  tlhree  bushe;s) 
$7.r»0.    Cntalugues  FREE. 

JOHNSON  &  STOKES,  SEEDSM, 

219  MARKET  ST.,  PHILA.,  PA. 


Send  2  cent  stamp  for  cataloeue  of  ,86 

Address,  Rennie,  Alison  &  Co., 

Piiiladelpbta.    Penna. 


GUNS 


i  «?.  ?"f  *""«»'•*  chpomo  cards,  Sample  ble 
|awi.iub.pictur<-8&tlMSc.,ldriiiy,Warricdt 

■  yrs  all  We.  II  pki,rards  Sample  b  k.auto.al- 

■  bum  iiuji;  $1. 0.  A,Bramftrd,lligganuiii,Ct 


DO  YOUR  OWN  STAWPimj 

with  our  Artistic  Paiterns  lor  em ^ 
broidery:  ea,silv  tnuisrerred  ant^i 
can  he  used  fiJtv  times  over.   OutHt 

I  post-piud   ni    '*:i   EleKiitit   patterns,  with  material   etc. 

\  60  cts.    PATTEN  PUb!    CO.,  38  W.  1-lth  St.7N   y! 

Send^stnmp  for  Invenlor^s  Guiile«. 
"^nlfiK  Imwyer» 
Washington,  0.  C. 


LADIES 

post-paid    of   -i-.t    El 
60  cts.    PATTEN 

n  iTPklTO  Send  stamp  for  In ve 

PATENTS  L.BiNGHAiw.'^a 

A  Partner  Wanted  ^^^:..^'^:^:'l^^^,lZ^n^.  '^H^t 

ness  lout;  esinh  tu  u  Mplcnn  Prop.  Georqia  liliiruit, 
liKlied.  Address    "•    ■»•    nciaUII,  AU(;i  STA,  tJAl 

All  tesied  and  true  to  name.  Seeds  In  p;i.k*'i  sent  free 
bv  mnil  ai  catalogue  pricns.  Clovrr,  Timntliy.  Or- 
rlinrd.  Ilrril*  aod  I,,nn'n  (;rnN*4  ai  pii.es  to  suit 
the  limes  Send  r  Q  RnRrRQ  SEEDSMAN,  14  IMar^ 
lurrutaionue.    **•  D.  "W"t.nd,|(ei  St.,  phifan'a.  Pa.. 

CARNATION  PINKS 

HOOled  Cuttings  "l  tins  cielmlulnl  plant.  111.  civ  packed  in 
moss  and  sent  toaii\'  add  less  h\  iiiaiUjiosIpaid,  on  receipt 
of  60c.  per  doz. ;  SI  '"t  iwo  ii,,z.  ;  Isll.SO  for  three  doz., 
etc.  Send  for  our  relail  drs.-ripiive  price-list  anil  choose 
j-our  varieties.  Parlies  ilesiniie  h\  the  IW  or  IIHIO  should 
send  for  our  trade  list,  in  liotli  of  which  are  short  direc- 
tions for  plant- TUOQ  r  ec«|  liNIONVILI.E. 
ing,  etc.         I  nUO.   T  .  dCHL,  Chester  Co..  Pa' 


FREE!  TO  ANY  liADY 


reaijtTof  this  paper  who  will  nftree  to  show  our  whole- 
s.^Ie  Calalii^'ue  (.t  Ntw  Rubber  Goods  to  tbtir  friends 
and  try  and  Influt'Qce  sale:!  f'>r  us,  we  wilt  »eu(l  tVve  and  prepaid 
a  full  size  Lady  V  Goa«amcr  Kubber  Waterproof  Gar* 
mcnt  for  the  protection  of  the  dre^ss  iq  stormy  weather;  any  bIm, 
(not  rubber  sleeves  many  are  Bclvertisine  as  "Gossamer  Garmeula") 
and  our  I, irpe  colored  wvercatalocu"^.  eiving  wholewle  and  retflil  pri- 
ces. Illiistrationa,  Ac,  If  you  will  send  i'4c.  to  cover  cost  of  mailing, 
ods  and  this  advt,    ACME  M'F'G  CO.,  IVORYTON,  CONN. 


THE   HANDIEST   LITTLE    BOOK 
EVER  PUBLISHED. 

We  hitve  sold'  the  readers  oT 
111  is  paper  many  ))ook:4  to 
iht'ir  .'^atisrai'tioii  and  nura. 
None  have  beL-n  more  pleas- 
ing to  the  public  than  this  we 
now  offer,  It  is  called  the 
*'l'i*aice8  of  Bcftt  8ocl- 
ety^'  A  oompletc  niunu> 
al  of  society  etiquette. 
Il  will  teach  you  at  once 
what  it  would  otherwise  re- 
quire years  of  experience,  and 
manj'  awkward  mislakes,  to 
ln.>;til  and  enable  you  to  soon 
ai-quire  the  ease  and  pleasing 
niiinuer  of  old  members  of 
eoiiety.  Our  price  for  this 
hook  by  mail,  post-paid,  is 
only  60  cents.  It  is  well 
bound  III  cloth  and  ipold. 

»00  pHfe-CS. 

EVERY  YOUNG  MAN  AND  WOMAN  SHOULD  HAVE  IT. 

riJcr  wv/,  and  ii-k  fur  a  list  of  our  books.     Address,  iviih  50  ots. 

stanip.H   or  po.sial-iiote. 

FRANKLIN  NEWS    COMPANY, 

P1I1LA1>KLI'IUA,  PENAA. 


iUinnU   n  niAf CD   HD    CllCkliyf^    PIHDV    <Tpomea,  orLalnnvrheonurandiflora).    IUdb- 
inUUn    rLUffCn    Un    CffCninU    ULUni     trat^d  on  pa^rp^nr  this  number.    To  test  the 

pnpntaritv  and  \aliie  of  this  ninch-prniNed 
neiv  plant,  wp  have  derided  to  offrr  it  to  our  readers  In  a  way  which  will  enahip  tliiMii  to  eot  it  for  iiotliilip* 
The  plant  is  a  rnpicl  rlimber.  havintr  iinnienme,  pure  white,  sweet-speiited  flou'pri^.  5  inrlieH  in 
ilinnipter.  They  are  borne  profusely,  and  as  they  open  townrd  nielit.  are  very  Ktrikini;.  We  have 
no  other  rliniher  that  rnn  «trnnd  the  hent  nnd  drought  as  this  does,  and  no  plant  will  rivnl  it  in  rnpidity 
of  erowth.  density  of  ftilinere^  or  nnioiint  oi^  flowers.  It  is  not  hardv,  but  ran  he  winiere'l  if  kpi>t  at  an 
average  of  60<^.     We  ran  fnrnisli  (hesi-  plants  fi  for  $1.00.  or  i*!  cents  earh.  free  by  nmil.  or  will  pive  .3  plants  for 


a  club  of  (j  siibsrribers, 
at  2.^.  each.     Address, 


rHIl  n   RRHQ     ft   rn      Publishers    of   THE    FARM    AND    <;AKDKN 
UniLU   DnUd.  a  UU.,  pjo.  7*^5    Filbert   Street.  Philndelohin    P 


Pa. 


i8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE  ©OULTI^Y  yAI^D. 


{Continued  from  Pagf  IL) 

Fekpint:.— Soft  food  in  the  morning  Is  suffi- 
cient ;  Muike  tlie  liens  scnitcli  during  tlie  day  for 
Hie  liahiMce.  At  night,  give  them  all  they  can 
eat ;  liul  do  not  feed  too  much  corn  now. 

Rmsino  YorxGS  Chicks.— Chicks  of  the  Dork- 
ings, Polish,  Hamburgs,  and  some  of  the  French 
breeds  are  tender  when  young.  The  hardiest 
young    chicks    are    the    Plymouth    Bocks    aud 

Asiatics. 

Goslings.— They  may  he  treated  In  the  same 
manner  as  we  have  recommended  for  ducks ;  hut 
It  is  hest  to  give  them  as  much  liberty  as  possible. 
All  aquatic  fowls  are  fond  of  grass  and  are 
excellent  foragers. 

Hatctbing  Ducki.ixos.— Either  ducks  or  hens 
may  lie  used,  but  keep  them  away  from  ponds  or 
streams  until  feathers  take  the  place  of  down. 
A  young  duck  grows  much  fsuster  than  a  young 
chick,  and  therefore  should  be  fed  liberally,  on  a 
variet.v,  as  they  are  voracious,  and  will  eat  any- 
thing placed  before  them. 

The  I.ANOsnASS.- We  advise  our  readers  to 
give  this  excellent  breed  a  trial.  They  are  some- 
what intermediate  between  the  sitters  and  non- 
sitters,  are  splendid  layers,  good  table  fowls, 
while  the  chicks  grow  rapidfy  and  present  a  fine 
m.arket  appearance.  The  <inly  objection  to  them 
is  that  they  have  dark  legs,  but  their  good  (|uali- 
tics  otherwise,  more  than  balance  this  defect, 
which,  ir.  reality,  is  an  insignilicant  one. 

CHA?T<JiXGCorKKKKi.s.— In  procuring  new  cock- 
erels, do  not  use  thos(r  that  were  hatched  late.  A 
corkerel  should  be  fully  grown,  strong,  active, 
a-.d  well  developed.  If  ymi  are  using  hens,  mate 
'  jc.n  with  a  ctickerel,  but  if  you  have  only  pul- 
,e  .<,  use  a  cock  ;  which  should  not  be  less  than 
<•  JThteen  months  old,  nor  over  two  years  of  age. 
/V  following  these  rules,  the  chicks  will  be 
stronger,  while  the  eggs  will  hatch  u  larger  per- 
centage. 

YotTNO  TnnKEYS.— It  Is  too  soon  for  young 
turkeys.  Walt  until  the  snows  are  gone  and  the 
ground  is  dry.  Young  turkeys  will  not  thrive  In 
conllncment,  and  thev  easily  succumb  to  dam])- 
ness.  It  Is  best,  tbiTcfore,  m.t  to  attempt  to 
hatch  them  too  early,  as  there  will  bo  greater 
loss.  Young  turkeys  do  hest  when  the  grass  Is 
plentiful  and  Insects  numerous.  They  will  then 
grow  fast  and  give  but  little  trouble  after  they 
have  passed  the  first  stage  of  their  growth. 

Kaklv  Onions  Fok  roti.TRV.— .\  little  space 
.sowed  to  onions,  for  chicks,  will  be  f<ain(l  an 
advantase.  Onions  can  go  in  very  early,  and 
both  the  tops  and  the  bulbs  are  excellent  for  mix- 
ing with 'thc>  food  of  chicks  and  .young  turkeys. 
4iarlic  and  leek  are  al.so  good,  and  such  crops 
mav  be  grown  on  asmall  space,  without  demand- 
ing excessive  labor  for  their  cultivation,  though, 
if  grown  for  crops,  the  work  must  be  done  more 
thoroughly. 

Kari.y  frRF.K.v  FooD. — Xext  month,  In  some 
sections,  the  ground  will  he  warm  enough  for 
sowing  the  seeds  of  several  crops.  Orass  docs  not 
grow  every  where,  and  when  iionltr}'  is  contlned 
It  will  be  wise  to  sow  a  patcli  of  quick-growing 
vegetables  for  food.  Kale,  mustard,  raillsh. 
and  even  oats  will  be  found  useful.  Such  crops 
are  not  required  to  mature,  but  may  be  fed  as 
soon  as  high  enough  to  be  gathered.  It  will  pay 
to  grow  them,  as  the  hens  may  he  induced  to  lay 
by  having  a  change  of  food.  ^ 

K.\RI.Y  Pfi.i.KTS.— If  y<)U  want  your  bens  to  lay 
next  winter,  liatch  thein  now.  The  winter-laying 
hens,  as  a  rule,  are  those  tlial  have  matured, 
beginning  t<t  lay  in  the  fall,  and  continuing  to  do 
sothntugh  the  winter.  It  is  a  great  advantage, 
therefore,  to  hatch  them  early,  and  the  tirst 
tiling  to  do  is  to  hateii  out  as  many  pullets  as 
may  be  needed  for  next  year,  during  this  month, 
selling  the  cockerels  as  soon  as  tliey  are  large 
en<»ugh.  After  s<)  doing,  send  to  market  all  the 
chicks  hatched  after  securing  the  early  pullets. 


pRESH  EGGS  :i'„'i^i,",T„?cr!ii 

■  forl3«  or  S3  for  26,  caref  ally  packed  at  express. 
Extra  fine  stock.  Oare  and  expense  nnt  spared  to  get 
beat  BtraiDS.  F.C.BlDUL.£,Chadd*s  Ford,  Pa 


TNCDBATORS 

A  tlipm.       Send    fnr   dreTiptive    ( 


BAXES»  Improved 

are  the  best.  6  sizes, SIS 
to  SIOO.  100  to  1000 
ejTirs   Warranted.   All 

nREKl>KR8of  PutlLTRTUB© 

tlipm.       Send    fnr   dpoTiptive    circulars    and    tpsii menials. 

JOSEPH  I.  BATES  A  CO.,  WEYMOLTli.MASS. 

~^«^  TT^-ig-<-3TT  A  -|Vr<^-I7i7 

I  will  exrh;ui:;e  a  pen  of  Vi  PFKE-BRKD  PLY- 
MOITH  KlX'iv  HENS  and  No.  1  COCKEKKI,. 
,ia„„f  ,/.,„■  ol.(.  li.ra  pt-n  ,.t  S  WYAMMITTK  IIKNS 
or  PII.I.KTS  "li'l  COCK  Kit  1:1.,  ui  COCK.  .V"<f 
be  pure-bred.    JOHJJ  p.  C'OZINE,  SHELBYVILLC.  KY. 


TURK rVQ  Bronie.  Wild,  and  Craitbred.  Light  Brahmai, 
I  UniVLI  O  Pekln  Ducks,  and  P.  Rocks'  tggs  /v.. in   h  si 


W.  K.  LAUGKLIN,   Fl.  Dodge.  Iowa. 


JXTST    OXJT 

THE  JUMBO  BABY  INCUBATOR 

Without  B.itterles,  .Springs,  Weights.  1.1  clorkwork 
is  the  most  simple  yet  on  the  marliet.  Holds  IJ  ilozen 
eKgs.      PRIcb  .  $30.00.    DOUBLE,   $43.00. 

lust  to  use  electricay,  and  lirst  to  abandon  it.  Gold 
Medal  at  Toronto,  also  lit  Loaisville.  Tlielatterexhibil 
our  4:id.  and  sold  as  high  as  Tim  chicks  in  one  day.  Send 
stamps  tor  circular  and  instruclious  bow  to  work. 

AZrORD  61.  BRO.,  Chicago. 


QUEENS  POULTRY  YARDS.     __„  . 

"..'•__  'l<i''.'l;.*l-Op  for  l:j;  S1..50  lor  two  settings. 


ENTERPRISE  POULTRY  YARDS 
Plymouth  Rocks  n  Specially'. 

.Vfewcl .-loi.lslor  sjilr  clieap.    Kkc^ 

from  ht;rii-,'lji';s  stock  sc-nrely  packed   10 
C!irr\'  satelv,  Jil.ti'i  per  l;S;  *i  or  more  sil- 
tinjjs  ordered  at  I  S.  K.  WORR  ELL, 
once,  81  each.  |    Ft.  Wnsbinstoii.  l»n. 


Eggs.  White  Leg- 

Add.  F.  F.  Mitciilax  Q5^^is;;'i;ii;5r;f^: 


FXCELSrOR! 


POULTRY   AND  PET  STOCK  YAROS. 

Plvmoiifh  Rockfl,  LRntrshivna,  Black  Javan, 
Lt'ch-Tfis,  ami  H-nnlans.     Fue  Doc;3. 
11  Tfrrier^,   Rnhhlt^.   F-  rri'ls,   ami   (;uiiiea  V\2<.     St-ti.t  stamp  for 
I  llluHtrutL-d  plroulur   und   pHcf-Ilnt.       Po~iuh   dol   noiiceil. 

1  Address,    W.  S.  POTTER.  121  Wethertfferd  Ave.,  Hartford.  Ct. 


PRESTON'S   WYANDOTTES 

TWELVE  ORA>n  IIRKEDINO  PENS  FOR  ISS.'S.  Eggs  from  two  pens  of  finest  premium  stock 
lleadwlby  EARL  and  TRU.XTON.  at  Si.'S.OO  per  l;l;  $10.00  p-r  ;{9.  F.l;l's  lr.,iu  Wn  ..ther  pens  of  go,»l 
breeding  birds,  carefully  seieeti-d  and  mated  lor  tin- hcsi  pi,vsihli>  t  isnlrs.  jn  ^;,'|.00  p<r  l;t :  ^.5.00  pt-r  *2(i  p'-'es 
fn.m  .>ne  lin.-  pen,  eacti  uf  LAN6SHANS.  LICHT  BRAHMAS.  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS,  aud  R.  &  S.  C.  BROWN  LEGHORNS  at 
8-i.OO  per  13.  (JEO.  .4.  PUE-iTON.  HIN(:HA:»IT(>N.  N.  V. 


T.  WALTER  &  SONS,  ^p'^U 

Breeders  and   Shippers  of   TMl'ROVED    STOCK, 


WEST   CIIESTF.K, 

—PEKN8yi.VAJ.-IA.— 

ilppers  of  IMPROVED  STOCK, 
CATTLE.  SHEEP,  SWINE.  P<M  LTRY.  and 
J>OUS.    Send  stamp  for  Catalogue  and  Prices. 

the:  perfecx 

HATCHER  AND  BROODER 

Is  the  I^enfTitiK  nnti  Srninlnr*!  Appnrntim  of  the 
M'nrlil  for  Hair-liins  nnd  HiiNiiis  Poultry.    It  Is 

simple  and  piisv  I"  iimnuuo.     AIis..!mt-ly  RHlhihle,  Per- 
fectly  SHlt-rcL:til:ilinL,'.    nii't    nevf    laiW    lo   hiitcb. 

PERFECT    HATCHER    CO., 

Be  turc  and  mention  Ihls  paper.  ELMIRA«   N.  Y. 

INCUBATORS. 

THEU:>IOSTATIC.  PERFECT   HATCHER, 
SUCCESS.  CENTENNIAL.  ANOOTHEllS 

IN'   CONSTANT  OPK-KATION' 

BROODERSandPOULTRYSUPPLIES 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

*SWif/  Stamp  for  Circular  and  Pricc-IAst. 

ASIATIC   POULTRY  CURE, 

A  SURE  CURE  TOR  ALL  ERUPTIONS  ON  POULTRY. 

FELZ    &C    CO 
103  Norili  Second  Street,  Pbiladelphio,  Fa. 


300  CHICKENS  II 
ECLIPSE  INCUBATOR 


ATCHED 
AT  ONC 


E 


.Simplest,  Clipapest, 
and  Most  Reliable. 
Price  Lists  Free. 
E.  VAN  NOOKDEN  &  CO.,BOSTON,BIASS. 


GREATEST  OFFER  OF  NOVELTIES  IN  SEEDS 

76  CTS.rh"'.tsr 

from      whi  h     jou 


FARM   AND  GAKDRX.     Wi> 
ULOur,  UliS   CollLxlio 


0/  the  120,000  rrnd'-rs    of 

n '.-  iirrauB;p(l    al  greal  cost  anil  atitr  much 

of   New  Seeds  for    1S86,   a-,  urau-ly 

ribed  and  iruthfully 

Uluairated  h-r-^.     If  you 

live    In    a    ctty 

do  not  fall  to 

ri>R(l  thq  note 

tu   nult    vour 

eawe.  It  will 

par  you  to 


FAD    OFlfWTVaOIV   OTC    ^^  ^"^  "'^"'^  ^'^^  '^  packetAof  new  seedis  Ulustraied  above,  and  our  monthlv 
lUll    UbVLfl  I  I    OIA   U  I  Oi  Pnpfr.  "The  Farm  and  Warden."  lHebpfit|cnrden,flor"i  and  farm 

\.r  I  your.  lri.'C,  by  Tiiuir.  A' fw  ,tp'/>scri6er  toour  papi  ...  .... 

elvt-n  In  seed*  nlonc,    we   t^MiLualiv  malte   a   |  r- 
proof  that  we  will  docxoctly  whatweproml 


r  in  -XiUfrii'u, 
tht'  Aulue   1 


DL- 

11  c  t  us  more,  aiii  It. a-^thoucb  twice 

1  h.'    Ja.-t  iliat  our  Ql\ .  r:i-'rii.-iii    apptar^  iu  the 
ond  that  our  tieedit  arc  an  reprefient«di 


I  ,rn<  .V  i;  tr  Ion  l.H  po^uivi>  proof  that  we  will  do  exactly  what  we  prom  iMCt  ond  that  our  tieedit  arc  an  reprefient«d. 

WHY  PLANT  OLD  VARIETIES  WHEN  NEW  BLOOD  IS  SO  MUCH  bItTER 

Our  Perfection  Muokmelon  has  lu.-d  sotlik-k  there  1m  ni'iiri-*-l.v  room  tor  the  m-eilK,  delicloun  ilu^ur;  vtry yro- 
ductile— br»t  n-jfliy.  Cubun  Qtiocn  Wnttr  melon — uur  ?■-.■■  l  is  nl  tlm  stra-u  //■■■:n  i-  hirh  Ikf  1 1 1-}" 'in,, I  :,i>  /■  -i  n  -it  grotrn.  la- 
like  mo^i  lftra;c  m-  l-ni".  tlm  is  oi  upltmlld  tlu\  or,  wuh  cloeunt.,  Awcet,  cri^p  heart  iind  thin  rind.  >ew  i'urdliial  To- 
mato, flesh  m»At  brilliant  red;  ttiyfew  set  •if.  i<ohd  a,iduvnder/uUy  firm.  Mammi>th  '1  r  I  poll  Onion,  wcfshn  »  lbs. 
Surpasses  «U  vari'ii'i-i  in  dMicaie  Haror.  iiuhy  HItik  I*  cppert  largest  grown,  6  tiir/i.g  i/,uk.  KtiimpcH  Cubbaee*  iv-uctka 
earlier  thiin  anv  utli.-r.  Eorly  Genennee  Kwect  t  orn,  ejlra  early,  large,  cars.  Mammoth  Ifunloene  Pumpkin,  H'  «  of 
One  fluvnr  ^'^rv  lari;p.  ISew  ilolden  lleurt  Leiluee,  e.xira  Une;  uuoe  l...tier.  J'Ineapple  ^nuu»^h,  h-mi  uf  all  t<>r  lie-, 
'  [?earlet«UveKaill«hj.  t''^_po  bup.  rwr,  fj-rra  enrh,.     T)i.  se  El-EV  E  N    PACKETS  o' Seeds  »lll  be 

^Ur<len'*^^°'  ''J'  Twelvemonths  od  receipt  of  odIj 


deltv 


"Xhc  Fqptii  and  iiu 


'  t6ee< 


wemoHaffordtomrkeyputmofferonce.]^^ 

....  ^^ 


"not  to  In-ert  Ittwlce.     Nor  can  we  alter  the  packets  in  any  .._..  .      ^       ■  .-    - 

REMITTANCES:    s-.ne  publishers  rf..  r-ol  nrr.,.r  ^-^imps,  h.-nce»nnmber  nfth.trsuh^crlhera  have  asked 

ttsc  (/iu».v-nn(.  ■■/■  i/,,-m  iti    our  (-n^-inpa^    and  \ri!l  afctpt  thfm   in  pav  for  this  coll-'Ction  in  anv  dennniinatlon  whicli  ts  con 

nd  Po*t.«t!I.-e  Note,  Order,  ReBi*»«'<^d  t-^-tter,  Bunk  Praft,  or  Expreon  Order,  at  our  rl*k. 

_____ weknnw  ff-rrv  rc-idorof  the  Knrm^<;,.r.ien,  whelherhe  livtsin  a.ity  orthe  beauiitul 

onnnirv.  will  bpc  Ibis  advertiBement.     If  vou  livr  in  a  rltv  and  have  no  irarden.  it  will 
pay  to  sPFid  r„r~Th.~Ri^.1s  f.ir  -i.ni.'  frii-n-l  In  th-'  cnnntrv.     Onf  <-f  oq7  Mom  moth  _C'2ibjjn  Queen  AVatermelonM  nr  a  basket 
orn„rdeli.Mnu<<  Perfc'-tlon  MuHkmel 
In  (he  seasuD   will  ampl\    repav  yoo   fnr   your  ir-mble. 


DO  YOU  LIVE  IN  A  CITY? 

ORDER  AT  ONC 

CHILD  BROS.  «  CO..  PUBLISHERS 
HOW  TO  GET  IT  FREE 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'9 


^PI^IL  Showbi^s. 


Mistress  of  the  house  {to  recently  landed).— 
"  Why,  Bridget,  where  in  the  world  have  you 
been  in  all  this  rain?"  Bridget  (dripping  wet)— 
"  Sluire  an'  oive  been  hangin'  out  the  clothes  to 
dhry,  mum. 

"  What  do  you  think  of  my  mustache?  "  asked 
a  voung  man  of  his  girl.  "Oh  it  reminds  me  of 
a  Western  frontier  city,"  was  the  answer.  "In 
what  respect,  pray?"  Because  the  survey  is 
large  enough,  but  the  settlers  are  straggling." 

A  cynical  old  bachelor,  who  firmly  believes  that 
all  women  liave  something  to  say  on  all  subjects, 
recently  asked  a  female  friend:  "Well,  madam, 
what  do  vou  hold  on  this  question  of  female  suf- 
frage? '  To  him  the  lady  responded,  calmly: 
"Sir,  I  hold  my  tongue." 

A  little  girl  of  seven  exhibited  much  disquiet 
at  hearing  of  a  new  exploring  expedition.  When 
asked  why  she  should  care  about  it,  she  said  : 
"If  they  discover  any  more  countries,  they  will 
add  to  the  geography  I  have  to  study.  There  are 
countries  enough  in  it  now." 

"  Yes  I  have  left  my  last  place,"  said  Mary. 
'An'  what  did  you  leave  for?"  "The  mistress 
was  too  hard-hearted.  IShe  had  no  more  sensi- 
lyilitles  than  an  ox."  "  An' did  she  abuse  you, 
dearie?''  "Indade  she  did  that."  "An'  what 
did  she  do?"  "She  put  an  allarum  clock  right 
in  my  room,  an'  in  the  mornings  it  made  such  a 
noise  I  could  not  sleep  another  wink." 

A  farmer  who  had  engaged  the  services  of  a  son 
of  the  Knu-rald  Isle  sent  him  out  one  morning  to 
harrow  a  \tU-rr  of  ground.  He  had  not  worked 
long  before  nearly  all  the  teeth  came  out  of  the 
harrow.  Presently  the  farmer  came  out  into  the 
field  to  take  note  of  the  man's  progress,  and 
asked  him  how  he  liked  the  work.  "Oh," 
he  replied,  "It  goes  a  bit  emoother  since  the 
pegs  have  come  out." 

The  other  day  a  darkey  rushed  into  an 
Austin,  Texas,  express  office,  and  asked 
excitedly :  "  Is  dar  any  express  package 
here  for  Major  .Tones?  "  "Have  you  got  an 
order?"  "No  sar."  "  You  can't  gel  any- 
thing out  of  this  office  without  an  order.'' 

.  The  colored  gentleman  went  two  miles  and 
back  on  the  double  quick.  Once  more  he 
stood   before  the  desk,  panting  and  blow- 

■  ing,  and  fanning  himself  with  his  hat. 
"Hear  am  de  order,  sah.  Any  package 
here  for  Major  Jones?"    "Mo." 


BALL'S 


OORSEIS 


The  ONLlf  CORSET  made  that  can  be  returned  by 

its  pur.-hri-.T  aft.r  thrte  weeks  w.-rtr.  if  n-tt  found 
PERFECTLY   SATISFACTORY    „ 

In  every  icsptit,  :md  its  price  refunded  by  seller. 
Made  in  a  variety  i.f  styles  and  prices,  .SmM  l>y  first- 
cla'^'^dealer^^  cvcrvu  Iii-i  p.  B.--ware  of  ivm-thlevy  imi- 
tation'*     None  peniiin.' without  Ball's  name  uu  \><.-x. 

CHICAGO  CORSET  CO.,  Chicago,  111. 
FOY,  HARMON  &.  CO.,  New  Haven,  Conn- 


FANCY  POULTRY 

THOROUKD  SWINE 

PRIZE  SHEEP 


HIGH  CLASS  BLOODED  LIVE  STOCK 


At  Reasonable  Prices.    Oui 
('jiiiilneiif  .Mailed 


Nt  \v  Illustrated 
7RKK. 


JOHNSON  &  STOKES,  Philad  a.  Pa. 


This  style  Pbiladelpbia  SIN<JER, 

~~   ,with    full    Set  of  Attachments, 

sent  on  two  weeks'  trial.     Wo 

do  not  ask  you  to  pay  one  cent  un- 
til you  use  the  mat:hiiie  in  yourowu 
house  for  two  weeks.  Other  companies 
charge  $40  for  tbia  biyle.  WarraDted  for 
3  years.     Circular  and  testimonials  free. 

C.  A.  'WOOD  A  CO., 

17  Nortb  lOtb  St.,  Philada.,  Pa. 


A  (jORN  SHELLER, 

The  new  ••Eclipse"  Corn  Shtiler  is  the  sim- 
plest, easiest  working  flheller  on  the  market, 
and  the  only  one  that  is  in't  forever  out  of 
©rder.  To  introdu.e  it  into  every  town  at  once  we  will  send  one 
Sheller,  prepaid,  to  any  pe"<*i»  "'^o  '^ '"  ^f^'^^  *"  ^^""^  *'  ^  "'^'■' 
friends  and  send  OS  the  names  of  five  farmers'  sonsin  their  town  and 
"5  cents  for  the  eivfn-*^  of  this  s.lvertisement._  Address 
ACME  MAITFACTUBING  CO.,  IVOB-YTON.  CONW. 


BURPEE'S  EMPIRE  STATE  POTATO, 


yiiw  iiffTfii  f,.T  ifir  first  tini'-,  is  decidedly  the  best  &nd  nnost  pro- 
dactive  Main  Crop  Potato  ever  introduced.  It  is  strikingly  beautiful: 
skio  white  and  smooth:  eyes  shallow,  but  strong:  flesh  pure  snowy  white 
and  of  peculiarly  rich  and  delicate  flavor.  Of  vigorous  growth,  the  tubers 
cluster  compactly  in  the  hill.  It  is  enormously  productive,  having  yielded  at 
the  rate  of  nearly  600  bushels  per  acre,  and  thoroughly  tested 
along-side  of  the  most  popular  varieties.  Barpee's  Empire  State 
haa.  iQ  every  case,  outyielded  all  others.  Prices:  |>eck,  $l..^ll-,  bushel,  J^.ltll; 
barrel.  J10.I.H*.  By  mail.  7.'>  cts.  per  lb.;  3  lbs.  for  $21111.  post-paid.  For  full 
particulara,  illustrations  and  testimonials,  see  BITRPEE*S  FAB91 
ANNVAIi  FOR  I8H5-  which  will  be  sent  free  to  any  addresa. 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Wll  n  I  ICC  ON  THE  X>Xju^X]\riS 

K£".  INDIAN  WARFARE 

Agents  wanted  for  this  grand  book.  Heroic  struggles  of 
brave (iennral  Custer  and  liis  men  with  iiKidern  Indians. 
Maivrldiis  shoDtiiig  and  riding.  Sketches  luul  arlveii- 
tuifs  of  siii'h  wiiiid-ieiiowneil  scouts  uimI  ;iilidcs  us  Wild 
Bill,  liiitrLilu  Bill.  Ciililoniia  ,1.. p.  Will  c.  .inst-.t-k,  Bh.udy 
KiiilV,  iind  sr'(.r*-s  ul'nihcrs.  I4f[i.  ('rcn.k's  caiiipaigii 
agiiinsl  the  Ainn-lifs.  p'ull  acruiint  of  Custer's  last  fi'^hl 
on  the  Little  Big  Ilmii.  als..  of  the  Kidder,  Fort  Fetter- 
man,  and  Mountain  Mi'adnw  Ma'^sacres._  liiberal  terms 
to  live  agents, 
Address 


Baird  &  Mitchell,  '^*'B;.?«i,"„";e. 


HAVE  YOU   A 


GARDEN? 

IF  YOU   HAVE  YOU   WILL  NEED 

SEEDS 

And  will  want  the  Best  at  the  least 
money.  Then  my  new  Seed  Catalogue  will 
surprise  you.  No  matter  where  you  have 
been  dealing  //  7vil[  save  money.    It  is  mailed 

Free  to  all,  and  you  ousfht  to 

have  it  before  buying  anywhere. 

WM.  H.  MAULE, 

129  &  131   South  Front  St.,  Philadelphia. 


6  Charming  Books  FREE ! 

Upon  receipt  of  only  Twenty-flve  Centn  wc  will  send  onr 
large  illustrated  16-page.  64-colunin  Literary  and  Family  paper, 
The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth,  for  Three  SfonthA,  and  to 

every  subscriber  we  will  also  send.  Free  and  post-paid,  Six 
Charmlnie  Book*,  each  containing  a  complete  first-class  novel 
by  a  celebrated  uufhor,  published  in  neat  pamphlet  form  and 
printed  from  larEc  clear  type  on  good  paper.  Tht?  titles  are  as 
follows:  Dor-ii  r/tonic.  liy  the  author  of  ■•  Lord  I,>yune'8  Choice  "; 
Tht  Two  De^sliiiics.  bv  Wilkie  Collins  ;  Parson  Garland^s  Daugh- 
ter, by  Miss  Miilock;  The  Heir  to  Ashley,  by  Mrs.  Henry  Wood  ; 
gilaa'.Vamer.h':  Georee  Eliot,  and  O'usin  Henry,  by  Anthony 
Trollope.  The'firstoni  hundred  pfrs-Mtsref'i>nndinri  to  this  ad- 
xertiaement  will  each  r'-'.-ir,-,  in  addtli-n  t..  the  paper  and  books, 
an  elegant  fioUd  tiold  Chased  Band  Klnic<  '"  case,  free. 
Thia  great  offer  is  tuade  to  introduce  our  paper  into  m-w  homes. 
Five  subscriptions  ami  five  sets  of  the  books  will  be  sent  for 
Sl.OO.  Satis/acfion  guaranteed  or  money  refunded.  Address. 
6.  U.  MOORE  &  CO.,  27  Park  Place,  New  York. 


RrinrI  your.own  Bone, 

UIIIIU    Meal.   Oyster   ShelN. 


Oyste 
UGRAHAM    Flniir    and  Corn 
^lu  t  he  $5  H^A~TVX:>  SO^XjXj 

'iV.    Wilson'a   Patent).     lOO    per 
cent,  more  made  in  keeping  poiil- 

"".._r_  S*    and '-FARM 

I  MII^I^S.    Circulars  and  Testimonials  sent 
on  application.    WHI^SON  BROS.,  Eastoa.  Pa. 


Do  yonr 


try.  'Also   POWER    MILLS^ 
FEEB  r 


sprinting  PressSL 

Card  &  1  abel  Press  §3.  I.artrer  sizes  $5  tu  $75. 
For  old  or  young.  Everyttdng  easy,  printed 
directions.    Send  2  stamps  for  Catalogue  of 
Presses.  Trpe.  Cards,  &<'.  to  the  factory. 
Kelsey  «fc  Co.,  JHcrlden,  Conn.. 


PARNELL'sn  FURROWER 
MARKER 


1  than  any  othtr  Marker. 

Xeavea  theearth  -weUpulverized  at  bottom  of  furrow. 
Marks  any  width  from  2Vj  to  5  feet,  and  from  a  mere 
mark  to  6  inches  deep.  ». 

"Take  pleasure  In  recommending  it.  It  does  the  business;  If 
■well  made  and  willla^t  for  ye&r3."J.S. Collim.Jifooreatown.N./, 

"It  far  exceeds  my  expectations.  If  the  real  merits  of  this 
ehenp  Implement  were  known  to  potato  growers  alone,  the  sale* 
WOMlAbfimmeoae."  E.L.Coi,.I*rea.Wash.Co.('V.Y.)  A<jr.Sociei€g 

HUf    nnilPUTCU    Uanuract  r.  MoorestoWB. 
•  WlUUUUnitN    Burllofftoo  Co.,  A.  J. 


CLEMATIS  COCCnTEA. 

(Tbe  Coial  Clematis) 

Ws  wen  Itic  Em  lo  brltig  ibli  llillB'^nnie. 

fnre  1I10  pulilic.  U)d  *ra  Tcrj  proud  i>t  ihc  honor. 
We  tut  rrtrii'iag  cODgmluiiiiiirj  leiwrs  ijollc  often 
wbero  lUo  wiitera  •ro  foil  of  .Jmlrmilou  for  ihia 
vrj    lutcrpstiDg   nluiL       Tlio   H 

Imrc  Id  crrst  pr^fusloatrocu  euri 
TtrjeDJofBUiiimer..  Wo  aro  lu 
\itiaS  tiiii  It  1  TcrT'^TCftt  tci\' 
'      If  of  »' 


Inrs   Ihpj    I 


SWANLEY  WHITE  VIOLET 

The  Pureil-While  and  Sweetetl-Scented  ol  all. 
25    C'KNTS    E.VC'H.    FIVE    FOR    $1.00. 

Ten  Fine,  Named  Gladioli,  50  cts. 

The  Ouee&s  Collection  of  Flower  Seeds, 


30  PACKETS,  (distinct.)  $1.00. 


CLEMATIS  CBISFA. 

•Pir  Inioml,  oirolifocd  In  VUmalh  Blnc«  X'..a 
inin>duclloii  of  Jail-maiiii.  iiid  »i>U  later,  lira 
baDiLwlno  Vomniu,  Uu  grown  lo  immrnse  propor- 
EloEi.'  ,TliCT  ore  nox  lu  be  f(iao<l  In  ncailj  all  vtll- 
«cpt  g»tdin»  TliB  Ormnri  we  Don  offer  is  «  ninsl 
Dcaulilul  and  UuiiQct  ipcdca.  tiio  Bowcra  rrsFin. 
bllng  Id  i>liApo  souio  ol  tbe  vlef^Dt  bcll-ilKpfyl 
£,JiM,  Tbo  ([itniJ  of  rath  Bower  b  frern  li  i«  3 
iDchea  vn1«.  anil  from  U  to  H  Inctia  In  Icngllt. 
TUo  coloring  Is  ol  lljo  mosl  lieauUlill  Utondct-I'luo 
lint  on  tho  <urto.cD  and  mar^lDi  of'pcuts  Ttio 
tftuxen  ol  llio  prltb  en  ■•.  opsquDWlilUJ  Jflia 
Bowernaroof  a  tliii-L  lotlicrj  ititure,  pqrfdinrd 
with  a  dnllcluiu  pl<iuaiit  btrrgimol  Uaror.  TIjIk  i.< 
k  mmt  valuable  carleiT.  ll  la  of  rrmarlcBtilj'  tnf 
crowlli  n>ou«i,  tiolto  Lardy,  and  verj  mn  Bowpr 
iog.  coolliniinK  (rom  Jntie  uatU  frm.  ll  muat  bo 
oauB  u  popular  aatho  kinds  prcnoaklj  lacatiDOed. 

FriccU  ccota  each:  <lirt«Ji^i  11. 


CLEMATIS  JACEMANII. 


tliinbor.      U  lo  perttrtltj  Uardy.  Tdiulrinj  t  *Uw  ' 
poaiUoo  and  a  ncli  mll- 

AU  MOU  eiwlj.jluve  tor  IL 


NEW  "NORIYIANDIE"  PANSIES, 

Unsurpassed  In  siie  and  brilliancy.  Per  pkt.  15  cts. 

OF  OUR 

FINE         

S>x3i^ll   Fx~ULit6>: 

PRINCE  OF  BERRIES,  DANIEL 

BOONE,  LONGFELLOW, 

WARREN 

FOUR  FINEST  STRAWBERRIES. 

Superb,  nffarlboro,  and  Turner. 
BLACKBERRIES,  GRAPES,  Etc. 

BRAND  roMBI>ATIOV  SIX  STAR  ROSES. 

WM.  FKANCIS  BENNETT,  SUNSET,  MAEIE 

GDILLOT,  LA  PKANCE,  PEELE  DES 

JARDINS,  PIEEKE  GUILLOT, 

Entire  set,  superb  varieties,  by  mall,  free.  fiir$-,i.50. 

Send  for  otir  i-aiiilu^-uc  nf  Plantu,    Bulbs,    Seod„,  and 
Small  Fruits.    Thu  [imst  publi-h.  d.    FKKE. 


•Loo-Tue 3 Varieties  t-,-«i<oo  V.  H.  Hallock,  Soii  &  Tliorpe,**'^)^^''^' 


So 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEM. 


^    gOLLBGiPION. 

SrouglU  6i/  UncU  Sam's  mail  and  in  other  ways. 


Entered  at  PMladelphia  Post  Offlce  as  Saxmd  Class  Matter 

CHILD  BROS.  &  CO.,  PuMullcrs,  725  Filbc-n  St..  rhilndelphia,  Pa. 

A  SPLE.NDiD  Dairy  is  one  that  yields  its  owner  a  goijd 
Droftt  tlirouKh  llie  whole  season.  But  he  must  supply 
llip  cows  with  what  they  need  in  order  for  them  to  be 
khletokeepup  their  product.  When  their  butter  gels 
liEht  in  color  he  must  make  it  ••jrilt  edged  'by  us.iig 
WelKs,  Richardson  &  Co.s  Improved  Butter  Color.  It 
elves  the  golden  color  ol  Jime,  and  adds  five  cents  per 
pound  to  the  value  of  the  butter. 

TheSlrowhridge  Pocket  Memoranda  and  Calendar  for 
1885  has  Just  been  issued  from  the  business  omce  of  the 
Racine  Seeder  Co.,  by  C.  W.  Dorr,  its  business  manager. 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.  .  ,, 

It  is  one  of  the  neatest  and  most  attractive  as  well  as 
useful  little  hooks  of  the  character  we  liave  ever  seen. 
It  contains  ill  addition  to  the  .several  illustrations  of  the 
Strowbrldge  Sower  and  a  description  of  the  same,  an 
erasable  memorandum,  a  cash  account,  a  memorandum 
and  calendar  for  each  dav  of  the  year  for  1H.K.  Vnlted 
States  Land  Measure  and  Homestead  laws,  simple  in- 
terest rules.  Important  lacts  relating  to  note.*,  complete 
tables  of  weights  and  measures,  a  list  of  the  (governors 
salaries  and  terms  of  olHce,  with  each  Slate  Capital  in 
the  United  States,  salaries  of  Unileil  siaies  olbcers. 
table  showing  nnmberol  bricks  reqiiircil  lo  con^lriict  a 
building.  Important  facts  for  hinlders,  population  ol  the 
llnilecl  suiles  hv  Stales  and  Terrilinl.s,  and  numerous 
lesttniiiniiLls  of  the  Slruwhridge  Stjwer.  It  also  shows  a 
cut  of  the  large  fudory  .vh.ie  the  .sirowlindee  is  hullt. 
The  cover  is  beautifully  lithographed  in  a  neat  design 
and  is  very  attractive.  The  pocket  book  is  substantial 
and  well  made  and  will  last  a  farmer  a  year.  It  is  sent 
free  to  any  farmer  who  sends  his  address,  wttb  stamp, 
to  C  W.  Dorr,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

When  ()  Judd  failed  some  timeago  fornearlytwobun- 
dred  llKiiisanil  dollars,  and  his  assets  brought  but  f>t:l, 
lessauc'lloneer's  fee,  people  generally  supposed  that  the 
old  slalKlard  Aiiirriritn  Aiinrulluiisl  would  be  seriously 
alTecled.  It  turned  out,  however,  ihal  O.  Judd  had  dis- 
posed of  the  concern,  veins  helore.  mid  that  all  that  re- 
niained  ol  lilm  was  ihe  nitiiie  which  llie  Company  pule 
llshinglhe^li/icnv.in  y«.(;nVi..(ioi.vMiad  given  it  when  ll 
organized  lifteen  vears  ago.  It  furlhermore  appeared 
that  the  present  Managers  had  cleared  off  an  Indehieil. 
ness  cf  neiulv  a  quarter  of  a  million  of  dollars,  which 
they  found  upon  the  concern,  and  that  whereas  O.  Judd 
was  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  worse  off  than 
nothing,  the  Company  did  not  owe  a  dollar  when  lie 
collapsed  Now  the  iiresent  Managers  announce  that 
the  iiiiiririin  Aiirirulhirixr  le-g.ni  I  Ins  year  Willi  a  larger 
bona  hde  circulation  than  at  tin'  hegiiiiiing  ol  any  year 
for  twelve  vears  past.  Willi  the  old  editorial  force  and 
fresh  blood  In  every  deparlmenl,  this  Journal,  now 
enlarge<l,  far  surpa-sses  any  previous  issues  of  its  forty- 
three  vears'  existence.  The  I'ublisliurs.  as  a  special  in- 
diK-eiiieiil  lo  both  old  and  new  readers  to  now  subscribe, 
present  wilb  every  .subscription,  their  inaKnincent 
Cyclopiedia.and  twoeleganl  engrarlngs.  They  likewise 
give  Wehsler's  Hraclical  Dieiiuiiary. 

Send    tllem   »»W  et-iit-  In  «liiinii,«  to  mail  you  •pcelmen 
eoDlenofthe  Amerkall  AirrleullurUt,  and  •peilmi  n  pa- 
■eii  and  full  denerlpllon  of  <yfl«pir«lla,  IHetloiiary  and 
EBKravtna»  pre«enled  to  ••ul>«erlbcri«.     A.lilrt-s". 
_l"vilLl»IIEK'*  .\MKKltA\    AtiKlClLTUKIST, 
~  *6l  Broadway,  »w  York. 

:potatoes. 

IRISH.  SWKKT. 

Pamphlet  prepared  by  Charles  V.  Mapes,  New  York, 
contalliin"  accounts  of  some  Interesting  experiments 
showing  diniaiid  for  complete,  not  parllal,  fertilization. 
•       Among  ihc  most  slrlklngol  these  are  the  following  :— 

1    WIh-11  tcrlilizeis  exhaust  the  land. 

2.  Large  vields  of  potatoes  on  sixteen  acres. 

S.  Kabu.dielson  oneacre. 

4   Cinitlnuous  growing  of  potatoes  for  eight  years. 

'.s!  How  over  lilOO  bushels  of  potatoes  are  grown  on  an 

•fi.  Scab,  wire  worms,  etc..  In  potatoes. 

'7.  Sweet  potatoes,  their  coiii|iiKsilion  ,„„„,, 

These  accounts  are  from  the  pen  of  Prof.  O.  C.  Cald- 
well :  sir  J.  B.  Lnwes,  «d'  Kngland  ;  K.  S.  Carmen.  Kurnl 
JWic'loj-A-rr ;  Dr.  F.  M.  Ilexamer,  Amu-irun  Garden;  and 
others.  ,_  ,  , 

Tills  valuable  pamithlet  contains,  among  other  useful 
Information,  a  table  showing  the  efTecis  of  fertilizers 
Bupplvlng  only  a  single  eleinent,  lus  compared  with 
compiele  fertilizers.  Sent  free  to  applicants  by  Mapes 
Formula  and  Peruvian  (luano  Co..  158  Front  St.  N.  \  . 


J.  H.  JOHNSTON'S 

CHEAP  GUNS,  REVOLVERS,  &z. 

The  GREAT   WESTERN    GUN  WORKS,  J.  H.  Johnston,  Owner 

and  Proprietor,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  was  estabhshed 

nearly  twenty -five  years  ago. 


Mr.  Johuxtim  ix  a  practical  Ounsniitlt.fntrinp"  served  his 
term  "  af  lltr  tvmU  with  his  father  at  Wayneshoro.  Fran/ciin 
0>., /*o..  after  which  he  "went  West"  ami  loculed  in 
Pitisburi;.  The  betrinning  was  small  and  unpretenliovis. 
hut  liis  skill  as  a  Gunsmith  beean  to  tell  ■  from  the  word 
K<»."  BusiiU'SS  increased,  orders  came  from  all  around 
the  countrv.  The  works  were  enlarged  from  time  to 
time,  and.  in  less  than  ten  years,  it  was  the  larpcest  con- 
cern of  the  kin<i  in  the  West.  Orderx  are  now  filled  from 
eirri/  >!fiit'  ajtii  Tyrritrjrj/  and  frojn  alt  parts  of  the  iro/id— 
Ktji/pt,  Jiiutsiti.  Sired^n,  J'/rxia.  Ausd-ada,  aud  from  the 
far-ftff  FiJ'  J'^la'ids,  and  tlie  whule  result  of  this  remarka- 
ble snooess  is  that  people  \\\ui  semi  to  the  (ireal  Western 
(inn  Works  for  liuods  can  always  deper.d  on  getting  what 
lheysen<l  for,  pmmplly  too.  2s'uthiit0  is  misreinrscnted, 
ami  rv*r>/  puii/ully  warratUfii. 

Tlie  following  list  embraces  some  of  the  leading  and 
most  popnhir  sivles,  anions  which  most  any  one  can  he 
suited.  iVrsons'orderinu  any  of  these,  or  anything  in 
the  gun  Hue,  will  be  suited. 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE. 

A  JV*if  .S^frf  Warehoxiif  /or  Measrn.  Jahnaon  A  Stolcr*."^ 

Owine  to  llie  lapid  growth  of  their  business  the  past 
few  veara.  Messrs.  Johnson  &.  stokes  luive  been  obliged 
lo  obtain  more  room.  Their  new  warpli<;use  at  '.Iiy  Mar- 
ket Street  n  a  tive-slorv  iron  bnildiiii:  <-xteiidiiig  to  No. 
208  Church  Street,  u  depth  of  over  'JtKi  teet.  giving  theia 
lour  times  as  much  room  as  in  tli.-ir  ohl  quarters,  coti- 
BtituliiiKoneof  the  largest  seed  warehouses  in  Philadel- 
phia. Tliey  will  conduct  imsiness  at  both  their  stores. 
Kos.  2l!»aiul  IIH  Market  Street  until  July  1st,  at  which 
time  their  entire  business  will  be  transterred  to  their 
new  warehouse,  219  Market  Street,  as  their  new  head- 
quarters, 

Bv  the  insertion  of  a  period  arter  the  word  "Bracket" 
in  the  ad.  of  A.  H.  Pouieroy.  Hartford,  ft.,  the  wrong 
Idea  was  conveyed.  He  will  send  a  pattern  ot  the  new 
Curfew  I. racket.  It  is  well  worth  the  money.  Take  our 
advice  and  patronize  him. 


Wm.  H.Jones,  dealer  in  Agricultural  Implements  and 
Seeds  for  the  last  twenly-tive  years  at  1621  Market  St.. 
Philadelphia,  has  been  torced  by  the  eniiiient  domain  of 
a  larye  corporation  to  move.  He  has  secured  a  new 
warehouse  tonr  square  west  of  the  old  stand,  at  2043  and 
2045  Market  St.  

Growing  Onions.— Onions  are  one  ofthe  most  profit- 
able of  all  crops.  Thev  require  special  culture,  and  it 
is  the  special  skill  and  m  lumemeiit  of  a  crop  wliieh 
brings  the  largest  yield.  It  is  a  pecuHui  ity  of  this  crop 
Ihatltmav  be  grown  repeatedly  upmi  the  same  soil,  and 
thrives  best  upon  the  rich  vegetable  black  mold  of  re- 
claimed swamps.  For  such  a  crop  |)lovving  is  not 
required ;  the  surface  onlv  needs  workinir  to  a  depth  of 
four  or  live  inches,  atifl  on  the  rich,  mellow  onion  land 
this  is  most  perfect  Iv  done  hv  the  '-Acme"  Pulverizing 
Harrow. Clod  Crnsh'er  and  T.eveler.  hv  whith  the  soil  js 
turned  over  eqnallv  its  well  as  by  a  plow,  and  at  one- 
tenth  of  the  expense,  and  in  one-ietith  ol  the  lime. 
Where  several  aeres  ot  oinons  are  grown  this  imple- 
ment is  indispensable,  as  indeed  it  is  for  every  farm  and 
garden  crop  grown. 


FmE  MUZZLE-LOADING  RIFLES. 

No.  5.  Fine  wroupht-iron  barret,   fine   steel   sMe   action,  best  steel  | 
lok-k.  diiuiite  or  sel  triffger,  with  »ct  srrew,  Aniu-rlcan   ttlai^li  walnut 
Htoolc.oil  flnisti.barrvl  s[.letiillill>  riflclatl  tlie  way  through  and  flu-  J 
isht-il  tnsidf  ju'it  like  any  of  th<'  Ilm'-t  turitct  guns,  correctly  siehtod  , 
with  un  etevafliignar  sighl,  to  rlniiiiri-  fntni  .'>0  lo  500  yards,  and  a 
white  metal  Ironi  -ight.     Thccj  lhid<T  ordruni  Uia*  n  vent  screw,  so 
tlini  (Kiwdcr  may  be  inscru-d  rn>m  hrecch.  In^ca^e  a  I)a1l  is  pat  down  | 
without  powder,  or.  in  casenf  dirt  in  the  hriTch.  It  falls  to  prime. 
Brass  mouiidngB.  including'p*'*^''"''*"' ""  «ide  of  butt,  a  bullet  mold  ' 
ca.stlag  round  bulleta.  an  rxtonftion  wiper  to  *crcw  on  rod,  and  a  \ 
cloth  cover  sent  fre«.  'Th<>  wh<d<'  gun  is  liatid-madc  and  put  together  ' 
bv  the  be«t  inin*milhe,  thoroughly  ln"|«-ctcd  before  leaving  the  fac-  j 
ton- and  flillv  wurmnted-     Tlii- s-iioii  raaile  areSO,  33.  36.  and  40-inch  | 
barrels  ;  40.  tiO,  7.i.  100,  1.15,  IfiO.  IT.'),  or  2IW  round  baIN  to  the  pound,  i 
The  welL'hl  from  6,S  to  10  pound-..  The  rnnci-  from  .'«0  to  500  yard"<.  i 
A  cooil  nvvrnge  «iie  for  gent-ral  u«e    in  i:(0  balls,  33-inch,  9  pounds  I 
weight,    for   large  game.  30  lo  33-lnch.  60  t>ore.  9  poundn  :  for   target  , 
u»f,  S3  to  3A-lnch.  50  lo  7j  tiore,  »  to  10  iwunds.  Any  other  size  of  i 
tlii4  mj-leof  riRv  wiil  t»c   ninde  exucilv  to  order.     Price,  with  Mold 
Ftaslt.  Wiper,  and  Bullet  fouch,  i^lt.00t  or  Express,   prepaid, 
•  14.00. 

Fine'lMuzzle-Loading  Double  Rifle  and  ' 
Shot-guns  Combined. 

FOR  HUNTING  LARGE  OR  SMALL  GAME. 

These  double  rifles  and  suhotguns  are  all  of  the  hf^/ 
qualify  nf  xvinkmanship  and  material.  Kver^v  one  is  In'.ly 
warranted  for  sbootingshot  and  ball  with  loroe  and  pre- 
risini)  and  to  stand  hard  service  in  any  clmiate.  Bullet 
niolfl.  wiper  and  cover,  free  of  charge. 

No.  lO.  Real  twist,  patent  breech,  side  bv  ^-Idr  barrels,  .W 
l<>m  barrel,  rifle  barrel.  60  to  100  bnlU.  shot  barn-Is.  lOto 
U  bore.  S  to  11  pounds  weight.  goo<l  lock*  and  mountings.  $18.00 

No.  II.  Fine  twist  barrel*,  patent  breech,  over  and  under 
barrcltt,  line  Ntoek,  best  locltf  and  niouiitlng".  name  plate 
nu't  i-HCuleheons.  30  to  :t4  Inch  ritle,  60  to  100  balls,  Hhot 
barrets  li  to  16  bore.  9  lo  lOS  {tounds.         .  .         ■  .     $00.00 

No.  15.  Verv  fine  Laminated  steel  barreln.  niile  by  side, 
patent  tireveb  and  break  oft.  fine  Meel  t-a-'k  wtfon  lot;ks, 
set  trigger  for  rltte  barrel.  Hne  stin-k,  ctii-ckere"l  grip, 
patent  box.  ncal,  sniootb  finjsti.  rlrte  60  to  90  ImlN.  shot  12 
to  16  b<>re,  weight 'J  to  11  poun^l-.  :tO  to  :t6  inch  biirrd,      .     #80.00 

SINCLE-BARREL  SHOT-GUNS. 

No.  4.  American  (Ingle-barrel  "hotgun,  made  of  Spring- 
/letd  rijtf  barrel*.  hareA  i«rrectlr  smooth,  from  16  to  26 
bore.  :ti)  to  .t^'inch  barrel.  5  lo  6  pounds  weight,  oiled  wal- 
nut ^tock,  good  l*<-k.  blue  mounting,  a  perfectly  ^afe  and 
relinlile  irun.  vi-t  '«>  cheap  as  to  be  within  the  reach  of  alt, 
range  46  to  60  y  ard» $5.00 

MUZZLE-LOADING  DOUBLE  GUNS. 

A  Powder  Flask,  shot  Belt,  and  Wad  Oitler  xmt  free 
with  each  of  these  guns,  and  for  Jl.oo  extra  sent  express 
paid. 

No.  8H.  Fine  l^ndon  twist  b«rr«I<i.  patent  bre»ch  and 
breiik  off,  KnglHh  walnut  sio>k.  finely  oiled  or  varnished, 
and  checkered  swivol  hurrel  on  aide  locks,  engraved  or 
l>lHe  steel  mounting. "blaek  or  redwood  ramrod,  bolt  loop, 
(icrmnn  ullver  escutcheons  and  name  plale.  This  it  a 
good,  solid,  well-maile  gun,  suitable  for  all  kinds  of  small 
game,  30  to  3$-lnch  barreJi.  11  to  20  bore,  7  to  9  pounds. 
No.  3H  is  in  rcalitv  ihe  b-'st  low  nrioe  gun  in  the  list  for 
farmers  and  general  use.  and  we  tiave  them  of  every  sire.  $1S.00 
No.  8N.  :W  to  40-ln<-li  barrel,  double  bolt  loop,  8  to  9  pounds 

wei-'l.t.  IKto20hor.' $15.00 

No.  89.  Fine  Kngli-h  stuh-twUt  barrels,  patent  breech  and 
long  break-off,  curled  walnut  stock,  oiled  or  varnixhed, 
fiteil  bar  on  side  tocka,  nentlT  enirraved  steel  mountings, 
name  plate  and  boll  Iix>p,  cbt-ckered  grip.  The  wliol'-  Kun 
ttni-hed  In  good  and  substantial  lityle,  (iernian  siher 
name  plale  ami  eM?uteheont,  30  to  36-iuch  barret,  11  to  16 
bore.  7  to  9  pounds,  is  an  exrcHeni  gun  for  ducks.  sr4»irri'l 
or   pigeon   sliootln?,   and  wtll   ailapied   for  small  or  large 

came  at  long  range  or  on  the  wing $1 7.00 

No.  A  40.  Very  tine  Ent^linh  London  twist  barrels.  pali>nt 
lire<vli.  long  si'rap  break-off,  cood,  curled  or  gnar)'-d  Kng- 
lish  walnut  stock,  finely  checkered,  varnisli  or  oil  finish, 
good  steel  side  lock.s.  platina  venus.  steel  mountings,  finely 
ornamented  and  rase -hardened  or  blued.  German  silver 
name  plate,  escutcheons  and  fancy  extra  tube  ho\  and  ex- 
tra tubes.  Kvery  part  finished  up  in  the  nmst  de-'irahle 
maiini-r,  30  to  36-inch  barrels,  11  to  18  bore.  1}4  to  9  pounds 

wpighi $S0.00 

We  have  these  guns,  A  40.  of  all  sizes,  weights  and 
br>res.  adapted  for  every  kind  of  shooting,  from  lieiit 
wins;  guns  to  heavv  buckshot  sizes.  When  longer  than 
38-Inch  barrels,  SOcents  per  inch  extra  is  charged:  also 
$1.00  per  pound  for  more  than  9  pounds  weight,  10  bores 
cost,  extra,  ?1.00. 


No.  B  4'8.  E>GL?9H  Duck  Gcv.  London,  fine  twist  harreltr,. 
patent  breecli  and  long  strap  break- off,  fine  side  hack- 
action  locks,  polished  blue  iron  mounting,  bolt-loop.  Ger- 
man silver  escutcheons,  and  name  plate,  oiled  or  varlsbed 
English  walnut  :4tock,  checkered  grip.  These  guns,  when 
properly  loaded,  will  kill  game  at  VO  to  100  yards.  34  to 
40-inch  barret,  II  to  13  bore,  9  to  11  pounds  weight.    Price,  $SO.Ott 

M'hen  cash  is  sent  with  order,  we  will  pay  the  express 
anywhere  within  l,0(Xt  miles  for  §1.00. 

DOUBLE-BARRELJREECH  LOADERS 

No.  888,  Our  New  Great  Western. 

i  Double-barrel  Breech  Loader,  made  of  Springfield  Steel 
I  Barrels.  Every  old  soldier  knows  u-hat  they  are,  what 
they  .flnnd,  and  irhat  they  wilt  do. 

leaving  made  arrangements  lo  build  a  large  quantity 
of  these  new  Breech  Loaders,  we  shall  at  once  put  the- 
price  so  low  that  a  Breech-Loading  Double  Ciun  shall 
be  within  the  reach  of  all.  Vvr  tmr  cheapest  grade  we 
hiive  adopted  the  well-known  Double  tirip  Lefaucheaux 
iLilioii,  ^[iine  as  used  on  No.  2iNI.  it  beins:  the  strongest 
and  best  lor  the  pvirpose.  Having  no  heavy  royalty  to- 
pay  for  the  luiteni,  we  can  now  sell  thegun/ar6f/ou;any 
of  1  be  jiiiteuted  actions  now  in  thr  market. 

We  willsupplv  these  cuns  with  :«),  32,  34,  36.  and38-inch< 
barrels,  10.  li,  14.  and  16  bore,  8  to  9  pounds  wetsht.  The 
tiarrels  are  plain  black,  steel  finish,  oiled  walinit  stock, 
checkered  grip,  steel  back-action  lock,  well-tenipered. 
case  hardened  moinitiims,  autoniatic-or  seif-acting  shell 
ejeet(»rs.  In  fact  the  whole  gun  is  neat  and  plain,  but 
substantial.  The  boring  will  be  done  in  the  very  beat 
manner,  to  insure  good  shooting  at  60  to  70  yards. 

Choke  boring  to  order  only  ?2.00.  They  will  be  cham- 
bered for  brass  or  paper  shells. 

The  price  f(}r  these  guns  is  $l*J.O0  each  for  30  or  32-inch; 
34-Inch,  ?ia.iM);  :n>-iiich.  ?13..tO;  :i,H-lnch,  ?14.00.  A  omplete 
set  of  iiiiplenients  for  cleaiiiim,  loading,  recapping,  and 
decappinn  shells  IV.rifiOii,  mak inu*l 4. nO  lor  gun  and  outfit. 

TiiK-^K  <;iNv  SKNT  E\i*Kt>vs  l'.\ii>  aiiywhere  within 
1,000  miles  I'm  ■•l  iki  .Mra. 


LONG  RANGE  GUNS. 

T  have  for  many  vears  made  a  specialty  nf  Long  Range 
Muzzle -Untdrrn.  Now  that  Breech-loaders  are  coming 
Into  general  use  I  have  found  it  necessary  to  provide 
manv  of  my  old  customers  with  long  ranne  Breech- 
loaders, and  to  meet  their  wants  I  have  imported  from 
the  best  gun  makers  in  Europe  {nnf  the  high-priced)  a  lot 
of  Iniig  b«rrele<l,  both  fiptif  :iiiil  hmvy,  large,  medium,  and 
smalt  hoy  mnis.  df  fi'""'  i>„ti>  riiil.-<  and  plain,  but  neat 
flni.fh,  at  such  prices  us  «  ill  im-ei  the  wants  of  the  aver- 
age shooting  element  of  this  country.  I  have  now  on 
hand  the  following  guns  from  wliich  almost  any  one 
can  be  suited.    The  prices  mre  tow  and  qualify  good. 

No- 84d.  Plain  steel  barrels,  bai^-k  Mctinn  looks,  plain  cft^*e 
hardened  steel  mountings,  double  ('arreted,  oiled  walnut 
stocu.  The  French  or  Lefucheaax  action,  lever  In  ihe  fore- 
end,  as  strong  as  any  made.  Central  lire,  uses  reloading 
braHsor  paper  ahells  of  regular  siiet,  10,  \i.  14.  or  IB; 
3'2  io40-iuch  barrel.  8  to  9H  poundx  weight  Choke  bored. 
RauKeW  tolSyardd.     Price $16,$» 

Jio.  846  ll*  made  on  the  sameHtvle.  but  with  One  twist 
barrels,  finer  lock  stock  and  trfnimings,  and  a  stronger 
shooting  ?*'<> '  having  finer  barrcU.  athnila  of  l>elter  finf-'h. 
and  stands  heavier  charges.  This  is  a  -uperlor  tarm  guo 
for  general  use;  ^i  to  Its-inch  burrils ;  T  to  9  pounds 
weight :  lU,  t'-'.  14.  or  16  bore.  Cbake  bored.  Range  70  to 
Hllvards.     Pr..-e $I0.$$ 

No. '847.  Same  as  No.  ;{4G.  with  laminated  steel  barrels, 
and  a  ■smoother  made  gun :  'M)  to  40.i«ich  barrel ;  10.  12.  14, 
or  16  iMirc..  7  to9'4  pounds  weight.  Kange.  CUto  90  yards. 
Choke  l-or^vl.     Price $•&.•• 

No.  84^.  EnglUta  twUt,  dark  «lained  barrels,  sMe  Isver, 
with  lever  on  the  left  side,  snap  acttvo,  center  (Ire,  nack 
a-iion  lock',  poll'hed,  blued,  and  engraved  steel  mount- 
lags.  Rneoil  [Hillihed  Rngti^h  walnut  stook.  checkered  grip 
ami  fore-end.  automatic  shell  evtractor;  a  neat  and  huid- 
some  gun,  10. 1'i,  14.  or  16  b<jre,.f,:  to4fHnch  barrel ;  8  to9>^ 
pounds  weight.  Choke  bored.  Range,  75  to  90  yard;*. 
Price $t6.00 

No.  84S,  a-1  at>ovc.  with  pistol  grip  and  reboundiag  lock, 
frlc.-.       ...  $86.00 

No.  849.  Same  as  S48.  but  has  BHc-acrton  bar  locks,  re- 
liounding  hammer-,  and  otherwise  same  qualitv  and  stvie 
of  flnUh.  10.  12.  or  14  bore;  32  to4H-lucb  barrel :  8  to  10, 
pounds  weight.  Choke  bored,  pietol  grip.  Range.  86  to 
95  yards.  Price,  with  side  lever.  $1(6.00;  with  top  lever 
and  patent  fore-end $S&,09 

No.  8&0.  Fine  English  laminated  utecl  barrels,  side-action, 
bar-rebounding  lo«;ks.  spring  triggers,  fine  curled  Knglish 
walnut  root  !^tock,  natural  crook,  finely -checkered  grip  and 

"fore-vnd,  pUtol-shape  handle,  snap  action,  top  lever,  finely 

"flol-hed  mountlngi;  all  neatly  engraved.  In  fact,  the 
whole  gun  i-  finished  in  good  style.  1  his  is  a  leading  gun, 
and  is' destined  to  become  very  popular.  It  takes  the 
plai:e  of  our  No.  45  in  the  muzzIe-loTider  list,  which  was 
a  popular  favorite  among  no  mauy  Soiiihcru  and  Western 
sport-'inen  the  pa*t  fifteen  years.  The  boring  of  the  gun 
Is  perfect,  and  will  kill  game  from  SO  to  100  yards.  Good 
for  anv  kind  of  shot,  and  any  kind  of  game.  3*2  to  40-inch 
barret's,  8  lo  10  jKtunds  weight;  10.  1'2,  or  14  bore.  Choke 
bored.     Price $40.0$ 

PAPER  SHELLS,  No.  10,  VZ,  14,  or  16,  per  100, 
7!S  rcntMt 

BR.VSS  SHELLS.  No,  10.  VZ,  14,  or  16,  per 
4lozen.  75  cents. 

CAPS  or  PK1MER.S  for  shells,  per  box,  *5  rcnls. 

WADS  for  loading  shells,  per  bo.v,  25  cents. 

REVOIjVEKS  sent  anvwhere  bv  mall,  p-^st-paid.  of 
everv  description,  from  "^i  up  to  §8*^.5.  such  as  ('nlt^s, 
Smith  &;  UoHNon's.  .lohnMton'-^.and  all  the  cheaper 
grades.  Send  for  (yitalofjr'f.  Large  illustrated  Cata- 
loeues  of  all  our  coo#s  maileil  free  to  any  addres.s 

Terms  cash,  or  $2.00  cash  trt  show  good  laiih;  balance 
payable  C.  O.  "P.  at  Express  Office  after  you  examine 
the  Eoods.  How  to  Senil  i>Ioney.— Send  money  by 
Draft.  Monev  Order,  Postal-note,  by  Express,  or 
Resistered  Letter,  at  our  expeutie.  at  our  ri»k..  Address 
all  orders  to 


J.    H.    JOHNSXOTV, 

GREAT    WESTERN    CUN    WORKS- 

2627.  Smithfield  Street,   Fittsburg-,  Fa. 

We  8Cll  Colt,  WinrliriiiT.  KeiiiiiiiEloii.  rnrker.  Slovens,  Ueiiiingtom  MnHin.  Spencer,  nnti  all  re- 
prntine  rifles  nod  revolvers  utiess  than  factory  prices,    feead  lor  tatalo«ae. 

llentloD  Till  Farm  ANt>  Gahd.w. 


I  *  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  iV. 


If  jou  do 


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AOVEltTLSING  KATEB.-Prom  Usue  ot  January 
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Cllll.n  BKOS.    i   CO.,   Publisher-. 
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GENERAL  WITHERS,  OWNED  BY  G.  J.  SHAW,  HaBTLAND,  MAINE. 


GEN.   WITHERS,  1157. 

Chestnut  horse;  no  white;  1.5%  hands  high- 
weighs  1050  pounds;  foaled  June  13,  1875.  Bred 
by  Col.  R.  West,  Scott  County,  Kentucky,  and 
purchased  by  me  of  Gen.  Win.  T.  Withers,  Fair- 
lawn  Stock  Karm,  Lexington,  Kentucky. 

Sire,  Almont,  sire  of  Westmont  (pacer),  2.133<; 
and  2.01%  with  running  mate;  Fanny  Wither- 
spoon,  2.16^4;  Piedmont,  2.17H;  Aldine,  2  19V..- 
Early  Rose,  2,20Ji  and  20  others  with  records  of 
2.30  or  better. 

Dam,  bloom,  by  Hitchcock's  Ashland,  son  of 
Mambrino  Chief,  and  sire  of  Highland  Win   2  26 
and  Joe  I'ettit,  2.30,  and  sire  of  the  dam  of  Edwin 
Thorne,  record  2.16}^. 

Second  dam.  Lady  Brant,  by  Toronto  Chief, 
sire  of  Thomas  JetTerson,  record  2.2:j;  Royal 
Revenge,  sire  of  Lucy,  2.2014 ;  Fred  Hooper,»223,  &c 

The  season  of  1884  was  by  far  the  most  suct-ess- 
ful  with  Gen.  Withers  of  ' 

any  he  has  ever  made. 
His  wonderful  speed,  his 
great  courage,  and  re- 
markably clever  disposi- 
tion, together  with  his 
great  breeding,  have  won 
for  him  a  reputation  sec- 
ond to  no  stallion  owned 
In   Maine:  and   that  he 


transmits  his  good  qualities  in  a  remarkable 
degree  to  his  get,  is  beginning  to  be  quite  well 
demonstrated  and  believed.  Although  none  of 
his  get  have  a«  yet  appeared  in  public  races,  thev 
command  higher  prices,  and  a  more  ready  sale 
at  same  age,  than  do  the  getof  any  otlier  stallion 
in  Maine.  His  oldest  colts  are  now  coming  five 
years  old,  and  there  are  but  ten  of  those,  and 
nearly  every  one  of  them  were  used  in  188;j  and 
ISW  fer  breeding  purposes,  as  was  also  a  large 
per  cent,  of  his  foals  of  1881.  In  188t  many  of 
his  yearlings  and  two  year  olds  were  shown  some 
remarkable  trials.  One  three  year  old  was  shown 
a  full  mile  in  2.49}^,  without  training,  and  kept 
for  service.  Several  others  have  shown  better 
than  three  minutes,  and  a  four  year  old  a  full 
mile  in  2.40,  and  his  foals  of  m4  I  tliink  proini.se 
better  than  any  of  his  previous  get. 

General  Withers  was  awarded  first  prize  at 
Maine  .State  Fair  in  1884  for  standard  bred  stall- 
ions, and  he,  with  Ave  otliers  from  Cream  Brook 
Farm,  was  awarded  rfrst  premium  on  studs 
of  horses,  and  many  others  of  his  get  from 
weanlings  up  were  winners  of  first  premiums  at 
same  fair.— G.  J.  Shaw,  Hartland,  Me 


SPRING   TABLE-FARE. 

By  Edifh  Ma,/. 

Ncwthatspring  is  again  here,  the  system  is  apt 
to  rebel  against  the  winter  diet,  while  as  yet 
there  are  no  fruits  of  the  earth  to  vary  it.    Yet 

IKJiJJlfiEST  PREMm  EVER  MADE  BY  "us! 

«iiJ    4  beautiful  ro.e,  lor  the   "  "e^ ,"    ,l"'.„  b'  T."'"  '",l-'-,;"l'  ""laice  of  It.     .V  r,e,..  h.,ok  l..r  ,  >,  r.  -i:,,..  »ul..erlb,,. 

■  only  a  limited  number  of  these  books    and  S?„  , '""PI '■"""=  """I'J'  °f     "  "CIl  }  __        

uickly.     This  offer  does  no.  applrto'crbs■,?S^TIy;oTs^;%;i'i^i;a'MVp^^^^^^^^  ^^''i'^^     something      guod 

■>  *^  ^   •        lor  amiier,    nave  it. 


money  when  our  supply  is  exhausted.    So  ord 


the  daily  food  is  our  dependence  for  health  and 
strengtli  and  it  is  very  important  to  have  itappe- 
tizing.    Now  IS  the  time  for  the  good  housekeeper 
to  display  her  skill.     One  new  dish  at  a  meal 
will  be  very  acceptable,  and  with  careful  study 
may  usually  be  compassed.    When  oranges  are 
cheap,  an  ample  orange  short-cake  will  induce  all 
the  family  to  pass  lightly  by  the  dinner,  and 
make  a  meal  of  the  dessert.    Make  a  shorttake 
split  It  in  two,  and  cover  one  buttered  half  with 
s  iced  oranges  suga,-ed,  being  careful  to  take  out 
all  the  seeds,  layover  the  other  half,  and  serve 
with  sugar  and    milk,    or  any  pudding  sauce! 
Sugared  oranges  are  very  refreshing  at  this  sea. 
son   and  an  excellent  change  from  canned  fruits. 
The    system  is  apt,  also,  to  crave   acids,  and 
nattires   suggestions    are    worthy  of  attention. 
Cabbage  made  into  cold  slaw  is  often  relished  by 
or ZiIh  °  Tk""  '"f"  """"  ''^'■■■'ion  from  a  plate 
nro,?eH  V  .''f  "'^se.    Indeed  this  vegetable  has  the 
property  of  growing  more  indigestible  the  longer 

manv  of',;    '*' Y'^'y  ^=^-^'  ''^'"g  «<>  believe  with 
many  of  us,  yet  raw  cabbage  tends  to  promote 

ftlooked.'  '^"'"'  '"'"'  '"''"y  '"'°  <=^°  "°'  ^^' 

Dr.  William  Hall  wrote  a  book  on  "Health  by 
Good  Living,"  and  it  was  full  of  good  hints  which 
he  had  gathered  in  a  long  professional  life  He 
was  a  strong  lieliever  in  -'food  cure,"  in  a  large 

himself  in  need  of  a  bottle  of  medicine,  his  real 
ne«d  was  a  good  chicken  dinner."  Thire  is  no 
question  which  would  be 
the  pleasanter  to  take.  Do 
not  grudge  yourself  or 
your  family  the  best  you 
have  when  you  need'  it. 
Do  not  sell  the  chicken  and 
buy  a  bottle  of  patent 
medicine  with  the  money. 
When  you  feel  "just    jik 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


FARMER'S   HOME   GARDEN. 


11,1  Jrmi.h. 


Competition  Is  tin.-  soul  of  business.  It  acts  as 
a  healthy  stimulant  to  tlie  often  dormant  ener- 
gies of  the  liome-gardener.  Wherever  we  see, 
among  the  members  of  our  neighborhood,  the 
ardent  desire  to  "  l>eat"  in  the  production  of  veg- 
etables, we  generally  And  good  gardens.  I  like 
to  see  a  trifle  of  this  kind  of  Jealousy  between 
neighbors. 

Pride  is  another  powerful  stimulant.  Lot  the 
work  be  well  begun,  the  land  richly  manured 
and  responding  with  luxuriant  growth,  the  rows 
straight,  the  seed  coming  up  even  and  in  good 
Boason,  and— ray  word  for  it — the  fortunate 
farmer  will  say  to  every  visitor  *' come  and  see 
my  garden!"  The  heautifiil  appeals  unresist- 
ingly to  the  farmer's  nature,  and  he  will  willingly 
furnish  what  time  and  labor  is  needed  to  keep 
up  a  work  which  was  so  well  begun.  I  therefore 
say:— "My  dear  farmer's  wife,  insist  upon  hav- 
ing this  gardening  business  started  in  right,  and 
use  good  seeds."    AVcU  begun  is  half  succeeded. 

+ 
I  have  no  cause  to  eulogize  female  village'gos- 
sips.  They  may  have  personal  charms  ;  they 
may  be  dressed  in  silks  and  satins,  and  :n  the 
latest  styles,  but— tlie  lieuuty  of  (he  parrot— what 
does  It  .amount  to?  When  I  say,  however,  that 
the  farmer's  wife,  as  a  rule,  is  Ood's  noblest  and 
best  creation,  I  am  fortunate  eYiough  to  speak 
from  my  own  persona]  experience.  Blessed  the 
man,  who  agrees  with  me  in  these  sentiments. 
Many  mechanics,  luckily,  can  Justly  Include 
their  wives,  when  they  speak  of  this  noble  '*  fem- 
ininity." J, 

A  farmer  who  ha.s  plenty  of  land,  must  be  a 
brute  indeed,  if  he  expects  his  wife  to  cook  pork 
and  potatoes  and  beans  every  day  in  the  year, 
and  to  do  without  vegetables  unless  she  produces 
tbsmwith  her  own  hands;  and  without  lierries, 
unless  she  hunts  them  up  along  the  hillsides  and 
fence  corners.  Do  not  put  too  much  on  her 
shoulders,  yet  never  stint  her  with  kindness  and 
appreciation.  . 

JS'o  doubt,  that  little  woman  of  yours  wants  a 
few  nice  plants,  a  bed  of  geraniums  or  Pelargon- 
nms,  a  handsom*-  primrose,  a  few  ever-blooming 
roses.  By  all  that  Is  great  and  good,  make  her  a 
Resent.  8he  deserves  such  things.  How  it  will 
brighten  her  care-worn  face. 

Good,  well-rooted  rose  plants  can  now  be 
bought  for  a  very  few  cents  each.  Ask  the  ad- 
▼•rtlsers  of  Farm  and  Garden. 
+ 
Sometime  in  the  latter  part  of  winter,  I  took 
am  acquaintance  down  in  our  cellar  to  show  him 
a  big  heap  of  mangels  stored  there. 

"How  shall  I  plant  mangel  wurtzel  seed?"  he 
aeSiig.  "I  have  had  no  luck  thus  far.  Could 
■eTer  get  the  seed  to  .sprout."  This  matter  is  of 
Sreat  importance,  and  I  mu.st  answer  at  length. 
We  generally  use  the  garden  drill  in  sowing  ; 
but  I  confess  that  I  consider  it  a  handy  and 
4iuick,  but  also  a  slii/ttrxs  way,  and  the  one  re- 
oommended  for  onions  In  April  number  is  much 
better,  as  it  saves  a  great  deal  of  labor  in  cultiva- 
ting and  particularly  in  vcediiiff,  and  insures  a 
quick  and  sure  germination. 

Soak  the  seed  in  tepid  water.  In  fact,  all  root 
or»p  seeds,  (carrots,  beets,  turnips,  etc.),  should 
be  thus  treated.  Then  dry  the  surface,  either  l)y 
exposure  to  sun  and  air  for  a  short  time,  or  better 
by  mixing  the  seed  wilh  dry  sand  or  plaster. 

Now  plant  by  hand,  as  you  would  corn.  Mark 
the  land,  so  the  rows  will  bo  tlie  desired  distance 
— from  two  and  one-half  to  three  feet  apart,  then 
provide  yourself  witii  the  prepared  seed  and  a 
hoe.  Drop  a  pinch  of  seed— from  three  to  five— 
In  the  row,  cover  lightly,  and  sU-p  on  it,  then  drop 
a  few  more  seeds  about  one  foot  apart  from  the 
first  hill,  and  soon,  yievcr  neglecting  to  step  upon 
the  seed  after  covering  it. 

If  the  seed  is  good,  it  will  germinate  and  break 
ground  within  four  or  Hve  days  after  planting. 
If  it  does  not  appear  within  a  week  of  reasonably 
clear  weather,  bu.v  -new  seed  and  replant. 

Where  silos  are  not  in  use,  mangels  must  be 
considered  a  necessity  for  winter  feeding.  Many 
small  farmers  and  mechanics  in  country  towns 
keep  only  one  cow  for  family  use.  If  these  peo- 
ple knew  how  easil.y  an  abvmdant  supply  of  roots 
can  be  grown,  and  how  the  flow  of  milk  can 
thereby  be  increased,  they  would  naver  try  to  get 
along  without  them  in  the  winter. 

It  is  not  at  all  difficult  to  raise  forty-five  tons  of 
mangel  or  carrots  to  the  acre,  or  al.iout  loiH)  bush- 
els. One-twentieth  of  an  acre,  therefore,  or  a 
piece  of  land  containing  eight  square  rods,  would 
give  you  more  than  one  ton,  perhaps  nearly 
scEventy  bushels  of  mangels,  sufficient  to  feed  one- 
half  bushel  per  day  through  almost  five  months. 
last  think  of  this  1  Seventy  bushels  can  be  grown 
In  a  few  rows  across  your  garden !  Why  not  do 
it? 


Only  bear  in  mind  that  the  manure  has  .to  be 
put  on //licA:,  and  this  should  never  be  neglected 
in  any  garden.  To  grow  mangels  in  this  way 
pays  zrell  on  a  small  scale,  and  it  pays  still  better 
on  a  large  scale.  », 

The  seed  o£  carrots,  parsnips  and  vegetable 
oyster,  of  course,  has  to  be  evenly  distributed 
OTer  the  rows,  and  these  latter  may  be  quite 
close,  say  fifteen  or  eighteen  inches  apart.  Car- 
rots and  parsnips  may  be  sown  with  the  garden 
drill,  salsify  must  be  sown  by  hand.  Always 
firm  the  seed  bed  after  planting.  Parsnips  are  ex- 
cellent for  stock  in  early  spring,  and  may  be  left 
in  the  ground  over  winter,  until  wanted. 


KILLING   THE    CABBAGE    WORM. 


From  report  of  C.  r.  Rdetj,  Entomolotjiit  for  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 

One  of  our  most  valued  correspondents.  Dr.  A. 
Oemler,  of  Wilmington  Island,  near  Savannah, 
Ga.,  has  long  fought  cut-worms  by  trapping  them 
under  leaves  and  grass.  To  make  use  of  his  own 
words : — 

"  My  method  of  dealing  with  cut-worms  of  late 
years  has  been  to  remove  them  from  the  field  be- 
fore the  crop  to  be  jeopardized  is  up  or  the  plants 
are  put  out.  By  placing  cabbage  leaves  and  bun- 
dles of  grass  along  the  rows  of  watermelon  hills, 
four  years  ago,  I  caught,  by  hunting  them  daily, 
1.5.38  worms  on  about  one-1'ourlh  of  an  acre,  before 
the  seed  came  up,  and  lost  but  a  single  melon 
plant.  On  one  occasion  1  captured,  one  morn- 
ing, 58  of  all  sizes,  under  a  single  turnip  leaf,  and 
my  son  found  15  at  the  root  of  a  single  small 
cabbage  plant." 

A  year  or  so  ago  wc  wrote  to  Dr.  Oemler  that 
his  remedy  would  be  much  improved  in  point  of 
economy  of  labor,  if  he.  poisoned  bis  traps  before 
setting  them,  or,  in  jither  words,  if  he  sprinkled 
his  cabbage  leaves,  grass,  or  other  forage  used  for 


less.  I  have  in  my  mind  at  tliis  moment  a  young 
man  who  went  to  Florida  last  vviuter  for  his 
health.  He  was  troubled  with  malaria,  and 
his  physcian  advised  him  to  spend  the  winter  in 
the  South.  He  went;  but  the  Southern  climate 
only  aggravated  his  trouble  and  he  came  back 
worse  oft  than  before. 

1  have  had  this  desire  to  go  South  myself,  but 
from  what  I  have  seen  and  heard  from  friends, 
I  have  concluded  that  cold  New  England  is  far 
healthier  and  more  invigorating  than  the  debili- 
tating climate  of  the  South  ;  while  in  a  money 
point  'of  view  the  former  is  far  superior  to  the 
latter  for  the  working-man.  I  should  advise 
farmers  and  working-men  who  are  comfortably 
fixed  to  remain  where  they  are.  For  capitalists, 
the  South  offers  great  inducements,  but  as  a 
permanent  residence  for  Northerners  I  very 
much  doubt  Its  advantages. 


From  seed  of  seed  end  of  potato, 
this  purpose,  with  a  solution  of  Paris  green  or.  From  one  eye  to  hill, 


CUTTING  THE  SEED.* 

Single  Eye.     Dra.  Sturtrvant  and   Terry.     Yields  resulting  from 
different  amounts  of  seed.     Reliable  Tests. 

Thus  far  we  have  dealt  with  theory  only.  How 
is  this  supported  by  the  results  of  tests  and  stub- 
born facts? 

In  Bulletin  12  of  the  Missouri  Agricultural  Col- 
lege (1884),  Professor  J.  W.  Sanborn,  in  summariz- 
ing the  experiments  which  he  has  conducted 
personally  during  nine  years,  with  the  Early 
Rose,  says : 

"The  following  table  will  give  the  average  re- 
turns for  seven  years  from  measured  ground  and 
weighed  potatoes,  the  product  of  two  farms,  and 
in  .agreement  with  the  unrecorded  results  on  a 
third  farm : 

PRODUCT  PER  ACRE. 
From  seed  of  whole  potatoes,  large,    227  bushels. 
From  seed  of  whole  potatoes,  small,    177 
From  seed  of  stem  end  of  potato. 


London  purple.  In  order  to  save  himself  the 
troubleof  hunting  for  the  wormsln  the  morning. 

We  again  quote  from  Dr.  Oemler  concerning 
the  practical  working  of  this  plan  :-- 

".'Vfter  the  land  is  jireparcd  for  cal)bages  or  any 
other  crop  needing  iirotcction,  I  place  cabbage  or 
turnip  leaves  in  rows  15  or  '20  feet  apart  all  over 
the  flelil,  and  about  the  same  distance  apart  in 
the  rows.  The  leaves  are  first  dipped  in  a  well- 
stlrreil  mixture  of  a  tablespoonful  of  Paris  green 
to  a  bucket  of  water;  or  they  may  be  first  moist- 
ened, then  dusted  with  a  mixtm-e  of  one  part  of 
Paris  green  to  twenty  of  flour,  and  placed  care- 
fully with  the  dusted  surface  next  to  the  ground. 
Two  .such  applications,  particularly  in  cloudy 
weather,  at  intervale  of  three  or  four  days,  will 
suflice  to  allow  the  cut-worms  to  make  way  with 
them.selves,  which  they  generally  do  with  perfect 
success.  This  plan  first  recommended  by  Profes- 
sor Riley,  Is  the  best  I  have  found.  Whoever 
adopts  It  will  rid  himself  of  the  i>est  at  least  cost 
and  trouble,  and  will  not  be  compelled  to  replant 
constantly  or  to  sow  his  seed  thickly." 


148 
168 
81 
Iftt 
160 


THE  SOUTHERN    FEVER. 

7;.r/  t'ltiytnn   OtUniuer. 

The  craze  for  going  South  increases  as  time 
passes,  particularly  among  farmers.  I  have  seen, 
to  my  sorrow,  well-to-do  farmers  in  New  England 
leave  good  farms,  friends,  schools,  and  social 
advantages  to  "get  rich"  in  the  South.  They 
go  South,  settle  in  the  wilderness,  and  after  years 
spent  in  clearing  and  getting  the  land  ready  for 
cultivation,  they  have,  perhaps,  as  good  a  farm 
as  that  which  they  left  behind  them  in  the  North. 
A  farmer,  with  children,  who  has  been  seized 
with  the  ".Southern  fever"  should  ccjnsider  well 
the  step  he  would  take.  We  all  know  that  the 
educational  advant;\ges  in  the  South  are  very 
poor— next  to  nothing,  in  fact,  though  somewhat 
better  than  they  were  ten  years  ago.  A  residence 
in  tlie  South  for  the  farmer  means,  in  most  cases. 
Isolation  from  all  society  and  the  deprivation  of 
even  a  common-school  eflucation  for  the  children. 

Wages  in  the  South  are  low.  Negro  labor  is  so 
plenty  that  new  comers  find  it  almost  useless  to 
compete  with  it.  I  can  name  mechanics  who 
were  getting  three  dollars  a  day  at  their  homes 
who  went  South  to  "get  rich."  They  went,  but 
did  not  find  the  country  as  promising  as  the 
lying  land  agents  had  pictured  it.  They  are  now 
working  for  fifty  cents  per  day  and  though  they 
are  first  class  workmen,  find  it  hard  to  get  work 
all  the  time. 

Malaria  is  the  worst  disease  with  which  settlers 
of  new  land  have  to  deal.  Rarely  do  you  meet 
the  man  who  has  not  sulTered  from  It  more  or 


From  two  eyes  to  hill,  . 
From  three  eyes  to  hill. 

Of  the  season  of  1881,  he  reports  a  complete  fail- 
ure as  to  the  one,  two,  and  three-eye-to-a-piece 
system  of  planting.  The  yield  of  the  one-eye 
seed  was  but  five  bushels  to  tlie  acre,  against  176 
bushels  from  whole  large  potatoes. 

"Notoverone-half  of  theseed  brokethe  ground 
In  germination,  and  a  part  of  these  were  so  small 
and  weak,  compared  with  fuller  seeding,  that  a 
few  slightly  covered  died.  The  balance,  under  a 
very  wet  season  here,  did  not  thrive.  This  result 
is  given  to  show  how  great  a  variation  may  occur 
under  unfavorable  conditions,  between  ample 
seeding  and  deficient  seeding.  *  «  «  »  Since 
beginning  these  trials,  1  have  seen  two  foreign 
tests,  covering  about  seven  5'ears  each,  wherein 
the  efleet  of  cutting  on  the  future  vigor  of  the 
plant  was  studied,  with  results  against  fine  cut- 
ting. One  eye  and  small  potatoes  gave  less  favor- 
able results  at  the  Ohio  Experimental  .Station, 
last  year,  than  whole  large  potatoes." 

Let  us  now  look  at  the  tests  conducted  by  the 
generally  very  careful  Rural  yew  Yorktfr,  and  re- 
ported In  the  issue  of  March  1.5th.  18S1. 

"Test  16,  A.  The  seed  potatoes  were  selected 
all  of  the  same  size,  and  peeled,  all  eyes  being  cut 
ofl",  except  the  strongest  near  the  mid- 
dle, that  is,  whole  potatoes  were  peeled 
so  that  but  one  eye  was  left  with  a  ring 
of  skill  about  it.  *  *  «  •  The  vari- 
ety was  the  Peerless;  the  amount  of 
chemical  fertilizers  used,  UHK)  pounds 
to  the  acre.  «  *  »  *  «  'i'ield,  806.66 
bushels  to  the  acre.  J 

"  Test  47,  A.  The  pieces  were  cut  as 
shown  by  figure  4,  and  of  that  size. 
Planted  three  inches  deep.  So  many  of  the  pieces 
either  failed  to  sprout  or  died  after  sprouting, 
that  no  estimate  could  be  made  of  the  yield  per 
acre. 

"  Test  48,  A.    In  this  test,   cylindrical  pieces 
were  cut  through  the  potato,  as  shown 
In  figure  5,  with  a  strong  eye  on  one 
end    *    *    *    *    t    yield,  211.75  bushels 
to  the  acre." 

"  *  Enough  is  as  good  as  a  feast,*  con- 
cludes the  Rural.  But  what  would  be 
enough  in  a  wet  spring,  might  prove 
too  little  In  a  dry  one;  what  might 
serve  in  a  rich  soil,  might  prove  insuf- 
ficient in  a  poor  soil.  The  quantity  of 
fiesh  which  should  go  with  each  piece 
is,  theoretically,  that  which,  without 
unneccessary  waste,  will  best  support 
the  eyes,  until  by  the  growth  of  roots, 
support  is  no  longer  required." 


Fig-  4. 


Fig.  5. 


•  From  new  hook  hy  "  Joseph,"  entitled.  "  Monej-  in  Potatoes." 


X  Million  Cranberry  Plants,  ^,' 

^  1000.   Wliite   -  •■  -     — 

2otliei 
free. 


other  thiiiKs. 

I.  &  J.  I> 


«-eet    Potato 

.  .  alUsSl..'iOpr. 
V  roots  .^Oc.  each- iljott*  of 
Calaloeiieof  SMAI.I.  FKiHTS 
L120NARO.  lona,  N.  J. 


THE  BIGGEST  THING  OUT  ''!;"E%"f?i?:?^'* 

(new)  K.  NASON  .t  CO.,  120  FuLTOM  ST.,  New  York. 


SHORTHANP.'.^..^-^ 


tiintinii'^ 

end  fur  rii- 


byiiinil  or  per^onnlly. 
iH-ociirrrt  fnr  pupils  when  ronipetent. 
•'ik-.r.  \\\  (i.rH.VFFFF.Osuego.y.  Y. 

SEND  to  KING  A  CO-  Owcso,  >.V.,  Tor  ('ulalm-ue 
and^rjceJJst  of  CUSTOMJIAHO-MAOE    HARNESS. 

e«  A  "B   Uce,  Ticks,  Mang*.  Cure  Warranted.  Send 
idVAiD*  Btanjy  toT.  W.  Lawtobd.  Baltimore.  Kd 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


GARDEN  NOTES. 

Sowing  garden  seeds  is  an  easy  enough  tnslt, 
when  you  have  the  use  of  a  garden  drill.  Parsnips 
and  salsify,  however.,  must  be  sown  by  hand. 
Nor  is  it  advisable  to  plant  peas  with  the  garden 
drill,  which  leaves  them  too  near  the  surface  and 
partly  uncovered.  It  is  best  to  scatter  the  peas 
in  plowed-out  or  hoed-out  furrows,  about  three 
«r  four  Indies  deep,  and  cover. 
+ 

When  neither  garden  drill  nor  hand  cultivator 
is  to  be  used,  try  the  following  plan  with  onions. 
Mai'k  out  the  rows  of  proper  width,  then  plant 
eix  or  eight  seeds  every  eight  inches  apart  in  the 
row.  The  onions  growing  in  bunches  will  do 
just  as  well  as  singly,  and  the  weeding  be  much 
easier. 

■i- 

It  is  a  good  plan  to  mix  a  few  radish  seeds  with 
onions,  celery,  parsnips,  and  all  other  seeds 
which  do  not  germinate  quickly.  The  radishes 
germinate  in  a  few  days,  and  indicate  the  e.xact 
location  of  the  rows,  thus  enabling  you  to  hoe  or 
cultivate  even  before  the  other  vegetables  can  be 
seen  above  ground. 

Now  remember  that  lettuce,  peas,  onions,  rad- 
ishes, etc.,  can  be  sown  just  as  early  as  the 
ground  is  ready.  If  you  have  a  good  hand  culti- 
vator (Gem  of  the  Garden,  or  Ruhlman's  Wlieel 
Hoe),  which  every  farmer  who  works  more  than 
one-quarter  acre  of  garden  ought  to  have,  you 
may  plant  these  vegetables  in  long  drills,  four- 
teen to  sixteen  inches  apart ;  otherwise  make  the 
rows  far  enough  apart  that  you  can  cultivate  by 
horse  power.  , 

Celery  for  plants  must  be  sown  as  early  as 
possible  in  a  moist  (if  possible  a  little  shadyl 
place  and  soil  as  free  from  weeds  as  is  to  be  found. 
Always  sow  in  rows  far  enough  apart  for  you 
to  hoe  between  them.  Sow  thinly  and  thin  the 
plants.  Good  plahts  cannot  be  grown  thickly 
together.  There  is  little  difference  between  dif- 
ferent varieties.  The  half-dwarfs  are  good.  Do 
not  risk  too  much  on  the  White  Plume. 

Cabbages  are  easily  grown  with  good  commer- 
cial phosphate  and  no  other  manure.  Five  hun- 
dred pounds  per  acre  will  make  good  cabbage ; 
but  1000  pounds  will  produce  more  valuable  re- 
turns for  the  outlay,  as  the  cabbages  will  grow 
more  rapidly  and  be  safer  from  the  cabbage  worm. 
Early  planted  cabbage  is  usually  more  safe  from 
the  worms  than  later.  We  advise  early  planting, 
the  use  of  phosphate,  well  spread  in  the  hill,  and 
good  culture,  and  you  will  have  fine  cabbage. 
The  most  successful  cabbage  growers  we  know, 
practice  our  plan  of  growing. 


ACCOUNTS  WITH   CROPS. 

J?l/  John  E.  Read. 


It  Is  generally  considered  very  desirable  that 
the  farmer  should  grow  large  crops.  Indeed, 
this  sentiment  is  so  strong  that  the  rank  which 
any  individual  cultivator  holds  in  the  commun- 
ity in  which  he  lives,  is  very  largely  determined 
by  the  rate  of  production  which  he  is  able  to 
secure.  Unless  their  is  some  serious  defect  else- 
where in  his  business  arrangements,  the  man 
■who  produces  large  crops  will  be  a  far  more 
successful  farmer  than  the  one  who  obtains  but 
a  small  return  from  the  land  which  he  cultivates. 

To  be  benefitted  by  his  crops,  the  farmer  should, 
in  some  manner,  dispose  of  them  after  they  have 
been  secured.  And  in  order  to  dispose  of  them 
intelligently  and  profitably  he  must  know  what 
they  have  cost  him.  The  manufacturer  is  obliged 
to  know  just  how  much  it  costs  him  to  produce 
the  article  which  he  sells.  In  no  other  way  can 
he  know  the  price  at  which  he  can  afford  to 
furnish  his  wares.  Neither  can  he  tell  when  a 
sale  has  been  made,  whether  the  transaction  has 
yielded  him  a  fair  percentage  of  profit,  or  in- 
volved him  in  a  direct  loss.  To  this  it  maybe 
said  that  the  farmer  has  little  or  nothing  to  do  in 
determining  the  selling  price  of  his  crops,  but 
that  he  is  obliged  to  sell  them  at  market  rates 
■or  not  sell  them  at  all. 

The  knowledge  obtained  by  keeping  account 
will  aid  him  in  making  a  wise  selection  of  the 
crops  which  he  will  cultivate.  Thus,  the  man 
who  keeps  a  record  of  the  cost  of  his  crops  will  be 
prosperous,  because  he  will  grow  those  which 
more  than  pay  the  expense  of  cultivation. 

Unless  there  are  valuable  compensations,  no 
farmer  can  afford  to  grow  crops  which  cost  liim 
more  than  the  cash  price  for  which  they  can  be 
sold. 

In  the  expenses  of  growing  a  crop  should  be 
included  the  rent  of  the  land,  cost  of  seed,  value 
of  fertilizers  applied,  of  labor  performed,  and 
everything  involved  in  its  production.  Credit 
should  be  given  for  the  crop  as  a  whole,  not  only 
for  what  is  sold,  but  for  every  portion  u.sed  on  the 
farm,  and  for  such  proportion  of  the  fertilizers  as 
probably  remains  in  the  land, .and  will  be  avail- 
able for  the  u.se  of  succeeding  crops. 


Valuable  as  is  the  principle  which  has  been  set 
forth,  it  must  not  be  carried  to  an  extreme. 
While  the  farmer  should  choose  crops  that  are 
worth  more  than  tliey  cost,  he  should  not  devote 
all  his  attention  to  the  production  of  any  single 
one,  even  though  careful  accounts  should  prove 
it  to  be  more  prolitable  than  any  other  tliat  he  is 
able  to  grow.  He  cannot  afford  to  risk  all  his 
time  and  labor  upon  any  single  crop,  for.  if  it 
prove  a  failure,  he  might  thus  lose  all  his  work 
for  the  season,  and  also,  the  best  results  can  only 
be  secured  by  growing  several  different  crops 
upon  the  same  farm.  Under  ordinary  circum- 
stances, a  rotation  of  crops  is  an  absolute  neces- 
sity. A  diversified  system  is  certainly  safer  than 
the  cultivation  of  only  a  single  crop,  it  utilizes 
labor  to  much  better  advantage,  and  is  far  less 
injurious  to  the  soil,  consequently,  each  farmer 
should  grow  several  crops.  He  should  keep  a 
careful  account  with  each,  in  order  that  he  may 
knowjust  what  it  costs,  and  that  he  may  thus  be 
able  to  choose  in  an  intelligent  manner,  the  ones 
to  which  he  will  give  tlie  most  careful  attention. 
It  is  probable  that  an  account  of  the  expenses 
involved,  and  the  receipts  obtained,  would  prove 
to  many  farmers  that  the  land  they  have  been 
devoting  to  certain  crops  which  they  have  grown 
for  sale,  might  be  more  profitable  given  to  other 
plants,  and  that  some  crops  which  are  now 
lightly  esteemed,  are  really  more  profitable  than 
the  ones  which  are  considered  the  most  valuable. 


GRAINS  OF  CORN. 

Bn  John  M.  Slnhl.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

I  have  found  it  of  doubtful  propriety  to  use  the 
roller  upon  corn  ground  before  the  corn  isplanted. 
I  may  say  that  upon  prairie  soils,  there  is  no 
doubt  about  the  matter,  for  all  my  experience 
and  observation  condemns  the  use  of  the  roller 
before  planting.  In  the  spring  the  ground  is  sat- 
urated with  water,  and  the  object  is  not  to  retain 
moisture,  as  in  the  fall,  but  to  hasten  its  evapor- 
ation. Thei'oller  is  an  excellent  implement  to  use 
when  it  is  desired  to  retain  moisture,  for  it  paclvs 
down  the  ground,  preventing  the  ready  entrance 
of  the  sun  and  air,  hence  it  is  advisable  to  use 
it  in  the  preparation  of  ground  for  winter  wheat; 
but  this  very  fact  condemns  its  use  upon  ground 
for  corn  in  the  spring.  Again,  upon  the  prairie, 
and  other,  soils,  there  is  al-ways  imminent  dan- 
ger of  packing  by  heavy  rains;  and  this  danger 
is  greatly  increased,  if  not  reduced  to  an  unpleas- 
ant certainty,  by  the  u.seof  the  roller.  In  the  fall, 
heavy  rains  are  infrequent,  and  such  is  the  con- 
dition of  the  soil,  that  they  do  not  solidify  broken 
ground;  but  heavy  rains  are  frequent  in  the 
spring,  and  such  is  the  condition  of  a  majority  of 
soils  that  the  rain  will  convert  them  into  an 
amalgam  if  the  roller  has  been  used.  The  field  is 
in  a  sad  condition— often  in  worse  condition  than 
before  work  is  begun  ;  the  saturated  ground  will 
dry  slowly,  and  be  in  a  condition  totally  unfit  to 
receive  tlie  seed  ;  while  the  work  required  to  put 
the  seed-bed  in  condition  again,  will  be  delayed 
by  the  wet  condition  of  the  ground.  I  would 
strongly  recommend  that  the  corn  be  first 
planted,  and  then  if  is  absolutely  essential  to  use 
the  roller,  put  it  upon  the  ground  just  before  the 
plants  reach  the  surface,  or  when  they  are  three 
or  four  inches  in  height,  when  the  passage  of  the 
roller  over  them  will  not  occasion  any  serious 
injury.  By  this  time  the  soils  will  have  become 
dryer,  and  the  frequency  of  rains  will  have 
decreased. 

The  germination  of  the  corn  can  be  hastened 
tiiree  days  by  soaking  it  in  warm  water  for  twen- 
ty-four hours  before  planting.  This  matter  as- 
sumes an  important  phase  when  for  any  reason 
the  work  of  planting  is  delayed  until  late  in  the 
season.  It  is  not  possible  to  use  soaked  corn  in  a 
two-horse  or  a  hand  planter;  but  when  the  season 
Is  late,  it  will  pay  togo  to  the-  extra  trouble  of  drop- 
ping by  hand,  and  covering  with  a  hoe  or  with 
some  device  for  the  purpose,  in  order  to  be  able 
to  use  soaked  seeds.  I  attach  great  importance 
to  the  early  planting  of  corn.  All  farm  work 
should  be  done  at  the  earliest  seasonable  moment, 
but  the  neglect  of  some  is  attended  with  greater 
loss  than  the  neglect  of  others ;  and  there  are  few 
operations,  the  delay  of  which,  beyond  the  pro- 
per season,  reduces  the  profits  to  a  greater  extent 
than  the  planting  of  corn.  The  reason  is  this: 
corn  Is  a  semi-tropical  plant.    In  the  latitude  in 


Pleasr  mrnlion  THK  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 

NIAGARA  WHITE  GRAPE  VINES 

S'i  c.ieh,  or  win  be  snlrl  to  planters  on  time;  lOpf^rcent 
(tnivii,  balance  In  '2  or  3  years:  or  will  take  nav  ont  of 
the  net  proceeds  of  fruit.  Reference— Niagara  White 
Gnipe  Co.,  Lockport.  N.  Y.      Address. 

M.  J.  MITCHELL,  Greenville.  Mo. 


SPPPTAni  rC  t^nvojneteva.Thermometera,  Photo- 
rtU  I  HULtO  m-n;j/:fc    (hiint.i    far   Amateur f, 
Oppra  OfafiKf't,  Mif^-')sr.opes,  Teleacopes.     \V,  H. 
„^.  \yAL,M.Sl.EY  &  CO..  sucotssorsto  R.  &  J.BecIt, 
PUiIadelphia.    Illustrated  Price-List  free  to anv address. 


which  the  bulk  of  tlie  corn  is  produced,  the  sear 
son  at  its  best  is  barely  long  enough  for  the  nor- 
mal development  of  the  plant.  Its  growth  may 
be  cut  short  by  drought  or  some  other  circum- 
stances, and  then  the  season  may  be  apparently 
too  long  for  its  complete  development.  But  if 
conditions  were  favorable,  the  longest  season 
would  be  none  too  long  for  the  life  and  fruition  of 
the  plant.  Hence  the  wisdom  of  lengthening  the 
season  by  beginning  planting  at  the  earliest 
seasonable  moment.  Doubtless,  my  readers 
have  noticed,  as  I  have,  that  in  nearly  every  case 
the  earlier  planted  corn  grew  the  stockier,  showed 
a  better  color  thi-oughout  the  season,  and  made 
the  larger  yield  of  the  better  quality.  It  had  a 
longer  season  in  which  to  grow  and  mature. 
There  is  another  circumstance  which  makes  it 
desirable  to  plant  early.  The  weather  in  July, 
August,  and  perhaps  in  September,  is  apt  to  be 
droughty,  and  it  is  best  to  have  corn  well  ad- 
vanced by  the  time  this  season  of  drought  is 
reached ;  otherwise,  the  corn  will  be  checked 
when  it  is  bending  all  its  energies  to  the  produc- 
tion of  the  grain,  and  tiie  result  will  be  a  light 
harvest  of  cars  from  stalks  which  promise  much 
more. 

From  the  above  it  must  not  be  understood  that 
I  would  have  corn  planted  before  the  ground  is 
fitted  for  it.  By  so  doing,  nothing  is  gained,  and 
frequently,  much  is  lost.  If  the  ground  is  cold  or 
too  wet,  the  seed  will  fail  to  germinate  in  many 
instances,  and  the  result  will  be  an  imperfect 
stand.  I  do  not  believe  in  replanting  a  hill  here 
and  a  hill  there;  the  replant  will  be  a  week  later 
than  the  other,  and  if  cultivation  Is  .suited  to  one 
it  will  be  unsuited  to  the  other.  Hence,  I  would 
advise  that  when  one-third  of  the  seed  fails  to 
germinate  the  whole  be  replanted,  unless  the  sea- 
son is  far  advanced.  And  because  I  dislike  a 
partial  stand,  I  say  do  not  plant  until  the  season- 
able moment,  but  be  sure  to  plant  at  the  earliest 
seasonable  moment.  Corn  planted  on  warm, 
mellow,  well-prepared  ground  will,  in  one  month 
after  planting,  be  ahead  of  that  planted  two 
weeks  earlier,  -n-hen  the  ground  was  cold  and  wet 
and  could  not  be  properly  prepared.  I  remember 
of  planting  corn,  in  Illinois,  one  season  on  the 
I9th  of  June,  because  the  ground  was  not  in  con- 
dition earlier;  and  I  raised  a  crop  that  averaged 
fifty  bushels  shelled  per  acre,  while  those  who 
planted  corn  in  mud,  labored  for  weeks  at  the 
peril  of  theiy  health,  and  did  not  have  half  the 
yield  that  I  did.  Plant  at  the  earliest  seasonable 
moment.  Plant  at  the  earUest  seasonable  mo- 
ment. 

Often  we  attempt  to  raise  too  many  ears,  and 
sacrifice  quantity  and  quality  yet  more.  We 
must  acknowledge  that  our  land  is  not  so  fertile 
as  it  was ;  and  even  when  it  had  its  virgin  pro- 
ductiveness, four  grains  in  the  hill  were  too 
many.  I  am  sure  that  t-wo  stalks  per  hill  will 
produce  a  greater  quantity  of  ears,  and  certainly 
of  better  quality,  than  four  stalks  per  hill.  I 
would  r.ather  have  one  good  ear  than  six  nubbins. 
Though  the  nubbins  may  make  the  more  bulk, 
the  ear  will  produce  more  beef  or  pork.  The  ear 
is  always  of  a  better  quality  than  is  the  nubbin ; 
and  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  we  pay  altogether 
too  little  attention  to  the  quality  of  corn.  We  are 
careful  about  the  quality  of  many  products, 
because  the  buyer  makes  a  difference;  but  we 
feed  our  corn,  and  because  the  hog  or  steer  does 
not  talk,  we  are  careless  about  quality. 


MAKING  A   HOT  BED. 

Sy  E.  B.  Ransom,  Kahoka,  Mo. 


The  manure  should  be  fresh— right  out  of  the 
stable  if  possible— and  about  half  straw,  leaves, 
or  something  of  the  kind,  for  making  on  top  of 
ground.  The  frame  should  he  about  two  and  a 
half  feet  at  the  back  and  the  front,  and  when  you 
have  forked  the  manure  over  twice,  it  may  be 
put  in  to  the  depth  of  one  to  one  and  a  half  feet, 
pressing  down  thoroughly.  If  the  dirt  is  dry, 
wait  a  day  or  two  until  the  vile  heat  passes  off, 
but  if  it  is  frozen  put  it  on  to  thaw  out.  The  heat 
will  rise  for  the  first  two  or  three  days  to  120°,  but 
when  it  subsides  to  90°,  the  seed  may  be  sown. 
Cover  with  boards  and  keep  covered  when  the 
weather  is  at  all  severe,  but  open  on  warm  days, 
the  soil  for  the  bed  should  be  composed  of  fine 
manure,  sand,  or  dirt,— in  equal  parts. 


50  Different  StTles  with  yritir  nam© 

engraved.  10  cU,     A  Cloth  and  Gilt  bound 

Apenu'  Book  of  J>0  costly  styles.  25  cUi.     fio  free 

samplcK.    CBi-d  Co.,  WoIIlnq^rorrt.Conii, 

This  Company  does  not  deal  in  trash. 


ELEGANT! 

AND' 

TYLISH 


HIRES 

by  mail  ou  receipt  of  if5e.  C. 


9  IMPROVED  ROOT  BEER'. 

Parkayes  'iSc.  Makes  5  gallons  of 

a  (ielic'kms.  sparklinR,  and  wholesome 

beverane.  Snh)  bvalldruggi-stsorsent 

•:  E.  lllree,  48  N.  Del.  Av.,  Phila..  Pa, 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


She  Oi^ghai^d. 


THE    SHANNON    APPLE. 

We  give  a  cut  of  the  Shannon,  the  prize-taking 
apple  lor  the  southern  division,  between  28°  and 
3o°  Thi^  apple  received  twenty-five  dollars  at  New 
Orleans  in  three  first  premiums;  one  of  ten 
dollars  for  the  finest  and  best  apple;  one  of  ten 
dollars  for  the  best  new  apple  for  that  section, 
and  five  dollars  for  the  best  plate  of  Shannon. 
The  apple  from  which  the  cut  was  taken  was  one 
of  the  smallest  of  the  premium  plate.  We  got  it 
ourselves  in  New  Orleans  for  the  purpose  of 
making  an  accurate  cut. 

The  Shannon  originated  in  Arkansas,  not  far 
from  Little  Rock.  It  loves  a  soil  full  of  lime, 
and  does  best  on  a  clay  loam.  The  tree  is  a 
rapid  grower,  and  has  the  habit  somewhat  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Greening,  but  does  not  spread  as 
much  as  that.  The  tree  is  a  moderate,  regular 
bearer;  bearing  evenly  through  the  tree,  and  a 
few  on  the  ends  of  the  brandies.  The  fruit  is  of 
a  golden  yellow  color,  and  resembles  the  Hunts- 
man's favorite,  of  excellent  quality,  and  a  good 
keeper.  The  specimen  for  our  illustration 
Wivs  sound  when  cut  on  March  2d.  and 
would  have  kept  much  longer.  We  found 
them  to  keep  well  on  the  tables  at  New 
Orleans.  The  form  can  be  seen  in 
our  perfect  cut,  and  can  be  relied 
on  in  every  particular,  as  a  Shan- 
non will  appear  when  cut.  The 
cavity  often  russetti_'(l.  Tlie  good 
quality  of  the  Shannon  will 
make  it  popular  where  the 
best  fruit  is  desired.  We  do  not 
think  it  wlU  be  popular  in  a 
cold  climate.  The  variety 
needs  a  warm  sun  to  bring  it 
to  perfection. 

Tiie  liural  yew  Yorker  raises 
the  query  *' whether  the  Shan- 
non is  not  the  Ohio  Pippin, 
grown  under  a  favoralilc  soil  and 
climate.  We  have  two  trees  In 
our  experimental  orchard  of  the 
Shannon,  and  find  that  the  young 
wood  is  a  dark,  reddish-brown,  as 
dark  as  the  Ben  Davis  or  darker 
buds  very  prominent,  and  the  yAung 
■wood  as  wooly  and  downy  as  the  Ben 
Davis."  Downing  says  of  the  Ohio  Pippin  ; 
"Fruit  yellow,  with  mottled  red  In  the  sun. 
Says  also  of  its  flavor:  *'A  sharp,  sub-acid, 
quality  good."  We  find  no  mottled  red  in  all 
the  specimens  we  s;iw  in  New  Orleans,  nor  is  it 
sharp,  sub-acid  in  flavor  and  the  quality  we  find 
to  be  very  good,  and  belongs  to  the  class  of  apples 
of  which  Uie  Huntsman  may  be  taken  as  a  type. 


We  call  attention  to  our  article  on  Geometrids 
that  injure  the  apple.  The  word  '*  geometrid  "  is 
from  two  Greek  words,  which  mean  "earth 
measurers,"  as  they  have  the  habit  in  crawling 
of  looping  themselves,  then  lengthening  out,  as 
if  they  were  measuring  the  distance  thej- 
traverse,  ratheH-  than  creeping.  They  are  very 
destructive. 

It  is  not  too  late  to  graft  apple  trees,  even  In 
blossom,  although  it  is  better  to  graft  earlier. 
When  the  trees  are  in  blossom  the  bark  parts 
from  the  wood  very  easily,  and  care  must  be 
taken  in  grafting  to  cut  off  the  limbs  so  that  the 
bark  will  not  peel  from  the  wood,  or  the  grafting 
will  be  a  failure.  We  gave  much  valuable  infor- 
mation on  grafting  in  our  last  number. 


Mr.  J.  R.  McHeile,  Winthrop,  Dakota,  asks 
for  a  list  of  fruits  suitable  for  him  in  Dakota. 
We  saw  some  fine  apples  at  the  New  Orleans  Ex- 
position from  Dakota,  but  we  dare  not.  as  yet, 
recommend  a  list.    We  will  do  so  as  soon  as  pos- 


18,  I>ady  8.  For  market,  blacks.  Concord  17,  Wor- 
den  13,  Moore's  F^arly  !}.  Reds— Brighton  11,  Dela- 
ware 9.  White— Niagara  17,  Pocklingtou  G.  The 
reader  can  learn  much  from  the  vote. 


W.  W.  Jones,  in  TTie  Farmer  and  Fi-uit  Grower^ 
claims  that  varieties  of  apples  having  large, 
thick  leaves  are  the  hardiest  and  freest  from, 
mildew,  and  those  that  are  cottony  and  wooly 
on  the  underside,  the  most  hardy.  Those  varie- 
ties with  thin  leaves  are  the  least  vigorous  and 
hardy  in  Indiana,  and  are  liable  to  mildew.  Of 
the  thick,  large  leaved,  he  names  as  hardy  the 
Minkler,  Walbridge,  Missouri  Pippin,  Red  Astra- 
chan  Duchess,  Snow,  Rome  Beauty,  Ben  Davis. 
Wealthy.  *c.  Of  the  thin  leaved  kinds  he  men- 
tions Milan\,  Winesap,  Rawle's  Genat,  &c.  He 
also  claims  that  the  roots  of  the  thin  leaved 
varieties  are  not  as  sound  and  healthy  as  the 
other  kinds. 

COMMENTS  ON    OUR    STRAWBERRY    ISSUE. 

I  am  an  utter  disbeliever  in  the  theory  that  the 
pollen  affects  the  size,  shape,  or  flower  of  straw- 
berries.   The  Crescent  and  Green  Prolific  are 
two   very    peculiarly  shaped  berries.     I 
have  grown  them  and  seen  them  grow- 
ing on  different  soils,  and  with  vari- 
ous staminate  varieties,  and  they 
are  alwnvs  the  same.    The  Cres- 
cent  a.waj's    looked  as    if  the 
end  had  been  cut  off",  and  the 
Green   Prolific   always   had  a 
very   large   neck.  — W.  C. 
Steele,  Switzerland^  Fla. 


Faye's  Prolific  currant  has  the  reputation  of 
being  as  good  as  recommended.  The  currant 
seems  to  grow  in  popularity. 


Pear  orchards  set  In  grass  are  inuch  less  liable 
to  blight  than  when  cultivated  and  freely  man- 
ured.   The  trees  that  are  the  freest  growing  are 

the  first  to  blight. 

Remember  to  keep  all  the  suckers  that  start 
from  the  roots  of  trees  removed.  They  not  only 
make  the  tree  very  unsightly,  but  will  Injure  its 
growth.    Remove  them  early  and  often. 


We  dug  all  the  earth  away  from  our  apple  trees 
to  prevent  injury  from  mice,  and  have  had  none 
harmed  at  all,  while  last  year,  by  banking  up 
the  dirt,  we  had  serious  injury.  The  shrew  mice 
are  the  ones  that  injure  our  trees. 


J.  T.  Lovett  says  that  unleached  wood  ashes 
can  be  considered  a  specific  fertilizer  for  the 
Strawberry,  and  pure  ground  bone  a  specific 
fertilizer  for  the  Raspberry  ;  having  never  known 
an  instance  on  any  kind  of  soil  when  they  did 
not  produce  large  returns  in  the  fruits  as  named. 


The  cold  and  unusually  dry  winter  has  caused 
a  serious  damage  to  the  apple  trees  in  Indiana 
and  Illinois,  and  perhaps  other  Sta4:es.  Dry  win 
ters  are  as  bad  for  the  vitality  of  trees  as  the 
cold.  It  will  rob  a  tree  of  its  strength  very 
quickly.  Unless  trees  are  very  hardy  the  present 
winter  will  injure  many  of  them. 


There  is  the  usual  statement  now  being  circula- 
ted that  the  peach  crop  is  t<»  be  a  failure,  that  the 
cold  weather  has  killed  all  the  fruit  buds.  These 
statements  are  made  so  often  there  is  little  depen- 
dence to  be  placed  in  them.  The  peach  crop  is 
not  safe  until  the  peaches  are  as  large  in  diame- 
ter as  one's  finger.  The  dry  weather  in  spring 
will  often  caiuse  the  crop  to  be  very  light  from 
continued  dropping,  caused  by  dry  weather.  It 
is  too  soon  to  tell  what  the  poach  crop  may  be. 


{Exa<:t  shape  and  size.) 

siblc.  The  Farm  an"t>  Garrex  is  always  sure  it 
is  right  before  it  advises.  We  hope  to  be  able  to 
give  a  list  in  season  for  next  year's  planting. 


We  again  advise,  as  we  did  last  year,  the  use 
of  potash  In  the  peach  orchard.  Another  year's 
experience  only  confirms  what  we  said  last  year. 
Our  peach  orchards  need  potash,  and  the  yellows 
will  not  be  any  longer  a  serious  drawback  to 
peach  growing.  Potash  will  not  restore  a  tree 
that  is  injured  by  the  yellows,  but  will  prevent 
it  in  all  orchards  if  applied  when  the  trees  are 
set,  or  better  still,  before  setting. 


In  answer  to  the  question  put  by  the  Rural 
Next'  Yorker  to  many  of  the  leading  grape  grow- 
ers and  horticulturists  of  the  country,  "What 
two  each  of  black,  red,  and  white  grapes,  are 
the  best  for  home  use,  and  what  two  of  each  for 
market?  "  The  vote  was,  the  best  black  for  home 
use,  Concord  18,  Wordeu  17,  Moore's  Early  8. 
Reds— Brighton  17,  Delaware  14.  White— Niagara 


The  notes  on  raising  straw- 
berries in  April  number,  by 
Joseph,  have  .set  me  sigoing; 
for  the  thirty  past  years  I 
have  been  engtiged  in  grow- 
ing strawberries,  and  it  took 
nio  years  to  find  out  that  the 
same  berries  grown  on  ditlcr- 
ent  soils  were  not  the  saiwe 
berries  at  all.  I  have  had  thir- 
teen different  kinds  of  brag  berries 
all  at  one  time,  and  threw  away  all 
but  two  kinds  as  worthless  on  my 
grounds,  which  wjis  a  damp,  quick- 
sand soil.  The  only  kinds  that  did  well 
were  the  Triumph  de  Garnet  and  the 
Sharpless,  and  it  was  wonderful  to  sec  the 
crops  they  bore,  and  the  size  they  attained. 
Many  other  growers  have  entirely  discarded 
these  two  kinds  as  worthless,  while  I  could  not 
raise  their  favorites  to  any  profit.  I  therefore 
advise  strawberry  lovers  to  keep  trying  until 
they  find  the  kind  of  berries  that  fit  their  soil. 

J.  J.  Read,  Hannibal  Oentre,  Oiwryo  Co.,  N  Y. 

We  call  attention  to  our  article  on  Geometrids. 
It  is  full  and  practical;  worth  a  year's  subscrip- 
tion, any  way.  Wo  want  to  be  always  ahead,  on 
time,  and  in  season. 


Arenious  Acid,  common  white  arsenic,  will  do 
well  to  spray  trees  for  canker  worms.  It  mixes 
better  with  water,  and  will,  in  time,  be  largely 
used.  We  do  not  feel  prejjared  to  give  the  pro- 
portions, but  believe  it  will  be  safe  to  use  one 
pound  to  1200  pounds  of  water.  Where  the  trees 
are  but  lightly  sprayed,  they  will  bear  more  of 
the  arsenic,  but  if  done  by  heavy  dreuebings  the 
adhering  arsenic,  will  injure  the  foliage.  Will 
some  of  our  readers,  who  have  used  the  white 
arsenic,  write  us  how  they  like  it,  and  the  proper 
proportions  to  use  ? 


Mease  menlirm  THE  FARyf  AXD  GARDEN. 


CURRANTS-RASPBERRIES. 

Chei-ry  nnd  Versnillaisc  iiinstly  one  vear  old  plants. 
Several  tbousaiul  fxiru  No.  1— No.  2.  Also  a  quantitv 
of  Cathbert  Rii.*tpbcrf5  Plants.  Prices  reasonahjp. 
FHwnrH  Harris  chiciiequaa  fruit  farm. 
cawara  narrt^,  Moorcetown, Burlington Oo.,n,j: 


I 


NIAUARA  WHITE  GRAPE.  MAELEOEO  Easpberr^. 
H.S.Ain)ESSOH  DpionSpnnjp  NY.  Catalogne/rg' 


183S-1S84.    THE  LARGEST 

AM>  MOST   BEAOTII'II, 

EA.FILY  PEAR. 

lipeiiiii;;  in  tViural  N-nv  Yitrk  early  la 
July,  aiul  sells  at  highest  prices.  Send  lor 
hisloryof  Origi  ul  Trt-e.  100  yrs.  old. 
lfc«'  lieadquartpvs  tor  KIKFFER 
l*earM,     PA  It  K  V      Strawberries. 

WILSON   JINIOU    Itlarklxrries, 

MAKliUOKO    UaMpbenit's,     and    (;KAPES. 
WILLIAM     PARRY,    Parry   P.  O.,   New    Jersey. 


GRAPE 


VINKS— Po'keepsie,  Red  Ulster 
Prolific.  MA<;AKA,and  .,lli,r 
iildandnrir  ranef  iM.StrawberrieH 
Blackberries  ItlAKl.ROUO  Si 
■  7^«^T  w^-,..,  .u.  ..  other  Raspberries.  Oataloeue /Vee 
JOIil,  HOKNKK  &  .SON,  ilferchanlvill?;  N.  J. 


STR 
.And   nt 


AGENTS 


WANTED 

■     Olllcsl      ('>lllhli-.||l(l      Hllll 


larsost  NrnsKK  I  l-;s  in  iNr  Shin~.  l'M«i>lish.'Cl 
lft46.  EnsinesH  (•:i'«il)  learnt'il.  Km  terms,  arldre^a 
W.  &  T.  .S^IITII,  I     lieva  Nmserj,  (Jrilevn,  N.  Y. 


AWBERRIES 

thpr  CHOICE  SMALL  FRUITS. 

GREENHOUSE  AND  BEDDING  PLANTS. 

SKE   IT>lXSTRATi:n  f'ATAI,Of;|]E.  FRKF. 

pen    I     Mil  I  CD    Rii>*iFwooi>  vriisKKrEs, 
UtU.  L.  iniLLtn,     STOCKTON,  ohio. 


BERRY  CRATES  and  BASKETS. 

Cr:il..-v,  n.-);niari.-  Criitv.^.  llrrrT 
I'.nski;!^.  1ii>rli  uls.  nii'l  pts.  ;  Peach 
Biiski'ts  nnd  GrnpL-  Ka.xkt-i.q  nil  of 
ih^'  ii<:9t  d'-simi'i.  aiiti  tonmifacinrcil 
of  tlir  hcRi  material  In  the  ln>nl 
iiiamHT.  ■■  The  beat  Is  alnay*  ihe 
clifiipL'-i."  Thone  wlin  want  ibe 
hist ,  and  arc  williits  ro  pav  a  lair  price  for  thorn.  wtU  iiiea-;p  si-ml  for 
ciri:ulur.  UKLik-d  1  cu  luj|>]ilicLiuts.   J.  T.  Lovctt,  Little  SUvm:A\J. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


APPLE    GEOMETRIDS. 

We  receive  many  inquiries  about  the  canlter 
worm  on  the  apple  trees,  and  we  deem  it  best  to 
give  an  article  upon  the  worms,  tliat  to  the  com- 
mon observer,  appear  like  canker  worms,  of 
which  there  are  four  kinds  that  appear  simi- 
lar. They  are  called  geometrids,  from  two  Greek 
words,  meaning  earth-measurers,  from  their 
habit  of  walking,  which  is  to  loop  themselves  up 
and  then  reach  out  their  entire  length,  and  then 
loop  up  again,  as  if  measuring  the  distance  they 
traverse. 

The  most  common  of  these  geometrids  is  the 
true  canker  worm  [Paleacriia  veniata,  Peck),  or 
Spring  Canker  Worm,  named  from  the  eggs  be- 
ing laid  in  the  spring,  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
Fall  Canker  Worm,  which  is  much  less  widely 
distributed,  but  equally  as  destructive. 


Figure  1. 

The  cut,  fig^ire  1,  sliows  at  the  left-hand  lower 
corner  the  female,  wliich  is  wingless,  the  winged 
male  at  the  upper  right-hand  corner,  and  the 
■worm  is  shown  between  them.  The  female  lays 
the  eggs  in  early  spring  in  the  branches  ot  the 
tree,  usually  in  irregular  ma-sses  of  from  one 
hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  in  a  place,  and 
an  any  spot  in  the  tree  where  convenient.  As 
soon  as  hatched  they  attack  the  young  leaves, 
and  often  in  backward  springs  will  devour  the 
buds  before  the  leaves  appear.  They  rapidly  in- 
crease in  size,  and  are  usually  full  grown  in  ilay 
or  June.  They  are  then  about  three-fourtlis  of 
an  incli  to  a  full  inch  in  length.  They  are  usu- 
ally dark  olive-green  or  a  brownish-green  in 
color,  although  it  varies  so  much  that  there  are 
grey,  and  even  yellow  ones  among  them.  They 
consume  the  leaves  of  the  apple  when  numerous, 
and  allow  only  the  skeleton  of  the  leaf  to  remain. 
They  make  the  orchard  appear  as  if  Are  had 
been  through  it. 

The  worms,  when  alarmed  by  jarring  or  a 
heavy  wind,  will  let  themselves  down  by  a  silken 
thread  and  hang  suspended  from  it.  When  very 
numerous  the  tree  will  be  a  mass  of  these  webs, 
and  be  stripped  entirely  of  foliage.  In  June  the 
worms  enter  tlie  ground  at  tlie  depth  of  three  or 
four  inches  and  form  a  cocoon.  They  appear 
again  in  tlie  form  as  we  see  in  figure  1,  perfect  in- 
sects, and  begin  the  destruction. 


Figure  2. 

We  give  in  figure  2  the  Fall  Canker  Worm  {An- 
isopterix  pomefrma,  Harr.)  It  is  very  similar  in 
all  respects  to  the  Spring  Canker  Worm,  except 
that  the  eggs  are  laid  in  the  fall,  and  the  worm 
has  two  short  pro-legs  on  the  eighth  .joint.  Their 
cocoons  are  made  of  sti'ong,  spun  silk,  and  will 
not  be  destroyed  by  fall  plowings  and  freezing, 
as  the  spring  species  will  be,  which  shows  that 
they  are  of  a  more  fragile  character. 

The  question  will  be  asked,  "How  can  the.v 
spread  so  rapidly  ?  "  From  the  habit  of  su.spend- 
ing  themselves  by  silken  webs  from  the  trees, 
the.y  are  carried  b,v  passing  vehicles,  or  even 
trains,  birds,  or  animal.s  to  distant  points,  where 
they  find  a  lodgment,  and  will  soon  multiply. 


Figure  3, 

Figure  3  gives  the  appearance  of  the  Lime-tree 
Winter  Moth  (Hybernia  tiliaria,  Harr.),  another 


larger  worm  of  the  same  character  as  the  other 
geometrids  we  have  described.  The  worms  when 
full  grown  are  an  inch  and  a  quarter  long.  They 
are  only  of  a  yellow  color,  with  many  narrow 
black  bands  running  the  length  of  the  body. 
The  underside  of  the  worm  is  of  a  paler  color. 
The  head  is  of  a  dull  red  color.  The  female,  as 
shown  in  the  lower  left-hand  corner  of  figure  3, 
is  wingless,  while  the  male  has  large,  delicate 
wings.  They  are  like  their  class  when  grown; 
form  their  cocoons  in  the  ground,  and  appear  as 
perfect  insects  according  to  the  season,  both  fall 
and  spring. 


Figure  U. 


We  illustrate  the  White  Engonia  {Eugonia  .nib- 
signariu,  Hubu.)  in  figure  4,  giving  the  male  and 
the  worm  in  the  cut.  The  female  is  also  winged, 
and  is  very  similar  to  the  male  in  form  and 
color.  The  Eugonia  is  very  troublesome  in  Geor- 
gia. The  caterpillar,  in  color,  is  a  dark  brown; 
head  large  and  red,  as  is  also  the  terminal  seg- 
ment. These  worms,  when  numerous,  will  de- 
vour the  leaves  of  any  species  of  tree.  The  worm 
will  change  to  a  chrysalis,  and  in  a  few  days  the 
perfect  moth  appears.  The  Eugonias  are  not,  as 
the  canker  worms,  single-brooded,  but  the  broods 
are  often  double  and  overlapping  each  other. 

Enemies  of  all  these  worms  are  blrd.s,  among 
which  is  the  despised  English  sparrow.  There 
are  also  large  numbers  of  insect  enemies.  The 
Microgasters,  Tachna  flies,  Platygaster  flies.  Pot- 
ter wasps,  and  ground  beetles  devour  many  of 
them.  Ho  will  hogs,  if  allowed  to  run  in  the  or- 
chard, root  up  the  cocoons  and  devour  the  chrys- 
alides. P'all  or  winter  plowing,  with  freezing, 
will  burst  the  earthy  cocoons  of  the  Spring  spe- 
cies and  destroy  them,  as  they  are  not  as  strong 
and  silky  as  those  of  the  Fall  species. 

The  most  powerful  remed.v  is  arsenical  poison. 
Bands  of  tin  or  muslin  coated  with  tar  or  print- 
er's ink,  placed  around  tlie  tree  to  stop  the  ascent 
of  the  wingless  female,  are  used,  but  as  practiced 
by  the  ordinary  farmer,  will  be  of  little  use,  as 
they  require  dally  attention  the  entire  fall  and 
winter  until  Ma.v,  the  bands  are  troublesome.  If 
they  are  neglected  they  are  useless,  so  much  so 
that  we  only  advise  a  sure  and  easy  remedy, — 
that  of  spraying  the  trees,  at  once,  upon  appear- 
ance of  the  worms.  Use  one  pound  of  Paris 
green,  well  stirred,  witii  one  hundred  gallons  of 
water.  London  purple  will  also  be  useful  wheti 
used  in  the  same  wa.v,  but  will  injure  the  foliage 
more  than  the  Paris  green.  Use  any  force  pump 
and  a  fine  rose  sprinkler  attached  to  a  long  pole 
and  supplied  with  the  water  by   a  small  hose 


leading  to  the  force  pump.  The  cost  is  small 
when  you  have  the  pump  and  hose.  You  can 
spray  a  large  orchard  for  less  than  five  cents  per 
tree.  Once  will  generally  be  suflScient,  though 
sometimes  it  will  be  required  twice.  Late  frosts 
often  kill  the  entire  brood  of  worms  and  exter- 
minate them  so  completely  as  to  be  hardly  ob- 
servable for  years. 

Last  year  the  worms  appeared  to  be  very  wide- 
spread, and  if  no  late  frosts  occur,  will  this  year 
be  a  scourge  to  the  apple  orchards  if  not  de- 
stroyed. Do  not  pasture  stoclc  in  the  orchards 
you  Paris  green,  for  the  grass  will  be  poisoned  by 
it.  We  have  tried  to  give  all  the  main  facts  in 
regard  to  these  worms  as  fully  as  space  will 
allow. 

COMMENTS    FROM    THE    PEOPLE. 


George  Pindar,  Cohleskill,  N.Y. :  "I  could  not  get  along 
without  The  Faum  axd  Garden." 

Mrs.  H,  S.  Scott,  Longmont.  Col. :  "I,  like  so  many 
others,  cannot  see  how  you  can  give  so  much  for  so 
little." 

A.  F.  Swank.  Davidsville  Pa. :  "I  tried  to  ds  without 
your  valuable  paper,  but  I  (ound  1  was  without  my  best 
companion." 

Charles  Campbell,  Holly,  Orleans  County.  N.  Y. :  "  I 
like  Thk  Farm  and  Garden  very  much.  I  think  it  is 
a  bright  little  paper." 

Mrs.  J.  C  Wilson,  Pine  Plains,  Duchess  Countj',  N.  Y.: 
*'  I  received  a  sample  copy  of  The  Farm  and  Garden, 
with  which  I  am  well  pleased." 

Albert  N.  Gary,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Mich. :  "  I  think  The 
Farm  and  Garden  is  the  best  paper  I  have  ever  taken. 
It  is  both  handsome  and  instructive." 

William  E.  Hammond,  Sweet  Air,  Md. :  "Your  valua- 
ble little  paper  came  to  hand,  and  I  can  only  say  I  never 
enjoyed  a  paper  more  than  1  did  it." 

C.  P.  Johnson,  TMurman,  Kan.:  "I  have  taken  your 
paper  one  year,  and  would  not  be  without  it.  I  am  very 
glad  to  be  able  to  send  \ou  my  renewal." 

I.  H.  McClun;,',  Morriltnn.  Ark.  :  "I  highly  appreciate 
The  Farm  and  (iarden,  and  would  not  do  without  it 
for  §5.00.  if  I  could  raise  the  money  to  get  it." 

Jno.  Blue,  Duart,  Ontaria,  Can.:  "The  paper  gives 
splendid  satisfaction.  I  do  not  see,  for  the  life  ot  me, 
why  any  person  wants  to  be  asked  more  than  once  to 
take  it." 

Jirs.  S.  M.  Mason,  Ord,  Neb. :  "  I  am  delighted  with 
your  spicy,  instructive  little  paper,  and  have  determined 
that  my  Iriends  shall  have  the  privilege  of  enjoying  the 
readii^g  of  it." 

Jno.  P.  Cupp.  Helena,  Jlont. :  "  r  have  taken  your 
paper  for  over  a  year,  and  I  like  it  the  best  of  any  paper 
1  lake.  It  has  paid  for  itself  a  hundred  times  by  telling 
me  how  to  keep  chickens." 

Mrs.  Sarah  BulterSeld,  Steven's  Point.  Wis. :  "  I  have 
this  day  received  my  premium  roses,  and  have  just  set 
tliem  out.  They  look  as  fresh  as  though  they  had  never 
been  disturbed.    Many  thanks." 

Colin  C.  Thomas.  Jamestown,  Dak. :"  Your  sample 
copy  and  premium  list  holh  rcn-ived  ;  many  thanks  for 
them.  I  takt-hi-vfijil  aKii'nltni;il  publications,  but  the 
Farm  AND  Gai!I)|-:n  fills  u  \  aruiil  iilac-e." 

WpikIc'H  u.  Wilisi...  S(,Mih  West  (iswego,  N.  Y.  :"The 
Fihniaiy  ;uid  .M;irch  Miiniln'is  nl  papers  received,  also 
|.ack:i.;,.  .,1  s,-,cls  rriiiii  M:iiil,-.  When  I  raise  the  111- 
pnniid  w:aciiiu'l(.ii  I  will  invite  ym\  to  a  picnic  on  the 
shore  of  bake  Ontario." 

M.  A.  Darling.  Vicksburg.  Mich. :  "  We  take  The 
F.vRM  AND  Gakdk.'C,  and  Fsaw  a  notice  ot  packing  egg 
ill  ashes.     Xow  I  lia\  e  found  tu  niv  cost  that  it  will  not 

do  to  |iiil  ciins  ill  \v 1  iislji-K.     I  iiifd  it,  packed  them 

dry  ill  .-locks  111  .Scpiciiihcr  and  Or-tuhcr,  and  at  the 
liolida.\-  season,  when  liiej'  were  twenty-four  cents  per 
dozen,  they  were  all  made  into  soap. 

C.  D.  Lander,  Corn  Hill  P.  O.:  "I  must,  in  justice  to 
my  own  feelings,  here  state  that  I  have  subscribed  to 
papers  of  one  kind  or  another  for  the  last  30  years,  and 
have  never  met  with  more  thorough  satisfaction  as  to 
punctuality  and  vaUiable  reading  matter,  cost  consider- 
ed, than  1  have  received  from  the  publisliers  of  the 
Farm  and  Gakden.    I  wish  you  much  success." 


Plemr  mrntinn  THE  FAR.U  AXIi  (iAEDEN. 


Strawberry      Raspberry,      Blackberry. 
Currants,  Grapes, 

Ir  1         I  1.1  r.  -n.,1   ,M,,|  n,.^^   .  .■iri..-tics. 

M  x\  kiiite.  Marlltopo.  Kiirlv  Clii»i- 
^^  r.  1  .1%.  Miiuitra.  loimt.  Kii-fTcr, 
J*<  ]it  li     I  M  I  H,  \y.    ."^cikI   fur  I'ltta- 

T      ir;  JOHNS. COLUWS, 


o 

M 

E 
T 


E 


NIAGAR.A  WHITE  GRAPE.  MARLBORO  Raspberry. 
H.  S.  AndehbON,  Union  Springs.  N.Y^'Ciitalogue  r'r'^e 


p.  ORNAMENTAL  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

C'ATAI.OGl'E  :»lAIl.Kn  ON  APl'I.U'ATIOX. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

RlilQe  and  Lehiah  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice  Trees.  Vines,  and  Plants.  .411  the  new  varieties. 
Manchester  Strawberries,  Hansen  Raspberries,  KietTer 
Pear  Trees.  Peach  Trees  a  siieeially.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red  Bank    N.  J. 

MARLBORO    RASIMtERRY,     POKEEPSIE 
REU,  ULSTER  PROLII'Ii:.  and  Duchess  Grapes. 

Send    to    the    originators    for   description  and   terms. 
A.  J.  CAYWOOD  &  SONS,  Marlboro,  New  York. 


STRAWBERRIES ! 

.>liii    lime  ii'i    ilie  best   taily,  Coiinef-iiriit  Queen 
1nT    laii-,      >lni>lbnro  and    Rnnroras  If  iispberries. 
Wilmin  Jr.  RIaeUberrv.      CA'I'A  I,(m;i'P:  sent  free. 
SA»H  I:L  (.  UR  tOU,  l>liK.ie^t.i«n,  N.  J. 

^'ftFRUITEROraS' KNIFE 

Has  Pruning,  Jack,  and  Budding  or  Speying 
blades,  cut  gives  e.xact  size.  Price,  by  mail, 
SI. 00:  3  lor  S'i-.'JO.  Blades  iile  tested,  and 
replaced  Iree  if  solt  or  flawy.  Large  Primer, 
Sl.OO;  Pruninn  .Shears.  Sl.OO:  Pocket  Prun- 
ing Saw.  $1.00.  Cattle  Knile,  SI. 
Boys'  l-blade,  a.5  cents.;  Stronj 

2-blade,  .'iOcI.s.!  Ladies, 

2.blade  Pearl,  .50  cIs.; 

Gents'  flue  .3-blade,  SI. 

4S-PAGE    LIST     FREE. 

Also,   "How  to  me  a 

Im  i'iosH, 

76   SUMMIT  STKEET, 
TOLEDO,    O. 


THE  FARM   AND  GARDEN. 


CLEMATIS   LANEGUINOSA  CANDIDA. 


Our  cut  of  lliis  hcautilul  climbing  vine,  was 
taken  from  a  pliolograph  of  a  piant  tliree  to  four 
years  planted.  This  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  the 
new,  large,  ever-blooming  Clematis.  The  flowers 
are  borne,  a-s  sliown  by  the  cut,  in  tlie  greatest 
profusion,  and  every  individual  flower  measures 
from  si.x  to  nine  inches  across.  It  is  avery  rapid 
grower  and  very  hardy,  standing  the  severity  of 
our  cold  Northern  winters  in  the  most  exposed 
situation,  without  any  protection  whatever.  Its 
season  for  blooming  is  from  June  to  October. 
The  flowers,  when  opening,  are  of  a  pale  laven- 
der, changing  to  pure  white  when  fully  expanded. 
They  are  suitable  for  almost  any  location  where 
a  handsome  climbing  vine  is  effective.  They  are 
not  subject  to  insects  of  any  kind,  which  is  an 
Important  item  for  consideration.  They  are  a 
comparatively  new  plant,  and  should  be  seen  in 
bloom  to  be  appreciated.  We  predict  for  the 
large  flowering  class  of  Clematis  a  brilliant 
future,  as  each  year  seems  to  bring  forth  new 
jind  improved  varieties. 


boxes   you  may  set  them  out  now  when  there  is 
no'mo're  danger  from  frost.   Bear  in  mind  to  press 
the  soil  flrmly,  and  to  spread  out  the  roots  in  a 
natural  manner,  not  all  bunched  together.  Water 
the  plants  well  as  soon  a.s  in  the  ground,  and  if 
the  sun  is  strong,  it  will  be  advisable  to  protect 
them  bv  covering  with   tissue  or,   in  fact,  any 
other  kind  of  paper,  at  least  for  the  first  two  or 
tliree  days.    Do  not  crowd  too  many  things  m  a 
small  bed    Give  each  .specimen  plenty  of  room, 
s.ithat  the  light  can  reach  it  all  around.  Slendcr- 
Krowing  subjects  should  be  staked  as  soon  as  they 
require  it;  otherwise,  the  first  strong  wind  or 
rain  will  break  them  off  and  spoil  them.    Low- 
LMowing  plants,  the  flowers  of  which  are  ea-sily 
soiled  by  rain,  will  be  benefitted  by  a  mulching 
of  green  moss.    This  will  prevent  the  splashing  of 
tlie  soil,  and  besides,  keep  the  earth  cool  during 
the  hot  summer  months.    We  remember  visiting 
a   garden   where    almost  every  plant    was   sur- 
rounded by  a  square  frame,  like  the  four  sides  of 
a  box,  not  more  than  ajj  inch  and  a  half  deep. 
These  frames  were  pressed   into  the  ground  to 
the  depth  of  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch,  and 
were  filled  with  nice,  clean,  green  moss,  leaving 
only  a  small  open  space  around  the  stem  of  the 
plant.    It  did  not  look  badly,  even  if  not  aitisticj 
The  effect  could  be  varied  by  altering  the  shapes 
of  the  frames  to  triangles,  diamonds,  circles,  etc., 
and  surrounding  with  small  growing  Echeveriius 
or  succulents.    The  edgings  can  be  made  gay  by 
using  the  now  justly  popular  yellow  Pyrethrum. 
To  have  a  liberal  supply  of  these  plants  is  half 
Ihc  battle.    -V  dozen  pots  .should  be  filled  with 
fine  soil,  and  watered,  of  course,  being  previously 
well  drained  with  broken  oyster  shells,  charcoal, 
etc.    An  hour  after  watering,  sow  the  seeds  very 
carefully,  evenly,  and  thinly.  Cover  merely  with 
a  dusting  of  iiglit  soil,  sufficient  to  hide  the  seeds. 
These  sliould  be  kept  moist  with  tepid  water,  and 
while  on  the  hot  beds,  will,  if  covered  with  boards, 
germinate  quickly,  and  the  young  plants  appear 
in  about  nine  days.    When  large  enough  to  han- 
dle—say half  an  inch  bigh— they  should  l>e  placed 
In  shallow  boxes,  in  fine  soil,  and  again  returned 
to  the  bed.    Though  hardy,  that  Is  to  say   those 
plants  of  mature  growth,  the  seedlings  should  be 
gradually  hardened  ort'  until  planting-out  time 
arrives,  whii-h  Is  about  the'  second  or  third  week 
in   May.    As  before  mentioned,  this  bed  might 
also  be  used  for  striking  cuttings  of  variegated 
ticranlum.s  for  foliage  oltect.   That  known  under 
the  name  of  Sliver  Nosegay  is  worth  a  pl.-u'e,  with 
many  others  of  variegated  foliage,  such  as  Mrs. 
Pollock,  Mrs.  Rundle,  and  more  recent  kinds. 
.MeEenbryanthemum     Cordlfoliuin    Variegatum 
might  also  bo  increa-sed  by  phuing  cuttings  in 
sandy  soil  and  giving  a  little  bottom  heat.    This 
plant  lia-s  always  succeeded  with  us  and  sends  up 
its  minute  lilac  bloom  in  quantity.     It  ccmibines 
well  In  efTect  with  Pyrethrum,  producing  a  most 
rllliant  edging.    They  may  be  replanted  pretty 
close  together.    For  edging  beds,  Kcheveria  Re- 
insa  is  a  most  desirable  plant,  it  Is  more  famil- 
iarly known  under  the  name  of  Houseleek.    It 
produces  a  good  etl'ect,  sending  up  spikes  of  deli- 
cious orange  and  scarlet  bloom,  which  form  a 
decided  contrast  to  the  blueish  tone  of  the  plant. 
I'hey  can  be  increased  by  side-shoots,  which  soon 
ipi'car  in  good  soil. 

Some  Goon  Asntals. 
Kr<mi  the  multitude  of  varieties  oflered  in  the 
sarious  catalogues,  it  is  difficult  for  the  inexperi- 
enced to  selivt  tbosi'  which  are  the  best  and  most 
suitable  for  beds  and  biirders.  In  large  gardens, 
a  great  variety  can  be  grown  ;  but  where  space  is 
limited,  a  severe  selection  has  to  be  made. 
Among  dwarf  plants,  we  might  mention  Lepto- 
siphon  Rosens,  a  beautiful  shell  pink,  free  flow- 


ering plant,  requiring  to  be  sown  early.  Silene 
Pendula  Compacta,  and  Compacta  Alba,  %vell- 
known  neat  plants,  best  sown  in  autumn.  Sapou- 
aria  Calibrica,  very  neat  in  light  soils.  Kaul- 
fussia  Amelloides,  a  pretty  blue  daisy.  Nolana, 
a  plant  with  blue  and  white  flowers  that  creep 
along  the  ground;  good  for  rockeries.  Whitlavia 
Gloxiniuides,  a  neat  plant  with  bell  flowers,  blue,, 
with  white  throats.  Bartonea  Aurea,  a  very 
showy  yellow  annual.  Yellow,  sweet  Sultan  (best 
sown  in  autumn).  Viscaria  of  several  kinds,, 
pretty  annuals  with  white  and  pink  flowers. 
Erysimum  .Vrkansara,  a  good  yellow  annual, 
and  Erysimum  Peroflskianum,  orange.  There- 
are,  of  course,  many  other  desirable  kinds,  but 
the  above  will  make  a  nice  collection. 

Among  the  taller  kinds  we  may  mention  the 
White  Rocket  Candytuft,  which  has  fine,  massive 
spikes  of  flowers.  Crimson  Flax  is  very  showy. 
Lupins  are  fine  if  well  grown  ;  all  are  good,  es-pe- 
cially  Hartwegl,  Medziezi,  and  Hybridus  Atro- 
Coccineus. 

Godetias  are  among  the  most  satisfactory  of 
annuals  of  medium  height.  Duchess  of  Albany, 
Lady  .\lbemarle.  Princess  of  Wales,  and  Lady 
Satin  Rose,  are  all  good.  The  Bride  is  also  a 
useful  kind. 

Clarkias  flower  iiuickly,  and  are  useful  annuals. 
There  are  two  distinct  races— Clarkia  Elegans, 
and  C.  Pulcbclla.  There  are  pure  white  and 
double  varieties  of  both. 

Convolvulus  Minor  is  a  good  blue  annual  for 
clumps. 

Chrysanthemums  (annual),  single  and  double, 
are  Indispensable. 

Coreopsis  is  a  usefiil  annual  for  all  positions, 
the  stem  and  foliage  are  so  inconspicuous  that 
the  flowers  seem  to  wave  in  the  air. 

Centaurea  Cyanns  (the  common  blue  Corn- 
Flower)  is  one  of  the  best  of  annuals,  and  deserves 
a  place  in  almost  any  garden. 

Poppies  are  showy  things  for  large  boi-rfers.. 
The  Opium  Poppies  are  very  showy,  but  are  soom 
over. 

Papaver  Umbrosum,  and  its  varieties,  Dane- 
brog,  Victoria  Cross,  and  Mephlsto  deserve 
mention  also. 

Larkspurs  are  a  fine  series,  the  stock-flowered 
variety  being  especially  good. 

Sweet  Peas  are  favorites  with  everybody,  they 
should  be  sown  early,  when  they  produce  a  long 
series  of  blooms  if  prevented  from  seeding. 

Trop.eoi.ums 
Are  good  for  poor  soils  aw.d  hot  positions.  TIio 
Tom  Thumb  King  varieties,  of  which  there  are 
many,  are  very  showy,  they  are  short-lived,  but 
a  succession  can  be  started  In  small  pot.s,  and 
planted  out  when  large  enough.  This  is  the 
best  way  to  grow  them,  as  they  have  weak 
steins  at  the  surfai'c  of  the  soil,  and  break  off 
there  in  windy  weather.  Planting  out  from  the 
pots,  with  tlie  balls  rather  deep,  takes  them 
down  to  a  stronger  part  of  the  stem.  The  new 
Compactum  section  last  much  longer  in  bloom, 
especially  Empress  of  India. 

The  soil  for  annuals  should  be  good,  but  is 
better  without  manure:  any  kinds  that  require 
better  feeding  can  have  liquid  manure  or  surface 
dressings.  Failures  with  sc.-ds  are  gcnerall.v 
owing  to  the  soil  In  whicli  tbe  .seeds  are  sown 
not  being  sufficiently  fine  In  texture.  Early 
sowing  is  an  advantage,  but  It  Is  better  not  to 
sow  when  the  soil  lsdarap,or  still  cold  from  frost. 
Sowing  in  small  pots  Is  a  good  way  when  the 
trouble  is  not  objected  to.  Thinning  out  is  also 
important.  Every  plant  should  have  room  for 
full  development.  Crowded  annuals  product; 
small  blooms,  and  are  soon  over.  The  great 
thing  is  to  get  a  good  sized  plant  before  blooming 


5CKNTS   EACH   for   BE  D  D  I.  NG  PLANTS. 
IJO*;!'"*  VKRY  LOW.     Semi   lor   CatnloBue. 
E.  I.  ViXON  &  SON.  CRATTAHOOBA.  TEMH. 


14forS1.00 
(i    "         ..50 

THOMAS  G.   HAROLD 


ROSES 


Ist  Qnnlily  only. 

klOO.OOO    Plant),     ut 
cQiially  low    prlc-ei.- 
Kliig$ton,   Somerset  t*..   Mamlanil. 


The  late  spring  will  enable  many  who  have 
delayed  sowing  seeds  and  setting  out  plants  to 
do  so  now.  No  time  has  been  lost,  for  the  weather 
has  been  too  cold  to  enable  any  but  the  hardiest 
plants  to  make  any  growth.  Summer  blooming 
annuals  sho\ilil,  of  course,  he  sown  at  once  ;  or.  if 


cLEiTis  mmm 


The  best  and  freest  blooming  of  all  the  while  varie- 
ties of  the  new  Hvbrid  Clemalis.  Bend  for  illustrated 
price-list.     JOSEPH  KIFT.  West  Chester.  Pa. 


CARNATION  PINKg 

nfRltr  Derdoz. :  SI  for  two  doz. :  Sl.-lO  tor  uiree  qoz.. 
etc  send  for  our  relnil  .lescrlptive  price-list  and  choose 
vour  varieties  Parties  desiring  hy  llie  100  or  1009  should 
^end  fo?  our  trade  lis,,  inho.h  of  which  are  short  direc- 
tions for  plant- JHOS.  F.  SEAL,  c'l.'JJPer  Co^^V^: 


LARGEST  COLLECTION  IN  W^^ 
AMERICA.  CheipaiCMd  Rnei. 

Knclr.se  'itanip  for  ratalocue,  which  will  give  nrnccical 
iiistriiclioiis  how  to  orow  theie  Queens  ol'Flowers. 
Rosebank  Hiirte:lei.  1         A       'RmplcPTirids'e 
t.labll.hed  1854.  ^-    ■''^**^'^'r."^*"8'''     , 

^ff■nf^<'n  thi\  i>apf:r  \    Govanstown.  Batllmore  C»..  ItIcI. 


THE  NEW  RED  TEA  ROSE, 
WILLIAM    FRANCIS 

eujtetT 


Plants  will  be  ready  for  delivery  on  and  after 
March  15tli.  1SS.'5.    Tor  terms  plea.se  address 
CHAS.  F.  EVANS.  Station  F,  Pliiladelphin.  Pa. 


ing,  etc. 


WILD  FLOWERS  s°/e;;rd:.'Lin^ 

"rns.  Alpine.  &c.    SEND   FOR  CAT.M.OGUE. 


you  have  laUcn  our  advice  and  started  them  in  1  EDWARD  GILLETTE,  SOUTH  WICK,  WIA&5> 


HARDY     PLANTS 

AND     JSTJX-mTE 


All  the  best  varieties,  losetber  with  many  noYclties. 

will  be  found  in  our  Descriptive  Catalogue,  at  low 

rates     Seni  free  to  nil  applicants. 

WOOLSON  &  CO.,  '      ■        


Lock  Drawer  E,  Pn.ssaic.  N.  J. 


THE   FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


begins.  If  a  plant  begins  blooming  in  too  small 
a  state  it  is  a  good  plan  to  pincli  out  the  bloom 
buds  as  they  appear,  and  give  good  feeding  and 
water,  if  dry,  so  as  to  encourage  the  production 
of  leaves  instead  of  flowers.  This  pustijonemcut 
of  the  bliiouiing  season  generally  insures  a  better 
bloom  when  the  plants  are  lai-ge  enough.  All 
flowers  should  be  picked  ofl  as  soon  as  faded. 

PETt'XIAS. 

The  comparative  ease  with  which  Petunias 
can  be  raised,  should  tend 
to  make  them  more  large- 
t>'  grown  than  they  are. 
When  it  is  constantly  de- 
clared that  seed  of  these 
and  other  plants  must  be 
raised  in  heat,  thousands 
of  lovers  of  flowers  are 
hindered  from  sowing 
them.  Heat  is,  of  course, 
an  advantage  where  it  is 
at  command.  In  plant; 
ing  out  seedlings  of  Pet 
nias  for  the  making  of  a 
massof  growth  and  bloom, 
it  is  well  to  have  the  plants 
strong  enough  to  admit  ot 
pinching  at  once,  so  that 
a.11  over  the  bed  the  growth 
is  the  more  dense  and 
compact.  It  is  a  pity  that 
they  are  now  used  so  lit- 
tle, yet  the.v  are  theeasie.st 
grown  of  specimen  plant.s,  and  certainly  when  in 
bloom,  among  the  gayest.  That  we  have  now  so 
many  kinds,  both  single  and  double,  and  fringed, 
renders  this  apparent  neglect  all  the  more  inex- 
plicable. No  doubt  plants  produced  by  cuttings 
yield  the  best  pot  specimens.  .Still,  seedling  plants 
will  do  the  same,  being  grown  in  three  inch  pots 
first,  then  shifted  until  eight  or  nine-inch  pots 
are  filled.    If  during  all  the  period  of  growth 


across,  and    literally  masses    of   bloom.     They 

would  also  continue  to  flower  in  rich  proportion 

j  for  a  long  time,  and  will  repay  for  the  labor 

involved    in    their    cultivation.     We   illustrate 

herewith  the  ordinary  Petunias,  as  well  as  the 

new  fringed,  both  single  and  double. 

Vases  and  Ba,skets. 

In  their  proper  place,  and  in  due  proportion, 

vases  and  baskets  are  indispensible  in  the  flower 

garden,  but  not  unlrequently  they  are  used  out 


■y5«Ss 


New  Singi.e  Fringed  Petunias. 

and  shifting  the  plants  have  been  well  pinched, 
well  exposed  to  the  air  and  freely  watered,  they 
should  then  be  at  libert.v  to  grow  away  freely, 
and    make    noble    specimens,  some    three    feet 


PETtTNiA  Varieties. 

of  all  proportion  to  the  style  of  the  garden  and  its 
surroundings,  in  which  case  they  become  objec- 
tionable. Perhaps  the  tendency  to  over-decorate 
in  this  way  must  be  credited  to  the  severely  geo- 
metrical plan  of  many  gardens.  A  pair  of  vases 
on  the  pedestal  of  steps,  and  others  on  the  turf 
at  the  angles  of  the  most  formal  divisions  of  the 
garden,  to  break  the  line  somewhat,  are  about 
all  that  are  ever  required  The  many  plants  used 
for  these  are  so  well  known  that  no  description 
of  them  is  required;  still  to  refresh  your  memory, 
we  will  mention  Ivies,  Periwinkles,  Fradescantia, 
Fropaeolum,  Honeysuckles,  Lobelias  Kenil- 
worth  Ivy,  Colius,  Geraniums,  Fuchsias,  etc. 

Ci.em.4tis  Crispa. 
Our  friends,  Hallock,  Son  A  Thorpe,  have 
awakened  an  immense  interest  in  Clematis  since 
the  introduction  of  "Jaokmanii"  and  "Coc- 
cinea"  (which  are  now  growing  in  all  well-kept 
gardens).  We  have  seen  nothing  prettier  than  the 
new  ''Clematis  Crispa,"  which  is  a  beautiful  and 
distinct  species.  The  flowers  resemble  in  shape 
some  of  the  elegant  bell-shaped  Lilies.  The  color 
is  of  the  most  beautiful  lavender-blue  tint  on 
the  surface  and  margin  ot  petals.  The  centres  of 
the  petals  are  an  opaque  white.  The  flowers  are 
of  a  thick,  leathery  texture,  perfumed  with  a 
delicious,  piquant,  bergamot  flavor.  It  is  of  re- 
markably free  growth,  robust,  quite  hardy,  and 
very  free  flowering,  continuing  from  June  until 
frost.  It  must  become  as  popular  a  plant  as  the 
kinds  previously  mentioned.  Among  other  new 
Clematis  we  may  mention  the  White  Jackmanil, 
not  yet  introduced  in  this  country.  We  under- 
stand the  stock  of  it  is  oflered  for  sale  for  the 
small  sum  of  85000. 


For  the  article  on  the  "  New  Double  Mignon- 
ette," which  appeared  in  our  March  issue,  we  are 
indebted  to  Henry  A.  Dreer,  of  Philadelphia. 


Cal.^diums. 

No  conservatory  can  be  complete  without  % 
good  assortment  of  the  fancy  leaved  kinAs. 
Nothing  can  surpass  them  as  exhibition  plants 
during  the  summer  and  fall.  For  Wardia» 
cases,  as  well  as  window  boxes,  they  are  als* 
capital  subjects,  while  for  bedding  out  in  shady 
places  no  other  ornamental  leaved  plant  ca« 
compete  with  them.  Few  amateurs,  except  thOBe 
living  in  large  cities,  have  even  seen  Caladiums 
grown  to  perfection.  In 
the  first  place  the  bulbs  of 
fine  varieties  are  rather 
expensive,  and  it  takes 
quite  a  number  to  form  a 
good  specimen.  We  have 
seen  them  grown  in  fif- 
teen-inch pots  that  were 
grand,  indeed ;  some  of  tiie 
leaves  measuring  as  macii 
as  eighteen  inches  in 
length.  If  you  have  never 
tried  them,  buy  at  least  a 
dozen  viirielies,  the  prices 
vary  from  two  to  three 
dollars  per  dozen,  and 
there  are,  perhaps,  a  doaen 
varieties  to  choose  from. 
H.  A.  Dreer,  of  this  city, 
catalogues  nearly  seventy- 
five  different  kinds.  Our 
illustration  will  convey  a 
faint  idea  of  the  various 
shades.  If  you  get  the  dry  bulbs,  the  best  way 
to  start  them  is  to  fill  a  shallow  box  with  sphag- 
num moss,  and  place  roots  in  it,  covering  them 
well.  Keep  the  box  in  a  warm  place,  and  wlien 
the  roots  are  well  started  they  may  be  planted  in 
pots   in  peaty,  sandy   soil,    mixed  charcoal;  a 


New  Double  Fringed  PETtrsiAS. 

liberal  addition  of  well  decomposed  manure  will 
be  beneficial.  As  the  roots  s:art  from  the  upper 
part  of  the  bulbs,  it  is  important  that  the  latter 
should  be  covered  with  about  one  inch  of  soil. 


ORDER  YOUR 

EBULBSE 

DIRECT  FROM  THE 

GROWERS, 
ANT.  ROOZEN&SON, 

O  V  Ji!H.^^:E3E3IS",  [near  HAARLEM,]  :KCOIjIj,i\.K"I>, 

WHO    GUARANTEE    THE    BEST    AT    LOWEST    POSSIBLE    PRICES    IN    ANY    QUANTITY    TO    SUIT. 

.»-x)exjIA7":e]e,:h!X)  :fs,:ee  iint  dsteaat"  "sroiaiK:  ciTir,^* 

P.\CKING,  FKE16BT,  DUTIES,  A.\D  ALL  EXPENSES  IXCLLDEI). 

No  garden  or  living-room  should  be  without  at  least  a  few  of  these  lovely  flowers, 

Unsurpassed   in   GORGEOUS   Coloring  and   DELICIOUS   Fragrance. 

APPLY   EARLY   FOR 

ILLUSTRATED  FALL  CATALOGUE, 

And  send  your  order  not  later  than  JULY   15th,   1885,  to  the  SOLE  AGENT  FOR  THE 

UNITED  .ST.\TES  AND  CANADA, 

J.  A.  DE  VEER,  19  Broadway,  New  York. 


8 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


LilVB  Stogi^. 


BUTTER-MAKING. 

By  Mahain  B.  Chaddock,  Vermont,  Fulton  Co.,  III. 

The  three  fundamental  rules  for  the  "gilt-edged- 
butter-maker,"  are  :— Good  cows,  good  food,  and 
eternal  vigilance.  On  these  three  rules  hang  all 
the  laws  and  by-laws  of  butter-making;  and  the 
greatest  of  these  three  is  eternal  vigilance. 

We  may  take  a  third-class  cow,  and  with  eter- 
nal vigilance  may  make  a  fair  aiticle  of  butter; 
while  the  best  cow  in  the  world,  fed  on  the  best 
food  to  be  found,  will  not  produce  good  butter 
without  it. 

Eternal  vigilance  must  watch  over  the  heifer 
calf  from  the  day  it  is  born  until  it  becomes  a 
cow ;  must  see  that  it  is  not  over-fed,  and  that  its 
food  is  of  the  right  quality  ;  that  it  is  not  fed  too 
often,  nor  fasted  too  long;  that  it  is  handled 
enough  to  make  it  gentle,  but  not  in  a  way  to 
make  it  "horny." 

When  she  is  a  mother,  eternal  vigilance  must 
be  there  to  see  that  she  is  kindly  treated,— many 
a  good  cow  is  ruined  at  her  first  milking— and  all 
through  her  Journey  of  life,  eternal  vigilance 
must  have  watch  and  ward  over  her;  must  see 
that  her  food  is  of  the  best;  that  her  liay  is  as 
sweet  as  drird  clover  blossoms  can  be;  that  no 
soft,  sour  nubbins  are  given  her;  that  her  oats 
and  bran  are  the  freshest  and  sweetest;  that  her 
drink  is  the  purest  water  that  the  bowels  of  the 
earth  contain,  and  that  she  wanders  all  day 
long  in  summer  time,  in  pastures  green,  placid, 
calm,  content,  with  no  shotguns  tiring  off  near 
ber  ears,  and  no  dogs  to  chase  and  make  her 
afraid. 

When    at   eventide  she    comes   slowly  home, 
looking  as  if  she  would  rather  be  milked  tlian 
not,  and  when  the  milk  is  strained  and  set  away, 
eternal  vigilance,  instead  of  having  a  play-spell, 
must  do  double  duty;  must  have  no  rest  night 
or  day.    For  now  tiie  greatest  foe  that  eternal 
vigilance    has  to  fight  is  ten;p<'ralnrc.    I    read 
yesterday  that  in   the  Mammoth   Cave  in  Ken- 
tucky, the  temperature    is    always    'h    degrees, 
never  more,  never  less,  summer  and  winter  it  ! 
stands  .just  the  same;  and  the  thouL'ht  came  to  [ 
me  that  If  we  butter-makers  could  have  a  steady  1 
temperature  like  that  (only  of  course  it  would 
need  to  be  a  lower  one),  what  a  paradise  it  wouhl 
be.    Those  fortunate  souls  who  iiave  a  natural 
spring,  can   haye  almost  the  samw  thing.     liut  | 
tliere  are  not  enough  natural  springs  to  go  round.  | 
The  few  lucky  ones  have  them,  and  the  rest  of  us  , 
«    must  manufacture  our  own  tciTipeniturc  ;  and  in 
my  experience  the  water-tank  and  deep  setting! 
seems  to  come  nearest  to  the  old  .spring  house 
methods  of  our  young  days, 


BARN-YARD    MANAGEMENT. 

As  the  summer  comes  on  the  manure  must  be 
plentifully  supplied  with  absorbent  material,  or 
it  will  overheat.  The  liquid  should  be  saved 
and  added  to  the  solid.  Sanitary  regulations  are 
as  necessary  in  the  barn-yard  aS  anywhere  else, 
for  animals  succumb  to  impure  air  and  imper- 
fectly ventilated  and  damp  quarters  as  well  as 
human  beings.  Unless  tlie  l>arn-yard  is  so  man- 
aged as  to  enable  the  farmer  to  save  all  the  waste 
material,  and  to  aflford  proper  conveniences  for 
attending  to  the  stock,  and  preserving  the  man- 
ure, there  will  be  loss,  with  the  excessive  heat  of 
the  day,  which  causes  manure  to  "fire-fang." 
By  sudden  showers  at  night  the  loss  of  material 
which  is  unprotected  will  be  greater  than  can  be 
replaced,  except  at  much  expense. 


KEEP  A   FEW   PIGS. 


There  is  an  old  prejudice  on  the  part  of  some 
against  keeping  pigs,  under  the  plea  that  it  does 
not  pay  to  do  so.  The  claim  is  not  true,  but 
admitting  its  correctness  in  some  respects,  there 
are  several  reasons  to  be  presented  in  their  favor. 
When  the  pork  is  raised  at  home  you  know 
what  it  is.  The  quality  of  the  food  given,  free- 
dom from  disease,  and  care  of  the  meat  from  the 
moment  the  hog  is  slaughtered  until  it  is  cured, 
depends  upon  the  owner,  and  when  this  is  given 
I>y  the  consumer  he  is  able  to  provide  himself 
with  a  better  article  than  he  can  purcha-se.  So 
far  as  relates  to  the  actual  expense  tliat  maybe 
incurred,  the  outlay  is  only  temporary,  for  a  small 
sum  is  stored  away  in  the  carcass,  which  is 
returned  at  ihc  ijYn\  of  the  year.  Leaving  out 
thi-  matter  of  profit  altogether,  therefore,  the  pigs 
enable  their  owners  to  sare  a  great  amount  of 
material  that  would  be  lost  lyithout  their  assis- 
tance, and,  even  if  only  the  expense  is  returned, 
with  some  it  is  doubtful  if  they  wovild  be  any 
richer  at  the  end  of  the  year  without  the  pigs 
tlian  with  them,  )mt  in  the  latter  case  they  will 
at  least  tiave  a  quantity  of  pork  on  hand. 


TESTING  THE    MILK   AT   CREAMERIES. 

The  plan  of  testing  the  milk  received  from 
customers  at  the  creameries  is  the  only  fair 
method  of  doing  business,  and  yet,  allhough  it  is 
a  protection  to  tiio  dairyman,  they  are  the  par- 
ties who  raise  the  greatest  objection  to  testing. 
The  man  who  keeps  Jersey  cows,  and  whose 
milk  contains  a  larger  percentage  of  cream  than 
that  of  his  neighbor,  is  entitled  to  a  larger  sum 
of  money  for  his  milk,  for  I  lie  reason  that  it  is 
■worth  more.  It  stimulates  improvement  of 
jstock,  encourages  better  management  of  the 
milk,  and  induces  high  feeding  in  oi-der  to 
increase  botli  the  quality  and  <|unntity.  It  is 
the  careless  dairyman  who  olijcr-ts  to  a  test  of 
the  milk.  He  bases  his  <*aIculations  upon 
quantity,  and  mixes  the  milk  indiscriminately, 
without  regard  to  its  age,  or  the  condition  of  the 
different  cows.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  no 
two  cows  give  milk  of  the  same  quality,  but  the 
milk  from  a  selected  number  maybe  somewhat 
nniform  if  they  arc  fed  alike,  but  to  compel  the 
<'areful,  clean  dairyman  to  accept  the  same  price 
for  good  milk  that  is  allowed  for  that  of  a  poorer 
quality,  is  not  justice.  It  must  not  he  forgotten 
tliat  the  cows  that  do  not  have  clean  water  to 
drink  cannot  produce  healthy  milk,  and  the 
butter  is  also  afTcctcd.  Some  dairymen  are 
inclined  to  impart  tyranny  to  the  creamery 
operators  on  account  of  the  stringent  rules,  but 
the  faults  ascribed  to  tiie  creamery  managers 
really  belong  to  the  careless  dairymen  who  do 
not  pay  attention  to  thequality  of  the  milk  from 
their  cows.  It  may  be  stated,  also,  that  even  the 
cream  will  not  always  produce  tlie  same  amount 
of  butter.  It  varies  accordinir  to  the  pasture  and 
concentratfd  food  given,  which  is  anf>ther  reason 
why  a  test  should  always  be  made,  and  whe!i  the 
dairymen  begin  to  realize  that  they  cannot 
receive  justice  unless  the  milk  is  all  (rstcrl,  they 
will  find  that  dairying  is  profitable  according  to 
the  skill  of  the  dairyman,  and  the  management 
of  his  herd. 


BREAKING  AND  TRAINING  STECItS. 

JSi/  E.  A.  CoUiiix,  E.  Hartland,  Omn. 

Whatever  may  be  the  practice  in  other  parts  of 
the  country,  in  the  hill  towns  of  New  England 
oxen  will  always  be  a  necessity.  The  soil  is  so 
full  of  rocks  and  stone«  that  horses  will  not 
answer.  A  few  Ilioughts  in  regard  to  breaking 
and  training  steers  may  be  in  order.  Anyone 
who  lias  a  likely  ])alrof  Devon  or  Hereford  steers, 
and  wishes  to  break  them  to  work,  should  ado]>t 
a  plan  somelhiuK  like  this:  l.-<ict  acquainted 
with  the  steers,  do  not  attempt  to  yoke  them 
until  this  is  done.  2.-Put  the  yokes  on  them,  but 
be  very  careful  not  to  frighten  them  in  any  way. 
After  this  is  done  yoke  them  as  often  as  conveni- 
ent, the  oftener  the  l)ettcr,  always  rt-membcring 
to  be  very  carcliil  not  ti)  frighten  tlu-ni.  When 
they  learn  not  to  bc  afraid  of  the  yoke  or  tlieir 
driver  they  may  bc  driven  around  the  barn-yard. 
Always  make  them  stop  at  the  word  "whoa." 
A  yoke  of  steady  gfiing  old  oxen  to  guide  the  new 
ones  are  a  great  convenience  the  tlrst  few  times 
on  the  road.  Treat  (he  oxen  kindly,  and  they 
will  have  tew  or  no  bad  tricks.  Misuse  them  in 
any  way  and  they  will  always  remember  it,  and 
act  accordingly.  A  well-broken  pair  of  oxen 
need  very  little  talking  to,  and  almost  no  punish- 
ment. 


STOCK   NOTES. 


Farm  Horses.— In  raising  colts  for  farm  pur- 
poses the  heavy  draft  stallions  should  boused, 
for  the  reason  that  the  farmers  have  no  time  nor 
advantages  for  training  roadsters,  and  unless 
trained,  no  estimate  of  their  value  can  be  made. 
A  quiciv  draft  colt  is  valuable  according  to  his 
performances,  which  must  be  developed,  but  a 
heavy  draft  colt  can  be  easily  broken  ibr  general 
farm  work,  and  will  always  command  a  fair 
value  in  the  nuirket. 


To  make  a  stone  floor  for  hog-pens,  take  large, 
fiat  stimes  and  lay  them  tlat  side  down  on  the 
floor,  then  fill  up  all  small  places  between  the 
stones  with  smaller  ones,  and  cement  all  tight. 

Utilizing  Garden  Waste.— The  tops  of  vege- 
tables sometimes  contain  as  much  nutrition  as 
the  desirable  portion,  and  if  carefully  saved  for 
the  pig  and  hens  will  be  found  of  great  advantage. 
They  provide  early  green  food,  and  promote 
health. 

Equal  parts  of  oats  and  corn,  and  one-twentieth 
part  of  linseed  cake,  ground  with  them,  make  a 
good  feed  for  horses.  It  will  give  a  fine,  sleek, 
good  coat,  and  will  make  a  horse  at  the  same 
time  very  healthy.  It  will  also  keep  horses  from 
contracting  colds  and  diseases.  ; 

Indigestion  in  Hogs.— If  they  refuse  food  give 
half  a  teaspoonfui  of  copperas  in  the  slop  in  the 
morning,  if  they  can  be  induced  to  eat,  and  at 
night  give  half  a  pound  of  freshly  burned  char- 
coal, placed  where  the  hog  can  eat  all  that  it 
desires.  It  is  important  that  the  charcoal  be 
fresh,  and  not  be  allowed  to  remain  in  the  pen. 

Oats  and  Peas  p'or  Cows.— Whero  the  family- 
has  a  single  cow,  and  a  limited  area  of  ground,  an 
economical  method  of  providing  green  food  is  to 
sow  oats  and  peas  together,  and  cut  the  same 
for  the  cow.  Sprinkle  with  a  little  meal,  and  add 
a  small  quantity  of  salt,  and  it  will  bc  highly 
relished.  On  the  farm  the  oats  and  peas  will  be 
found  excellent  for  sheep. 

Bogus  Butter  And  Chee.se.— Stringent  laws 
are  being  enacted  in  the  dilterent  States  to  pro- 
hibit the  manufacture  of  butterine,  but  whilethe 
law  may  bt-nefit  some,  it  cannot  stamp  out  tlie 
evil  entirely.  Bogus  cheese  has  killed  itself,  the 
quality  being  so  poor  that  it  could  not  be  sold, 
and  hundreds  of  tons  are  being  used  as  fertilizer. 
Good  butter  is  always  salable,  and  the  demand 
is  greater  than  the  supply. 

Bkkast  Straps  on  Horses.— Never  use  a  breast 
strap  in  place  of  a  collar,  whether  the  horso  is 
worked  to  a  v^agon  or  a  buggy.  With  a  good, 
nicely-fltting  collar  a  horse  can  draw  nearly  twice 
as  much,  and  feci  more  comfortable  than  with  a 
breast  strap,  which  often  indicts  eruclty  upon 
him,  owing  to  the  fact  that  many  persons  make 
no  discriminations  between  the  breast  strap  and 
collar,  expecting  the  horse  to  do  the  same  work 
under  ail  conditions. 

1^  A  Condition  Powder.— When  cows  and  horses 
^se  appetite,  and  refuse  food  altogether,  unless 
sWns  of  injury  or  other  causes  of  dei)ression  are 
discernable,  they  may  receive,  twice  a  day,  a 
tablespoon  fill  of  the  following  mixture,  which 
may  be  given  in  corn  meal.  One  pound  gentain, 
one  poun<l  fenugreek,  one  ounce  suljibur,  one 
ounce  coi)peras,  one  pound  black  antimony,  8 
ounces  rosin,  and  8  ounces  bi-carbonate  of  soda 
The  ingredientsarecheap,  and  are  found  in  nearly 
all  condition  powders. 

M  i:tton  Sheep.— In  sonic  markets  the  carcasses 
of  sheep  and  lambs  are  hung  up  and  displayed  on 
the  stalls  in  order  that  they  may  l*e  inspected. 
The  Knglish  system  of  allowing  the  black  feet  to 
remain  on  the  quarters  is  being  adopted,  as  the 
practice  indicates  Southdown  mutton,  which  is 
always  tlrst-class.  As  Southdowns  and  other 
mutt<tn  breeds  are  thus  endorsed  by  purchaser 
the  farmer  should  endeavf)r  to  secure  the  best 
prices  by  using  rams  of  the  several  "Downs" 
breeds  with  their  common  flocks. 

A  Word  for  the  Mule.  -This  much  abused 
animal  is  valuable  on  a  farm,  and  for  certain 
kinds  of  work  is  especially  so.  as  no  better  plow 
team,  <ir  one  for  the  liarrow,  can  be  found.  Some 
of  the  best  single  teams  wo  find  are  mules,  and 
are  as  readily  guided  as  a  horse.  They  stand  hot 
weather  far  better  than  any  other  draft  animal. 
A  team  of  mules  is  easily  raised,  free  fropi  dis- 
eases, brings  large  prices,  and  is  of  ready  sale. 
We  wonrler  why  farmers  do  not  raise  more  of 
them.  Farmcrsyou  can  make  more  clear  money 
in  raising  mules  than  in  any  other  kind  of  stock. 
We  want  you  to  look  into  it. 


JERSEY !,T,'.'>V,fIV>,V,^.^,!?,:i:  |  JERSEY 


II,  r.l   />'...,t  B  a  Plymouth  Rock  rowfs&Eqqs.  I       '.."A' 

REDS.  li^i'.lEii^'i^V^f:^;  I  CATTLE 

l>Iortinicr  \\  hitcliend,  Middlebush,  New  Jersey. 


Headquarters  for  all  articles  used  by 
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&'?J;;5d?htaPIGS,  „."J«>;.  GUERi^SEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 


KlneJ^etlir  lloK*.  ■»<-otfh  ChIH 
Fi»\  iloiiiulMHiid  Uoneles  Sheep 
I'll    l*<iiilli-v,    brfd    anil    for    «a1o    hy 

I  W.  GIBBONS  &CO.,WPStCIiPs;er, 
^('lu'sler  Coiuily,   Penn'^ylvania- 
Send   Stamp   for   Circular  and   Price    List. 


REGISTEREDSWINE 

Thur.M,     I,    ir     I    il.CHter    \VhIte»u    Pi.. 

,-  —. Flund-l'hliiuH.  A:  ltLi|"'rt._-ii  IterkAhlrri; 

Tme  peillirrof  ijuk-h  ^itli  cit-ry  Huimal  sold.  Stront:.  hralttif 
stock  ntily,  Pnrllv  tcuurantced.  SeniLhtamp  for  niw  Cata* 
luauu.    4J.  IE.  \\  nrvlririon,  Hox  G-ii.Wewt  Clic'»ter»  Fu. 


HcbIhl  _ 

Also  TiioKoi  <;nuRKi>s  and  <;kai)i:s, 

I  Yontis  Srnrk  Tc.r  snip.    Send  suunp  for  C'ntnlne><e. 
|'1\  "vAi.tl^R  &   SONS,  WEST  CHESTEK^l'a. 

This  newly-patented  Leath-  q  bj  jk  ■      y  i 
er  and  Metal   combined    OnAT    i 

■pj  %^\  is  n.  rp!U-r;uid  roinfnrt  to  <iur 
,  I  \ff\M  (luod  frirnd.  thf  Hnrsf.  Will 
'  wiur  :i  lifciime.  Nn  rppnirs.  LiEht.  nPat, 
■  ariil  i.ri.;ininnliil.  All  like  them.  ThoiisiindH  hi 
.  w  ■■.  Th>- traiii-  .inrt  ,ice?ita  supplft^d.  For  circu- 
I  \i\t'>  niul  tc<itliiio-  )I>nrnb1e  shaft  Tua  Co.* 
-ial^.  address   t     I.EWISTOX,  MAINE. 

If  desired,  will  send  aaniple  pair  on  receipt 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


©HE  gOULipr^Y  IjA^D. 


OPERATING    INCUBATORS. 

Hi/  p.  II.  Jiirolis.   Wivjnf.  TIL 

During  the  past  two  months  I  have  had  thir- 
teen incul^ators  in  operation,  including  different 
makes,  and  so  tar  not  a  single  failure  has 
occurred.  It  is  not  intended  here  to  give  any 
theories  as  to  what  should  be  done,  but  to  lay 
before  the  readers  of  the  Fakm  and  Garden  a 
few  /rwls  that  have  come  under  my  observation 
during  tlie  time  1  have  been  worliing  them. 

One  discovery  I  have  made  is  that  nearly  all 
the  incubators  now  manufactured  will  hatch 
and  do  all  that  is  claimed  for  them  if  the  opera- 
tor will  do  his  duty,  but  that  an  incubator  will 
■worli;  itself  because  it  is  self-regulating  is  not 
always  a  certainty.  The  operator  will  be  com- 
pelled to  take  at  least  a  look  at  them  several 
times  a  day,  and  jjerhaps  at  night  also,  especially 
at  this  season,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  tem- 
perature of  the  atniosi)liere  fluctuates  so  often. 
The  regulators  will,  perhaps,  work  splendidly, 
but  the  lamps  are  liable  to  heat  the  incubators 
too  much  during  the  middle  of  the  day,  despite 
tlie  guardianship  of  the  regulator's.  With  the 
use  of  the  hatchers,  and  care  on  the  part  of  the 
operator,  there  should  be  no  dilficulty  in  hatch- 
ing at  all  seasons. 

Very  often  success  happens  where  failure  was 
expected.  For  instance,  one  incubator,  seem- 
ingly contrary,  would  in  the  morning  be  at  a 
temperature  ran'ging  between  9.5  and  IIJIJ  degrees, 
while  during  the  day  it  would  reach  from  lilO  to 
105  degrees.  It  gave  an  excellent  result,  liowever. 
about  seventy-five  per  cent.,  while  another  incu- 
bator, wnicli  had  neither  fallen  below  100°,  or 
gone  above  104°,  did  not  give  over  thirty  per 
cent.  But  little  information  could  be  gained  by 
the  comparison,  as  the  weather  was  very  severe, 
and  the  difficulty  may  have  been  with  the  eggs. 
1  am  satisfied  of  one  thing,  however,  which  is 
that  the  majority  of  failures  arise  from  lack  of 
moisture,  and  not  from  want  of  fresh  air,  as 
many  suppose.  I  have  stopped  up  all  the  air 
passages,  except  to  admit  a  very  limited  supply, 
with  the  drawer  full  of  chicks,  without  injuring 
them,  and  yet  the  air  passages  of  most  incuba- 
tors are  sufficient  to  ventilate  a  coop  full  of  adult 
fowls,  the  result  being  that  a  constant  current  of 
air  cannot  easily  be  saturated  with  water  vapor, 
and  the  chicks  die  in  flie  nhe/l.  Where  the  air  is 
admitted,  and  partially  conrtned,  it  saturates 
itself  with  moisture.  The  egg.s  do  not  want 
moisture  at  all ;  nature  provides  for  that.  All 
that  is  necessary  Is  to  supply  the  air  witli  mois- 
ture, so  that  it  will  not  absorb  it  from  the  eggs, 
esijeoially  after  tlie  chick  has  "  pipped"  through,  i 
The  lower  the  heat  the  easier  the  air  is  saturated,  j 
■which  accounts  for  the  chicks  hatching  at  a  low 
temperature  at  times,  and  dying  in  the  .shell 
■when  the  heat  is  fully  up  to  the  standard  require- 
ment.  Provided  plenty  of  moisture  is  allowed, 
the  heat  should  be  fully  101°  the  flrst  week,  and 
103°  the  second  week.  The  third  week  the 
temperature  should  not  be  over  102°,  for  the 
chicks  will  come  out  at  a  lower  temperature 
stronger  than  when  llie  heat  is  well  up.  When 
the  chicks  are  hatching,  and  the  exposed  mem- 
Ijrane  of  the  eggs,  after  being  "  pipped,"  begins 
to  show  signs  of  dryness,  it  indicates  lack  of 
moisture,  and  water  should  be  supplied  in  a 
warm  condition.  No  sprinkling  is  required 
-where  moisture  is  plentiful,  and  an  important 
matter  is  to  allow  the  eggs  to  coot  doien  well  at 
least  once  a  day,  while  two  turnings— night  and 
morning— are  sutHeient.  I  will  keep  the  readers 
of  the  Fakm  and  G.\uden  thoroughly  posted  in 
Tegard  to  many  other  matters  connected  with 
my  experiments  from  time  to  time.  The  causes 
o(  fnilarcs,  if  any  occur,  should  be  made  known 
as  well  as  the  successes. 


MEAT   FOR    FOWLS. 

It  is  not  always  convenienttoprocureasupply, 
tout  it  has  never  occurred  to  some,  however,  that 
the  carcasses  of  dogs,  cats,  horses,  etc.,  th.at  are 
destroyed  by  reason  of  running  at  large,  or  old 
age,  could  be  utilized  and  used  jis  food  for  poultry 
Ijy  being  boiled  and  prepared  for  that  purpose. 
One  of  the  cheapest  articles  is  the  "lights"  or 
"plucks"  of  sheep,  and  it  may  be  mentioned 
also  the  well-known  "  meat  puddings  "frequently 
seen  on  the  stalls  of  butchers,  which  are  seldom 
fit  for  any  other  purpose  in  reality.  Fresh 
bullock's  blood  thickened  with  ground  grain  will 
keep  for  quite  a  length  of  time  if  cooked  in  the 
shape  of  bread,  while  the  scraps  from  the  butclier 
can  be  cooked  as  a  soup  and  thickenc<^i  with  po- 
tatoes and  meal  to  advantage.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  feed  expensive  meat  to  poultry,  though  it  pays 
to  use  meat,  even  when  a  good  price  muut  be 
given  for  it,  especially  when  eggs  are  high  and 
scarce.  In  the  country  rabbits  should  furnish  a 
large  proportion,  and  every  rat  or  mink  caught 
should  be  served  up  to  the  hens. 


GROWING  SHADE. 

Every  one  who  keeps  poultry  does  not  have 
shade  for  the  hens  in  summer.  The  poultryman 
cannot  sit  down  and  wait  for  trees  to  grow,  nor 
can  he  always  select  a  shady  location.  The  best 
method  in  such  cases  is  to  grow  something  that 
will  answer  the  purpose.  If  the  climbing  plants 
can  be  protected  while  young,  and  until  they  get 
out  of  reach  of  the  hens,  a  few  strong  strings  will 
lead  morning-glories,  lima  beans,  or  Virginia 
creepers,  to  any  conceivable  shape,  or  the.y  may 
be  planted  lour  or  five  feet  from  the  bottom  of 
the  fence,  and  the  strings  inclined  upward  to  the 
top  of  the  fence  and  fastened,  and  the  hens  will 
resort  to  the  space  between  the  plants  and  the 
fence  for  shade.  Among  the  bush  plants  nothing 
equals  the  squa-sh,  which  grows  very  rapidly, 
covers  a  large  space,  has  broad  leaves,  and  will 
not  be  molested  when  .young  by  the  hens.  A 
circle  of  tomato  vines,  fastened  together  at  the 
ends  of  some  of  the  branches,  answers  well,  and 
if  the  hens  eat  the  fruit  no  harm  is  done,  as  the 
owner  would  be  no  richer  without  the  vines. 
Sorghum  and  corn,  grown  in  circles,  and  fastened 
together  at  the  tops,  also  give  good  shade,  but 
the  hens  will  destroy  them  when  very  young, 
while  they  will  not  molest  tomato  or  squash 
plants.  A  few  tobacco  plants  in  the  yards  are 
excellent,  as  they  can  be  placed  in  them  while 
young  without  being  liable  to  molestation,  and 
if  the  yards  are  changeable,  a  circle  of  some  tall- 
growing  variety  of  pea  may  be  trained  with 
strings  and  made  to  do  service,  but  must  be  pro- 
tected when  young.  Of  trees,  use  the  peach, 
plum,  or  mulberry,  should  you  decide  to  set  out 
young  trees,  and  of  vines  use  the  grape,  which 
can  be  trained  witli  strings  to  grow  In  any 
direction. 

POULTRY   YARDS. 

One  of  the  problems  in  poultry  keeping  is  the 
matter  of  so  confining  the  hens  as  to  keep  the 
largest  number  on  the  smallest  possible  space 
with  the  best  results.  The  question  is,  "  Does  the 
size  of  the  yard  have  anything  to  do  with  the 
laying  qualities  of  the  hens?"  It  is  well  known 
that  some  breeds,  such  as  the  Leghorns,  IIou- 
dans.  and  Hamburgs,  begin  to  pull  feathers  if 
not  given  a  full  range,  which  is  a  sure  indication 
that  the  conditions  are  not  favorable.  If  we 
COO])  up  a  lot  of  fowls  to  be  fatted,  and  especially 
turkeys,  which  delight  in  foraging,  they  will 
gain  rapidly  in  flesh  for  about  ten  days,  when 
they  will  begin  to  fall  oft",  and  no  amount  of  food 
given  will  cause  them  to  increase  in  weight.  The 
conditions  of  confinement  in  the  yard  are  very 
similar.  No  matter  how  well  their  wants  are 
supplied,  the  hens  will  not  lay  as  well  as  other 
hens  equally  eared  for  and  given  liberty.  Con- 
finement consequently  all'ects  the  disposition  of 
the  hens,  and  causes  them  to  become  disconten- 
ted and  unhappy.  How  can  this  be  remedied 
without  requiring  a  large  area  for  a  number  of 
flocks,  is  a  natural  inquiry.  We  know  of  no 
method  but  that  of  having  changeable  yards  to 


the  houses,  one  in  the  front  of  the  poultry-house, 
and  one  at  the  rear,  the  fowls  being  changed  from 
one  yard  to  another  as  fast  as  green  stuft"  can  be 
grown  to  the  height  of  two  inches,'  which  will 
keep  them  busy  and  occupy  their  time.  This 
calls  for  frequent  spading  of  the  unoccupied 
yards,  which  of  course  turns  under  the  filth,  and 
keeps  off  disease.  To  keep  hens  in  confinement 
means  to  keep  them  at  imrk,  either  foraging  or 
scratching,  and  the  floors  of  the  poultry-houses, 
and  portions  of  the  yard,  should  always  be 
littered  with  cut  straw,  leaves,  dirt,  or  some 
other  suitable  material,  into  which  the  grain 
food  should  be  thrown,  and  the  hens  made  to 
hunt  for  it.  Space  may  be  gained  in  those  .yards 
that  are  no  wider  than  the  poultry-houses,  by 
extending  them  in  depth,  and  too  many  hens 
should  not  be  together.  The  temptation  is  to 
economize  by  utilizing  the  space  with  a  large 
number  of  hens,  but  such  a  system  does  not  pay, 
as  the  smaller  the  number  of  hens  in  one  lot,  the 
greater  the  number  of  eggs,  in  proportion. 


POULTRY   SCRATCHINGS. 

Letttjce.— Sow  a  crop  of  lettuce  and  feed  it, 
while  young,  to  the  chicks.  It  will  soon  be  out 
of  the  way  for  some  other  crop. 

A  Good  Tonic— .Spirits  camphor,  extract  of 
ginger,  and  extract  of  gentain.  equal  parts.  Put 
a  teaspoonful  in  a  half  pint  of  the  drinking  water. 

PtiRCHASiNG  Fo\yLS.— .\lways  be  careful  that 
you  do  not  introduce  disease  when  purchasing. 
Select  hens  with  red  combs,  bright  eyes,  clean 
nostrils  and  legs,  and  that  appear  active. 

M.AY  Work.— Young  chicks  will  not  bring  the 
best  prices  if  hatched  this  month,  but  they  will 
return  a  fair  profit,  however,  while  the  care  and 
labor  will  be  lessened.  If  eggs  are  low,  set  them, 
or  consume  them  on  the  table. 

Cholera.— Look  out  for  it.  If  it  appears,  clean 
up  the  place  and  thoroughly  disinfect  with  Car- 
bolic acid.  The  best  remedy  is  four  parts  hypo- 
sulphite of  soda,  and  one  part  Boracic  acid. 
Dose— a  tablespoonful,  moistened  with  water  and 
poured  down  the  throat. 

The  Cocks.— If  your  hens  do  not  hatch  well 
this  month,  provided  the  hens  are  not  in  poor 
condition,  make  a  change  of  cocks,  as  they  are 
sometimes  impotent.  At  this  season  the  Leg- 
horns are  best,  as  they  require  a  shorter  time  for 
maturity  than  the  larger  breeds. 

Using  Ground  Bone.— It  ma.y  be  well  to  state 
to  those  who  are  compelled  to  purchase  ground 
bone,  that  it  should  be  as  free  from  odor  as  possi- 
ble. The  liest  place  for  purchasing  such,  is  from 
the  seed  stores,  or  from  those  who  make  a  spe- 
cialty of  selling  ground  bone  for  poultry.  The 
hens  will  not  eat  the  ground  bone  if  it  is  tainted, 
but,  should  you  unfortunately  get  no  other,  mix 
in  the  soft  food  a  tablespoonful  for  every  five 
hens,  and  add  a  tablespoonful  of  ginger  to  dis- 
guise it. 

{Continued  on  pa(/e  15.) 


ENTKltPKISF  POI'LTK  Y  Y.VRDS 
Ph  iiluiil  h  1{  ocliN  a  >|M-ci:ilr>  . 

.\1VU    rl li.\.K    h.i     s;,|.-  rli.ap,       KggS 

from  lii^li-'-hi-s  sli.ck   siciiirly   pu.-ked  to 
carrv  sjii'elv.  !!tl.'.i'J  per  J3;  'Z  or  more  sit- 
tings orrtereil  at  ]    S.  K.  W'OH  1{  KLL. 
once,  SI  each  |    Ft  .  Washington.  Pa. 


|NCUBATORSiH';;"SSs 

■  to  VV.  .sAViD«.ii;,  a52«  Huntingdon  St..  Philad'a.  Pa. 


25 


YEARS  IN  THE 

POULTRY  YARD. 

16th  Edition.  108  Pag^es,  expliiin- 
inir  tbf  entire  business,  (iivee 
symptoms  and  best  remedies  for 
all  diseases.  A50-pai'e  Illustrated 
Catalofjue.  All  forS.^c.  in  stamps. 

A.  M.   LANG, 
Cove  Dale*  Lewis  Co-  Ky. 


JHE  POULTRY  RAISER-""-  ,f» 

"1  ''i  p:ict*s  ca-?li,  *44>  in  Z"h\  i..r  tl,,  i^i 
li-T  ,,[  '^iih^.ril..-i  -  M;tL  1  |s>;,  -i-,,||.  ,,ii  . 
Ii-v  ICil-iiiK  l.ir  rrnhl.     S:nii|.|.T,.|,i. .-.■_'.■. 'I, I 

THE  POULTRY  RAISER.  69  Dearborn  St, 


UI6H  CLASS  POULTRY  AND  PIGEONS.  All  the  best  varie- 
■■  ties.  E«;gs  for  hatchiiif;  a  Specialty.  Send  stamp  for 
large  illustrateii  circulurs.    R.  Vanderhoven,  linhwmj,  iV.  J. 


GREENFIELD  POULTRY  YARDS. 

EGGS!  EGGS!  EGGS!  Lanqshan,  LIqht  Brahma,  Plymouth 
Rock,  Houdan.  S2  per  13,  S3  per  26.  S!...k  liisi  rki-.s.  Ku- 
cluse  slump  lur  eir(.-iil;ii .  Mrs.  M.  E.  Martin,  Greenfield.  Qhlo. 

ET^^^^C  IS*  a-"d  G.  S.  llambiiPCH  and  Wyaiidottcs,  18 
bVsVvO  for  $3,  S9for4t5.     IS.  LeehoriiA,  P.  Kuckx, 

ami  I'.  Ikiick*)  tjtl  pt-r  Nittlnir.  Pnmiiim  '^tock.  Fre^^h  aud  True 
to  N^iiiii-  FuwIm  lor  Willi'.  S'n.l  siiiiiip^i  !nr  reply,  mentioning  this 
pAji'T.  J.  I*,  llvlliiic"**  Jciilviiitown,  Montieoniery  Co.,  I*u. 

mimm  iimu  mi  iqiM« 

Sil.\i.>   i"-r   i:l;   'S'^  lur  lilJ.     My  stiit'k  has  been  care- 

full\-  seli-fifl.     I   yalher,  pack,  and  ship  eggs  myself. 

WI>I.  <).  FUVtR,  Chester,  Delaware  Co.,Penna. 


i...iir   Pi>ul. 
,     V.Mn-s, 

,  Chicaao. 


Auger  Egg  Case. 

(PATENTED  JULY,  1884.) 
This  is  the  only  PERFKi'T  E-,^g  Case,  it  bein^  made 
entirely  of  wood,  with  round  holes  and  a  cloth  packing'. 
The  cases  iare  made  with  kuketl  corners,  for  small  sizes, 
and  with  a  handle  on  lop.  fnr  fonvenieni*!-  in  carryin*;. 
The  larse  sizes  are  securely-  luiileil  \\liii  Frenoh  nails, 
and  have  the  Richmond  hiiiL'e  and  Iniiiroved  fasten- 
ings. These  cases  have  no  paper  rniniiartnients  inside, 
which  need  constant  replareui.nt  as  have  all  otlier 
Eng  Cases.  Also  make  lo  (.niir  small  sizes  to  ship  eggs 
for  setting.  Warranted  to  rranspiirr  eees  witlinnr 
bri'RknKe.  8en<l  fur  cimilar  and  price-list.  AGENTS 
WANTKI).  CAXAniAN  HrtiriTS  lor  sale.  Address 
E.  P.  AUGER,  Sox  158.  Fitzwillinm,  N.  H. 


T.  WALTER  &  SONS,  ^^S^^^^^ 

Br.r.liis  iu„l  Shippers  of  IHIPKOVKl)  STOCK, 
<\TTI,i;.  SHEliP,  SWlNi;,  J'Ori.TKV.  and 
IXK^S.    Send  f^tainp  for  faealMgiie  and  I'ricus, 


I  Ayif^OUAyO  "TiiK  nrsT  in  amekica. 

LHrlvlOnHrlu    '""    fines'  strains  in  lliis  country 

I II  iiiiih'il     with     iirtyil    iuipfU'tittirm-^ 

irum  Jliijnr  Cr.uiil,  ,.|-  KM^hui.l.    I'X-l-s  S2.50  (iir  H,  S4-.50 

tor  26.  Sriiii  hir  circiihus  w  nh  iii\  instnicriiitLK^u- rarsliia 

Spring  Chickens  ivn.l  BKsT  IN(  UB.XTi  IH  a.ni.  HnfMlliEH. 

.\ddiess  J.  1.,.  H.AKRIS,  Ciiinaiiiinsoii.  N.  J. 


Practical  Poultry  Boofe 

loo  pages;  bcautilul  Colored 
PLATE;  engravint^'S  of  nearly  all 
kinds  of  fowls;  plans  for  pnLiluy 
houses ;  how  lo  caponizc ;  inlunna- 
tion  al'out  incubators.  Descriptions 
of  the  breeds,  and  where  to  buy 
them.  Eiigs  fmm  best  stock  at  Si-so 
per  sittini,',     B'lr.k  sent  for  i";  cents- 

ASSOCIATED  FANCIERS 

237  S.  Ilightk  St.,  Phtiadeiphia, 


lO 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    f^OUSBHOLD. 


"The  music  of  laughter,  a  footfall  of  mirth 
Floats  Joyfully  out  o'er  the  fair,  sunny  earth. 
'Tis  the  ^ueen  of  the  Spring, 

The  child  of  the  flowers, 
Crowned  with  a  ring 

Of  glad,  fiolden  hours. 
Oh,  the  liLt'le  birds  sing, 

And  tile  flowerets  say 
The  Queen  of  tlie  Spring 

Is  the  sun-bright  May?* 


AJR   AND  SUN    BATH. 

By  AttfU  Eva. 


Nowtliat  the  days  grow  long  and  warm,  it  Is 
an  excellent  time  to  spread  out  on  the  line  our 
heavy  blankets  and  quilts,  which  may  not  need 
washing,  and  give  them  a  long  day's  air  and  sun 
bath  in  a  good  strong  breeze.  Sleep  is  so  sweet 
and  refreshing  in  a  well-aired  bed,  and  so  many 
neglect  it,  beyond  throwing  open  a  window  for 
an  hour  or  two  in  the  morning  before  making  up. 
That  is  important,  but  it  is  not  enough.  Thick 
bed-coverings  are  great  absorbents,  and  though 
they  may  not  look  as  soiled  as  your  delicat« 
pieced  quilt  does,  they  need  an  air  bath  as  much 
as  that  does  a  washing. 

Will  the  day  ever  come  when  the  ancient 
feather-beds  of  our  grandmothers  will  be  utterly 
banished  from  our  homes,  when  it  will  be  counted 
no  prize  for  the  little  granddaugliter  to  have 
handed  down  to  her  "grandma's  be.st  feather- 
bed," and  all  its  belongings.  I  know  a  house 
that  holds  a  baker's  dozen  of  these  valuable  relics 
of  the  dark  ages,  and  I  am  confident  that  some  of 
the  geese  from  whose  breasts  those  feathers  were 
plucked,  quacked  at  the  close  of  the  last  century. 
It  is  a  most  remarkable  house  for  funerals. 

A  thousand  times  healthier  and  sweeter,  is  a 
good  straw  bed,  which  you  can  change  often  and 
wash  clean  every  spring.  A  comfortable  mattress 
over  it  is  luxurious  enough  for  a  king. 

When  it  comes  quilt^%vashing  time,  hire  the 
best  muscles  you  can  command,  and  spare  your- 
self as  much  as  possible.  Few  women  in  our  day 
are  equal  to  such  heavy  drafts  unless  tliey  are 
specially  trained  to  them.  Every  man  to  his  pro- 
fession seems  to  be  the  rule  for  our  times,  and  it 
19,  perhaps,  as  well  to  fall  Into  line  according  to 
the  age  In  which  we  live.  It  would  be  foolisli  for 
our  housewives  to  do  their  own  spinning  and 
weaving,  or  even  knitting,  though  their  grand- 
mothers did  all  this  and  more.  The  same  rule  will 
apply  to  many  other  kinds  of  work. 


AS    BEAUTIFUL   AS    YOU    CAN. 


By  J.  E.  JftC 


Now  in  the  pleasant  springtime,  when  so  much 
Is  done  In  the  way  of  repairing  and  refreshing 
our  homes.  It  is  a  good  time  to  study  well  the  ef- 
fect of  color  upon  our  minds  and  feelings.  These 
are  subtle  Influences  which  act  upon  us  all  un- 
consciously, but  very  steadily  and  surely. 

A  manufacturer  who  employed  many  opera- 
tors, found  that  the  occupants  of  one  room  were 
healthy  and  cheerlul,  while  those  of  another,  en- 
gaged In  the  same  business,  and  apparently  with 
ail  the  advantages  possessed  by  those  in  the 
other  part,  were  melancholy,  moping,  and  often 
complained  of  headache  and  other  Ills.  The  only 
ditTerence  he  could  see  was  that  the  walls  of  the 
healthy  room  were  white  and  the  other  stained 
with  yellow  ochre.  He  had  the  latter  changed  to 
white,  and  a  marked  improvement  took  place 
almost  at  once.  The  girls  became  more  cheerful, 
and  consequently  more  healthy. 

To  live  in  a  room  stained  with  yellow  ochre  is 
enough  to  cast  a  gloom  over  any  one's  spirits. 
There  may  be  callous  natures  that  can  stand  it 
without  being  depressed,  but  that  proves  nothing 
with  regard  to  the  rule.  Few  people  have  iron- 
clad sensibilities,  for  which  we  may  well  be 
thankful. 

Treat  yourself  to  a  pretty  wall-paper  while  you 
are  buying,  and  let  It  rejoice  your  eyes  every 
day  as  you  look  upon  it.  I  knew  a  lady  who  had 
such  a  papei'.  Her  son  brought  it  home  from  the 
city,  but  she  oljjected  to  putting  It  on  because  it 
was  "too  pretty"  for  her  living-room.  I  asked 
her  if  it  Wiis  too  light  or  too  expensive.  "No," 
the  only  objection  was  Its  beauty.  She  had  al- 
ways had  homely  paper  on  her  walls,  and  felt 
that  she  must.  So  she  laid  aside  the  pretty  rolls 
which  would  have  brought  sunshine  into  her 
home,  and  chose  some  striped  sort  that  she  felt 
was  good  enough  for  every  day. 

The  dear  children  especially  are  greatly  In- 
fluenced by  these  little  home  appointments.  A 
child  brought  up  In  a  sunny,  tasteful  home  will 
show  it,  as  well  as  the  lad  who  comes  from  a 
home  of  disorder  and  squalor.  Even  an  infant's 
eye  catches  an  impression  from  all  Its  surround- 
ings, and  we  can  never  know  how  lasting  and 
Important  the  impressions  are,  or  how  much 
they  do  toward  forming  the  future  character. 


A  BIT  OF  OUT-DOOR  LIFE  IN  THE  SICK-ROOM. 

By  Cecil. 


A  very  pretty  device  for  an  invalid's  room,  was 
one  which  a  lady  saw  in  Jacksonville,  Florida. 
In  a  shadowy  corner  there  was  a  shelf  covered 
withaiai-ge  quantity  of  dried  mosses  and  grasses, 
arranged  iis  much  like  nature  as  possible.  Over- 
head were  fastened  a  few  dry  branches,  to  which 
were  clinging  long  festoons  of  Florida  moss, 
which  almost  touched  the  tops  of  the  grasses. 
Within,  all  looked  as  dreary  and  dark  as  a  bit  of 
forest  or  swamp.  To  make  the  picture  perfect, 
within  the  shadow  stood  a  beautiful  white  heron, 
nicely  prepared  and  gracefully  poised,  as  if  Just 
startled  in  his  native  marsh,  and  ready  to  take 
flight. 

One  can  imagine  how  restful  to  the  eyes  of  a 
weary  invalid  would  be  such  a  life-like  picture, 
and  how  many  pleasant  thoughts  could  cluster 
about  it.  Something  similar,  though  of  a  differ- 
ent sort,  is  quite  witliin  tlie  reach  of  many  of  our 
bright  boys  and  girls,  and  would  make  prettier 
"  pieces  "  for  home  adornment,  or  to  "  take  to 
the  fair  next  fall,"  than  so  much  crazy  work  or 
scroll-sawing. 

A  friend  who  was  recovering  from  a  long  ill- 
ness,told  meofapeculiar  amusement  her  brother 
invented  for  her,  which  did  her  more  good  than 
any  tonic. 

Every  morning  he  cut  out  a  nice  square  piece 
of  turf  and  brouglit  it  to  her  on  a  tray,  and  let 
her  sit  by  the  table  and  explore  It  and  analyze  it 
with  such  simple  Implements  as  she  chose.  A 
microscope  was  at  one  hand  to  examine  any  cur- 
ious Insects  or  plants  she  might  discover,  and  a 
plate  on  the  other,  received  the  most  peculiar 
specimens,  until  she  had  time  to  talk  them  over 
with  her  student  brother  In  the  evening.  It  Is 
surprising  how  much  one  who  has  "  learned  to 
see,"  can  And  in  a  foot  of  good,  grassy  earth. 

Clara  grew  rosy,  strong  and  happy  over  this 
odd  tonic,  and  folks  thought  it  was  working  over 
the  fresh  earth  that  helped  her  so  fast.  No  doubt 
it  did  help  ;  but,  probably,  the  awakened  Interest 
and  mental  stimulus  did  much  more.  When  you 
have  Induced  an  invalid  to  think  of  something 
besides  herself,  and  to  really  be  happy  over  it, 
you  have  taken  a  long  step  towards  her  restora~ 
tion. 

SAVING   MOTHER. 
By  LoU. 

Mother  had  run  over  to  a  neighbor's  to  see  a 
little  sick  girl,  and  only  "Aunt  'Liza"  and  the 
boys  were  left  around  the  evening  lamp,  liut 
Aunt  'Liza  was  good  company,  so  they  never  felt 
alone  when  she  was  about. 

"  Who  of  you  boys  would  like  to  try  and  save 
mother  a  little  this  coming  spring  and  summer  ?  " 
she  asked.  "She  needs  It,  and  she's  worth 
saving." 

"  I  guess  she  is,"  said  Charley,  warmly.  "  How 
do  you  mean.  Aunt  Liza?  iust  tell  us,  and 
we'll  save  her  all  we  can." 

Auntie  stepped  to  the  window-casing  and  took 
down  a  nice,  soft,  bright  pin-cushion  she  had 
made  that  day.  The  boys  eyed  her  rather  curi- 
ously but  she  went  on  to  remarit.  "  "^'ou  see  this 
needle,  threaded  with  black  thread,  and  this  one 
with  white?" 

"  Yes,  auntie." 

"  Now,  who  knows  how  to  sew  on  a  button  ?  " 

"I  do;  everybody  does,"  said  Jamie,  "  if  they 
have  any  sense." 

"  1  think  so  too,"  said  Aunt  'Liza.  "  Now,  how 
many  of  you  ever  sewed  on  a  button  ?  " 

There  was  a  silence,  "I  thought  as  much," 
said  auptie,  solemnly  .shaking  her  head,  "yet  all 
boys  are  famous  for  pulling  them  off  unless  they 
are  sewed  on  with  wire.  It  is  a  great  saving  of 
mothers  when  boys  learn  to  sew  on  their  own 
buttons  the  flrst  minute  they  can,  after  losing 
them.  And  now,  I  come  back  to  the  needles. 
They  will  be  always  handy  If  you  will  put  them 
back  when  through  with  them,  and  It  takes  but 
a  minute  to  thread  a  needle  when  the  cotton  Is 
out.  Who  will  try  this  spring  to  do  so  much 
toward  keeping  himself  in  repair?" 

"  I  will,  and  I,  and  I,"  said  all  of  the  three. 

Good  boys!  and  wlien  you  come  to  think  of  it, 
there  will  be  many  another  little  thing  of  a  simi- 
lar kind  that  you  can  do  to  help  mother. 
Thoughtlessness  wastes  more  mothers  every  year 
than  you  can  count.  How  easy  for  a  boy  to 
throw  open  his  window  in  the  morning  and  lay 
off  his  bedclothes  carefully  on  chairs  to  air,  and 
all  that  saves  mother.    Three  lads  like  you  could 


clear  mother's  supper  table  in  five  minutes,  and 
set  things  all  orderly  in  their  places.  Charley 
might  pile  the  dirty  dishes  and  take  them  to  the 
kitchen,  Jamie  take  down  the  food  to  the  hang- 
ing shelf,  and  Roy  set  into  the  pantry  what  goes 
there.  How  many  steps  that  would  save  for 
mother's  tired  feet  at  night.  She  would  wash 
up  the  dishes  with  a  happy  heart,  thinking  how 
kind  and  helpful  her  dear  boys  had  grown." 

"  You  shall  see,  after  this,"  said  Roy,  nodding 
his  head  decidedly.  "  Mother  won't  have  to  look 
up  her  kindlings  another  morning  soon." 

Auntie  smiled,  and  was  glad  to  see  that  her 
little  talk  had  been  effectual  in  waking  up  the 
conscience  of  her  little  audience,  and  she  was 
more  pleased  sUU,  to  find  that  the  efl'ect  was 
lasting. 


Remedy  for  Sore  Thkoat.— Take  1  table- 
spoonful  of  flaxseed,  boil  fifteen  minutes,  with 
2  cups  of  water,  then  strain,  add  1  tablespoonful 
of  molasses,  and  the  Juice  of  1  lemon  (vinegar 
will  answer).  This  mixture  will  form  a  soft 
Jelly.  .Should  be  taken  when  cold,  ene  table- 
spoonful  every  ten  minutes. 

For  Cold  in  Head  and  Lungs.— Take  hops^ 
sage,  wormwood,  and  catnip,  one  good  handful 
of  each,  put  them  in  a  deep  basin,  pour  on  i  qts. 
of  boiling  water,  and  place  on  back  of  stove, 
where  it  should  simmer  for  one-half  hour.  The 
patient  should  place  his  face  over  the  mouth  of 
vessel,  and  inhale  the  steam. 

A  'Very  Nice  Desert.— Soak  2  cups  of  bread  or 
crackers  in  water,  squeeze  dry  ;  add  the  yolks  of 
:i  well-beaten  eggs,  one-half  cup  »i  sugar"  ciunar 
mon  to  taste;  stir  well,  then  add  the  whites  of 
:i  eggs.  Fry  in  small  cakes  in  hot  lard  or  butter. 
Should  be  served  hot  with  stewed  prunes,    ' 

Celery  Salad.— Stir  briskly  the  yolk  of  1  egg 
and  sweet  oil,  by  drops  until  the  consistency 
becomes  stiff.  Add  2  tabiespoonfuls  of  prepared 
mustard,  a  pinch  of  salt  and  pepper,  .3  tabiespoon- 
fuls of  vinegar.  Have  ready  3  bunches  of  celery 
chopped  fine,  washed,  and  well  drained,  then 
pour  the  above  sauce  over  the  celery. 

Strawberry  'Water.— To  every  pound  of 
strawberries  tato  1  pound  of  sugar;  place  in  an 
earthen  dish;  stir  occasionally  until  well  dis- 
solved ;  strain,  bottle,  and  cork  well.  This  keeps 
many  years,  and  makes  a  good  drink  for  warm 
weather. 

Boiled  Salmon  with  Sauce.— -Slice  1  onion  in 
boiling  water,  add  a  little  salt,  put  In  3  pounds  of 
salmon,  with  whole  cloves,  allspice,  pepper,  and 
let  them  simmer  for  three-quarters  of  an  hour; 
keep  well  covered.  When  done  take  up  with 
great  care  on  a  platter ;  let  drain  well.  For  sauce,, 
put  butter  size  of  an  egg  In  a  fr.ving  pan,  with  1 
tablespoonful  of  flour;  when  light-brown  add- 
part  of  the  water  which  thejflsh  has  been  bolled- 
in  until  it  forms  a  nice  gravy  ;  this  should  boll 
up  a  few  minutes,  then  remove  from  the  fire; 
stir  In  briskly  a  well-beaten  eggLPOur  the  gravy 
over  the  flsli ;  set  away  to  cool.  Tliis  dish  should 
be  eaten  cold.  A  little  cream  added  to  the  gravy 
gives  it  a  nice  flavor. 

C.  B.,  Oregon  City,  Oregon. 

Brown  Bread. — J  large  cups  sweet  skimmed 
milk  (scalding  improves  it),  1  cup  sour  milk,  1 
teaspoonful  soda,  1  teaspoonful  salt,  equal  quanti- 
ties Indian  and  Rye  meal ;  bake  one  hour  and  a 
half  in  a  stove  oven,  then  steam  two  hours. 

Pressed  Beef.— Take  a  knuckle  bone  of  beef 
from  just  below  the  round  steak.  After  It  is 
sawed,  put  into  the  stew  pan,  cover  with  cold 
water,  and  set  on  the  bat^-k  of  the  stove.  Let  it 
stew  a  day  or  two  until  the  bones  all- come  out. 
The  water  will  have  dried  away  a  great  deal. 
Chop  the  meat,  not  very  fine.  Season  with  pep- 
per and  salt.  Return  it  to  the  gravy  left  in  tho- 
kettle,  and  when  sufficiently  dried  away  put  in 
a  deep  dish.  When  cold  It  can  be  cut  into  nic© 
slices  for  the  table. 

Fresh  Pork  and  Potatoes.— Take  a  roast  of 
pork,  sprinkle  it  with  sage  and  salt,  and  put  into 
the  oven  to  roast.  Two  hours  before  dinner  have 
prepared  enough  potatoes  for  the  family;  put 
them  in  the  dripping  pan  under  the  pork;  when 
done  they  should  be  nicely  browned. 

Baked  Apple  Pudding.— Fill  an  earthen  pud- 
ding-dish with  pared  and  quartered  apples.  Pre- 
pare a  crust  of  sweet  cream,  a  very  little  soda 
and  salt.  Cover  the  apples,  and  put  them  in  to 
bake  one  hour  before  dinner.  It  can  be  eaten 
with  sugar  or  any  kind  of  pudding-sauce. 

Breakfast  Cakes.  1  cup  sour  milk,  \  cup 
sour  cream,  one-half  cup  sugar,  2  small  teaspoon- 
fals  soda,  one-half  cup  currants,  well  washed,  a 
little  salt,  flour  enough  to  roll  thin.  Cut  with 
the  iiisouit-cutter,  and  balte  in  a  quick  oven.  To 
be  eaten  cold. 

English  Ml*ffins.— Take  yea«t-bread  dough 
that  has  risen  over  night,  roll  into  thin,  round 
cakes,  as  large  as  a  small  breakfast  plate.  Bak& 
on  a  hot  griddle,  turning  them  over  once.  When 
done  split  them  open  and  butter. 

AIRS.  E.  M.  F.  B.,  Waterville,  Me. 


Please  mnUion  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


ALBUM  VERSES. 


This  book  contains  700  Choice  Genifl  of  Poetry  arxl 
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15  cenls;    riolh.    ;10    penis.    Stamps    laken.    Address 
J.  S.  OGILVIE  &  CO.,  31  Rose  St.,  New  York.  I 


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THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


I » 


Odds  and  €Inds 


Mr.  Beecher  says  that  religion  that  is  not  mixed 
"With  politics  and  the  business  of  life,  is  about  as 
useful  as  yeast  that  is  never  mixed  with  flour. 


Fritters.— For  frittering  away  time,  nothing 
can  surpass  novel  reading,  silly  conversation, 
late  rising,  and  malting  a  business  of  fancy  work. 


A  Good  Building  Spot.— A  Connecticut  farmer 
who  had  set  out  an  elaborate  scare-crow  in  his 
strawberry-patch,  was  disgusted  to  find  a  pair  of 
robins  raising  a  brood  under  its  hat  brim. 


How  high  "a  license"  would  a  man  need  to 
pay  for  the  privilege  of  keeping  his  back-yard 
well  stocked  with  rattlesnakes,  or  for  keeping  a 
few  tigers  for  pets  there  ? 


Good  Words  for  Acting  Charades.— Arrow- 
root. Bonfire.  Book-worm.  Belfry.  Earrings. 
Handsome.  Indolent.  Necklace.  Sentinel. 
Tennyson.    Watchman. 

Midas,  in  ancient  fable,  was  able  by  his  touch 
to  turn  anything  into  gold.  Times  are  changed 
now;  touch  a  man  with  gold  and  he  turns  into 
anything. 

Well  Known  women.— AlUe  Bama,  Callle 
Fornia,  Flori  Day,  Ida  Hoe,  Louise  Siana,  Mary 
Land,  Minnie  Sota,  Mis  Souri,  Mrs.  Sippi,  Tennie 
See.  

Wisdom  and  Happiness.— There  is  this  differ- 
ence between  wisdom  and  happiness.  He  who 
thinks  himself  the  happiest  man,  really  is;  but 
he  who  thinks  himself  the  wisest,  Is  generally 
the  greatest  fool. 


For  Repairing  Family  Jars.— Mutual  love, 
"Well  stirred  with  forbearance,  mixed  witli  readi- 
ness to  forgive  and  general  good  temper,  is  an 
admirable  cement.  It  is  well  to  set  the  family 
Jars  on  the  shelf  at  once. 


One  Way  to  Pay  a  Debt.— "Yes,"  said  Dear 
con  Lee,  *'  let  us  vote  to  have  a  supper  and  eat 
ourselves  rich.  First  we  will  buy  some  food  and 
give  it  to  the  church.  Then  we  will  buy  it 
back  again.  Then  we  will  eat  it  up  and  the 
church  debt  will  be  paid. 


The  smallest  post  ofBce  in  the  world  is  kept  in 
a  barrel,  fastened  by  an  iron  chain  to  the  outer- 
most rock  overhanging  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 
It  is  opened  by  every  ship  that  pa.sses  through 
the  Straits ;  either  to  deposit  letters,  or  to  take 
them  out  and  speed  then  on  their  way.  It  keeps 
itself,  and  asks  no  salary. 


WEATHER  WISDOM. 

When  the  weather  is  wet,  we  must  not  fret; 
When  the  weather  is  dry,  we  must  not  cry  : 
When  the  weather  is  cold,  we  must  not  scold  ; 
When  the  weather  is  warm,  we  must  not  storm ; 
But  be  thankful  togeiher,  whatever  the  weather. 


It  is  a  mistake  to  expect  to  recieve  welcome, 
hospitality,  words  of  cheer,  and  help  over  hard 
places  in  life,  in  return  for  cold  selfishness,  which 
cares  for  nothing  but  self.  It  is  painful  not  to 
meet  with  the  kindness  and  affection  that  you 
think  is  yours  by  right.  But  you  cannot  extort 
friendship  with  a  cocked  pistol. 


A  Jolly  Life.— What  a  Jolly  life  insects  must 
generally  lead!  Think  what  it  must  be  to  lodge 
in  a  lily  !  Fancy  the  fun  of  tucking  yourself  up 
for  the  night  in  the  folds  of  a  ro.se,  rocked  to  sleep 
by  the  summer  wind,  and  when  you  awake, 
nothing  to  do  but  wash  yourself  in  a  perfumed 
dew-drop,  and  fall  to  and  eat  your  bed-clothes ! 


Provided  For.— I  have  always  noticed  that 
when  a  poor,  shiftless,  good-for-nothing  man  is 
sent  into  the  world,  some  active,  go-ahead,  little 
woman  is  usually  fastened  to  him,  to  tow  him 
along,  and  keep  his  head  above  water.  It  is  for 
the  best,  of  course.  What  would  the  fellow  do 
without  her?  At  the  same  time,  she  sometimes 
finds  It  a  little  hard. 


A  Neglected  Hammer.— The  cause  of  a  leak 
in  a  relief  llghtrboat,  was  found  to  have  been  a 
hammer,  which  was  probably  left  In  the  bottom 
when  the  vessel  was  built,  thirteen  years  before. 
It  had,  by  the  continual  motion,  worn  through 
planking  and  keel  to  the  copper  plating,  which 
alone  kept  the  vessel  from  sinking.  Neglected 
hammers  on  a  farmer's  premises,  cause  a  good 
many  leaks. 


Trimmed  Box.— A  florist  in  New  York,  has  on 
exhibition  sonie  fine  specimens  of  boxes  trimmed 
in  many  fanciful  forms ;  one  representing  a  cow, 
another  a  dog,  and  one  old  Bruin  himself.  It  is 
easily  done,  he  says,  when  one  knows  how.  The 
plant  is  enclosed  in  a  wire  •'  coop,"  so  to  speak, 
shaped  like  the  object,  and  as  it  grows,  all  the 
outside  twigs  are  closely  clipped  away,  until  it 
just  fills  its  cage,  then  the  wire  frame  is  removed, 
and  there  is  your  bear,  dog,  or  cow. 


A  Narrow  Escape.— One  day  a  little  lad  in 
New  London  fell  down  an  embankment  into  a 
mill  stream  and  wiis  hurried  along  like  a  chip  on 
the  water,  straight  to  the  old  mill  wheel.  It  was 
thought  his  brains  would  surely  be  dashed  out, 
but  he  shot  under  it  like  a  fish,  and  continued 
his  perilous  journey,  going  under  a  bridge  and 
on  into  a  long  wooden  trough  which  supplied  an 
organ  factory.  Half  way  down  the  trough  he 
caught  at  ajoist  and  hung  on  until  rescued.  His 
first  words,  after  being  put  in  a  place  of  safety, 
were,  "  Where's  my  top?  " 


Bismarck's  Black  Dog. — Prince  Bismarck  has 
a  large,  lank,  black  dog,  which  is  his  almost  con- 
stant companion.  When  he  goes  to  the  Emperor, 
the  dog  knows  it  by  the  clothes  he  wears,  and 
never  attempts  to  accompany  him.  When  he 
goes  to  the  Reichstag,  the  Prince  usually  walks, 
and  the  dog  accompanies  him  to  the  park  gate. 
There  the  statesman  turns,  and  raising  his  hat, 
politely  says,  "Reichstag,"  and  the  dog  drops  his 
head  and  tail,  and  turns  back  reluctantly.  Who 
shall  accuse  Prince  Bismarck  of  a  want  of  polite- 
ness? 


A  farmer  cut  down  a  boundary  tree  which  a 
neighbor  claimed.  The  neighbor  prosecuted  him, 
and  the  case  was  carried  on  from  court  to  court 
and  year  to  year,  until  finally  it  was  decided  for 
the  prosecutor.  The  same  day  he  made  over  a 
deed  of  his  place  to  his  lawyer  to  settle  up  his 
costs.  Houseless  and  homeless,  his  sole  consola- 
tion was  the  cold  comfort  to  be  got  from  feeling 
"I've  beat  him!" 

Presence  of  Mind. — A  builder  one  day  ascend- 
ed to  the  top  of  a  tall  church  spire  in  Auburn 
to  do  some  work.  .Suddenly  he  grew  sick  and 
giddy.  He  was  alone  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  from  the  ground,  on  a  narrow  scaffolding. 
He  had  the  presence  of  mind  to  lie  flat  on  bis 
back  on  the  narrow  board,  and  there  be  lay 
for  a  half-hour,  as  near  as  he  could  judge, 
swinging  in  boundless  ether.  Gradually  th^e  nau- 
sea passed  away,  and  he  was  able  to  arise.  After 
growing  again  steady  in  nerve  he  finished  the 
work. 


Not  Content. — An  old  lady  whose  son  was 
sentenced  to  ten  years  imprisonment  was  greatly 
surprised  and  distressed  over  the  sentence.  She 
felt  called  upon  to  expostulate,  and  stepped  up 
before  the  judge  and  said,  pathetically,  "Why, 
Judge  I've  known  John  a  sight  longer  than  you 
have,  and  I  know  he  won't  be  contented  there  a 
week."  But  John  had  to  serve  ten  years  with  no 
body  to  ask  what  degree  of  contentment  he  wa« 
able  to  enjoy. 


A  Colt  in  the  Well.-»-Two  lads  were  left  alone 
at  home  one  day,when  a  favorite  colt  fell  Into  an 
open  well  about  twelve  feet  deep.  It  was  large 
enough  to  allow  him  cramped  standing-room, 
but  how  to  lift  him  out  was  the  puzzle.  There 
was  a  quantity  of  straw  near,  and  the  nine-year- 
old  boy  suggested  that  they  throw  it  in  by  the 
armful  until  the  colt  could  reach  the  top.  They 
tried  this  plan,  and  the  straw  was  tramped  down 
as  fast  as  supplied,  and  at  length  their  pet  walked 
out  on  straw  bail. 


Vast  beds  of  phosphatic  rock  have  been  discov- 
ered in  Mississippi,  and  the  discovery  will  be  a 
boon  to  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  South 
and  West.  Farming  lands  are  becoming  rapidly 
exhausted  of  their  phosphates,  and  they  are  the 
most  expensive  part  of  all  manures  to  replace. 
The  supply  of  bones,  which  once  constituted 
alone  the  supply,  is  now  wholly  inadequate  to 
the  demand,  and  recourse  must  be  had  to 
mineral  phosphates,  such  as  are  found  in  South 
Carolina,  and  are  now  reported  to  be  discovered 
in  Mississippi.  The  discovery  will  be  an  import- 
ant ene  to  the  vast  agricultural  interest  of  the 
United  States. 


NIGHT  ON  THE    FARM. 


I 


Now  all  clucked  home  to  their  feather  bed». 
Are  the  velvety  chicks  of  the  downy  heads, 
In  the  old  Dutch  style  with  the  beds  above. 
All  under  the  wings  of  a  hovering  love. 
But  a  few  chinked  in,  as  plump  as  wrens, 
Around  the  edge  of  the  ruflled  hens. 
With  nose  in  the  grass  the  dog  keeps  guard, 
With  long-drawn  breaths  in  the  old  farm  yard. 
The  cattle  stand  on  the  scattered  straw, 
And  cease  the  swing  of  the  under  jaw. 
«  «  «  *  « 

And  everywhere  the  pillows  fair, 
Are  printed  with  heads  of  tumbled  hair, 
Time  walks  the  house  with  a  clock-tick  tread. 
Without  and  within  the  farm  Is  abed  ! 


Warranted  to^^Crow. 


or  order  refilled  g'ratis.    1  have  aold  vegetable  and  flower 
seed  to  over  a  million  farmers  and  Kardeners  In  tha 

United  Statfs,  perhaps  some  are  your  neigbbors,  if  so  ask 

them  whether  Ibey  are  reliable.    Mr.  Thomas  HenHhall  of 

Tr«y, Kansas, writes  me  :  "For  26  years  1  havedeuU  with 

you.    I  have  lived  in  Iowa,  Missouri,  Colorado,  and  Kan- 

*,  and  no  matter  what  the  soil  or  climate,  the  result 

IS     Hlways    the    same,    to    wit: — rellglouBly   honeit 

and   good."    This  is  the  kind  of    seed   I  raise  and   sell.     The 

Hubbard    and  Marblehead    Squash.    Marblehead 

J'orn,  Marblehead  ('abbafceg.  Ohio  Potato,  Kclipfle 

Beet,  are  some  of  the  vegetables  of  which  1  was  the  uriyinaTin- 

troducer.  A  Fair  with  $500  in  premiums.  SeemycataloRue.Ir'eeto  all. 

OAMES  J.  H.  GREGORY,  (Seed Grower).  Marblehead.  Mass 


MONEY  IN  POTATOESI 


400  BUSHELS  Ta   THE 
ACRE  AS  A  FIELD  CROP. 


^•vtngliapar 


The  appendix,  kItL 

tial  description  ofthe  nt:w  vi 
riftlcts  their  iiierlt«  ond  de- 
fe«'tm   In  worth  the  prleo  of' 
the  boi>k  to  every  one  who 
*    ■■     Intends  to  buy  ' 
ronobuKhel  of, 
e^oed  l*ota 
^^^T^-rrg toe* 


OUR  NEW  BOOK.  V„s'r^ 

Ountyotcm  lully  explained  In  1  t  Chu 


plete  Instructor  for  tho- 

:o  (irowcr.    illustrated* 

•ystcin  fully  explained  In  17  Chapters.  &6  well  print* 

ed  paRes  and  a  liaQdsonit;  cover,  coctairiing  i.hii[iifrs  fully  exiilaiolDg 
the  foUowiDc  ni'w  ideas  and  .-ihuwiug  iln'se  t'sseulial  jHjinW  io  potato 
raisiDg: — Selection  of  tlround— desirable  boils.  eoMs  to  b«  avoid- 
ed, virgin  soil,  clover  soil ;    Manure  and  Its  Appllcotlon — feedi 
tho  land  well  and  it  will  feed  you  ;  Preparing  tne  Soil— lall  aad 
spnaK  plowini;*,  fininK  the  Foil,  mucliiap.  dii-pih  of  furrows,  the  "  Rur- 
al    method  ;  Selections  of  Seed — the  best  variety,  high  breeding 
of  potatoes;  Outtinc  tho  Seed— single  eye.  yields  resulting  from, 
sdirfcrcnt  amounts  of   seid  ;  Plantlne— time  o'f  planting,  distance 
"-xpnrt    Cultlvatlnc— harrow  and  culiivator,  shovel  plow,  hoe.  level 
^:;  ultivation  versus  hilling:  Buffsand  Worms— ihc  White  Grub,  tho 
^W'lre  Worm,  the  Colorn.do  Potato  Bug;  Ilarventlnit— tinieofdigging;, 
^  i^lato  diEgerf^.  hand  iiiiplcmcnts,  plow  sorting,  handy  crates.    Sec^ 


otatoes— i'ro.!uc 

hifpiu^  trade.  hii;h   br^ 

■rtM,  Late  "^ort** — UuuuKire  deed 


COST  AN1>  PKOFITS. 

Rent  (I  a. -re  in  n--\v  .■l.jv.r  worili  jlUO)  .  Jfi  00 
Mainire,  l.>  loadj  or  us  equivalent,    .     ,  15  00 
Plowiu,' and  harrowing.  ......    2  00 

Marking,  plowing  furrows,  coveriag,     .     1  50 

Dripping  seed  bv  hand, 1  50 

Seed,  25  bushela  @OUc 15  00 

Cultivating,  etc 5  00 

Harvesting  and  marketing, 5  00 

Suppose  vou  rame  $5!  00  

250  bu^b«la  @  2io.  m  50 

Proflt,     111  50 

^^^^^iTjT^io^narg^ercentage 


!  for  thi 


lea,  thiir  dissemination,  local  or 
■'liuK;  F;.vtra  Early  Sorts— F^arly   Ohio, 

ng.  Mammoih  Peail.U.K.  Mammoth  Prolifli 


Lw  H  Favorite;  Early  8orts» Intermedial  

HAVE,  YOU  AN  ACRE  YOU  INTEND  TO  PLANT  IN  POtAtOES? 

"*"■  "    '  w^— — M^^i^^^M^^     Ifao,  It  will  pay  yon  to  see  this  bool.     AH  other  sub- 


J-'cta  have  been  fully  treated   by  c. 
The  strawberry  has  had  ten  buoka 


petent  authors. 

■itteu  about  it  to 
one  concerning  the  potato.  Which  have  you  thenioat 
money  In-  UltDnTIMirO  make  It  necessary 
vesti'dln?  nHnlf  lllllLO  forustomakcev- 
srylhing  tell.  Read^tbe  table  which  is  here  placed. 
Compare  this  with  400  hiisheh=$lUO=proht=|49.  If 
we  san  show  you  IhisdKTerence  on  one  acre,  why  hes- 
itate to  eend  50  cents  for  this  book?  The  results  of 
ETpertmcntA  In  Hilled  vs.  Level  Plontlns 
fully  discussed  and  clearly  explained.  This  lessjjo 
is  worth  many  time-!  the  cost  of  the  book  Keciilns 
the  Crop  afler  Harvestlnip.  To  «ave  two  bwsh- 


(he  result 

Address, 


-     -  _  le  improied  methoils  described  In  this  book.     Two  bushel* 

.■seldom  sell  less  than  50  cents  in  aiiy  part  of  this  country.      This  makes  another  lesson  worth  more 
"^than  the  cost  of  the  book.     SorUnfc  the  Seed.  Valuable  hints  on  the  subject.  An  original  lilaa 
uruiitny  years*  experience.     Thi*  book  is  m^t  rn.m  the  press  and  will  be  mailed  post-paid  on  receiptor  50ol 


with  .'50  conts  in  stamps  or  postal  note, 

FRAEffKIiIN  NHWS  CO. 


FBIIiADEIiFHIA.  PA. 


12 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


'Vox..  IV-,  JSTo.  iih:. 


T/te  Farm,  and  Garden  is  published  at  725  Fil- 
bert Street,  Philadelphia,  Penna.  It  is  mailed  to 
subscribers  from  the  'loth  to  the  lap  day  of  the 
month  preceding  date  of  isstie.  The  subscription 
price  is  50  cents  a  year,  but  it  is  sent  in  clubs  of  4 
or  more  at  25  cents  a  year. 


Page  1." 
Page  2." 


Page 
Page 


Page  5. 
Page  6. 
Page  7. 
Page  8. 
Page  9. 


Page  10.— 

Page  11.- 
Page  12.- 
Page  li- 
pase 14. 
Page  1.5. 


Page  16.—. 


CONTENTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER. 

■Portrait  of  Gen.  Withers.    Spring  Table  Fare. 

■Farmer's  Home  Garden.  Killing  the  Cabbage 
Worm.  The  Southern  Fever.  Cutting  the 
Seed. 

■Garden  Works.  Accounts  with  Crops.  Grains 
of  Corn.    Malting  a  Hot  Bed. 

The  Shannon  Apple.  Comment  on  our  Straw- 
berry Issue. 

■.\pple  Geomelrids. 

■Our  Flower  Garden. 

■Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 

■Live  Stock. 

■Operating  Incubators.  Meat  for  Fowls.  Grow- 
ing Shade  Poultry  Yard.  Poultry  Scratch- 
ings. 

Air  and  Sun  Bath.  As  Beautiful  as  You  Can. 
A  Bit  of  Oiit-Door  Life  in  the  Sick  Room. 
Saving  Mother.    Recipes,. 

Odds  and  Ends. 

■Editorial  Comment. 

Clippings. 

Correspondence. 

Growth  of  Y'oung  Chicks.  Poultry  Scratch- 
ings. 

A  Collection. 


These  prices  include   the  paper   named,  and 
the  Farm  and  Garuex. 


American  Agriculturist,     .  $l.'Jd 

Arthura  Home  Magazine,  1.7.T 

Breeder's  tiazelte,     .    .    .  2.^ 

Carpcnlrv  and  Iluilding,  .  1-00 

Centurv  Mac-urine.    .     .     .  3  ft.'i 

Chicago  Weekly  News,  .     .  l.'JO 
Cultivator     and     Country 

Gentlemen 2.35 

Demt,rest's   Monthly,     .     .  1.8.1 

Farmer  s  Magazine 50 

Farm  Journal 60 

Farmer's  Review 1.35 

■Golden  Argosy 1.60 


Green's  Fruit  Grower,    .    .  10.55 

Harper's  Magazine,    .    .    .  3.3.> 

Home  and  Farm T5 

Household Mo 

New  York  Tribune,    .     .     .  l-'-'.'i 

Poultrv  Keeper, •" 

Foultr'v  World Mo 

Purdv's  Fruit  Recorder,    .  .N> 

Rural  New  Yodter.    .    .    .  2.'.'.i 

Salurdav  Kvening  Post,     .  l.S.'i 

Tribune  and  Farmer,     .     .  l.ift 

Vicks  Monthlv l.l.'> 

Youth's  Companion,    $1.60  -2.I0 


youth.  Be  careful  tvith  your  boys.  They  need 
employment,  but  it  must  be  of  a  light  nature, 
el.se  they  break  down  before  reaching  manhood. 
And  thus  it  is  also  with  young  colts. 


Gditpoi^ial  ©ommbnt. 


^fay.  A  new  Impulse  is  given  to  the  land.  Xew 
life  springs  up  everywhere.  All  of  nature's  forces 
that  have  been  dormant  for  a  long  lime,  are  ac- 
tive. The  skies  arc  cloudless,  and  the  Helds  arc 
green.  It  is  a  ti'mc  of  love,  of  gootl  will,  of  cheer- 
fulness, of  bright  hopes.  Here  nature  sets  an 
example  iliat  is  worth  imitating.  Let  the  farmer 
stop  gruiitliliiig  aiiout  hard  times,  low  prices,  the 
■wcatlier.  tiiiil  other  things,  lie  lias  every  rea.son 
to  look  liiipel'uUy  and  clieerlully  into  the  future. 
With  steady  liand  he  holds  the  plow  and  turns 
over  the  soil  Just  the  way  he  wants  it,  and  the 
way  that  will  jirove  the  most  protttable  for  him 
antl  his  ])urposcs. 

Let  him  sliow  the  same  steadiness  in  other 
matters.  The  great  American  farm  has  a  won- 
derously  fertile  soil,  and  prosperity  cannot  fail  to 
grow  tiiereon,  though  it  may  periodically  be  cov- 
■ercd  up  by  a  few  inches  of  soil,  wliich  must  be 
reversed,  firumliliiig  only  serves  to  make  a  bad 
matter  worse;  while  with  steady  work  you  can 
soon  prepare  a  mellow  seed  Ijed,  and  prosperity 
'Will  l>e  the  result. 

May,  for  the  more  Northern  States,  is  the  chief 
month  of  i>laiiting.  A  thorough  preparation  of 
the  soil  is  an  essential  factor.  This,  in  particular. 
Is  the  ca.se  with  potatoes.  Plant  them  on  well 
pulverized  land,  four  inches  deep,  and  'ising  a 
suHieieney  of  seed,  which  varies  with  the  variety 
planted,  with  the  condition  of  soil,  and  the  cost 
of  seed. 

Corn  should  be  planted  as  soon  as  the  ground 
has  "become  warm  ami  danger  from  late  frosts  is 
past.  We  strtnigl.v  atlvise  planting  deep  enough, 
say  three  inches,  or  more,  so  the  field  can  I'c  har- 
rowed in  eight  or  ten  days  after  planting,  withi>ut 
fear  of  damaging  the  young  plants  b.v  the  opera- 
tion. 

The  garden  should  not  be  neglected  at  this 
time. 

Some  early  kind  of  sweet  corn  may  be  planted 
long  before  it  would  be  safe  to  plant  field  corn. 
Should  a  late  frost  injure  it.  but  little  is  lost,  and 
the  patch  can  be  replanted  at  once. 

There  is  no  better  variety  of  sweet  corn  than 
Black  Mexican.  None  can  c<:>mpare  with  it  in 
tenderness;  try  it.  Repeated  plantings  of  tliis 
may  be  made.  The  best  variety  for  late  use  is 
Stowell's  Evergreen. 

Alsomakerepeatedplantingsof  lettuce,  radish, 
peas,  cabbage,  etc. 


Pasture  time  has  come  again.  Prepare  your 
stock  for  the  change  in  their  food  gradually.  Do 
not  turn  out  to  pasture  as  long  as  the  grass  is 
short.  Do  not  turn  .stock  into  new  and  rank 
clover,  when  wet  with  dew.  Do  not  leave  them 
in  such  clover  fields  too  long  for  the  first  few 
days.  Working  horses  should  not  be  turned  out 
into  the  pasture.  Keep  and  feed  them  in  the 
stable.  Then  they  will  not  waste  their  strength 
in  useless  frolic,  and  you  can  find  them  when 
their  services  are  needed. 

If,  however,  you  must  pasture  them,  take  some 
oats,  meal,  or  salt  with  you  into  the  field,  and 
teach  your  horses  to  come  to  you  when  you  call 
them.  Kindness  is  cheap  and  effective,  "i'our 
horses  will  not  come  to  you  If  you  lose  your 
temper  and  throw  stones  and  sticks,  and— worst 
of  all— profane  language  at  them.  Keep  working 
horses  as  quiet  as  possible,  and  never  pasture 
them  with  colts  in  the  same  field,  nor  is  it  profi- 
table to  pasture  fattening  stock  together  with 
any  other  which  might  disturb  their  quietude. 
Milch  cows  also  do  better  when  pasturing  by 
themselves.  

Before  you  pasture  look  at  the  fences  in  the 
pasture  lot.  "i'ou  will  find  it  just  lus  easy  now  as 
later,  when  thecattle  have  broken  outand  gotten 
into  mischief.  Besides,  the  cattle  soon  learn 
how  to  tear  down  a  poor  fence,  and  afterward,  if 
you  build  a  good  one,  they  continue  to  practice 
on  it.  

Now,  while  we  think  of  it,  do  not  forget  that 
the  farmer's  wife  has  faithfully  discharged  her 
domestic  duties  during  a  k>ng  winter.  The  days 
were  short,  and  you  have  had  an  easy  time  of  it, 
comparatively  speaking.  But  there  wa.s  not 
much  of  a  let-up  on  your'wife's  work.  The  daily 
routine  of  her  life  is  nearly  'he  same  throughout 
the  year— cooking,  washing,  mending,  sewing, 
cleaning  house,  etc.  she  has  walked  the  flot>r 
with  the  baby,  sat  up  nights  with  the  sick  child- 
ren, perhaps  with  yourself. 

Now  you  have  one  or  two  extra  hands  during 
the  planting  sca.son,  in  haying  and  harvesting. 
.She  needs  some  ellieient  help  also.  Hire  the 
washing  and  ironing  done,  if  nothing  more.  You 
bny  all  the  labor-saving  contrivances  for  your 
own  benefit.  Is  she  provided  with  a  washing 
machine,  clothes  wringer,  etc.?  Do  you  compel 
her  to  do  the  milking  and  churning?  The  self- 
sacrltleing  creature  is  so  ready  to  help  and  over- 
exert herself.    Will  .vou  let  her  do  it? 

She  needs  fresh  air  after  the  long  conflnement 
in-doors. .  It  is  so  beautiful  everywhere,  with  the 
trees  In  blossom  and  the  birds  singing.  Give  her 
a  chance  to  enjoy  it. 


We  find  another  thing  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
States,  which  strikes  us  as  very  curious.  In 
spite  of  all  the  climatic  advaiittiges  that  these 
States  ha^'e  over  more  Northerit  States,  the  aver- 
age hen  has,  at  this  writing,  lAprili,  laid  but  few 
eggs.  Northeim  peftple  have  commenced  setting 
hens  and  raising  chicks.  No  preparations  ai'e 
made  to  do  so  further  South.    Why  not? 

Chickens,  for  instance  in  Virginia,  might  now 
be  large  enough  to  be  shipped  to  the  Washington 
and  Philadelphia  markets. 


Tkie  practice  of  applying  nitrogenous  manures 
to  mucky  soils  is  like  carrying  owls  to  Athens, 
like  sweetening  honey  with  sugar,  or  likestimula^ 
ting  a  drunken  person  with  aichohol.  The 
homeopathic  principle,  siitiilin  yituifibus,  does  not 
hold  good  in  this  case.  All  soils  which  consist 
largely  of  decayed  veget.able  matter— after  thor- 
ough drainage — are  benefitted  after  manuring 
with  lime,  ashes,  kainit,  sand,  and  phosphoric 
acid.  These  ingredients  'Will  piiv  better  than 
farm-yard  manures. 


Verbenas  are  easily  grown  from  the  seed,  and 
much  more  vigorous  than  plants  from  cuttings. 
A  ten-cent  paper  of  seed  will  give  you  all  the 
plants  you  want  for  quite  a  large  bed.  It  may  be 
best  to  start  the  plants  in  a  box  or  pan,  or  they 
maybe  sown  right  where  you  want  them.  Wfe 
find  a  bed  of  seedlings  much  more  satisfactory 
than  one  of  such  plants  as  are  generally  bought 
of  the  florists.  Let  the  good  woman  remember 
this. 


Mrs.  Lizzie  Cotton,  whose  acquaintance  has 
proved  to  be  very  dear  to  many  of  our  bee-keepers, 
has  found  means  to  escape  the  vigilance  of 
"farmer"  Atkinson's  watch-dog.  We  see  her 
"ads."  in  one  or  the  other  of  the  more  careless 
agricultural  papers,  but  as  for  an  editorial  en- 
dorsement—we had  thought  that  a  thing  of 
impossibility. 

"  Lizzie"  has  been  exposed  as  an  old  fraud.  Her 
high-priced  model  bee-hive  is  a  very  *»iri'/  nioilel, 
and  n  full-sized  hive,  made  after  this  pallrrii,  is  no 
better  than  any  common,  movable  comb- hive. 
She  has  for  many  years  swindled  the  gullible 
bee-keepers  so  persistently  that  even  her  sex  was 
questioned.  Has  she  now  turned  over  a  new 
leaf?  Has  she  become  honest?  The  change  is 
almost  loo  sudden.  Let  our  friends  steer  clear  of 
her. 


Nor  should  the  farmer's  wife  be  deprived  of  the 
enjoyments  that  flowers  can  give.  She  appreci- 
ates the  beautiful.  It  cheers  her  and  keeps  up 
her  spirits  in  the  dry  routine  o(  kitchen  lite.  She 
wants  flowers.  Her  nature  demands  them.  Help 
her  to  lix  up  a  nice  lied  of  Geraniums,  or  Phlox, 
or  Verbenas,  or  Coleus  in  the  front  yard.  It 
makes  home  attractive  and  helps  to  make  the 
children  appreciate  farm-life. 

/s'iiiiilin  similibiis.'  The  beautiful  for  the  beauti- 
ful ;  and  a  faithl'ul  wife,  no  matter  how  plain  she 
may  be.  as  long  as  she  does  her  duty  as  well  as 
the  average  farmer's  wife,  is  a  beautiful  creature, 
and  deserves  appreciation. 


To  manufacture  by  h.and  the  envelopes  which 
are  used  in  this  counlry  would  require  the  hibor 
of  a  quarter  of  a  million  of  men.  The  last  cen- 
sus shows  that  but  1204  persons  were  employed 
In  the  manul'acture  of  that  article.  We  see 
herein  the  superiority  of  ingenuity  over  mere 
mechanical  labor,  and  the  reason  why  America 
and  her  inventive  skill  can  successfully  compete 
with  the  "pauper  labor  "  of  Europe,  and  why 
the  American  manulacturer  can  aflord  to  pay 
better  wages  than  his  foreign  rival. 


Young  boys  and  colts  should  not  be  put  to  very 
bard  work.  We  know  many  .voung  men  suffer- 
ing with  some  of  the  infirmities  of  old  jige  in 
consequence  of  having  been  forced  to  exert  all 
their  strength  in   pulling  and   lilting   in  c«rly 


What  splendid  orchards  and  what  abundance 
of  fine  fruit  the  .Southern  farmer  might  have  if 
he  but  knew  how  to  treat  his  trees!  It  is  very 
sclilom  th.at  we  have  seen  a  Southern  orchard 
that  was  not  covered  with  a  growth  of  weeds 
threeor  four  feet  high.  Part  of  the  lower  branches 
of  the  trees,  peach  as  well  as  apple,  lay  upon  the 
ground,  and  are  hidden  by  the  weed  growth. 
Trees  luave  never— or  hardly  ever — been  trimmed. 
Many  of  the  branches  were  brolvcn.  and  left 
where  they  fell.  It  is  a  perfect  chaos.  .Many 
farmers  do  not  wish  to  take  off  the  superfious 
limbs,  for  fear  of  losing  the  fruit  that  will  grow 
on  them.  Inferior  fruit  must  be  the  result  Of  this 
false  economy. 

The  neglect  to  trim  the  young  trees,  and  the 
lack  of  the  knowledge,  "how  to  do  it,"  which  is 
veri/  general,  is  at  the  bottom  of  all  this  mischief. 
If  you  have  yr>ung  trees,  one  or  two  years  from 
the  setting,  do  not  fail  to  trim  tliem  judiciously, 
and  in  such  manner,  that  they  will  develop  into 
a  desirable  shape.  Not  more  than  three  or  four 
branches  should  be  left  on  the  body,  and  these 
higher  or  lo\(er,  according  as  you  wish  the  tops 
of  .vour  trees  high  or  low. 

Always  cultivate  a  young  orchard.  Afterwards 
seed  to  clover  or  other  grasses,  and  pasture  with 
sheep  or  hogs. 


Tltorough  preparation  of  the  soil,  anrl  liberal 
feeding,  together  with  good  seed,  will  insure 
success  in  growing  cereals,  every  time.  Bear  this 
in  mind.  

Have  you  given  due  attention  to  tiiat  question 
of  "  co-operation ''  in  the  dairy  business?  Would 
it  not  pay  the  farmers  of  your  neighborhood  to 
establish  a  central  gilt-edged  butler  manufac- 
tory? Will  you  not  consider  the  advantages  of 
that  proposition,  and  confer  with  your  neighbors 
tibout  it  ?  

A  number  of  our  correspondents  have  been  so 
well  plea.sed  with  our  "  First  Annual  Str-awberry 
Number,"  that  we  have  been  obliged  to  print  a 
numljer  of  extra  copies  of  that  issue.  We  can 
now  funish  them  for  .5  cents  each  to  all  who  are 
intei'csted  in  this  fruit. 


We  have  been  so  well  pleased  with  the  success 
of  our  special  number  devoted  to  strawberries, 
and  so  surprised  at  the  interest  it  has  excited, 
that  we  have  planned  a  series  of  special  issues. 
The  first  three  of  these  which  we  now  announce 
are  August,  Sheep— the  breeds,  meth*>ds  of 
care,  clippings,  with  a  review  of  the  jnices  of 
wool,  etc.  It  will  be  illustrated  with  a  number 
of  fine  cuts,  and  contain  more  useful  information 
than  many  books  devoted  entirely  to  the  subject. 


We  are  asked  to  name  a  good  fertilizer  for 
roses.  Soot  is  to  be  recommended  as  a  top- 
dressing.  For  roses  in  fiower-pots,  we  know 
of  nothing  better  than  a  mulch  of  moss,  which 
was  sprinkled  with  Food  for  Flowers  iBowker'sl 
or  bone-dust.  A  few  drops  of  ammonia  mixed 
with  the  water  used  for  them  is  also  good. 
Watch  the  aphis  on  roses  and  verbenas.  E.x- 
posure  to  tobacco  smoke  will  kill  the  pest. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


13 


(sLIPPINGS. 


It  is  our  desire  to  make  tlwse  so  full  and  varied  that  evert/ 

reader  0/  the  Farm  and  Garden,  eiren  though  he  takes 

710  of /i€r  paper  can/eel  in  a  ineasuere  acquainted 

with  all  the  leading  publications. 


From  "  Farmers'  Beview,''  Chicago,  III. 

From  March  Ist,  1884,  to  March  1st,  1885,  the  number  ol 
hogs  packed  in  Chicago  was  4,228,205,  hein{{  316,000  more 
than  in  the  previous  year.  We  have  not  at  hand  the 
figures  showing,  in  addition  to  these,  the  number  re- 
ceived here  and  shipped  to  the  eastern  markets  or  con- 
sumed in  the  city  retail  trade.  Taking  the  number 
packed  as  given  above,  the  following  calculations  will 
be  of  interest:  If  formed  in  double  lines,  allowing  live 
hogs  to  the  rod  in  each,  they  would  form  in  double  col- 
umn, 1321  miles  in  length,  or  nearly  equal  to  the  distance 
from  Omaha  to  New  York.  Allowing  an  average  of 
250  pounds,  their  total  weight  would  be  528,520  tons.  This 
would  freight  52,852  ears  at  ten  tons  each.  Allowing  33 
feet  to  each  car,  tliis  would  make  a  continuous  string  of 
over  82»^  miles  in  length.  At  an  average  price  of  $4.50 
per  100  ijounds,  live  weight,  their  value  amounts  to  the 
sura  of  $45,566,306.25.  Corn  is  king,  but  the  hog  is,  at 
least,  one  of  his  prime  ministers. 


From  "Floritlu  Despatch." 

CONCRETE   WALKS. 

An  engineer  tells  how  to  make  a  cement  or  concrete 
walk  requiring  no  great  skill  in  preparing  materials. 
These  are  water,  lime,  and  gravel  or  ashes,  or  both.  The 
gravel  and  ashes  are  put  iri  a  heap  and  wetted.  One 
barrel  of  the  water  lime  is  mixed  with  sharp,  clean,  dry 
sand,  being  shoveled  over  back  and  forth  several  limes  to 
get  a  thorough  mixture.  A  portion  is  then  mixed  with 
water  into  a  thin,  ssft  mortar,  and  five  parts  of  the  wet 
gravel  or  ashes  are  well  mixed  with  it.  so  that  every 
fragment  is  coated  with  the  combining  mortar.  This  is 
important  for  obvious  reasons.  This  concrete  is  spread 
on  the  graded  walk  and  beaten  down  with  a  rammer  un- 
til the  moisture  gathers  on  the  surface.  Some  of  tlie 
dry  sand  or  cement  is  then  scattered  over  the  surface  to 
absorb  the  moisture  and  the  surface  is  smoothed  over 
with  a  plank  rubber  having  a  sloping  handle  to  work  it 
back  and  forth.  In  a  few  days  this  is  hard  and  becomes 
harder  with  time.  By  making  divisions  of  thin  strips  of 
wood  or  tarred  paper,  the  cement  may  be  laid  down  in 
blocks,  squares,  or  diamond-shaped,  and  for  extra  good 
walks  the  blocks  may  be  colored  by  mixing  the  finish 
coat  with  brown  or  gray  or  other  colors  alternately. 


From  '*  Oxicaoo  Express.^' 

HOW    DYNAMITE    IS   MADE. 

The  most  powerful  engine  of  destruction  ever  dis- 
covered is  prepared  in  a  manner  so  marvelously  easy 
that  the  wonder  is  mankind  have  not  availed  them- 
selves of  it  long  ago.  Dynamite,  from  the  Greek  word 
dunamis,  meaning  power,  is  simply  nitro-glycerine. 
The  glycerine  Ls  a  product  of  animal  fat,  usually  of 
hog's  lard.  Take  one  pound  of  nitric  and  two  pounds 
of  sulphuric  acid,  and  mix  thoroughly.  The  acids  must 
be  of  full  strength  and  purity.  The  mixture  will  cost 
33-2  cents  a  pound.  Put  seven  pounds  of  it  into  an 
earthen  jar,  and  pour  upon  it,  drop  by  drop,  one  pound 
of  common  crude  glycerine,  which  can  be  got  for  twelve 
cents.  Stir  with  a  glass  rod,  and  keep  the  jar  in  ice  or 
salt  and  ice,  or  the  thing  will  "gootT"  beiore  you  are 
ready  for  It.  The  sulphuric  acid  doe«  not  enter  as  a 
constituent  into  the  explosive,  but  serves  to  facilitate 
the  chemical  union  of  the  other  ingredients.  When  the 
chemical  combination  is  complete,  the  nitro-glycerine 
will  be  found  settled  te  the  bottom,  while  water  and  oil 
of  vitriol  float  on  top.  These  are  poured  off,  and  the 
nitro-glycerine  is  thoroughly  washed,  to  free  it  from  any 
remaining  acids.  It  is  then  complete,  a  yellowish,  sticky, 
oily  mass,  which  will  "gooflf"  almost  for  the  looking 
at  it.  It  must  be  toned  down  before  it  can  be  used. 
This  is  done  by  mixing  with  it  a  rough  powder  as  an 
absorbent— either  dried  sawdust  or  old  tanbark,  or 
pulverized  silica.  The  substance  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose,  however,  is  a  vegetable  earth  from 
Germany,  which  absorbs  and  holds  three  times  its 
weight  of  the  explosive.  The  dynamite  of  commerce  is 
not  full  strength,  as  it  would  be  too  dangerous.  Com- 
monly it  contains  forty  per  cent,  nitro-glycerine  to  sixty 
of  the  earth.  In  this  state,  as  an  explosive,  it  is  four 
and  one-half  times  as  powerful  as  gunpowder. 


Prof.  Burrili,  in  "  Pi-airie  Fannci:'^ 
POTATO  SCAB. 


THE   CAUSE   OP  THIS    AFFECTION    OF  THE   POTATO  NOT 
WELL  DEFINED. 

The  cause  of  the  injury  called  "scab"  upon  the  potato 
has  not  been  well  worked  out,  and  it  cannot  be  asserted 
as  certainly  known.  Probably  several  diseases  are 
included  under  this  common  name.  But  a  negative 
point,  which  may  be  considered  thoroughly  settled,  is 


that  insects  are  not  the  authors  of  the  mischief.  Tliere 
is,  to  be  sure,  an  appearance  of  insect  work,  but  notliing 
whatever  lias  been  observed  10  prove  that  they  have 
anytbtug  to  do  with  the  malady,  while  many  facis  dis- 
prove it.  The  disease  has  been  attributed  to  earth- 
worms, but  in  this  again  we  have  only  guess-work,  and 
the  negative  evidence  is  quite  strong.  One  or  more 
species  of  fungi  have  been  accredited  with  destructive 
work,  yet  little  is  really  known  about  these  as  agents 
rather  than  results.  A  fungus  named  Rluzoctonia  Sol- 
ani  Is  found  on  potatoes,  leaving  either  singly  or  in 
groups,  little  pustules  in  the  skin,  making  a  peculiar 
roughness,  which  is  called  a  scab  by  many.  This,  how- 
ever, is  certainly  diflferent  from  the  corroded  spots  to 
which  the  name  is  more  appropriately  applied. 

If  any  one  will  take  the  trouble  to  look  at  ihe  year-old 
twigs  of  most  trees  and  shrubs,  he  will  readily  find  in 
the  bark  little  light-colored,  rough  specks.  These  are 
known  to  botanists  as  lenticles.  and  consist  of  cork-like 
formations,  the  cells  of  which  soon  lose  the  power  of 
absorbing  water,  and  of  course  die.  They  are,  however, 
normal  growths,  and  cannot  be  classed  as  disease  pro- 
ducts. They  likewise  occur  on  the  potato  tuber,  which 
it  is  worth  the  while  to  remember,  is  a  true  branch  of 
the  stem,  and  in  this  respect  is  like  ordinary  serial 
branches.  But  it  is  claimed  that  under  some  circum- 
stances these  lenticles  are  beginning  points  of  rupture 
and  decay  in  the  skin,  and  that  the  final  result  of  this 
is  the  scab,  without  the  intervention  of  any  living 
external  agent.  Too  much  water  and  too  much  nitro- 
genous manure  are  the  principal  causes  given  for  the 
cork-like  development.  The  disease  is  certainly  worse 
on  rich  and  wet  land.  In  answer  to  the  question  I  will 
say  that,  so  far  as  known,  the  depresse<l,  rough  spots  on 
potato  tubers,  usually  called  scab,  are  the  result  of 
normal  growths  carried  to  an  excessive  and  destructive 
development  through  surroundings  adverse  to  the 
potato,  and  that  there  is  nothing  of  a  contagious  charac- 
ter in  the  malady.  The  scab  on  the  seed  cannot,  in  this 
view,  affect  the  next  crop.  The  difference  in  the  struct- 
ure of  the  skin  of  different  varieties,  is  quite  enough  to 
account  for  the  facts  noted  in  the  letter  of  inquiry. 


Frojn  "Journal  of  Frogre-ss." 

ABOUT   FILES. 

How  many  of  our  readers  know  that  the  file  is  first 
mentioned  in  the  Bible  (see  1  Samuel,  xiii,  21),  nearly 
eleven  hundred  years  before  Christ?  The  file  is  also 
spoken  of  by  Homer  in  his  Odyssey,  eight  hundred 
years  before  Christ. 

The  blanks  from  which  files  are  made  are  first  formed 
by  blacksmiths,  quickly.  They  are  then  made  very  soft 
and  ground  to  shape.  In  this  shape  they  are  given  to  the 
cutter,  who  sits  astride  a  wooden  bench  and  has  before 
him  an  anvil,  or  block  of  stone,  iron,  or  wood,  upon  which 
is  laid  astripof  pewter ;  on  this  strip  of  pewter  is  placed 
the  blank,  with  the  tang  or  tail  toward  the  cutter. 

Over  the  blank,  and  passing  under  the  feet  of  the 
operator,  is  a  stout  leather  strap,  for  the  purpose  of 
holding  the  blank  in  position.  In  the  hand  of  the  cutter 
is  a  short,  stout  chisel,  which  he  places  in  position  on  the 
point  of  the  blank,  the  top  leaning  from  him  at  an  angle 
of  twelve  to  fourteen  degrees.  With  a  heavy  hammer 
the  first  blow  is  struck,  and  the  first  burr  formed  on  the 
blank.  The  chisel  is  now  drawn  forward  and  again 
pushed  back  and  rests  against  the  burr  just  formed, 
which  serves  as  a  guide  for  the  next  cut,  and  soon  until 
the  whole  length  of  file  is  cut. 

Theobject  of  holding  the  chisel  at  an  angle  from  you  Is 
to  form  the  burr  in  the  shape  of  a  saw  tooth,  and  not  like 
a  V,  which  would  be  the  shape  If  held  perpendicularly. 

The  distance  between  the  teeth  is  owing  to  the  force  of 
the  blow.  Thus,  a  hard  blow  makes  a  coarse  file  and  a 
light  blow  makes  a  fine  one. 

Double  cut  files  are  made  by  making  asecondcut,  simi- 
lar to  the  first,  only  the  blow  is  lighter  and  the  position 
of  the  chisel  is  changed  to  cut  across  the  fir.sLrow. 

To  harden,  they  are  coated  with  a  mixture  or  flour, 
salt  brine,  aufi  charcoal  dust,  to  prevent  the  teeth  from 
burning. 

They  are  then  placed  in  a  bath  of  melted  lead,  one  at  a 
time,  until  they  become  red-hot.  They  are  then  with- 
drawn and  a  blow  stiuck  with  a  lead  hammer,  the  file 
being  laid  on  a  pewter  block  to  straighten  it,  if  bent. 

Theobject  of  striking  it  is  to  free  it  of  burnt  scales.  It 
is  now  plunged  into  cold  salt  brine  to  temper. 

The  tangs  now  have  to  be  drawn  and  the  file  scoured 
by  brushing  with  fine  sand,  after  which  they  are  washed 
in  lime  water  and  then  thoroughly  washed  and  dried, 
rubbed  with  turpentine  and  oil,  and  are  considered  fin- 
ished.   

From  "Joseph's''  book. 

MONEY    IN    POTTtfoES. 


Lesson  15.—^  suMciency  of  seed  is  the  basis,  the  conditio 
sine  qua  non  of  our  400  bushel  crop  on  commmifarm  soil. 
The  amount  of  seed  influences  the  yield  fully  as  much, 
if  notmore.than  any  other  single  thing  or  circumstance, 
degreo  of  fertility  not  excepted. 

Let  us  look  at  the  theoretical  side  of  the  question. 
The  chief  function  of  the  foliage  is  of  a  digestive  charac- 
ter. The  storage  of  a  considerable  amount  of  pulp  in 
tubers,  like  the  accumulation  of  flesh  and  fat  in  animals, 
is  utterly  impossible,  even  with  an  abundance  of  food, 


unless  the  digestive  organs  are  fully  developed  and  in 
perfect  working  order.  You  might  make  light  of  the 
absorptive  powers  of  the  foliage— as  feeders  in  the  air — 
or  of  the  benefits  derived  from  their  services  as  mulch 
(which  are  not  to  be  de.spised  in  a  dry  season),  yet,  you 
cannot  dispute  away  the  fuft,  that  a  diminution  of  the 
product  in  flesh  or  tuber,  must  be  the  inevitable  conse- 
quence of  every  mutilation,  crippling,  or  retarded  and 
imperfect  development  of  the  digestive  machinery. 
This  influence  of  the  amount  of  foliage  upon  the  yield, 
is  fully  established  by  the  comparative  yields  of  early 
and  late,  that  is  of  dwarf  (low  top)  and  tall  varieties^ 
the  latter  out-yielding  the  former,  generally,  in  about 
the  proportion  of  their  tops. 

Lesson  \Q—The  larger  the  seed  piece,  the  earlier  and 
more  thrifty  unit  be  the  growth  of  the  tops. 
How  is  the  desired  luxuriance  of  the  foliage,  and  par- 
ticularly its  early  development  to  be  obtained?  By 
accepting  Nature's  method  of  seeding.  If  we  want  to 
raise  a  fine  calf  we  let  him  suck  all  the  fresh  milk  h* 
wants.  No  substitute  will  fill  the  plat-e  of  that  diet; 
and  without  it,  great  care  is  required  in  Dringii..!'  nim  up. 
Nor  is  there  any  food  that  agrees  with  anew  born  bah© 
as  well  as  the  food  which  Nature  intended  for  it— a 
healthy  mother's  milk.  The  analogy  between  these 
instances  and  the  case  of  the  potato  plant  is  vinniistaku- 
ble.  The  mother-tuber  eontains  the  natural  food  for  the 
plant  in  sufficient  quantity  to  support  the  young  growth, 
to  supply  it  with  a  large  number  of  roots,  and  thus  to 
make  it  strong  and  able  to  look  for  its  food  supply 
elsewhere.  If  the  infant-food  in  the  tuber  is  materially 
shortened  or  divided  among  a  great  number  of  mouths, 
by  close  cutting,  theplantlet  is  thrown  on  its  own  resour- 
ces before  having  gained  sufficient  strength,  and  forced 
to  partake  of  food  little  suited  lor  its  weak  digestion. 
Retarded  growth  of  foliage,  if  not  a  weakly  condition 
throughout  tlie  season,  with  decreased  yield  of  tubers  ds 
a  natural  consequence,  is  the  almost  sure  penalty  of 
this  common  error.  The  single  eye  system  is  the  root- 
hog-or-die  plan.  Repeated  applications  of  liquid  manure 
in  the  early  stages  of  growth,  or  frequent  rains  soaking 
through  a  manure-filled  soil,  may  sometime-s  counter- 
balance the  ill  effects  of  light  seeding,  but  heavy  seeding 
is  the  only  method  applicable  to  general  field  culture. 


T.  F.  Baker  in  "  Weekly  Press. 

MY    CELERY    HOUSE. 

I  have  used  this  house  for  three  years  for  storing  and 
blanching.  It  will  hold  30,000  stools,  and  I  have  not  lost 
five  dollars'  worth  from  rot  or  other  causes.  The  plants 
have  been  well  blanched,  crisp,  and  without  rust  or 
earthy  flavor.  I  have  no  trenches  to  dig,  no  banking 
for  winter,  and  less  earthing  during  growth.  My  stock 
can  be  inspected  any  time,  taken  out  in  cold  or  rain  or 
at  night,  cleaned,  washed,  and  packed  for  market  in  the 
same  place.  Celery  once  handled  can  here  be  blanched 
in  three  weeks,  and  the  temperature  can  be  kept  cool 
and  damp,  to  ensure  the  best  quality. 

The  cellar,  sixteen  by  forty  feet,  and  three  feet  deep» 
has  a  wall  eighteen  inches  thick,  and  rising  a  foot  above 
ground,  upon  which  plates  for  rafters  are  bolted  lo  keep 
the  roof  from  spreading.  Inside  the  house  is  four  feet 
high  at  the  eaves  and  eleven  at  the  peak.  The  ends  are 
weather-boarded  on  both  sides  of  six-inch  studs,  and 
filled  in  with  sawdust,  which  is  also  packed  between  the 
roof  and  a  lining  of  rough  boards  nailed  on  the  lower 
side  of  the  rafters.  This  is  frost-proof,  and  protects 
against  sudden  changes.  A  ventilator,  ten  inches  wide* 
which  extends  the  entire  lenth  of  the  roof  at  the  peak» 
with  lifting  lid.  worked  by  a  lever  insiide,  admits  air 
when  needed,  and  allows  the  escape  of  any  heat  that 
may  generate  from  the  celery.  A  door  at  each  end, 
lined  and  packed,  a  small  window  over  each  to  admit 
light,  and  steps  to  get  down  with,  complete  the  house,, 
costing  about  $200. 

In  putting  away  the  celery,  posts  are  set  in  the  ground 
ten  inches  apart,  beginning  at  each  side  of  the  end  of 
the  house  and  coming  toward  the  centre,  which  gives 
seven  to  the  side,  leaving  a  passage-way  two  feet  wide 
through  the  entire  length  of  the  building.  Three  sets  ot 
posts  on  one  side  and  four  on  the  other  will  Just  suit 
sixteen-feet  boards,  two  and  one-half  lengths  on  on& 
side  and  two  lengths  on  the  other,  with  a  space  eight 
feet  Square  for  a  washing-tank  and  room  to  prepare  for 
market.  Beginning  next  to  the  wall,  we  nail  a  board 
one  foot  wide  to  the  posts,  so  that  the  tops  of  the  celery 
are  even  with  the  top  of  the  board,  leaving  a  space  of 
from  four  to  six  inches  between  the  bottom  of  the  board 
and  the  ground,  through  which  one  hand  can  be  thrust 
to  pack  the  roots,  while  the  other  holds  the  tops  of  the 
celery  above.  We  have  some  loose,  rich  soil  to  throw 
over  the  roots,  but  not  on  the  stalks,  After  the  trench 
or  box  is  full  from  end  to  end.  with  a  hose  throwing  a 
small  stream,  we  wet  and  settle  the  soil  around  the 
roots,  which  form  new  rootlets  in  a  few  daj's.  We  never 
handle  when  wet  or  damp  from  any  cause,  neither  allow 
the  stalks  to  be  wet  when  watering  the  soil  around  the 
roots. 

After  the  house  has  been  filled  about  9ve  day .4.  care 
must  be  taken  to  give  proper  ventilation  at  the  top,  as 
there  will  be  a  violent  heat  created  by  the  mass  of 
celery  so  packed,  and  unless  that  heat  is  allowed  vent, 
rot  will  follow.  After  this  heat  subsides  there  will  be- 
no  further  trouble  or  danger  though  it  is  best  to  venti- 
late fi-eely  in  warm  weather,  but  always  from  the  top. 


14 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


^OI^I^ESPONDBNGB. 


CROWTH    AND    COST   OF   SPRrWG    CHICKENS. 

WHAT  THE  EXPENSES  ARE. 


We  append  below  a  letter  from  Mr.  H.  Blanch- 
ard,  Fresno  Flats,  Fresno  Co.,  California,  in  which 
he  gives  some  figures  in  feeding  to  which  we  in- 
vite attention : 

*'In  answer  to  your  article  on  Growth  and  Value 
of  three-months  Birds,  let  me  say  right  here  that 
the  correspondent  wlio  wrote  that  article  for  the 
Farji  and  Garden  must  have  laid  and  hatched 
his  own  chicks,  and  fed  them  on  wind. 

Last  year  I  kept  100  hens.  I  fed  2  tons  barley, 
840;  2  tons  middlings,  $40;  2  tons  shorts,  besides 
Stuff  from  the  garden,  $40;  total,  $120.  Sold  -41X1 
dozen  eggs  at  2.5  cents  per  dozen,  8100;  set  4000 
eggs,  hatched  75  per  cent.;  lost  in  rearing  10  per 
cent.;  balance  at  3  months  old,  S2600.  Sold  in  San 
Francisco  at  .30  cents  per  bird;  commission  and 
freight  off  5  per  cent.,  15  cents  for  raising,  net  10 
cents,  or  $2(10.  You  will  notice  that  old  hens  paid 
for  their  food  for  the  year,  leaving  $260  as  profit. 
These  fowls  were  confined,  I  used  no  incubator, 
but  kept  30  head  of  turkeys  that  hatched  out 
three  broods  without  leaving  the  nest — 9  weelvs. 
1  fed  a  fraction  over  one  and  one-fiftli  pounds  per 
head,  a  day.  Those,  ?75,  $100,  and  $1.50  prices  be- 
long to  the  middle-men,  not  to  the  producer." 

We  think  the  above  a  good  showing,  and  Mr. 
Blanchard  was  correct  in  making  incubators  of 
his  turkeys. — Poultry  Keeper.  « 

Editor  Farm  and  Garden  : 

Mr.  H.  Blanchard,  of  California,  in  his  letter 
published  in  the  Poultry  Keeper^  probably  refers 
to  me  and  my  list  of  weights  of  growing  chicks, 
when  he  asserts  "  that  the  correspondent  who 
wrote  th.at  article  for  the  Farm  and  Garden 
must  have  laid  and  hatched  his  own  chicks,  and 
fed  them  on  wind." 

My  list  of  weights,  as  well  as  the  reported 
amount  of  feed,  being  ascertained  by  me  per.son- 
ally  and  with  great  care,  given  in  one  of  the  is- 
sues of  Farm  and  Garden,  were  doubtless  cor- 
rect, and  I  fail  to  see  anytliing  very  remarkable 
about  them. 

I  know  very  well  how  to  make  my  hens  do  the 
laying  at  the  very  trifling  cost  of  one-half  cent 
per  egg,  but  if  I  could  not  coax  them  to  lay  more 
than  cighty-cigl)t  eggs  a  piece  per  annum,  like 
Mr,  B.,  I  would  be  tempted  to  qviit  the  business, 
or  have  him  teach  me  how  to  do  my  own  laying. 

The  hatching  part,  also,  was  consigned  to  the 
faithful  hens,  who  deserved  and  needed  a  resting 
spell.  The  incubation  and  rearing  of  the  chicks, 
therefore,  was  not  connected  with  any  loss  or 
great  expense. 

The  chicks,  if  I  remember  rightly,  were  weigh- 
ing about  two  pounds  when  two  months  old,  and 
worth  at  the  time  not  less  than  fifty  cents  a  piece 
In  the  Philadelphia  market.  The  tot.al  amount 
of  feed  given  them  (three  times  .a  day,  all  they 
would  eat)  was  certainly  small  enough,  but  I 
have  no  means  of  knowing  how  much  they 
picked  up  on  their  hunting  expeditions  over  an 
unlimited  range. 

I  still  hold  that  the  farmer— and  particularly 
In  the  more  Southern  states— has  all  the  facilities 
for  producing  spring  chickens  In  reasonable 
numbers  (hatched  and  reared  with  hens)  without 
much  trouble  and  expense,  and  at  a  time  when 
they  command  very  paying  prices  in  the  city 
markets.  Let  him  teach  his  children  how  to  do 
It,  and  give  them  a  share  in  the  proceeds.  He 
Will  soon  see  gratifying  results.  Joseph. 

4" 

Ella  Wilson,  of  Pettis  County,  Mo.,  a  little  girl 
10  years  of  age,  sends  us  a  well  written  letter,  and 
a  club  of  30  subscribers.  This  is  the  kind  of  a 
young  lady  we  like.  We  wish  we  had  more  of 
them.  Young  ladies  do  not  let  her  beat  you.  We 
have  room  for  more,  and  shall  always  be  glad  to 
hear  from  our  young  friends. 

J.  R.  Walthour,  Jackson,  Tennessee,  asks  for 
the  best  cement  for  cisterns,  cost,  and  how  to  use 
It,  proportion  of  sand,  etc.  Answer— The  English 
Portland  cement  is  best,  but  that  of  Rome  &  Ro- 
sendale.  New  York,  is  nearly  as  good,  and  much 
cheaper.  The  cost  varies  with  the  freight.  In 
New  York  it  is  very  low,  but  is  increased  by  the 
freight  when  transported  to  remote  points.  We 
gave  full  particulars  for  use  in  February  number. 

A  subscriber,  Marthaville,  La.,  asks:  Can  mar 
chinery  suitable  for  mill  for  ginning  cotton  be 
purchased  on  time?  Answer — We  think  it  can. 
If  good  security  is  given.  It  would  be  better  to 
get  a  man  with  capital  to  set  up  a  gin  near  you, 
and  give  him  all  the  cotton  in  your  vicinitv. 

G.  W.  Stein,  M.  D.,  Alhambra  Springs,  Mon- 
tana, asks  where  to  get  the  genuine  Wealthy 
apple.  Answer :  Write  to  Peter  M.  Gideon,  Ex- 
celsior, Minn,,  who  is  the  originator  of  the  apple. 


E.  R.  Pennington,  Baskingridge,  N.  J.,  asks, 
will  White  Leghorns  and  Plymouth  Rocks  make 
a  good  cross  for  market  and  winter  layers?  An- 
swer :  We  prefer  White  Leghorns  crossed  on 
Light  Brahmas.  They  make  a  larger  fowl  for 
market,  mature  early,  and  are  also  fine  layers. 
The  cross  with  the  Plymouth  Rocks  we  do  not 
think  will  be  as  profitable  as  the  one  we  recom- 
mend. 

A  subscriber  from  Butler  County,  Pa.,  says  the 
recipe  we  gave  for  the  condition  powder  on  page 
13  of  February  number,  contains  too  much  anti- 
mony. She  is  told  by  her  druggist  that  there  is 
enough  black  antimony  in  it  to  kill  twenty  coWs. 
The  Farm  and  Garden  is  right  and  the  drug- 
gist wrong.  The  condition  powder  we  gave  the 
recipe  for  was  a  tablespoonful  at  a  dose,  which  is 
safe  and  valuable.  Subscriber  can  always  de- 
pend on  the  Farm  and  Garden  being  right. 

-I- 

A.  Booth,  Boston,  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  asks  for  a 
little  light  on  the  Le  Conte  Pear,  Russian  Apri- 
cot, and  Russian  Mulberry.  Answer :  We  gave  a 
description  of  Le  Conte  pear  in  February  num- 
ber. The  Russian  apricot,  we  fear,  has  need  of  a 
further  trial  before  we  can  recommend  it.  The 
Russian  mulberry  is  valuable  only  for  a  very 
cold  climate  where  our  native  kinds  will  not 
grow.  ^ 

Subscriber,  no  State,- a.sks  what  will  make  an 
apple  tree  bear  that  blooms  very  profusely  every 
spring,  but  wlicn  the  .apples  are  as  large  as  peas, 
they  fall  off.  Answer:  It  often  happens  in  young 
trees  that  the  rapid  growth  of  wood  takes  the 
s.ap  from  the  fruit,  and  being  deprived  of  nour- 
ishment, dies  and  falls  otl".  When  this  is  the 
case,  it  will  in  time  produce,  and  when  once  in 
bearing,  will  be  checked  in  growth  and  will  be 
productive.  But  if  it  arises  from  the  tree  being 
a  worthless  bearer  naturally.  It  will  never  be  of 
any  value,  and  will  not  produce.  If  the  tree  is  of 
the  latter  class  we  should  lop-grait  it  to  a  good- 
bearing  variety.  We  have  no  patience  with  a 
poor-bearing  tree,  we  always  dig  up  or  top-graft 
them.  J, 

LONG  CUTTINGS  OF  GRAPES. 


A  few  years  ago  I  planted  a  lotof  gr.ape  cuttings 
about  a  yard  long.  I  dug  holes  one  foot  deep  and 
one  and  one-half  feet  across,  put  surface  soil  in 
the  bottom  of  the  holes,  and  then  curling  round 
the  cuttings  in  the.se  holes,  brought  the  tops  of 
the  cuttings  to  the  surface,  filling  the  holes  with 
good  soil.  They  grew  about  four  feet  the  first 
year,  and  blos,somed  the  second  year.  1  have  a 
number  of  those  vines  now  bearing  regularly 
and  doing  well.  The  short  cuttings  failed  at  the 
same  time.  W.  W.  MEECH,  Vineland,  X.  J. 


J.  W.  Ferguson,  Langwortliy,  la.,  asks  how  to 
sow  mulberry  seed.  Answer:  .Sow  in  a  warm 
place  ;  cover  lightly,  and  when  started  keep  them 
well  watered  and  shaded  from  the  hot  sun.  Plant 
in  a  well  drained  place,  where  the  water  does 
not  stand.  In  winter  it  is  best  to  jjrotect  them 
while  very  young  ;  they  will  soon  be  very  hardy. 
We  have  never  heard  of  a  case  of  twin  colts  like 
yours.  ^ 

T.  E.  Bondenot,  Davenport,  la.,  asks  how  to 
get  land  into  grass  and  meadow  early  and  profits 
ably.  Answer :  Manure  heavy  with  staljle  ma- 
nure at  once,  and  in  spring  sow  oats,  with  one 
bushel  of  clover  and  one  of  timothy  to  six  acres, 
and  roll  hard.  We  believe  in  heavy  seeding  to 
grass.  There  are  so  many  causes  for  failure-  in 
grass  making,  we  are  always  inclined  to  seed 
heavy,  even  more  than  we  have  recommended. 

4- 
Charles   R.  Glassen,   Sylvania,   O.,  asks  who 
makes  hand  threshing  machines.    Who  can  tell 
him?  ^ 

E.  D.  E.  Long,  Pine,  Neb.,  asks:  l.-For  best 
varieties  of  grapes,  raspberries  and  blackberries 
for  Nebraska.  2. -The  modes  of  root  grafting. 
:?.-\Vhich  is  the  best  incubator.  Answer:  l.-rThe 
American  Pomological  Society  gives  two  stars, 
the  highest  recommendation,  to  the  Concord, 
and  Delaware,  and  one  star  for  Catawba,  Clinton, 
Crevling,  Diana.  Geothe,  Hartford,  lona,  Isabella, 
Ives,  Martha,  Norton's  Virginia,  and  Salem  for 
Nebraska.  Raspberries,  two  stars  for  McCormick, 
one  star  lor  Franconia,  Gregg,  Hudson  River, 
-•Vntwerp,  and  Philadelphia.  Blackberries,  two 
stars  for  Snyder,  and  one  star  for  Kittatinny  and 
Wilson's  Early.  Nebraska  is  a  large  state,  and 
there  is  a  difference  of  climate  in  different  sec- 
tions. Look  well  to  see  if  you  are  making  a 
selection  just  suited  to  your  locality.  2.-Answered 
in  the  .-Vpril  number.  3.-Hard  to  tell.  Some 
fail  with  any  of  them  ;  some  succeed  with  all. 
It  is  more  with  the  person's  skill  who  uses  them 
than  with  tlie  incubator.  .\11  require  care  and 
at  tent  ion,  and  also  experience  to  prove  successful, 

John  Stepshon,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  asks  how  to 
drive  away  or  catch  hawlcs.  Answer  :  We  prefer 
to  catch  them,  which  is  easily  done  by  setting  a 
post  in  any  part  of  the  farm  where  hawks  are 
mo.st  likely  to  watch  for  birds.  There  are  always 
sudi  places  on  the  farm  where  they  are  sure  to 
frequent  more  than  others.  Fi.x  upon  the  top  of 
the  post  a  common  steel-trap,  using  no  bait,  and 
the  hawks  will  settle  on  the  trap  and  be  caught. 
We  have  caught  in  one  trap  set  on  a  post,  six  by 
six  inches  stjuare  and  about  eight  feet  high,  over 
seventy-five  hawks  in  the  last  three  years,  and  thfe 
post  is  still  doing  duty.  .Set  your  post  and  trap 
along  some  fence  In  a  secluded  part  of  the  farm, 
and  begin  a  regular  hawk  crusade. 


LANDRETHS'  ? 


-i-lARE  THE  BEST. 

NORTH,  SOUTH,  EAST,  or  WEST. 

Evprythint;  of  thp  bent.  Sercls  ami  Implements  for 
Farm,  Garden*  or  i'onntry  Seat.  Send  for  Lan- 
dreths'  Rural  Reci^ifi'  Almanac  uii'l  Dpscripllvp  Cata- 
lo^ie,  free.  Ovpf  15<^^  aores  ntTli-r  ciUiivation  crowing 
Laudreths'  Garden   Seeds.     Fonntleil    17S4. 

D.  LANDRETH  &  SONS, 

21  and  23  South  Sixth  St..  and 

Delaware  Avenue  and  Arch  St, 


FARMS  °¥i 


on  James  Rivrh.  Va.,  in  a  Northern 
ent.  llliiNlrateil  circular  FREE. 
MAPiCUA.  Claremout,  Va. 


AGENTS  WANTED 

FOR  OUR  NE\V  BOOK 

HEROES  OFiHE  BIBLE 

With  iTitrinal  artirlpB  from  Leadinf/  Dninea 
of  th'-  dav  Nparly  SO<»  paRes.  20  fnlU 
pase  emrravinjcs.  JCj-<ri'ixiif  ifmior',  -nxtran- 
(•'ff  Kxtra  InuiieenieiitM  oflereil  cii-rkretic 
Ae-entH.  AddreP8  A.  .1.  IIOI,.>IAN  vV  t'O.. 
1232  AKtH  STREET.  IMiiladelpliia,  Pa. 


GRAIN 


STOCK  AND  FRUIT  FARMS 


Elevator,  Warehouse, 

In  uue  iif  Ural  Urain  CtHrrf  in  Ceulrul    nhjo 
Caulogue,    write   lo  BUOU'X  A:  WEST, 


and  Coal  Trade. 

F.T   i.:.rliciilars    ;in 
iclletuuiaiue,  Obio, 


OHE  MILE  SIGNAL  WHISTLE.  r„=:i'i„'^?AT,^^K 


th 's.  Invaliialile  as  a  sicnnl  on  the  tarm  or  over  the 
water.  Exact  size  of  a  5U-c;ilibrp  centre-fire  cartridge; 
brass,  with  nicUel  buHet.  Farmer.**,  siiortsinen,  and 
plen»ure-seekers  should  have  it.  Tne  loiiclest  and 
moHt  piereingly  shrill  whistle  made.  Sent  by 
mail,  post-paid,  with  our  cataluKue  f>f  ijuns.  for  only  '25c. 
in  stamps.    Address.  RENNIE.  ALLSON  &  CO.,  Philad'a.  Pa. 


A.  $15,000  FIRE 

Would  lia\''  hi'pn  chrnnirled  had  it  not  been  for  the  use 
of  .■*  of  Lewis'  Combination  Force  Pumps,  which  happened  to 
be  in  the  miuiediaie  viciniiy.  For  a  description  of  said 
fire,  and  the  saving  of  many  other  buildings  by  the  use 
of  tbe  above  pump,  send  for  my  Uluttrated  CatalOQue,  I 
have  agents  all  over  the  U.  S.  wlui  are  making  $iu  to  $2.5 
per  dav  selling  these  pumps.  I  give  their  name  and  ad- 
dress in  culaloEUP,  To  infrodiicf  it  J  icilt  .friK/  a  satnpl^ 
pnitip.  frprr.<!t  paiii.  (n  din/  rn-rrss  station   in  the  U.  S. /or 

$5.50.  The  pump  has  aliachments  lor  making  3  complete  and 
distinct  machines,  is  made  of  brass,  will  throw  a  good  stream  of 
water  50  to  60  feel,  and  retails  for  only  S6.  Agents  wanted 
pvprvwherp.  Send  at  once  for  price-list  and  terms. 
Every  house  should  he  provided  with  one  of  these 
pumps.  Address  1*.  C.  LEWIS,  CATSKILL,  N.  Y. 


FINE  GROUND  LAND  PLASTER, 

ALSO 

KAINIT-^gVkTJSALT 

^        F«K  FERTILIZIXfi  PURPOSES. 

Our   copyrighted  pamphlet  on  "Kalnlt.  how  to  Ui»e  It,  etc.," 
mailed  free  to  .inv  adilr.j-i=i.  on  apjili.-ntion  to  u^.     S  A  LT— AH  va- 
rieties for  Butter  snd  Table  iiwe  coostantlv  on  hand,  for  ,=ali;  io 
lots  to  I     ALEX.  KERK,  BKO.  A  CO..  (Estithilshed  1849) 
Huit.   I  PIvr  »f  North  Wharves,  PfaUad'o,  Pa. 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


'5 


©HE  gOUIiHiI^Y  Uai^d. 

yChniinut'd  frinn  page  9.)  


GROWTH   OF  YOUNG  CHICKS. 


It  is  not  worth  the  trouble  to  discuss  at  great 
leugth  the  cost  of  production  of  spring  chicks. 
This  is  merely  or  mostly  a  question  of  price  for 
cereals  and  of  management.  If  we  depend  main- 
ly on  grain  for  production  of  chicken  meat,  it 
will  niakeadifterenee  of  one  half,  whether  wheat 
sells  for  SI. 50  and  corn  for  SI. 00  per  bushel,  or  for 
75  cents  and  50  cents  respectively. 

The  same  variation  in  the  cost  may  be  a  result 
of  different  management.  Some  people  may 
need  6  pounds  of  grain  or  meal  to  make  a  single 
pound  of  chicken,  while  we  have  shown  in  the 
table  of  weights,  given  in  a  previous  issue,  that 
we  obtained  two  pounds  from  the  same  amount 
of  feed. 

On  the  other  hand,  when  grasshoppers  are 
plentiful  and  with  unlimited  range,  a  few  hun- 
dred chickens  or  turkeys  can  often  be  produced 
at  less  than  one  cent  a  pound.  In  such  a 
case,  the  raw  material  is  composed  chiefly  of 
insects,  weed  seeds,  grains  shelled  out  in  harvests 
ing,  etc.,  in  short,  of  articles  which  are  very 
valuable  as  flesh-giving  substances,  but  which 
would  be  lost  and  wasted  unless  thus  utilized  in 
chicken  growth. 

For  this  same  season  the  farmer  can  raise  his 
one  or  two  hundred  chickens  at  much  less  ex- 
pense per  pound  than  the  professional  "  chicken 
growers  "  who  raise  thousand  with  the  help  of 
incubators. 

We  have  thus  far  wholly  ignored  the  expense 
of  the  production  of  a  newly-hatched  chick  weigh- 
ing 1}4  ounces.  The  "professional,"  who  often 
has  to  6wy  eggs  for  hatching,  without  knowing 
what  he  is  buying,  and  who  by  the  use  of  high- 
priced  incubators  hatches  thousands  of  chicks  at 
once,  may  have  to  put  the  price  of  a  single  newly- 
hatched  chick  at  10  cents,  while  the  farmer,  who 
pays  little  attention  to  this  branch  of  business, 
and  lets  his  hens  do  the  laying  and  the  hatching 
during  a  natural  resting  spell,  will  hardly  admit 
the  little  things  cost  him  2  cents  a  piece,  when 
they  first  emerge  from  the  shell. 

We  still  believe,  and  our  experiments  justify  us 
in  'proclaiming  that  a  pound  of  chick,  under 
judicious  management,  can  be  produced  at  an 
expense  not  exceeding  5  cents  (at  least  with  the 
present  price  of  cereals),  Mr.  Blanchard  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 


POULTRY    SCRATCHINGS. 

The  Damp  Days.— Look  out  for  the  chicks  on 
damp  occasions,  as  dampness  is  more  fatal  to 
them  than  cold. 

Milk.— Sour  milk,  buttermilk,  refuse  from 
cheese  factories,  and  even  whey,  may  be  mixed 
in  the  soft  food  with  advantage. 

Guineas.— Hatch  them  under  hens,  and  keep 
them  dry.  Feed  the  same  as  for  young  turkeys, 
at  first,  but  after  they  are  a  few  days  old,  they 
may  be  fed  the  same  as  young  chicks. 

Meat.— If  you  cannot  procure  meat,  use  blood 
from  the  slaughter  house,  by  boiling  it  in  a  glue- 
pot,  or  vessel  within  another,  stirring  in  plenty 
of  corn  meal  and  oat  meal  until  the  mass  is  very 
thick. 

Mating.— Avoid  putting  large,  heavy  cocks 
with  small  hens,  as  damage  may  be  the  result. 
But  small,  active  cocks  may  be  placed  with  large 
hens.  Look  for  size  in  the  heft,  and  activity  in 
the  cock. 

Green  Food.— If  there  is  no  grass,  steam  clover 
hay,  or  give  chopped  onions,  *(top  and  bulbs), 
with  cabbage.  Boiled  turnips,  potatoes  or  car- 
rots, are  also  excellent.  Even  the  potato  peelings 
may  be  utilized. 

Feeding  Soft  Food.— Never  throw  it  on  the 
ground,  as  gapes  and  cholera  will  in  time  be  the 
result.  Make  small  troughs,  and  when  the  hens 
have  finished  their  meal,  clean  the  troughs  thor- 
oughly, washing  them  occasionally. 

Hens  Eating  Eggs.— This  vice  is  incurable 
when  once  it  becomes  a  habit.  It  may  be  pre- 
vented, however,  by  constructing  false  bottoms 
to  the  nests,  so  that  when  the  eggs  are  deposited, 
they  will  roll  out  ol  the  reach  of  the  hen. 

Chicks  Dying  in  the  Shell.- This  is  peculiar 
to  the  breeds  that  lay  the  dark  eggs,  the  shell 
being,  usually,  harder  and  thicker  than  the  white 
ones.  Sprinkle  the  eggs  with  tepid  water  once  a 
day,  for  two  or  three  days  before  the  period  for 
hatching. 

Market  the  Chicks.— Never  wait  for  a  rise  in 
the  price  of  young  chicks.  It  never  comes.  As 
soon  as  asparagus  appears  in  the  market,  is  the 
time  when  they  may  be  sold  to  good  advantage. 
When  once  the  prices  begin  to  decline,  they  go 
down  until  the  "old  hen  "  standard  isxeached. 


Buying  Stock.— Never  bring  a  hen  into  your 
flock  until  you  have  quarantined  her,  or  disease 
may  appear  in  the  flock.  In  buying  a  lot  of  hens 
select  those  with  bright  red  combs,  clear  eyes, 
good  legs,  and  clean  plumage.  Notice  that  they 
are  clear  of  filth  on  the  beak  and  rear  parts,  and 
use  the  nose  for  detecting  odor  of  roup. 

The  Droppings.— In  summer  the  droppings 
render  the  poultry  houses  very  offensive,  and 
should  be  removed,  at  least  twice  a  week,  or  an 
absorbent  used  in  order  to  disinfect  them.  One 
part  plaster  and  three  parts  dry  earth  is  excellent 
as  an  absorbent  as  well  as  a  disinfectant.  Another 
method  is  to  sprinkle  dry  earth  with  chloride  of 
lime  or  Carbolic  acid,  and  use  the  earth  freely 
under  the  roosts. 

Hens  Eating  Eggs.— This  vice  is  not  easily 
cured.  Make  the  nests  in  dark  places,  so  that 
the  hens  cannot  easilj'  see  the  eggs,  and  have  the 
strips  in  front  high  enough  to  prevent  the  eggs 
trom  rolling  out  of  the  nests.  The  habit  is  usu- 
ally formed  by  the  hens  first  eating  the  eggs  that 
have  rolled  out  of  the  nests  on  to  the  floor,  and  if 
this  temptation  is  removed,  the  difficulty  will 
not  be  so  great. 

The  Pullets.— Remember  that  early-hatched 

pullets  are  the  ones  that  begins  to  lay  in  the 
fall,  and  continuing  to  do  so  during  winter. 
Endeavor,  therefore,  to  hatch  them  this  month, 
if  you  have  not  already  done  so.  A  Leghorn 
cock  in  a  flock  of  heavy  hens,  will  produce  pullets 
that  will  lay  in  the  fall,  and  that  will  also 
make  good  winter  layers,  if  kept  warm  and  in 
good  condition. 

Early  Rye  as  Food.— Those  who  followed  our 
advice  last  fall,  and  sowed  a  patch  of  rye  for  the 
hens,  will  flnd  themselves  fortunate.  A  lawn 
mower,  passed  over  a  portion  of  the  patch,  will 
cut  all  that  may  be  desired  for  a  day,  and  it  will 
grow  up  again  to  furnish  a  fresh  supply.  It  may 
be  pulled  by  hand  and  thrown  into  the  pen,  if 
preferred,  and  %vill  furnish  a  bountiful  crop  until 
the  regular  grass  comes  in. 

The  Dorking.— In  England  the  Dorking  is  re- 
garded as  the  most  desirable  of  all  fowls  for  gen- 
eral purposes.  It  excels  for  marketing  and  the 
table.  It  is  up  to  the  average  as  a  layer,  but 
does  not  equal  some  of  thejother  breeds.  In  this 
country  the  chicks  are  not  as  hardy  as  are  those 
from  our  well-known  Asiatics,  but  their  close  and 
compact  bodies  make  them  attractive,  and  good 
prices  are  realized  from  their  sale. 

Use  Plenty  of  Coal  Oil.— The  cheapest 
method  of  avoiding  lice,  is  to  swab  the  roosts 
with  coal  oil  once  a  week.  It  may  be  mixed  in 
proportion  to  one  quart  of  coal  oil  and  one  gallon 
of  milk,  as  an  emulsion.  Now  slack  enough 
lime  in  warm  water  to  make  a  bucket  of  white- 
wash, and  to  each  bucket  of  whitewash,  add  one 
quart  of  the  oil  and  milk  emulsion.  Use  it  freely 
on  the  walls  and  every  part  of  the  poultry  house, 
and  the  lice  will  be  destroyed. 

Scaly  Leg. — An  ointment  for  eradicating  the 
accumulated  matter  froni  the  legs  of  fowls  afflic- 
ted with  scaly  leg,  may  be  made  as  follows :  Sul- 
phur, one  tablespoonful;  carbolic  acid  (liquid), 
one  teaspoonful ;  lard,  one  ounce.  Mix  the 
ingredients  intimately,  and  after  washing  away 
the  dirt  with  soap  and  water,  anoint  the  legs. 


»from  the  thighs  to  the  toes,  well.  Repeat  the 
operation  once  a  week.  Three  or  four  applica- 
tions will  usually  be  suilicient. 

To  Make  Yocng  cnicics  Grow.— Cook  one 
pint  of  oatmeal  in  suthcient  water  to  make  a 
thick  porridge.  While  cooking,  add  three  eggs, 
(well  beaten),  anri  a  pint  of  milk.  Allow  it  to 
boil  a  few  niomeni.s  more,  then  thicken  stiffly 
with  corn  meal,  and  feed  twice  a  daj-.  A  few 
chopped  onions,  cooked  potatoes,  or  turnips,  win 
make  it  more  palatable  and  varied.  In  addition 
to  the  two  feeds  of  the  mixture,  the  chicks  should 
have  any  other  kind  oi  food,  as  a  variety,  that 
may  be  convenient. 

Geese. — The  best  geese  for  feathers  are  the 
Embden,  they  being  entirely  white.  The  best  for 
market  is  a  cross  of  the  Toulouse  gander  with  the 
Embden  goose,  which  produces  offsprings  larger 
than  either  of  tlie  parents.  Geese  cost  but  very 
little  if  allowed  the  liberty  of  the  fields  with 
access  to  a  pond  or  stream,  but  to  attempt  to 
make  them  profitable  without  such  advantages, 
will  result  in  failure.  The  cost  of  raising  a  goose 
may  be  as  low  as  twenty-five  cents,  actual  outlay, 
or  it  may  be  as  much  as  two  dollars.  Every- 
thing depends  upon  the  possession  of  the  proper 
conveniences  for  keeping  them. 

Young  Turkeys.- The  turkey  hen  will  make 
ber  nest  away  in  the  fields  if  given  liberty.  By 
removing  the  eggs  she  will  lay  a  larger  number 
than  if  they  are  allowed  to  remain.  Although 
the  eggs  are  often  hatched  with  chicks  under 
hens,  the  turkey  hen  is  the  best  mother.  Dryness 
is  the  most  essential  requisite  for  young  turkeys. 
Feed  them  on  hard  boiled  eggs  for  two  or  three 
days,  and  four  or  fiye  times  a  day,  giving  a  small 
quantity  of  mashed  potatoes  mixed  with  chopped 
onions.  Then  feed  on  clabbered  milk,  oatmeal 
niush,  and  continue  the  chopped  onions,  allow- 
ing meat  in  a  fine  condition  once  a  day.  Do  not 
keep  them  too  closely  confined. 

Crossing  Plymoxtth  Rocks.— The  Plymoutu 
Rocks  are  liable  to  become  very  fat  when  highly 
fed  and  under  confinement,  and  in  such  cases 
they  may  be  crossed  with  the  Dominick,  advan- 
tageously. Of  course,  there  are  other  suitable 
crosses,  but  as  the  Plymouth  Rock  and  Dominick 
are  alike  in  color,  and  other  respects,  except  size 
and  comb,  the  cross  preserves  the  uniformity  of 
plumage  and  promotes  vigtjr  and  activity.  The 
Dominick  is  almost  as  good  at  flying  as  the  Leg- 
horn, and  is  therefore  made  more  compact  by  the 
infusion  of  Plymouth  Rock  blood.  The  cockerels 
of  either  breeds  may  be  used  upon  the  hens  of  The 
other,  but  the  Dominick  cock  and  Plymouth 
Rock  hens  should  be  preferred. 

Peculiarities  of  Fowls.— The  feathered  leg 
fowls  are  the  Cochins  ,Brahmas,  Langshans  and 
Sultans.  The  yellow-legged  breeds  are  the  Brah- 
mas.  Cochins,  Leghorns,  Wyandottes  and  Plym- 
outh Rocks.  The  hens  that  lay  the  darkest  col- 
ored eggs  (shells),  are  the  Cochins  and  Brahmas, 
followed  in  order  by  the  Plymouth  Rocks,  Wyan- 
dottes and  Langshans.  All  the  non-sitters,  such 
as  Leghorns,  Hamburgs,  Black  Spanish,  Houdans 
and  Polish,  lay  white  eggs.  The  rose-comb  breeds 
are  the  Hamburgs,  Dominiques  and  Wyandottes. 
the  pea-combed  breeds  the  Brahmas,  and  the 
straight, oi-  single-combed  breeds,  are  the  Cochins, 
Games,  Plymouth  Rock,  Black  Spanish  and  Leg- 
horn.   The  French  breeds  have  horn-like  combs. 


Ml 


ffi^N  SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS 


Niin«iiii..iiil.   l',;irlv  York.  Nrw  .!i-rs.-v  Sweet  and  other  poml  varielir^.  SI. 00  per  Hundreil.  by  mail,  oost- 

A  ''?,Ve" TTo&?ATo'ir::4"^sna'uv.^o;rd:  n  e  w  s  w  e  e  i  potato-extra  eariy 

iiiljfiior  to  all  uiliii,  in  enrlinesa.  proiliirCiveness.  ami  fine  quality.    ^Iiap''  nearly  rounil, 

iirt  of  a  bright  yellow  color.     Does  well  hi  aiiv  ordinary  soil,  and  is  llie  best  ot  kiejiers.    Price  01 

per  Hundred,  post-paid.     By  Ex-    rflRRflnP  PI  ANT^  '*"  '"'"'  enrlv  ninl  late  varieties.  75  ctt. 

press  SI. 00  per  Hundred.  $7.00  perThousanJ  UHSSSSHUt  rUHKia  pe,  Hundred,  post-paid  By  Express  50  cenis  per 
Hundred  S2  50  per  Thousand.  FIVE  THOUSAND  and  over.  SI. 75  per  Thousand  TO.XATO.  <  .\l  MFI,(»\V  h,K,  lAwU, 
I'liri'EK,  and  CKLERY  FI,.\NTS  at  lo.v  prices.  \\f  pa.  k  our  plants  ,■„,./"«.;  in  damp  moss  and  nm 
ship  thtm  saSely  to  any  point  in  Uu  Viulfd  State-i.     Hen.it  t)v  P..st.\l  Note.  P.O.  M.i.vEY  Order,  or  Eeo.  Letter. 


sand.    tivL  inuu&HT 

CAROLINA  aV 

plants  Si. 50  per  Hund 


JOHNSON  &  STOKES, 


SEED  "WAREHOUSES. 

Nos.  219  and  1114  Market  St,,  Philad'a,  Pa. 


BATES'  ImprOTed 

are  the  bent.  ©aizes.SlS 
to  SIOO.  100  to  1000 
ej::9.  Warranted.  AW 

Rr.EKDKES  of  POCLTRTUSe 

iptive   circnlara    and  testimoniala. 
JOSEPD  I.  BATES  <fe  CO..  WEYMOUTH,  MASS. 


TNCDBATORS; 

4b  them.      Send    for  descriptive   ci 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0.,  .]T{iTJ.. 

bred  LANGSHANS,Thon)iighbred  WYANDOTTES 
Handsome  Circular  free.   Mention  Farm  andOarden. 


T'/i/^C     American  Dominique  Ileadrninrters.   Fowls 
JLIJUO.  audEg-3    M.  B.  RICHARDS.  Easton.  Penna. 


■prj,/tlCL!i^"Kshan.  Wyandotte, R.C.B.Leghor-i.  Pekin, 
•*^^'^'^Duck,  aud  other  leading  varieties.  $1.25  per  13. 
B.  Turkey,  f5.00  per  13.    J.  G.  FISHER,  Stanton,  Del. 


EXCELSIOR! 


POULTRY   AND    PET   STOCK    YARDS. 

Plymouth  Rocks,  Lang-haiii.  Black  Java's, 
Brown  Leehorns.  and  Houdans.  Piii;  dogs- 
Bull  Terriers,  Rabbits  Ferrets,  and  Guinea  Pig.s.  Send  stamp  for 
Illustrated  clrciilnr  ftnd   Drlce-llHt.      Pn'^ials   not   noticed. 

Address,  W.  S.  POTTER.  121  Wetherslleld  Ave..  Harllord.  Ct. 


|lj2  S^hOtCung^<Mi[a^^  Revolvers. 

f\^-^f^^t-(iiogu«fre^      Gin  Work*,  PlttiburgS^S^^F 

FRIENDS'  PRINCIPLES  EXPLAIN^ffi. 

Three  sermons  by  J.  .1.  Cornell,  delivered  in  PUila- 

delnhia.    Price  lOc.    Stamps  taken. 
H.  T.  Child.  M   ~  '"  


Price  lOe.    Stamps 

P..  634  Race  8l..  I'liilad'a. 


Pa. 


Singerc1fir.^5'„^;S>l7 

'ncludinga  full  set  of  extra  I  # 
(Attachments,  needles,  "*  * 
oil  and  usual  outfit  of  la  pieces  with 
each,  fiaarant^d  Perfect.  Warraatcd  5 
jears.  Hand'ome  and  Dnrable,  Don't 
paj  S^O  or  $.iU  for  aiarhlne*  no  brtttr. 
Wc  will  send  them  anywhere  on  15  Arj"* 
trial  l>efore  paymgr.  Circulars  and  iuil 
panlrulari  frrc  by  addr-ssJn? 

E.  C.  HOWE  A  CO., 

ISS  Martk  6th  St.,       rilllo..  Pi. 
Luck  Box  1087. 


i6 


THE     FARM    AND    GARDEN.. 


This  Article  is  Contini-ed  from  our  April  Issue. 

Delivered  ()j/  Julm  T.  Lovetl  before  tht  American  ImtUute 

Mmitern'  Club.  New  York,  February  24,  1885. 

PEACH   CULTURE. 

Pruning.— Perhaps  no  other  fruit  tree  suffers 
so  much  from  neglect  of  pruning,  both  at  the 
time  of  planting  and  in  after  years,  as  the  peach. 
This  is  owing  not  only  to  the  fact  that  the  peach 
requires  annual  pruning— more  than  almost  any 
other  fruit-bearing  tree— but  also  because  no 
other  fruit  tree  receives  so  little  or  is  so  olten  ne- 
glected. In  planting,  all  side  branches  should  be 
cut  back  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  main 
stem— the  main  stem  being  severed  at  about 
two-thirds  of  the  distance  from  the  ground. 
Small  trees  should  be  pruned  to  a  whip,  cutting 
back  the  stem  very  nearly  one-half  the  way  to 
the  ground.  In  order  to  produce  what  is  known 
as  the  bush  form— a  system  followed  by  many 
successful  peach  growers— sever  the  main  stem 
from  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  from  the  ground, 
causing  many  shoots  to  bo  produced  near  the 
earth.  Subsequent  pruning  consists  of  an 
annual  cultins;  biuk  ol^  the  main  branches-  form- 
ing a  syninutrlcal  contour,  and  a  Judicious 
thinning  of  tlie  Ijranches.  The  latter,  however, 
is  of  minor  importance,  as  the  inner  branches 
will,  without  assistance,  in  a  great  meiisure  die 
and  drop  off. 

Culture.- Nothing  can  be  more  simple  than 
the  culture  required  by  the  peach.  It  is  simply 
to  keep  the  surface  always  mellow  and  free  of 
weeds.  In  other  words  it  needs  only  the  culture 
that  one  would  give  corn.  For  the  first  two 
years  after  planting,  hoed  crops  may  be  planted 
between  the  trees  with  advantage;  alter  which 
time  thev  require  the  entire  strength  of  the  soil. 
Grain  crops  of  all  kinds  are  very  iniurlous,  and 
it  is  rare  that  peaches  will  sncceed  in  sod  or  grass. 
In  making  the  annual  plowing  in  spring,  it  is 
well  to  use  a  light  plow,  plowing  very  shallow, 
that  the  routs  mav  not  be  mutilated  or  disturbed. 
In  keeping  the  surface  mellow  and  free  of  weeds 
I  have  found  nothing  so  admirable  and  rapid  in 
perl'orming  the  work  as  the  Acme  Harrow; 
although  anything  that  will  produce  the  desired 
result  can  of  course  be  used. 

Fertilizers.— As  is  well  known,  the  peach  is 
a  heavv  I'eeder  of  potash,  hence  potash  should 
be  supplied  in  some  form.  I  prefer  unleached  or 
live  wood  ashes  for  this  purpose  to  anything 
else,  provided  they  can  be  ha<l  at  a  satisfactory 
tlgurc,  namely,  thirty  to  tliirty-flve  cents  per 
bushel,  delivered.  I  have  also  employed  muri- 
ate of  potash  with  good  results.  I  prefer  to  apply 
broadcast  always  in  spring  and  harrow  in.  The 
peach  also  demands  a  liberal  supply  of  phos- 
phoric acid.  This  is  to  be  obtaineil  in  it-s  best 
and  cheapest  form  in  pure  ground  bone,  or  at 
least  I  have  always  had  a  good  success  from 
using  this  fertilizer.  I  do  not  recommend  using 
stable  manure  for  the  peach,  the  tendency  being 
to  produce  an  undue  leafy  growtli,  rendering  the 
trees  unproductive  and  more  suscupiible  to 
Injury  in  winter. 

,  ENEMIE.S  AND  Dk.v WRACKS.- The  chlel  enemies 
of  the  peach  are  the  grub  or  borer,  and  that 
terrible  .scourge,  the  yellows.  The  fiirmer  is 
easily  overcome.  .VII  that  Is  neces.s!iry  is  to  ex- 
amine the  bodies  of  the-  trees  early  In  the  spring 
and  extract  the  grubs  with  a  sharp-pointed 
blade  of  akiiife.  They  will  l>e  Ibundjustbeneath 
the  surface  of  the  soil,  and  tlieir  presence  will  be 
readilv  detected  bv  the  gum  formed  from  the 
exuding  sap.  As  a  preventative  of  the  borer, 
place  at  the  bsuse  of  each  tree  a  shovelful  of 
slacked  lime  or  several  of  coal  ashes.  The  yel- 
lows, which  have  proved  so  disastrous  to  peach 
culture  in  manv  parts  of  the  country,  have  re- 
cently been,  I  think,  conclusively  demonstrated 
by  Prof.  Burrell  and  Prof.  Grossman  to  be  the 
result  of  afungus,  and  since  the  disease— If  sucli 
It  can  be  termed— is  understood,  I  think  we  can 
handle  it  successfully.  Many  tre.s  supposed  to 
have  the  yellows  aro.,not  in  reality  atlrcu-d  with 
the  disease,  their  sickly  appearance  being, the 
result  of  improper  nourishment  in  the  form  of 
potash  and  phosphoric  acid.  I  have  known 
trees  that  were  afl'ected  with  tlie  yellows  in  reality 
which  were  restored,  not  only  to  vigor  but  also 
to  frultfulness,  by  a  liberal  application  of  mu- 
riate of  potash  and  severe  pruning.  These  are 
the  onlv  remedies  that  I  have  to  oB'er,  and  I  am 
thoroughly  convinced  they  are  the  only  ones 
iiece.ssary'to  battle  with  this  dire  enemy.  The 
drawback  to  peach  culture  in  the  vicinity  of 
this  CUV  and  northward,  however,  is  the  killing 
of  the  buds  In  winter.  .\s  many  are  aware, 
prior  to  the  winter  of  1S81-S2,  peach  buds  were 
not  injured  to  any  extent  throughout  the  Hud- 
son River  district  and  sSuthward  for  a  period  of 
at  least  ten  years;  but  since  then  they  have  been 
injured  to  a  grea'.er  or  less  extent  each  winter. 
But  this  is  no  reason  why  they  should  be  injured 
in  the  future.  Were  it  not  for  this  one  risk 
peaches  would  soon  be  grown  so  largely  that  the 
producers  of  even  the  tinest  crops  would  not 
And  them  profitable.  We  must  take  the  risk  If 
we  would  have  the  gain. 


^    ^OLLBGTION 

Brought  by  U.  8.  Mail  axd  in  other  ways. 


Entered  at  PhLUidelphia  Pout  Ojfflce  as  Second  Class  Matter 


CHILD  BROS.  &  CO..  Publishers,  725  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


T  E  McAllister,  seedsman,  of  31  Fulton  Street.  New 
York,  will  muve  to  22  Dev  Street,  on  May  I8th,  1885. 
The  New  York  office  of  Messrs.  Haiice  &  Borden,  of 
Red  Bank.  N.  J.,  which  is  now  with  Mr.  McAllister,  will 
be  moved  at  the  same  time  to  the  new  location. 


The  New  South  Is  most  fittinRly  represented  by  the 
Southern  Seed  Comnunv,  of  Macon.  Ga..  whose  adver- 
tisement of  the  *'  Pride  of  Geor^iia"  Watermelon  appears 
on  our  first  cover  page.  Active,  honest,  enterprising, 
and  judicious,  thev  aierit  the  patronage  of  every  reader 
interested  in  seeds.  Buy  some  of  the  melon  seed, 
reader,  if  only  a  small  quantity  for  trial. 


Low  Prices  for  Buttkr.— The  New  York  7^-itntne 
in  its  market  report,  explained  why  some  butler  is  sole 
for  such  l».iw  prices,  in  speaking  of  buiter.  it  said  :— 
"  Liglit-colored  goods  are  very  bard  to  dispose  oi.  am 
several  lots  were  thought  well  sold  at  ji  tu  10  cents."  li 
butter-makers  would  get  the  toa  price,  they  should  us* 
the  Improved  Butter  Color,  made  by  Wells.  Richardson 
&  Co..  Btirltnglon,  Vt.  It  gives  a  pure  dandelion  color, 
and  never  turns  red  or  rancid,  but  tends  to  improve 
and  preserve  the  butter. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

S.  Pennock  &Sons  Co..  KemieilSquare,  Pa.,  Machinery- 
Robert  Buist.  Jr  ,  PhiUuielpliia,  Pa..  Seeds. 
R.  B.  Chaffin,  Richmond.  Va.,  Virginia  Farms. 
Harrv  Cliaapels,  Williamsport.  Pa.,  Florist. 
Parsons  &  Sons  Co.,  Flushing,  N.  Y..  Trees. 
Ja.s.  M.  Lamb,  Fayetieville.  N.  C.  Plants. 
C.  W.  Dorr  &  Co.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  Seeds. 
A.  Giddings,  Danville.  111..  Florist. 
J.  A.  Evsritt  &  Co.,  Waisoiiiown.  Pa.,  feeds. 
K.  Hippard,  Youngstowu,  Ohio,  Florist. 


BALL'S 


"■SWEET  POTATO^ 
<D-J^.  ^  ^  .<^  O  :E3 

r  And    all   other 

ve-'etable  plants 
I  at   very  low  pri- 
ces,   qtialilv   con- 
sidered.     Write 
before  orderin-    aii\  wti.Tf,  and  savF-  money. 
WM.  HENRY  MftULE.  189  &  131  S    Front  81..  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


P 


LANTS 


S 


EEDSiPLAPJTS 

ITiiparnlleled  OFFKKS,  Remnrkable 
Sct'd  <'olU'ctions.  Ili^^heHi  in  quality. 
Lowest  in  price-  Our  <inr<l.  n  a'l-i  Farm  Mnnual 
and  I}lus'rn.t>-i  Sr'-d  'ti'i?/.../"^  mailed  free.  Cab- 
bape,  Touialo,  Sweet  Potato. md  other  plants 
now  ready.  2S^l»K  IC  t  :.s  ON  AFPM(  ATIUN. 
JOHNSON  &  STOKKs,  see«l  WarehoaHes. 
2i;>  &  1114  Market  St.,  Pbiladelphia,  Pa. 


CORSETS 


The  0\LY  COUSET 

its  pur''h:is.'r  rtl  t<r  thrii 


■  tlmt  cnn  be  returned  by 
if  n  't  found 


PERFECTLY   SATISFACTORY 

- _  _.  — 1  i»»  ...- rf'innded  I'J  peller. 


.  «nd  its  i^n 
V  of  styles  an 


In  every  rt'swi't .-     ^ ..      ,    , 

Madelnav«rletvo(^tylesaIlll  inu-c-s.  S..I1I  Ijy  "n-t- 
rl!i«  dealers  cv.TV-«  here.  H.war.' .f  worthle-s  iml- 
titinn«      None  (Tf-nnlnc  willK.Tit  Hnll'sn.imeon  box. 

CHICAGO  CORSET  CO.,  ChicagOv"'' 
FOY.  HARMON  &  CO.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

\TMI.Y;  8U0.  a  year  and  PLANT 
I'liiliimM  c..|..  fr.c.  Sh..rt.ifll..,  X    Y. 


FRUIT  NOTES 

THE.  GRANGER  FAMILY   Fill 


T   AND  VK<;i:TABr-K 

EVAPORATORS. 

i«:j..5<t.   !««.l)0.    AMI    SKI.OO. 

Send  l..riir.Mil:ir.  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'S  CO.,  168  S.  Filth  SI.  Phlla 


STRAWBERRY  PUNTS  FOR  SALE 


Siirli  ny*  .luiiiho.  Adaniic.  I*rince   Berrlew.  Cor- 
neliii.  Daniel  llooiie.  lleiiderHon,  Parry.     Large 
Htock   and    LOW    PH  H  KS.    Send  for  Special  I'llce- 
~  list  to  I  lie  trade. 

N.J. 


James  Lippincott,  Jr.,  mV. '&'<! 


90 


WHITE  ROSE  PERFUINCD  CHROMQ  CARDS.  (n^w| 
uHs'<\  S<Tap  Pi.nin- iiii.l  Traiisp;ir*-nt  Cards, 
namfM.ii.  HV.  ACME  CARD  CO..  Iv..r>ton.  Cunn. 


alest  .Style  Floral  Beantles.  Motto, 
iidscape,  and  Satin  Cards  with  yuiir  name 
n.also  I  Perfume  Sacbet.lsbeet  of  Einliossed 
Pictures.  I  set  Agents'  Sam|iles,  Premium  I^iat, 
Ac,  all  for  10c.;  5  packs.  .5  Pt^rtume  Sjicbeis.  5 
sheets  nf  f  mbossed  Pictures,  Auenfa  Outtit.  and  a  lovely 
Ron<'<l  iiitU\  Finger  R'lws  for  onlv  .SO  cents. 

FRANKLIN  PRINTING  CO  .  New  Haven.  Conn. 


501 


1%  4  TPk  ITO  ^^"d  stamp  for  laveato 

PATENTS  LBINGHAM.'i-,-! 


ntor^t^  f*iiii1e. 
nt  lia\v>  er. 

ilnqton.  0.  C. 


ness  loMK  t-slah- 
lished.  Address 


I  wall  -^M' 


;i|>il:il    to   tu 


A  Partner  Wanted' 

W.  K.  Nelson/ATG'£"^FA'!""£ 


JEI18KV  KEU,  P0LAN>'LH1;. 
Cbe«t«r  >\biU,  R*-rkshlr«  A  Yor. 
■hlrr  riir*.  SnulbOown,  toUwfi  : 
nnddifonl  P.iwn  Shfcpnnc)  I,unil« 
Srntrli  (oll^J  MipphtTft  Potf^  nn>l 
lantj  PouJtr.r.  Head  Tor  CalalogDe 
W.HTIEE  BiniTCT  *CO.PiilI».P* 


TT/T'OTT  T*r*  OC  I'.  Bralimas  and  P.  Roekfi, 
Jt  ilXjOU  XjIjIjO  Hc^Z  fur  Vi,  or  !$:|  for  'iii.  from 

,,/,.,  I, urr'  si',r;^.  F.  C.  nil>l»Li:.  (iindirM  Ford,  Pa. 


$100 


A    MONTH    TO   CANVASS   and 

tnk..  urdprv  f.,i   HOWE'S   PATENT  AD- 
JUSTABLE SLIDING  WINDOW  SCREENS 

K..sl-..flliiit,'   m'.ids     evtT    orteli-d    lij 
aefntsi.      Tprina    nnil    Oullit     I'ltKI';.    Addnas 
OiiKIN  1>.  HOWE   &   CO..  Augusta.  Maine. 

*  The  C-abinet."  address  PDCC 
","  CliambersDurg.  Pa.  rHlbb 

CHURN. 
Oindee,  Mich 


QCMT  ^P*'''inien  copy 
Obll  I    "The  Cabinu' 


BIG  PAY 


For  Introducinc   BUCKEYE 
Address.  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO     ' 


VnilUl^  MTftl  I.'arti  Trlreinpliy  or  SHORT 
TUUNU  nICll  HANI).  SlluilliintlurnlilKd.  Send  In 
terai.    Com.  anil  U.  K.  Tf  I.  Colli-gp.  Ann  AfbM.  WIO. 

SEEDS  AND  PL  ANTS 

BEST  VARIETIES  AT  LOW  PRICES. 

CATAIiOOUi:  Tjum. 
A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH,  IOWA. 

field  and  garden 
s:e3:e3i>s. 

All  (^sfrU  mid  triif  to  rinmr  s.-.-ils  in  iKL.kt'l  ^ent  free 
by  mail  at  .-atulogue  prJ.-.-s;.  B*st  varipiu-s  of  Field 
and  Sugar  <'orii.  t'lioire  Early  aad  l..ate  Peas. 
All  kinds  oi  Clover  ami  iirawH  Seed. 

C.  B.  ROGERS,  i5iM^r;i'el?;..Philad'a,  Pa. 


THt  WONDEREUL  CAMERA  LUCIOA,     Equal  loan  eye  Ic 
•  the  ba/-k  c.I"  vour  h.'ud.    Willi  it  \ou  can  see  persona 
behind  von  wltlu. tit  being  se.ci  bv  ib.m.    Price.  l-.i  cts 
STAA  MANUFACTUIIINe  COWfANY.  Mannunt,  Pmi. 

ton  PKRWEEKSELUNUmvWatchei 
»«**' Jewelry 


,  etc.  «'i 


Notions. 

is-paee  t'a'taloKue  IVee.    Addres. 
M.  HANSON,  Chicaso.  III. 


AGENTS  WANTED  for  two  new  fast  selling  arti- 
cles .Samples  free.    C.  E.  MarHball.  Leckparl,  N.  Y. 


ROGER'S 


md  COWS  prevented  suck- 

iiii;   eai-li  other,  ^Iso  SEL.F 

SlCKlNtJ.  bv  Rice's  Patent  Weaner.    Used  by 
ill    stuck    Raisers,      prices    by    mail,    post-paid.      For 
s  till  1  year  old,  .55cenls:  till2years  old,  80  cents: 
"•  ■"      Circulars  free.      Agents  wanted. 

H.  C.  RICE,  Farmington,  Conn. 


Calv. 
older. 


S1.12. 


8  Packets  choice  FLOWER  SEEDS.lOc.    .5  packets  VEGE- 
TABLE  SEED,  10c.  postpaid.  J. 


.^„^-    .J  Ji 

J.  BELL.  Windsor.  N.\  . 


OflCTTl  4  cents  for  our  Sample  Book  of  Cards,  latest 
OJilEtlJ  styles.  AUSTIN  CAKD  CO..  New  Haven,  Ct. 


ent,  for  30  cts. 


all  dilTer- 
CARi)  WORKS,  Montpelier,  Vt. 


100  I-AHCE  PincyAdyerlisiiie  Cards. 


*P.  S.  CABBAGE.     THE    BEST   SEEDS  "ij/i> 
wiorM  supplied  by  ISAAC  F.  TILLINGHAST.  La  Plume,  Pa. 


•te\t\  Scrao  Pictures,  no  -1  alike,  and  set  nf  4  large  fJem 
100  Cliiomos  for  10c.    C.  OePUY.  SYRACUSE^N.  Y. 

n  A 'nT\nal)p«rfuine(I,Nefr  desieDs.lltllo  WauUes,  Gold 
VlAliJUljChromo,  Versus,  Mottoes  and  Hidden  Name, 
,ilh  !.n  tleyautpriie,  lOc.    Ivory  Card  Co.,  Cliolouville.Ct. 


SO 


VrUOIUPTnil  embroidery.  AXewBook; 
KLIIulllUlUll  siK'wsall  thestitches.  grives  tlie 
PROPER  COLORS,  and  teUs  now  to  wultK  nearly  100  tluwers. 
Spkmlidly  Illustrated.    Price  ;iOc.  _ 

Keiisiiiffton  and  Lustre  Painting. 

A  NEW  BOOK  lust  published,  contnininp  explicit  dibeo- 
Tiovs  for  doing  the  Painting.  Keckipts  for  mixing  the 
MEDIUMS,  for  applving  the  Bronzes  and  telUng  the  proper 
Paints  to  use  for  ditTerent  colored  Flowers,  with  mstruc- 
tinns  in  Painting  Embossed  PotteiT-  Price  %^c. 
nblTV  P\TCH\Vo1:K  Packages  tontainintr  12  pieces  of 
UnALI  Silk  and  Satin  St.\MI-ed  with  quaint  desinns, 
Eprav  etc  .  roadv  to  ho  worked.     J'l-ice  50c,  per  package. 

Nk'w  Cit.KZY  Patchwork  Book.     Gives  full  instnutions, 
shr."  s  H  full  sized  squares  and  125  New  Stitches.  Price  'i^-. 

Our  Sl.OO  Staiuviuff  Outlit  I . 


nplete  set  of  26  inttiaus,  :V>  full  sized  pa 
ei-y  and  Painting,  one  lesson  each  in  Kr 


Contains  conif 

for  Eniljroidei-y  and  Painting,  __ 

d.rv  niid  Lustre  Painting,  Powder.  Pad.  and  instructions 
for  stamping  that  will  not  mb,  and  one  Lai-ge  Eklt  Troy, 
Stamped, 'eadv  to  be  worked.     SPECIAL    Of  FERf 
We  will  send  everj'thing  named  in  this  advertisement 
or 31.75.  I'rice  list  freeT^V.  N.  bwrrr  &  Co..  Lynn.  Mass. 


20 


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JlAiuL<^°'l  •  ^oUd  UoUod  Qotd  Ulnc 
FRKE  for  ten  two-cent  ataropi.  Cot  this  out. 
CLIXTON  BR06.«OUiitonTUIe,Coiui 

lA^Seautlful      Satin     f*[nUheJ 

*"  Cards  und   one    K<»LLEU  <iOLl> 

'  RISG  FKEE  lor  t«ii  two-ccnt  •tump*. 

LMt  C.\RJ>  FACruRV,  Clinl-Jnville,  Ci^-ua^ 

SOLovelvChronioswithname  A  Apt  "b  new  Sample  Book  Ifk-.  6pki., 
Sample  Book  &.  tbUPencilfiOc.  E.  H.  PARDEE,  New  Haven,  Cona. 


60 


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Card6no2ivlike,nameon,ll>c..l3pack8#l.  Warranted  Wst 
•old.  Sample  Book.  4c.  L.  JONES  A  CO.,  Nassau,  N.  Y. 


100 


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ors,  with  name,  business,  and  address  on  aU 
for  40  cts..  50  for  'i^cts.  Carps  and  Letterheads 
at  same  price.  C  E  C-  DePVY .Syrarusr.  N.Y. 


CORN 


ThorouElibredCorn  and  Sqiiaeh  Seeds 

rirrulars  mul  fkimpl^s  FREE. 
JEFTS  &  CO.,  Ashby.  .Ilassnchusetts.' 

Latent  Cards,  Beauties,  In  fine  Caae  name  on.  and  Agt'i 
Siimple  Book  for  7c.  (stamps).  Anlo.Album  and  50 
Emb.  PicUireSj  5c-Wliifield  Cord  Co.,  Now  Haven, Ct 


501 


CnHidden  Name,  Embo^ed  A  Chromo  Cards  <t  a  Golden 
3U(;itt,  loc,  6  lots  .50c.     0.  M.  BRAIWARD.  Hlaminaili,  Com. 

Kn  E'nbnsaed.   Perfumed,   and    ffidden   Nam^  <'A  K  I>S 

0«-»  n,id  Agts.  Sample  Book  l»r  ?  one-cent  tumn.    .50  Em. 
boised  PIcluret  4  i-ia.    Aiaerlcan  Card  Co.,  Narihlord,  Conn. 


OKXAMENT.Vl.  ind  Fruit  Tric«.  lirape  Vliio...   PlaiiU,  *0. 
UKTIMSPOUA.S.    ARBOn-VITiK,     „ 
JITNIPKUS.   Atp..    for    tr:iiispljiiitinff.    KIEKrRR 
and  other  Penr  Ti-ce*.  exlni  .<i/.ps.    Catjlqsues  ft-ee. 
CIIAS.  B.  HOIINOR.  -III.  Hollj,  N,  J. 


*  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


JUNE,    1885. 


No.  X. 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 

8ub8erlptloilB  may  begio  with  any  number,  but  we  prefer  to  date 
themlmm  January  of  each  year.     Price  fifty  ceQt£  a  year,  in  advance. 

Benewalfi  can  be  eent  now.  no  matter  when  the  Bubscription 
eipires,  and  the  time  will  be  added  to  that  to  which  the  subscriber 
is  already  eutitled. 

Notice  is  always  sent  of  expiration  of  subscription.  If  not  renewed 
it  is  immediately  discontinued.  No  notice  is  required  to  stop  tbe 
paper,  and  no  bill  will  be  sent  for  extra  numbers, 

Renilttance«  may  be  made  at  our  risk  bv  Post  Office  Order, 
Postal  Note,  Registered  Letter,  Stamps  and  daoadian  Money  are 
taken,  but  if  sent  in  ordinary  letters  are  at  your  risk.  We  do  not 
advise  you  to  send  money  or  stamps  without  registering.  See  instruc 
tions  on  page  1'^. 

KecelptA. — We  send  a  reoeipt  for  all  money  seat  us.  If  you  do 
Dot  bear  from  us  in  a  reasonable  time,  write  again. 

AddreHMeA.— No  matter  how  often  you  have  written  to  us.  please 
always  give  your  full  name,  post  office  and  State.  We  have  noway 
to  hod  your  name  except  from  tbe  address. 

Names  cannot  be  guessed,  so  write  them  ptainlv  and  in  full.  If  a 
lady,  alwavB  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs.  Samautha  Allen  one  time 
and  Mrs.  Josiah  Allen  next.  If  you  do  not  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before 
your  signature,  do  not   be  offended  if  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Errorn- — We  make  them  ;  so  does  ever?  one.  and  we  will  cheerfuUv 
correct  them  if  you  write  us.  Try  to  write  us  good  naluredlv.  but  if 
yon  cannot,  then  write  to  us  any  way.  Uo  not  complain  to  any 
one  else  or  let  it  pass.  We  want  an  eaVly  opportunitv  to  make  right 
any  ittjnstice  we  may  do. 

ADVEKTI8ING  RATES.-Prom  Inue  of  January, 
1885.  to  Uecomber,  1885,  Inclusive,  60  cents  per  A|pate 
line  eacli  insertion. 

OUILO  BROS.    Ai  CO.,  Publlaliers, 
No.  786  filbert  Street,  Plilladelphia,  Penna. 


THE     FARMER'S     HOME    GARDEN. 

By  Joseph. 

Slowly  the  returns  come  in,— a  head  of  lettuce, 
a  bunch  of  radishes,  some  green  onions.  How 
we  all  relish  these  things  after  having  been  de- 
prived of  garden  "  sass  "  for  so  long  a  time.  Keep 
pushing,  keep  planting,  and  do  not  tire  of  weed- 
ing. Do  not  neglect  to  make  successive  sowings 
of  peas,  lettuce,  radish,  early  sweet  corn,  etc.  It 
is  still  time  to  set  out  tomato  and  pepper  plants. 
The  latter  do  well  on  rather  moist  ground.  In 
planting  tomatoes,  I  would  advise  setting  the 
plants  very  deep,  particularly  if  they  are  not 
well  root«d  or  have  but  little  or  no  soil  adhering 
to  their  roots.  They  will  do  well  if  almost 
buried  out  of  sight,  with  but  the  top  end  sticking 
out  of  the  ground.  The  whole  of  the  .stalk  will 
throw  out  roots  and  rootlets  at  once,  and  thus 
furnish  the  basis  for  a  strong  growth. 

Strawberries  will  soon  begin  to  turn.  The 
plants  should  now  be  disturbed  as  little  as  possi- 
ble. Cultivation  had  better  cease  until  after 
picking  time.  Pull  up  the  weeds  among  the 
plants  by  hand  or  kill  them  with  the  hoe,  but  do 
not  strike  in  very  deep.  Strawberries  need  an 
abundance  of  moisture.  Irrigation  is  often  of 
more  importance  and  effective  in  the  production 
of  a  fine  crop  than  manure  and  cultivation. 

By  the  way,  if  you  have  plenty  of  strawberries, 
would  it  not  be  well  for  you  to  tempt  your  near- 
est neighbor  wh 
read  the  Farm 
few   quarts    of 
kind    of  missionary 
health,  comfort, 
needed.      You 
heathen  that 
will  eat  the  mi, 
send  him.      They 

vert  him  to  your  latm,  ana  n /^ 
hereafter  he  will  grow  straw-  -  ~^'- 
toerrles.  -^ 

Professor  Riley  publishes 
Chas.  H.  Erwin's  (Painted 
Post,  N.  Y.)  plan  of  killing  the 
the  cabbage    worm  with  ice-cold 
water   on    a   hot,  sunny  day, 
method    is    simple    enough,  and 
home  grower  should  try  it.    Yet,  as  even 
a  severe   frost   does  not 
kill  the  worm,  I  am  led 
to  believe  that  it  may  be 
merely  stunned  by  the 
Budden  shock,  and  after- 
wards come  to  life  again. 


height  of  the  bug  season,  we  must  consider  the 
best  ways  of  fighting  them.  When  the  yellow- 
striped  squash-bug  is  full  fed  and  fastidious, 
almost  any  nauseous  substitjiee,  lime,  road  dust, 
cow  dung,  tobacco,  etc.,  will  turn  his  stomach. 
But  when  he  has  to  go  three  days  without  a  warm 
meal,  he  will  relish  his  •'  vittles  "  with  a  keen  ap- 
petite, no  matter  what  flavoring  extract  the 
cook  has  put  in,  or  how  it  is  adulterated.  He  will 
take  his  greens  with  cayenne  pepper,  salted,  with 
kerosene,  or  with  whatever  it  may  be.  The  ker- 
osene (coal  oil)  emulsion  I  believe  to  be  one  of 
the  most  reliable  remedies  after  all.  Care  must 
be  taken,  however,  to  have  the  emulsion  com- 
plete, by  thorough  churning,  else  the  application 
may  prove  fatal  to  the  plants.  Take  two  gallons 
of  kerosene,  one  of  water,  and  one-half  pound  of 
soap.  Mix  and  churn  by  means  of  a  force  pump 
or  otherwise,  and  for  a  sufficient  length  of  time. 
When  done,  the  mixture  should  have  the  con- 
sistency of  soft  butter.  Mix  one  gallon  of  this 
(soluble)  substance  with  ten  gallons  of  water, 
and  spray  the  plants  to  be  protected.  It  is  a  good 
remedy  for  the  cabbage  worm,  lice  on  animals, 
and  for  many  other  insects. 

Primroses  can  be  easily  grown  from  the  seed. 
Now  is  the  time  to  sow  them  if  you  want  nice 
winter-blooming  plants.  Buy  a  package  of 
mixed  seed  for  your  wife,  even  if  It  in  expensive. 


CUTTING  THE  SEED.' 


From  many  other  tests,  which  brought  forth 
similar  results,  we  will  mention  only  our  own  of 
last  season,  1884. 

The  soil  selected  for  the  test  is  a  rich  loam,  hav- 
ing been  used  as  an  onion  field  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  repeatedly  and  heavily  manured  with 
hog  and  hen  manure,  salt,  ashes,  kainit,  high- 
grade  super-phosphatj,  &c.  Variety  selected- 
Early  Gem.  Planted  in  drills  three  feet  apart, 
eighteen  inches  apart  in  the  drill.On  acco'nt 

of  the    high  fertility  of  the  soil,  we  did 

not    expect    to    see    a       <J|,  great  differ- 

ence in   favor  of  hea     q^*'V     <^x>-     "'y    need- 


ing.    A  quantity  of 


(.<„<■'< 


smooth    potatoes,  .%V'?'.^''/%     -t-^. 
a    pound     in        /•>^>''''A>*''t.:- 
weight  each,  s^/^<  "..%''*'/<  SS* 
..„,„,..,.j  >ii> .•<,'?««.»  J/.      ■/<(    .^•' 


arge, 
half 


.X' 


Tfc^^  <V.  ■  f-  *?   "V-  *>>  'o     r 


were  selected 
for    seed. 

of  the    Q.^S«7<;:>->/ ,. 


m^'m.y^'^^ 


Now,  as  we  are  in  the 


To  get  .'iOOO  new  aubscr 
offer.    For  FOUR  yearly  snb 
club,  free,  by  mail,  a  copy  of  Wor 
deflnitions  of  1.5,000  words,  mea 
for   apelline.  and   niimerouH  use 
in  cloth,  and  is  profusely  iliustrat 
being  shown   in   this.     It  is  well  worth 


ER'S  DICTIONARY  FREE! 

ibers  before  hot  weather,  we  make  a  niosl  liberal 

scribers  at  '2.5c.  each,  we  will  tiive  the  seiitler  of  the 

tester's  Abridged  Dictionary.     Tins  contains  the 

^nings^ot  luaiiy  fureisn  words  and  plirases^  rules 

II  's  \T'eir  printed,  haufls 


four  weeks  after  planting,  indicated  the  exact 

proportion  of  the  yield  afterwards. 
With  yield  from  whole  potatoes  taken  as  100, 

the  result  was  as  follows,  viz.  :— 
Whole  potatoes,       .       .       .    100.00  per  cent. 
Single  eye  on  whole  potato,      66.10  " 

Single  eye,  cut  from  N.  W.  1    .„  .„ 

to.S.  E I  *2.40 

Seed  end  half,    ....      61.02  " 

Stem  end  half,  ....      61.00  " 

M'hole  large  potatoes,  with- 1  ,,„,  .„  ,, 

out  seed  entf,  .       .       .       J  106.(8 

while  Prof.  Sanborn's  tests  show  the  following 
per  centage: — 
Whole  large  potatoes,    .       .    ISO.OO  per  cent. 
Whole  small  potatoes,    .       .      79.02         " 
Single  eye,         ....      36.16         " 
From  our  own  tests  we  must  infer  that  even  a 
high  state  of  fertility  of  the  soil,  or  a  sufflciency 
of  moisture  during  the  whole  season,  (which  were 
the  conditions  of  our  soil),  does  not  always  mar 
terially  lessen  the  benefits  derived  from  heavy 
seeding. 

A  very  common  circumstance  bears  testimony 
In  favor  of  liberality  in  seeding.  Every  farmer 
has  occasionally  come  across  a  sel/seeded  plant, 
grown  from  n  whole  potato  which  had  happened 
to  escape  the  vigilant  eye  of  the  digger,  and  if  he 
is  the  least  observing,  the  unusually  large  yield 
of  such  a  hill,  often  growing  under  unfavorable 
conditions— in  the  shade  of  a  corn  hill,  or  right 
in  the  midst  of  a  potato  patch,  perhaps  between 
the  rows— can  hardly  have  failed  to  attract  his 
notice. 

Prof.  Sanborn's  experience  coincides  with  our 
own,  and  serves  to  fortify  our  position.  He  says, 
(Bulletin  12.):— "The  growth  of  the  tops,  in  the 
early  season,  displayed  more  diflerence  in  favor 
of  large  seed  than  the  harvest  indication,  show- 
ing that  a  vigorous  leaf  at  the  early  period  of 
potato  growth  is  of  much  importance.  This  dif- 
ference has  been  noted  every  year  of  the  trials." 
*    «    *    ;r    «    * 

"The  leaf  is  broader,  the  stem  stronger,  and 
the  whole  top  always,  in  my  experience,  much  in 
advance  of  those  tops  grown  from  severely  cut  or 
from  small  potatoes." 

Incidentally,  we  have  mentioned  some  advan- 
tages of  a  mere   mechanical    nature,  resulting 
from  heavy  seeding.    The  tops  from  large  seed 
pieces,  appearing    above    ground  /mm   ime  to 
two  weeks  earlier  than  those  from  single  eyes, 
soon  meet,  shade  the  ground,  retain  the 
moisture  (and  perhaps,  ammonia),  and 
choke  out  weeds'  growth,  thus  saving 
a  considerable  amount  of    labor 
in  cultivation  and  in  fighting 
the  bugs.     There  is  a  great 
^  difierence  in  the  innate  vigor 

,.    ^.p     '    of  the  varieties.    Low  tops,  as  a 
*\_    "■■     rule,  yield  less  than  taller  varie- 
of   constitutional 
terbalanced,  and 
do  it.    We  can 
combination  of 
ght  prevent  a  cor- 
yield  from  heavier 
The  peeling  off 
with   many  eyes, 
large  tubers  con- 
decreases  that  of  small 
tubers.    With  early  varieties,  our  choice  of  seed, 
therefore,  is  as  follows,  in  the  order  named  : 

l.-Large  potato,  peeled  at  seed  end.  2,-AVhoIe 
large  potato  (4  ounces  or  more).  3.-Small  potato 
(less  than  4  ounces).  4. -.Seed-end  half  of  large  or 
medium  potato.  5.-Stem-end  half  of  large  or 
medium  potato. 

The  tops  of  even  dwarf  varieties  should  cover 

the  ground,  and  stimulation,  high  feeding  with 

potato  pulp  is  necessary  for  the  purpose.    Late, 

that  is,  strong-growing 

sorts   generally    do    that 

with  lighter  seeding  even 

on  common    farm-soils ; 

yet  with   so   vigorous   a 

grower  as      «•*«»« 


lul  taoies.      It  iii  well  printed,  hantfaoniely  bound    

.f "ai    nvi'""*  ??9  pises,  the  st.vle  of  l.vpe  and  illustrations     From  new  book  by   "Joseph," 
tue  91. UU  which  we  nsk  for  it  and  4  subscribers,  tlUed,  " UoDey  in  Fotatoei." 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN, 


GOLDEN   OPPORTUNITIES   IN   THE  SOUTH. 


Continued.    By  Joseph. 

Market  Gardetiing.  The  writer  stands  once 
more  ob  Southern  soil.  Tlie  villiage  from  which 
this  letter  will  be  mailed  to  the  Farm  and  (Har- 
den, is  but  small,  yet,  every  summer  the  houses 
are  crowded  with  boarders  from  the  cities.  The 
railroads  arrange  weekly  excursions  to  this 
neighborhood.  There  are  two  or  three  large 
hotels  and  innumerable  boarding-houses,  all 
requiring  a  vast  amount  of  garden  supplies 
throughout  the  warmer  season.  Yet,  there  is  not 
a  single,  solUari/  market  gardener  here.  The  de- 
mand is  large  and  prices  rule  very  much  higher 
than  in  city  markets.  One  or  two  of  the  hotels 
receive  tlieir  supply  of  vegetables,  early  berries, 
Ac,  from  Philadelphia  and  Washington.  Still, 
there  is  not  even  an  attempt  made  to  produce 
this  supply  at  home.  Why  not?  My  readers 
must  find  the  explanation  in  the  general  condi- 
tion of  the  South,  as  previously  related  in  these 
series  of  articles. 

The  circumstance  is  sing\ilar,  but  is  met  with 
in  very  many  of  these  inland  towns.  In  North- 
ern towns  of  this  size,  we  generally  find  an  excess 
of  supply  over  the  demand ;  or  but  little  demand 
and  live  competition,  which  brings  prices  down. 
Here  is  the  demand  and  profitable  prices,  and, 
therefore,  many  opportunities  which  good  mar- 
ket gardeners  might  embrace. 


PUMPKINS. 


JJv  John  M.  Stiihl.  St.  Louit,  Ifo. 

I  have  seen  it  stated  in  agricultural  Journals 
by  those  who  had  presumably  tested  the  matter 
(if  they  had  not  they  should  not  have  been  al- 
lowed to  express  an  opinion)  that  there  was  no 
economy  in  growing  pumpkins  and  corn  together; 
that  more  would  be  produced  by  growing  the  two 
separately,  as  the  pumpkins  would  lessen  the 
corn  crop  to  an  amount  greater  than  the  rent  of 
that  area  of  land,  which,  devoted  to  pumpkins 
alone,  would  produce  the  same  amount  as  that 
grown  with  the  corn.  My  e.Kperlence  of  twenty 
years  hiis  led  me  to  an  exactly  opposite  conclu- 
sion. To  test  the  matter  I  have  frequently  plant- 
ed alternate  strips  of  corn  with  and  without 
pumpkins,  and  Instead  of  those  strips  without 
pumpkins  yielding  more  corn,  there  was  very 
•  rarely  any  appreciable  dlflference;  while  this 
difference  was  invariably  in  favor  of  those  strips 
growing  pumpkins.  This  I  attributed  to  the 
effect  the  vines  have  as  a  mulch.  In  my  section 
(Western  111)  our  corn  crop  is  often  lessened  by 
drought  in  midsummer  and  later;  and  the  broad 
leaves  of  the  pumpkin  keeps  the  ground  under 
them  moist  (retarding  the  evaporation  of  the 
moisture  from  the  soil)  and  thus  Increasing  the 
yield,  I  am  perfectly  aware  of  the  fjict  that  the 
plant  food  cannot  nourish  the  corn  as  well ;  and 
this,  If  I  had  no  experience  in  the  matter,  would 
lead  me  to  believe  that  there  was  no  economy  in 
planting  corn  and  pumpkins  together.  But  I 
have  tested  the  matter  long  enough  to  be  certain 
of  my  position. 

I  now  use  the  two-hor.se  planter  altogether  in 
planting  corn,  hence  must  make  a  second  plant- 
ing of  the  pumpkins.  I  wait  until  the  corn  ap- 
pears above  the  surface;  am  compelled  to  do  so 
anyhow,  as  I  prefer  to  have  the  pumpkins,  at 
least,  ten  days  later  than  the  corn.  When  the 
plants  show  where  the  hills  of  corn  are,  I  take  a 
pointed  stick  and,  walking  along  the  rows,  make 
a  hole  close  to  each  hill,  in  which  I  drop  a  seed, 
and  then  close  the  hole  with  the  toe  of  my  shoe. 
In  this  way  I  can  plant  several  acres  per  day.  In 
cultivating  the  corn  I  pay  no  attention  to  the 
pumpkins.  They  do  not  get  of  a  size  to  be  dis- 
turbed until  the  last  cultivation  of  the  corn,  and 
then  no  serious  damage  is  done  them.  Though 
partially  covered  up  and  turned  on  their  backs 
until  they  wither,  they  revive  after  a  while  and 
seem  no  worse  for  the  rough  usage  the  cultivator 
has  given  them.  I  pay  no  attention  to  them 
when  cultivating  the  corn,  unless  one  should  be 
covered  up  entirely— a  very  rare  occurrence. 
Hence  the  only  expense  for  the  crop  is  planting 
and  harvesting— both  very  small  items.  1  raise 
about  a  thousand  bushels  each  year  and  consider 
them  the  most  profitable  crop  on  the  farm.  Some 
years  I  raise  twice  this  amount,  and  my  stock 
never  fails  to  furnish  profitable  consumption  for 
all  I  produce, 

I  feed  some  to  both  cattle  and  sheep,  but  the 
greater  bulk  to  my  hogs.  I  do  not  know  that  I 
would  be  such  an  enthusiastic  friend  of  pumpkins 
did  I  feed  thent  to  only  cattle  and  sheep,  for  I 
have  always,  in  my  opinion,  realized  the  highest 
price  for  them  when  I  fed  them  to  hogs.  My 
farm  is  well  suited  to  swine  raising.  I  have  an 
abundance  of  timber  pasture  with  a  stream  run- 
ning through  it,  and  good  clover  and  corn  land. 
Hence  I  raise  hogs  largely,  and  have  always  done 
9  well— a  fact  which  I  attribute  to  largely  feeding 
of  clover  and  Dumeliins.    Mr  >«oe:s  I  summer  on 


clover  and  blue  grass  pasture,  without  grain. 
When  the  pasture  fails  1  begin  to  feed  corn,  and 
in  the  fall  and  early  winter  fatten  rapidlj'.  At 
this  time  I  feed  mostly  on  corn,  but  I  am  too 
well  acquainted  with  tiie  results  of  exclusive 
corn  feeding  to  indulge  in  that  expensive  luxury. 
To  ward  olf  disease  rather  than  fatten  the  animals, 
I  teed  pumpkins  witli  the  com.  There  is  not 
mucli  nutriment  in  pumpkins  for  their  bulk,  but 
they  relieve  tlie  monoton.v  of  a  corn  diet.  When 
corn  is  fed  mostly,  it  taxes  the  digestive  organs 
to  the  utmost  and  will  ultimately  produce  dis- 
ease unless  other  foods  are  given  to  counteract 
it.  It  is  almost  sure  to  produce  constipation, 
and  a  good  authority  has  said  (truthfully,  in  my 
opinion)  that  four-fifths  of  what  we  call  hog 
cholera  has  an  immediate  rise  in  constipation. 
Pumpkins  have  a  gently  laxative  effect,  and 
therefore  relieve  the  constipated  condition  of  the 
bowels  produced  by  the  com.  It  is  this  which 
gives  them  their  chief  value — as  a  medicine 
rather  than  a  food.  Other  vegetable  foods  will 
have  the  same  effect,  and  of  these  I  give  the  hogs 
all  I  can  ;  but  they  would  prove  inadequate,  and 
therefore  I  raise  pumpkins.  Anyhow,  by  my 
plan  I  can  furnish  pumpkins  to  my  stock  at  less 
cost  than  any  other  food,  having  like  properties. 
I  can  produce  them  so  cheaply  that  the  nutri- 
ment they  contain  would  make  them  profitable, 
not  to  speak  of  their  medicinal  virtues.  In  con- 
clusion, I  would  urge  my  brother  farmers,  es- 
pecially those  having  hogs  or  cows  to  feed,  to 
make  pumpkins  one  of  the  principal  crops  of 
their  farms.  

NOTES    ON     MAY     NUMBER. 


pounds  of  commercial  fertilizer  on  2000  plants. 
This  cost  a  little  over  twenty  dollars,  but  he  sold 
one  hundred  and  seventy  dollars'  worth  of  cab- 
bage, besides  having  some  thirty-pound  heads 
for  the  State  Fair.  , 

Qn  page  4jf  am  made  to  say  that  I  do  not  be- 
lieve that  the  pollen  affects  the/lower  of  straw- 
berries. I  wrote  ii/tavor,  which  is  a  very  differ- 
ent matter.  

OUR   DREADED  VISITOR. 


£ij  W.  C.  .Steele,  .S'witzeiland,  Florida. 


Joseph  is  usually  so  correct  In  his  statements 
that  I  seldom  find  anything  to  criticise  in  his  ar- 
ticles. But  I  must  dissent  very  emphatically 
from  his  opinion  that  it  is  ahi/tfe.f.t  to  sow  seeds 
with  a  hand  drill.  He  gives  no  reason  except 
that  it  saves  labor  in  cultivating  and  weeding  to 
sow  by  hand.  If  he  can  sow  seeds  by  hnnd  better 
than  it  can  be  done  with  a  drill,  then  he  is  a 
more  expert  workman  than  any  that  I  have 
ever  met.  In  the  April  number  he  recommends 
the  Matthews  drill,  and  that  probably  accounts 
for  his  prejudice  against  alt  drills.  I  presume 
that  the  Matthews  is  as  good  as  any  that  work 
on  the  same  plan,  but  the  principle  is  not  good. 

Like  Joseph,  I  prefer  to  soak  many  kinds  of 
seeds  before  planting  them,  and  therefore  I  have 
no  use  for  any  drill  except  the  Planet  Jr.,  that 
being  the  only  one  that  I  know  of  which  will 
sow  soaked  seed  without  injuring  them.  Any 
drill  having  an  agitator  In  the  hopper  will  split 
and  mash  soaked  seed,  and  spoil  a  great  deal  of 
It.  But  as  the  Planet  simply  rolls  the  seed  over 
and  over,  It  may  be  soaked  almost  to  the  point  of 
sprouting,  and  still  be  sown  without  injury.  I 
know  this  to  be  a  fact  from  ample  personal  ex- 
perience. 

Farther,  if  you  wish  your  seed  sown  in  bunches, 
it  is  easily  done  with  the  Planet  Jr.  All  that  is 
necessary  is  to  stop  up  part  of  the  holes  in  the 
drum  with  bits  of  cloth  or  paper.  I  have  stopped 
all  the  holes  but  two  in  sowing  some  seeds,  and 
thus  had  them  in  bunches  several  inches  apart. 

Joseph  says  farther  on,  that  salsify  7nuM  be 
sown  by  hand.  It  is  not  necessary.  If  you  only 
wish  a  very  few  for  home  use,  it  may  be  as  well 
to  sow  by  hand,  as  a  machine  uses  more  seed. 
But  if  growing  a  quantity  for  market,  stop  up 
every  other  hole  in  the  drum  of  the  Planet,  and 
sow  with  the  drill.  The  time  saved  will  much 
more  than  pay  for  the  extra  seed  needed.  When 
sown  with  a  drill  the  row  is  so  much  narrower 
and  straighter  that  it  is  more  easily  cultivated. 

+ 

In  "Garden  Notes,"  on  page  3,  the  same  mis- 
take is  made,  with  the  addition  that  parsnips 
must  be  sown  by  hand,  t  have  sown  pounds  of 
parsnip  seed  with  a  Planet  drill,  to  my  own  per- 
fect satisfaction.  As  in  the  case  of  salsify,  it 
takes  a  little  more  seed,  but  the  time  saved  will 
pay  for  it  over  and  over  again. 

I  would  not  advise  sowing  peas  with  a  drill  on 
the  level  surface.  But  when  your  furrow  is 
plowed  or  hoed  out,  then  they  can  be  sown  in 
the  bottom  of  the  trench  with  a  drill  much  more 
evenly  than  by  hand,  and  in  a  narrow,  straight 
row,  which  will  be  much  easier  to  keep  clear  of 
weeds  than  when  scattered  all  over  a  broad  fUr- 
row  by  hand.  , 

The  man  who  took  the  premium  for  the  best 
cabbage  at  our  State  Fair,  in  February,  used  800 


One  who  has  seen  much  of  Cholera  in  its  sev- 
eral visits  to  this  country  since  1831,  gives  some 
suggestions  about  it  whidi  are  interesting  and 
timely,  and  are  calculated  to  allay  *.he  fears  of 
the  timid. 

One  point  especially  noted  was  that  "  the 
drunkards  died  like  flies."  So  did  those  whose 
systems  were  weakened  by  any  evil  courses.  A 
prudent  person,  of  good  habits,  living  in  a  cleanly 
section,  need  have  little  anxiety  about  the 
cholera. 

Another  fact  stated  was  that  chol«'a  was  no 
more  catching  than  a  broken  leg.  Others  might 
fall  over  the  same  obstacle  and  break  their  legs. 
Foul  affluvias  inhaled  by  one  person  in  a  house, 
and  causing  cholera,  may  be  breathed  by  others 
with  the  same  result.  No  sanitary  method  has 
ever  improved  on  the  old  direction — "  wash  and 
be  clean."  It  is  a  hopeful  sign  that  towns,  cities 
and  individual  householders  are  engaging  in  the 
work  this  season  with  redoubled  vigor  and  thor- 
oughness, and  the  chances  seem  good  that,  in- 
stead of  a  very  sickly  summer,  we  may  have  one 
of  unusual  health. 

It  is  usual,  says  this  writer,  for  those  attacked 
with  this  disease  to  have  premonitory  symptoms 
from  one  to  four  days  before  it  reaches  a  danger- 
ous stage.  People  of  good  habits,  who  take  the 
proper  restoratives  at  this  early  stage,  almost 
always  recover  with  but  little  troublfe. 

We  have  kept  in  the  house  for  twenty  years,  or 
more,  a  remedy  for  cholera  and  all  kindred  dis- 
eases, which  was  employed  by  Dr.  Hamlin,  and 
other  missionaries,  in  Constantinople,  when  it 
raged  there  so  violently  In  186-5.  It  proved  most 
efficacious  in  this  early  stage,  and  Is  a  good 
household  remedy  for  summer.  It  is  simply 
equal  parts  of  Laudanum,  Spirits  of  Camphor, 
and  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  Begin  with  thirty 
drops  as  a  dose,  and  increase  it  if  the  attack  is 
violent.  Absolute  rest  and  qiiiet  is  necessary.  If 
one  says;— "Oh,  I  haven't  time  for  that!  Re- 
member that  in  all  probability  then  you  must 
"  take  time  "  to  die. 


THE   SOUTHTRN    FEVER  AGAIN. 

By  a  rtew  Settler. 


C.  C.  says  in  the  May  number  of  Farm  and 
Garden  that  the  "craze"  for  going  South  In- 
creases as  time  passes.  Whether  it  is  a  "craze" 
or  not,  depends  very  much  on  circumstances. 

Since  my  letter  about  Florida  was  published 
in  the  January  number,  I  have  received  over 
two  hundred  letters  of  inquiry.  I  do  not  remem- 
ber that  a  single  one  writes  as  though  he  de- 
sired to  come  South  simply  to  better  his  condi- 
tion financially.  Some  wanted  to  try  a  change 
of  climate  on  account  of  health,  but  the  usual 
reason  was  a  desire  to  escape  the  long,  cold  win- 
ters of  the  Northern  States.  They  were  not  all 
from  extremely  cold  States,  such  as  Minnesota 
and  Maine,  though  I  had  letters  from  both  States 
and  also  from  Canada.  But  I  had  more  letters 
from  'Virginia  and  Kansas  than  from  any  other 
two  States. 

I  would  not  advise  any  one  owning  a  good,  pro- 
ductive farm,  which  will  support  his  family 
emnfortably,  to  sell  out  and  come  South  or  go 
West,  unless  necessary  on  account  of  health.  But 
for  persons  of  small  means  who  think  of  going 
West  to  start  on  the  plains,  I  do  claim  that 
Florida  offers  greater  advantages  than  can  be 
found  in  Kansas  or  Nebraska. 

I  know  nothing  of  the  educational  advantages 
of  any  other  Northern  State,  but  I  think  they 
are  as  good  in  Florida  as  is  usual  in  new  settle- 
ments at  the  West.  Though  our  school  fUnd  is 
small,  compared  with  those  of  older  and  more 
thickly-settled  States  of  the  North,  yet  we  have 
a  special  advantage  as  to  teachers. 

Though  we  cannot  pay  large  salaries,  yet  we 
have  no  difficulty  in  securing  first-class  teachers, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  so  many  teachers  come 
here  every  year  on  account  of  health,  who  are 
glad  to  teach  at  a   low  price  to  help  pay  their 


IMPHOVEO  VIRGINIA  FARMS  for  sale  on  pnsr  terms. 
imr  >v.  B.  PENDLETON,  Box  .500,  CUCKOO,  Va. 


;.A.i^:e3. 


inn  nELAWARE  FAR!>IS.    For  catalogue, 
AUU  eivlriK  FULL  JXFOH.VATIOX,  amilv  lo 
TUOalAS  si  CLARK.  DOVER,  DELAWARE. 


FLORIDA 


STATE  MAPS  AND  FACTS 
FOR  SETTLER.S.  Land  List. 
Send  TEN  CENTS  to 

WALDO  LAND  OFFICE,  WALDO.  FLA. 


_  t  naan  on  .Tames  Kiver,  Va.,  In  a  Northern 
k  AUIUlV  settlement.  IlluBlraled  circular  FREE. 
rnniTlO     J.  F.  IMANCUA.  CInremont,  Va.   , 


THE   FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


expenses,  rather  than  be  idle.  In  fact,  a  family 
containing  two  or  three  children  of  school  age, 
if  they  live  where  there  are  no  public  schools, 
can  easily  obtain  the  services  of  a  good  teacher 
during  the  winter  at  the  bare  expense  of  the 
teacher's  board. 

I  do  not  recommend  school  teachers  to  come  to 
Florida  to  make  money.  But  if  obliged  to  come 
on  account  of  health,  they  will  probably  do  as 
well  as  in  most  parts  of  the  West. 

As  to  isolation  from  all  society,  thai  does  not 
apply  to  Florida.  All  through  the  orange  grow- 
ing counties  there  are  settlements  of  Northern 
people,  and  among  them  you  will  And  as  good 
society  as  can  be  found  anywhere  in  the  United 
States.  In  this  settlement,  we  have  as  good 
neighbors  as  can  be  anywhere,  and  they  are 
much  more  sociable  than  is  usual  at  the  North. 

In  some  parts  of  the  South  wages  are  low,  but 
not  in  the  orange-growing  counties  of  Florida. 
Common  labor  costs  from  $1.00  to  SI. 50  per  day, 
and  carpenters  get  from  S1.50  to  83.00  per  day, 
according  to  skill. 

We  have  less  sickne.ss  in  this  settlement,  in 
proportion  to  the  number  of  people,  than  I  ever 
saw  elsewhere,  and  I  have  lived  in  Nebraska, 
Indiana,  New  Jersey  and  New  York ;  but  like  all 
new  countries,  we  do  have  occasional  cases  of 
fever-and-ague  and  malarial  fever.  The  type, 
however,  is  usually  milder  and  yields  more 
readily  to  treatment  than  at  the  North. 

Malaria  being  always  worse  in  warm  weather 
than  in  cold,  I  should  have  a  very  poor  opinion 
of  the  Judgement  of  a  physician  who  would  send 
a  patient,  already  suffering  from  malaria,  from  a 
cold  into  a  warm  climate.  A*  to  this  climate 
being  debilitating,  [  do  not  find  it  so  in  my  own 
experience,  nor  in  that  of  my  neighbor.  Those 
who  were  active  and  energetic  at  the  North, 
remain  so  here.  A  naturally  lazy  man  is  not 
likely  to  improve  here.  Less  labor  is  necessary 
to  support  life  here  than  at  the  North ;  hence,  he 
has  not  as  great  incentives  to  hard  work. 

As  I  have  said  in  former  letters,  I  think  the 
chances  for  a  poor  man  to  make  himself  a  com- 
fortable home,  are  better  in  Florida  than  any- 
where else  in  the  United  States. 


Talk  is  only  fit  for  the  lawyers,  who  are  paid  for 
their  work  according  to  the  length  and  versatility 
of  their  tongues. 

A  thousand  fairs,  or  more,  are  held  each  year 
in  the  United  .States.  Some  one,  or  more,  of  these 
are  not  many  miles  away  from  any  farmer.  Do 
not  take  any  stock  in  fairs,  because  sometimes 
the  judges  have  either  been  incompetent  or 
unjust.  When  .some  enterprising  person  talks  of 
getting  up  a  show,  discourage  him  from  the  first, 
because  it  cannot  pay. 

If  you  would  work  in  the  dark,  have  nothing 
to  do  with  any  exhibition  or  gathering  of  men  of 
any  sort.  A  meeting  of  sheep  men  is  for  the 
the  puri)Ose  of  pulling  wool  over  the  eyes  of  the 
farmers  with  small  flocks.  The  cattle  men  meet 
to  skin  some  one,  and  the  swine  preachers  are 
perfect  bores.  The  more  you  know  about  liorses 
the  less  pleased  you  will  be  with  your  own.  The 
wise  horse  men  are  forever  trading.  Avoid  all 
contact  with  these  terrible  experts. 

Another  method  of  working  in  the  dark  is  to 
have  nogarden.  It  is  small  business  this  planting 
radishes  in  a  bed,  and  as  for  setting  out  a  straw- 
berry bed,  it  is  positively  effeminate.  Flowers 
are  pretty,  but  they  are  not  salable,  like  tine  corn. 
Pork  packed  away  in  a  barrel  is  solid  living,  and 
there  is  no  fuss  about  cooking  a  mess  like  there 
is  with  green  peas. 


kitchen  slops  must  be  sinking  continually  into 
the  ground,  nor  no  cess-pools  must  be  sunk 
within  one  hundred  feet  of  the  well.  The  well 
being  deep,  draws  the  moisture  to  it  for  a  dis- 
tance of  one  hundred  feet  in  every  direction. 
Take  your  tape-line  and  go  to  measuring.  I 
think  you  will  find  many  wells  not  forty  feet 
apart.    If  you  do,  remedy  it  at  once. 

Ail  the  papers  say  that  we  are  to  have  tha 
Asiatic  cholera  here  this  summer.  I  do  not 
know;  but  I  do  knmv  that  we  ought  to  get  ready 
for  it.  Clean  up  all  decaying  matter.  Burn  it  up 
or  haul  it  away.  If  a  well  is  in  a  bad  place, 
remove  the  surroundings  or  dig  a  new  one.  Is 
your  cellar  clean?  If  not,  go  to  work  then  at 
once.  Carry  out  all  the  mouldy  boards  and  bar- 
rels. Clean  out  every  particle  of  decayed  vegeta- 
bles, and  whitewash  every  inch  of  the  walls  and 
over  head  with  lime  and  copperas.  Clean  up  the 
tloor  well ;  and  if  it  is  of  dirt,  sprinkle  strong 
a-shes  over  it;  if  of  cement,  it  can  be  scrubbed 
like  any  floor.  The  kitchen  slops,  such  as  are  not 
wanted  for  the  hogs,  can  be  carried  away  from 
any  dwelling  with  a  tile  drain,  costing  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  dollars;  or  you  can  hang  a  bar- 
rel between  two  old  buggy  wheels,  and  when  it 
is  full,  cart  it  away  and  empty  on  the  ground 
that  needs  fertilizing.  I  want  to  write  more  on 
this  subject,  but  I  fear  the  Editor  of  The  Farm 


WORKING   IN  THE   DARK. 


By  Beedy  Aich. 

Some  farmers  are  frequently  so  behind  hand 
with  their  work  that  they  need  to  prolong  the 
hours  of  their  labor  into  the  evening.  This  kind 
of  working  in  the  dark  is  bad  enough,  but  it  is 
Jar  better  than  laboring  in  the  darkness  that 
comes  from  the  lack  of  mental  light.  There  is 
but  very  little  excu.se  for  any  one  not  being  up 
with  the  times  in  this  age  of  telegraph  and  the 
printing  press.  It  is  a  blind  prejudice  that  keeps 
a  man  from  taking  a  paper  in  nine  cases  out  of 
ten.  The  money  is  always  at  hand  when  the 
mind  is  well  disposed.  The  farmer  who  takes 
the  papers  is  the  most  prosperous,  and  the 
daily  or  weekly  visits  of  the  papers  have  some- 
thing to  do  with  the  prosperity  of  those  who  read 
them.  Therefore,  one  of  the  methods  of  working 
In  the  dark,  is  to  abstain  from  taking  any  papers 
devoted  to  a  person's  calling.  In  this  way  the 
methods  of  others  are  kept  from  sight  and  mind. 
Any  new  Invention  Is  unknown,  and  not  being 
known  is  a  weapon  in  the  hand  of  others,  who  use 
it,  to  the  disadvantage  of  all  who  do  not.  Let  us 
give  an  illustration.  A  neighbor  has  recently 
procured  a  potato  planter,  with  which  one  man 
can  do  the  work  of  seven.  Such  a  machine  pays 
for  itself  several  times  over  when  a  hundred  rows 
are  to  be  planted.  With  this  planter,  my  neigh- 
bor tells  me,  he  can  raise  potatoes  for  less  than 
ten  cents  a  bushel.  What  is  the  natural  result? 
He  will  put  in  two  or  three  times  as  many  acres 
as  he  would  otherwise,  (it  would,  of  course,  not 
pay  to  have  a  machine  for  a  small  patch),  and  he 
becomes  known  as  a  potato  raiser,  and  a  person 
who  always  has  a  stock  of  this  food.  He  can  ship 
his  potatoes  in  car  load  lots,  and  gains  in  freight 
rates  as  well  as  saving  In  the  cost  of  growing  the 
tubers.  The  man  who  does  not  keep  up  with  the 
times,  with  all  its  modern  labor-saving  machines, 
Is  fighting  a  losing  battle. 

Another  good  way  to  work  in  the  dark  is  to  be 
always  at  work.  Never  go  to  your  neighbors  and 
learn  how  he  does  things.  Know  nothing  about 
his  stock.  If  he  is  using  a  full-blooded  ram  or 
bull,  and  thereby  increasing  the  value  of  his 
flock  or  herd  nearly  two-fold  in  a  single  year, 
never  know  anything  about  it.  The  methods  of 
Improving  stock  are  all  given  in  the  stock  jour- 
nals; but  they  may  as  well  never  been  printed, 
because  they  are  not  seen. 

Keep  away  from  any  farmers'  club,  because  you 
have  not  taken  the  papers  and  will  not  be  able 
to  understand  about  potash,  nitrogen,  phosphoric 
acid,  pupotency,  cross-breeding,  etc.  Do  not 
think  well  of  such  meetings  should  you  chance 
to  hear  that  they  are  being  held,  because  the  only 
thing  for  a  farmer  to  do  is  to  work  in  the  field.  | 


If  you  work  in  the  dark  yourself,  the  children  |  and  G.\rden  will  think  I  am  occupying   too 


will  also  dwell  in  the  same  darkness— at  least 
until  they  get  large  enough  to  see  better  than 
you  when  they  soon  will  be  gone.  The  old  home 
is  then  empty  arid  the  darkness  settles  into  the 
deepest  night. 


KITCHEN   SLOPS. 


By  Mahala  B.  Chadtlork.  Vermonl,  PuUon  Oa.,  HI. 

Where  do  they  go?  Does  the  drain  from  the 
kitchen  sink  just  reach  outside  the  wall  a  little 
ways,  and  is  it  left  to  run  there  half  the  time 
without  a  bucket  under  it,  to  .soak  the  ground 
full  of  reeking  tilth  for  rods  around?  Is  the  well 
where  it  will  draw  the  foul  matter  into  it? 
Fathers,  mothers,  as  you  value  the  lives  of  your 
children,  look  into  this  matter,  and  look  into  it 
now;  do  not  wait  a  single  day.  All  slops  from 
the  kitchen  should  be  disposed  of  in  some  sure 
way,  and  not  be  left  to  chance  and  guess-work. 
The  man  that  guea.ies  that  the  old,  worn-out 
drain  will  do  until  fall,  may  be  lying  in  a  trench 
himself  before  fall  comes,  as  the  work  of  that 
same  deadly  drain ;  or  if  he  escapes  because  he  is 
not  compelled  to  breath  the  malaria  from  the 
stagnant  ground,  by  reason  of  his  being  away 
from  his  house  all  day,  his  wife  and  little  ones 
who  stay  by  it  most  of  the  time,  may  be  the  suf- 
ferers. I  read  the  other  day  about  how  the  Per- 
sian women  were  shut  up  in  cells,  and  treated 
worse  than  animals.  A  lady  doctor  was  sent  for 
to  see  a  rich  woman,  and  when  she  found  the 
patient  was  out  in  a  shed,  she  went  to  her  there. 
The  woman  lay  on  some  bare  boards  on  the 
ground,  while  close  by  her  was  a  calf  covered  up 
in  a  bed.  The  article  went  on  to  compare  the 
women  of  that  country  with  American  women  ; 
but  when  I  see  the  kitchen  drain  emptying  into 
the  well,  I  say  this  man  is  no  better  than  a 
heathen,  and  he  ought  to  live  in  Persia.  I  believe 
it  is  the  strong  point  with  all  sanitarians  that  no 


much  space. 


NOTES    BV   THE    WAY. 

To  make  a  roller,  take  two  old  mowing  machine 
wheels,  and  bolt  planks  on  them. 

Oats  ground  that  is  seeded  to  clover  in  the 
spring  will  usually,  if  well  rolled  after  seeding, 
make  a  better  catch,  and  suffer  much  less  from 
dry  weather.  There  is  also  a  gain  should  the 
oats  lodge,  of  having  a  level  surface  to  cut  over. 

We  are  Just  as  careful  to  deal  squarely  with  our 
readers  as  we  can  be.  We  do  not  like  frauds,  and 
believe  we  should  do  the  right  thing  by  every 
one.  We  may,  when  we  have  so  many  letters  to 
read,  overlook  a  request,  but  we  never  mean  to  do 
it.  Our  readers  are  our  family,  and  a  large  one, 
too,  and  we  shall  treat  every  one  of  them  like  one 
of  our  own.  If  we  make  a  mistake,  as  all  do, 
tell  us  of  it  kindly,  and  we  will  always  see  to  It 
that  you  are  righted. 

Manures  for  corn  should,  for  most  soils,  contain 
potash  in  some  form,  and  phosphates.  The  effect 
of  ammonia  on  corn  is  usually  not  well  marked, 
but  potatoes  will  require  all  three.  Ammonia  is 
a  dear  manure,  but  is  usually  wasted  when 
applied  to  corn,  but  valuable  for  potatoes. 

The  best  potato  manure  is  composed  of  400 
pounds  of  dissolved  bone,  .'iOO  pounds  of  nitrate 
of  potash,  and  2(X)  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda, 
well  mixed,  and  applied  at  the  rate  of  .500  pounds 
per  acre.  The  cost  of  the  raw  materials  will  be 
about  fifteen  dollars  per  acre,  and  in  a  favorable 
soil  the  yield  shovild  be  200  bushels  per  acre,  and 
will  usually  make  a  much  better  crop  than  the 
application  of  20  two-horse  loads  of  stable  man- 
ure, and  make  much  fairer  potatoes.  Experi- 
ments prove  it.  -.  ■  i 


CIDER 

■■  ■  i/t^n  A  Should  send  for  oar  NEW  rnrr 

M  A  K  r  KN  ^^^^  CATALOGUE  mailedrnCt 

III  H  n  L 1 1 W  Boomer  Jb  Boschert  Press  Co.  Sjracose.I.T 


IPDnCPnDFC  Telescopes,  Spectacles,  Barom- 
lUilUOuUrLO  <rf^r5,    ThermomFfrrs,   Photo- 

graphic   Outfit'^    for    Amateurs,  Opera    Glasses,  itc. 

W.  H.  WALM8LCT  4  CO.^  successors  to  R.  &J.  Beck, 
Philadelphia.    Illustrated  Price-Liat  free  to  any  address. 


W 


RIR   pay  ^or   Introducins    BUCKEYE    CHURN. 
DIU  rui  Addre.ss,  BUCKEYE  CHUKN  CO..  Dundee.  Mich. 


VINES— Po'keepsie,  RedUlstir, 
Proliflc.  NIAtJAKA.and  other 
ofd  and  new  varietien.StrAWberriet, 
^_____       ^  Blickberrie^   MARI.BOKO  4 
^Z,.     ....  I   ^^  other  R&spberriee.  Catalogue /r<« 

JUEl^  HOUNKK  &  HON,  Merchancville,  N.  J. 


GRAPE; 


SEND  to  KINC  &  CO..  Oweeo,  N.Y..  for  Catalogue 
'    and  Price-List  of  CUSTOM   HMD-MADE   HARNESS. 


Jlevolvers, 
^    Rifles, 

I  Adiire4t^^^^m 
^Or«  at  Weftei^ 
S«nW»k>,riuitiurfJ 


inn  r.'ARGE  Fancy  Advertising  Cards,  all  differ- 

■"«»  ent.  for  30  cIs.    CARD  WORKS,  Montpellcr,  Vt. 


THE   WONDERFUL  CAMERA  LUCIDA,      Equal  to  an  eye  in 

'  the  back  of  yonr  liead.    With  it  you  can  see  persons 

behind  von  without  beinE;  spi^ii  hy  tliem.    Price,  1*2  cts. 

STAR  MANUrACTURING   COMPANY,  Manatunk,  Penna. 


DUTCH  BULBS  AND  FLOWER  ROOTS 

Peter  van  Velsen  &  Sons^suib  Growers, 

OVFTRVEEN.  HAARl.E.M  (lloLLAND). 

(Eitablljlieil  18341,  hee  to  intimate  that  their  NEW  WHOLE- 
SALE TRADE  CATALOGUE  (or  1885  of  BI'T.BS  and  nil 
BUI.BOlT.Sand  TIIBEROILS-ROOTED  PLANTS 
IS  now  ready,  and  mav  be  had  po.>4t-free,  on  application. 
FIRST  CLASS  GOODS-VERY  LOW  PRICES 


A  nt1?'KrT'S  Wanted  on  Sninry  or  Commission. 
^A7Xil«  XO  J,,.  E.  wkltney.  Nyrternnan.  Rocheiler.  N.Y. 

THE  6RANEER  FAMILY  FRUIT  AND  VEGETABLE 

EVAPORATORS. 

S3. .■50.  I«6.00.    AND   glO.OO. 

Send  lorriniilar,  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'G  CO..  268  S.  Flltk  St.  Pklla. 


GRAINS,  Norlhern  orewn.  New  Tested 


SEED v    ". 

^^^■^   loei,  etc.    Pure  Seed!  cneap.    Planlt  b<  I 
tnouiandi.    Catalogue  free.  J.  F.  Salzer,  La  Craiie,  Wli. 


(46 bu.  per  A.)  Wheal.  Date.  Com,  PoU- 
loet,  etc.    Pure  Seedi  cneap.    Planlt  b<  Ikt 


^PORTABLE  evaporator:- 

Will  DRY  nil  kinds  of  Fruit  HANDSOMELY. 
Send  for  Circular  to  H.  TOPPING,  MABION,  N.   T. 


TRAWBERRY   PLANTS 

July,  Auicu«t,  and  September  Prlce-Llut  now  ready. 
FORTY  varieiic^,  inciudinc;  Rlvemlde,  Topeka,  tod  Call. 

rornla.— 1^1^*1'  thre*;  are  making  a  atir  among  fruit  erowera.  Alss 
Parrj,  Mrs.  Garfleld,  Cornelia,  Garrison,  Atlantic,  Dan> 
lei  Boone,  aii'l  Old  Iron  Clad.  Evfry  one  who  is  inCerf^ted 
ahould  send  for  our  price-liaC  and  learn  how  it  is  done.  Price! 
lower  than  they  were  last  Spring,  and  we  ship  hundrcdn  of  mil«* 
with   perfect   safety,  even   in   the   h»t   month  of  July.      Addresa 

C.  BOCCS,  MOORTON,  DELAWARE. 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


Oi^HAr^D  AND  Small  Fr^uiTS 

Omdiu:(.£d  by  Eli  Mitich,  Shiloh,  N.  J. 
THE    ARKANSAS    APPLE. 


We  give  a  cut  of  a  promising  new  apple  we  saw 
at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition,  called  the  Arkan- 
sas or  Arkansaw.  The  Arkansaw  being  a  Houtli- 
ern  apple,  would,  when  planted  in  the  middle 
Bection  of  the  United  States,  be  in  season  proba- 
bly from  January  to  April,  our  season  being  so 
much  later.  The  color  is  a  bright,  mottled  red  on 
the  upper  half,  the  lower,  being  of  a  reddish-yel- 
low. Cavity  much  russeted,  and  extending  on 
the  surface  in  indistinct  rays. 

The  texture  is  fine  and  the  flavor  a  pleasant 
subacid.  It  is  remarkably  heavy  for  its  size,  like 
the  Swaar,  and  will  prove  a  good  keeper.  It  is 
in  fine  condition  in  Arkansas  as  late  as  March, 
and  will  keep  much  longer.  Our  specimen  was 
in  fine  condition  for  keeping  when  cut  on  the  3d 
of  March.  Our  illustration  gives  the  form,  size, 
and  shape,  size  of  seeds,  core,  etc.,  all  of  which 
are  carefully  reproduced. 

The  tree  is  a  good  grower,  young  wood  a  very 
dark  brown— almost  black,  and  in  habit  resem- 
bles the  Winesap,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  seed- 
ling, but  is  better  rooted.  It  is  a  good  bearer, 
and  sets  the  fruit  evenly  through  the  tree.  We 
are  testing  the  Arkansas  in  our  trial  orchards, 
and  feel  confident  we  shall  find  it  a  desirable 
fruit.  We  got  our  information  of  the  varictv 
and  a  speclinen  of  the  fruit  from  Mr.  E.  F.  Bab- 
cock,  Kusselville  Nurseries,  near  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas. 

FRUIT  NOTES. 
A  tree  that  has  been  lately  planted  will  revive 
if  kept  well  watered.  Mulch  the  tree  with  any 
litter,  and  keep  well  watered.  Much  better  carry 
a  few  pailfuls  of  water  than  to  buy  a  new  tree 
next  spring. 

Prune    all  branches  closely.    Wounds, 
made  by  pruning  heal  soonest  in  June, 
We  leave  all  large  stubs  left  in  winter 
pruning  until  then,  and  saw  all  off  very 
closely.      The  hot,  dry  winds   soon 
stop  the  flow  of  sap  and  the  bleeding 
which    occurs  in  earlier  and  later 
pruning. 

A    writer     In     Cnleman'a    RxtraZ 
World  Bays,  to   make    an    apple- 
tree  that    blossoms   but  does  not 
bear    fruit,  fi*uitful,  "laj*    in   the 
crotch    of    the   tree    a     stone    as 
large    as  your  two  fists;    if    you 
lay    It    in    now  you    will    have   a 
good  crop    of  apples  this  year." 
We  hope  our  readers  will  not  try  it. 
It  would  be    a    pity    to   wjiste    the 
stones,  even  if  they  are  cheap.      We 
think    much  better   advice  was  given 
eighteen    hundred     years    ago    (see 
Luke  XIII.,  6-9).     Save  the  stones  for 
something  else. 

Pear  orchards  kept  in  grass  and  surface- 
manured,  appears  to  be  the  safest  plan  for 
growing.  Cultivation  makes  a  large  growth  of 
immature  wood,  which  is  sure  to  blight.  The 
vitality  of  the  new  growth  Is  Injured  by  the  cold, 
and  will  become  apparent  the  following  sum- 
mer. We  had  a  Vicar  top-grafted  on  a  Duchess 
that  grew  finely  and  blossomed  freely  this 
spring,  while  the  stock  was  dead  and  black  with 
winter-kill.  As  long  as  the  healthy  sap  that  was 
in  the  Vicar  wood  lasted  it  grew  finely,  while  all 
below  it  was  dead.  Exhausted  vitality  and 
blight  are  one. 

See  to  newly-set  trees  that  they  do  not  loosen. 
If  they  do,  take  a  round  pole  about  two  inches  in 
diameter,  cut  off  one  end  square  and  round  the 
other  end  to  hold  in  the  hand;  then  straighten 
up  the  tree  and  firmly  pack  soli  around  the  tree 
with  the  pounder,  taking  care  not  to  injure  the 
roots.  Fill  around  the  tree  and  pound  again, 
and  level  off  around  it.  No  tree  will  stand  if 
there  is  loose  dirt  under  it.  If  it  does  not  stand 
firmly  it  will  not  last  long.  Pack  the  dirt  when 
partly  dry  ;  It  will  work  better.  Staking  will  do 
for  small  trees  but  not  for  large  ones. 

The  superiority  of  kainit  over  ashes  for  peach- 
growing  we  believe  is  due  to  the  salts  of  magne- 
Biaand  the  common  salt  it  contains,  as  well  as 
the  potash.  Being  extremely  soluble,  and  not  as 
caustic  as  ashes.  It  enters  at  once  into  the  sap 
circulation,  and  does  not  burn  the  roots  as  ashes 
•would  if  freely  used.  We  are  now  successfully 
growing  a  peach  orchard  of  two-year-olds  where 
It  was  deemed  impossible  to  grow  them  on  ac- 
count of  the  yellows,  which  the  soil  was  sure  to 
produce.  Even  seedling  trees  would  turn  yellow 
and  die  in  a  few  years.  We  now  have  a  fine  or- 
chard of  healthy  trees. 


The  staking  of  blackberries  and  raspberries 
will  not  be  required  where  the  canes  are  topped 
at  three  feet  for  the  ordinary  varieties.  The 
more  vigorous  ones  must  be  topped  higher.  This 
causes  thum  to  brunch  and  form  a  bushy  head 
and  a  firm,  strong  growth  of  the  cane,  which 
will  stand  up  under  a  large  load  of  berries. 
Should  any  of  the  branches  grow  too  fast,  top 
them  also,  which  will  cause  them  to  develop 
fruit  buds  and  they  will  produce  enormously  the 
next  season.  It  takes  a  great  deal  of  work  to 
keep  a  field  of  blackberries  topped,  but  the  extra 
quantity  and  quality  of  the  fruit  amply  pays  for 
the  labor. 

Trees  girdled  by  mice  maybe  restored  if  the 
part  injured  is  kept  covered  with  a  foot  or  two  ol 
moist  earth.  Last  year  we  had  some  large  apple 
trees  girdled  by  mice,— all  the  bark  removed  for 
six  inches  or  more  all  around  them.  We  banked 
up  the  wet  soil  two  feet  high  around  the  trees, 
and  they  are  now  nicely  covered  with  new  bark. 
The  sap  from  the  body  of  the  tree  will  exude, 
and  if  kept  moist  by  the  dirt,  will  soon  form  a 
soft  growth  of  new  wood  where  the  injury  is, 
and  it  will  in  due  time  be  covered  with  bark. 
Last  year  we  saved  fifty  trees  by  the  plan  we  ad- 
vise. We  banked  our  trees  in  June  and  trod  the 
dirt  solidly  around  them. 

Do  not  use  Paris  green  on  gooseberry  or  currant 
bushes.  It  is  a  mineral  poison,  and  will  not 
lose  its  poisonous  qualities  by  sun  and  rain.  Hel- 
lebore is  a  vegetable  poison,  and  dews  will  de- 
stroy Its  harmful  qualities,  whic*h  makes  its  use 
perfectly  safe.  Turn  no  stock  into  an  orchard 
where  Paris  green  has  been  freely  used  until 
after  a  rain.  The  grass  under  the  trees  is  poi- 
soned and  is  dangerous.  The  best  antidote  for 
l*aris  green  poison  is  the  hydraten  sesqul-oxide 


If  your  peach  tree  looks  yellow  do  not  pull  it 
up.  but  give  a  liberal  supply  of  kainit  to  it,  say 
five  pounds  for  a  small  tree  to  fifteen  pounds  for 
a  large  one.  Spread  evenly  as  far  as  the  branches 
extend,  and  allow  it  to  wiish  into  the  soil  by 
rains.  We  use  from  eight  to  ten  tons  annually 
on  peaches,  and  find  its  use,  with  bone-dust,  a 
preventive  of  yellows.  We  had  trees  set  one  year 
make  a  large  head  by  the  use  of  kainit  and  bone- 
dust.  Some  of  the  trees,  as  dry  as  it  was  last  year^ 
made  a  growth  of  ^rc  and  one-half  feet,  and  made 
some  growths  of  new  wood  one  inch  in  diameter. 
Some  of  the  trees  made  heads  from  a  single  stem 
over  sir  feet  across,  and  as  sturdy  as  an  oak.  The 
Farm  A>'D  Gardes  has  been  the  first  to  recom- 
mend kainit  for  peach  culture,  and  we  would 
not  raise  a  single  peach  tree  without  it.  We  also 
tried  ashes  last  year,  but  the  new  growth  was  so 
small  and  the  indications  of  yellows  so  plain,  we 
dug  the  trees  up  and  planted  again.  We  used,  of 
ashes,  from  a  iialf  peck  to  a  peck  to  a  tree,  but  we 
will  say  we  prefer  kainit  and  bone.  We  have 
twenty-four  acres  planted  in  peaches,  and  are 
not  only  experimenters,  but  practical  growers. 


{Exact  shape  and  size,) 

of  iron,  given  immediately.  This  antidote 
should  be  in  every  farmer's  kitchen,  ready  for 
instant  use  in  case  of  poison.  Vour  druggist 
keeps  it.    It  is  very  cheap. 

The  currant  and  gooseberry  worms  that  con- 
sume the  leaves  of  the  currant  and  gooseberry, 
leaving  the  bushes  bare  of  foliage,  will  weaken 
them  so  much  that  the  berries  will  not  ripen,— 
even  the  bushes  are  sometimes  killed  by  them. 
They  may  be  poisoned  by  the  use  of  hellebore 
dissolved  in  water,  and  the  bushes  sprayed  with 
It.  Take  a  tablespoon  ful  of  the  hellebore  and 
add  a  quart  of  hot  water,  and  allowing  it  to  stand 
a  few  hours,  add  to  it  a  pailful  of  water,  and 
spray  the  bushes  well  with  it.  An  old  broom 
will  answer  very  well  for  spraying.  The  worms 
are  soon  killed,  and  the  poison  will  not  last  long. 
In  a  few  days  the  berries  are  safe  to  eat. 


The  cold,  dry  winter  we  have  passed  through 
has  ruined  many  orchards  in  Indiana,  Illinois, 
and  the  North-west.  The  dry  winds  of  winter 
are  as  ruinous  to  the  trees  as  the  colds.  Many 
orchards  that  are  not  yet  dead,  are  so  severely 
injured  that  they  will  linger  along  and  prove 
worthless  at  last.  We  believe  hardy  varieties 
must  be  root-grafted  for  cold,  dry  sections,  and 
then  the  varieties  wanted  should  be  top-grafted 
on  them.  There  is  a  great  difference  in  the  hardi- 
ness of  stalks  for  the  purpose  we  name.  We 
hope  in  the  proper  season,  to  have  more  to  say 
about  the  subject.  We  should  be  glad  to  hear 
from  those  who  have  tried  the  plan  we  advise  of 
top-grafting  hardy  stocks. 


Editor  Faru  and  Garden  : 

Smithfield,  Fulton  Co.,  Ill,,  April  16,  '85. 
In  your    issue    of  April  in  an  article  on  Cleft 
Grafting,  you  say  that  you  must  always  have  the 
"wood  of  the  stock  and  that  of  the  graft  and  scion 
creH."    This  would   be  impossible,  and  a  mere 
accident  if  it  so  happened.    We  only  cleft-graft 
where  the  stock  is  too  large  to  either  whip-graft, 
or  the  bark  too  thick  to  bud  successfully.    Hence 
owing  to  the  great  dift'erence  in  the  thickness  of 
the  bark  of  the%tock  and  scion,  and  the  impos- 
sibility of  seeing    the  line    between    bark    and 
wood  when  placing  the  graft  in  tlie  cleft,  it  would 
be  a  mere  accident   if  it  would  correspond  ex- 
actly.   I  have  made  cleft  grafting  a  specialty 
for  many  yeans,  as  in  this  country  all  ths 
oldestorchards  were  seedlings.  My  father 
had    a    nursery    here  in  1830,  and  his 
trees  were  sought  after  and  planted 
in  many  adjoining  counties  by  the 
early    settlers,   most    of  whom 
brought  apple  seeds  with  them 
when  they  came  from  the  east. 
They  planted  them,  and  when 
large  enough  some  one  of  the 
hardy  pioneers  wanted    them^ 
and   hence  all  were  seedlings, 
and  some  of  most  excellent 
quality    that   are    still    largely 
grown,  as  you  will  see  by  refer- 
ng  to  "  Downlng's  Fruits." 
In  the  year  lS4."j,  Mr.  E.  W.  Pike, 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  came  through 
this   country   with   specimens   of 
fruits,  and  took  orders  from  nearly 
every  owner  of  a  seedling  orchard, 
for  grafting.      My  father  paid  him 
about    Sri3  for   grafting  ills  seedling 
orchard.    I  set  in  with  Mr.  Pike  to  learn 
to  graft.    There  were  four  of  us  to  do  the 
sawing  off   of    the  limbs,  setting   grafts, 
^^      and    waxing,     Mr.  Pike    whittling   all    the 
•^fifgrafXR  himself. 

I  shall  never  forget  his  orders.  They  were, 
"Boys,  put  your  grafts  with  the  bud  out,  and 
nearly  down  to  the  top  of  the  slope,  and  be  ^ure 
and  lean  the  top  of  the  graft  out  a  little.'"  This 
leaning  "  out  a  little"  was  done  in  order  to  be 
sure  that  a  junction  would  be  formed,  and  the 
veritable  bud  on  the  wedge  of  the  graft  always 
oittside.  In  waxing,  this  bud  was  always  covered 
with  it,  and  it  sometimes  happened  that  this 
bud  would  be  the  only  one  on  the  graft  to  grow. 
Thus  you  see  that  this  leaving  a  bud  on  the  out^ 
side  of  the  wedge  part  of  the  graft  was  of  ancient 
origin. 

I  have  for  thirty-five  years  grown  nursery- 
stock,  root  grafting,  budding,  and  cleft  grafting, 
and  have  never  seen  any  difference  In  the  life, 
health,  or  bearing  of  the  various  methods,  pro- 
vided the  stock  was  of  itself  a  healthy  seedling, 
grown  from  seed  of  a  natural  seedling. 

Right  here  I  would  iriMxt  upon  nurserymen 
sowing  only  the  seed  of  natural  seedling  apples 
for  stocks  to  graft  or  bud.  I  know  that  they  are 
much  hardier,  and  in  every  way  make  better 
trees  than  if  grown  from  seeds  promiscuously 
saved  from  all  kinds  of  grafted  fruit.  The  wood 
of  the  seedling  apple  is  finer  grained,  more  com- 
pact, firmer,  smaller  pored,  and  much  less  liable 
to  be  injured  by  freezing  and  thawing,  than  is 
most  of  the  grafted-wood  seedlings. 

John  H.  Baughman. 


The  farmer  who  last  season  neglected  to  plant 
a  bed  of  strawberries,  and  who  now  sees  his 
neighbor's  wife  and  children  bring  the  luscious 
fruit  from  their  patch  to  the  house  by  the  pan, 
pailful,  or  by  the  bushel,  probably  wishes  he  had 
taken  the  advice  which  we  give  every  season^ 
viz.,  plant  a  suflaciency  of  small  firuits. 


THE   FARM   ANU    GARDEN, 


We  give  place  to  a  letter  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Baugh- 
xnan,  on  grafting.  When  such  articles  come 
from  practical  men  like  Mr.  Baughman,  we  are 
glad  to  insert  them,  even  if  they  differ  from  our 
views.  The  Farm  and  Garden  is  a  practical 
paper.  We  believe  in  facts  and  not  theories,  and 
believe  in  letting  each  one  have  his  say.  We 
claim  the  publication  of  the  new  feature  in  grafting, 
to  which  he  refers,  to  be  original  with  us,  and 
until  we  received  his  letter,  in  all  our  reading  we 
never  saw  it  recommended.  The  idea  of  placing 
the  graft  with  the  "  top  to  lean  out  a  little  "  we 
find  in  practice,  to  make  the  graft,  in  top  graft- 
ing, liable  to  blow  off  in  heavy  winds.  We  think 
the  bud  plan  we  advise  meets  all  the  require- 
ments he  recommends,  and  makes  a  firmer 
union.  We  place  our  grafts,  not  from  the  side, 
AS  usually  done,  but  from  the  tup,  looking  down- 
wards, and  can  always  see  if  the  wood  is  even, 
"Which  will  be  the  ease  if  it  is  even  at  top  of  the 
stock  and  the  graft  set  in  line  with  the  stock. 
We  want  all  the  facts,  so  do  our  large  class  of  in- 
telligent readers. 


Look  well  to  the  Round-headed  Apple  Borers. 
They  make  their  appearance  as  perfect  beetles 
this  month,  after  a  three-years'  existence  in  the 
larval  state  in  the  tree.  We  obtained  some  apple 
trees  of  a  local  nurseryman  and  found  a  few 
borers  in  them.  We  thought  we  had  caught  all 
"When  set,  but  we  find  a  few  this  spring  almost 
ready  to  leave  the  tree.  They  are  all  destroyed 
at  once,  but  it  is  expensive,  and  takes  time  to 
find  them.  Better  spend  ten  dollars  now  than 
have  the  orchard  infested  with  borers,  from 
which  we  hope  to  be  always  exempt.  We  advise 
for  the  borer  a  wash  of  one  pound  of  caustic  soda 
to  a  gallon  of  water.  Use  a  brush  or  a  rag 
fastened  to  a  stick,  and  thoroughly  wash  the 
body  of  the  trees  with  the  solution,  especially 
near  the  roots,  at  least  two  or  three  times  during 
the  summer.  The  eggs  are  deposited  in  June 
and  July,  and  the  soda  wash  kills  the  j'oung 
worms  before  they  enter  the  tree.  We  gave  a 
good  receipt  last  year  for  the  borer,  as  our  old 
readers  will  remember. 


D.  E.  Hoxie,  in  the  Fa)in  and  Home,  writes 
that  he  sowed  a  bushel  and  a  half  of  salt  on  five 
plum  trees,  ten  years  old,  the  crop  of  plums 
were  always  destroyed  by  the  curculio.  The  salt 
killed  all  the  grass  under  the  trees,  and  he  sup- 
posed the  trees  were  killed  also.  The  next  spring 
they  bloomed  profusely,  and  bore  a  full  crop  of 
plums  free  from  curculio,  the  first  crop  for  years. 
He  thinks  the  salt  killed  the  worms  in  the 
ground  when  they  were  changing  from  worms 
to  the  perfect  insect.  We  hope  some  of  our 
readers  will  try  salt,  which  should  be  done  now, 
before  the  worms  leave  the  fallen  plums  to  enter 
the  ground.  This  they  always  do  to  undergo 
their  change  from,  worms  to  the  beetle  state.  If 
salt  is  just  applied  of  course  it  will  not  keep  the 
curculios  away  this  year,  and  make  a  crop  of 
plums,  but  will  kill  the  crop  of  the  curculios 
that  will  kill  the  plums  next  year.  Randolph 
Peters  also  claims  that  the  use  of  a  peck  of  salt, 
and  from  a  half  bushel  to  a  bushel  of  ashes  will 
make  full  crops  of  plums.  We  hope  our  readers 
will  try  this  plan,  and  let  us  know  if  successful 
or  not.  We  want  practical  experiments.  Spread 
the  salt  evenly  over  the  entire  ground. 


Kditor  Farm  and  Garden  : 

I  notice  your  article  on  "Cleft-Rafting"  in  the 
number  for  April,  The  best  way  of  scarfing  and 
inserting  the  graft  or  scion  is  the  one  you  have 
there  described.  I  used  to  scarf  and  set  them 
precisely  as  you  have  described  forty  years  ago. 
I  thought  them  surer  to  live  and  grow,  and  in 
addition  to  the  advantages  you  mention,  they 
seemed  to  secure  a  firmer  and  much  earlier  hold 
on  the  stump  than  in  the  older  way  of  setting. 
Our  old-fashioned  .September  gales  were  often 
hard  upon  the  first  season's  growth;  so  likewise 
the  loads  of  snow  and  ice  of  the  first  winter. 

Some  always  split  the  stump  in  a  vertical  di- 
rection, so  that  if  the  cement  cracks  and  lets  in 
water  on  the  top  of  the  cleft,  it  may  find  its  way 
out  on  the  under  side,  consequently  the  under 
scion  or  branch  was  much  the  oftener  broken 
down,  sometimes  after  it  began  to  bear.  If  both 
scions  are  to  be  allowed  to  grow,  I  think  the  hori- 
zontal cleft  the  better  way.  This  applies  only  to 
trees  of  many  stumps  projecting  various  angles 
with  the  horizontal. 

I  observe  that  many  people  prune  their  apple 
trees  in  February  and  March,  just  when  there  is 
the  most  freezing  and  thawing  going  on,  and 
when  they  will  bleed,  if  ever.  If  only  small, 
thrifty  branches  were  cut  it  would  not  be  of  seri- 
ous moment.  I  never  cut  a  partly-dead  branch 
of  any  size  unless  the  tree  is  growing.  I  think  it 
best  in  full  foliage.  The  wood  then  generally  be- 
comes hard,  and  the  healing  process  begins  at 
once.  If  one  desires  his  trees  to  have  nesting- 
holes  for  birds,  the  March  operation  is,  by  far, 
the  best. 
Tj/ngsborough,  Mass.  A.  M.  Swain. 


J.  B.  Rogers,  in  a  paper  read  before  the  New 
Jersey  Horticultural  Society,  divides  straw- 
berries into  three  classes,  in  respect  to  the  need 
of  special  fertilizer  tor  each  class.  Mr.  Rogers 
experimented  four  years,  and  finds  that  the 
*'  Primo,  Triomphe  de  Grand,  Bidwell,  and  Sharp- 
Jess  constitute  a  class  that  make  the  greatest 
-development  in  fruit  and  flower  with  barn-yard 
manure  and  commercial  manures  poor  in  potash, 
■Class  second,  those  that  grow  to  greater  perfec- 
tion by  the  addition  ol  potash  to  the  manures 
already  named  ;  of  this  class  are  the  Miner  and 
Seth  Boyden  No,  30.  Cla.ss  third  includes  the 
■Cumberland  and  Charles  Downing,  which  seems 
to  grow  under  any  special  manure  equally  as 
well,  and  appear  indifferent  to  any  special  ferti- 
lizer." Do  we  not  find  here  the  reason  that  varie- 
ties of  berries  are  variable  in  different  soils, 
because  of  the  absence  or  presence  of  the  special 
fertilizer  the  variety  demands?  We  shall  have 
more  to  say  about  this  fertilizer  question,  and 
the  capacity  of  feeding  of  the  strawberry. 


Last  year  we  tried  Paris  green  on  pears  for  the 
curculio  and  pear-tree  slugs,  using  a  teaspoonful 
of  Paris  green  to  a  Yankee  pailful  of  water,  and 
sprayed  every  other  tree  with  a  hand  force-pump 
when  the  pears  were  as  large  as  buckshot.  The 
alternate  trees  were  full  of  slugs  and  the  pears 
were  knotty  and  wormy,  while  those  that  were 
Paris  greened,  except  where  too  freely  used,  the 
foliage  was  perfect  and  the  pears  free  from 
worms,  very  smooth  and  fine.  The  difference 
was  very  apparent. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

By  Matinla  B.   ''h<t<t>(ork-,    Vt-rmont  HI. 

**  Fifteen,  sixteen,  seventeen,  eighteen;  it  will 
take  six  more  boxes  to  fill  this  crate.  Hurry  up 
Tots,  and  bring  them  !" 

It  is  in  the  height  of  strawberry  season;  the 
fifteen  pickers,  in  among  tlie  vines,  are  picking 
oft  the  luscious  berries,  one  by  one,  and  putting 
them  in  the  clean,  sweet-smelling  boxes,  and 
the  little  girls.  May  and  Gay,  carry  them  to 
Aunt  Nancy,  who,  under  the  shade  of  the  Scotch 
pine,  is  putting  them  in  the  crates  and  fastening 
down  the  lids. 

Eight  O'clock  and  the  picking  is  all  done;  and 
away  we  go  to  the  depot,  to  send  tht  m  off  on  the 
train,  and  at  noon,  people  fifty  miles  away  will 
be  eating  our  freshly-picked  strawberries,  with 
the  dew  still  on  them. 

It  makes  lively  work,  but  we  like  to  make 
things  hum,  and  after  the  berries  are  on  the 
train  we  can  straightenour  backs  and  rest  a  little. 

And  such  flush  times  as  we  have  as  long  as 
the  berries  last.  Strawberries  and  cream,  straw- 
berry short-cake,  strawberry  pie,  and  stewed 
strawberries.  Some  of  us  are  getting  so  "  tony  " 
that  we  have  our  berries  set  on  the  table  in  the 
boxes  and  we  pick  off  the  burs  and  sugar  and 
cream  them  to  suit  our  fancy  without  any  wilt- 
ing or  mashing.  Others  of  us  want  them  "fixed" 
and  set  away  for  the  sugar  to  melt  and  make  lots 
of  juice;  while  still  others  of  us  like  them  best 
stewed.  And  don't  our  appetites  for  strawberries 
last  though  ?  We  get  tired  of  egg  when  eggs  are 
cheap ;  we  get  stalled  on  chickens  when  chickens 
are  plenty ;  and  we  get  tired  over  and  over  again 
of  potatoes  and  beans;  but  we  can  eat  straw- 
berries three  times  a  day  for  four  weeks  with 
never  a  murmur. 


And  I  do  believe  it  makes  us  good-natured  to 
live  on  strawberries.  It  looks  reasonable  that 
eating  so  much  acid,  would  work  off  the  bile  and 
leave  the  liver  in  good  order,  and  healthy  livers 
make  good-tempered  people  the  world  over. 


Water  newly-set  trees  well. 


Salt  in  small  quantities  is  good  for  most  trees, 
especially  quinces  and  plums.  Too  freely  used 
will  kill  the  trees. 


Use  the  pruning  knife  daily  to  keep  young 
trees  of  all  kinds  in  shape.  Easier  to  shape 
them  now  than  later. 


Do  not  cultivate  quinces  too  deeply.  Their 
roots  are  all  near  the  surface.  Deep  plowing 
Injures  them.  The  richer  the  ground  the  larger 
and  more  prolific  the  quince.  Mulching  is 
better  than  cultivation. 


The  fruit  prospect  is  not  very  flattering.  Straw- 
berries are  very  late  and  are  injured  by  the  past 
severe  winter.  Blackberry  and  raspberry  canes 
are  injured  and  weakened  from  the  same  cause. 
Apples  are  not  promising.  There  are  many  trees 
killed  outright,  and  others  are  so  weakened  that 
the  apples  will  drop  before  maturing.  Pears  ap- 
pear to  promise  well,  and  peaches,  except  in 
some  parts  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  promise  a 
fair  crop  of  fruit.  The  indications  are  that  1885 
will  not  be  a  fruit  year. 


We  saw  recommended  in  an  English  paper 
that  alum  dissolved  in  water  and  sprayed  on 
gooseberry  bushes  would  kill  or  drive  away  the 
currant  worm.  We  tried  jt  thoroughly  last  year, 
and  found  it  of  no  use  whatever.  The  goose- 
berries stood  near  where  we  sprayed  a  pear  tree 
for  the  curculio,  and  some  of  the  Paris-green 
water  fell  on  the  bushes  and  the  worms  were  at 
once  all  poisoned,  and  the  bushes  grew  finely, 
while  where  the  alum  water  was  used  the  worms 
grew  finely  and  ate  all  the  leaves.  Do  not  use  it 
for  gooseberries.   

The  reader  will  see  that  we  recommend  one 
pound  of  Paris  green  to  one  hundred  gallons  of 
water  (about  800  pounds);  not  as  most  of  our 
contempories  do,  give  one  part  of  Pai-is  green  to 
seven  or  eight  hundred  parts  its  bulk  of  water. 
Since  Paris  green  is  very  heavy  by  bulk,  you 
would  have,  perhaps,  one  part  of  Paris  green  to 
less  than  twelve  gallons  of  water.  Were  it  possi- 
ble to  so  mix  it  the  trees  would  be  all  killed  by  it. 
We  are  always  sure  of  our  advice  being  right 
before  we  offer  it  to  our  readers.  The  reader 
always  can  depend  upon  our  information  as 
practical,  not  theoretical. 


A  writer  in  the  Farm,  Field  and  Stockman  re- 
commends driving  tlie  tree  full  of  nails  to  pro- 
duce fruitfulness.  Should  our  readers  try  it,  be 
sure  and  do  so  on  some  neighbor's  tree.  It  would 
also  be  well  to  borrow  the  nails  for  such  a  simple 
experiment,.  Those  who  are  so  superstitious  as 
to  believe  such  nonsense  have  had  misfortune 
enough  already,  and  should  lay  a  part  of  the 
burden  on  some  more  fortunate  neighbor  and 
his  apple  trees.  We  say,  do  not  be  foolish.  For 
the  tree  that  does  not  produce  we  advise  steel, 
not  iron,  and  in  the  form  of  a  sharp  axe  is  best. 
Then  at  the  proper  season  plant  a  fruitful  variety. 


Strawberry      Raspberry,     Blackberry. 
Currants,  Grapes. 

InHuiliniZtli.-  n|.i  [.  .(..■,1  ;uiilii.-w  varieties. 
May  Klne.  Miirlboro.  KurW  I'Iua- 
t-er,  Fny.  XliiEuro,  t'omet,  KlefTer. 
Peach   Tref«.  Ac.    >fnd    for  Ciita- 

^7."!  JOHN  S.COLLINS, 

MOORESTOWN,  N.  J.  ' 


SOS- 5, 


STRAWBERRIES ! 

May  Kiiit;  U>r   thp  best   early,  Cniinet'ticiit   ({iieen 
for    latP.      i^larlboi'O  ami    Kaiioorji"*   K  !ispb<>rrie!!i. 
Wilson  Jr.  BlackbeiTy.      CATALOtiUK  sent  tree. 
SAMlIEIi  C\  DE  cor,  Moerestown,  N.  J. 


EIVJ  AGAR  A  WHITE  GRAPE.  MARLBORO  Raapberry. 
H.  S.  Anderson.  Union  Springs.  N.Y!^  Catalogaeyrga 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice  Tref^s.  Vines  and  Plants.  All  the  newvarietiea. 
Manchester  Strawberries.  Hansell  Raspberries.  Kieffer 
Pear  Ttees.  Peach  Trees  a  specialty.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  for  circular  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red  Bank    N.  J. 


RED,  ULSTER  PROL.lt^'ir.  and  Duchess  Grapci. 

Send    to    the    originators    for    description   and    tPrms. 

A.  J,  CAYWOOD  &  SONS,  Marlboro,  New  York. 


Also  -'How  to  Use  a  Razor. 


WHERE  DID  WE  GET  THE  IDEA? 

you !  we  pick  up  ideas  from  every  source. 
The  "boys"  tell  us 
what  they  want.  This 
knife  has  3  blades,  as 
shown;  they  are 
keen,  strong,  sensi- 
ble. Price,  by  mail, 
?1 ;  3  for  82.50.  6  for 
?^.fiO.  Heavy  li-blade 
knife,  50  cts.:  Ladies' 
50  cts.;  boys'  25  cts. 
Pruning  knife,  .50  cts. 
to  81.  48-page  list  free. 
MAHER  ^  GROSH,  76  Smnmit  Street,  Toledo.  Ohio. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


Our^  FiiOWBi^  Garden. 


BALSAMS. 

The  best  way  to  get  these  really  good,  is  to  sow 
the  seeds  in  small  pots,  which  should  be  kept  in 
a  temperature  of  70°,  or  so.    As  soon  as  the  plants 
are  up,  they  should  be  placed  on  a  shelf  near  the 
glass,  to  keep  them    from    drawing;  the  great 
thing  being  to  get  them  dwarf  and  stocky.    To 
bring  them  to  that  condition,  the  plants,  at  each 
potting,  should  be  dropped  down  a  little  lower  in 
the  soil,  and  then  they  will  root  out  around  the 
buried  stems,  which  will  add  to  their  strength. 
A  good  compost  for  them,  is  two  parts  fibrous 
loam,  one  of  leaf  soil,  and  the  other  of  rotten 
manure,  in  which  they  should 
be    potted    somewhat   loosely 
and,  as  soon  as  they  get  well 
hold  of  it,  have  a  liberal  sup- 
ply of  manure  water.    If  want- 
ed large,  they  must  have  their 
first  flower-ljuds  picked  off,  and 
be  shifted  before  they  get  at 
all  pot^bound,  until  they  are  in 
the  pots  in  which  they  are  ex- 
pected to  bloom.     T  h  o  place 
that  suits  Balsams   best  to 
grow   in,  is   a   light   bouse  or 
pit,  where  they  can  be  plunged 
and  have  bottom  heat;  but  of 
course,  every  one  cannot  give 
tbem  these  accommodations. 
Impatiens    Sultani,  a    new 
kind  of  balsam,   now  for  sale 
by  almost    every  florist  In  the 
United  States,   comes  readily 
from  seed,  but  quicker  results 
can    be    obtained   by  growing 
trom  cuttings.      It  flowers  in 
the  greatest  profusion,  especi- 
ally if  the  plants  are  grown  in 
a  light-house,  with  their  heads 
well  up  to  the  glass,  which  ex- 
posure consolidates  sappy 
shoots,  and    enables    them    to 
set  plenty  of  blossoms.    These 
are    very    bright  red,  and  are 
sent  up  well  above  the  foliage, 
which  is  of  a  pleasing  green, 
and  very  pretty-look  ing.    The 
seed  should  be  sown  in  fine, 
light  soil,  and  placed  In  beat, 
where  it  will  germinate  freely. 
This  is  a  plant  on  which  flor- 
ists   can  make    some    money. 
It  has  a  ready  sale,  and  Is  of 
quick  growth. 

Pansies. 
Some  florists  declare  that  no 
Pansy  should  be  tolerated 
whose  form  is  not  a  perfect 
circle,  and  whose  colors  have 
not  their  margins  as  carefully 
defined  as  if  they  were  drawn 
with  compasses.  Still,  hosts 
of  lovers  of  the  Pansy  will 
continue  to  grow  and  admire 
them  in  all  their  diversities  of 
form  and  colors.  Pansies  have 
been  known  from  time  im- 
memorial, and  at  periods,  peo- 
ple were  actually  recommend- 
ed to  keep  them  In  check  for 
fear  of  their  becoming  a  nui- 
sance. It  is  one  of  the  few 
flowers  that  always  remains 
In  fashion.  In  1840  it  became  one  of  the  leading 
competition  flowers  in  England,  and  the  result 
was  that  its  lines  became  more  stiflT  and  rigid. 
Since  then  florists  have  divided  the  show  Pansy 
Into  different  classes,  such  as  white  and  yellow 
grounds,  and  dark  and  white  or  yellow  selfs. 
English  societie.s,  by  keeping  the  merits  of  the 
Pansy  before  the  public,  have  helped  to  spread 
and  encourage  a  taste  for  this  truly  useful  flower. 
Varieties  discarded  by  florists  on  account  of 
their  vagaries  in  form  and  color,  have  now  be- 
come the  most  popular  of  their  race.  The  show 
Pansy  was  introduced  from  Belgium.  These 
differed  from  the  older  varieties  by  having  large, 
dark-colored  blotches  on  the  petals,  flamed,  or 
edged  with  colors  quite  new  to  Pansy  growers  up 
to  that  date.  They  attrsicted  the  attention  of 
amateurs,  and  startled  old-fashioned  florists, 
who  saw  no  beauty  in  such  oddities.  Professional 
grewers  saw  that  it  w;is  to  their  interest  to  cater 
to  the  public  demand,  and  improvements  have 
been  going  on  at  such  a  rate  that  one  is  afraid  to 
say  that  perfection  has  been  attained. 

Culture.  While  most  Pansies  will  be  at  home 
and  flower  well  in  almost  any  garden  soil,  it  is 
well,  if  fine  specimens  are  required,  to  bestow 
some  special  attention  in  the  making  up  of  a 
proper  compost  in  which  to  plant  them.  The 
improvement  in  th*'  size  and  number  of  flowers 
will  amply  make  up  for  this  little  extra  trouble. 
A  good  fine  loam,  as  full  of  fibre  as  i)o.sslblc,  and 


enriched  with  one-third  of  well  decomposed  cow 
manure,  and  nearly  one-sixth  of  sand,  will  be 
found  best.  A  position  naturally  sheltered  from 
winds  is  to  be  preferred,  and  if  convenient,  not 
too  much  e.xpo.sed  to  the  midday  sun.  Early 
flowering  strong  plant*  may  be  put  out  in  Sep- 
tember, providing  some  protection  be  used.  A 
single  daily  watering  will  be  found  quite  suffi- 
cient, providing  it  be  a  thorough  one.  Cuttings 
strike  well  in  a  shady  border,  under  a  north  wall. 
Seed  may  be  sown  in  June  in  the  open  air  for 
transplanting  in  autumn. 

IXIAS  AND  .SPARAXIS. 

A  boxful  of  these  beautiful  spring  flowers  were 
received  from  our  friends  Hallock  &  Thorpe. 
The  large  size,  and  perfection  of  the  flowers, 
prove  what  jjood  cultivation  can  do.    W'e  seldom 


J:i.y.s/£S. 


meet  with  Ixlas  and  Sparaxis  in  gardens  or  con- 
servatories; even  the  trade  does  not  appre- 
ciate them.  This  evidently  comes  from  the  want 
of  enterprise.  Were  they  given  a  new  name,  and 
pushed  as  a  novelty,  everyone  would  want  them, 
and  pay  high  prices  for  them.  The  large  variety 
of  colors,  and  sweet  perfume,  and  the  "  long 
stems,"   ought    to  make  them  florists'  flowers. 


Won't  you  plant  some  next  fall?  Make  a  memo- 
randum of  this  now.  For  those  unacquainted 
with  them  we  would  say  that  every  color  of  the 
rainbow  may  be  found  among  them.  Some  of 
the  Ixias  being  even  a  beautiful  green. 
In  The  Flower  Garden. 
Trailng  plants  will  now  need  frequent  regulat- 
ing and  pegging  down  evenly  over  the  surface, 
until  the  bed  is  covered,  after  which  they  looli 
best  undisturbed.  Baskets  and  vases  in  which 
climbing  and  drooping  plants  predominate,  need 
great  care  in  starting  them  properly.  Such  plants 
as  the  trailing  Ivy-leaf  section  of  Pelargoniums, 
in  addition  to  being  pegged  down,  should  have  a 
wire  run  around,  just  below  the  edge,  to  which. 
all  drooping  shoots  should  be  securely  tied,  or 
the  continual  chafing  by  wind  will,  as  a  rule, 
soon  either  cut  them  off,  or 
injure  them.  The  above  is  for 
those  who  have  plenty  of  time 
to  spare  on  flowers. 

Staking  Plants. 
Late  rows  of  sweet  peas  must 
be  staked,  and  any  Dahlias, 
Hollyhocks,  or  Delphinums 
that  are  not  securely  tied,  must 
be  attended  to  without  delay. 
Above  all,  any  plant  that  needs 
support  should  have  all  stak- 
ing and  tying  or  training  done 
as  early  as  possible,  so  as  to 
out-grow  all  signs  of  artificial 
support,  long  before  the  bloom- 
ing season  has  arrived.  The 
practice  of  tying  Dahlias  to  one 
or  two  single  sticks  with  aU 
the  shoots  drawn  together  in 
the  shape  of  a  broom,  should 
never  be  followed;  it  gives 
them  a  most  unnatural  appear- 
ance and  seriously  injures 
them  through  the  non-admis- 
sion of  light  and  air  to  the 
fol'ige.  Use  as  many  sticks 
;vs  necessary  to  tie  the  shoots 
out,  and  paint  the  sticks  green, 
so  that  they  will  not  be  ob- 
served at  the  first  glance. 
These  plants  being  gross  feed- 
ers, two  inches  of  well-rotted 
manure  should  be  applied. 
Gladioli. 
If  hot,  dry  weather  should 
set  in  immediately,  mulch  the 
beds  with  old  manure,  and  ap- 
ply water  plentifully  when 
necessary.  It  is  also  important 
to  slake  these  as  soon  as  the 
spikes  are  of  sufficient  height, 
as  the  broad  leaves  are  much 
acted  upon  by  gusts  of  wind. 
Tulips. 
The  roots  of  these  raay  soon 
be  lifted  and  stored  in  a  dry 
place  until  planting  time.  Each 
variety  should  be  labeled  and 
kept  by  Itself. 

Pinks. 
Now  Is  the  best  time  to  put 
in  cuttings  of  these.  The  small- 
est gn^wths  strike  root  most 
freely ;  and  if  the  weather  is 
dull  and  showery  at  the  time 
when  they  are  taken  off,  they 
may  be  put  in  a  shady  posi- 
tion in  the  open  ground.  In 
shallow  boxes  they  will  per- 
haps strike  sooner.  They 
must  be  .shaded  from    the  sun  until  roots  are 

formed. 

Pansies. 

It  is  a  good  plan  to  put  in  some  cuttings  now  to 
form  a  late  autumn  bed.  If  it  is  intended  to  have 
extra  good  flowers  for  show,  pinch  off  all  the  buds 
that  are  nearly  open,  until  about  two  weeks 
before  the  date  at  which  the  planU  are  required^ 


Pleaite  mriUion  THE  FARM  AND  OARDEN. 

WILD  FLOWERS s°;chi^:;i:;ne:: 

Fcrni,  Aloiiic.  Ac.    SF.NI^    ['(IR  CATALOUUE. 
EDWARD  GILLETTE,  SOUTH  WICK  ,  MASS. 


FtCKID 


^^^P    LARGEST  COLLECTION  IN 
A:>IER1('A.  Cheap  as  Good  Roset. 

Enclose  stamp  for  catulotriie,  whii-h  will  elvp  prartiral 
in>!ilriirtions  how  to  orow  Iheie  Queen**  of  Flowers, 

\°Jf,'^ilJb?d"?r5l'' I     A.  Brackenridge, 

M(nti<mthisjiap€r\    Govanstown*  Battitnore  Co..  I>Id, 


14  for  SI. «n 
6  "  ..')0 
.3  "  .i^ 
THOMAS  G.   HAROLD 


Quality  only. 
>,000  Plant*  at 
naUy  low  prices. 

KInottoD.  Someriel  t».,  Manlind. 


ROSESS: 


Foliage  planto 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATALOGUE  .MAILED  ON  APPI.irATION. 
DAVID  FERCUSSON  &.  SONS- 

Ridge  and  Lehigh  Avenues.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


PLANTS  BY  MAIL  OR  EXPRESS 

Send  for  mv  IlluslratPil  ralauj;;iic  wlil.li  roiil^nii^  all  1 
Ijie  iiHW  varieties  of  BEOOING  aud  DECORATIVE  PLANTS. 
also  ROSES,  etc.    Mailed  free  on  applicaliun.   Address 

JNO.    DICK,    JR., 

53d  aud  'Woodland  Ave.,  Philad'a,  Pa. 


HARDY     PLANTS 


AND 


xj: 


All  the  best  varieties.  tosTPtlier  with  ninny  novel!  ics. 

will  he  found  in  our  I>escriptive  CataloBHe,  at  low 

rates     Sent  free  to  all  a|i|>Ucnnts.  ■     »-  . 

WOOLSON  &  CO,,  Lock  Drawer  E,  Passaic.  N.  J. 


THE    FARM    ANb    GARDEi^. 


Pansies  degenerate  rapidly,  and  the  only  way  to 
prevent  this,  is  to  pluck  off  all  flowers  for  a  time, 
and  apply  surface  dressing  to  the  beds. 
Primroses  and  Daisies. 

Roots  of  these,  that  have  been  temporarily  laid 
in,  should  now  be  divided  and  planted  in  nursery 
beds,  keeping  them  moist  and  shady  until  well- 
rooted  again.  The  double  Primroses  are  espe- 
cially deserving  of  increased  cultivation,  and  if 
shaded  borders  are  not  available  for  them,  light 
evergreen  branches  will  serve  as  a  substitute. 
An  occasional  syringing  to  prevent  red  spider, 
will  help  them  wonderfully. 
Fuchsias. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  Fuchsias  must 
never  become  pot-bound,  or  their  bloom  will  be 
considerably  checked.  As  soon  as  the  roots 
touch  the  sides  of  the  pot,  it  is  time  for  shifting 
into  a  larger  size.  Good,  rich  soil,  and  a  rather 
shady  position  are  required.  Some  people  put 
Fuchias  in  the  hot  sun  and  then  wonder  why  all 
the  buds  fall  ofi*. 

Roses. 

All  old  blossoms  should  be  regularly  removed  ; 
also  suckers  and  weeds.  Keep  them  moist  at 
the  roots,  but  do  not  sprinkle  over-head  while 
the  plants  are  in  bloom.  Strong  growing  climb- 
ing roses  will  need  tying  and  training.  The 
sooner  the  shoots  are  thinned  out  after  flowering, 
the  better,  and  the  greater  chance  there  is  for  the 
young  wood  to  get  well  ripened. 

LiLIUM  Harrissi 
That  have  bloomed  in  pots,  may  be  planted  out, 
and  will  no  doubt  make  fresh  growth  and  bloom 
again  even  this  season.  Pot  them  again  in  the 
fall  if  wanted  by  Easter.  There  is  no  lily  to  equal 
this.  One  or  two  of  our  florist  are  handling  these 
in  a  thorough  business-like  manner;  for,  instead 
of  propagating  and  growing  them  themselves  on 
their  own  grounds,  they  grow  them  in  Bermuda, 
where  they  increase  in  size  three  times  as  fast  as 
here. 

PiNE-APPLES. 

When  the  careful  house-keeper  is  putting  up 
her  preserved  pine-apples,  she  should  take  the 
cuts  off  the  top  and  one  or  two  of  the  suckers. 
Bet  them  in  a  pot  tilled  with  moist  sand,  and  in 
the  course  of  a  few  months  she  will  have  several 
fine  plants  that  are  worth  watching,  and  that 
will  bear  fruit  for  her  as  well.  The  stones  of 
dates,  if  planted  in  a  pot,  will  also  grow  and 
make  a  nice  plant — the  Phoenix  Dactylifera.  It 
is  of  much  slower  growth— being  a  palm— but  is 
very  graceful. 
,  Clianthus  Damperi. 

This  beautiful  plant  is  seldom  seen  in  bloom. 
We  doubt  if  there  is  a  single  plant  of  it  in  Phila- 
delphia; and  yet,  it  deserves  the  particular  care 
that  it  requires  to  bring  it  in  flower.  Providing 
time,  a  glass  structure,  and  artificial  heat  may 
be  commanded,  we  see  no  reason  why  it  should 
not  easily  be  cultivated.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  the  seed  should  be  planted  where  it  is  to 
bloom.  If  in  a  pot,  it  should  be  of  sufficient  size 
to  need  no  shifting,  as  this  operation  will  be 
found  fatal  to  your  plant.  This  pot  should  be  set 
inside  of  another  one  of  larger  size,  and  the  inter- 
vening space  filled  with  moss  or  saw-dust,  so 
that  the  soil  may  be  kept  moist  without  too  fre- 
quent watering.  Carefully  shade  from  the  sun. 
This  plant  is  really  magnificent.  We  see  the 
seed  of  it  catalogued  by  almost  every  seedsman, 
but  few  people  are  aware  of  the  special  treatment 
it  requires,  and  we  doubt  if  one  plant  out  of  a 
hundred  ever  comes  to  perfection  on  this  account. 


lu'Kvt:!:'^  sr/'KEB  double  /.1X\IA 

Chrysanthemums. 
Now  do  not  forget  to  obtain  a  nice  lot  of  the 
best  Chrysanthemums,  for  blooming  next  fall. 
If  you  do  not  get  them  now,  you  will  forget  all 
about  them,  and  the  consequence  will  be,  that 
instead  of  getting  your  plants  now  at  ten  to 
twenty-five  cents  each,  you  will  have  to  spend 


two  or  three  dollars  for  them  later.  If  you  have 
looked  over  our  advertising  columns  you  know 
where  to  get  them.  No  need  of  our  telling  you 
here— it  would  seem  too  much  like  a  free  **  Ad." 
Here  is  an  article  that  should  have  appeared 
sooner,  but  which  will  be  found  worth  remem- 
bering. In  the  case  of  imported  lilies,  there  is 
some  danger  in  potting  or  planting  at  once,  as 
the  bulbs  have  necessarily  endured  vicissitudes 
that  lower  their  vitality  and  render  them  liable 
to  decay.  Owing  to  the  dry  appearance  of  the 
bulbs,  this  does  not  show  at  the  time  they  come 
to  hand,  but  it  declares  iteslf  later,  when  they 
come  in  contact  with  the  damp  soil,  and  when, 
of  course,  there  is  no  means  of  observing  and  of 
applying  a  remedy. 

The  safest  plan  is  to  lay  some  damp  moss,  shut- 
ting them  down  and  standing  the  box  on  the 
floor  of  a  cool  house.  This  will  give  Just  suffi- 
cient moisture  to  draw  roots  from  the  bulbs 
without  causing  rot.  The  bulbs  can  be  examined 
from  time  to  time,  and  decaying  portions  re- 
moved. 

House  Plants 
Will  now  be  benefitted  by  being  set  out  in  the 
lawn,  or  any  place  outside  where  they  can  get 
fresh  air.  As  summer  advances  they  will  require 
water  more  frequently.  This  had  better  b'.  done 
in  the  morning,  so  that  tlae  plonts  will  g*.  the 
benefit  of  it  during  the  warmest  part  of  the  day. 

Zinnias 
Are  a  useful  class  of  annuals  which  specially  de- 
serve cultivation  on  account  of  their  hardiness 
and  showy  flowers.  They  vie  indeed  in  beauty 
with  the  best  class  of  Asters ;  while  Asters  often 
fail  to  grow  freely  or  bloom  profusely.  Zinnias 
are  certain  to  succeed  in  every  respect.  We  have 
frequently  seen  them  growing  here  and  there  in 
mixed  borders  with  good  effect,  but  they  are 
much  more  attractive  when  grown  in  large 
masses.  Of  course,  double-flowering  ones  are 
decidedly  the  best.  The  blooms  vary  from  two 
to  four  inches  in  diameter,  in  the  best  strains, 
and  the  petals  are  beautifully  arranged,  while 
the  colors  are  of  every  known  hue.  The  single 
ones  bloom  equally  free,  but  the  flowers  have  a 
ragged  appearance,  and  are  not  so  effective  when 
seen  either  close  at  hand  or  at  a  distance.  Both, 
however,  require  the  same  treatment.  Seed  may 
be  sown  any  time  after  March,  either  in  pots  or 
in  the  open  ground.  The  seed  germinates  freely 
in  light,  sandy  soil  and  anywhere  where  the 
temperature  is  from  sixty  to  sixty-five  degrees. 
At  first  the  young  plants  may  be  quite  close 
together,  but  as  they  form  a  few  leaves  they 
should  be  taken  from  the  seed  quarters  and 
given  more  space.  Their  easy  culture  is  greatly 
in  their  favor,  and  those  who  have  no  houses  or 
frames  may  have  them  in  blooni  from  July  until 
November,  Our  illustration  is  from  a  photo- 
graph kindly  furnished  by  Messrs.  W.  Atlee 
Burpee  &  Co.  The  engraving  of  the  plant  shows 
tiie  general  habit  of  growth. 

Japanese  Rose-Hedge. 
A  new  hedge  is  recommended  as  entirely  new 
and  very  promising.  It  is  of  young  plants  of 
Rosa  Rugosa.  This  rose,  which  is  quick-grow- 
ing, has  very  close,  strong  thorns,  and  if  a  hedge 
Is  carefnlly  made  at  the  bottom,  no  small  animal 
would  get  through  it.  Seedling  plants  may  be 
used,  but  where  the  rose  thrives  it  makes  many 
suckers.  This  Japanese  Rose  thrives  well  even 
when  closely  cut  in. 


ORDER  YOUR 

=BULBSE 

DIRECT  FROM  THE 

GROWERS, 


ANT.  ROOZEN&SON, 


0'\7'JiJJbt"VE:DE!3>a",  [near  HAARLEM,]  HOT iT ■■A.I>r3D, 

/  WHO    GUARANTEE    THE    BEST    AT    LOWEST    POSSIBLE    PRICES    IN    ANY    QUANTITY    TO    SUIT. 

PACKING,  PEEIGUT,  DUTIES,  AND  ALL  EXPENSES  USCLUDED. 

No  garden  or  living-room  should  be  without  at  least  a  few  of  these  lovely  flowers, 

Unsurpassed   in   GORGEOUS   Coloring  and   DELICIOUS   Fragrance. 

APPLY   EARLY   FOR 

ILLUSTRATED   FALL  CATALOGUE, 

And  send  your  order  not  later   than   JULY   15th,   1885,  to  the  SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE 

UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA, 

DE  VEER  &  BOOMKAMP,  (j!T^°^er, 


)  19  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


8 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


UlYE   SmOGl^. 


JEROME    EDDY. 

Oicned  fry  Henry  C.  Jncftt  A  Co..  Wiltink,  If.  Y. 

Ever  since  Jeiome  Eddy  scored  his  record  of 
2.16J-^,  and  showed  his  ability  to  have  wiped  out 
all  stallion  records,  and  especially  since  he  be- 
came the  property  of  Mr.  Jewett,  we  have  been 
■very  anxious  to  extend  the  pedigree  of  his  dam. 
At  la.st  we  have  reached  what  we  sought,  in  a 
very  satisfactory  and  circumstantial  form.  The 
history  seems  to  be  complete,  and  a-s  our  readers 
■will  understand  it  better  we  will  recite  it,  in  brief, 
commencing  with  the  remote  end  of  the  story. 

Mr.  George  Fox,  of  Fox's  Corner's,  a  few  miles 
north  of  Harlem  Bridge,  had  a  daughter  of  im- 
ported Trustee  that  went  lame,  and  he  traded 
his  Trustee  mare,  in  part  payment,  to  Charles 
Broolis  and  Ned.  Luff,  of  Harlem,  for  a  pair  of 
large  coach  horses  which  he  used  in  his  family 
for  a  number  of  years.  About  that  time  Charles 
Brooks  had  charge  of  Long  Island  Biacli;  Hawlt, 
at  the  Red  House,  in  Harlem,  and  he  bred  the 
Trustee  mare  to  Black  Hawk.  The  produce  was 
a  filly,  ;,nd  he  sold  that  Ally,  when  two  years  old, 
to  Wil'st  Underbill,  near  Glencove,  ou  Long 
Island.  In  dtio  time  Mr.  Underbill  bred  this 
filly  to  Smith  Burr's  Napoleon,  and  the  produce 
was  a  brown  Ally,  which,  when  matured,  was 
fast;  and  he  sold  her  to  Nathaniel  Smith,  a  but- 
ter merchant  of  Washington  market,  who  was 
well  known  among  the 
road  riders  up-town  as 
"Butter  Smith."  This 
Napoleon  mare  had  a 
great  deal  of  speed,  but 
she  had  a  will  of  her 
own,  was  hard  to  man- 
aee  on  the  road,  and 
withal  was  a  kicker. 
Smith  got  tired  of  her, 
and  he  traded  her  for 
another  mare  to  Dr. 
Fecit  and  W.  H.  Saun- 
ders, of  Clyde,  N.  Y., 
who  were  in  the  city 
with  a  lot  of  sale  horses. 
Peck  and  Saunders  put 
her  along  with  tiie  mate 
o(  the  mare  they  traded 
for  lier,  and  sold  the 
team  to  Lewis  J.  Sutton, 
of  Orange  County,  N.  Y. 
This  kicking  mare  was 
bred  to  .Mexander's  Ab- 
dallah,  and  the  produce 
waa  Fanny  Mapes,  the 
dam  of  Jerome  Eddy. 
Our  first  impression  waa 
that  the  Black  Hawk 
mare  was  not  by  the 
original  Long  Island 
Black  Hawk,  but  by  his 
son,  known  as  Brooks' 
Black  Hawk,  or  New 
York  Black  Hawk,  as 
he  was  called.  As  the 
sale  to  Mr.  Sutton,  how- 
ever, was  made  in  1S.52, 
the  dates  settle  the 
question  that  she  was  by  the  old  horse, 
MonChly. 


ble  at  all  times,  increasing  the  flow  of  milk,  and 
making  an  admirable  cbanL;>'  from  hay.  For 
horses  it  has  no  superior.  Our  larmcr^,  however, 
cannot  resist  the  temptation   of  securing  a  crop 


STOCK   NOTES. 

Use  Plenty  of  Drv  Eakth.  -It  is  cheap  and 
plentiful.    Throw  it  in  the  stalls,  into  the  urine. 


of  grain,  but  they  will  find  it  profitable  to  grow  i  and  even  over  the  backs  af  the  stock,  if  necessary, 


a  portion  of  their  oats  as  mentioned 

Corn  is  a  valuable  green  food  in  winter  if  it  is 
cut  before  it  tassels.  We  say  green  because  it  is 
a  different  thing  from  matured  fodder.  Some 
prefer  to  wait  until  tlie  small  ears  appear,  but  for 
both  horses  and  cattle  it  answers  best  when  cut 
very  young,  cured  and  fed  in  winter. 


as  it  is  not  only  a  good  disinfectant  and  absorbent, 
but  prevents  vermin. 

Abortion  ixCows.— There  is  no  known  remedy 
for  tills  ditficulty,  but  we  mention,  for  what  it 
may  be  worth,  that  several  French  dairymen 
report  that  tliey  liave  succeeded  in  curing  and 
jireventing  the  disease  by  keeping  a  male  goat  in 
the  lierd. 

Estimating  fok  Pork.— The  amount  of  pork 
,„,  ,,      .  ^      ,,   v..         J         ■,     i  to  be  expected  from  the  corn  fed  next  fall  will 

These  crops  are  excellent  for  light  sandy  soils,  1  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ,^^  summer  management  of  the 
and  grow  quickly.    The  seed  should  go  in  this    pjg^.    Plenty  of  green  food  now  will  show  its 
month,  and  before  doing  so  the  ground  should  be    eflects  on   the  capacity  of  the  pig  when  he   is 
worked  up  line.    One  fault  with  many  wlio  grow    penned  up  for  his  corn  diet, 
these  grasses  is  that  they  defer  the  cutting  until  | 


MILLET  AND  HUNGARIAN  GRASS   FOR  STOCK. 


the  seed  heads  are  formed.  This  practice  is 
wrong,  as  tlie  seed  is  not  used  for  stock,  and  it 
deprives  the  soil  of  valuable  material,  which 
should  be  stored  in  the  stalks  and  leaves  instead 
of  the  seed.  It  may  be  sown  very  thickly  when 
a  grass  crop  is  desired,  but  for  growing  a  crop  of  1 


-  Wallace' t 


ENSILAGE   AND  GREEN    FOOD. 


Green  food  is  plentiful  now,  but  the  farmer 
should  begin  to  grow  his  winter  supply.  There 
are  many  good  points  in  favor  of  ensilage,  and 
there  are  also  some  objections.  The  claim  that 
all  ensilage  is  sour  is  not  founded  upon  fact. 
Something  depends  upon  what  the  ensilage  is 
composed  of.  If  corn  is  used  exclusively  there 
Is  no  process  known  that  will  prevent  a  certain 
degree  of  acidity,  but  if  a  resort  be  had  to  clover 
and  grass,  which  may  be  ensilaged  as  well  as 
corn,  the  ensilage  will  be  sweet  all  the  winter. 
Acid  does  not  really  injure  the  ensilage,  it  rather 
promotes  its  digestibility,  but  affects  the  milk 
somewhat.  This  is  due,  however,  to  the  nature 
of  the  food  itself,  as  much  as  anything  else,  as 
any  change  in  winter  from  hay  and  grain  to 
green  food  will  do  the  same  thing.  Etcn  cooked 
potatoes  and  turnips  have  an  effect  on  the 
quality  of  the  milk,  and  at  no  season  of  the  year, 
even  when  the  cows  are  on  pasture,  can  milk  be 
procured  which  is  entirely  free  from  odors  of 
some  kind.  The  use  of  hay  with  ground  food 
always  gives  the  best  quality  of  milk,  and  ensi- 
lage is  not  an  exception  to  other  bulky  food. 

Those  farmers,  however,  who  have  no  silos,  can 
grow  a  large  quantity  of  good  succulent  food  by 
sowing  oats,  and  cutting  the  crop  at  the  time  it 
Is  in  its  "milky"  stage,  care  being  taken  that  it 
does  not  become  ripe.  The  juices  and  nutritious 
matter  are  then  preserved  in  the  straw  :is  well  as 
the  grain,  and  will  be  found  tender  and  accepta- 


Stock  and  TrRNiPS.— Don't  forget  the  turnip 
crop  next  month  when  the  new  seed  will  be  ready. 
The  English  consider  farming  useless  without 
turnips,  and  if  our  farmers  will  raise  more  roots 
they  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  in  winter, 
when  nothing  but  dry  food  can  be. had. 

Pasture. — We  are  often  reminded  that  stock 
seed  six  quarts  per  acre  are  sufticient.  Horses  ]  do  best  on  a  good  pasture  in  the  summer,  re- 
prefer  Hungarian  grass  to  millet.  Hungarian  !  quiring  but  little  grain.  This  is  true,  but  the 
grass  may  be  cut  every  month  or  six  weeks,  but  ,  quality  of  the  pasture  must  be  considered.  Clover 
millet  allords  only  a  single  cutting.  These  crops  ,  and  timothy  grass  is  very  ditlcrent  from  the 
are  the  quickest  and  easiest  produced  of  all  the  ]  natural  wild  grass,  and  although  a  pasture  may 
grasses.  /  |  provide  a  suj^ciency,  unless  the  grass  is  of  good 

quality  the  results  will 
not  always  be  satisfac- 
tory. 

Raising  Colts.— .Al- 
though it  is  remembered 
that  mares  be  bred  in 
spring  or  fall,  it  is  v,-ell 
known  that  no  plan  can 
be  adopted  in  regard  to 
time.  Alares  do  not  con- 
ceive as  easily  as  other 
animals,  and  the  conse- 
quence is  that  colts 
come  in  at  all  times  of 
the  year.  The  only  thing 
to  be  done  is  to  secure 
brood  marcs  that  give 
plenty  of  nourishment, 
and  breed  colts  front 
them  whenever  it  can 
be  done,  without  regard 
to  the  season. 

.IDNE  Pios.-Large  hogs 
cannot  be  secured  from 
the  pigs  that  are  farrow- 
ed this  month  if  they  are 
to  be  slaughtered  at  the 
end  of  the   year,  but 
they  may  remain  with 
the  sow    until  they  are 
eight  weeks  old  with  less 
danger  of  injuring  her, 
as  she  can  be  better  pro- 
vided with  a  variety  of 
food.      Late  pigt,    how- 
ever, grow  very  fast,  and 
gain  in  that  respect  over 
those  that  are  earlier.    .Woid  feeding  tliera  corn ; 
they  should  not  be  fatted  until  six  months  old. 
To  properly  understand  what  is  required  in  a       ^^^  result  of  Improvement.-Wc  have  lately 
good  article  ofbutter,  it  mustbe  considered  that  I  j^^^^j^^  several  herds    of   dairy  cows    among 
butter,  like  other  commodities,  posses.ses  several  |  ^j,ig[j    Holstein    bulls    have    been    introduced, 
points  of  excellence,  all  of  which  must  assist  in  j  .[.j,g  qo-wh  from  the  cross  of  that  breed  with  the 
arriving  at  perfection.    The  first  quality  to  be 
sought  is  the  flavor.   This  cannot  be  imparted  by 
mechanical  means,  but  depends  upon  the  quality 
of  the  food  and  the  cleanliness  and  care  exer- 
cised.   The  slightest  odor,  or  exposure,  will  more 
or  less  affect  the  flavor.    The  dairyman  can  only 
rtnin  the  flavor,  and  cannot  add  anything  that 


BUTTER-MAKING. 


native  breed,  give  on  an  average,  fifty  per  cent, 
more  milk  than  their  dams,  and  as  they  are  only 
half  ttred,  better  results  will  be  obtained  when  the 
stock  becomes  three-quarters  bred.  According 
to  the  above  we  wonder  that  every  dairyman 
docs  not  at  once  seek  to  improve  his  herd. 
The  Record  of  Princess  2d.— That  a  cow 
„,  ,     ,         ,  1,   ..      ,    I  should  give  over  46  pounds  of  butter  In  one  week 

will  improve  it.  The  proper  coloring  of  but  er  is  j  ^^°^'^^  ^^^^^^  J„„^  j,  „„«  of  the  greatest 
an  art.  The  color  should  be  added  to  the  salt,  in  achievements  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Given 
sufllcient  proportion  to  impart  a  straw  tinge.  To  j  j^^  q^arts  her  yield  of  milk  was  about  l.V)  quarts, 
have  it  even  and  uniform,  it  must  be  well  worked  ^^  ;„  the  neighborhood  of  6%  pints  of  milli  for 
into  and  incorporated  with  the  butter.  The  grain  ,  each  pound  of  butter.  Her  feeding  was  heavy 
is  another  (luality,  and,  unlike  flavor,  this  is  im-  '  and  of  the  best  quality,  it  is  true,  but  this  fact 


parted  liy  mechanical  methods.  Just  how  to 
describe  the  best  practice  for  giving  the  proper 
grain  cannot  be  done.  Experience  alone  will 
only  give  a  knowledge  of  how  to  secure  the  grain 
as  to  whether  much  or  too  little  working  will 
affect  the  result.  Something  depends  upon  the 
quality  of  the  salt  used  also.  No  salt  is  absolutely 
pure,  and,  therefore,  great  care  should  be  exci'- 
cised  in  procuring  that  article.  Salt  of  a  special 
manufacture,  for  dairy  purposes,  is  made  by 
those  who  thoroughly  understand  what  is  re- 
quired, and  the  difference  of  a  few  cents  in  its 
cost  snould  not  be  considered.  Only  one  ounce 
to  the  pound  is  required,  and  the  butter  will 
for  more  when  sent  to  market. 


does  not  detract  from  her  performance.  Every 
one  cannot  own  a  Prirce.ss  2d,  but  every  one  can 
feed  for  the  best  results,  and  breed  the  stock  to  a 
hijher  degree  of  usefulness. 

Jersey  Points  of  Excellence. — The  new 
standard  for  Jerseys  does  not  allow  any  points 
for  the  escutcheon,  it  having  been  eliminated. 
The  udder  and  milk  veins  arc  strongly  encour- 
aged, and  every  precaution  taken  to  (levclop 
ii.w/i(t II ••.1.1  in  preference  to  exterior  marks  of 
color.  This  is  a  great  step  forward,  and  will  do 
much  in  favor  of  the  rapid  in^^  r.ivoment  of  the 
Jerseys,  as  the  tendency  duri  ;■.•_'  I  he  past  ten 
""'^  I  years  has  been  for  production  in  preference  to 
sell  i  standaid  stock.  We  commend  the  example  of 
the  Jersey  breeders  to  tlie  breeders  of  other  cattle. 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


©HE  J^OULTI^Y  XJA^D 


THE  SPACE  REQUIRED  FOR  LARGE  NUMBERS. 

By  -P.  H.  Jacobs,  Wayne,  HI. 


During  the  severe  weather  of  the  past  winter 
l)Ut  few  eggs  were  procured  from  the  hens  in  the 
northern  section  of  the  country,  while  hatching 
■and  raising  broilers  for  niarli:et  could  not  be 
accomplished  except  in  a  suitable  building. 
With  a  poultry-house  ten  feet  wide  and  one  hun- 
<ired  feet  long,  and  divided  into  ten  apartments, 
thirteen  incubators  were  put  in  operation,  the 
the  chicks  being  transferred  to  brooders,  one 
brooder  being  allowed  to  each  department. 
While  thus  engaged  the  work  was  mostly  ex- 
perimental, and  has  given  verj'  satisfactory 
results,  so  mu^ h  so  as  to  permit  of  the  claim 
that  raising  broilers  may  be  as  profitably  con- 
ducted in  the  cities  as  in  the  country.  The  loss 
among  the  chicks  in  the  brooders,  if  we  except 
the  few  very  weak  cliieks  that  usually  hatch 
with  all  broods,  did  not  amount  to  four  per  cent., 
which  is  a  trifling  loss,  if  one  will  stop  and  con- 
sider that  when  chicks  are  carried  by  hens,  a  loss 
of  two  out  of  ten  is  twenty  per  cent.  The  reason 
is  very  plain,  also.  The  incubator  chicks  were 
always  in  a  dr}/,  warm  place,  which  is  the  most 
•essential  thing  in  their  care,  and  they  were  fed 
regularly,  and  closely  watched.  A  slight  calcu- 
lation will  enable  any  person  to  notice  that  a 
space  10  X  KK)  feet  is  less  than  the  one-fortieth 
part  of  an  acre.  With  fifty  chicks  to  each  apart- 
ment the  building  accommodated  500  chicks.  In 
the  spring,  after  the  weather  became  mild,  each 
apartment  was  made  to  hold  one  hundred  chicks. 
And,  it  may  be  stated,  each  apartment  (had  the 
windows  been  so  arranged  as  to  allow  of  the 
change)  could  have  been  profitably  divided  into 
sections  5  x  10  feet,  each  of  which  would  have 
^2onveniently  accommodated  fifty  chicks.  The 
building,  therefore,  could  be  made  serviceable  for 
1000  chicks,  and  as  they  are  marketed  as  soon  as 
they  are  of  proper  size,  they  in  turn  give  place 
to  other  broods. 

What  I  desire  to  impress  upon  the  readers 
here  is  that  chicks  can  be  placed  in  small  apart- 
jnents,  there  to  remain  until  they  are  for  sale. 
No  yards  are  required  at  all.  We  have  hundreds 
now  on  hand,  of  all  ages,  and  not  one  of  thera 
has  ever  been  outside  of  the  building,  and  no 
healthier,  finer  lot  of  chicks  can  be  found  any- 
where. The  greatest  care  is  exercised  in  pre- 
venting them  from  becoming  wet,  as  dampness 
is  not  only  fatal  to  young  turkeys  but  also  to 
young  chicks,  although  they  are  not  as  properly 
protected  in  that  respect  by  the  majority  of 
persons  as  they  should  be.  Water  is  given  in 
f  small  drinking  fountain  that  does  not  allow 
them  to  wade  in  it  or  wet  their  feathers.  The 
food  is  given  in  small  troughs,  and  consists  of 
anything  they  will  eat,  only  they  are  not  con- 
fined to  a  single  article,  t)ut  given  a  variety.  If 
they  can  be  raised  successfully  in  a  building, 
■what  is  to  prevent  persons  of  limited  means,  and 
also  ladies,  from  raising  chicks  in  large  num- 
bers in  a  building  in  a  city,  or  on  a  small  sub- 
arban  lot;  nothing  is  wanted  but  good  care  and 
a.ttention.  I  am  still  experimenting,  and  so  far 
have  found  fewerdifficulties  than  I  at  first  expec- 
ted. The  common  fowls  are  used,  as  well  as  some 
pure  breeds.  Plenty  of  feed  and  dry  floors  will 
prevent  many  losses  that  occur  with  those  who 
raise  young  chicks  as  a  business. 


THE   CAPITAL   REQUIRED. 

Among  the  many  inquiries  made  regarding  the 
matter  of  raising  poultry  in  large  numbers,  is 
*'How  much  capital  is  reauired  ? "  If  the  in- 
■quirer  will  but  compare  tiie  poultry  business 
with  any  other,  a  little  reflection  will  enable  him 
to  unravel  for  himself  whatever  mystery  may  be 
attached  to  it.  If  SIOOO  be  invested  in  a  mercan- 
tile pursuit,  the  interest  on  capital  invested,  at 
«ix  per  cent.,  amounts  to  S60,  and  a  dividend  of 
ten  per  cent,  will  give  SIOO,  or  a  total  of  8160  on  an 
investment  of  81000.  It  Is  conceded  that  a  return 
of  8160  on  a  capital  of  $1000,  every  year,  is  an  ex- 
cellent one,  and  why  not  take  the  same  view  of 
the  poultry  business.  We  are  safe  in  asserting 
that  S160  can  easily  be  made  on  81000  invested  In 
poultry,  and  even  more;  but  the  above  is  given 
to  show  that  the  beginner  does  not  fail  simply 
because  he  cannot  secure  several  hundred  dollars 
on  a  small  investment.  The  poultry  business 
will  give  as  large  returns  as  any  other,  in  propor- 
tion to  capital  invested,  provided  proper  care  and 
management  Is  bestowed.  The  difficulty  with 
most  persons  Is  that  they  expect  too  much.  They 
are  not  disposed  to  take  a  business  view  of  the 
matter,  but  desire  the  poultry  business  to  do 
what  they  would  not  for  a  moment  expect  from 
any  other,  which  is,  a  return  of  the  capital  in  one 
season.  We  have  often  had  parties  to  ask  if  they 
could  maintain  a  family  with  the  poultry  busi- 
ness, on  an  investment  of  afew  hundred  dollars, 
flomething  which  they  would  not  hope  for  in  any 
■Other  enterprise.* 


THE   WYANDOTTES. 

Eight  years  ago  this  breed  was  uniform  in  plu- 
mage, compact  in  shape,  and  gave  promise  of 
being  one  of  the  best  breeds  introduced.  After 
being  admitted  to  the  standard,  which  compelled 
breeders  to  adhere  to  points  of  plumage,  the 
original  shape  disappeared,  and  not  even  the 
feathering  became  uniform.  Although  admitted 
as  a  pure  breed  there  are  but  few  breeders  who 
can  boast  of  a  flock  of  hens  that  are  alike.  >>ome 
are  striped  on  the  feather,  some  white  with  black 
edge,  and  others  laced  like  the  Dark  Brahma. 
But  few  Wyandottes,  whether  cockerels  or  pul- 
lets, show  the  beautiful  spangled  breasts  and 
wings  so  elegantly  displayed  in  the  illustrations. 
They  are  fair  layers,  however,  but  do  not  com- 
pare with  the  Leghorns  and  some  other  breeds. 
A  few  years  more  and  no  doubt  they  will  be  bred 
to  greater  perfection,  but  they  now  often  revert 
back  to  the  original  stock.  There  is  one  thing 
in  their  favor,  however,  which  is  their  bright, 
clean,  yellow  legs,  and  golden-colored  skin;  in 
which  they  excel  the  Plymouth  Rocks  or  any 
other  breed.  They  are  destined  to  be  one  of  the 
best  market  fowls  in  existence.  They  also  have 
small  combs,  which  is  a  great  desideratum,  espe- 
cially in  cold  climates.  They  are  hardy,  and,  as 
a  rule,  free  from  diseases  as  compared  with  some 
breeds. 


PACKING   EGGS    FOR  WINTER   USE. 

As  the  price  of  eggs  is  usually  low  at  this  sea- 
son, a  large  number  may  be  packed  and  stowed 
away  until  prices  become  higher.  It  is  not  neces- 
sary to  keep  eggs  six  month,  though  they  may 
be  kept  a  year  with  care.  Prices  fluctuate  very 
much,  and  three  months  make  quite  a  difference. 
Opinions  dilTer  as  to  which  is  the  best  method  of 
preserving  eggs.  The  usual  practice  is  to  pack 
the  eggs  In  salt,  not  allowing  them  to  touch  each 
other,  fllling  the  spaces  well  with  the  salt.  Boxes 
should  be  used,  and  the  small  sizes  are  best.  The 
eggs  are  placed  on  end  in  the  salt,  and  when  the 
boxes  are  full,  the  tops  are  screwed  on  tightly. 
The  secret  of  success  is  to  turn  the  egga  at  least 
three  times  a  week,  which  is  done  by  turning  the 
boxes  upside  down.  The  diflicuUy  with  pre- 
served eggs  is  that  the  contents,  if  the  eggs  re- 
main in  one  position,  settle  and  adhere  to  the 
shells.  This  cannot  be  avoided  whatever  the 
method  or  process  may  be,  but  if  they  are  packed 
in  boxes,  and  the  boxes  frequently  turned,  as 
mentioned,  the  difficulty  will  be  greatly  lessened. 
In  addition  to  salt  as  a  packing,  coal-ashes,  plas- 
ter, well-dried  oats  or  corn,  and  even  dust  may 
be  used,  but  salt  is  best.  Dry  processes  are  more 
convenient  than  the  liquid  methods,  ai^d  the 
later  they  are  preserved  the  better.  The  chief 
point  to  be  observed,  however,  is  to  frequently 
turn  the  eggs,  and  to  keep  the  boxes  In  a  cool 
place. 


POULTRY    SCRATCHINGS. 

Hay  8eed.— This  material  can  be  had  from 
livery  stables  for  a  trifle,  and  is  just  the  thing 
for  young  chicks. 

The  NE.STS.— Tobacco  refuse  Is  excellent  for 
preventing  lice,  and  cannot  be  used  too  freely,  as 
It  is  harmless  to  the  fowls. 

Green  Oats.— If  green  food  is  scarce  sow  a 
quart  of  oats  after  a  rain,  and  feed  it  to  the  hens 
when  the  oats  are  two  inches  high. 

The  Coops.— Remove  the  windows  and  substi- 
tute wire  screens,  as  plenty  of  fresh  air  "is  a  very 
important  adjunct  to  health  In  summer. 

The  Best  Soil— The  best  soil  for  a  poultry 
yard  is  one  that  is  very  sandy,  as  it  dries  off 
quickly,  and  is  ?asily  spaded  and  cleaned. 

The  Droppings.— They  quickly  decompose 
now  and  should  be  removed  often,  not  only 
from  the  coops,  but  by  raking  the  yard  also. 

Lice.— June  is  the  month  for  lice  to  put  in 
active  work.  Nothing  short  of  strict  sanitary 
regulations  will  prevent  the  vermin,  and  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  suppressing  them. 

A  Summer  Dust  Bath.— As  the  ground  often 
becomes  hard  and  compact,  especially  after  a 
rain,  a  convenient  mode  of  making  a  dust  bath, 
is  to  spade  up  a  few  feet  of  earth,  working  it  up 
fine     It  will  serve  the  purpose  admirably. 

Green  Food.— It  should  be  plentiful  now,  and 
freely  used.  We  would  suggest  the  sowing  of  a 
few  rows  of  leeks  and  shallots  for  early  use  next 
season.  A  few  onions  grown  and  stored  away 
for  winter  use  will  be  found  excellent,  and  a 
hundred  late  cabbage  plants  will  aflTord  quite  a 
supply  when  the  snow  comes  again. 

June  Chicks.- It  isnowteolate  to  hatch  young 
chicks,  as  the  prices  will  be  very  low  by  the  time 
they  are  old  enough  fwr  the  market ;  yet,  they 
will  pay  a  small  profit,  no  matter  during  which 
month  they  may  be  hatched.  We  have  already 
demonstrated  that  it  only  requires  five  cents  to 
produce  a  pound  of  chicken,  and,  consequently, 
they  pay  at  all  times, 

Young  Turkeys.— Dryness  is  the  first  essential 
in  raising  young  turkeys,  and  then  comes  the 
matter  of  range.  Y(»,ung  turkeys  cannot  be  con- 
fined like  young  chicks,  nor  must  they  be  allowed 
to  wander  in  the  wet  grass.  See  that  they  do  not 
leave  the  coops  until  the  sun  is  well  up,  and  that 
they  are  shut  up  before  sundown.  It  will  be 
troublesome  for  awhile,  but  pays  in  the  end. 

Plucking  Geese.— Do  not  pluck  the  geese 
until  the  goslings  are  all  hatched  and  able  to 
take  care  of  themselves.  The  geese  may  be 
plucked  twice— once  in  July  and  once  in  Novem- 
ber, as  they  will  have  nothing  to  do  after  this 
month  in  the  way  of  laying  or  sitting.  It  should 
be  remembered  that  the  renewal  of  the  feathers 
is  a  great  drain  on  the  system,  and  the  geese 
should  be  well  fed,  and  given  a  warm,  dry  place 
at  night  until  they  are  fully  feathered  again. 


LOOK ''''wisirs^^'.,  HERE! 

ENTERPRISE  POULTRY  YARDS, 

Ha<t  a  few  Plymoutft  Rocka  ret  for  sale,  ;iU.  Br-wn  l.-ijltom.t.  Black 
Hamburg^,  Wi/andoUes.  and  a  fine  Irioof  Pekin  Huckt.  Prices  rta 
flonable,  to  close  out.    P.  Rock,  and  B.  Leghoru  e(j:§a  i>kl.00  per  1^. 


I  AMfiCUAIJC   JI"'  BEST  IN  AMERICA. 

LMHUOnHnO    ^'"^  tnesl  strains  in   this  couctry 


mated    with    irr^it    iwpfo-tnfirma 

from  Major  ( ■road,  of  EriKland.    Eggs  $8.50  for  13    $4  50 

l"''.*^-.*'"''  I'll' circulars  with  mv  instruotii.tiKfnr  palslno 

Spring  Chickens  and  best  INCUBATOR  and  BR(Jf»JER. 

Address  J.  I..  HARRIS,  Cinimminson.  N.  J. 


THE  POULTRY  RAISER-""?  as  «!,«  p,r 

I  ^^^mmm^t^^mt^^^^m^^^  Tear   Tor  12  numbers 

IG  pacei  each,     ^40  in  i;old  for  the  largest  num- 

'  suKs.-ritier^  Mar   1,   iK'^o,     Tells  all  about  Poul- 

i^iiic  fiT  Pr.itii.    Sanipk'cniiii's'2cenia.    Address. 

r/jTHE  POULTRY  RAISER.  69  Dearborn  St..  Chicago. 


T.  WALTER  &  SONS,  ^."^^Is'^l^^l^t 

Breeders  and  Shippers  of  I.MPROVED  STOCK, 
CATTLE,  SHEEP,  SWINE,  POUETRY,  and 
OOGS.    Sead  stamp  for  Catalosue  and  Prices. 


25 


YEARS  IN  THE 

POULTRY  YARD. 

I6ih  Edition.  168  Pages,  explain- 
inc:  the  entire  business.  Givea 
Bvmptoms  and  best  remedies  for 
all  diseases.  A  SO-paije  Illustrated 
Catalogue.  All  for  25c.  in  stamps. 

A.  M.   LANG. 
COTe  Dale.  Lewis  Co.  Ky. 


INCUBATORSi 

■   f.  W.  SAVTnoi?    «554 


I  The  SAVIDOE.  100  eggs 
.$'^1.00.        Different    sizes. 

'Never  fails.    Sent  on  trial. 

.  SAVIDGE,  ISM  Hunilnadon  St.,  Phllail'a,  Pa. 


dr";lu?;V?e'^,hTng  THOROUGHBRED    FOWLS, 
FANCY  PIGEONS,  AND 

FINE    BRED    DOCS. 

E.  MAURER,  1026  Spring  Garden  St.,  Phllidelphla,  Pa. 


W.  0.  DAKIN,  Toledo,  0.,  Jn"d"SXl 

bred  LANGSHANS,Thoroughbred  WYANDOTTES 
Handsome  Circular  free.   Mention  Farm  anuGabden. 


Auger  Egg  Case. 

(PATENTED  JULY,  IHS4.) 
This  is  the  only  PERFECT  Et;g  Case,  it  being  made 
entirely  of  wood,  with  round  holes  an<l  a  cloth  packing. 
The  cases  are  made  with  locked  c<h  neis.  for  small  sizes, 
and  with  a  handle  on  top.  for  convenience  in  carrying. 
The  large  sizes  are  securely  nailed  with  French  nails, 
and  have  the  Richmond  hinge  and  Improved  fasten- 
ings. These  cases  have  no  paper  compartments  inside, 
which  need  constant  rejitacenjent  as  have  all  other 
Etjg  Cases.  Aiao,make  to  order  small  sizes  to  ship  eggs 
for  setting.  Warranted  to  trnnspot-t  e^sn  without 
breakaee.  Send  lor  circular  and  price-list.  AGENTS 
WANTED.  CANADIAN  RIGHTS  for  sale.  Address 
K.  P.  AUGER,  Box  158,  Fitzwilliam.  N.  H. 


HAVE  YOU  GOT  IT? 

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The  best  preparation  of  Its  kind.  It  C'URE.S  CHOIi. 
ER.A  and  other  <Jisejvses.  A  ti-ial  will  conTince 
BHers  ol'its  merits,  both  as  a  remeilyand  Conilitioa 
Powder.  Ask  yourstorel^eeper  to  set  it  for  von.  MaDU- 
factured  by   DR..  A.  M.  DICKIE,  DOYLESTOWN,  P». 


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loo  pages;  beautiful  COLhrbd 
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10 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


©HE    I)OUSBHOLD. 


SUMMER   IN  THE   COUNTRY. 


By  J.E.  McC. 


"  I  hear  the  wild  bee  wind  his  horn ; 
The  bird  swings  on  ihe  ripening  wheat ; 

The  long  green  lances  of  the  corn 
Are  tilling  in  the  winds  of  morn; 

The  locust  shrills  his  song  of  heat." 

WhiUier. 

The  summer  is  full  of  sweet  sights  and  sounds  ; 
but  too  many  hurried  house-mothers  feel  that 
they  have  no  time  for  even  a  breathing-space  to 
flrink  them  in.  Yet,  It  is  good  for  the  mother, 
and  good  for  the  work,  to  make  her  little  pauses; 
to  leave  the  hot  kitclien  a  minute  and  feast  on 
the  delicate  perfume  and  the  rich  beauty  of  the 
opening  rose^  this  June  day;  to  perform  some 
little,  loving  office  for  a  drooping  favorite  in  the 
flower  border,  and  to  pick  a  little  cluster  of  pinks 
to  wear  through  thv,  bustle  and  hurry  of  the 
morning.  These  are  all  little  things,  but  they 
are  sweet  helpers  to  busy  hands.  It  is  just  such 
little,  softening  influences:  that  keep  the  heart 
from  growing  hard  and  fretted,  and  that  bring 
pleasant  thoughts,  those  cheeriest  of  all  guests. 

The  influence  of  the  flower  border  is  not  for 
herself  alone.  The  children  will  feel  and  show 
its  power  in  their  every  day  lives.  There  is  some 
line  of  good  in  the  roughest  boy  who  prizes  a 
beautiful  flower.  I  dropped  a  little  bunch  of 
roses,  one  morning,  as  I  walked  up  from  the  ferry 
in  New  York,  near  the  stand  of  a  little  bootblack, 
and  as  1  crossed  a  street  I  glanced  back  to  see  the 
result.  He  had  sprung  to  the  spot  in  an  instant, 
and  already  a  half  dozen  others  seemed  to  have 
flocked  about  him,  to  whom  he  was  dealing  out 
a  rose  apiece.  I  have  many  times  since  then 
given  a  flower  to  a  street  child,  and  never  with- 
out seeing  a  look  of  delight  spread  over  Its  face. 

Oh  mothers  who  toll  in  the  country,  and  think 
your  lot  so  hard,  rejoice  that  you  and  your  child- 
ren are  not  even  common  working  people  in  the 
city.  What  it  would  be  to  belong  to  the  city 
poor,  one  can  only  guess  with  a  shudder. 


COUSIN    PHEBC. 

Sy  Aunt  £^a. 


"  Good  news  for  you  children,"  said  Mrs.  Clyde, 
**  Cousin  Phebe  is  coming  to  spend  all  of  July 
TTlthus." 

There  wa«  a  chorus  of  "good,  good,  good," 
from  three  chubby  children,  and  the  baby  came 
in  at  the  close  with  "  dood,  dood,'"  though  he  did 
not  at  all  understand  what  it  was  all  about. 

*'I  thought  cousin  Phebe  was  that  lame  cousin 
of  Mr.  Clydes,"said  Mrs.  Black.  "I  should  think 
it  would  be  a  sight  of  trouble  to  have  an  invalid 
about  the  house  in  the  very  busiest  season." 

Mrs.  Clyde  smiled  cheerily,  as  she  said  :  '*  You 
don't  know  cousin  Phebe ;  just  to  have  her  in  the 
house  helps  folks,  even  If  she  is  not  able  to  sit  up. 
But,  though  she  is  not  strong,  and  is  lame,  she 
helps  along  with  all  the  work.  It  is  not  her 
happy  spirit  altogether,  but  she  knows  just 
where  the  hurry  and  worry  comes  in,  and  can 
sit  in  her  rocking-chair  so  calmly,  and  get  a 
whole  dinner  ready  for  the  stove,  if  need  be,  and 
invent  simple  plays  for  the  babies,  or  sing  a 
Bweet  song  to  the  children  all  at  the  same  time, 
and,  yet,  all  is  done  with  no  apparent  eflbrt.  She 
can  do  the  most  in  the  quietest  way  of  any  person 
I  know.  She  will  not  let  me  touch  a  needle  while 
she  is  here. 

**  *  I  cant  do  much,  Lucy/  she  says,  *  but  I  can 
sit  and  sew,  or  knit,  and  I  should  be  miserable 
with  nothing  to  do.'  As  if  she  was  not  always 
doing;  working  twice  as  much  as  I  wish  she 
would.  Rut  she  says  it  is  ctnly  a  play-spell  to 
her.  Still,  if  she  could  do  nothiug  but  lie  on  the 
lounge  all  day  and  cheer  one  up,  and  suggest 
easy  plans  for  doing  work,  she  would  be  a  bless- 
ing anywhere. 

••It  is  quite  different  fVom  having  a  fine  lady 
Visitor  settle  down  in  your  house  and  fold  her 
hands,  waiting  for  you  to  entertain  her,  I  always 
prefer  to  have  such  company  come  at  some  other 
time  than  harvest ;  but  Phebr  can  never  come  at 
the  wrong  time.  We  all  want  her,  and  will  keep 
her  as  long  as  we  can  when  we  get  her.  Stay  as 
long  AC  she  will,  she  will  never  out-slay  her 
■welcome." 

TO  SPEND  THE   SUMMER. 


*•  What  am  I  to  do  cousin  I.lnda?"  said  Nelly, 
laying  down  the  letter  she  had  been  reading 
aloud,  with  an  air  of  vexation,  perplexity,  and 
discouragement. 

"I  have  always  found  that  a  truthful,  straight- 
forward way  was  the  best,  Nelly.  I  would  just 
write  a  kind  letter  explaining  the  situation,  and 
declining  the  girls'  visit  until  after  the  busy  sea- 


son is  over.  Tell  them  you  are  greatly  over- 
worked as  it  is,  and  that  you  dare  not  undertake 
any  additional  labor.  If  they  are  oflended,  you 
must  try  and  bear  it  with  composure.  They  have 
no  reason  whatever  to  be  so.  People  who  choose 
the  most  inconvenient  time  for  their  farmer 
friends  to  entertain  them,  merely  as  a  matter  of 
convenience  to  themselves,  and  as  a  means  of 
saving  money  for  the  summer,  are  not  people  of 
very  fine  natures.  They  are  too  thoroughly  self- 
ish to  make  their  opinion  of  us  a  matter  of  much 
moment.  If  they  get  angry  over  such  a  reasona- 
ble request,  it  is  all  the  plainer  that  they  would 
be  very  undesirable  guests.  I  knew  a  family 
living  in  a  roomy  house  in  a  small  village,  who 
had  two  half-grown,  hoydenish  school-glrls  sent 
down  to  them  for  six  weeks,  while  their  city 
friends  shut  up  their  house  and  went  to  Saratoga. 
They  were  merely  acquaintances,  and  they  came 
for  a  visit,  the  lady  of  the  house  receiving  in- 
structions '*  to  treat  them  just  as  she  did  her  own 
girls,  and  not  allow  them  to  be  careless  about 
making  washing,  &c.'*  She  must  "limit  them  to 
so  many  white  waists  a  week,"  which  was  a  very 
encouraging  view  for  the  mother  of  eight  child- 
ren, one  of  whom  lay  dangerously  sick  all  sum- 
mer. They  all  survived  it,  but  it  was  a  puzzle  to 
see  how.  The  next  year  when  they  wrote  to 
invite  themselves  down,  the  letter  was  left  un- 
answered. People  who  are  of  the  order  of 
*  spongers,'  may  well  be  avoided  by  any  fair 
means  within  our  reach.  I  would  surely  write 
to  the  girls,  asking  that  their  visit  be  deferred  to 
the  fall;  and  while  I  would  write  polilely,  I 
would  also  write  plainly,  so  that  there  would  be 
no  dangerof  being  misunderstood." 


LIGHT  BrSCUIT. 


'*  What,  making  biscuit  for  your  workmen, 
Mrs.  Hammond?"  said  her  neighbor  as  she  ran 
in  to  borrow  a  cup  of  sugar.  "  You  must  have 
more  time  than  I  do." 

"This  is  the  second  time  to-day,"  said  the 
other,  sliding  a  wide  tinful  in  to  her  oven.  "I 
gave  them  two  heaping  bread-plates  full  for 
breakfast.  I  do  not  know  of  anything  that  I  can 
make  in  ten  minutes'  timt*.  that  is  half  as  satis- 
fying to  a  company  of  hungry  men.  They  about 
take  the  place  of  hot  buckwheat  cakes  in  winter, 
only  they  are  far  easier  made,  and  far  more 
wholesome.  I  think  this  talk  we  have  heard  all 
our  lives  about  the  un  health  fulness  of  hot  bis- 
cuit, Is  largely  superstition.  There  are  no  hear- 
tier or  happier  Sfl  of  workmen  than  ours  come 
around  a  tabic,  and  nice,  light  biscuit  twice  a  day 
is  our  regular  custom.  I  put  a  plate  of  bread  on 
the  table  for  any  who  prefer  it,  but  it  is  t;eldom 
touched.  It  Is  far  easier  for  me  than  the  same 
amount  of  bread  moulding,  watching,  and  bak- 
ing, and  if  It  hurts  nobody,  I  mean  to  keep  It  up. 
I  think  biscuit  got  their  bad  name  from  that  hot 
shortcakf  of  our  grandmother's,  which  was  fairly 
melting  with  shortening.  It  was  a  different  kind 
of  provision  from  our  modern,  feather-weight, 
baking  powder  biscuit." 

"I  don't  want  to  hinder  you,  but  could  you 
just  give  me  your  directions  for  making  them." 

"  Oh,  yes;  I  can  write  them  down  in  a  moment," 
and  taking  up  the  ever-handy  pencil,  she  wrote  : 

One  quart  of  buttermilk,  with  enough  soda  to 
jiV^t  sweeten  It.  Half  a  teaspoonful  is  usually 
enough.  One  teasponnful  of  salt;  one  large, 
heaping  spoonful  of  lard.  Mix  five  heaping  tea- 
spoonfuls  of  baking  powder  with  the  flour;  then 
rub  in  the  lard,  and  mix.     Bake  quickly. 

"  It  usually  takes  me  just  ttn  minutes  to  mix, 
roll,  and  put  in  the  oven;  though,  when  in  a 
hurry,  I  can  do  it  in  less.  Then  it  can  go  on  bak- 
ing while  I  am  preparing  the  rest  of  the  meal.  I 
like  it,  and  my  men  folks  like  it,  and  we  have 
not  a  dyspeptic  person  in  the  house.  So,  I  mean 
to  keep  up  the  practice  for  the  present.*' . 


A    POOR  TOPIC   FOR   CONVERSATION. 


Bij  Ay(fy. 

Kiss  E.  had  a  very  pleasant  face  and  manner, 
as  she  sat  down  cosily  for  an  afternoon  call.  She 
isa  well-informed  woman,  and  there  were  many 
topics  of  interest  on  which  she  could  have  con- 
versed with  pleasure  and  profit ;  but  the  sole  one 
of  which  she  could  speak,  was  a  recent  lung  and 
bronchial  difficulty,  of  which  she  had  been  the 
victim.  She  smilingly  opened  up  the  subject  in 
reply  to  an  inquiry  about  her  health,  and  for  one 
hour  the  symptoms,  treatment,  and  past  history 
of  the  case  were  detailed  with  sufficient  exact- 
ness for  the  most  searching  medical  inquest.  It 
was  useless  to  try  and  change  the  subject.  It 
must  be  heard  to  the  end,  and  all  was  told  as 
impressively  and  pleasantly  as  if  it  was  the  most 
agreeable  of  news.  She  is  an  excellent,  kindly 
woman;  but  even  that  could  not  prevent  the 
infliction  from  being  very  wearisome.    As  far  as 


I  could  see,  it  was  of  no  possible  advantage  to 
her,  and  it  was  diflicult  to  imagine  how  the  pain- 
ful review  could  have  been  a  pleasure. 

One  might  suppose  that  Emerson  had  fallen  in 
with  people  of  this  type,  which  caused  him  to 
give  this  good  counsel,  which  is  especially  valua- 
ble to  young  people  whose  habits  are  forming. 
He  says:— "There  is  one  topic  that  is  peremp- 
torily forbidden  to  all  well-bred,  rational  mor- 
tals;  namely,  that  of  distempers.  Ifyou  have  not 
slept,  or  if  yon  have  slept,  if  you  have  headache, 
sciatica,  leprosy  or  thunder-stroke,  I  beseech 
you,  by  all  angels,  to  hold  your  peace."  He 
always  says  a  thing  strongly,  if  at  all;  and  w© 
can  easily  see  that  he  takes  this  point  too  far. 
There  are  suitable  times  and  seasons  for  speak- 
ing of  complaints,  even  to  our  friends,  but  they 
should  not  be  made  the  staple  of  conversation. 
Details  are  not  usually  interesting  to  outsiders; 
but  on  the  contrary,  quite  the  reverse.  Sympathy 
is  quite  as  likely  to  flow  from  a  few  words  regard- 
ing our  affliction,  as  from  a  day's  harping  upon 
it.  • 

There  are  those  who  must  talk  over  their 
troubles,  and  who  rejoice  when  a  fresh  listener 
can  be  obtained.  Ifyou  are  that  listener,  take  it 
patiently  and  kindly;  at  the  same  time,  when 
you  see  how  irksome  it  is,  take  the  hint  and  do 
hot  do  so  yourself.  It  is  an  art  to  learn  to  talk 
on  suitable  subjects,  as  well  as  to  speak  in  a  flu- 
ent and  graceful  manner. 

RECIPES. 


Snow  Cake. — 12  eggs,  3  cups  sugar,  3  cups  flour, 

1  cup  sweet  milk,  1  cup  butter,  1  cup  corn  starch, 

2  teaspoonfuls  baking-powder;  flavor  to  taste. 
Ginger  Bread.— One-half  cup  lard,  2  cups  mo- 
lasses, 1  cup  sugar,  1  cup  sour  milk,  1  tablespoon- 
ful  soda,  1  tablespoonful  ginger,  some  salt. 

Lemon  Cake.— 5  eggs,  ."5  cups  sugar,  4  cups  flour, 

1  cup  sweet  milk,  1  cup  butter,  2  teaspoonfuls 
baking-powder;  flavor  with  lemon. 

Sponge  Cake. — ti  eggs,  3  cups  sugar,  1  cup  water^ 
4  cups  flour,  2  teaspoonfuls  baking-powder. 

Soft  Ginger  Bread.— I  cup  sugar,  2  cups  mo- 
lasses, 1  cup  butter  (if  lard,  salt),  1  cup  water,  1 
teaspoonful  soda,  2  teaspoonfuls  ginger,  2  tea- 
spoonfuls cinnamon,  2  eggs,  5  cups  flour. 

Aunt  Millies  Hard  soap. —6  pounds  sal-eoda, 
4  pounds  unslacked  lime,  24  quarts  rain-water.. 
Put  all  on  the  fire,  and  boil,  then  set  off  and  let 
settle.    Brain  off  and  put  over  the  Are  with  6 

Sounds  clear  grease,  and  one-half  pound  rosin. 
;oil  until  it  begins  to  thicken,  throw  in  a  couple- 
handfuls  of  salt.    Let  cool  and  cut. 

Mrs.  M.  I.  H.,  Greenville,  IIU 

Graham  Gems.— 1  quart  buttermilk,  1  teaspoon- 
ful soda,  1  teaspoonful  salt,  flour  enough  to  make 
a  very  stiff  batter,  and  baked  in  gem  pans,  hot 
and  well  greased,  in  a  hot  oven. 

Potato  Soup.— 1  gallon  water, 6  potatoes  peeled 
and  cut  in  squares,  1  tablespoonful  Bait,  2  onions,. 
one-half  cup  rice.  Boil  one  hour.  Just  before 
taking  from  the  stove  add  3  tablespoonfuls  flour,, 
stirred  In  a  cup  of  sweet  cream,  and  a  tablespoon- 
ful butler. 

Ginger  Bread.— One-half  cup  sugar,  1  cup- 
molasses,  one-half  cup  lard,  1  teaspoonful  each, 
of  clover,  cinnamon,  and  ginger,  2  teaspoonfuls 
soda  in  a  cup  of  hot  water,  2  well-beaten  eggs,. 
214  cups  flour. 

CREAM  Pie.— 1  pint  milk,  one-half  cup  sugar, 

3  tablespoonfuls  flour  for  2  of  corn  starch),  yolks 
of  2  eggs,  pinch  of  siJt,  flavor  with  vanilla- 
Boil  quickly  until  thick.  Bake  a  lower  crust. 
When  baked  pour  in  the  cream.    The  whites  of 

2  eggs,  one-half  cup  sugar,  beaten  until  stiff, 
spread  on  pie  and  brown  in  oven. 

White  Cake.  —2  cups  sugar.  1  cup  butter,  one- 
half  cup  milk,  whites  of  S  eggs,  1  teaspoonful 
baking-powder,  cream,  butter,  and  sugar,  odd 
milk  and  well-beaten  whites,  flour,  and  baking- 
powder  for  a  moderately  stiff  batter. 

Custard.— 1  quart  milk,  set  to  boil  in  a  pan  of 
hot  water,  1  taVdespoonful  butter,  yolks  of  4  eggs, 
well  beaten,  added  to  a  little  cold  milk,  and  4 
tablespoonfuls  sugar;  stir  into  the  hot  milk,  and 
let  cool  until  creamy,  stirring  often.  Just  before 
taking  from  fire  add  salt  and  vanilla  to  taste. 
Beat  whites  to  stiff"  froth,  add  2  or  3  tablespoon- 
fuls sugar,  while  beating,  and  a  few  drops  of 
vanilla;  place  on  top  of  custard. 

Mrs.  a.  H.  M.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

+ 

White  Cake.— 1  cup  milk,  3  cups  flour,  one- 
half  cup  sugar,  2  tablespoonfuls  melted  butter,  t 
egg,  I  tcjispoonful  soda,  2  teaspoonfuls  cream  tar- 
tar (or  3  baking  powder.) 

JuMBLES.—l  cup  V>utter,  2  cup  su^ar,  3  e^s.  1 
teaspoonful  soda,  lemon  for  flavoring  ;  roll  in 
sugar. 

Cream  Puff.— 2  eggs,  one-half  cup  sugar,  two- 
thirds  cup  flour,  1  teaspoonful  baking-powder, 
mix  with  flour;  break  eggs  in  a  bowl,  add  sugar, 
then  flour.  Split  the  cake,  and  put  the  custard 
between.  Cn.sfoi-d :—l  egg,  2  or  .3  tablespoonfuls- 
sugar,  1  tablespoonful  cnrn  starch,  1  cup  milk; 
cook  in  hot  water,  like  boiled  custard. 

Doughnuts.— I  cup  sugar,  1  cup  sweet  milk,  1 
egg,  3  teaspoonfuls  baking-powder,  1  tablespoon- 
ful butter.  After  taking  out  of  the  lard,  roll  in 
sugar. 

Dre-ssing  Salad  for  Cabbage  or  Lettuce.— 

4  eggs,  beaten  well.  2  tablespoonfuls  mixed  mus- 
tard, one-tUird  teaspoonful  red  pepper.  1  tea- 
spoonful salt.  1  tablespoonful  hard  butter,  6or8- 
tablespoonfuls  vinetrar:  si-t  into  boiling  water 
over  the  fire,  and  stir  until  thick,  like  custard; 
when  cold  and  rcadv  for  use  taUe  one-half  cup 
cream,  and  add  2  tablespoonfuls  of  the  salad. 
Chop  the  cabbage  fine,  and  ]iour  over. 

Ginger  Cake.— 1  cup  molasses.  1  cup  sour  milk, 
1  cnp  brown  sugar,  one-half  eup  shortning,  3i-^. 
cups  flour,  2  eggs,  2  teaspoonfuls  soda;  spice  to 
taste.  Mrs.  .1.  W.  J.,  Onaga,  Kansas. 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


It 


Odds  and  €nds 


Obedience.— A  great  step  has  been  gained 
when  a  child  has  learned  that  there  Is  no  neces- 
sary connection  between  liking  to  do  a  thing  and 
doing  it.  

Like  Sunbeasis.— If  you  have  something  to 
say,  as  a  general  rule,  boil  it  down.  Words  are 
like  sunbeams,  the  more  they  are  condensed,  the 
deeper  they  burn. 

Greenland  Agriculture. — It  is  said  that 
carrots  and  turnips  can  be  raised  there,  and  that 
cabbages  produce  tolerably  large  leaves.  But 
potatoes  never  get  larger  than  marbles. 


Cracker  Mince  Pie.— Two  cups  of  crackers, 
rolled  fine;  1  cup  of  sugar;  1  cup  of  molasses;  I 
cup  of  water;  half  a  cup  of  vinegar;  1  cup  of 
Rhopped  raisins.  Spice  to  taste.  Bake  like  other 
toince  pies. 

The  Dahlia.— It  Is  Just  one  hundred  years 
since  the  Dahlia  was  first  introduced  into  Europe. 
It  was  found  in  Mexico  and  was  sent  to  Spain. 
Kostritz,  in  Germany,  is  now  the  centre  of  the 
Dahlia  culture. 

Ivy  Poison. — For  ivy  poisoning  nothing  is 
better  than  simple  lime-water.  Those  exposed 
to  it  must  apply  it  several  times  a  day.  If  it 
once  gets  fairly  started  it  is  difficult  to  entirely 
cure  It,  until  it  has  run  its  two  weeks  course. 


Two  little  girls  had  a  dispute  about  the  posses- 

■  slon  of  a  few  beads.    At  last  one  thought  of  an 

agreement  which  she  felt  ought  to  have  weight. 

"Oh,  Lizzie;  you  should  remember  the  Golden 

Rule!    Give 'em  all  to  me." 


Daniel  Webster  once  used  an  excellent  illustra- 
tion in  an  address,  and  an  admiring  friend  asked 
him  afterwards  where  he  obtained  it.  '*  I  have 
had  it  laid  up  in  my  memory  for  fourteen  years, 
and  never  had  an  opportunity  to  use  it  before," 
he  replied.  It  costs  nothing  to  carry  knowledge, 
and  there  is  no  telling  when  an  item  will  come 
Into  play. 

In  boiling  greens,  always  add  a  little  soda  to 
the  water.  It  leaves  the  greens  bright,  and  the 
water  will  be  almost  black.  Be  sure  the  *'  looking 
over  "  of  greens  is  given  to  some  trus*y  person. 
So  many  insects  harbor  in  them  at  this  season. 
Klghtly  prepared,  they  are  an  excellent  addition 
to  any  dinner.  Serve  with  hard  boiled  eggs  laid 
over  in  slices. 

Unconscious  Influence. — An  enthusiastic 
admirer  of  Carlyle  once  visited  him,  but  com- 
plained afterwards  that  his  presence,  in  some 
unaccountable  way,  "  rasped  on  the  nerves." 
On  the  other  hand,  one  describes  the  entrance  of 
Dickens  into  a  room  "as  the  sudden  kindling  of 
a  big  fire,  by  which  everyone  is  warmed,"  So 
much  is  there  in  unconscious  influence. 


It  used  t-o  be  the  custom  to  take  out  to  the 
weary  harvester,  about  ten  o'clock,  a  covered  tin 
pailful  of  cold  water,  in  which  had  been  mixed 
molasses,  a  little  vinegar,  and  a  spoonful  or  two 
of  ginger.  I  never  heard  of  its  doing  any  harm, 
but  the  thirsty  men  counted  it  very  refreshing 
and  satisfying.  It  certainly  is  far  better  than  the 
heating  fluid  sometimes  passed  around  in  har- 
vest fields. 

The  Largest  Apple  Tree.— The  largest  apple 
tree  in  the  country  is  said  to  be  in  the  door-yard 
of  Delos  Hotchkiss,  Cheshire,  Conn.  Its  circum- 
ference is  thirteen  feet  and  eight  inches.  The 
girth  of  the  largest  limb  is  six  feet  and  eight 
inches.  It  has  eight  branches;  five  bear  one 
year  and  three  the  next.  110  bushels  have  been 
gathered  in  one  year  from  the  five  branches.  It 
is  over  140  years  old. 


Woman's  Rights.— There  is  a  good  deal  ot 
clamor  in  some  quarters  for  woman's  right  to  do 
men's  work.  They  have  this  right  across  the 
ocean,  without  stint.  Henry  Wilson  tells  us  that 
in  the  land  of  *'  Bonny  Doon  "  he  saw  seventeen 
women  hoeing  in  one  field,  and  a  man  standing 
by  without  a  hoe,  acting  as  overseer.  In  Ger- 
many he  saw  women  working  with  a  barrow  on 
the  railroads,  carrying  coal,  carrying  mortar  up 
a  ladder  to  the  top  of  six-story  buildings,  saw 
women  yoked  with  dogs,  donkeys,  and  cows, 
women  with  faces  almost  as  black  as  Africans, 
and  loaded  down  with  great  packs  of  hay,  while 
a  man  walked  leisurely  along  currying  a  rake. 
French  peasant  women  may  be  seen  hard  at 
work  in  the  fields,  while  their  husbands  lazily 
smoke  on  the  door  steps.  And  yet  some  Ameri- 
can women  rail  at  our  government. 


Why  The  House  Was  Unhealthy.— A  fine 
house  could  never  keep  its  tenants,  though  kept 
in  the  best  of  repair.  A  fever  seized  its  occupants 
and  gave  the  place  a  bad  name.  An  investiga- 
tion showed  the  cause.  The  handsome  wall- 
paper had  been  laid  on  over  the  last  coat  for  gen- 
erations, and  the  fetid  old  sizing  and  paper  were 
fermenting,  and  breeding  deatli  in  all  the  rooms. 
A  thorough  scraping  and  cleaning  restored  the 
value  of  the  house. 


MIDSUMMER. 


Becalmed  along  the  azure  sky 
The  argosies  of  cloud  laud  lie 
Whose  shores  with  many  a  shining  rift. 
Far  off  their  snowy-white  peaks  uplift. 

Through  all  the  long  midsummer  day 
The  meadow  sides  are  sweet  wiih  hay, 
I  watch  the  mowers  as  they  go 
Through  the  tall  grass,  a  white-sleeved  row; 
With  even  stroke  tlieir  scythes  they  swing. 
In  time  their  merry  whetstones  ring; 
Behind  the  nimble  youngters  run, 
And  toss  the  thick  swaths  in  the  SUD. 
The  cattle  graze  while  warm  and  still, 
Slopes  the  hroad  pasture,  barks  the  bull, 
And  bright  when  summer  breezes  break, 
The  green  wheat  ciinifleB  like  a  lake. 


Tired  of  the  Farm.— A  young  girl,  tired  of 
the  farm,  went  down  to  New  York  last  Septem- 
ber to  seek  her  fortune.  A  paper  advertised 
"good  wages  for  light  work,"  and  she  applied  at 
the  establishment,  which  proved  to  be  one 
where  collars  were  made.  She  worked  steadily 
all  day  at  the  sewing  machine,  and  at  night 
joined  a  long  line  of  hungry-looking,  hollow-eyed 
women  to  receive  her  pay.  She  was  told  that 
she  earned  twenty-five  cents,  but  five  cents 
would  be  deducted  for  the  thread  she  had  used. 
.She  said,  indignantly,  that  she  could  not  live 
on  twenty  cents  a  day,  but  a  scornful  laugh  and 
stare  were  her  only  reply.  She  was  a  girl  of  good 
sense,  and  told  the  circumstances  to  the  first 
policeman  she  met.  The  next  day  she  was  sent 
home  by  the  Chief  of  the  Police  to  the  blessed  old 
farm  again,  with  its  peace  and  plenty,  and  with 
the  advice  to  stay  there. 


HIGHWAYS. 


A  highway  is  every  passage,  road,  bridge,  or 
street,  which  a  citizen  has  a  right  to  use. 

Highways  are  created  by  the  legislative  act,  by 
necessit}-,  and  dedication.  When  prlTate  prop- 
erty is  taken  by  a  legislative  act  for  a  highway. 
Just  compensation  is  given,  which  amount  is  usu- 
ally determined  by  a  Jury,  or  by  commissioners. 

If  a  highway  becomes  impassible  from  any 
cause,  the  public  have  a  right  to  go  on  the  ad- 
Joining  land,  even  though  there  be  a  crop  on  the 
same. 

The  owner  of  land  may  dedicate  it  to  the  public 
for  a  highway  by  allowing  it  to  be  used  as  such 
without  exercising  control  over  it.  The  dedica- 
tion may  be  evidenced  by  deed  or  by  act  of  the 
owner,  or  his  silent  acquiesence  in  its  use  for 
twenty  years.  There  may  be  a  gift  of  the  land 
on  the  part  of  the  owner  and  acceptance  of  the 
public. 


By  taking  or  accepting  land  for  a  highway,  the 
public  only  acquires  the  right  of  way,  and  the 
incidents  necessary  to  enjoying  and  maintain- 
ing it,  subject  to  the  regulations  of  the  towns^ 
All  trees  within  the  highway,  except  only  such 
as  are  requisite  to  make  or  repair  the  road  or 
bridges,  on  the  same  land,  all  grass  there  on,  and 
minerals  below,  are  for  the  use  of  the  owner  or 
occupant  of  the  land. 

The  owners  of  the  land  on  the  opposite  sides 
own  to  the  centre  of  the  highways.  If  at  any 
time  the  highway  is  abandoned  the  owner  re- 
covers the  land. 

The  liability  to  repair  is  determined  by  statute, 
and,  as  a  general  rule,  devolves  upon  the  towns. 

The  commissioners  of  highways  in  the  several 
towns  have  the  care  and  superintendence  of  the 
highways  and  bridges  within  their  respectiv© 
towns.  It  is  their  duty  to  repair  the  bridges  and 
and  roads  and  to  regulate  and  alter  such  of  them 
as  a  majority  of  the  commissioners  shall  deem 
inconvenient;  to  divide  their  respective  towns 
into  so  many  road  districts  as  they  shall  deem 
convenient;  to  assign  to  each  of  the  said  road 
districts  such  of  the  inhabitants  liable  to  work 
on  highways  as  they  shall  think  proper,  having 
regard  to  the  proximity  of  residence  as  much  as 
may  be. 

COMMENTS   FROM   THE    PEOPLE. 

Wilbur  F.  Hitt,  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  "Have 
seen  your  paper  but  little,  but  like  it  for  being 
practical." 

Otto  L.  Nichols,  So.  Brookfleld,  N.  Y.:  "I  would 
rather  have  the  Farm  and  Garden  than  any 
agricultural  paper  I  have  ever  seen." 

Orvin  Hubbard,  Artesia,Cal.:  "  I  now  send  you 
a  clubj  and  will  continue  to  work  for  you  and 
your  little  gem,  which  is  worth  twice  its  price." 

E.  G.  Wood,  Northview,  Mo.:  "  We  have  been 
taking  your  paper  and  prize  it  very  highly.  W& 
think  we  have  received  a  great  deal  ol  informa- 
tion." 

Jas.  W.  Love,  Ft.  Valley,  Ga.:  "  I  have  no  idea 
of  giving  up  the  Farm  and  CiARDen.  Meet  it 
when  and  where  you  may,  it  seems  to  greet  youi 
with  a  pleasant  smile." 

Alfred  Rawson,  Westville,  New  Haven,  Conn.r 
"  I  received  package  of  rose  plants  in  good  order. 
They  are  larger  than  I  supposed  they  would  be,, 
and  we  are  much  obliged.' 

Mrs.  H.  A.  Ailing,  South  Cairo,  N.  Y.:  "The 
rose  plants  came  yesterday  in  good  shape  and 
looking  finely.  I  am  very  much  pleased  with 
them.    Many  thanks." 

J.  W.  Manning,  Odell,  Neb.:  "As  soon  as  possi- 
ble I  am  going  calling  with  my  little  yellow-bird, 
the  Farm  and  Garden.  I  want  all  my  neigh- 
bors to  have  it ;  it  is  full  of  good  things." 

W.  K.  Hamiltoii^  Bunker  Hiil,  III.:  "I  am  well 
pleased  with  the  Farm  and  Garden,  and  think 
it  is  the  best  little  paper  that  is  published.  As 
long  as  I  command  filty  cents  I  will  not  be  with- 
out it.    I  wish  it  was  a  semi-monthly." 

George  A.  Breed,  Oconomowoc.  Wis.:  "I  re- 
ceived from  Mr.  H.  S.  Anderson,  of  Union 
Springs,  Cayuga  Lake  Nurseries,  the  Niagara 
grape  vme  I  ordered  through  you.  Also  received 
the  collection  of  seeds  from  William  H.  Maule. 
They  are  very  satisfactory.  I  read  with  much, 
pleasure  your  excellent  and  well-edited  paper, 
and  hope  you  will  give  us  a  true  description  of 
all  new  fruits  and  flowers,  that  we  may  not  be- 
imposed  upon  by  interested  nurserymen." 


Pleasr  mmlion  THE  FARM  AXB  GARDEN. 


■  CRCCVI  FRUITVALE   FAR.M. 
JCnOCI   I  Kruwii  A  Whiti  LejchornK, 

Herd  ftooA  I  &  Plymouth  Rock  Fowls  1  Eggi. 


JERSEY 
Dcnc    |M-;''''i>  for  iATAL<rG"i?[f.' I  fti'4rxiV 

ntUOi   I  FAR.UERS'  PRICES.  I    CATTLE 
Mortimer  Wliilehead,  Middlebuih,  New  imti. 


^Cheiler  White.   Berk-  P  T  f  C 
•hire  anil  Poland-China  i  AUTO, 

Kill.-  Sittir  Doc",  Ki-otvh  CoIIU-*. 

Fox  llouiidM  Hnd  BeuffleM,  Shi-ep 

il    Poultry,    lired   anil    lor   sale   by 

■  W.  GIBBONS  &  CO.,  West  Chester, 

'liester  County.   Pennsylvania. 

Send  Sta.mp  for  Circular  and  Price    List. 


.Jii1»-^j;S5S,<i.  I 


REGISTEREDSWINE 

^TlK.r.iin:h.lir..,l    Chl-^tcr    White*.    Po- 

Flund-Chlna*.  fi  [nipnrceil  UerL«tilre« 

True  pedljeree  tjivcu  with  i>very  Hnimal  sold.  Strong,  h-ealthy 
■tock  only.  Purity  cuamnteed.  Sepistamp  for  new  Cata- 
Ucve.    O.  B.  Warrington,  Box  624,'WeBt  Chester.  Pa. 

2806Lbs.Wg^t 

of  two  OHIO  IMPROVED 
jCHESTER  HOCSl 

.e   Send  for  dt'.-;crii>ti')n  of  this 

famous  breed.    Also  Fowls.  ' 

B.SlLVER,Cleveland,0. 


Re"..!t^.'^d  GUERNSEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 

Also  THOROUGHBREDS  AND  GRADES, 
louns  Stock  for  .sale.  Send  stamp  for  Catnloeue. 
T.  WAETER  &  SONS,  WEST  CHESTER,  Pa. 

Headquarters  for  all  articles  used  by 
horsemen,  works  on  the  Horse,  horse  pic- 
tures, road,  track,  and  racing  pictures; 
celebrated  horses,  200subjects;  Veterinary 
medicines  and  hor^e  goods  of  every  de- 
scription. Price  list  of  5C0 articles  needed 
bv  horsemen  mailed  free. 
a.  II.  XUTTLE.Te  Xaiiman  Bt-.N.X 


JERSEY  RED  PICS, 

8  to  13  weeks  old.  Pure  stock.    $]'.2  per  pnir.   Boxea 

with  feed.    Sale  nrrival  eunranleed, 
JOHN  S.  COLLINS,  .tlaoreatown.  New  Jersey. 

CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS, 

JERSEY  REDS, 

POLAND-CHINAS, 

SMALL  YORKSHIRES  AND  BERKSHIRES. 

Farmers  and  Breeders  desiring  to  secure  the  finest 
stock  of  the  above  breeds,  are  requested  to  order  early. 

Our  Spring  Pigs  are  unrivalled  in  quality. 

And  were  never  in  greater  demand.    Prices  and  partica- 
lara  cheerfully  given  hv  htt*  r.     Illustrated  cataluguefre*. 

W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO. 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 


HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

Chester  Whiten,   Jersey    Reds,    Toland* 

Chinas,  Small  Yorkshires,  Essex,  and 

Berkshires, 

Eight  to  Ten  weeks  old,  from  choice  imported  an<i 
doTTu- Stic  bloods,  &i  REASONABLE  PRICES.  Also 
Ruck  and  Ewe  Lambs  of  all  the  desirable 
breeds,  and  fine  Scotcli  Collie  Doss.  Send  for 
new  il[u*<itrated  catnloiciie. 

JOHNSON  &  STOKES,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


42 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'Voxj.  TW.   3Sro.  ZKL. 


The  Farm  and  Garden  is  published  <\t  725  Fil- 
bert Street,  PhUadr/phia,  Penna.  J(  is  mailed  to 
snbseribers  from  Ike  25th  to  the  laat  day  of  the 
•month  precediiiff  date  of  iss^ue.  The  subscription 
price  is  50  cents  a  year,  but  it  is  sent  in  clubs  of  4 
or  more  at  25  cents  a  year. 


Page 
Page 


Page  3. 
Page  4- 
Page  5, 
Page  6. 
Page  7. 
Page  8. 
Page  9. 


Page  10. 

Page  II.- 
Page  1  Z.- 
Page 1  S.- 
Page U.- 
Page IS.- 
Page  l(i.- 


CONTENTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER. 

-The  Farmer's  Home  Garden,  (.'iiiiing  theSeed. 

-Golden  Opportunities  in  tlie  South.  Pump- 
kins. Notes  on  May  number.  Our  Dreadfd 
Visitor.    The  Southern  Fever  Again. 

-Working  in  the  Dark.    Kitchen  Slops. 

-The  Arkansas  Apple.    Fruit  Notes. 

-Fruit  Notes  (continued). 

-Our  Flower  Garden. 

-Our  Flower  Garden  (continued). 

-Live  Stock. 

-The  Space  Required  for  Lartre  Numbers,  The 
C'*ipiiul  Required.  The  Wyandottes.  Pack- 
ing Eggs  for  Winter  Use.  "Poultry  Scratch- 
in  gs. 

-Summer  In  the  Country.  Cousin  Phebe.  To 
spend  the  Summer.  Light  Eiscult.  A  Poor 
Topic  for  Conversation. 

-Odds  and  £nds. 

-Editorial  Comment. 

-Clippings. 

-Correspondence. 

-Humorous. 

-A  Collection. 


These  prices  include 
the  Farm  and  Garden 

American  Agriculturiiit,     .  %\.2b 

Arthur's  Home   Magazine,  I.7» 

Breeder's  Gazette.      .     .     .  2.35 

■Carpciilry  and  Building.  .  1.00 

Cpnlurv  Mucii^ine.    .     .     .  3.85 

Chicagn  Weekly  N.w«,  .     ,  l/iO 
Cultivatnr     and     Country 

CentliMiH-n ".  2.55 

Dcmorfits   Monthly,     .     .  1.85 

Farmer  "  Manazine 50 

Farm  Journnl 60 

Farmer  K  Review 1.35 

Golden  Argosy 1.6ft 


the  paper   named,  and 


Green's  Fruit  Orower,  . 
tlarper  a  Mawazine.  .  . 
Home  and  Farm,    .     .     . 

Housohiild. 

New  York  Tribune,  .  . 
Poultry  Ke.per,       .     .     . 

I'oullry  World 

Purdv^i  Fruit  Recwrder, 
Rural  New  Vorlt.-r.  .  . 
Saturday  ICvenJii^  Post. 
Tribune  and  Farmer.  . 
Vlck's  Monthly.  .  .  . 
Youth'!!  Companion,    %l.t 


t0.-»5 


1.05 


GDIlFOr?IAIi    ©OMMENIP.. 


June.  "Learn  to  Labor  and  to  wait.'*— (/<07tf//f7- 
lou:)  The  farmer  has  learned,  and  Is  accustomed 
to  work.  For  weeks  and  months  past  he  1ms 
X)ecn  plowing  and  liarnnvinji  and  seeding.  He 
has  been  out  in  tlie  rli-ld  early  and  qnithis  work 
late.  But  now  the  plantinu:  season  is  over.  IT 
he  has  done  his  work  intctlic;ently,— whicii  we 
expect  of  all  readers  of  the  Fa  km  and  <'»ardkn,— 
done  It  thoroughly  and  in  proper  sea.son,  iic  has 
done  liis  part  towards  a  final  result,  such  as  lie 
deserves.  Then  he  can  wuil  for  his  reward  pji- 
tiently  and  without  worry,  but  with  an  iin|>licit 
and  eliild-like  trust  in  the  great  goodness  of  our 
mother  Nature  and  in  the  blessing  of  the  Supreme 
Being.  For  as  sure  as  there  uas  a  seed-time  there 
will  be  a  harvest. 

And  while  thus  waiting  and  trusting,  he  has 
no  time  for  idleness-  June  is  tlio  chief  montli  of 
weeds,  and  they  are.  like  bad  liabjts,  Iiard  to 
eradicate  wlien  once  firmly  established.  Stay 
them  with  harrow,  cultivator,  wlieel-hoe,  hand- 
hoe,  plow,  witli  fingers  and  weeflers,— any  way 
you  can,  but  kill  them,  and  kill  ttu-m  in  infancy. 

Rest  is  a  powerful  invigorator  for  tlic  hard- 
working farmer.  Let  it  be  as  perfect  as  the  work. 
Your  mind  should  be  at  ease  and  free  from  cares. 
Only  then  can  you  enjoy  t!ie  fullest  benefits  from 
rest . 

But  the  plow  that  rests  will  rust,  and  the  fanner 
whose  tools  are  kept  rusty  for  an  improper 
length  of  time,  will  "bust."  Coal  oil  is  said  to 
keep  plow  shares,  cultivator  blades,  etc.,  from 
rusting.  Frequent  use  will  do  it  better,  and  the 
cultivator  must  not  be  resting  too  long  at  a  time. 

"VS'lien  done  with  plow,  harrow,  corn  marker, 
etc.,  put  them  under  shelter.  Do  not  let  them 
lay  in  the  fence  corner  or  on  top  of  the  fence. 

Keep  your  eye  on  the  stock  in  the  pasture  lot. 
■Oive  them  salt  occasionally  or  rather,  regularly. 
Teach  your  horses  and  uolts  to  come  to  you  when 
j'ou  call  them. 

Keep  your  garden  free  from  weeds,  and  well 
•cultivated.  Buy  a  wheel-hoe  now,  if  you  have 
none. 

It  will  pay  you  to  irrigate  your  garden  if  you 
■have  the  water  facilities. 

Fill  out  vacancies  in  the  garden  as  soon  as 
they  occur.  Plant  lettuce,  radish,  cabbage,  tur- 
nips, cucumbers,  etc.  Thin  out  and  transplant 
beets.    Have  every  available  space  utilized. 

Celery  for  early  fall  use  may  be  planted  the 
latter  part  of  this  month. 

Be  careful  with  fire;  with  pipes  and  matches 
around  barns  and  straw  stacks  during  the  dry 
■fieason. 

You  want  nice,  bright  hay  for  next  winter. 
3Iake  it  in  season  and  while  (tie  .ntn  xhines.  The 
best  time  to  cut  grass  is  when  In  full  bloom,  or 
-very  little  later. 


Prepare  for  the  drought  that  is  pretty  sure  to 
come  some  time  dviring  the  season.  Pasture  will 
be  short  during  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  or 
fall  months.  Plant  some  sort  of  fodder  crop. 
Sweet  corn  is  excellent.  Plant  Stowell's  Ever- 
green in  rows  three  and  one-half  feet  apart,  and 
quite  thickly  in  the  rows,  say  six  or  eight  plants 
to  the  foot.  It  is  generally  not  worth  while  to 
sow  corn  broadcast.  In  order  to  obtain  gratify- 
ing results,  fodder  corn  needs  cultivation  as 
much  or  nearly  as  much  as  tlie  common  corn 
crop.  When  grown  in  cultivated  rows  and  on 
good  soil,  you  can  raise  not  only  a  large  crop  of 
splendid  green  fodder,  which  will  increase  the 
flow  of  milk  wonderfully  auring  the  shortage  of 
pasture,  but  also  a  large  amount  of  ears  for  dry- 
ing or  feeding  purposes. 

If  you  have  more  than  you  want— and  very 
likely  you  will  if  you  plant  a  large  patch— take 
it  to  your  nearest  evaporating  establishment.  It 
is  generally  in  good  demand  at  a  price  which 
makes  the  production  of  it  very  profitable.  We 
can  always  find  sale  for  sweet  corn  in  the  husk 
at  thirty  cents  a  bushel  in  our  neighborhood. 
Tlie  ears  thus  pay  for  all  expenses  and  more, 
leaving  tlie  fodder  as  clear. 

Where  preferred,  Early  Minnesota  Amber  Su- 
gar Cane  may  be  grown  for  fodder  purposes. 

Hungarian  grass  not  only  makes  a  fine  green 
fodder,  but  also  a  splendid  hay.  It  should  not 
be  sown  bciore  the  soil  has  become  thoroughly 
warmed  through.  In  more  southern  latitudes  it 
maybe  planted  on  good  soil  after  the  wheat  is 
harvested.  I'se  about  three  pecks  of  seed  to  the 
acre.  There  is  no  use  in  sowing  it  on  ;wor.soi]. 
Cut  and  feed  or  cure  lus  soon  as  the  heads  are  well 
out.  Horses  and  cows  are  very  fond  of  it.  Even 
the  coarsest  i»art  of  the  hay  Is  eaten  with  evident 
relish.  Do  not  neglect  to  provide  for  the  future 
by  planting  one  or  the  other  of  these  crops,  we 
beg  of  you.  

A  crop  of  400  bushels  of  potatoes  will  remove 
from  the  soil  4li  pounds  ctf  phosphoric  acid,  1115  ! 
pounds  of  potash,  and  104  pounds  of  nitrogen,  or  j 
thereal>outs,  while  .SO  bushels  of  corn  remove  49  \ 
pounds  of  phosphoric  acid,  I.'W  pounds  of  potash, 
and  9H  pounds  of  nitrogen. 

It  appears,  therefore,  that  one  bushel  of  corn 
requires  about  as  much  raw  material  as  eight 
bushels  of  potatoes,  yet  the  price  of  one  bushel 
of  the  latter  not  only  equals  but  exceeds  that  of 
one  bushel  of  tlie  former. 

M'e  consider  the  price  generally  paid  for  the 
tubers  far  in  excess  of  what  they  are  actually 
wtirth  as  an  article  of  food,  and  certainly  one 
tliat  makes  potato  growing  a  very  profitable 
business  for  the  farmer  engaged  In  it,  provided 
he  knows  how  to  proceed. 

We  came  across  the  following  Item  in  a  Wash- 
ington dally:—  i 

"  Washington,  April  KUli.  Market  Master  Bnell 
repi^rts  that  the  sale  of  oleomargarine  cannot  be 
prevented.     The  imitation  butter  proves  better 
and  cheaper  than  much  of  the  genuine  article,  : 
and  a  conviction  under  the  health  ordinance  is  ! 
almost  impossible,"  j 

There  is  the  rub.    "Better  and  cheaper  than  ' 
much  of  the  genuine  article! !"    The  remedy  is  , 
in  the  farmer's  hand,  and  is  said  in  two  words—  I 
good  butter.    Such  can  be  made  cheapest  and  to 
the  V>esl   advantage    by  co-operation.      Let  the  | 
farmers  of  one  and  every  neighborhood  erect  a  ' 
suitable  structure  for  a  creamery,  centrally  lf>-  ; 
cated.    Supply  it  with  all  the  necessary  appara- 
tus, hire  a  first-cla-ss,  experienced  butter  maker, 
and  deliver  all  their  milk  daily  to  this  factory. 
In  this  way  gilt-edged  butter  can  be  made  much 
cheaper  than  each    farmer   with  three  or  four 
cows  can  produce  it  at  home. 

Good  butter,  and  a  full  supply  of  it,  will  soon 
drive  the  oleomargarine  and  other  slaughter- 
house butter  to  the  wall.  Inferior  butter  will 
nei-er  do  it,  even  with  the  ai^sistanee  of  severe 
legislation.    What  say  you? 

If  we  aim  to  grow  a  four  hundred-bushel  crop 
of  potatoes  to  the  acre,  we  must  supply  the  ma- 
nurial  elements  which  that  crop  removes.  How 
to  do  that,  and  do  it  the  cheapest,  is  the  question. 

The  green  clover  on  one  acre,  which  would 
make  one  ton  of  hay,  and  the  clover  roots,  eight 
tons  in  all,  contain  about  26  pounds  of  phos- 
phoric acid,  70  pounds  of  potash,  and  112  pounds 
of  nitrogen.  Now  then,  turn  under  a  good  stand 
of  clover,  either  in  fall  or  spring.  Thus  you  fur- 
nish more  than  enough  nitrogen,  the  most  costly 
of  the  elements,  for  a  four  hundred-bushel  crop 
of  potatoes.  All  you  would  have  to  add,  in  order 
to  have  a  sufficiency  of  available  plant-food  for  I 
the  manufacture  of  that  four  hundred-bushel  ■ 
crop,  is  17  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid  and  65 
pounds  of  potash  per  acre.  | 

One  hundred  pounds  of  superphosphate  of 
lime  and  li'iO  pounds  of  kainit  (or  a  correspond- 
ing amount  of  muriate  or  sulphate  of  potash) 
will  supply  the  deficiency  at  the  trifiing  expense 
of  less  than  $4.00  per  acre.     From  these  state- 


ments it  also  appears  why  potash  (and-  phos- 
phoric acid  next)  is  considered  a  specific  manure 
for  the  potato  crop. 

If  the  raw  material  is  to  be  supplied  wholly  by 
the  application  of  barn-yard  manure,  14  two- 
horse  loads  (of  one  ton  each)  of  mixed  nnd  well- 
decomposed  stable  dung  will  furnish  'Mi  pounds 
of  phosphoric  acid,  140  pounds  of  potash,  and  126 
pounds  of  nitrogen,  or  more  than  sufficient  for  a 
four  liundred-bushel  crop.  Each  farmer  must 
decide  for  himself  which  method  of  manuring 
is  the  cheapest  for  him. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed,  however,  that  the  ap- 
plication of  that  quantity  of  manure — of  clover 
and  chemicals,  will  insure  &ufh  a  large  crop.  The 
plantation  needs  considerable  coaxing  besides. 
Like  a  cow  giving  milk,  the  field  responds  liber- 
ally to  kind  and  judicious  treatment. 


The  wheat  crop  in  Virginia  is  a  sorry  sight  in- 
deed. We  would  not  expect  more  than  half  a 
crop,  unless  eacii  plant,  having  plenty  of  space 
for  tillering,  will  verify  the  soundness  of  the 
doctrines  of  those  who  advocate  Hghfc  seeding. 
Here  is  a  chance  for  making  converts.  We  shall 
watch  the  development  of  these  wheat  fields  this 
month  (May)  with  great  interest. 


The  wi<se  farmer  has  kept  and  taken  care  of  his 
sheep.  The  wool  money  will  come  handy.  It 
will  be  plain  enough,  after  a  time,  that  the  tarifiT 
has  not  so  much  to  do  with  the  price  of  wool,  and 
that  tlie  heated  discussions,  etc.,  which,  iuring 
the  "sun-stroke"  days  of  last  season,  filled  so 
many  columns  of  the  agricultural  papers,  have 
been,  like  purely  political  debates,  entirely  fruit-' 
less.  The  wool  grower  need  not  see  ghosts  nor 
be  afraid  of  his  own  shadow. 


The  shearer  should  not  be  allowed  to  maltreat 
the  sheep  because  it  does  not  cry  out.  We  like 
tiuick  and  skillful  work  at  the  business  of  shear- 
ing, but  we  protest  against  the  practice  of 
"  racing  it  "  between  the  hands.  No  matter  how 
willing  the  patient  animals  may  be  to  part  with 
their  wool,  thei/  need  their  own  ^kin.  At  least,  the 
removal  of  each  particle  under  the  jaws  of  the 
sliears  is  exceedingly  painful  to  them.  Be  mer- 
ciful. 

should  cold  storms  follow  closely  upon  the  ope- 
ration of  shearing,  the  animals  should  be  shel- 
tered for  a  while  until  they  get  accustomed  to 
the  loss  dt'  their  winter  garments. 


We  are  glad  to  see  Col.  Nortnan  J.  Colman,  of 
the  Rural  World,  at  the  head  of  the  Agricultural 
I)ei)artnient  in  Washington.  We  know  him  by 
reputation  and  by  his  writings,  not  i)ersona!!y, 
but  wr  consider  him  a  practical  man,  and  expect 
him  to  inaugurate  the  reforms  needed  in  the 
Department. 

Mr.  Colman  is  an  enthusiast  on  the  question 
of  sorghum  sugar.  We  al.so  believe  that  we  shall 
yet  see  the  time  when  all  the  sugar  consumed  in 
America  will  be  pi'oduced  at  homo.  We  have 
that  much  faith  in  the  superiority  of  American 
soil  and  climate  and  in  the  skill,  progressiveness, 
and  pluck  of  our  farmers.  It  only  takes  time 
and  perseverance.  Home  was  not  built  in  one 
day,  and  it  has  taken  millions  of  dollars  and 
long  years  of  experimenting  to  put  the  sugar 
industry  of  Europe  on  its  present  footing.  Amer- 
ica will  yet  catch  up  with  all  her  rivals  and  com- 
petitors. 

Mr.  Colman,  we  believe,  has  a  good  deal  of 
that  "  horse  sense  "  so  rare  and  so  much  needed 
at  present,  and  we  hardly  fear  that  he  will  follow 
Mr.  Le  Due's  example,  and  be  one  of  them,  of 
whon\  the  advocates  of  home-grown  sugar  might 
pray,  "Lord  protect  us  from  our  friends." 

The  Agricultural  Department  of  the  future 
must  be  an  altogether  different  affair  from  the 
Department  of  the  past,  Mr.  Colman  has  had 
ample  opportunity  to  see  its  deficiencies  and  will 
try  to  remedy  them,  no  doubt. 

At  all  events,  we  want  reliable  infonnaiion,  not 
packets  of  convolvulus  major,  Lattyrus  odorat 
and  of  such  flower  seeds,  as— according  to  Home 
and  Farm—Q.re  not  even  worthy  of  the  distinction 
of  a  common  English  name.  Give  us  informa- 
tion and  leave  the  seed  business  to  the  seedsmen. 


The  Ohio  Farmer  speaks  of  "rich  soil  and 
thorough  culture,"  which  they  contend  will 
make  the  one-eye  system  a  success.  "The  care- 
less, don't-care  farmer  had  better  stick  to  the 
whole  tubers  or  the  old  system  of  cutting."  Yes  ; 
rich  soil;  there  is  the  rub.  On  rich^oW  you  can 
raise  almost  anything,  and  large  crops  without 
much  difficulty. 

It  seems  to  us  that  the  chief  question  is  this: — 
Which  is  the  most  profitable  distance  between 
the  hills  in  the  rows,  0,  12,  15,  or  18  inches?  Is  it 
more  profitable  to  multiply  the  number  of  hills 
with  less  tuber  in  each,  or  to  have  fewer  hills 
and  a  greater  yield  in  each  ? 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'a 


(iLIPPINGS. 


It  is  our  desire  to  make  these  so  full  and  varied  that  every 

reader  of  the  Yaru  AtiD  Garden,  eve  a  though  lie  takes 

no  other  paper  can  feel  in  a  measure  acquainted 

xvith  all  the  leading  publications. 


From  "  National  Poultry  Monthly,'^  Springfield,  Ohio. 
STIMULATING  FOOD. 
There  are  some  who  will  tell  you  the  wild  gallinaceous 
birds  feed  on  fragrant  berries,  carminative  seeds  and 
spices,  having  more  or  less  stimulating  properties. 
True,  the  wild  turkey  plucks  the  buds  of  the  sage  bush, 
the  Aromatic  Vinago  Pigeon,  Pbasinella  and  Oceanic 
Fruit  Pigeons  Cigana,  Penelope,  Palmeadaand  Jungle 
lowls  feed  much  ou  tropical  fruits  and  spices.  Under 
domestication  fowls  require  nutritious  food,  with  a  little 
seasoning  once  in  a  while,  to  give  relish.  Any  simple 
condiment  like  ginger,  or  pepper,  is  stimulating  and 
helps  to  make  them  thrifty,  but  they  should  not  be  fed 
on  such  quantity  as  would  cause  undue  action  iu  the 
system,  but  merely  to  "  tone  up."  If  fowls  are  fed  in 
this  way  there  is  no  reason  to  expect  they  will  keep  in 
good  condition  and  make  themselves  valuable  to  their 
keepers.  

JiVcwi  "  Gardeners'  Monthly,"  Philadelphia. 

ONE    HUNDRED    BUSHELS    OF   APPLES    FROM 
ONE    TREE. 


In  the  Gardeners'  Monthly  lor  December  some  one 
mentions  the  case  of  an  apple  tree  bearing  forty-three 
bushels  of  apples  in  one  year,  and  asks  for  record  of 
a  larger  yield. 

I  would  call  to  your  notice  a  tree  in  Cheshire,  Connec- 
ticut, belonging  to  Mr.  Delos  Hotchkiss.  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  the  largest  apple  tree  in  New  England.  In 
1880,  when  I  measured  it,  it  had  eight  large  branches, 
each  of  them  as  large  as  an  ordinary  full-grown  apple 
tree.  The  spread  of  these  branches  is  six  rods;  five  of 
them  in  one  year  have  borne  eighty-five  bushels  of  fruit 
since  Mr.  Hotchkiss  owned  the  place,  and  his  predeces- 
sor had  over  one  hundred  bushels  in  one  year  from  the 
same  five  branches,  which  had  a  habit  of  bearing  one 
year  and  the  other  three  the  next. 


From  "Breeders  QazetU,'^  Chicago.  IlL 

It  Is  announced  that  agents  of  the  British  Government 
made  a  contract  last  week  with  Armour  &  Co.,  of  this 
city,  for  5,400,000  pounds  of  canned  meats,  and  that  on 
Monday  of  this  week  a  <-ontract  was  made  with  the 
Fairbank  Canning  Company  for  3,800,000 pounds,  making 
a  total  of  9,250.000  pounds,  all  supposed  to  be  designed 
Jor  the  British  army.  This  immense  order  has  s«me 
significance  in  its  relation  to  the  probabilities  of  war  on 
a  large  scale  in  Africa,  in  support  of  British  authority 
against  the  followers  of  the  "false  prophet,.'  or  in  Asia 
in  opposing  the  Russian  advance  beyond  the  alleged 
Afghanistan  frontier,  but  it  has  an  especial  bearing 
upon  the  relation  this  country  sustains  and  must  con- 
tinue to  sustain  toward  Great  Britain  in  the  matter  of 
food  supply,  and  more  especially  so  when  the  peace  ef 
Europe  is  threatened.  In  times  of  profound  peace  even, 
the  British  people  find  this  country  the  chief  reliance 
for  meat  supply,  while  in  case  of  anything  like  a  general 
European  war,  the  American  store-house  will  become 
well-nigh  Indispensable  to  them. 


From  "Farm  Journal,"  Philadelphia. 

HOW  A  YANKEE  WOMAN  MADE  GOOD  CH  EESE. 


I  used  to  make  cheese  the  storekeepers  liked  to  buy 
and  everybody  liked  to  eat.  Our  dairy  was  small,  and 
they  were  made  iu  a  simple  way,  just  as  mother  made 
them.  We  thought  a  great  deal  of  cheese  in  those  days, 
and  it  seems  to  me  that  it  was  not  so  sharp  and  indigesti- 
ble as  it  is  now.  There  is  too  much  hurry  now-a-days, 
and  the  cheese  is  spoiled  by  too  much  rennet,  to  get  it 
quick  and  get  it  out  of  the  way  as  soon  as  possible,  We 
used  to  take  all  day  for  one  cheese  to  come  and  drain 
off,  and  all  of  this  time  it  was  getting  better,  or.  as  they 
say  now,  "  ripening,"  and  that  means,  I  suppose,  getting 
to  be  real  cheese.  The  hurried-up  stuff  Is  only  partial 
cheese— green— and  it  gets  strong  and  is  not  good.  You 
cannot  ma^-c  cheese  after  it  is  put  into  the  press  no  more 
than  you  can  make  butter  after  it  goes  into  the  bowl. 
What  is  there  is  there,  good  or  bad. 

The  rennet  is  the  stomach  of  the  calf,  saved  while  it  Is 
living  on  milk.  It  is  dried  In  salt,  and  when  wanted  for 
use  it  Is  soaked  in  salt  and  water,  and  the  juice  is  used  to 
make  the  curd  for  the  cheese.  Soak  one  rennet  in  two 
quarts  of  water,  and  take  a  tablespoonful  of  this  liquor 
for  twelve  quarts  of  milk.  We  used  to  make  double- 
curd  cheese,  and  use  the  night's  milk.  The  rennet  was 
put  In  a^i  soon  as  the  milk  came  in,  and  the  curd  care- 
fully dipped  out  Into  a  cloth  and  put  into  a  basket  to 
drain  off.  in  a  cool  place.  In  the  morning  this  curd 
would  be  ready  to  mix  with  the  other  curd  when  it  was 
prepared.  The  curd  will  come  in  the  milk  in  ten  cr 
fifteen  minutes  after  the  rennet  is  put  in.  It  should 
then  be  cut  Into  small  squares  with  a  case  knife,  so  care- 
fully as  not  to  break  the  curd.  Dip  out  thewhej',  and 
do  not  let  the  curd  or  whey  get  sour,  or  you  will  have  a 
soft  and  rank  cheese.  The  whey  should  be  heated  as 
hot  as  one  could  bear  his  hand  in  it— about  ninety  de- 
grees or  a  little  more,  and  poured  upon  the  curd.  When 
too  hot,  the  cheese  will  be  hard  and  dry. 


When  the  curd  has  a  squeaky  feeling  or  pulls  out 
stringy,  it  is  just  right.  The  curd  should  then  be  put  in 
a  doth  to  drain.  When  drained,  put  it  into  a  chopping 
bowl,  with  the  curd  of  the  night  before,  and  chop  it 
fine;  put  a  small  teacupful  of  salt  to  twelve  pounds  of 
curd,  and  put  it  into  the  press.  Squeeze  gradually  at 
first,  and  increase  th^e  pressure  until  the  press  is  re- 
quired for  the  next  cheese.  A  cloth  bandage  should  be 
put  around  the  cheese,  and  it  must  be  turned  and  rubbed 
every  day.  Rub  with  butter,  and  keep  in  a  cool,  dark 
place.  Asa  general  average,  nine  pounds  of  milk  will 
make  one  pound  of  cheese.  The  richer  the  milk  the 
less  required.  The  pressure  should  be  enough  to  force 
out  all  of  the  whey  or  there  will  he  putrid  spots  in  the 
cheese  where  cells  of  it  are  retained,  and  these  make 
bad-smelling  and  tasting  cheese.  More  might  be  said  if 
I  had  the  space.  We  ought  to  make  cheese  iu  dog  days. 
At  night  take  the  cheese  out  of  the  press  and  turn  it. 


From  "  Western  Farmer,"  Moline,  III. 

THE    DUCK    QUESTION. 

Again  must  we  call  the  attention  of  breeders  to  the 
profit  in  ducks,  when  properly  cared  for  and  when  there 
are  facilities  at  hand  for  breeding  thehi  properly.  Many 
a  farmer  has  realized  far  more  from  breeding  ducks 
than  he  would  obtam  from  his  chickens,  for  they  are 
very  hardy,  and  lay  remarkably  well  during  some  parts 
of  the  season.  As  soon  as  they  commence  to  lay,  the 
eggs  should  be  carefully  gathered  and  put  away.  As 
soon  as  a  hen  (not  a  duck)  wants  to  sit,  set  her  with 
duck  eggs,  and  let  her  hatch  and  care  for  the  brood  until 
they  are  able  to  care  for  themselves.  A  hen  will  care 
for  a  brood  of  ducklings  far  better,  ordinarily,  than  will 
an  old  duck.  If  the  ducks  think  they  have  laid  enough 
eggs,  and  show  unmistakable  signs  of  wanting  to  sit, 
put  them  into  a  convetnent  coop  and  put  one  of  your 
most  vigorous  young  drakes  with  them,  and  they  will 
soon  be  willing  to  shell  out  eggs  again,  which  should  he 
set  under  hens  as  fast  as  convenient,  so  aa  to  bring  as 
many  out  at  a  time  as  possible,  thereby  lessening  the 
cost  of  attending  to  them.  A  shallow  tub,  Kept  well 
filled  wiih  water,  will  afford  plenty  of  bathing  room  for 
the  ducklinpa  until  th«y  are  two  or  three  months  old,  or 
perhaps  longer.         

From  "Aynerican  Agriculturist"  New  York. 
NUT-BEARING    TREES. 

The  time  Is  not  far  distant  when  tree  planters  will 
take  the  fruit  of  forest  trees  into  consideration  In  mak- 
ing selections  for  planting.  Chestnut  and  Hickories, 
and  Pecan  and  English  Walnut  In  southern  localities 
should  pay  a  good  rent  upon  the  land  for  a  number  of 
years  before  they  are  converted  Into  timber.  Most 
bovs  arc  aware  that  some  hickory  and  chestnut  trees 
produce  nuts  larger,  sweeter,  thinner  shelled,  or  in 
some  particular  superior  to  the  average.  The  variation 
in  the  nuts  is  sometimes  strongly  marktd.  In  the  se- 
lection of  nuts  for  plan  ling,  some  care  and  even  expense 
devoted  to  securing  the  choicest  obtainable  varieties  are 
likely  to  be  rewarded  when  the  trees  come  into  bearing. 

One  of  the  most  distinct  and  valuable  varieties  that 
has  ever  been  brought  to  our  notice  is  the  "Hale's  Paper 
Shell  Hickory  Nut."  We  first  became  acquainted  with 
this  variety  some  tifleen  years  ago:  and  the  next  season 
described  It  under  the  above  name.  It  is  a  variety  of 
the  common  Shell-bark  Hickory,  and  the  tree  is  now 
growing,  with  several  others  of  the  same  species,  near 
the  Saddle  River,  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  H.  Hales,  about 
two  miles  east  of  Ridgewood,  Bergen  County,  N.  J.  The 
tree  Is  a  large  one,  and  produces  a  fair  crop  of  nuts  an- 
nually. The  general  appearance  of  this  nut  Is  quite 
similar  to  some  of  the  varieties  of  the  English  walnut, 
the  surface  being  broken  up  into  small  depressions  In- 
stead ot  angles  and  corrugations,  as  usually  seen  in  the 
large  varieties  of  the  Shell-barks. 


Fr(ym  "  Western  Rural,"  C/iicago,  Pi. 

WHEY    AND    OIL    MEAL    FOR    CALVES. 

We  are  asked  by  a  correspondent  if  oil  meal  and  whey 
are  as  good  for  a  calf  aa  milk,  and  how  to  mix  the  meal 
and  whey.  We  suppose  it  can  hardly  be  said  that  any- 
thing is  as  good  as  milk.  Or  more  properly  speaking,  it 
can  hardly  be  said  that  a  mixture  equal  to  milk  Is  ever 
compounded,  though  there  niight  be.  We  refer  to  young 
calves.  After  a  comparatively  short  time,  there  are 
foods  that  are  better  than  milk.  Whej'  has  a  considerar 
ble  feeding  value.  The  following  Is  the  analysis  :  Water 
93.02:  butter (pHre  fat),  .33;  albuminous  compounds  (con- 
taining nitrogen)  .97:  milk,  sugar,  and  lactic  acid,  4.98; 
mineral  matter  (ash),  .70.  The  ash,  it  will  be  seen,  is 
large,  nearly  as  much  as  In  whole  milk.  The  albumi- 
nous matter  is  nearly  one  per  cent.  Now.  if  you  will 
replace  the  oil  that  has  been  taken  away  In  the  cream 
and  add  the  phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia,  sulphur,  soda, 
etc.,  that  have  been  taken  away  in  cheese  making,  we 
shall  have  made  it  pretty  n^-arly  as  good  as  natural 
milk,  and  made  an  appropriate  food  for  growing  calves. 
There  is  no  single  food  equal  to  oil  meal  that  can  be 
added  to  whey.  It  ei*ntalns  about  twenty-eight  per 
cent,  of  muscle-forming  food,  and  that  is  what  the  whey 
most  lacks.  It  also  contains  about  ten  per  cent,  of  oil, 
another  deficiency  in  the  whey.  It  has  also  considera- 
ble lime,  magnesia,  potash,  soda,  etc.,  which  the  calf 
needs  for  bone  formation.  Dissolve  a  quarter  of  a  pound 


of  oil  meal  in  hot  whey  and  add  it  to  a  gallon  of  whey; 
it  will  make  good  food  for  a  calt  ten  days  or  two  weeks 
old.  When  the  calf  is  three  or  four  weeks  old,  add  a 
quarter  ol  a  pound  of  wheat  bran,  ground  oats,  or  bar- 
ley to  each  gallon  of  whey. 


F'om  "  Pural  New  Yorker,"  New  York. 

If  we  look  around  and  consider  the  results  of  all  the 
exaggerated  and  senseless  excitement  in  regard  to  con- 
tagious disease  of  our  live  stock,  we  shall  see  the  enor- 
mous losses  which  have  been  inflicted  upon  our  business, 
with  foreign  countries.  Our  trade  In  provisions  haa 
largely  gone  into  other  hands,  and  the  absurd  cry  about 
diseased  meats  has  been  made  the  excuse  for  loading 
our  products  with  heavy  tariffs.  The  large  business  we- 
might  have  done  in  shipping  live  feeding  cuttle  abroad 
has  been  entirely  presented,  and  our  live  stock  interest 
has  lost  millions  of  dollars  annually.  As  an  instance, 
let  me  give  the  following  figures  :  A  lot  ot  417  steers,  av- 
eraging about  1200  pounds  each,  was  sold  last  fall,  at 
Omaha,  to  a  gentlemon  who  is  engaged  in  feeding  sucli 
cattle,  for  about  $49  per  bead.  The  same  kind  of  cattle 
were  worth  in  England,  at  that  time,  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, about  ^.  If  we  could  ship  sucli  animals  abroad 
and  supply  the  large  demand,  which  this  price  Indicates,, 
it  would  be  a  profitable  business.  But  our  stock  is  looked 
upon  abroad  as  reeking  with  all  the  diseases  imagina- 
ble, and  is  forbidden  entry  in  foreign  ports  ;  while  at  the 
same  lime  it  Is  the  healthiest  iu  the  world.  This  is  the 
serious  part  of  the  business;  the  farce  of  it  is  the  con- 
stant Investigating  business ;  the  highly  sensational  and 
chromo-lithographed  reports  of  the  doctors,  and  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  which  have  been  spent 
among  veterinary  doctors  who  would  otherwise  have 
found  no  use  for  their  talents. 


Prwn  "  Poultry  Keeper,"  Chicago,  HI. 
MINKS. 
Unluckily  for  me  I  am  not  a  millionaire,  hence  this 
letter.  If  I  were  one  of  the  above-named  lucky  mor- 
tals. I  think  I  would  proceed  to  hire  a  correspondent 
clerk  and  invest  in  a  few  paper  and  envelope  mills  Im- 
mediately. For,  since  you  published  my  letter,  offering 
to  give  any  one  my  method  of  dealing  with  minks, 
weasels,  etc.  the  letters  have  poured  in  from  every  di- 
rection, until  I  have  finished  my  education  In  writing 
lessons  and  exhausted  humanity  calls  for  a  relaxation. 
It  Is  surprising  how  many  poultrymen  are  bothered  by 
the  above-named  peat  of  the  poultry  yard.  I  hasten  ta 
Implore  you  to  publlsli  the  following  plan  for  destroying 
these  enemies  of  poultry  :— 

Get  wide  boards  and  place  all  around  the  inside  of 
your  yard  (or  on  the  side  the  minks  enter),  leaning 
against  your  yard  fence  and  about  six  inches  out  from 
the  bottom,  so  as  to  leave  a  "run"  behind.  Place  the 
boards  butt  to  butt,  making  close  joints,  and  at  inter- 
vals of  two  or  three  boards  make  a  small  hole,  opening 
into  the  yard  under  the  edge  as  above.  Directly  behind 
these  holes  place  your  trap  (I  use  number  two,  single 
spring  '  Newhouse"  steel  trap),  covering  it  well. 

Covering  your  trap  is  very  particular.  Make  a  hole 
just  deep  enough  to  leave  your  trap  level  with  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground,  then  cover  the  jaws  and  springs 
with  sawdust  or  light  earth,  making  everything  look 
natural ;  drop  carelessly  a  dead  leaf  on  the  "pan"  so  as 
to  cover  it  well.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to  get  lumps 
of  earth  under  the  "pan." 

See  that  your  chain  is  fastened  firmly  or  you  will  lose 
your  trap.  Be  careful  and  not  make  your  holes  under 
the  boards  too  large,  or  some  inquisitive  bird  will  get  its 
neck  squeezed. 

The  above  Is  the  best  plan  I  know  of,  fcr  your  traps 
can  remain  "set"  both  night  and  day,  without  danger  to 
the  fowls.  A  mink  or  weasel  will  not  climb  over  the 
boards  when  they  can  travel  on  the  ground  or  under. 

When  the  above  plan  cannot  be  carried  out,  as  In  the 
case  with  an  open  yard,  try  this:- 

Around  the  fowl  house  make  piles  of  roots,  rubbish, 
sticks,  etc.,  say  three  or  four,  and  so  arrange  them  as  t& 
leave  a  small  hole  in  each.  Set  your  trap  Just  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  holes,  and  cover  well.  Put  a  few  drops  of 
the  following  oil  just  beyond  the  trap— about  a  foot  or  so: 
Take  trout,  minnows,  or  eels  and  cut  fine,  put  Into  a 
bottle  lightly  corked  ;  hang  this  in  the  sun  for  three 
weeks,  when  an  oil  is  formed  by  decomposition.  Minks 
will  leave  your  hens  to  follow  up  this  scent.  Care  should 
be  taken  to  spring  your  traps  every  morning. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  do  not  know  what  is 
working  among  their  birds,  I  will  say  that  when  you  ga 
out  in  the  morning  to  feed,  and  find  your  precious 
charges  lying  In  heaps  all  over  the  house,  with  teeth 
marks  on  the  top  of  their  heads  and  bloody  wounds  ia 
the  neck  or  under  their  wings,  you  may  hk  sure  they 
are  mink  marks.  It  Is  surprising  how  many  fowls  they 
will  destroy  in  a  night.  Where  these  pests  abound  I 
think  the  poultry  house  should  be  several  inches  above 
ground,  and  made  tight.  Minks  will  go  through  a  hole 
not  larger  than  two  Inches  in  diameter. 

5f  r.  Editor,  you  have  published  cures  of  different  dis- 
eases among  poultry,  but  I  think  a  want  long  felt  is  a 
description  of  such  ailments,  so  simple  that  every  one 
can  tell  at  a  glance  what  ails  his  poultry.  Hope  you 
will  see  fit  to  publish  a  "description  of  ailments  among 
poultry"  at  some  future  time.— J?.  C.  Burdick,  Arthur^ 
Michigan 


'4 


THE     FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


^OI^I^ESPONDBNGE. 


LIVING    OUT. 


£v  a  Working  Mother. 


I  fully  agree  with  "Olive"  in  the  April  number 
of  the  Farm  and  Garden  concerning  help.  To 
me  the  question  has  often  arisen  why  American 
girls,  in  needy  circumstances,  will  prefer  stand- 
ing in  stores,  working  in  over-crowded  factories, 
In  fact,  do  almost  anything  in  preference  to 
house-work.  If  we  need  money  and  are  obliged 
to  earn  it,  what  matter  whether  we  gain  it  by 
cooking  a  dinner  or  elaborately  trimming  a  hat. 

True,  in  large  cities  where  servants  are  easily 
secured,  it  may  make  a  difference,  and  the  oc- 
cupation of  house-work,  in  its  fullest  sense,  is  apt 
to  be  looked  upon  as  degrading.  But  in  the 
country  there  are  plenty  of  desirable  places  for 
good  girls  where  they  are  well  treated  and  placed 
on  the  same  footing  as  other  members  of  the 
family ;  where  the  word  servant  is  ignored  and 
the  kindlier  term  of  help  is  always  used. 

There  are  many  overworked  mothers  who 
would  be  glad  to  have  help  whom  they  could 
treat  as  a  companion,  whom  they  could  trust 
with  their  children.  This  is  Just  what  Is  needed— 
a  better  educated  and  more  refined  class  of  girls; 
those  who  are  qualified  to  be  the  daily  compan- 
ions of  our  little  ones.  There  is  many  a  mother 
living  In  a  retired  country  home  who  would 
gladly  share  in  the  work  of  the  household  for 
the  privilege  of  having  some  one  with  her  who 
could  aid  and  instruct  her  children,  for  often 
there  is  no  school  near  and  no  way  of  securing 
an  instructress.  Let  me  give  you  an  Instance  in 
my  experience: 

A  young  friend  of  mine,  well  educated,  who 
had  studied  for  the  purpose  of  becoming  a 
teacher,  failed  in  securing  a  position  in  a  school. 
She  wrote  me  the  circumstances,  saying  she  did 
not  like  to  ask  her  father  to  support  her,  but 
wanted  to  do  for  herself,  and  knowing  that  I  had 
no  help,  would  I  take  her  at  the  ordinary  rate  of 
wages.  I  agreed,  and  she  came  and  staid  with 
me  a  year,  only  leaving  because  she  succeeded  in 
obtaining  a  lucrative  position  as  teacher  in  an 
academy.  Need  I  add  that  we  both  regretted 
the  parting,  and  both  felt  we  had  been  mutually 
benefitted?  Neither  do  I  imagine  she  felt  de- 
graded, because  when  she  takes  charge  of  a 
borne  of  her  own,  she  will  have  added  to  her 
other  accomplishments  a  practical  knowledge  of 
housekeeping. 

And  this  l)rlngs  out  another  thought.  Our 
bright  American  girls.  Just  on  the  threshold  of 
womanhood,  are  all  looking  forward  to  some 
day  in  the  future  when  they  can  really  have 
homes  of  their  own.  Tell  me,  will  you,  how 
many  of  them  who,  in  early  life,  have  been 
obliged  to  work  in  some  one  of  the  over-crowded 
occupations  of  a  large  city  for  the  means  of  sup- 
port, would  be  capable  of  taking  charge  of  homes 
of  their  own?  Could  they  cook  a  wholesome 
meal  or  bake  a  loaf  of  good  bread,  to  say  noth- 
ing of  preparing  those  dainty  desserts  that  give 
the  finC'Ort  touchings  to  a  meal  ? 

Girls,  there  is  plenty  to  do  for  those  who  wish 
to  do  it,  and  if  these  remarks  will  lead  you  to  do 
away  with  that  foolish  idea  of  degradarion,  so 
that  If  your  work  is  growing  dull,  you  may  seek 
homes  where  you  may  be  gaining  strength  and 
knowledge  that  will  be  of  good  service  to  you  in 
this  everyday-working  world,  we  will  be  coming 
very  near  to  the  solution  of  one  social  problem. 


A   HOT-HOUSE  AND   PORCUPINES. 


Although  it  Is  late  In  the  season,  perhaps  a 
description  of  my  impromptu  hot-bod  might  be 
interesting  to  some  of  the  readers  of  the  Farm 
AifD  Garden.  This  spring  I  sowed  tomato  seed, 
as  usual,  In  a  large  box  In  the  house,  but  wa« 
somewhat  disappointed  to  see  the  plants  growing 
tall  and  slender.  Noticing  one  day  that  the 
manure  heap  was  steaming,  I  asked  Alonzo  (I 
am  Philomela)  to  carry  the  box  down  there.  I 
then  covered  It  with  a  window,  and  behold,  my 
plants  are  stubbed  and  nice.  Every  day,  unless 
the  weather  is  freezing,  the  glass  is  taken  off  to 
keep  them  hardy.  The  tomatoes  started  out  so 
nicely  that  I  fixed  boxes  with  cabbage  and  flower 
seeds.  The  plants  are  doing  so  well  that  I  take 
Qvery  caller  to  see  them. 

The  other  day  a  stranger,  noticing  the  cabbage 
plants,  said  that  his  cabbage  was  very  nice  last 
year,  but  was  entirely  destroyed  by  the  green 
worm.  I  gave  him  my  remedy,  which  may  be 
new  to  some  of  your  readers.  Sprinkle  wheat 
bran  liberally  through  the  plants,  renewing  after 
every  rain.  It  saved  my  plants  two  years  ago, 
with  very  little  searching  and  killing  of  the  pest, 
and  last  j-ear  I  was  not  troubled. 

Last  week  the  dogs  came  in  with  their  noses 
fairly  bristling  with  porcupine  quills.  How  the 
poor  creatures  did  roll  and   claw  their  heads! 


Curly  had  evidently  been  there  before,  as  she 
went  up  to  Alonzo  and  whined,  showing  him 
her  nose.  He  told  her  to  lie  down,  and  called  for 
the  pincers.  He  held  her  while  I  pulled  out  as 
many  quills  as  1  could,  and  then  he  filled  her 
mouth  with  dry  ashes,  holding  it  shut  for  a  few 
moments.  I  said  "  how  cruel  you  are,"  and  got  a 
knowing  look  for  an  answer. 

Polka  would  not  hold  still  to  have  the  quills 
pulled  out,  and  was  only  treated  to  a  dose  of 
ashes.  The  quills  have  all  dropped  out  without 
any  serious  consequences,  and  Alonza  sftys  that 
it  was  the  ashes. 

"Humph!"  somebody  says,  "  who  does  not 
know  that  ashes  will  kill  porcupine  quills;  but 
what  has  that  to  do  with  farms  and  gardens?  " 

But  the  Farm  and  G.\RDEN  has  a  great  many 
readers,  and  some  of  them  will  not  know  any 
better  what  to  do  than  I  did  when  the  farm  dog 
gets  quills  in  his  mouth.  Philomela. 


WHAT   IS  WRONG  WITH  THE    INCUBATOR? 

Will  somebody  please  tell  mc  quickly,  through 
the  Farm  and  Garden,  what  is  wron^  with  our 
incubator?  We  have  a  Savidge  Hydro-Incuba- 
tor, made  after  specifications  sent  by  Farm  and 
Garden  last  summer.  We  have  set  it  four  times, 
and  have  never  had  more  than  a  very  small  per- 
centage of  live  chickens  from  the  number  of 
eggs  set.  The  first  time  it  was  very  cold  weather, 
and  we  had  hard  work  to  keep  up  the  required 
degree  of  heat.  On  the  twenty-second  day,  no 
chickens  appearing,  we  began  breaking  the  eggs, 
and  soon  found  a  live  chicken  that  would  not 
have  hatched  for  several  days  more.  We  put 
them  back  for  another  week,  and  at  the  end  of 
that  time  helped  out  the  only  two  chickens  that 
pipped  the  shell.  They  only  lived  a  short  time. 
Examination  of  the  eggs  showed  only  fifteen 
per  cent,  of  them  fertile,  only  two  of  which 
hatched.  Next  time  we  put  in  three  dozen  eggs, 
kept  the  heat  101°,  \IXV,  and  W2P  degrees  per  week 
and  hatched  out  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  fertile  eggs. 
In  the  rest  of  the  fertile  eggs  were  chickens  dead 
at  all  stages.  Tried  the  next  time  with  eighty 
eggs,  following  the  same  plan  as  before.  Hatched 
seventeen  chicks.  A  very  large  percentage  dead, 
as  before.  Fourth  time,  seventy-flve  eggs;  result, 
twelve  chicks. 

We  have  followed  Instructions  given  In  the 
Farm  and  Garden  as  closely  as  we  could,  never 
allowing  the  heat  to  go  below  9S°  nor  above  108° 
for  niore  than  a  very  short  time,  sprinkle  and 
turn  carefully  twice  a  day,  and  cool  once.  Hens 
set  the  same  day  or  one  or  two  days  later,  with 
eggs  taken  at  random  from  the  same  basket,  will 
bring  out  ninety  per  cent,  of  the  eggs.  The  eggs 
that  we  set  are  seldom  over  five  days  old. 

I  wish  somel>ody  would  give  his  experience 
with  this  Incubator,  whether  successful  or  un- 
successful, and  the  probable  cause  of  failure. 
The  chicks  hatched  are  very  nice,  and  seem  to 
do  bettor  than  those  hatched  by  hens.  The  first 
hatched  are  now  large  enough  to  fry,  and  are  not 
yet  eight  weeks  old.  If  some  of  a  nestful  hatch, 
I  cannot  see  why  others  of  the  same  lot,  under- 
going the  same  treatment,  must  die  in  the  shell. 


F.  Thatche,  Marinette,  Wis.,  asks  "  what  is  the 
matter  with  the  teats  of  his  cow,  a  .sore  forms  on 
the  end  of  the  teat  and  is  very  painful?"   Answer: 
-The  teats  have  been  probably  frost  bitten. 
+ 

H.  E.  Birtch,  West  Brooklyn,  asks  "what  is 
good  to  give  a  cow  after  eating  poison  laurel?" 
Answer  :-Glve  a  purgative  of  some  kind,  say 
Glauber  salts;  dose  from  four  to  eight  ounces 
dissolved  in  water,  or  a  half  pint  of  castor  oil. 
Then  feed  on  nutritious  feed. 


Reader,  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  asks  why  the  yolks  of 
eggs  are  sometimes  so  white.  Answer:  The  yel- 
low color  of  the  yolk  is  in  the  oil  that  in  part 
composes  the  yolk.  Corn  (yellow),  will  add  a  yel- 
low color  to  the  oil.  Close  confinement  or  long- 
continued  cold  weather  will  sometimes  make  the 
yolks  white. '  w 

Mrs.  L.  Zuver,  Woodhull,  111.:  Do  any  of  the 
readers  of  the  F.arm  and  Garden  know  of  a 
breed  of  chickens  called  Chittigoongs?  Can  any 
one  give  the  names  of  some  of  the-most  desirable 
roses  to  plant  in  door-yard,  also  the  best  hardy 
climbers,  vines,  and  shrubs,  with  names  and 
descriptions  of  the  same. 


W.  Hickox :  In  April  number  we  notice  you 
say  of  Poison  Ivy: — Tills  deadly  foe  to  many  la 
the  three-fingered  variety.  The  following  we  be- 
lieve to  be  a  sure  cure  for  Ivy  poisoning  :  Aleum 
Olivfe,  1  ounce;  Bromine,  1.5  drops;  mix.  Apply 
with  camel's  hair  brush  three  or  four  times  per 
day.    Cures  in  twelve  to  thirty-six  hours. 

Many  ask  us  the  proportions  of  cement,  sand, 
lime,  tS:c.,  to  be  used  to  make  the  cisterns  as  fig- 
ured in  the  February  number.  We  say  you  will 
find  the  whole  art  and  proper  proportions  of 
materials  in  that  number.  We  can  give  ne  fuller 
details  than  the  article  contains,  or,  in  fact, 
there  can  be  none.    Read  the  article  carefully. 

Interested  Reader  asks  "  how  often  should 
cocks  be  changed  to  keep  a  fiock  from  degenera- 
ting?" Answer:-Much  depends  upon  the  health 
and  vigor  of  the  old  stock.  If  very  vigorous, 
once  in  two  or  three  years.  If  only  the  best  birds 
are  kept  over,  as  should  be  done.  If  the  old 
stock  is  not  vigorous  we  should  change  every 
year,  and  keep  only  the  best,  most  active,  and 
healthy.  . 

B.  Burland,  Port  Kent,  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  com- 
plains that  we  did  not  answer  "How  to  grow 
pea-nuts  ?  "  We  got  the  letter  in  January,  too  late 
for  last  year's  planting,  and  rather  early  for  this, 
so  we  waited  for  its  proper  season,— May.  We 
try  to  please  our  readers,  but  we  always  wish  to 
give  all  topics  In  due  season.  We  believe  Mr, 
iJurland  will  see  the  propriety  of  the  plan  of 
being  always  in  season. 


T.  E.  Bondornot,  2114  Farnania  street,  Daren- 
port,  Iowa,  asks  "  if  grubs  or  worms  in  the  back 
of  a  cow  will  injure  her  milk,  and  how  to  pre- 
vent and  cure  them?"  Answer :-The  grubs  are 
the  larva  of  a  large  fly  that  lays  the  egg  in  the 
skin  of  cattle  late  In  summer,  and  the  egg 
hatches  a  worm  which,  when  grown,  changes 
again  Into  a  fly.  They  can  be  prevented  by 
bathing  the  back  of  the  animal  with  anything 
repulsive  to  the  fly  which  lays  the  egg.  But  the 
cures  are  as  bad  as  the  grubs.  The  milk,  unless 
the  cow  is  fevered,  will  be  good. 

4- 
A  Reader,  Fowler,  111.,  asks  at  what  age  should 
a  colt  be  weaned.  Answer:-That  depends  upon 
the  vigor  and  growth  of  the  colt,  and  how  good  a 
milker  the  dam  is.  From  four  to  seven  months- 
is  the  usual  extreme.  The  best  rule  to  follow  is 
to  allow  the  colt  to  continue  on  the  dam  as  long 
as  both  do  well.  As  soon  as  the  colt  will  eat,  al- 
low it  some  fine,  sweet  hay,  or  if  possible,  to  run 
on  pasture.  If  extra  growth  Is  desired,  feed  on 
crushed  oats,  one  or  two  quarts  at  a  time.  The 
aim  must  be  to  keep  up  the  growth  of  the  colt 
and  to  teach  it  to  eat  food  so  that  too  much 
change  of  diet  will  not  be  felt  by  the  colt  in 
weaning.  When  the  colt  is  weakly,  feed  on  oat- 
meal gruel. 


mimm  house  power, 


With  either  retrular  incline  or  level  tread  track,  has 
the  simplest  ami  mast  pffiripiit  EMVOiK.r  made.  The 
OOYLESTOWN  JUNIOR  THRESHER  AND  CLEANER  ha.<<  no 
superior.  For  TUustratpd  )  'alaloi^n,..  addn-ss  soie  mann- 
fscturer,    DANIEL  HULSHIZER,  Ooylttlown,  Bucki  Co.,  Pi. 


ROBINSON  &CO.  RICHMOND, IND. 
BUILD  TRACTION  and  PORTABLE 
ENGINES,  THRESHERS,  SAW  MILLS, 
ice.   CIRCULAR  FREE.  AGENTS  WANTED. 


17 


cludinga  full  setof  extra  J 
tAttachments,  needles, 
•il  and  usual  outfit  of  la  plecCS  with 
eich.  fidftraBlred  Perfect.  WuruiUd  S 
/ear*.  Hu4»«m«  ftnd  Dmrftbl*.  D«a1 
pK7  $40  or  SSO  for  nkchlBM  ■•  Wttcrw 
We  will  »«nd  them  anywhere  on  15  da^ 
trial  before  payio^.  Circulars  and  fuU 
particulara  free  by  addressing 

£.  C.  HOWE  A  CO., 

US  Mortli  «th  St..       rUlLA^  rAa 
LMk  »QJL  1087. 


Fo'^Se€Dsm6nFLORisTS«?nuRseRYMen 

I  nnnn  ELECTROS  IN   STOCK.      ^.BLANC 
I  U.UUU  5;END  FOR  CATALOGUES  PHILADi-. 


j^. BLANC 
PH/LADi-. 


ONE  MILE  SIGNAL  WHISTLE,  ^^l^^^^^^ 

this.    Invnlunble  a.s  a  signnl  on  the  farm  or  over  the 

■water.     Exart  sir.e  of  a  50-<'alibre  centre-tire  cartridge; 

trass,  with  nickel  bullet.     Farmers,  sportHmen,  and 

lensore-seekprs  should  have  it.    The  loudest  and 

ost   piercin«lT  shrill    whistle    made.      tSent  by 

ail   post-paid,  with  our  catalocue  nf  guns,  for  only  25c. 

Stamps-    Address,  ftCNNIE.  ALLtON  4  CO..  Phllad'i,  Pa. 


THE   FARM    AND  GA-R  DEN. 


'5 


■I^LtMOI^OUS. 


She  Souliii^y  yAi^D. 

(Continued.) 


Haven't  you  always  noticed  that  when  passen- 
ger rates  are  cut  down  to  nothing  and  a  chromo 
thrown  in,  it  is  always  on  some  line  which  you 
never  have  occasion  to  travel  over? 

Experience  has  satisfied  an  EnglLsLh  botanist 
that  plants  have  a  faint  intelligence.  Possibly, 
therefore,  we  may  yet  come  to  compliment  a 
man  by  calling  him  a  cabbage-head. 

"I  see  they  are  serving  refreshments  on  roller- 
flkates  in  some  of  the  restaurants,"  the  husband 
said  as  he  laid  down  his  paper.  "  Good  gra- 
cious !  "  exclaimed  the  wife,  "  have  they  no 
plates?" 

A  little  girl  who  had  been  very  observant  of  her 
parents'  mode  of  exhibiting  their  charity,  being 
asked  what  generosity  was,  answered:— "It  is 
giving  to  the  poor  all  the  old  stuff  you  don't 
want  yourself." 

Gentleman.—"  Ah,  Patrick !  Warm  this  morn- 
ing. Guess  the  young  people  won't  get  much 
skating  to-day.  See  how  wet  the  ice  is."  Pat- 
kick. — "  Niver  you  fear  sorr;  jist  wait  till  the  sun 
gets  a  little  hoigher  and  the  oice  will  soon  dry 
off." 

1  An  exchange  announces  that  the  "  Ladies'  For- 
eign Missionary  Society  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  will  serve  a  missionary  tea  at  the  chapel." 
We  had  supposed  that  dining  off  missionaries 
was  a  thing  of  the  past,  but  it  seems  we  were 
misinformed. 

A  Philadelphian  went  to  a  physician  with  what 
he  had  feared  was  a  hopeless  case  of  heart  dis- 
ease, but  was  relieved  on  finding  out  that  the 
creaking  sound  which  he  had  heard  at  every 
deep  breath  was  caused  by  a  little  pulley  on  his 
patent  suspenders. 

"  Ah,  my  little  man,  good  morning,"  pleasantly 
remarked  an  old  gentleman  as  he  stopped  and 
patted  a  Hewes  street  little  boy  on  the  head, 
*'have  you  any  brothers  and  sisters  ?  "  "  Yes,  sir  ; 
got  four,  but  I'm  the  only  one  that  'mounts  to 
anything,"  replied  the  urchin. 

Little  boy  (at  the  front  door)— Is  the  doctor  In  ? 
'Cause  if  he  is  I  want  to  see  him  right  away." 

Servant — "He's  not  in." 

"  Well,  just  as  soon  as  he  gets  home  you  tell  him 
to  come  over  to  our  house  and  take  that  baby  off 
he  left  last  week.    It's  in  the  way." 

An  Irishman  who  was  sleeping  all  night  with 
a  negro,  had  his  face  blackened  by  a  practical 
Joker.  Starting  off  in  a  hurry  in  the  morning, 
he  caught  sight  of  himself  in  a  mirror  ;  puzzled, 
he  stopped  and  gazed,  and  finally  exclaimed: 
**  Begorra,  they've  woke  the  wrong  man  ! " 

"Do  you  know  what  bulldozing  is?"  asked  a 
man  of  an  old  farmer.  "I  thought  I  did,"  said 
the  granger;  "but  the  bull  wasn't  dozing;  he 
was  only  making  believe,  and  being  in  the  mid- 
dle of  a  forty-acre  lot,  I  naturally  had  to  make 
pretty  quick  time  to  reach  the  fence  ahead  of 
him." 

"What  is  the  breed  of  your  calf?"  said  a 
would-be  buyer  to  a  farmer,  "Well"  said  the 
farmer,  "all  I  know  about  it  is  that  his  father 
gored  a  justice  of  the  peace  to  death,  tossed  a 
book  agent  into  the  fence  corner,  and  stood  a 
lightening-rod  man  on  his  head,  and  his  mother 
<:based  a  female  lecturer  two  miles;  and  if  that 
aint  breed  enough  to  ask  $4  on,  you  needn't  take 
txim. 

TheministerlastSunday  morning  had  preached 
a  very  long,  parched  sermon  on  the  creation  of 
man,  and  one  little  girl  in  the  congregation  was 
utterly  worn  out.  After  the  services,  she  said  to 
iher  mother:  "Mamma,  were  we  all  made  of 
dust?"  "Certainly,  my  child."  The  preacher, 
too?"  "Of  course.  Why  do.  you  think  he  was 
not  made  like  the  rest  of  us?"  "Oh,  because  he 
Is  so  dry,  mamma,  I  don't  see  how  the  Creator 
could  make  him  stick  together." 

Double  Taxation.— "  Hello,  Sam,"  said  a 
gentleman  to  an  old  negro  riding  along  on  a 
mule,  where  did  you  get  the  beast?"  "I  buyed 
'im,  In  cou'se,  boss ;  you  didn't  tink  I  stoled  'im, 
did  yo' ?"—"  I  wasn't  sure.  What  did  you  give 
for  him  7"  I  gib  my  note,  sah,  forfawtydoUahs." 
— "Your  note,  Sam,  ?  "  "  In  cou'se,  sah,"—"  Why, 
you'll  never  pay  it."  "  Cou'se  I  won't,  boss.  Yo' 
don't  reckon  dat  man  specs  Ise  gwine  to  pay  fo' 
dat  mule  an'  pay  fo'  dat  note  besides,  does  yo'  ? 
I^o  sah,  hltsezmuchasdlsniggaken  do  to  pay 
to'  de  mule." 


ARTIFICIAL    INCUBATORS. 

Artificial  incubators  are  coming  each  year  into 
practical  u«o.  When  they  have  the  proper  atten- 
tion, and  are  made  on  the  right  principle,  they 
perform  very  successful  incubation.  Some  of 
them  are  very  complex  and  owing  to  using 
lamps  and  other  contrivances  for  heating  are 
somewhat  difficult  to  regulate.  ^ 

The  Savidge  Hydro-Incubator  is  constructed  on 
a  different  principle  (using  hot  water  only),  and 
is  very  easily  made  and  managed.  No  lamps  are 
required,  and  no  coal  oil  smell  in  the  room,  or 
sudden  heat  or  chill,  but  an  even  temperature, 
free  from  smoke  or  dirt,  is  maintained  by  adding 
as  may  be  required,  a  few  gallons  of  hot  water. 
These  Incubators  can  be  put  in  a  dining  room, 
making  a  pleasant  pastime  of  hatching  an  early 
and  profitable  brood  of  spring  chickens,  when 
there  is  little  on  the  farm  to  do,  and  an  easy  and 
pleasant  way  of  finding  both  profit  and  amuse- 
ment, if  desired.  A  poor  hatch  of  chicks  by  the 
hen  of  the  poultry  house  is  supplemented  by  the 
hatcher,  and  the  hen  will  be  happy  and  content 
with  a  numerous  family,  instead  of  wandering 
solitary  and  alone,  or  with  a  few  desolate-looking 
chicks.  The  incubator  is  so  easily  made,  that 
any  bright  farmer  boy  could  easily  make  and 
manage  one. 

POULTRY    SCRATCHINGS. 

SOKGHUM  FOR  FENCING.— We  have  never  tried 
the  experiment  to  any  extent,  but  once  noticed 
an  excellent  fence  around  a  poultry-yard,  made 
by  sowing  sorghum  seed  thickly,  twisting  and 
matting  it  together  after  being  well  grown,  which 
confined  the  fowls  closely.  Sorghum  does  not 
dry  as  quickly  as  corn,  and  stands  on  the  ground 
for  a  long  time. 

Sudden  Showers  Detrimental.— During  the 
summer  many  chicks  are  caught  in  showers  of 
rain  and  destroyed.  The  loss  from  this  cause  is 
very  great.  When  signs  of  rain  appear,  coop  up 
the  chicks.  If  any  are  exposed,  and  become 
drenched,  place  them  by  a  stove  until  thoroughly 
dry  again,  for,  as  we  have  frequently  stated, 
dampness  does  greater  injury  than  cold. 

Summer  DiSEASES.-Whenever  symptoms  of  dis- 
ease appear,  do  not  begin  to  give  medicine;  but 
first  examine  for  lice.  More  than  one-half  the  ills 
that  affect  poultry  may  be  traced  to  this  source. 
The  fowls  begin  to  droop,  become  sluggish,  lose 
appetite,  have  bowel  diseases,  and  give  but  few 
returns  in  eggs.  Little  chicks  succumb  very 
soon,  and  die  without  apparent  cause.  Lice  are 
not  always  dicovered  until  too  late  to  rid  them 
from  the  premises  except  with  difficulty. 

Late  Pullets.— Early  maturity  Is  an  impor- 
tant factor  in  a  pullet,  and  hence  it  is  now  too 
late  to  secure  them  early.  The  best  course  to 
pursue  is  to  make  up  the  time  by  crossing  with 
cocks  from  the  early  maturing  breeds.  The  best 
cock  for  this  purpose  is  a  Leghorn.  Pullets  from 
a  Leghorn  cock  and  ordinary  common  hens  will 
lay  when  they  are  six  months  old,  and  conse- 
quently if  the  pullets  are  hatched  in  June  they 
will  lay  in  Debember  if  the  winter  does  not  come 
in  too  soon. 

Egq  Producing  Food.— Without  resorting  to 
medicines  or  chemicals  the  food  may  be  so  com- 
bined as  to  be  complete  in  nutritive  qualities, 
and  in  a  cheap  form.  An  excellent;combination 
is  10  lbs.  wheat,  5  lbs.  corn,  6  lbs.  buckwheat,  and 
10  lbs.  oats,  ground  together,  and  fed  once  a  day, 
first  being  scalded  with  boiling  water,  and  given 
in  the  form  of  a  stiff  dough.  There  should  be  no 
other  food  given  until  night,  which  may  consist 
of  whole  grains,  but  corn  should  not  be  given 
during  the  summer. 

Fowls  in  Confinement.— Feed  nothing  to 
them  in  summer  except  in  a  form  for  which  they 
must  scratch  to  procure  it.  Tlie  old  method  of 
giving  a  good  mess  of  soft  food  in  the  winter  is 
well  enough,  but  during  the  summer,  if  the  fowls 
are  confined,  they  should  be  kept  at  work  as 
much  as  possible.  By  using  leaves,  cut  straw,  or 
some  coarse  material,  and  the  food  thrown  into 
it,  the  hens  will  pick  out  every  grain,  and  by 
constant  scratching,  exercise  themselves  as  well 
as  i(  allowed  full  liberty  in  the  fields. 

Ducks.— Ducks  grow  much  faster  than  chicks, 
and,  if  fed  liberally,  can  be  sent  to  market  when 
three  months  old.  They  are  subject  to  but  few 
diseases,  and  some  breeds,  such  as  the  Aylesburg, 
will  lay  as  many  eggs  as  the  hens.  Eggs  from 
young  ducks,  however,  do  not  hatch  as  well  as 
those  from  two-year-old  females,  and  this  should 
not  be  overlooked.  If  a  pond  is  not  convenient, 
provide  them  with  a  trough  for  bathing  purposes, 
filling  it  with  fresh  water  daily.  This  may  be 
easily  done  by  attaching  a  boae  to  a  pump, 
thereby  saving  labor. 


Young  Guineas.— Never  leave  the  eggs  for  the 
guinea  hen  to  hatch.  She  will  no  doubt  know 
what  to  do  for  her  young,  and  be  as  successful  in 
raising  them  as  the  hens,  but  the  young  guineas 
will  become  to  wild  and  untameable.  Guineas, 
if  hatched  under  hens,  will  soon  become  accus- 
tomed to  going  on  the  roosts  with  the  other  fowls. 
It  is  best  to  hatch  a  few  chicks  with  the  guineas, 
as  the  guineas  will  soon  imitate  the  chicks  in 
obeying  the  hen.  The  eggs  for  chicks  should  be 
put  under  the  hen  one  week  after  placing  the  hen 
on  the  guinea  eggs,  so  that  all  the  eggs  may  hatch 
at  the  same  time. 


INJAGARAWHITEQKAPE.  MARLBOEO  RMpterrr. 
H.  S.  Anderson,  Union  Spnngfl._N,^CaUlogne/r££ 


nidden  Name*  Emboaiied  »<!  New  Chroato 

Cord*,  name  in  new  type,  an  ElcC'nt  4S  pDCO 
Cillt  bound  Floral  Autoeraph  Albam  \7ltb. 

quotationB,  12  page  Illustrated  Premium  and 
Price  List  and  Agent's  Canvassing  Outfit,  all 
forlSctB.    SNOW  &  CO..  Meriden,  Conn- 


r  k  "D  TIQ  *"P^''''""i<=''-  ^'^*  designs,  little  beauties,  Gold 
vnAil/O  Chromo,  Verii>s,  Mottoes  ftnd  Hiddea  Name, 
with  an  elegant  prize,  10c.    Ivory  Card  Co.,  Clintonville,Ct. 


T  ATTQT  HTTT  LARGE.   NEW.    ELEGANT   SET   OF 
IjillXiOX    UUX  EMBOSSED    CHROMO    Advertlslno 

Cards.    Rosfs  and  landscapes  lOcPtits.    c'litalotrin^s  Scrap 
Picturet  free.    H.  I>I.  Brooki^  &  Co,,  Springtield.  Ohio. 


Kalamazoo  Celery  Plants 

Br  mail,  T5c.  per  100.  By  express.  $-i  per  1000. 

BIG  KEBUCTION  ON  LAKUE  LOTS. 
OuarantetSAFE]     O.  BOCHOVE  &-  BKO., 

Arrival.  \  KALAMAZOO.  MICHIGAN. 


AGENTS  WANTED 

To  canvas-^  lor  one  ot  the  oldest  established  and 
larsent  NURSERIES  in  the  States.  Established 
1846.  Businpss  easily  learned.  For  terms,  address 
W.  «fc  T.  SMITH,  Geneva  Nursery,  Geneva,  N.  Y, 


1 AA  Scrap  Picturet,  no  2  alike,  and  set  of  4  larqe  Gem 
lUU  Chromos  for  10c.    C.  DePUY,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


20 


NEW  AND  CO.\rPLETE  STORIES  FOKi 
Every  one  ETtreniely  FasciiiQting.  Stamps 
Isken.    E.  C.  DAVIS,  Pub.,  Buston,  Mm. 


101 


TUC    PDCATNEW   QUINCE,    "MEECH'S   PRO- 

inC    UlfCA  iLiriC."    Senil  forOirrular.    LarQMl 

itock  of  ;>liilberry  in  llie  country.     Ciitaloyups  Free, 

HANCE  &  BORDEN.  Rgmson  Nurseries,  RED  BANK.  N.  J. 


X  Million  Crsnberry  Plants, 


.Sweet    I'otnto 

_  plants  *!.. 50  pr. 

■  1000.   White   Lily  roots  .■JOo.  each   ;i,ots  of 

2  other  tliinsH.    talalogiic  i.l  SSIAI.L  FRUITS 
free.     I.  &  J.  L.  liEONAHIJ,  lona,  N.  J. 

U/UAT     IC    IX?  Send  2.5  cts.  (stamps)  tor  sam- 
""  "/*  '     '^    '  '        pie  Electric  Create  and  Dirt  Eriil- 

icator.  ^5-00  given  it  not  as  represented.  Agents  wanted. 
JOHN  SIMON  ACQ.,  19  W.  Houston  St.,  New  York. 

'y  taught 


SHORTH  ANDiV;,V„"fi'rpTr^'. 
itniilHiMM  iirociireil   for  pupils  when  conipeten't. 
end  fur  (irculur.  W.  G.  CHAFF  KE.  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

PER  WEEK  SELLING  my  Watches,  Notions, 
Jewelry,  etc.  48-page  Catalogue  free.    Address 
G.  M.  HANSON,  Cbicaeo,  111. 

AGENTS  WANTED  for  two  new  fast  selling  arti- 
^^  cles  Samples  free.    C.  E.  Marshall,  Lockport.  N.  Y. 


$39 


100 


Fine  Printed  Envelopes  white  or  assorted  col- 
ors, with  name,  business,  and  address  on  all 
for  40  cts.,  50  for  i5cts.  Carps  and  Letterheads 
at  same  price.  C.  K  C-  DkPV Y,S!/racus€,N.Y, 


50 


Perfumed,  EmboiiHpd,  hidden  name  Ac.,  Card*,  Sam- 
ple Book  and  51  scrap  picture.^  lOc.     STAR  CO.,  Northford,  Ct. 


CTT  XrC  A  pacltageof    bright    pieces    very  nice   silk 
OXij-»».Wfor20c.  STAR  SILK  CO.,  North  llartland.Vt. 


12 


Entirely  new.  Golden   Motto,  Hidden  Name  Cards, 
no  two  alike,  10c.  NASSAU  CARD  CO.,  Nassau,  N.  Y. 


j^BBSij 


:  CARDS!  FREE'"-""- 

iBInea,  and  100  other  useful  articles 
'absolutely  Free!  50  Flcfant  Oold 
Leaf  Embossed  Souvenir  and  Per- 
fumed Covered  Name  Cards  with  your 
name  in  new  script  type,  and  Agent's  Focket  Sample  Book, 
10c.,  2  pttclis  and  5  Frenth  Dolls  with  wardrobe  of  88 
pieces,  50c.  8 packs  Sample  &:.ok  and  thin  Beautiful  Kolled 
Gold  Rlnf.  Sue.  Our  styles  of  Imported,  Sntln  Frlne© 
and  Real  Hllk  Florals  are  uncQualed.  Full  Instruc- 
tions l)<>n  lo  obtain  all  liie  above  arliclcn  and  a  full  lino  of 
samples,  free.  We  want  Accnts  and  will  use  them  well. 
Aeentsmake   *5.00   per  day  handling  on r_eo( 

MAVEN,  CONN.. 


Send 


n^oncet  don^t  miss  thia  opportunity.     WEST  HAVEN 
MANUF»G   WOKES,   WEST 


RINGS.  _ 

These  are  the  best  IS  K.  Solid  rolled  Gold 
Rines  made.  They  are  worth  Sli.OO.  but  to  in- 
troduce our  rlnes,  which  we  warrant  to  look  and 
wear  1  ike  solid  pola,  we  make  this  (jrand  special  of- 
fer. Sample  >^-Round  or  Flat  Ring  by  mail  for 
Fifty  CeniH  otampa  taken).  Address  Lynn  db 
Co„709  Bruadway.  ^ew  York. 


i6 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


^    ^OLLBGTION 
BBrought  by  U.  S.  Mail  and  in  other  ways. 
Entered  at  PhUadelphia  Fost  Office  as  Second  Class  Mailer 
CHILD  BROS.  &  CO.,  Poblishera,  72S  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  John  Thorpe,  of  Queens, 
N.  Y.,  President  of  the  Society  of  American 
Florists,  we  are  enabled  to  announce  the  follow- 
ing report  of  the  committee  meeting  at  Pitts- 
burg :— 

The  Annual  Exhibition  will  be  held  at  Cincin- 
nati, August  19th,  20th,  21st,  1885,  In  the  Exposi- 
tion Building:— 

The  following  gentlemen  have  been  appointed 
to  read  the  articles  on  the  subjects  designated  ;— 

Charles  Henderson,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  *'  Diseases 
of  Plants  and  their  remedies." 

Carl  Turgen,  Newport,  R.  I.,  "  Forcing  of  Bulbs 
and  Flowers  for  winter," 

H.  DeVry,  Superintendent  of  Parks,  Chicago, 
111.,*'  Floral  Embellishments  of  Parks  and  Public 
Squares." 

John  May,  Summit,  N.  J.,  *'  Roses,  their  propar 
gation  and  management." 

John  Thorpe,  Queens,  N.  Y.,  "Steam  vs.  Hot 
Water  for  Heating  Greenhouse." 

Henry  Michel,  St.  Louis.  Mo.,  "What  Shall  we 
Grow  for  Early  Spring  and  Summer  Cut  Flowt- rs." 

William  T.  Stewart.  Boston,  Mass.,  "The  Cut 
Flower  Trade,  Sales,  Shipment.  Packing." 

S.  S.  Jackson,  Cint;innati,  Ohio,  "  Pioneer 
Florists." 

The  Exhibition  will  consist  of  new  plants,  cut 
flowers,  designs,  flower-pot«.  instruments  for 
florists,  designs  in  wire  and  straw  goods,  speci- 
mens of  illustrations  for  eatalogues,  models  in 
minlatureofgreeniiouses,  heating  appliances,  etc. 

Usages  of  the  Best  Society,  an  excellent 
manual  of  all  the  usages  of  the  best  society.  No 
one  after  having  studied  this  work  need  be  at  a 
loss  how  to  a<'t  or  bebuve  In  society.  Just  the 
book  for  young  ladies  and  young  gentlemen  who 
are  entering  society,  as  it  gives  all  the  rules 
and  customs.  It  tells  all  about  good  manners, 
and  how  to  appear  to  the  best  advantage  in  any 
company.  A  valuable  book  also  for  the  lady  who 
presides  at  any  social  party. 

Johnson  A  Stokes.  seedRmcn  nnil  live-stock  dealers, 
have  moved  from  1114  to  2111  Market  street.  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.  This  enterprlsiiiK  lirm  h;i«  l)eeii  obliged  to 
move  Into  larger  quarters  by  the  rapid  growth  of  their 
business.  _^ 

Mr.  C.  L.  Kneeland.  Manufacturer  of  "The  Crystal 
Creamer."  whose  advertisement  appears  on  first  cover 

Sage,  has  reniovcd  frnni  Franklin.  N.  Y..  lo  Vnadilla, 
swego  CV>.,  N  V.  With  Inrrea-sed  I'liclllties  for  manu- 
facturing and  Hhippiiie.  Mr.  K.  will  he  able  10  fill  orders 
promptly.    You  should  see  Ills  circular. 

We  take  pleasure  In  calling  our  readers  attention  to 
the  advertiBemenis  of  T.  Walter  »t  Sons,  Stockmen,  of 
West  Chester,  Pa.  They  are  reliable  men,  and  do  a 
large  business.  They  are  always  glad  to  have  iheir 
customers  come  and  seltKrt  their  purchases  of  stock. 
Those  who  cannot  do  this  should  send  for  their  circulars. 


The  following  is  a  letter  received  by  Mr.  Case,  recom- 
mending his  "Sun  Hat,"  which  he  adverilsee  In  our 
paper;— 

Mb.  Case.  Dear  Sir:  Please  send  me  three  hats,  by 
express,  at  your  earliest  convenience.  I  will  endeavor 
to  obtain  more  orders  for  them.  As  for  durability  and 
coolness.  I  can  recommend  them  us  the  best  hats  Tor 
summer  use  I  have  ever  worn.  Flopln?  success  may 
crown  your  efforts  in  the  hat  business.  I  remain.  Yours, 
truly,  Renj.  M.  Bren'kman.  Mount  Joij,  J^u 


"MoKEY  IN  PoTATOE.<!."  by  Joseph.  .W  pages.  12mo 
Illustrated.  Franklin  News  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 
There  is  more  useful  information  in  this  little  book 
than  is  usually  found  in  a  larce  vohinie.  The  author 
gives  such  practical  ideas  on  the  suhje<'ts  of  soil:*,  seed, 
planting,  manures,  cultivation, and  harvpsting,  a.s  tr»  in- 
BU re  successful  potato-growing.  He  claims  that  if  his 
plans  are  carried  out— and  there  is  no  reason  whv  they 
should  not  be— a  yield  of  400  bushels  per  acre  can  be 

grown  as  a  field  crop.  Joseph  is  a  very  successful  gnr- 
ener.  He  knows  how  to  grow  potatoes,  and  in  this  lit- 
tle book  tells  all  the  secrets  of  the  (fccupation.  Sent  free 
by  mail  bv  Franklin  News  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  on  re- 
ceipt of  firty  cents.    

The  Best  BottkrColor.— The  great  unanimity  with 
which  dairymen  of  high  reputation  have  adopted,  m 
preference  to  anything  else,  the  Improved  Butler  Color 
made  bv  Wells.  Richardson  *  Co.,  of  Burlington,  Vt..  is 
remarkable.  It  shows  that  the  claims  of  imitative 
colors  are  baaelesa,  wise  dairymen  will  use  no  other. 

C.  M.  Blackstone.  of  Sack  City  ,Iowa.  writes  as  follows 
to  Mr.  Auger  of  Fitxwilliam,  N.  H. :  "  Your  egg  cases 
were  received  all  right,  and  I  have  tested  them  over  our 
roughest  roads  and  find  them  perfect.  I  cannot  praise 
loo  highly,  for  they  are  complete  in  every  respect." 
See  advertisement  in  this  issue. 


BALL'S 


CORSETS 


The  ONLY  CORSET  made  thnt  can  be  returned  by 
Its  purrlia-~rr  aft.T  thre^  weeks  wcar.Jf  IV>t  founa 


PERFECTLY   SATISFACTORY 

In  every  respect,  and  its  r)rH-e  refunded  by  seller. 
Made  in  a  variety  of  styles  and  prices.  Sold  by  fll-st- 
class  dealers  .-vf■^v^^!l-re.  p.  ware  of  worthless  imi- 
tations.    N'onc  cenninc  without  EalTs  name  on  box. 

ICACO  CORSET  CO.,  Chicago.  III. 
HARMON  &  CO.,  New  Haven,  ^ 


8HI< 
V, 


3.    III. 

,  Conn* 


ARGE  PROFITS 

ONLY  S20  ISVraTMENT  rfqulrcd.  ISfw  Prn<-r«fc 
tRi^Athorr.uphlyprfti-tical  rrnthod  formakmy 
RutiherStampB  with  complete  trav^-ling  oatfil 
Uictmnt.  fc.rS'iO.  Ampir  •twfk  with  en^h  ontlll  U 
Dik<>S40.  Mt>  >OW  n(KFS6toS25p«'rd«r. 
For  p  .rticularb  tin'l  privat**  circular.  6en« 

2Tp'J.w.manneer.t:?i^I£' 


Bt&mp. 


I 


NJAliARA  WHITE  GRAPE. 

|H.  S.  AWDERSON.  Union  Spni 


MARLBORO  Raspberry.  I 
NY.  Cat&logne/rf^l 


■fi 


LANDRETHS'  1+ 


ARE  THE  BEST. 


NORTH,  SOUTH,  EAST,  or  WEST. 

Kverything  of  the  best.  Spedm  niid  Implements  for 
F'arm,  fJnrilen.  or  Country  Sent.  Send  for  Lan- 
dreths'  Rural  Ite^ister  Almanac  and  Descriplive  (,"ala- 
logue,  iree.  Over  1500  acres  under  cultivation  growing 
Landreths'  Garden   Seeds.     Foiiniled    1784. 

D.  LANDRETH  &  SONS, 

27  and  23  South  Sixth  St.,  and 

Delaware  Avenue  and  Arch  St., 


FINE  GROUND  LAND  PLASTER, 

KAINIT-pgVirs*JSALT 

FOK  FERTILIZING  PFKPOSES. 

Oar   cofiyrightfd  pamphlet  od  *'Kalnlt,  how  to  use  It*  ete>,** 
mailed  free  to  any  addrc-'-.  on  apjiMcation  to  u?.     §  A  UT — All  va- 
rielies  fur  Butter  and  Table  noe  conslantlv  on  hand,  for  (tale  in 
lotBio  I     ALEX.  KERK,  BKO.  A  CO.,  (Esubn^hed  1S49) 
Euii.   I  Pier  »,  North  Wharve*,  Phllad'a,  Pa. 


SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS. 


We  have  received  the  Annual  Catalogue  of  Pennsvl- 
vania  State  College,  for  1884  and  188.S.  It  is  published  by 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  will  be  sent  free  to  applicants. 


"  Mr.  J.  A.  De  Veer,  importer,  wholesaler  and  retailer 
of  bulbs,  has  removed  from  318  Broadway,  N.  Y..  tf»  I't 
Broadway,  and  has  admitted  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Bonnikanip 
AS  a  partner.  The  bulbs  which  gave  our  friends  such 
splendid  satisfaction  last  fall,  were  imported  tor  us  by 
this  house,  and  we  recommend  to  notice  their  advertise- 
ment CD  page  7  of  this  number. 


P.  C.  I^ewls,  CatskiUa.  N.  Y.,  malcen  a  specialty  of  the 
manufacture  of  Force-pumps  and  Syringes  for  farm  and 
garden  use.  These  labor-saving  instruments  should  be 
used  in  every  orchard,  and  we  ask  our  readers  to  write 
to  Mr.  Lewis  for  bis  catalogue. 


OUR  IMPORTED  POCKET  COMPASS 


(;rowiirr..niS.>I<»<>TH.('IIUNRY 
S  E  !•:  I).  Si  long.  \\  ell-Itooted, 
aiidFKKK  FRO.^I  DISEASE. 
>;ui  till-  spiiKlline:,  crowded  i  lants, 
proilnci-il  In  sell  cheap  at  a  profit. 
AlsoTO>IATO.  CABUACJE, 
C'ELEK  V,  and  other  veet'tnble 
plaiitH.   Drsrripdvf  J^-irc'-li''!t  FREE. 

J.  T.  LOVETT, 

L.ITTLE  SILVER,  New  Jersey 


P 


■■iSWEET 

LANTS 


WM. 


liefnre  orderiiiK   — , ^, 

HENRY   MAULE,  129  «  l3l  S.  Front  St 


POTATO  ■■ 

And    all   otiier 

vegetable  plants 
at   very  low  pri- 
ces,   quality  con- 
sidered.    Write 
anvwhere,  and  save  money. 
'      PWIad'a.  Pa. 


This  branfl-fininhed  comitnHH,  wiih  lid.  sfnt  any- 
where in  the  country  by  mail  for  iJ.'Sc.  Invaluable  fur 
farmers,  flshermen.  hunters  and  tourists.  Order 
now,  and  get  our  catalogue  of  guns,  rifles,  etc.  Address 
RENNIK.  AI.r.SON  «.V  CO.. 
237  South  Filtli  Stree:.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


LAST  CHANCE 


To  obtain  Government  Lands  free — that  are  suitable 
for  general  farming  and  Stock  raising  purposes — before 
change  of  laws  at  per  bills  now  pending  in  Congress. 

IN  THE  DEVILS  LAKE, 

TURTLE  MOUNTAIN 
And  Mouse  River  Country. 

NORTH  A  p n r o  i"Tn:i 

DAKOTA  HUntO  '^r^SS^ 

Over  2,000.000  Acres  of  R.   R.  Lands  in  Minne- 
sota at  the  low  price  of  S.1.00  per  acre  and  upwards. 
Sectional  Map  and  full  particulars  mailed  I 
freeloanyaddressbyC.  H-WARREN. 
Gen'l  Pass.  Agent,  Sl  Paul,  Minn,  and  j 
Manitoba   R.    R.,    St.     Paul,    Minn. 


320 


:  ana  upwaras. 

FREE 


MUSIC 


«.  chtnee  to  get  a  flue  collection   of  Sheet  Music  for  eo 

Email  a  sum  wm  ne«r  ottered  before.     Order    NOW,  *°<* 

iecure   the    Rreatest    bargain    ever    offered.     100   Gemi  of 

gtrauSS  hi'  most  popular  'Waltzei,  Quaariflefl,  Polkai, 
aU'pi.Ior  J'iano  or  iir;:;in.  The  whole  lut  for  50c.  100 
Choice  Songs,  '"'ih  wurds  and  music  for  Piano  or  Organ, 
5P9-_  'PO   PfieuLa""  InsftumeMal  Pieces  ^'^l_T}*^^..?T 


.■'opular  instruiiii^iitsi    i  h^i^e.     -  ,       „    , 

O.gan.SOc.  50  Contra  Dances,  Hornpipos,  Jijni,  Bceli, 
etc., with  calls  and  Skitcs  tor  rmnu  ur  Organ,  50c..  50  E?sy 
Pieces  tor  the  use  ol  bpRinncrs  tor  the  first  year  s  pracUce, 
I'iano  or  Organ,  SQc     OIT  All  of  the  above  ia  Full  Sheet* 

^:_i  _.-'y^*_.;.,..^  „„  *;„„ viOl'"  'N- 

■    Vionn    Music, 
Catalogue-^ 
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iortnimcbts  at    lowest  prices    ever    known. gsT 
G.  H.  W.  BATES  &  CO..  ImpoHers.  106  rtS 
Sudbury  St.,   BOSTON.  MASS.     ^ 


MnatP  Size     *"d     printed  on   fine   paper.      V'O' 

STRQCTION    book  and  558,  ri^<-ei   VioTii 

^tor  50,C.       Bend  Stamp  for  large  IlIuHtrated    Cat 
TA^of  *  ioVins.  Acoordec.n?.     Guitars,  and   all   kin 


5e:e:dsmmm  

We  Mill  send  the  Lightnings  Weeder,  the  most  use- 

)ul  Garden  Imiilemtiit  mail-'.  Frse  by  Mail*  to  onr 
ouewhosendiusSOc.  for-THE  HOUSEKEEPER* 
a  beautiful  mnnthiv.  ^ix  month?,  before  May  1st,  1885. 
Price  of  HOUSEKEEPER  i-^  31.00  per  year.  Thi3 
offtT  l-^  made  to  introduce  Duth  Wtedt^r  and  Magazine 
%o  fanners  and  farmers'  wives.  Wiederis  pra  tieal, 
rapid  and  thorough,  solid  steel,  oil  tempered,  and  has 
five  Fharp  edi^es,  Rnves  fingers  and  half  the  labor. 
Specimen  eopic-^of  HOUSEKEEPER  Free.  Address 
BUCKEYE  PUB.  CO.,  Minneapolis*  Minm 


SEEDSand  PLANTS 

BUY    THE 

BEST  VARIETIES  AT  LOW  PRICES. 

CATALOGUE  FREE. 

A.  E.  SPALDING,  AINSWORTH,  IOWA. 


THE   HANDIEST   LITTLE   BOOK 
EVER  PUBLISHED. 

We  have  sold  the  readers  ot 
lhi<  paper  many  boolia  lo 
their  satlsfactloD  and  oars. 
None  have  been  more  pleaa- 
irig  to  the  public  thao  thia  we 
nnw  offer,  It  is  called  the 
"  I'oiiCe*  «f  Be»»t  Soci- 
ety." A  complete  miinu- 
ui  of  KocletT  etIqueMe. 
li  will  leach  you  at  ftuce 
what  it  would  otherwise  re- 
quire years  of  experieoec,  and 
many  awkward  mistakes,  to 
instil  and  ennhle  you  to  soon 
acquire  the  ease  and  pleasing 
miuiDer  of  old  niomhers  of 
society.  Our  price  for  this 
liouk  bv  mail,  post-paid,  is 
only  ftO  cents.  It  is  well 
ttuiind  In  oloth  Hod  irold. 

EVERY   Y0UN6  MAN  AHO  WOMAN   SMOULO  HAVE  IT. 

Order  now,  and  a=k  for  a  li^I  of  our  biioke,     Addrt-s,  with  50  cts. 
in   atampa   or  postal-note, 

FRANKLIN  NEWS  COMPANY, 

pmL.\I>ELPllIA.  PEXNA. 


*  The  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  IV. 


JULY,    1885. 


No.  XI. 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 


SabscrlpttoiiB  n 

them  from  Jaiitjarv  o 


'legLTi  with  am  ijumtier,  bui  wl'  jireler  ti>  dale 
cli  \ear.     Price  lifiyceuts  a  vear,  in  advance- 

KenewaU  can  be  eent  dow.  do  maiter  wlieii  ihe  Bubscription 
expires,  and  ihe  lime  will  be  added  to  that  to  which  ihe  subscriber 
ie  already  entitled. 

KeiiilttanceB  may  be  made  at,  our  risk  br  Post  Office  Order, 
Postal  Note,  Kegiitered  Letter,  :^lamps  and  Canadian  Wunev  are 
taken,  but  ir  sent  in  ordinary  kiiira  are  at  »our  risk.  We  do  not 
mdviae  you  w  send  mobey  )r  hi aiiipB  without  regmeriog.  See  instruo- 
tlona  oa  page  12 

Keeeipt^.  — We  send  a  receipt  'nr  all  monev  lent  ui.  If  job  do 
Dot  hear  Iroui  ui  in  a  rurasoiiable  nine,  write  again. 

AddrCHses.— No  matter  how  often  you  have  written  to  us.  please 
ElwavB  give  your  full  name,  post  office  and  Slate.  We  have  do  wav 
to  And  your  name  except  from  the  addres*. 

Names  canom  he  guessed,  lo  write  them  plaiaW  and  !n  full.  If  a 
Udy,  aUvavs  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs,  Samaiitha  Allen  one  lime 
and  Mri.  Josiah  Alle-  neit.  If  yon  do  ri..i  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before 
your  signature,  do  not  t>t  offended  iT  we  make  a  mistake  on  this  point. 

Error*.— We  mnke  them;  so  dots  every  one,  and  we  will  chcerrullv 
correct  them  if  you  write  us.  Try  to  write  us  good  naturedh,  but  if 
you  cannot,  then  write  to  us  any  way.  Do  not  complain  to  anr 
one  else  or  let  it  pass.  We  want  an  ea'rly  opportunity  to  make  right 
any  iujustice  we  ma*  do. 

ADVEKTISIXU  K\TE«.-From  Isaue  ot  January, 
1H85,  to  Ikeci-mber,  1  M85,  IiicluNt%-e,  €0  cenla  per  Acute 
line  each  Inxertlun. 

C1IILI»  BROS.    Je  CO.,  Publlahers, 
No.  725  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


only  one-fourth  that  amount  of  labor  If  It  were 
judiciously  laid  out  and  systematically  planted, 
and  if  the  laborer  was  provided  with  a  good 
horse  cultivator  and  one  of  the  modern  improved 
wheel-hoes.  How  easy  this  could  be  done!  What 
an  improvement  in  appearance !  What  a  saving 
in  labor!  - 

Clear  the  old  radish  and  lettuce  beds  from  rub- 
bish and  replant  with  other  stuff.  Have  evei'y 
spot  occupied  by  healthy,  growing  vegetation. 
Keep  the  garden  in  cultivation  and  looking  line. 

Turnips  should  be  planted  this  month.  Do  not 
neglect  to  dust  the  young  plants  with  plaster  or 
ashes,  to  keep  the  flea  beetle  off. 


CULTIVATING.* 


THE     FARMER'S     HOME    GARDEN. 

Here  we  are,  all  out  of  breath,  running  with 
might  and  main  after  knowledge;  yet  alj  we  can 
expect  to  do  Is  to  get  hold  of  truth's  coat  tails. 
Before  we  can  get  abreast  of  it  we  are  called  off 
the  race,  and  from  this  reasoti  alone  do  I  deplore 
the  shortness  of  human  life. 

If  woman  is  a  delusion  and  life  is  a  delusion,  It 
Is  wonderful  how  men  will  liug  a  dfeluslon,  and  I 
confess  that  1  would  like  to  live  two  (»r  three 
lives  or  stick  to  the  one  I  have  quite  light,  as 
long  as  I  am  In  trim  for  the  pursuit  of  knowledge 
and  truth.    Or  are  these  delusions  also? 


Yet  we  are  apt  to  lag  behind  in  This  cnase  after 
agricultural  knowledge,  or  get  careless  in  its  dis- 
tribution. Who  is  infallible?  1  leel  like  thank- 
ing W.C.Steele,  of  Florida,  for  his  sharp  criti- 
cism of  my  May  article  of  Farm  and  (jtarden. 
Il  I  am  in  prror,  please  correct  me,  and  I  will 
thank  you  fur  it  every  time. 

I  have  no  prejudice  whatever  against  hand- 
drills.  I  have  used  Matthews'  a  great  deal,  and 
perhaps  am  prejudiced  in  its  favor.  Many  others, 
like  Mr.  Steele,  prefer  the  Planet  Jr.,  which  has 
the  points  of  superiority  mentioned  by  him  in 
June  number.  Still,  Matthews'  drill  is  an  old 
friend  of  mine,  and  1  have  used  it  for  sowing 
almost  all  kinds  of  seeds  with  the  exception  of 
salsify.  ^ 

My  remark  that  I  consider  It  "shiftless  to  sow 
seeds  with  a  hand-drill,"  must  be  construed  as 
limited  to  beet  seed  entirely.  I,  as  well  as  every 
other  grower  of  experience,  can  plant  confidently 
and  successfully  with  Matthews'  or  Planet  Jr. 
drills  or  any  other,  or  by  hand  either.  But  the 
way  described  in  my  May  article  is  the  easiest 
and  safest  for  the  novice,  and  good  enough  for 
all.  If  you  have  a  drill  wliioh  will  sow  soaked 
seeds  perfectly,  and  drop  from  three  to  five  seeds 
in  a  bunch  every  twelve  inches  or  so  apart,  I 
would  advise  planting  in  that  way.  We  also 
have  to  consider  that  the  home  gardener  hardly 
ever  has  a  hand-drill  at  his  command. 

In  sowing  peas,  beans,  corn,  etc.,  per  hand- 
drill,  I  make  it  a  practice  to  mark  off  the  ground 
with  a  one-horse  mariner,  making  tlie  marks 
quite  deep,  then  plant  in  the  bottom  of  these  fur- 
rows. In  such  a  case  Matthews'  drill,  with  its 
one  wheel,  is  greatly  to  be  preferred  to  the  double 
wheel  drills.  , 

•V 

During  the  last  few  weeks  I  have  seen  many 
very  fine  home  gardens  In  the  South,  with 
tomato  plants  by  the  hundred  and  cabbages  by 
the  thousand.  Two  things,  however,  are  sadly 
needed,  namely :  System  in  planting  and  good 
tools.  As  It  Is,  a  southern  garden  of  little  over 
one  acre  In  extent,  requires  one  man's  work 
during  the  season.    The  garden  would  require 


HaiTOw  and  Culliialur.    Sliotel  Plow. 
Leiel  CuUiiuiittg  vs.  Hilling, 


Hoe. 


The  object  of  the  cultivation  given  to  the  potato 
held  Is  three-lold;— 1.  To  keep  down  every  sign 
of  weed  growl  li;  2.  To  keep  the  soil  weU  pul- 
verized, tine  and  mellow;  3.  To  prune  the  roots; 
and  all  this  restricted  to  the  earlier  period  of 
growih. 

For  Mie  first  two  or  three  weeks  after  planting 
and  up  to  the  time  when  the  vines  are  three  or 
lour  inches  high,  a  common  light  harrow  or 
drag  IS  Ihe  only  tool  required.  It  answers  all 
three  purposes  perfectly;  and,  indeed,  with  an 
inslgnillcant  amount  of  labor.  One  harrowing 
actually  does  more  good  and  shows  more  lasting 
efTecls  than  three  cultlvatings.  It  Is  better  than 
liand  hoeing.  The  cultivator,  like  Saul,  slew 
thousands  (of  weeds).  The  harrow  is  the  David, 
wlio  slays  his  ten  thousands.  The  harrow  makes 
the  ground  mellow  in  and  around  every  hill,  and 
leaves  not  a  weed. 

'Wie  slight  root-pruning  caused  by  the  drag 
teeth,  seems  to  be  a  decided  benefit  In  this  early 
stage  of  growth,  and  to  result  in  an  increased 
development  of  the  rootlets,  which  act  as  feeders 
and  supporters.  The  plants  respond  to  this 
treatment  with  astonishing  quickness.  They 
seem  to  grow  visibly. 

Some  farmers  understand  this  principle  very 
well,  and  not  con- 
tented with  lig:hl 
pruning,  tear  the 
Mgure  6  roots  to  pieces  quite 

thoroughVy  with  a  home-made  iron  hook, 
lastened  to  an  old  hoe  handle.    (See  Figure 6). 

The  drag  perforins  its  work  lo  our  perfect  satis- 
faction, and   we  do  not  recouimeud  the  use  of 


Then  the  cultivator  should  take  the  place  of  the 
harrow.  Cultivate  shallow,  and  repeat  at  short 
intervals,  until  the  tops  cover  the  ground  and 
forbid  further  working  among  tliem. 

The  shovel  plow  is  not  needed  for  cultivation 
purposes.  The  practice  of  piling  up  great  moun- 
tains around  each  plant,  will  soon  be  a  thing  of 
the  i;  ast.  Soils  on  which  this  hilling  is  necessary, 
are  not  desirable  for  potato  growing. 

The  Editor  of  the  Rural  Neiv  Yorker  claims  for 
himself  the  priority  of  the  level-culture  idea.  He 
has  been  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  the  new 
method,  and  his  phenomenal  yields  have  given 
strong  testimony  in  its  favor. 

A  test,  made  by  us  in  1884,  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  the  relative  yields  resulting  from 
the  old  and  the  new  methods,  was,  for  certain 
reasons,  not  as  reliable  as  we  could  wish;  still, 
we  will  give  the  figures:— Hilled,  Early  Gem, 
quartered  lengthwise,  land  rich,  moist,  plent.v  of 
rain ;  yield  per  acre,  201.46.  Level,  under  same 
conditions ;  yield  per  acre,  294.61  bushels.  The 
tubers  under  level  cultivation,  were  much  larger 
than  with  hilling. 


supplementary  tools,  in  particular.  If  it  involves 
a  great  deal  of  hand  labor.     Enough  is  a  feast. 

Harrow  the  field  thoroughly,  first  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  rows,  then  crossways,  every  five  or 
six  days,  and  stop  only  when  the  plants  get  so 


MiUed. 
large  that  injury  to  them  must  be  feared.    If  a 
sufUclency   of  seed   is  used,  this  will   be  soon 
enough. 


SLOBOOTS   IN    HIS  GARDEN. 

B;/  Bredy  Aich. 

Sloboots'  garden  is  improving.  The  first  crop 
of  weeds  has  been  plowed  under.  This  was  a 
grand  slaugnter  of  the  pigweeds  and  pusley,  the 
burdock  and  birdweed,  the  dandelion  and  the 
docks.  To  be  sure,  in  order  to  do  this,  the  early 
crops  were  withheld.  There  was  no  rush  to  see 
how  soon  after  the  last  snow  was  off  that  the 
squashes  could  be  in.  Sloboots  held  his  vaulting 
ambition  by  a  close  rein,  and  when  the  garden 
was  fairly  overflowing  with  sorrel  and  lapin,  he 
went  in  and  plowed  the  whole  area  except  the 
borders,  when  the  strawberries  calmly  awaited 
their  late  in  the  forming  sod.  The  plowman  was 
a  neighbor  who  had  a  honey  horse  and  a  plow  to 
match.  The  furrows  could  be  easily  counted,  as 
each  one  was  neatly  separated  from  the  two  ad- 
Joining  by  a  lace-like  fringe  of  grass  and  fine 
herbage.  The  design  that  the  plow  had  cut  upon 
the  whole  surface  of  the  garden  was  peculiar, 
and  seemed  to  please  those  who  passed  by.  AVhen 
Sloboots  returned  home  that  June  evening,  he 
found  nearly  all  of  his  garden  plants  had  their 
feet,  so  to  speak,  caught  in  the  furrows,  and  in 
their  own  peculiar  way,  were  imploring  to  be  re- 
lieved from  the  traps  the  plowman  had  set  ftir 
them. 

Sloboots  felt  that  theirdeserts  were  met ;  It  was 
good  enough  for  them,  and  began  the  assorting 
of  the  seeds  he  had  brought  from  town  that  day. 
The  lettuce  was  first  planted  in  hills 
in  one  corner  of  the  garden,  and  so 
exact  was  he  in  this,  in  order  that  no 
one  hill  should  crowd  the  others, 
that  some  of  the  seeds  fell  in  the 
grassy  depressions,while  others  found 
a  resting-place  upon  the  furrow  tops. 
Some  people  can  be  exact  when  they 
once  make  up  their  minds  that  no 
favors  must  be  shown— not  even  to 
garden  plants.  The  reader  knows 
that  Sloboots  was  not  a  man  to  favor  any  crop 
in  particular.  It  was  enough  that  seeds  were  per- 
mitted to  have  a  place  in  his  estate.  He  was  a 
thoroughAraerican,  and  was  filled  with  the  spirit 
of  independence,  especially  so  on  the  4th  of  July. 
If  a  plant  had  rights,  all  it  had  to  do  was  to  as- 
sert them,  and  they  were  granted. 
The  weeds,  having  been  brought  up 
on  the  ground  for  years,  knew  this, 
while  the  Innocent  seeds,  coming 
from  a  far-away  seedsman,  who  had 
shown  their  parents  special  privi- 
leges, did  not  realize  their  precarious 
situation  until  it  was  too  late.  They 
had  not  been  reaied  to  fight,  but  on 
the  other  hand,  to  dwell  In  peace 
and  rapidly  reproduce  their  kind. 
The  beets  started  out  on  their  mis- 
sion as  well  as  any  beets  could,  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, but  they  were  soon  beaten.  The 
cabbages   stretched    up   their    necks    and 

^I'Vom  new  book  by  ''Joseph,  "  entifUd,"Money  in  Potatoes." 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


endeavored  to  get  Into  the  sunshine,  but  their 
tiny  heads  soon  drooped;  they  lost  color  as  well 
ma  courage,  and  finally  yielded  to  the  choking 
weeds  around  them.  The  tomatoes  never  reached 
the  flowering  state,  and  between  the  weeds  and 
the  worms,  the  turnips  were  soon  lost  from  view. 
I  said  that  Sloboots'  garden  is  improving.  So 
It  la.  The  soil  was  not  very  good  when  Sloboots 
selected  It  for  his  garden-spot.  He  might  have 
done  much  better  for  the  same  money.  This 
fieason  he  Is  practicing  one  of  the  best  methods 
of  recuperating  land,  namely:  green  manuring. 
He  h€w  already  plowed  under  one  green  crop, 
and  If  be  continues  In  this  good  way,  he  can  turn 
under  two  or  three  more  living  dressings,  so  that 
at  the  end  of  the  year  the  amount  of  vegetable 
matter  In  the  soil  will  be  largely  increased.  There 
may  be  an  accidental  accumulation  of  weed 
seeds,  but  these  are  needed  If  the  soil  Is  to  be 
continuously  built  up  In  future  years.  Some  one 
may  say  there  is  a  loss  of  a  crop.  But  under  the 
most  favorable  conditions  and  best  of  care,  crops 
are  lost.  The  loss  Is  less  when  the  care  is  less. 
He  might  have  hoed  and  raked  the  whole  season 
through,  and  a  blight  or  a  bug,  a  hail  storm  or  a 
band  of  inquisitive  boys  or  hogs  or  hens  might 
have  swept  the  whole  away  in  a  single  night. 
Giirdening  Is  uncertain.  Is  the  land  not  more 
than  the  crop? 

SAWDUST  AND   POTATOES.' 

By  N.  J.  Shepherd,  Etdon,  Mo, 


How  easy  it  Is  to  make  statements  and  start 
them  on  their  way  through  the  newspapers. 
Plans  for  planting  and  cultivating,  which  are  to 
prove  of  great  benefit,  are  often  brought  to  my 
notice  only  to  be  condemned,  after  trial.  I  have 
read  the  statement  a  number  of  times  that  if 
sawdust  was  applied  In  the  potato  hill  and  the 
seed  potatoes  laid  upon  it  and  then  covered  with 
soil,  it  wovild  considerably  increase  the  yield. 
Trial  was  said  to  have  prnvrd  this  of  vahie. 

My  experience  has  sliowii  me  that  instead  ol 
being  of  the  least  value,  it  Is  an  actunl  loss.  1 
planted  two  rows,  one  of  Bninnells  Beauty  and 
one  of  Early  rose,  cutting  one  pound  of  poiatoei^ 
to  single  eyes  and  dropi>:ng  two  eyes  in  each 
hilL  .The  hills  were  eightef  n  Inches  apart,  and  1 
applied  half  a  gallon  of  good,  clean,  fine  sawdust, 
after  running  the  furrow.  This  was  put  in  each 
hill,  and  the  seed  deposited  on  It  and  carefully 
covered  with  soil  At  the  same  time  I  set  out 
four  other  rows,  which  I  maniired  as  follows:— 
One  with  ashes,  one  with  night  soil,  one  with  a 
manufactured  fertilizer,  and  one  with  stable 
manure.  All  rows  were  of  same  varieties  so 
that  tliere  could  be  no  difference  in  the  seed  or 
soil.  They  were  planted  all  on  the  same  day, 
and  my  idea  was  to  give  each  row  a  fair  chance. 
Of  the  potatoes  planted  In  sawdust  hardly  fifty 
per  cent,  came  up,  and  Investigation  showed 
that  much  of  the  seed  had  rotted  in  the  ground. 
In  the  other  four  rows  nearly  every  eye  sprouted. 
and  at  this  day  they  are  making  a  splen<lid 
growth.  As  there  were  two  kinds  of  seed,  and 
so  many  dilTerent  plantings  side  by  side,  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  the  sawdust  caused  the 
rot.  What  the  outcome  will  he  this  season  has 
yet  to  show,  but  it  will  take  an  extraordinary 
yield  on  the  hills  which  lived  to  make  up  an 
average  equal  to  the  other  rows.  Indications 
are  that  it  will  fall  far  behind. 


BONES   DISSOLVED  WITH   ASHES. 


bones  In  a  large  kettle;  the  ashes  in  the  hopper  i 
are  leached  and  the  lye  put  on  the  bones  and 
ashes,  and  the  whole  mass  boiled  until  the  bones  ' 
are  entirely  consumed.    The  mass  is  now  in  a  , 
doughy  state;  this  is  mixed  with  loam  enough 
to  make  it  dry  as  wanted.    It  is  now  ready  for 
use. 

When  lye  is  not  to  be  had,  this  mass  Is  boiled 
with  water,  but  it  is  not  so  good  and  takes  longer 
to  dissolve  the  bones. 

I  have  heard  it  said  that  caustic  lime  would 
dissolve  bones  as  well  as  wood-ashes,  but  I  have 
not  tried  it,  and  cannot  speak  from  experience. 


CONTINGENCIES. 
By  John  E.  Bead, 


When  Lord  Byron  declared  that  "  the  best  of 
all  prophets  of  the  future  is  the  past,'*  he  con- 
cisely stated  a  great  principle.  The  truth  thus 
expressed  applies  to  a!!  men  and  all  times.  It  is 
a  safe  and  should  be  a  constant  guide  in  all  the 
work  In  which  men  are  engaged. 

As  we  look  back  and  see  the  difficulties  that 
have  been  encountered  In  the  past,  we  may  be 
confident  that  some,  if  not  all,  of  the  same 
troubles  will  beset  us  In  the  future  ;  and  It  should 
be  our  special  care  to  provide  for  these  contin- 
gencies which  are  so  liable  to  occur.  A  chain  Is 
no  stronger  than  its  weakest  link,  and  no  greater 
strain  can  safely  be  put  upon  it  than  that  link 
will  bear.  So,  the  degree  of  success  that  will 
attend  the  farmer  will  not  be  measured  by  his 
efforts  to  adapt  himself  and  his  work  to  the  most 
favorable  conditions  which  may  possibly  prevail, 
but  by  the  degree  of  skill  with  which  he  provides 
for  the  untoward  events  which  may  occur. 

This  principle  applies  to  all  the  various  depart- 
ments of  farm  labor.  If  a  very  moist  field  is  to 
be  planted  with  corn,  It  will  be  wise  to  plow  It 
in  such  a  manner,  and  leave  such  large  open  fur- 
rows, as  to  Insure  the  speedy  removal  of  the 
surplus  water,  which,  if  the  season  should  be  wet, 
would  seriously  injure  the  crop.  If  the  plowing 
has  already  been  done  without  regard  to  this 
matter,  it  will  certainly  pay  to  plow  some  furrows 


for  drains  before  the  planting  is  performed.  In 
the  use  of  fertilizers  it  will  be  best  not  merely  to 
provide  a  sufficient  quantity  to  carry  out  the 
crops  in  case  everything  else  is  favorable,  but  to 
furnish  enough  plant  food,  in  a  condition  In 
which  It  can  be  easily  assimilated  by  the  crop,  to 
Insure  a  large  yield  even  if  the  season  should  not 
be  adapted  to  promote  its  rapid  growth  and  de- 
velopment. In  the  line  of  winter  food  for  cattle, 
it  is  important,  as  many  a  farmer  found  last 
year  when  it  was  too  late  to  remedy  the  evil,  to 
provide  for  tlie  contingency  of  short  pastures 
and  a  liglit  crop  of  liay.  A  quantity  of  millet, 
corn,  or  some  other  crop  that  can  be  used  for 
feeding  in  either  a  green  or  a  dry  state,  as  it  may 
be  required,  should  always  be  provided  as  a  safe- 
guard against  a  partial  failure  of  the  grass  crop. 

Again,  the  wise  farmer  will  guard  against  very 
seriuus  loss  (rom  the  failure  of  any  particular 
crop,  by  giving  part  of  his  attention  to  the  culti- 
vation of  otlier  plants.  In  seasons  wliich  have 
been  favorable  to  the  production  and  sale  of 
wheat,  farmers  who  have  grown  this  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  other  crops,  have  done  very  well, 
although  such  a  course  could  not  long  be  contin- 
ued without  Involving  a  heavy  expense  for  fertil- 
izers, or  seriously  injuring  tlie  land.  But  when 
the  seasons  have  been  bad,  the  prices  very  low,  or 
sales  could  not  be  effected,  these  exclusive  grow- 
ers have  been  put  to  serious  inconvenience  and 
have  often  sustained  serious  loss.  To  a  still 
greater  extent  this  is  true  of  farmers  who  have 
grown  tobacco  as  their  sole  crop.  Now,  the 
present  season  may  be  remarkably  favorable  for 
tobacco,  or  some  other  particular  crop  which  the 
farmer  would  like  to  grow,  but  if  he  Is  wise  he 
will  remember  that  there  have  been  many  years 
in  which  the  exclusive  production  of  that  crop 
has  proved  disastrous,  and,  also  keeping  in  mind 
the  fact  that  there  will  be  many  siu-li  years  in  the 
future,  he  would  not  assume  the  risk  which  such 
a  course  would  involve. 

In  planning  and  preparing  for  the  future,  it  la 
always  a  sensible  and  profitable  course  to  give 
careful  consideration  to  the  contingencies  wliich 
may  arise,  and  to  make  suitable  provision  for  the 
difficulties  which  may  be  encountered.  By  so 
doing,  great  losses  can  be  prevented,  If  the 
course  which  has  been  advised,  is  adopted  as  a 
permanent  policy,  the  probability  of  success  for 
any  given  season  will  be  greatly  increased,  while 
the  results  during  a  term  of  years  will  be  far 
more  satisfactory  than  can  be  secured  if  provi- 
sion for  contingencies  is  neglected. 


Pletvte  mmtion  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


CRYSTAL  CREAMER. 

LATEST!     B£ST! 

Glass  Ciitis.  Cast  Iron  Wator  Tank-*. 
Paient  Ii'e  B<)X.  requires  hiile  \\ 
anv  Ice.  no  riisi.nocorr(KluiK-  \5'<*-*\ 
hv'hest  dairymen.  Large  or  sin«tl 
flairjps  anvslze.  Send2-oeni  siamp 
tor  rirculars  and  special  otTers  u> 
flrat  piirchaserloinlroducp.atonce. 

C.  r.KneclnntKUnadilla^N.Y. 


«^,?>S^  STRAWBERRIES. 

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Mention  this  paper. 


SCOTCH  COLLIE  SHEPHERD  DOGS. 
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70 


By  Thomaa  D.  Baird,  Qrecnville,  Ky. 

I  have  been  requested  by  a  subscriber  of  Thk. 
Farm  and  Garden,  living  at  Suffolk,  Virginia, 
to  give  my  method  of  dissolving  bones  with 
ashes. 

In  dissolving  bones  with  ashes,  there  are  sev- 
eral things  to  be  considered  to  prove  successful. 
The  ashes  must  be  good ;  those  of  oak  and  hick- 
ory I  And  the  best.  Some  say  that  wood  grown 
on  low  land  will  not  make  soap,  consequently, 
will  not  dissolve  bones.  As  I  have  always  burned 
wood  from  off  ridge  land,  I  cannot  answer  for 
this.  The  ashes  must  be  kept  moist.  Just  so  they 
will  not  drain.  They  should  be  kept  from  freez- 
ing. If  suffered  to  freeze,  the  process  ceases.  The 
smaller  the  bones,  the  quicker  they  will  dissolve. 

This  is  the  way  I  have  managed  my  bones  for 
the  last  two  years.  As  fast  as  ashes  can  be  had, 
they  are  put  in  barrels,  the  bottom  is  covered 
with  about  six  inches  deep  in  ashes,  then  a  layer 
of  bones,  then  a;  layer  of  ashes,  then  a  layer  of 
V)ones,  and  so  on,  until  nearly  full,  and  then  fin- 
ished with  a  layer  of  ashes.  I  use  two-thirds 
ashes  to  one  of  bone.  The  ashes  are  kept  wet  all 
the  time  with  soap-suds  or  chamber  lye.  When 
one  vessel  is  filled,  I  then  put  in  another  until  I 
liave  all  the  bones  used.  If  I  still  have  ashes, 
they  are  barrelled  away  until  near  spring,  tlien 
they  are  put  In  a  hopper  as  If  used  in  making 
soap.JJWhen  I  wish  to  use  the  bones,  and  I  find 
them  not  sufficiently  dissolved,  I  put  ashes  and 


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PENN  ARTIFICIAL  STONE  AND  FIRE  PROOF  CO., 

^  (Limited).  rfC, 

134  South  Sevenlh  Streel.  Philadelphia.  Pa.^ 

Gmo.  PiisT,  Su|ur.iii'  n'liut,  A.  E.  Si»vk?(8.i>,  .Secretary. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


GOLDEN   OPPORTUNITIES   IN   THE  SOUTH. 

Cbniimwd.    By  Joseph. 

"\  New  Settler  "In  Florida  has  fed  his  Jour- 
nalistic steam-works  with  my  fael.  He  comes 
sailing  along,  driven  by  the  wind  that  I  hoped 
would  swell  my  sails.  He  has  reaped  where  I 
meant  to  reap,  and  left  nothing  but  the  glean- 
ings. I  felt  robbed,  actually  and  shamefully 
robbed,  when  I  read  his  reply  (in  June  number 
of  Fakm  and  Garden)  to  Clayton  CoUamer's 
fever-tainted  and  feverish  ideas  expressed  in  May 
number. 

As  the  ease  stands  now,  I  will  have  to  be  satis- 
fied with  the  gleanings.  The  spirit  of  Mr.  CoUa- 
mer's letter  alone  makes  it  appear  as  self-evident, 
even  if  he  had  not  expressly  admitted  it,  that 
this  New  F.ngland  man  has  listened  with  great 
satisfaction  to  the  teachings  of  a  partisan  press 
which  has  been  hostile  to  the  South,  but  that  he 
has  never  set  a  foot  on  Southern  soil.  In  the 
main,  he  treats  us  to  theories  gathered  from 
every  source  except  from  facts.  Tlie  need  of 
theory  merely  proves  the  difficulty  to  produce 
facts.  In  the  present  case  we  can  dispense  with 
theory  altogether,  because  the  facts  are  easily 
established. 

There  are  malaria  districts  In  the  low  lands  of 
the  South,  but  rarely  indeed  have  I  met  the  man 
suffering  from  this  "worst  disease."  The  locali- 
ties are  few  where  it  is  dreaded.  We  are  not  to 
be  scared  by  ghosts.  Why  should  the  new-comer 
settle  in  an  unhealthy  location  as  long  as  nlne- 
lenths  of  the  country  Is  exceedingly  health-y  and 
free  from  malaria? 

Is  the  Southern  climate  really  debilitating? 
Far  from  it.  Are  not  the  nights  generally  cool 
all  summer  long?  The  heat  less  suffocating  even 
in  the  hottest  days  than  in  the  North  ?  Southern 
people  have  their  "servants,"  and  like  to  be 
waited  on.  They  are  used  to  letting  a  servant  do 
what  quite  often  they  might  do  themselves.  It 
Is  an  old  habit,  and  bad  habits  are  contagious. 
Northern  men  may  sometimes  fall  into  this  habit 
after  a  while,  and  get  lazy,  but  not  from  the 
effects  of  the  debilitating  climate,  but  in  conse- 
quence of  the  social  conditions  and  surroundings. 
Who  should  come  to  the  South  ?  Certainly  not 
the  man  who  is  contented  and  happy,  and  makes 
a  comfortable  living  elsewhere.  Let  well-enough 
alone.  But  if  you  are  dissatisfied  with  the  cli- 
matic or  other  conditions  in  the  North,  and  want 
to  go  South,  look  before  you  leap.  Go  and  see 
for  yourself,  before  you  buy.  Use  your  eyes,  and 
refuse  to  look  through  the  tinted  spectacles  of 
latid  agents. 

To  the  young  man  and  the  man  with  a  limited 
capital,  seeking  a  home  in  a  congenial  climate,  I 
say,  "  Young  man,  go  South  ! " 

And  now  I  wish  to  reassert  it,  for  the  one-hun- 
dredth time,  that  the  golden  opportunities  in  the 
South  are  as  numerous  as  cats  and  dogs.  There 
is  room  for  good  farmers,  good  gardeners,  dairy- 
men, fruitr-growers,  stockmen,  florists.  I  know 
of  an  excellent  opening  for  a  florist  or  rose- 
grower,  such  as  is  found  but  once  in  a  lifetime  ; 
ef  another  for  a  dairy  and  truck  garden.  "Khese 
are  cases  of  demand  without  supply.  Should 
any  party  wish  to  avail  himself  of  one  ol  these 
chances,  I  will  cheerfully  inform  him  of  the  par- 
ticulars on  application  to  Farm  and  Garden. 
As  these  letters  will  have  to  be  forwarded  to  me 
by  the  publishers,  stamp  should  be  enclosed. 
The  information  is  free  and  entirely  disinter- 
ested, but  the  applicant  Is  expected  to  investi- 
gate for  him.self. 

THE    POETRY  ANO    PROSE    OF  BBC    KEEPING. 

By  Mahaln  B.  Chaddock,  Vermont,  Fulton  Co.,  HI. 

It  seems  like  a  poet's  dream  to  bK  beneath  the 
maple  trees  and  watch  the  golden  messenger, 
shooting  off  and  upward,  glistening  in  tne  sun- 
light, eager  for  the  spoils,  and  retuKiing  honey- 
laden  to  the  hive;  busy  while  the  harvest  lasts. 
And  then  at  eventide,  when  we  sit  on  our  own 
porch  and  door-step,  we  can  hear  the  «ontented 
hum  of  the  little  housekeepers,  as  -they  sit  on 
their  porches  and  in  their  front  doors  and  fan 
themselves.  The  dewy  air,  fragrant  with  the 
clover  smell  that  comes  from  the  newly-gathered 
sweets.  And  as  we  sit  and  think  that  these  bees 
are  ours,  and  that  they  are  working  for  us,  it 
gives  us  a  comfortable  feeling  that  is  the  next 
thing  to  happiness.  When  we  open  the  full  hive 
and  take  therefrom  the  honey,  clear  as  crystal, 
and  put  it  on  our  tables,  it  makes  a  sweet  poem 
indeed. 

Now  we  come  to  the  hard  work— the  prose  of 
bee  keeping.  If  the  colonies  are  weak,  we  must 
build  them  up;  if  they  are  scarce  of  stores,  we 
must  feed  them.  We  must  get  our  boxes  and 
hives  all  ready  for  the  honey  harvest  and  swarm- 
ing time.  "We  must  lift  and  carry,  work  and 
watch,  watch  and  wait.  It  is  hard  work.  Hives 
must  he  moved  around;  honey  is  heavy,  and  It 
must  be  carried  in  quantities  or  much  time  is 
Ibst.  The  weather  is  generally  hot  when  the  bees 


are  doing  well,  and  our  hair  gets  in  our  eyes,  and 
when  we  have  bee  hats  on  don't  our  noses  always 
itch  ?  (Mine  alwai/s  does.)  Sometimes  the  smoker 
goes  out  just  wlien  we  need  it  most,  and  the 
angry  bees  get  in  their  best  licks,  and  our  hands 
swell  up  until  we  cannot  shut  our  Angers.  We 
run  here  for  rotten  wood,  there  for  coals,  and 
yonder  for  muslin,  and  then  we  want  the  scissors. 
We  tramp,  tramp,  tramp  until  our  feet  are  weary 
and  our  head  is  hot,  and  we  almost  wish  that  we 
had  never  seen  a  "  blessed  bee." 


JULY    PARAGRAPHS. 

By  Jbtin  M.  Slahl.  Quincy.  111. 

It  wheat  harvest  comes  before  the  cliltivation 
of  corn  is  finished,  do  not  neglect  the  corn  if  you 
can  hire  hands  at  a  reasonable  figure.  Each  year 
more  thoroughly  convinces  me  of  the  wisdom 
of  this,  and  makes  a  "  reasonable  figure  "  a  little 
higher  in  my  calculations.  The  weather  is  apt 
to  be  droughty,  and  frequent  shallow  cultivations 
will  relieve  the  corn.  I  have  noticed  that  when 
corn  was  neglected  during  wheat  harvest  and 
cultivated  afterwards,  in  nine  c;ises  out  of  ten 
that  cultivation  did  harm;  and  the  hurt  to  the 
corn  was  just  in  proportion  to  the  depth  of  the 
cultivation.  If  you  must  cultivate  at  this  time, 
do  It  shallow.  And  if  the  only  object  In  cultiva- 
ting corn  that  has  been  neglected  during  harvest 
is  to  destroy  weeds,  this  is  better  done  by  cutting 
them  off  at  the  ground  with  a  sharp  hoe.  If  you 
have  cultivated  your  corn  as  you  should,  this 
can  be  done  rapidly.       . 

Blessed  be  the  man  that  Invented  the  self-bin- 
der, for  he  has  made  the  farmer  Independent  of 
the  migratory  harvest  hand,  who,  in  nine  cases 
out  of  ten,  is  a  poor  one.  He  is  a  peculiar  institu- 
tion. Whence  he  comes  or  whither  he  goes,  no 
one  knows  or  cares.  He  travels  northward  with 
the  harvest,  and  when  It  ends  he  leaves  the 
country.  He  works,  or  rather  pretends  to  work, 
on  the  farm  only  during  the  harvest  season. 

He  binds  grain  poorly,  and  therefore  Is  a  tor- 
ment. He  does  not  gather  up  the  bundle  clean, 
but  leaves  a  bunch  to  be  lost.  He  uses  not  more 
than  twelve  straws  for  a  band,  therefore  can  not 
bind  the  bundle  tight;  but  he  would  not  do  so 
anyhow.  He  never  straightens  a  bundle,  and  Its 
butt  is  as  crooked  as  are  his  ways.  He  puts  the 
band  near  the  head,  and  when  the  shocker 
attempts  to  pick  up  the  bundle  the  grain  falls 
out.  If  the  bundle  is  finally  set  up  In  the  shock, 
it  will  not  fail  to  slip  out  when  laid  In  the  stack, 
at  least.  By  these  marks  shall  you  know  the 
poor  binder,  and  the  quicker  you  get  rid  of  him 
the  better.  , 

V 

The  great  secret  of  b'ndlng  grain  well  Is  to  use 
a  thick  band.  Draw  the  band  moderatety  tight; 
then  if  you  have  a  large  band  you  will  make  it 
very  tight  around  the  bundle  by  the  twist  you 
make  before  tucking.  If  you  use  a  small  band 
you  cannot  do  this,  for  you  have  no  purchase. 
\  large  band  is  the  secret  of  easy  binding,  as  tt  is 
of  tight  binding,  for  you  have  the  advantage  of  a 
leverage,  and  do  not  have  to  pull  the  band  tight 
by  main  force.  »  , 

Good  binding  consists  in  using  a  thick,  double 
band;  in  gathering  up  the  grain  clean;  in 
straightening  the  bundle,  when  needed,  in  put- 
ting the  band  near  the  centre,  a  little  nearer  the 
butt  than  the  head;  and  in  making  the  band 
tight,  tucking  it  towards  the  butt. 

The  band  should  be  tucked  towards  the  butt. 
In  bulging  a  stack  the  bundles  will  always  slip  a 
little.  If  the  band  is  tucked  towards  the  head, 
this  slipping  will  untie  the  bundles  and  spoil  the 
the  stock ;  if  tucked  towards  the  butt,  the  sHp- 
ping  only  tightens  the  band. 

Since  the  extended  introduction  of  the  self- 
binder,  shocking  has  become  the  most  important 
part  of  the  manual  labor  of  grain  harvest.  Some 
shocking  is  shocking.    The  model  shock  is  made 


of  twelve  bundles;  neither  more  nor  less  when 
the  self-binder  is  used,  or  when  the  grain,  bound 
by  hand,  is  of  medium  to  large  growth,  for  then 
the  bundles  are  of  a  fair  size.  Two  pairs  of  bun- 
dles. Inclining  towards  a  common  centre,  are 
first  set ;  then  one  at  each  end ;  next  two  at  each 
side;  lastly,  the  two  caps. 
•i" 
Some  farmers  say  that  when  only  twelve 
bundles  are  used  the  shock  is  sure  to  blow  down. 
I  dispute  this.  It  is  not  the  number  of  bundles, 
but  right  setting,  which  gives  stability  to  the 
shock.  The  bundles  should  be  set  down  hard 
Into  the  stubble.  They  should  all  lean  towards 
a  common  centre;  If  one  leans  one  way  and  another 
leans  another  way,  the  shock  will  fall  of  its  own 
weight.  After  all  the  bundles  are  set,  gather  the 
tops  in  your  arms,  and  pull  them  together ;  this 
will  make  the  bundles  settle  together.  For  cap 
sheaves  select  long,  slender  ones,  and  break  them 
thoroughly,  that  they  may  fit  close  to  the  shock ; 
and  turn  the  heads  towards  the  prevailing  winds. 
If  thebuttsare  puttowardsthe  prevailing  winds, 
the  caps  are  very  likely  to  be  blown  off. 

Twelve  bundles  placed  as  I  have  directed  will 
stand  as  well  as  twenty  ;  and  such  a  shock  will 
dry  out  much  better  after  a  rain  than  a  larger 
one  will.       '  _  ^. 

Wear  a  large  ereen  leaf,  or  a  wet  cloth  In  vour 
hat  this  hot  weather.  The  leaf  is  the  better.  A 
horse-radish  or  cabbage  leaf  is  good.  .\s  long  as 
you  sweat  profusely  yo  i  are  safe,  but  should  the 
perspiration  become  scant,  or  entirely  cease,  stop 
work,  and  go  to  tlie  shade  at  once.  The  best  way 
to  cool  the  body  is  to  pour  cold  water  over  the 
wrists;  or  if  this  is  too  severe,  stir  a  bucket  of 
cold  water  with  the  hands  and  wrists. 

Abstain  from  meats.  We  should  have  an 
abundance  of  fresh  vegetables  and  ripe  fruits  for 
our  tables.  If  we  have  not,  we  are  very  unwise. 
.\11  oily  rfoods  increase  the  animal  heat,  which 
now  should  be  kept  at  minimum.  This  animal 
heat  is  mostly  produced  by  an  internal  combus- 
tion—the union  of  oxygen  and  carbon.  The 
oxygen  is  got  from  the  air  in  the  lungs  ;  the  car- 
bon Irom  the  oil  in  our  food.  Hence  the  more 
oil  the  more  carbon  (fuel)  and  the  more  animal 
heat.  Vegetables  and  fruits  form  much  the 
most  wholesome  diet. 

>^ 

Do  not  sleep  in  the  sweat-saturated  clothing 
worn  during  the  day.  Bathe  each  nigTit  before 
going  to  bed  ;  rest  is  gained  by  so  doing. 

COMMENTS   FROM   THE   PEOPLE. 

Mrs.  Alrmi  Perry,  Danville,:  111.  "  Your  paper 
IS  Just  excellent,  and  I  will  send  you  another 
club." 

Mary  Stuart  Smith,  University  of  Va.:  "My 
roses  have  come  in  good  order,  and  I  am  recom- 
mending the  Investment  to  my  neighbors." 

J.  Bunting,  Bristol,  Tenn.:  "1  regard  your 
paper  as  the  best  and  cheapest  publication  In  the 
United  States.  I  would  not  be  without  it  for 
double  the  price." 

E.  T.  Daniels,  New  Kloma,  Kansas.:  "  I  have 
been  a  »eaaer  of  several  farm  journals  all  my  life. 
They  are  all  good,  but  for  the  busy  peactjcal 
farmer,  I  think  yours  is  the  best  of  all.  It  is  all 
wheat,  no  chaff  to  be  sifted  out." 

Jacob  S.  Ulrey,  No.  Manchester,  Ind.:  "Farm 
AiND  Garden  received  as  well  as  seeds  offered  as 
premium.  I  must  say  that  I  was  agreeably  sur- 
prised In  the  paper;  It  far  exceeded  my  expecta- 
tions, and  I  wish  you  a  long  and  prosperous 
career." 

Mrs.  L.  Kelley,  Washington,  D.  C:  "This  morn- 
ing your  book  accidentally  fell  into  my  hands  on 
my  way  to  the  office.  I  passed  it  around  and  the 
club  was  made  up  at  once.  The  sentiment  ex- 
pressed was 'you  get  a  quarter's  worth  in  one 
number.'  " 

I.  E.  C.  Easterly,  Willow  .Spring,  Va.:  "I  can 
not  afford  to  do  without  the  monthly  visits  of 
the  Farm  and  Garden.  I  have  been  taking  it 
for  two  years  past,  and  It  would  be  like  parting 
with  an  old  friend  to  quit  now.  I  regard  itas  the 
best  paper  that  is  published  at  that  price." 

Wm.  Lee,  JIanchester,  N.  H. :  "The  article  on 
Apple  Geoinetrides  Is  well  worth  $10  to  any 
farmer,  or  other  person  owning  an  apple  orchard. 
Nearly  all  the  apple  trees  In  this  city  look  as 
if  a  fire  had  swept  over  them,  but  I  am  confident 
that  if  your  article  is  read,  and  the  Instructions 
followed,  that  we  shall  be  able  to  keep  the  canker 
worms  under  control,  if  we  do  not  entirely  get 
rid  of  them  next  season." 


'ELESCOPES 


■   LEV 

pliia.    ts 


Spri~tar/e.-!,  Barometera,  Thermom- 

''  cv,  Pftntngraphic  Oiitrit^forAnut' 

Ijprr,,  'J'c^v,,!    M:rroscopeJs.  \V.  H.  WAI.MS- 

iv-  (O..  suir.^snrs  toR.  &  J.  Bf  (k.-Ptiiladel- 
rlllustratcd  Price-Llst  free  to  any  address. 


Jlevotvers, 
Rifles, 

^Oreat  WBftera^  _. 
esaWatks,Pltt>baigli^ 


■NIAGARA  WHITE  GBAPE.  MARLPORO  Bispljerry. 
H.  S.  Anderson,  Union  Springs.  N.Y^Catalogue./Vtfa 


SUORTU  Kt^fi^^^^'^sO'oroughlytaxtghl 
.■■^»»  •  ■•'*i'i'-*l'ynmil  or  personally, 
itiiations  procured  for  pnpils  when  competent. 
end  for  Circular.  W.  G.  OECAFFEE.  Oswego.N.  Y. 


LATE  CABBAGE 


erown  from 

.    .     ,  , 'I'liget  sioiind  ' 

seed,  in  lots  ol  lU.OOO.  at  sl'J.  For  luriie  or  snuall 
lots,  write  for  terms.  Also  CltANUERRY  Plants. 
I.  &  J.  L.  LEONARD,  ION  A,  NEW  JERSEY. 


BOVLESTOWN  HORSE  POWER, 


With  either  regoilar  Incline  or  level  rrrii  iri.k,  has 
the  simplpsit  and  most  efficient  coverih  :  m  ,  ;.  .  The 
DOYLtSTOWN  JUNIOR  THRESHER  AND  CLEANER  bas  no 
superior.  Ffir  lihisiratpd  f'aialoErue,  aridress  sole  manu- 
facturer,  DANIEL  HULSHIZER.  Doylestown.  Bucks  Co..  Pa. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


Oi^GHAi^D  AMD  Small  Fi^uits 

Omducted  by  Eli  ^finch,  Shiloh,  iV.  J. 


THE    CRAWFORD. 

We  give  a  cut  of  the  Crawford  apple  this  month. 
The  fruit  is  of  a  beautiful  yellow  color,  with  a 
faint  blush  on  the  sunny  side.  The  shape  and 
size  appear  in  the  cut.  The  flavor  is  good,  but 
not  equal  to  the  Shannon.  Tree  a  moderate 
bearer,  with  the  drooping  habit  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Greening.  \Vc  are  testing  the  variety, 
and  if  we  find  it  to  appear  valuable  to  our  read- 
ers, we  shall  more  fully  describe  it.  The  apple  is 
a  fine  keeper,  beautiful  in  appearance,  and  in 
season  from  December  to  March.  AVliile  there 
are  so  many  varieties  of  fruits  before  the  public, 
and  their  identity  so  uncertain,  we  prefer  to  go 
slowly  until  we  are  sure,  either  from  practical 
experiment  or  the  general  favorable  opinion  of 
others,  which  will  justify  us  in  recommending  it 
to  the  public. 

We  find  in  fruit  trees  that  there  are  varieties 
Buited  to  certain  soils.  A  variety  may  do  well  in 
a  sandy  soil,  and  refuse  to  grow  in  ji  cold  clay. 
One  variety  may  like  a  moist  soil,  another  will 
appear  better  in  a  dry  one.  We  also  tind  that 
some  apples  are  only  successful  in  potash  soils, 
others  want  lime,  and  some  also  require  bone- 
dust.  Take  a  row  of  ditterent  varieties  and  ma- 
nure with  any" special  fertilizer  we  name,  and  all 
will  not  be  benefitted  alike.  Some  of  the  varie- 
ties ^111  appear  greatly  improved  and  others  will 
not  appear  benefitted  until  the  proper  fertilizer 
which  that  variety  specially  requires  is  reach- 
ed. We  had  a  very  evident  proof  of  this 
last  year.'  We  planted  four  trees  of  a 
new  variety  of  apples.  One  was  near 
a  rich  compost,  wherv  all  the  fer- 
tilizers were  present,  and  it  grew 
finely.  The  others  refused  to 
grow,  turned  yellow,  and  ap- 
peared to  be  w<»rthless,  while 
the  Ben  Davis,  Grange,  Caro- 
lina Greening,  and  Red  Win- 
ter Pearman  seemed  to  grow 
well  in  the  same  and  adjoin- 
ing rows.  Knowing  that  the 
origin  of  the  fruit  was  in  a 
potas  h  soil,  we  gave  the 
three  failing  trees  a  plenty 
of  potiish  and  nuigncsia  (five 
pounds  of  kainit)  to  each  tree, 
8preading  it  in  a  circle  of  six 
or  eight  feet,  and  allowing  it 
to  wash  into  the  soil  l)y  the 
rains.  The  trees  began  to  slowly 
recover,  and  then  gained  very 
rapidly.  They  are  now  nearly  as' 
large  as  tlie  one  near  the  compost 
although  the  growth  at'  that  tree, 
at  first,  was  so  luxuriant  and  rapid 
that  it  grew  at  least  two  feet  before 
the  others  started  to  grow.  We  find 
that  there  is  less  truth  in  the  Idea  of 
suitability  of  soils  than  there  is  in  sulta* 
bilities  of  special  mineral  manures,  or  in 
other  words,  we  can.  in  any  reasonable  situa- 
tion, grow  to  perfection  any  variety  of  fruit  if 
we  supply  the  spe<'ial  mineral  salts  it  requires, 
wfcether  it  be  lime,  potash,  or  magnesia.  If  they 
are  supplied,  the  variety  will  flourish. 


unbroken.  Last  year  we  had  a  peach  tree  broken 
ofl"  by  the  wind  in  .Inly,  leaving  only  a  short, 
broken  stump  held  by  a  single  shred.  A  stake 
was  set  and  the  tree  carefully  lifted  and  tied 
firmly  to  it,  all  the  mangled  splinters  removed, 
and  then  wrapped  tightly  with  muslin  bands 
and  tied.  The  whole  was  covered  with  earth, 
well  packed.  The  muslin  bands  held  the  parts 
until  they  grew  together,  and  rotted,  giving  way 
to  the  growth  of  the  tree.  The  tree  is  now  equal 
in  vigor  and  beauty  to  any  tree  in  the  row.  The 
peach  tree  was  a  variety  we  were  testing  to  find 
its  value  to  propagate,  and  is  now  full  of  peaches. 
Ten  minutes  were  sufficient  to  do  all  the  work, 
and  we  are  saved  planting  a  new  tree  and  three 
years'  waiting  to  see  the  fruit  of  it. 

A  friend  of  ours,  last  year,  saved  a  fine  maple 
that  was  broken  oIT,  by  covering  the  ruptured 
part  with  clay  and  wrapping  the  clay  with  a 
piece  of  old  carpet  to  hold  it  in  place,  and  now 
the  tree  is  forming  a  beautiful  shade. 

In  staking  an  apple  tree  last  month,  while 
straightening  it,  the  tree  suddenly  broke  nearly 
ofi".  We  at  once  tied  the  tree  fast  to  the  stake 
and  took  an  old  sack,  tore  it  into  strips,  wrapped 
them  tightly  around  tlie  fracture,  and  covered 
the  whole  with  wax.  Five  minutes  did  the  work. 
Tlie  tree  is  now  as  thrifty  as  any.  is  set  full  of 
fruit,  and  will  soon  reward  us  for  our  trouble. 
We  shall,  as  soon  as  the  tree  grows  too  large  for 
tiie  band,  take  a  sharp  knife  and  cut  the  bands 
by  making  a  cut  downwards  through  them  to 
the  tree,  and  wax  over  the  cut.  Next  spring  we 
shall  have  a  fine  tree,  and  it  will  take  an  ex- 
pert to  tell  where  it  waa  broken  ofl.    Allow  no 


We  are  making  observations  on  the  diflferent 
fruits  in  our  trial  orchards.  It  is  singular  t<t 
notice  the  varied  api>earance  of  diflferent  fruit 
trees  in  growth— leaf,  bud.  and  flower.  We  have 
apples  like  the  Hyde's  Keeper,  with  leaves  al- 
m.ost  white  with  down  ;  others  like  the  Cietighel- 
mer,  that  are  large  and  green  ;  some  almost  blue, 
like  Carter's  Blue  ;  others  deep  green— almost  a 
black,  while  a  class  like  Simmons'  Red  approach 
a  reddish  cast.  The  leaves  difter  much  in  size. 
Some  are  very  small,  others  are  over  three  inches 
in  width  and  five  inches  long,  or  including  stem, 
six  and  one-half  inches  long.  The  color  of  the 
bark  is  as  noticeable  as  any.  We  have  from  the 
deep  black  of  the  Black  Twig,  to  almost  white, 
as  in  the  old  wood  of  the  Minch,  and  through 
all  the  shades  of  brown,  olive,  and  other  colors. 
So  great  is  the  difference  in  color  that  three 
years  ago  we  received  seventeen  varieties  for 
trial,  and  when  we  came  to  graft  them  we  found 
that  the  strings  were  broken  and  the  varieties 
were  all  mixed  together.  They  were  separated 
by  color  and  grafted,  and  out  of  three  hundred 
grafts  that  we  set,  we  find  only  two  mistakes. 
Close  attention  should  be  paid  to  small  differ- 
ences, and  the  variety  of  fruit  can  be  told  by  the 
appearance  of  the  tree  before  setting,  and  we 
may  he  saved  from  planting  worthless  kinds. 


A  tree  in  the  full  vigor  of  growth,  when  blown 
nearly  off  by  winds  or  broken  by  accident,  may 
be  repaired  if  only  a  little  of  the  wood  remains 


(Erarf  shape  and  .^tze.") 

wax  to  come  in  contact  with  the  fracture;  wran 
well  first,  wax  well  afterwards.  The  wax  will 
injure  the  new  wood  and  delay  the  union. 


Birds  are  invaluable  to  the  fruit  grower.  We 
always  make  them  welcome.  They  begin  their 
day's  work  in  the  morning  when  daylight  ap- 
pears, and  at  all  hours  of  the  day  they  are  busy 
catching  those  worms  and  insects  that  destroy 
our  fruits.  We  are  not  only  benefitted  by  their 
labors,  but  also  delighted  with  their  songs  as 
they  cheerfully  search  for  our  enemies  all  the 
day  long.  True,  they  eat  our  cherries,  but  it  was 
our  fault  that  we  did  not  plant  more,  that  there 
should  be  enough  for  us  and  a  few  for  the  birds. 
Our  kind  treatment  makes  them  gentle  and 
tame.  They  make  their  nests  all  around  us  and 
rear  their  young,  returning  to  us  each  year  in 
increasing  numbers.  We  have  no  tent  caterpil- 
lars, for  the  blackbirds  have  destroyed  .their 
nests  and  eaten  the  Inmates  long  ago.  Ten  years 
ago,  before  we  had  tlie  charge  of  the  orchards, 
the  tent  caterpillars  had  complete  possession; 
the  blackbirds  were  shot  at  and  driven  away,  for 
pulling  up  corn,  at  the  time  they  were  making 
their  nests.  Now  the  corn  is  coal-tarred,  and  is 
not  disturbed  by  birds,  and  they  fill  our  orchards. 
So  far  this  year,  we  have  only  found  a  single 
brood  of  caterpillars,  or  rather  the  remains,  for 
the  worms  were  taken  before  we  found  the  nest. 
AJl  kinds  of  birds  are  welcome.  Even  the  de- 
spised English  sparrow  is  keeping  the  canker 
worm  in  check. 


FRUrT    NOTES. 

The  Yellow  Transparent  apple  continues  to- 
give  universal  satisfaction  for  an  early  summer 
variety.  The  Yellow  Transparent  is  one  of  the 
few  Russian  apples  that  were  introduced  in  1870' 
by  the  Patent  Office,  that  has  proved  of  value 
in  this  country.  Its  fine  size,  beautiful  transpa- 
rent yellow  color,  good  quality,  and  productive- 
ness make  it  one  of  the  best  extra  early  apples 
in  cultivation.  The  tree  is  very  hardy,  with- 
standing a  severe  climate  in  safety,  and  is  al.so 
capable  of  successful  culture  in  a  hot,  dry 
climate  equally  as  well.  The  variety  will  prova 
a  standard  one. 

We  believe  the  Southern  Limbertwig  apple- 
will  prove,  in  most  sections,  a  desirable,  long- 
keeping  variety.  The  tree,  as  its  name  indicates,. 
has  limber  twigs,  is  a  healthy,  good  grower,  and 
is  less  drooping  than  would  be  expected  of  a  tre& 
of  such  limber  branches  and  such  an  enormous 
bearer.  The  fruit  is  of  medium  or  above  medium 
in  size,  a  dark  red  or  crimson  in  color,  and  very 
heavy  and  solid  in  texture.  The  quality,  when 
in  season,  April  to  June,  is  good  for  either  the- 
table  or  cooking.  We  know  of,  for  the  Middle 
states,  no  better  keeper.  The  trees  grow  well  on 
a  diversity  of  soil,  from  the  elevated  mountairt 
to  sandy  plain. 

The  Red  Bietigheimer  is  a  very  large  and  beau- 
tiful fall  apple  that  must  rapidly  take  a  place 
among  the  list  of  standard  varieties  for  all  sec- 
tions. The  tree  is  a  rapid  grower,  with  large 
dark-green  leaves,  making  a  beautiful  tree.  It 
bears  large  crops  of  fine,  rich,  red-striped  fruit 
alternate  years.  It  is  very  productive,  but  not 
an  unusually  early  bearer.  This  variety  is. 
valuable  for  market,  where  its  fine  ap- 
pearance will  always  attract  buyers^ 
and  its  good  cooking  qualities  will 
makf  it  one  held  in  high  esteem 
everywhere.  We  believe  the  tree 
will  prove  hardy  in  most  sections, 
and  will  prove  a  popular  and  val- 
1^"  v      uable  fall  apple. 

1^1^  \\       We    learn    by  Our    Countr}/ 

\,  \  J  Home  that  Mr.  H.  L.  Moody,  an 

extensive  <»rchardist    of   Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  finds  that  the  use 
of  Paris  green  in  orchards,  after 
a  two  years'  trial,  destroys  the 
curculio  effectively.    After  two 
years'   use    be  finds    it    to    V)e 
almost  ex  t  e  r  m  i  n  a  t  e  d.     We 
know  from  experience  that  the 
foliage  of  the  trees  are  much 
healthier  from   the  use  of  Paris 
green,  are  more  green  in  appear- 
ance, and  the  growth  of  the  tree 
more  rapid  and  satisfactory.    We 
expect  that  the  day  is  not  far-dis- 
tant, so  rapidly  are  orchard  insects 
Increasing,  that  the  use  of  arsenical 
poisons  will  be  deemed  a  necessity  in 
oil  orchards  if  fine  perfect  fruit  is  desired, 

'^Z         This  month   and  next  the  peach  borer 

deposits  its  eggs  on  the  peach  tree,  near  the 

root.     A  strong  wash  of  potash  or  soda  lye — 

one  pound  of  caustic  soda  or  potash  dissolved 
in  a  gallon  of  water,  and  the  trunks  of  the  trees, 
near  the  rof»ts,  wnshed  with  it,  will  kill  the  eggs 
and  young  worms  before  they  enter  the  tree  and 
do  any  damage.  Two  or  three  Wivshings  will  be 
surticient  if  applied  one  early  and  one  late,  and 
if  possible,  one  during  mid-summer.  The  cost  is 
small.  Heaping  lime  and  ashes  around  the  base 
of  the  tree  will  do  some  good,  but  is  not  safe  to 
depend  ui>on.  The  borer  will  find  a  lodging- 
place  above  the  lime  and  ashes. 

We  have  been  experimenting  during  the  last 
four  years,  with  various  plans  of  pruning  young 
trees.  We  have  set  many  varieties  for  trial,  and 
find  a  vast  difference  in  the  various  i>luns  of  prun- 
ing. While  some  plans  are  w<prthliss.  others  are 
positively  pernicious,  although  highly  recom- 
mended. We  hope  next  year  to  be  able  to  give 
full  details  of  our  experiments,  fully  illustrated 
by  woodcuts,  of  proper  plans  for  the  most  suc- 
cessful pruning.  The  subject  has  been  before 
fully  treated  from  general  principles,  but  the  de- 
tails have  been  neglected.  These  can  only  be 
made  plain  by  engravings,  and  should  be  fully 
illustrated.  During  the  last  four  years  we  have 
given  the  subject  special  attention,  and  believe 
we  can  give  some  features  not  before  in  print. 

Professor  Budd,  of  Iowa,  writes  to  the  I*rnirie 
Fnrmrr  of  the  Bogdanoft  apple,  speaking  of  it  in 
very  high  terms  for  its  hardiness,  color,  size, 
keeping,  and  dessert  qualities.  During  the  last 
cold  winter  it  bore  the  severity  of  climate  ex- 
ceedingly well,  coming  out  with  its  wood  bright 
and  uncolored,  while  the  Wealthy  was  discol- 
ored. He  d€'scribes  the  Bogdanoft  as  similar  in 
appearance  to  the  Domine,  but  larger  and  higher 
colored,  and  keeps  well  until  May.  We  make  It 
our  duty  to  learn  all  we  can  of  Iruit  that  prom- 
ises well  in  each  section,  and  describe  them 
from  those  who  test  them.  When  we  speak  of 
hardy  varieties,  they  are  recommended  especi- 
ally for  severely  cold  climates,  and  not  for  gene- 
ral cultivation. 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


We  find  the  following  in  a  conspicuous  place  in 
^•Fruit  Notes"  in  a  recent  number  of  an  es- 
teemed Western  conteniiiorary  :— 

"In  purchasing  trees,  tiie  greatest  possible  care 
should  be  exercised  In  the  selection  of  the  party 
from  whom  to  buy,  as  it  is  extremely  difficult  to 
distinguish  between  some  of  the  various  races, 
and  many  are  sold  for  Cyprian  and  Italian  trees 
that  are  nothing  of  the  kind. 

Were  the  above  fruit  note  set  in  a  column 
headed  Bee  Notes,  and  the  orthography  a  little 
changed,  it  would  be  good  reading,  and  contain 
Bome  excellent  practical  advice. 

Old  strawberry  beds,  if  very  grassy  and  weedy. 
may  be  renovared  by  burning  the  mulch  off,  il 
the  bed  is  mulched.  This  may  be  safely  done 
should  there  be  a  light  wind  to  quickiy  carry  the 
Are  over  the  bed,  as  rapid  burning  will  be  safer. 
The  space  between  the  old  rows  can  be  deeply 
cultivated  and  kept  clean  until  the  runners  start, 
then  cultivation  must  cease  to  allow  them  to 
take  root.  This  is  a  clumsy  way  of  doing  wliat 
should  have  been  done  in  the  'spring,  setting  a 
oewbed.^Do  not  forget  that  strawberries  want 
plenty  of  good  fertilizers.    Manure  well. 

No  better  way  can  be  desired  for  cultivating 
raspberries,  blackberries,  and  all  the  small  fruits. 
■as  well  as  the  orchard,  than  by  the  use  of  the 
Acme  Harrow,  which  wiH  pulverize  the  surface 
of  the  soil,  keeping  it  moist  below,  and  will  not 
tear  out  and  lacerate  the  roots,  as  would  be  the 
•case  if  the  plow  or  cultivator  was  used.  The 
Acme  Harrow,  with  its  long,  curved  steel  teeth, 
will  loosen  the  surface-soil,  making  it  iiglU  and 
friable,  and  when  it  comes  into  contact  with 
larger  roots,  slides  over  them,  doing  no  injury  to 
either  roots  or  harrow.  Deep  tillage  is  not  de- 
sirable for  the  fruit  orchard, 

"When  the  season  of  berries  is  over,  collect 
«,U  the  crates  and  berry  boxes  and  store  them 
away  for  next  season's  use.  The  farm  not  only 
looks  bette»'  from  having  the  crates  and  boxes 
igalhered  from  the  field,  but  also  indicates  a  care- 
ful and  thrifty  farmer.  We  passed  berry  fields 
last  winter  where  boxes  and  crates  were  strewn 
in  confusion  everywhere,  and  about  the  railroad 
stations  were  piled  crates  and  boxes  exposed  to 
"wind  and  rain.  With  such  management,  berries 
do  not  pay.  We  also  saw  in  many  peach  or- 
chards baskets  left  over  from  last  year's  picking. 
The  baskets  are  there  yet  we  presume,  ready  for 
UBe>  but  BUch  things  do  not  pay  or  present  9,  tidy 
appea»'ance. 

The  soil  will  dry  Very  l'at>ldly  and  to  a  gre^i 
depth  if  allowed  to  get  hafd  and  compact,  Therf 
Is  but  a  small  space  left  for  aif  in  solid  soils, 
and  from  this  fact  they  become  hot  and  dry  to  a 
great  depth  in  summer.  While  if  air  is  present. 
Afi  It  is  in  loose  soils,  being  such  a  poor  conductor 
<5f  heat,  it  will  allow  only  a  small  portion  of  soil 
ito  'becfime  hot,  which  soon  cools  at  night  and  is 
filled  with  a  copious  dew,  not  only  retaining  the 
imolsture  already  m  the  soil,  but  adding  to  it  at  11 
«eason  when  moisture  is  especially  desirable. 
Newly-set  trees  are  always  benefitted  by  cultiva- 
tion, because  all  their  roots  are  surface-roots, 
4ind  cannot  tbiive  in  a  hot,  dpy,  coinpact  soil. 
Hence  the  necessity  of  summer  surface-cultiva- 
ition  of  newly-set  trees. 


LETTER   FROM    NEW   ZEALAND. 

diaries  Ryley.  Taranaki,  New  Zealand. 


May  I  begin  by  thanking  Mr.  Munson  for  his 
kind  letter  in  your  February  number,  replying 
to  several  of  my  questions.  On  the  strength  o; 
his  advice  I  am  allowing  the  grass  to  grow  around 
my  pear  trees,  and  hope  to  be  able  to  report 
satisfactory  results  eitlier  next  season  or  the 
following  one.  Apple  trees  I  still  keep  a  circle 
of  from  four  to  six  feet  diameter  clean  around 
each  tree,  as  it  enables  nie  to  inspect  the  crown 
of  the  root  occasionally,  in  case  there  should  be 
any  signs  of  my  enemy  the  "  root  fungus."  My 
orchard,  where  I  have  my  plum  trees,  I  keep 
clean  right  through,  as  I  find  that  course  is 
generally  recommended  for  plums.  Mr,  Munson's 
explanation  of  the  root  fungus  o-r  **root'-rot" 
tallys  to  some  extent  with  my  own  impression 
of  the  disease,  but  still  there  are  features  in  the 
case  which  do  not  quite  admit  of  the  solution 
given,  and  which  point  more  to  its  cans©  beint; 
inherent  in  the  soiC  If  excess  of  moisture  at  tht^ 
roots  was  the  cause  of  their  decay  how  could  il 
attack  as  it  does  furze  bushes  planted  on  top  01 
a  bank  of  sods  five  feet  higii,  and  not  over  a  foot 
and  a  half  to  two  feet  thick,  in  which  there  Is  no 
chance  of  the  water  lodging.!  ">  In  many  case?- 
where  I  have  lost  trees  from  it,  they  have  been 
planted  in  light,  porous  soil  on  the  edge  of  abank 
where  the  natural  drainage  is  so  good  that  if  you 
were  to  dig  a  hole  three  feot  deep  directly  after  :i 
heavy  rain  you  would  not  find  a  drop  of  water. 
I  hear  that  the  first  importation  of  kainit  has  jusi 
fceen  brought  to  New  Zealand,  at  the  port  cm 
Auckland,  and  I  have  written  for  a  few  hundred 


weight  wherewith  to  experiment  upon  my  trees 
and  soil.  The  price  asked  is  £8  per  ton  in  Auck- 
land, or  about  the  same  as  superphosphate  of 
lime  or  bonemeal,  either  of  which  have  very 
beneficial  eflfects  when  applied  to  the  roots  of 
fruit  trees  in  our  poor,  light  soil.  I  have  been 
top-dressing  some  of  niy  apple  trees  which  suflTer 
fronr  tlie  AphU  lanigera,  or  American  blight,  as  it 
is  generally  called  here,  with  a  mixture  of  three 
parts  sulphate  of  iron  and  one  part  of  nitre,  but 
fancy  that  I  need  not  look  for  any  result  until 
the  sap  rises  in  the  spring.  We  iiave  at  length 
been  having  some  really  fine  weather  almost 
warm  enough  for  suniruer,  thoui,'h  the  days  are 
beginning  to  get  short  and  the  nights  frosty.  We 
have  not  had  such  a  spell  of  tine  weather  for 
over  two  years.  Some  of  my  opple  trees  have 
been  blossoming  a  second  time  and  a  few  of  them 
have  a  second  crop  of  fruit  on  them  already  as 
large  as  cherries.  These  are  the  early  apples, 
such  as  the  Irish  Peach,  which  ripened,  their 
first  crop  in  January. 

John  T.  Lallemont,  Denison,  Texas,  asks  the 

cause  of  failure  in  gmtting  stone  fruits.  Answer 
—The  most  probable  reason  is  that  the  grafting 
is  done  too  late.  Stone  fruits  must  be  grafted 
very  early  in  the  season,  and  even  then,  unless 
done  by  an  expert,  will  fail.  Budding  is  safer. 
Late  grafting,  even  of  apples,  seldom  succeeds. 


Isaac  T.  Skinner,  Clearfield,  la.,  asks  about  the 
proper  season  to  bud  and  graft,  and  howto  make 
grafting  wax.  Answer— Grafting  should  be  done 
early;  as  soon  as  the  wax  will  spread.  Buddini:; 
is  done  in  June,  but  more  largely  in  August,  and 
can  only  be  done  when  the  bark  ^ill  readily 
separate  from  the  tree  to  allow  the  insertion  ol 
the  graft.  No  wax  is  used  in  budding,  only  a  tie 
(M  Aug  to  keep  the  bud  in  place.  M'e  shall  have 
more  to  say  next  month.  Will  give  recipe  for 
grafting  wax  at  usual  time. 

Henry  Kolz,  Arboles,  Colorado,  asks  for  the 
best  work  on  budding,  grafting,  and  fruit  culture 
and  varieties  of  fruit,  etc.  Answer— We  would 
recommend  Thomas'  American  Fruit  Culturist, 
published  by  William  Wood  &  Co.,  La  Fayette 
Place,  New  York.  Barry's  Fruit  Garden  is  also 
good.  Downing's  work.  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees  of 
America,  will  long  be  the  standard  authority  in 
description  of  varieties.  Any  of  them  will  be 
sent  free,  by  mail,  by  the  Fakm  and  Garden, 
on  receipt  of  publishers'  price. 


E.  G.  Wood,  Northview,  Mo.,  asks:  l.-What  1« 
the  best  hiOde  to  keep  off  caterpillars  from  fruit 
trees.  2.-How  is  the  best  way  to  treat  a  tree 
when  a  large  limb  has  been  broken  off  by  the 
wind,  8.-Can  you  give  us  any  information  on  fig 
culture?  4.-If  a  seed  advertiser  sends  poor  seeds, 
how  is  the  way  to  get  your  money  back  or  get 
good  seeds?  Answer~{l).  Allow  the  blackbirds 
and  other  birds  to  build  in  :he  fruit  trees  and 
rear  their  young.  They  will  keep  the  trees  free 
from  the  worms.  Tearing  the  nests  off  with  a 
long  pole  will  also  demoralize  them.  The  yellow- 
necked  caterpillar  the  birds  will  not  eat,  and  are 
best  destroyed  by  spraying  the  trees  with  Paris 
green  and  water.  (2).  Saw  the  limb  off  close  to 
the  tree,  and  let  it  alone.  (3).  Will  answer  later 
in  the  proper  season  for  planting.  (4).  Seedsmen 
will  do  all  they  can  to  repair  any  wrong  done 
customers,  if  they  are  mode  sure  a  wrong  occurs. 
.So  many  impose  on  them  that  they  are  not  sure 
the  party  who  claims  injury  is  injured. 


BooNSBORO,  Washington  Co.,  Ark..  5, 19, 1885. 

My  object  In  writing  is  to  correct  an  error  in  an 
article  in  the  May  number  in  regard  to  the  ori- 
gin of  the  Shannon  apple.  It  is  not,  as  stuted, 
a  native  of  Arkansas.  It  was  brought  iiere  in 
the  fall  of  1833,  from  Indiana,  by  a  Mr.  Rector,  of 
that  State,  direct  to  my  neighborhood  on  Cane 
Hill,  in  Washington  county,  some  23U  miles  north- 
west of  Little  Kock,  and  was  never  at  or  neai  the 
latter  place  until  taken  there  from  my  Cane  Hill 
nursery.  Mr.  Rector  brought  but  a  few  scions  of 
them.  They  were  small,  vinslghtly  grafts,  and  as 
he  had  lost  the  label  liom  ihem,  he  could  not 
give  their  name  or  origin,  but  he  thought  they 
were  European.  They  had  not  been  grown  to  a 
bearing  age  in  America  up  to  the  time  he  brought 
them  here.  Being  unsalable,  they  remained 
after  all  the  trees  were  sold  from  the  nursery,  ex- 
cept a  small  remnant,  which  was  sold  to  one  of 
ray  jUeighbors,  a  Mr.  Shannon,  and  in  the  rem- 
nant was  included  this  unknown  apple.  When 
the  trees  began  to  bear,  the  apples  produced  an 
excitement  wherever  seen,  and  the  question, 
"What  apple  is  that?"  was  asked  by  nearly 
every  one  who  saw  it.  The  answer  generally 
was, '*A  new  variety  grown  by  Mi.  Shannon," 
hence  the  name,  the  Shannon  apple. 

After  the  trees  had  been  bearing  some  years, 
and  a  knowledge  of  the  apple  had  been  some- 
what extended.  Dr.  J.  A.  Dibrell,  of  Van  Buren, 
Ark.,  sent  a  specimen  of  the  apple  to  the  late  Dr. 
.1.  A.  Warder,  then  president  of  the  Ohio  Pomo- 
logical  Society.  Dr.  Warder  undertook  to  find 
its  origin,  and  he  identified  it  with  the  Ohio  Pip- 
pin. It  is  quite  evident,  from  his  own  descrip- 
tion of  the  Ohio  Pippin,  that  there  is  scarcely  a 
shadow  of  similarity  between  them. 

Browning,  of  New  York,  and  Phoenix,  of  Illin- 
ois, wrote  to  know  if  I  could  give  them  any  in- 
formation, I  gave  them  tlie  history  of  the  apple 
as  far  as  I  had  it,  and  sent  them  specimens  of 
the  fruit.  They  both  concurred  with  me  in  the 
decision  that  it  was  not  Identical  with  the  Ohio 
Pippin,  and  the  fact  that  its  origin  has  not  been 
found  in  America,  after  a  diligent  search  of 
neariy  half  a  century,  strengthens  the  proba- 
hilitrj'  that  Mr.  Rector  was  correct  in  supposing 
it  originated  in  Europe,  J.  B.  RusSELli, 

We  give  place  to  the  very  valuable  letter  of  Mr. 
Russell,  on  the  origin  of  the  Shannon.  We  wish 
not  only  to  accurately  iilustrate  and  describe 
fruits,  but  give  also  their  true  orjgin.  We  desii-e 
accuracy  In  all  our  statements,  and  If  our  read- 
ers have  any  information  that  we  do  not  possess, 
we  hotie  they  will  write  us  as  Mr.  Russell  has 
done,  and  we  Will  always  be  pleased  to  give  the 
information  we  receive  to  our  large  family  of 
readers.  We  desire  to  make  the  PVuit  Depart- 
ment of  the  Farm  and  Garden  as  valuable  and 
reliable  to  ttie  reader  as  the  other  departments 
are. 

Mr.  E.  F.  Babcock,  of  Russellville,  Ai-k.,  writes 
us  to  correct  the  place  of  the  origin  of  the  Shan- 
non. This  Mr.  Russell  has  done  in  this  col- 
umn. Mr.  Babcock  also  writes  that  it  was  for 
the  best  plate  of  largest  and  handsomest  apples, 
not  a  new  variety,  that  it  received  the  first  pre- 
mium of  ten  dollars  at  New  Orleans.  We  always 
want  to  be  correct  in  our  columns,  and  we  give 
place  to  the  correction.  We  believe  it  is  the  duty 
of  a  journal  to  enlighten  and  not  mislead  people, 
and  we  always  try  to  be  correct  in  our  staie- 
ments.  If  we  are  sometimes  in  error,  we  hope 
our  readets  will  inform  us. 


CIDER 


MAKERS 


Should  Bend  fop  oor  NEW  PDCC 

1885  CATALOerE  mallear  fit t 

Boomer  £  Boschert  Press  Co.  Syracose.H.Y 


TUr    PDCATNI'W   OriNCE.    "MCECH'S  PRO- 

I  nC    UnCH  I  Line."    Send  lorCirnilnr.    Largest 

stock  ol  >l  iill»ei-ri-  in  the  country.      C^taiouiiPs  FS*e<'. 

HANCE  a  BOROEH.  Rumson  Nurseries.  RED  BAHK.  H.  J. 


M    ■    ■*■■  VINES— Po'keepsie,  Red  Ulster. 
11    ■    UL  Prolific.  MA<;AKA,and  ofLer 

-^ "^ Si  other  Raspberries.  Catalogue  YVee 

JObL,  HOUMiK  A;  SON,  .Uerchantville.  N.J. 


0 
O 

M 
Ei 


Strawberry,     Raspberry,     Blackberry. 
Currants,  Grapes. 

TnelU'llnclli''  ■■lit,  -u.,l  a.u.i  u.w  varieties. 
Sluy  Kill]'.  .M:irllioro,  Early  CIuh* 
ter,  Fiiy.  \ljitr:iiu.  Comet.  Klt-fTtT, 
l*oitt.'h  Tfci'-,   A  f.    Si-iid   for  <'iita- 

iTe^JQKN  S.COLLINS, 


STRAWBERRIES ! 

.>Iiir  Kins  lor  the  beat  early.  C^oiinerticut  Queen 
for  late.     Itlni'lbovo  and  Itancnens  Knspberi'ies. 
\Vil9nn  .Ir.  Blanlihpi-rj-.     CATALOGUE  sent  free. 
SAMUEli  l^  DK  tOf.  lUooieslunu.  N.  J. 


INI  AGAR  A  WHITE  GRAPE.  HAKLBORO  Raspli.rry. 
H.  8.  Anderson.  Union  Spnngs.  N.Y!^  Catalogue  Agg 


ssion. 
H.Y. 


A  m?WrQ  Wanted  on  Salary  or  Coniiniss 
"•"Xj«  J.O  jas.  E.  Whitney.  Nurseryman.  Roclicster, 

Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Ctioice Trees.  Vines  and  Plants.  .Ml  tin-  ne^\■  varieties. 
Manchester  Strawberries.  Hansel]  P.asjiberries,  KietTer 
Pear  Trees.  Pencil  Trees  a  speeialty.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Send  lor  cirenlar  to 

J.  BRAY,    Red  Bank    N.  J. 


RED.  ULSTER  PROLIFIC,  anil  Duchess  Grapes. 

Send    to    the    orifjinatore    for    description   and    terms. 

A.  J.  CAYWOOO  &  SONS,  Marlboro,  New  York. 
THE  GRANGER  FAMILY  FRUIT  AND  VEGETABLE 

EVAPORATORS. 

S3..'S0,  S6.00.    AMI    tilO.OO. 

Send  lor  cirrular.  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'G  CO.,  268  S.  Filth  St.  Phlla 


I»OT-C3-HO"\7«7-3Xr 


Strawberry  plants 

tViily.  Auen^t,  und  Si-ptemtier  Prlce-I>I(»t  now  reody. 
FORTY  '  iri'Mies.  IncIuiiTiL,-  Kl  n  trfttdo,  Toi.eka,  an  i  Call- 

turiila, — these  throi.'  arc  m;ihini;  n  stir  among  fruit  trrowr-rs.  Alao 
Purry.  Mrs.  Garfield,  (.'oniclla,  Garrl»)oii,  Atlantic*.  Dan* 
lei  Koonf,  anil  Old  Iron  Clad.  Everij  one  uhu  is  inle'e^tei 
should  send /or  our  piicc-list  and  learo  how  it  is  done.  Prlcei 
lower  than  they  were  last  Spring,  ami  we  ship  hnndreds  of  tnile^ 
with    perfect   safetv,  e\en   in   the   hot  month  of  Jul  v.      Address 

C.  BOCCS,  MOORTON,  DELAWARE. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


OUI^  FbOWBI^  Gai^dbn. 


not 


Plants  for  Glass  c;ase.s. 

Fittonia  Argyioneuraand  ErantUenium  San- 
guineum  are  two  pretty  variegated-leaved  sub- 
jects that  succeed  well  in  a  glass  case,  but  care 
must  be  talien  when  watering  not  to  mIIow  any 
moisture  to  remain  on  the  foliage.  Peperomia 
argyrea  is  also  a  free-growing  plant.  Then  there 
are  the  little  Sonnerllas,  charming  jewels  delight- 
ing in  a  close,  moist,  warm  atmosphere,  and  to 
these  might  be  added  raanv  of  the  Sarracleneas. 
-'.  A  Remark  able  Rose  Tree. 

Gardening,   illustrated,    speaks    of    wonderful 
Marechal  Niel  variety.    It  was  budded  on  the 
Victoria  stock  in  llie  year  ISBo,  so  that  it  is  nearly 
If  not  quite  2i)  years  old.    For  many  years  it  pro- 
duced regularly  large  quantities  of  roses  of  per- 
fect beauty  and   rare  perfume,  but  it  was 
until  the  year  l»»;i  that  the  full  number  of 
blooms  were  accurately  counted,  when  no 
less  than  iVW  single  roses  were  recorded. 
This  is  believed  to  be  the  largest  number 
ever  grown  on   the  tree  during  one  season. 
In  1S83  there  was  a  falling  ofl  in  the  number 
grown  of  about  HKXJ.    Last  year  there  was  a 
further  diminution   to  S50  blooms,  and  it 
was  then  thought  that  the  tree  had  seen 
its  best  days,  and  that  considering  its  age. 
Its  vitality  was  on  the  wane.     Since  last 
season  considerable  care  and  attention  has 
been  devoted  to  the  tree,  and  there  is  now 
the  best  evidence  ol  these  being  amply  re- 
warded, for  at  the  present  time  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  this  year  the  tree  will 
be  more  proline  than  ever,  and  the  number 
of  flowers  is  estimated  at  not  less  than  3000. 
Fkeeztas. 

We  have  found  these  a  very  great  suc- 
cess, having  grown  them  two  years.  We 
plant  them  at  the  end  of  August,  six  to 
eight  in  a  pot,  and  put  them  In  a  cold  frame. 
They  have  leaves  in  December,  and  throw 
up  one  or  two  spikes  per  bulb,  each  having 
from  four  to  eight  flowers.  For  window  dec- 
orations they  cannot  be  excelled.  We  have 
tried  them  in  the  open  border,  wel  protected 
during  winter,  and  they  are  now  showing 

flowers. 

Tea  Roses 
In  pols,  that  have  been  forced  and  flower- 
ing for  some  time.  If  strong  yet,  \\\\\  keep 
on  makuig  wood  that  will  yield  tlowers. 
But  Id  l.ave  them  of  large  size  and  sulTicienl 
in  quantity,  the  plants  must  be  regularly 
and  liberally  fed  with  rich  surface-dress- 
ings. Where  any  falling  oil  occurs  in  this  matter 
the  after-^^rowth  will  come  too  weak  to  flower,  or 
If  a  portion  does  bloom,  It  will  be  thin  and  poor. 
Sowing  Trop«oi.um  Lobbtanum. 
For  blooming  during  the  winter  mouths,  the 
seed  of  this  should  be  sown  during  August,  in 
pots,  which  may  stand  out  of  doors  until  frosi 
comes.  All  varieties  blo«m  well  in  ricli,  l>ght 
soil. 

Primulas. 

Many  amateurs  raise  young  plants  every  year 
from  seeds  and  throw  the  old  plants  away.  This 
refers  to  the  single  kind  especially.  The  double 
Primulas,  of  which  there  are  now  many  beau- 
tiful varieties,  are  at  this  season  cut  to  pieces, 
each  cutting  having  a  small  crown  of  leaves. 
They  are  planted  singly  in  small  pots  in  sandy 
peat,  and  plunged  In  the  propagating  bed  until 
rooted,  afterwards  grown  under  the  glass,  and 
moved  to  a  cold  frame  in  a  shady  situation  in 
July,  shifting  them  into  larger-sized  potd.  Very 
choice  varieties  of  the  single  kind  may  be 
treated  in  the  same  way,  or  they  may  be  shakrn 
out  and  repotted  in  pots  of  the  same  «ize  ;iii< 
grown  in  a  cold  frame  until  the  end  of  Se[ 


to  receive  them  without  crushing  the  roots,  the 
Pieony  will  flower  in  a  cool  position  under  glass. 
When  the  flowering  is  over,  harden  the  growth  a 
little,  and  plunge  the  plants  outside  where  water 
can  be  given  freely. 

Mammoth  Chrysanthemum 

If  It  be  true  that  the  flowers  of  the  French  va- 
riety named  Mademoiselle  Cabrol  measures  from 
nine  to  I  en  inches  across.  It  must  be  a,  veritable 
sunflower. 

Double  Bouvardias. 

The  young  plant.s  struck  from  cuttings  in  the 
winter,  should  be  attended  to  in  the  way  of  stop- 
ping the  shoots  to  prevent  their  gettin?  long  and 
straggling.  Do  not  let  any  small  stock  of  these 
sutler  through  confinement  of  the  roots  in  little 
pots,  for  if  '.his  happens,  they  get  into  a  stunted 
state.    Where  there  is  a  large  conservatory  to 


flowers.    In  parks  and  large  gardens  they  should 
be  more  extensively  used  than  they   are. 

Sometimes  beds  of  them  present  a  rather  shabby 
appearance,  but  this  could  easily  be  avoided  by 
planting  tall-growing  Lilies  among  them.  It  is 
just  the  place  for  Lilies;  they  will  be  benefitted 
in  their  young  growth  by  the  shade  atforded  by 
the  Rbododfiidrons. 

Charcoal  in  Potting  Plants. 

Charcoal  is  good  for  all  purposes.  For  drain- 
age, to  keep  the  soil  sweet,  and  to  supply  ele- 
ments to  the  plant.  For  enhancing  the  color  of 
the  flowers  it  is  especially  valuable.  It  may  be 
used,  broken  into  small  pieces  the  size  of  a  nut, 
and  mixed  in  proptirtion  of  one  part  charcoal 
to  twenty  of  earth.  The  reason  for  charcoal 
being  so  useful  a  manure  is  very  apparent.  It 
has  been   demonstrated  that  plants  have  been 


furnish,  some  of  the  older  plants  that  have  been    rendered  much  more  luxuriant  and  productive 

I  by  having  carbonic  acid    applied  to  the   roots 
than  other  plants  to  whose  roots  no  such  appli- 
cation was  made.    Charcoal  kept  moist,  as  when 
buried  in  the  soil,  slowly  combines  with  oxygen 
and  emits  carbonic  acid;  in  fact,  it  slowly  dis- 
solves.   For  drainage  in  flower  pots,  nothing  bet- 
tei'  can  be  employed  tnan  two  inches  in  depth  ol 
pieces  of  charcoal  about  the  size  of  a  filbert 
New  Seeoling  ..imarylissis. 
These  are  becoming  so  popular  in  England  that 
many  of  the  prominent  growers  devoted  whole 
houses  to  them.    In  this  country  they  do  not 
seem  to  be  appreciated,  probably  on  account  of 
the  very  high  prices  asked  for  new  hybrids  (as 
much  as   825  a   bulb).    Yet   some   of  the   older 
kinds,  such  as  Johnsonii,  Prince  of  Orange,  the 
Vittatas.  etc.,  deserve  more  attention  than  they 
have  received,  considering  how  readily  they  are 
made  to  bloom  and  how  little  attention  they  re- 
quire  after    blooming.    At   thi^    season    of  the 
year,  when  done  flowering,  we  plant  them  out 
and  let  them  make  all  the  growth  possible.  Take 
them  up  in  the  tall  and  pot,  keeping  them  In  a 
mild  temperature  and  just  watered  enough  to 
keep  the  roots  In  good  condition. 
Evekgkeen  Ivy. 
If  you  have  a  plant  of  this  and  want  to  Increase 
the   stock    rapidly,  plant  it  out.      Take  one  or 
more  long  shoots    and    bury    these    lengthwise 
about  hall  an  Inch  below  the  soB.    It  will  make 
roots  at  every  Joint  and  start  fresh  shoots  as 
well.    In  this  way  a  wall  may  be  covered  in  less 
than  no  time. 

ECHINOCEKKfS  F.NNEACANTHUS. 

This  is  a  most  handsome  flowering  cactus, 
having  blooms  of  a  vivid  Magenla  color,  and 
measming  three  inches  across,— much  larger 
than  tte  famous  E.  Cffispltosus,  and  of  a  brighter 
color. 

Cactus, 
In  general.  If  kept  In  a  warm  place,  must  be 
watered  regularly.  If  plants  are  not  rooted  they 
should  be  merely  set  on  very  sandy  soil— pure 
sand  still  better— and  in  ca.se  of  tall-growing 
k«ids,  thev  must  be  fa-stoned  to  a  small  slick  to 
keep  them' in  place.  Water  but  little.  Cuttings 
of  Night-Blooming  Cereus  may  be  lelt  to  dry  on 
the  soil  until  roots  emit  from  the  end  of  cutting, 
when  It  may  be  Inserted  slightly  in  the  soil.  If 
you  can  gel  cuttings  with  side  roots  attached, 
these  roots  may  be  buried  in  the  soil,  leaving  the 
cutting  simply  lay  on  it.  Then  it  Is  impossible 
lor  the  plant  to  rot,  and  it  will  grow  just  as  well. 
.\  cutting  six  inches  long  may  just  as  well  be  cut 
in  half  and  two  plants  made  of  it. 

Cut  flowers  that  have  wilted,  from  having  been 
plucked  some  time,  may  be  revived  ijy  placing 
the  stems  in  very  hot  water.  .Merely  let  the 
lower  part  of  the  stems  be  immersed,  and  after 
the  water  cools,  that  part  of  the  .si*-ni  may  be  cut 
otl'.  This  treatment  is  not  recomniended  for 
white  flowers,  they  generally  turn  yellow. 


Ul  RISC  VS. 

cut  back  may,  with  advantage,  be  grown  on  to  a 
considerable  size.  If  given  plenty  of  room-space, 
say  twelve  or  thirteen-incli  pots,  and  the  points 
of  the  shoots  pinched  In  onci-  or  twite,  they  will 
make  large  bushes  that  will  bear  a  profusion  of 
bloom  through  the  latter  part  of  Ihe  summer. 
Hiiii^^i  IS. 
As  pot  plants  these  are  unexcelled.  The  bril- 
liancy of  the  large  flowers  always  calls  for  admira- 
tion. .Sometimes  they  do  not  have  fol  iage  enough 
to  make  a  good  show  in  a  bed,  but  when  they  are 


tember. 


Epiphyllums. 


Often  the  leaves  of  the  Crab  Cactus  become 
crinckled.  This  is  caused  either  by  too  low 
temperature  in  winter  or  by  defective  root  ac- 
tion. Epiphyllums  should  have  a  constant 
warmth  of  about  fifty  degrees  in  winter,  with 
Just  enough  water  to  keep  the  soil  moist.  If 
the  roots  have  suftered  either  from  too  much 
water  or  through  the  soil  becoming  unsuitable, 
the  roots  will  have  a  discolored  appearance. 
This  should  be  ascertained  by  turning  the 
plant  carefully  out  of  the  pot.  If  such  be  the  ease, 
remove  as  much  of  the  soil  as  possible,  without 
Injury  to  the  roots,  and  replace  in  a  clean  pot 
Just  about  large  enough  to  contain  the  roots, 
using  for  compost,  loam  (one-half),  the  remain- 
der to  consist  of  peat  and  leaf  mold,  with  one- 
fourth  of  the  whole  of  silver  sand.  Give  good 
drainage,  water  only  when  dry,  and  grow  in  a 
light,  airy  place  in  summer.  Epiphyllums  can- 
not get  too  much  sun  when  growing. 
P.EONIRS  IN  Pors. 
We  seldom  see  these  grown  outside  of  gardens, 
yet  when  carefully  lifted  with  balls  of  earth  and 
greets  uninjured,  and  placed  in  pots  large  enough 


'"$1.00 


in  VARIE 

lU      frte  by  inHil 

1  (Ipuntla.  1  <  eri-uft,  l  Mum- 

mlirurtu,  1    EchlnopHtft,  1    C. 

CiFKpltO<<UK,      1     E.  8ftl»plDIU, 

1  Kblpnalin,  »nd  8  other  varle- 

lies.  Colleciioa»  of  10  to  SOO  v»ri"«. 
A.BIaiic.3UN.llihSt..  PhiIa..P». 


RHODODEXDKOy. 


HARDY     PLANTS 

AND   ^BTJIj^BJS. 

All  the  best  varieties,  losi.'ili'-i-  "ith  iimny  no»ellie». 
will  he  found  in  our  Uenciiptive  CataloBue,  at  low 
rates.    Sent  free  to  all  applicants. 

WOOLSON  &  rr>..  I.™l--  Drawer  E.  Passaic.  N.  J. 


_.  ORNAMENTAL  ^r 

Foliage  planto 


GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATAT,OGlIE  MAIT,EI>  OlS  APlM.f CATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Ridge  am)  Lthlilli  Avenuef.  Philadelthia.  Pi. 


used  for  this  purpose,  other  plants  may  be  set 
I  pretty  close  to  them  so  as  to  make  up  for  this 

deficiency.  Our  cuts  shows  flowers  about  ^i  size, 
'  and  illustrate  the  double,  semi-double  and) single 
i  crimson.    Then  there  is  the  single  mauve.    The     — r^...  -.^  •>■»  ■■■  ntiirn  nnnTC 

double  yellow  is  also  a  pretty  variety.    Small    nilTCH  BULBS  AND  FLOWER  ROOTS 
I  pots  should  be  used,  as  they  bloom  better  when    "  ...  .  ^ i,..ik  ,.,.,.,„„.. 

1  pot-bound. 

1  Rhodopenprons. 

I     June  is  the  month  for  these  plants  to  be  in 

I  bloom.    They  have  been  rather  late  this  season. 

but  have  made  up  for  it    in  size  and  beauty  of 


Peter  van  Velsen  &.  Sons,  i*"'*  '?>'"  «i, 

^  OVERVEEN.  HA AUl.E.M  (HOLLAND!.    • 

iEttabll>hedl834^  hn'.: to  inlininK' thatthelr  NEW  WHOLE- 
sVlE  TRUDE  CAf«LOGUE  tor  1885  of  BIII.BS  nii.l  rU 
m-|,.!OI  S  am'  TliiSEKOrS-KOOTEO  PI.AJiTS 
is  i.oiv  I  .-udv  nnd  ninv  lie  liaij  post-free,  on  application. 
FIRST  CLASS  cbODS-VERY  LOW  PRICES 


I 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN, 


Plants  fok  Living  Kooms. 
Many  people,  both  in  city  and  country,  keep 
plants  in  tlietr  rooms,  and  not  a  few  grow  them 
there  from  one  years  end  to  the  other.  Of  course, 
plants  do  not  thrive  as  well  in  dwelling-rooms  as 
in  green-houses,  and  a  common  impression  ex- 
ists that  gas  Is  particularly  obnoxious  to  them— 
that  is— gas  light.  The  heat-drying  effect  of  the 
gas  flame  no  douol  affects  plants,  hut  not  lo  the 
extent  that  it  is  supposed  to;  anyhow  not  much 
more  than  a  lamp  or  stove  would.  This  evil  ef- 
fect may  be  remedied,  to  a  very  great  extent,  by 
Betting  the  plants  on  saucers  inverted  intootherB 
of  larger  size,  and  beeping  these  large  saucers 
constantly  tull  of  water.  Th;s  will  gradually 
evaporate  and  keep  the  air  around  the  plants 
in  a  moist  condition,  suUi.rient  to  counteract  the 
evil  effects  of  gas  or  stove  heat.  The  inverted 
saucers  should  be  large  enough  so  that  the  base 
of  the  pot  in  which  me  plants  are  srowinor,  does 
not  actually  ^tand  in  tlie  water,  although 
occasionally  this  is  beneficial  to  the  plant, 
especially  when  much  drainage  has  been 
used.  Maiden  Hair  Ferns,  Acacias,  and 
Primulas  do  first  rate  under  these  circum- 
stances. Also  the  beautiful-leaved  Maran- 
tas,  if  kept  warm  enough  during  nvinter. 
What  really  destroys  room-plants  is  mis- 
management and  want  of  light  and  air. 
Few  plants  will  thrive  long  unless  they 
have  both.  But  where  there  is  plenty  of 
both,  almost  anything  may  be  made  to 
grow  and  blossom  beautifully.  Geraniums, 
Fuchsias,  Begonias,  Gloxinias,  and  Abuti- 
lons  will  all  give  an  abundance  of  flowers, 
and  what  is  more,  these  will  not  be  infested 
by  insects,  as  Hoses  and  Chrysantlieniiims 
would  be.  If  flowers  are  not  an  object,  we 
would  suggest  Aspidistra  L  u  r  i  d  a  Varie- 
gata,  Marantas,  Ferns,  the  beautiful  Sanse- 
veria  Metallica,  Ficus  Elastica,  Areca  I^u- 
tescens,  or  almost  any  palm.  Even  small 
Agaves  look  nice,  and  if  kept  In  rather 
small  pots,  they  will  not  outgrow  your  win- 
dow sill  very  soon.  "Mentioning  Agaves 
reminds  us  of  Cacti.  These  are  the  plants 
just  suitable  for  room-culture;  neither  gas 
light  nor  rtre  heat  will  hurt  them.  In  fact, 
they  will  not  require  any  heat  at  all  during 
win ter,  providing  frost  is  excluded.  If 
flowers  are  expected  from  them  in  spring, 
they  should  have  plenty  of  sun  during 
winter,  but  tlie.v  will  not  want  any  water 
except  once  in  two  weeks.  Of  course,  \ou 
do  not  expect  these  lo  grow  during  winter, 
as  this  is  their  season  of  rest;  excepting, 
however,  the  Crab  Caclus  or  Epiphyllums, 
which,  with  good  management,  may  be  had 
In  bloom  from  October  lo  March.  Many 
persons  try  to  grow  Crotons,  Azaleas,  and 
Camellias  in  rooms,  but  as  a  general  thing  the 
result  is  failure  and  destruction  of  the  plants,  as 
these  require  an  abundance  of  syringing  and 
moisture.  Climbers  and  Vines 
Of  all  sorts  are  now  making  strong  growth.  In 
order  to  make  them  grow  just  where  they  are 
wanted,  a  little  attention  should  be  paid  to  these 
as  well.  If  the  runners  are  growing  too  strong, 
they  should  be  kept  in  check.  Vacant  places  on 
wall  or  trellis  must  be  filled  up.  Do  not  tie  them 
to  a  big  nail,  with  a  piece  of  leather  or  a  strip  of 
tin  ;  but  drive  a  few  large-headed  nails  here  and 
there,  to  which  the  branches  can  be  fastened  with 
small  pieces  of  brass  wire.  This  will  last  forever, 
and  is  very  inexpensive. 


Plants  That  are  in  Bud 
Will  be  helped  along  considerably  Just  now  with 
atop-dressing  of  some  well-decomposed  manure 
or,  if  this  is  not  handy,  an  occasional  dose  of 
guano  water  will  answer  as  well.  Twice  a  week 
will  be  sufllcieat. 

INCREASINQ  YOUR  STOCK   OF   ROSES. 

Koses  may  be  propagated  in  several  ways, 
viz. :— By  budding,  cutting  or  layering. 

B'or  layering,  the  strong  new  growth  may  be 
used  as  soon  as  it  gets  a  little  hard.  Make  a  slil 
in  the  upper  side  of  the  shoot  with  a  sharp  knife, 
and  bend  it  down  into  the  soil;  a  strong  wire 
bent  at  one  end  and  pressed  into  the  ground,  will 
keep  it  in  place.  Budding  is  done  by  taking  out 
a  piece  of  bark  with  an  eye,  and  inserting  it 
under  the  bark  of  another  kind,  and  then  tyin^ 
it  in.  In  case  the  stock  on  which  tlie  budding  is 
done  throws  out  suckers,  they  should  be  removed 


by  them  when  the  colors  of  flowers  and  foliage 
at  e  chosen  to  good  advantage.  Look  at  our  bunco 
of  Geraniums.    Is  it  not  pretty? 

Propagating  Geraniums. 
This  is  a  good  time  to  propagate  gerauAoms  for 
wititer-blooming.  For  a  small  numijer  of  plants, 
the  best  and  quickest  way  is  to  root  them  in 
tumblers  of  water.  Place  these  in  the  sun,  and 
renew  the  water,  should  it  become  offensive. 


AMERICAN  EXHIBITION,    LONDON,  1886. 


GEKA.\IU.\r. 

at  once.  Ever.v  one  knows  how  to  propagate  by 
cuttings.  A  clean,  shallow  box  may  be  filled 
with  sand,  or  If  not  many  cuttings  are  to  be 
rooted,  a  flower  pot  will  do  as  well,  providing 
care  is  taken  of  the  drainage.  Fill  your  box  or 
flower-pot  with  cuttings  of  half-ripe  wood,  then 
give  it  a  good  soakingof  water,  to  make  the  sand 
firm,  and  place  them  in  a  shady  spot  where  water 
must  be  given  when  required.  When  well  rooted, 
take  the  cuttings  up  and  plant  them  in  sandy 
soil,  using  two  or  three-inch  pots. 
Geraniums. 
For  cut-flower  bouquets.  Geraniums  are  seldom 
used,  and  yet  a  graceful  effect  may  be  produced 


TBotanical  Department).— .\mong  the  attractions 
of  the  American  exhibition  to  be  held  in  London 
next  year  will  be  a  garden  comprised  solely  of 
.\merican  trees,  shrubs,  and  hardy  plants;  in 
fact,  it  is  intended  that  the  whole  of  the  exhibi- 
tion grounds  shall  contain  no  plants  except  those 
of  North  America.  The  intention  is  to  nial^e  a 
representative  gathering  of  the  United  States 
flora  taken  in  latitudinal  and  longitudinal  direc- 
tions. The  former  will  represent  the  charicteristic 
vegetation  of  each  State  taken  seriatem  from  New 
York  to  California,  the  latter  from  the  Canadian 
frontier  to  Te.xas  and  Florida.  The  Orange  and 
Citron  groves  of  Florida  and  other  Southern 
States  together  with  representations  of  their 
Cotton,  Maize,  and  Tobacco  fields,  will  be  made. 
As  the  North  American  flora  is  of  peculiar  rich- 
ness, such  an  exhibition  will  not  only  be  novel, 
but  attractive,  for  no  country  is  so  rich  in  beautiful 
hard^'  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants,  and 
an  idea  of  the  resources  of  the  North  American 
flora  will  thus  he  presented  to  the  visitor  at  a 
glance.  From  the  opening  day  in  May  until  the 
close  of  the  e-\liil,ition  in  October  it  is  hoped 
that  the  grounds  will  not  only  prove  interesting 
and  instructive  to  the  visitors,  but  attractive 
also  on  account  of  the  peculiar  nature  of  Ameri- 
can plants  to  flower  in  continuous  succession. 
With  the  ordinary  American  flowering  shrubs, 
such  as  Khododendrons,  Azaleas,  Kalmias,  Eng- 
lish people  are  welt  acquainted,  but  it  is  iioped 
that  this  exhibition  will  comprise  large  numbers 
of  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants  which  are  compara- 
tively little  known  in  this  countr.v.  The  wealth 
of  the  herbaceous  plant  flora  of  the  States  will 
be  a  special  feature,  and  it  is  intended  to  import 
direct  from  the  States  representative  collec- 
tions of  wild  trees  and  plants,  particularly 
of  the  most  attractive  kinds. 

We  copy  the  above  trom  the  London  Garden,  In 
order  tliat  our  subscribers  may  prepare  them- 
selves for  this  great  event^"There  is  a  tide  In 
the  event  of  man,  wiiich,  if  taken  as  a  flood, 
leads  on  to  fortune." 


The  Society  of  American  Florists  will  have  Its 
first  general  meeting  in  Cincinnati,  on  August 
12th,  13th,  and  14th.  It  wilt  be  a  most  important 
meeting;  one  that  will  benefit  everyone  in  the 
rade.  There  will  be  a  list  of  very  excellent 
■lapers  to  be  read  and  discussed,  which  will  form 
in  important  feature.  The  exhibition  of  plants 
md  flowers  will  be  entirely  unique  in  character, 
liffering  materiall.v  from  any  exhibition  pre- 
viously made  in  this  country.  It  is  earnestly 
fesired  that  all  members  having  seedlings, 
novelties,  or  plants  of  merit,  will  not  hesitate  to 
exhibit  them.  No  plant  or  flower  of  merit  will 
i>e  unrewarded.  There  will  be  very  many  imple- 
meiits  and  appliances  belonging  to  floriculture. 
The  progress  made  in  the  construction  of  green- 
houses for  all  purposes  during  tlie  past  ten  years, 
is  of  great  value  to  the  trade,  and  the  latest  and 
most  improved  models  and  plans  will  beexh'bit- 
ed,  showing  ventilation,  arrangements  of  tables, 
?ost,  etc.  In  fact,  everything  of  interest  to  the 
trade  will  be  represented.  Florists  and  those 
interested,  who  have  not  already  received  a 
prospectus,  should  apply  for  one  from  the  pub- 
lishers of  this  paper.  The  president  of  the  society 
is  Mr.  John  Thorpe,  Queens,  N.  Y.  First  vice- 
president,  J.  M.  Jordan,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Treasurer, 
M.  A.  Hunt,  Wrigh  •  ^  Grove,  Chicago.  Secretary, 
K.  G.  Hill,  Richmond.  Indiana. 


0/iDEff  YOUR 

=BULBSE 

DIRECT  FROm  THE 

GROWERS, 


ANT.  ROOZEN  &,SON, 


0"\7':E3H.A7'E:E31>J',  [near  HAARLEM,]  U<3T  iT  b-A-JTI^, 

WHO    GUARANTEE    THE    BEST    AT    LOWEST    POSSIBLE    PRICES    IN    ANY    QUANTITY    TO    SUIT. 
PAOKI.VG.  FKKIGIIT.  DITIKS.  AND  ALL  E.XPENSES  I.M'I.VIIEK. 

No  garden  or  living-room  should  be  without  at  least  a  few  of  these  lovely  flowers, 

Utisurpassed   in   GORGEOUS   Coloring  and   DELICIOUS   Fragrance. 

APPX.Y   EARLY   FOR 

ILLUSTRATED   FALL  CATALOGUE, 

And  send  your  order  not  later  than  AUGUST  1st,   1885,  to  the  SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE 


UNITED  ST.\TES  AND  CANADA, 


DE  VEER  &  BOOMKAMP,  ( 


SUCCESSORS  TO 

J.  A.  DE  VEER. 


)  19  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


LilYE    STOGI^. 


SOILING   HOGS  ON   CLOVER. 


Quite  a  number  of  agricultural  journals  are 
disposed  to  recommend  the  clover  pasture  as  the 
best  place  for  the  pigs.  And  this  is  true,  to  a  cer- 
tain extent,  but  it  is  much  easier  and  cheaper  to 
give  the  pigs  a  large-sized  yard,  and  feed  the 
clover  to  them  instead  of  allowing  them  to  roam 
all  over  the  pasture.  As  the  pigs  root  up  many 
portions  of  the  tield,  they  do  more  or  less  dam- 
age, and  as  it  is  but  little  labor  to  cut  the  clover 
for  them,  they  do  not  waste  much.  Ringing  the 
pigs  prevents  them  from  rooting  deep,  but  not  en- 
tirely, unless  tlie  ringing  is  properly  done.  An 
advantage  in  soiling  them  is  that  they  make  a 
large  quantity  of  manure,  which  may  be  easily 
saved ;  while  in  the  pasture,  the  manure,  though 
not  entirely  lost,  is  imevenly  distributed.  The 
best  way  of  keeping  the  sow  while  suckling  her 
pigs,  is  to  feed  clover  to  her  in  her  pen,  which 
should  be  given  twice  a  day,  witli  sloppy  food 
morning,  noon,  and  night.  Do  not  wean  the  pigs 
too  soon.  Tlie  longer  they  can  stay  witli  the  sow 
the  better,  and  if  she  is  fed  on  a  liberal  supply  of 
clover,  she  will  give  a  large  quantity  of  milk, 
and  the  pigs  will  grow  fast. 


SHADE    IN   THE   PASTURE. 

During  the  extremely  warm  m«nths,  the  stock 
often  suffers  for  shade.  In  some  socWons,  the 
persimmon,  which  does  not  deprive  Ohe  land  of 
fertility,  as  do  some  kinds  of  In-ees,  are  planted 
for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  sliade,  and  every 
pasture  should  be  supplied  in  some  manner. 
Sheep  are  so  sensitive  that  they  begin  grazing 
very  early,  in  order  to  avoid  the  excessive  beat 
of  the  day,  and  their  second  meal  is  often  de- 
ferred until  after  sundown.  'Wlien  deprived  of 
shade,  they  suffer  severely;  and  should  di.sease 
attack  them,  tlicy  do  not  recover  as  tiuiclrty  as 
when  they  are  not  exposed.  Hogs,  especially  if 
in  good  condition,  often  perish  from  excessive 
heat,  while  the  cows  will  fall  off  in  milk.  If 
there  are  no  trees  in  tlie  pa.<5ture,  erect  slieds.  It 
is  not  necessary  to  liave  them  close.  Four  posts, 
with  a  roof,  will  be  found  better  In  the  summer 
than  anything  else,  .is  the  stock  will  be  sheltered 
from  the  tain  in  stormy  weatlier,  also.  Where  a 
number  of  different  Ijtniisof  stock  are  aMowed  in 
the  same  pasture,  it  is  best  to  have  several  sheds. 
In  order  that  tliey  may  not  crowd.  -V  few  poles, 
witli  brush  thrown  over  them,  is  better  than 
nothing ;  but  it  is  best  to  protect  against  the  rain 
with  a  tight  roof. 


STOCK   NOTES. 


GROTsn  fiuAiN  FOR  STOCK.— If  ground  grain 
is  fed.  give  the  liorses  ground  oats:  the  cows  in 
mitii,  a  mixture  of  gr4>nnd  oats,  me.al  and  shijv 
stutl';  the  sheep,  ground  oats;  and  the  pigs,  bran 
and  shipstair. 

The  Inskct  Pests.— All  the  animals  will  suffer 
from  i»sect  pests  now.  The  best  that  can  be  done 
for  them  is  to  darken  the  stables  lus  mui'h  as  pos- 
sible, and  keep  them  clean  by  reni«viug  the 
droppings  every  morning. 

Young  Stopk.— Wlien  young  stock  become 
sick,  tliey  should  not  be  given  medicine,  unless 
it  cannot  be  avoided.  If  very  young,  confine 
them  to  a  milk  diet.  If  very  weak,  a  tc'aspoonful 
of  brandy  In  a  little  water  will  he  found  the  best 
invigorator.  Drenching  young  stock  often  does 
more  liarm  than  good. 

Lice  on  Stock.— W'lien  lice  secure  a  place  in 
the  stables  or  on  the  stock,  they  will  remain  un- 
less driven  away  or  destroyed.  Dry  dirt,  used 
plentifully  along  the  backs  of  animals,  is  an  ex- 
cellent remedy.  A  wash  composed  of  a  gill  of 
coal-oil  in  a  gallon  of  millt  is  harmless  to  ani- 
mals, but  also  efflcacious  in  destroying  lice. 

Abortiox  in  Cow.s.— Should  a  cow  ia  tlie  herd 
abort,  remove  her  at  once  from  tlie  otliers,  and 
disinfect  her  stall,  as  well  as  cleaning  up  all  mat- 
ter tliat  may  spread  the  diliieult.v,  as  the  disease 
is  contagious.  As  soon  as  possible  send  the  cow 
to  the  butcher,  as  she  will  not  probabi,v  be  a  sat- 
isfactory breeding  animal  again,  and  may  dam- 
age other  herds  if  sold  for  dairy  purposes. 

The  Work  Horses  This  JIonth.— Horses  get 
but  very  little  green  food  during  the  busy  season, 
and  yet  it  is  necess.ary  to  their  healtli  and  condi- 
tion. '  In  the  morning  they  are  harnessed  for 
worl!,  and  at  night  they  are  consigned  to  their 
stalls,  with  dr.v  hay,  in  the  same  manner  as 
though  they  were  under  winter  keep.  If  the 
horses  are  allowed  to  graze  for  an  hour  in  the 
evening,  afti'r  their  day's  work,  they  will  be  all 
the  better  for  it.  Tlie  grass  furnisiies  a  cliange, 
regulates  tiie  bowels,  and  gives  them  better  appe- 
tites when  they  go  in  the  stalls. 


Select  the  Breeding  Ewes.— As  the  ewes 
should  be  good  milkers,  it  would  be  well  to  cull 
out  from  the  flock  those  that  were  deficient  In 
that  respect  before  the  fall,  filling  their  places 
witli  those  that  are  younger.  The  ewes  that  bore 
twin  lambs,  should  always  be  retained,  as  well  as 
the  ewe  lambs  from  such,  as  the  prolificacy  of  the 
flock  will  in  that  manner  be  gradually  increased. 

Water  in  P.^stures. —Unless  the  fields  are 
supplied  with  running  water,  the  stock  must  be 
provided  with  water.  A  pond  in  the  field  will 
not  do,  as  it  gradually  stagnates  and  injures  the 
milk.  By  driving  a  pump  at  the  intersection  of 
four  fields,  the  water  can  be  used  for  each  field  as 
desired,  as  the  troughs  can  be  so  arranged  as  to  be 
filled  from  the  pump  with  a  hose  or  other  appli- 
ance. 

Fattening  Steers.— Steers  will  gain  more 
rapidly  on  grass  than  on  any  other  kind  of  food 
during  this  month,  provided  tliey  are  allowed 
grain  at  night.  Prices  have  fallen,  as  is  usually 
tlie  case  at  tills  season,  and  it  will  be  found  more 
profitable  to  hold  them  over  than  to  sell,  if  pas- 
turage is  plentiful;  but  if  they  are  te  be  fed  in  the 
stalls  entirely,  the  sooner  they  are  disposed  »f 
the  better. 

Feeding  Old  Hay.— Old,  musty  hay  should 
be  used  for  bedding  only.  During  the  summer 
season,  there  is  nothing  better  for  horses  Wwin  to 
cut  a  few  arnifula  of  grass  in  the  morning  and 
allow  it  to  wilt  during  the  day.  If  fed  at  niglit,  it 
will  be  found  much  more  palatable  than  the 
hay  from  last  years  crop.  Many  horses  are  sup- 
posed to  lose  appetite  for  hay  when  the  diffleully 
is  only  due  to  their  rejection  of  old  material. 

The  Roadsiui;  Grass.— Thousands  of  tons  of 
grass  (and  even  weeds,)  go  to  waste  annually 
along  tiie  readside,  which  might  be  easily  util- 
ized. A  farmer  lately  made  a  few  movable  hur- 
dles, in  which  he  placed  sheep,  and  piuitured 
them  along  the  road,  the  farm-fence  forming  one 
side  of  the  hurdles.  The  hurdles  were  moved 
forward  daily,  ai#l  the  result  was  that  the  road- 
side was  cleaned  otf  wherever  the  sheep  were 
hurdled,  while  iiuite  an  amount  of  mutton  was 
secured  at  a  trifling  cost.  It  Is  worth  practicing 
by  otliers. 

Summer  Dairying.— The  cows  will  give  more 
milk  in  summer,  but  the  price  being  lower,  It  is 
doubtful  if  the  profits  are  as  great.  It  is  becom- 
ing a  conimen  practice  to  use  the  milk  for  raising 
calves  as  veal,  which  ninny  dairymen  find  a  pro- 
fitable method  of  disposing  of  the  mil4c,  but  the 
chances  are  that  the  cow  will  be  somewhat 
spoiled  by  being  accustomed  to  the  frequent 
attentions  of  the  call'.  A  cow  will  easily  raise 
two  calves  large  enough  t'or  first-class  veal,  if  she 
Is  liberally  fed ;  but  she  must  be  kept  in  the 
stancliioiis  wliile  the  calves  are  drawing  the  milk, 
as  she  will  kick  the  strange  one.  At  first,  an 
attendant  must  be  present  to  prevent  injury  to 
the  calves.  Summer  dairying  is  assisted  by 
plenty  of  grass,  but  the  best  butter  will  only  be 
obtained  where  the  cows  are  fed  with  grouad 
grain,  also.  

SHEEP    AND    DOGS. 

By  John  K.  Kfad. 


In  many  States  the  sheep  Interest  Is  one  of 
great  imp.>rtance.  If  it  could  receive  suitable 
protection  it  would  assume  still  greater  propor- 
tions where  it  is  already  established,  and  would 
soon  become  a  prominent  branch  of  farm  busi- 
ness in  many  places  in  which  it  has  thus  far  been 
entirely  neglected. 

The  proteeticni  which  should  be  given  does  not 
involve  any  special  fostering,  by  the  State  or 
nation,  of  tills  line  of  industry.  It  does  not  mean 
a  government  bount.v  for  keeping  slieep  or  an 
excessively  high  tariff  on  wool.  It  is  not  desira- 
ble to  encourage    the  keeping  of  any  class  of 


stock,  which.  In  a  fair  and  open  competition 
with  other  classes,  is  not  able  to  maintain  itself. 
What  the  sheep  industry  needs  is  an  even 
chance.  Give  It  a  good  opportunity  for  develop- 
ment, and  it  will  take  care  of  itself. 

The  great  obstacle  to  the  profitable  keeping  of 
sheep  over  a  large  area  in  this  country  can  be 
stated  in  the  one  word— dogs.  The  figures  are 
not  at  hand  for  representing  in  dollars  and  cents 
the  amount  of  damage  which  sheep  owners  sus- 
tain from  the  ravages  by  dogs  among  their  flocks, 
but  it  is  universally  known  to  be  enormous.  Yet, 
large  as  is  the  sum  which  careful  Inquiry  has 
shown  to  be  lost  outright,  the  full  extent  of  the 
injury  cannot  be  represented  by  figures.  Much 
of  the  loss  is  indirect  twid  cannot  be  computed.  It 
is  sustained  by  multitudes  of  farmers  who  would 
like  to  keep  sheep,  but  are  deterred  from  doing 
so  by  fear  that  their  flocks  would  be  destroyed  by 
dogs. 

Now  sheep  are  very  useful  animals.  They  are 
a  source  of  profit  to  their  owners,  and  it  is  a  bene- 
fit to  the  country  at  large  to  have  them  kept  In 
considerable  numbers.  In  England  they  are 
considered  absolutely  essential  to  successful 
farming.  In  this  country  they  not  only  return  a 
fairproflt,  but  also  prove  very  useful  in  maintain- 
ing the  fertility  of  the  soil.  The  longer  the  land 
is  cultivated  the  more  important  to  the  farmer 
tiiese  animals  will  become. 

But,  while  sheep  are  proflteble  animals  for  the 
farmer  to  maintain,  dogs  are,  as  a  rule,  a  source 
of  coiisiderable  expense.  A  very  few  dogs  pay 
tthe  cost  of  their  keeping  and  the  trouble  of  look- 
ing after  tliem,  but  the  great  majority  cost  far 
more  tlian  their  services,  both  real  and  imagi- 
nary, are  worth.  Tlie  most  noticeable  thing 
about  most  of  these  curs  is  the  almost  total 
absence  of  all  decent  qualities.  In  every  neigh- 
borhood such  dogs  may  be  found,  and  where 
th<*\'  are  kept  in  large  numbers,  sheep  can  be 
kept  only  at  gieat  risk.  Where  a  better  class 
of  dogs  is  kept  the  risk  is  reduced,  but  it  is  by 
no  means  entirely  removed.  Neither  does  long 
immunity  from  loss  give  a  perpetual  warrant  of 
safet.v. 

In  the  latest  case  of  injury  to  a  flock  of  sheep 
by  dogs  which  has  come  under  my  observation, 
the  farmer  wlio  was  the  loser  has  kejit  sheep  upon 
tlie  same  land  for  about  thirty  .\i'ars.  He  has 
not  kept  a  dog  himself,  and  until  this  spring 
none  of  his  sheep  have  been  disturbed  by  dogs 
belonging  te  other  people.  His  neighbors  have 
not  been  so  fortunate.  But  now  his  turn  has 
come,  and  he  is  mourning  the  loss  of  some  of  his 
finest  iambs,  and  awaiting  the  result  of  injuries 
Inflicted  upon  others.  The  dog  that  did  the 
mischief,  and  concerning  whose  identity  there 
could  be  no  mistake  as  he  was  caught  in  the  act, 
had  been  kept  on  an  adjoining  farm  for  some 
time,  and  was  supposed  to  be  a  moderately  well- 
bred  shepherd.  To  all  av»pearance  lie  was  one  of 
the  most  valuable  dogs  in  the  vicinity. 

Wherever  there  are  many  dogs  tliere  will  be 
considerable  risk  in  keeping  sheep.  In  the  States 
which  have  tlie  "dog  law"  compelling  all  dogs 
to  be  licensed,  and  from  the  fund  thus  created 
requiring  payment  for  damages  inflicted  upon 
sheep  by  dogs  to  be  made  to  the  owners  of  the 
flocks  attacked,  there  is  an  approach  to  a  fair 
settlement  of  the  question  so  tar  as  the  direct  in- 
juries are  eoneei-ned.  Not  that  aii.v  awar<l  which 
can  be  secured  will  fully  pay  the  farmer  for  the 
loss  sustained  by  having  a  flock  of  fine  sheep 
harassed  by  dogs.  But  it  does  something  in  the 
way  of  compensation.  The  indirect  damage,  to 
wliicli  reference  has  been  made  is  not  lessened 
by  tills  means. 

Aconi|ilete  remedy  for  the  evil  does  not  seem 
to  be  within  the  power  of  the  law  to  supply.  It 
is  evident  that  the  farmer  who  is  quietly  pursuing 
a  peaceful  industry  which  tends  to  ad\aiiee  his 
o»  11  interests,  and  indirectly  to  promote  those  of 
of  the  town  and  State  in  which  he  lives,  is  entitled 
to  a  degree  of  protection  which  will  enable  him 
to  follow  that  line  of  business  without  molesta- 
tion. But  dogs  cannot  be  entirely  suppressed  by 
law,  and  where  dogs  abound  sheep  do  not  thrive. 
As  long  as  the  majority  of  the  peopU'  keep  curs 
the  sliecp  interest  will  languish.  If  tiie.v  could 
be  iiersnaded  to  keep  more  sheep  and  less  dogs 
the  change  would  be  e.xtremel.v  licnefieial  to 
themselves  and  to  the  communities  in  which 
they  live. 


HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

piPC  CHOICE 
OMy.    SPRING, 

Chester  Whites.   Jersey    If  v  i!  s.    INilatul- 

Cbinns,  Smnll  Yorkshires,  Ei§!^ex«  nnil 

Berkshires* 

Eight  to  Ten  weeks  old.  troni  choice  imported  nu'! 
dtrmcstic  bloods,  &t  REASONABLE  PRICES.  A  Wo 
Hiick  and  Ewe  l-anihs  of  nil  the  desirable 
breeil**.  and  fine  Scotch  f'ollic  Dogs.  Send  lor 
new  illii'*trated  catnloeiU'< 

JOHNSON  &  STOKES,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


JERSEYI  Kronii.i  «'iiit.'ii.£iiori,.!  I  JcRSlY 

jr  rd  fl./ot  I  &  Plymouth  Rock  Fowls  &  Eggs.  I    "  i,./r  A'././t" 

REDSi  I  I''.\k':>iers'  im{I('i;s;  I  CATTLE 

itiortiiiier  Whitehead,  Mlddlebutli.  New  Jerte«. 


I'lrasc  mention  THE  FARM  AXD  GAliliKN. 

Chester  White.  Berk-  PTt^S 
thire  anil  Poland  China  .*■  AVJO, 

Flnr  ..ctti-r  >»..ic»,  ^tM.t.'h  t'lilllfn. 
Fox  IIoiiii.ImiiikI  )tc-i(Klc9,  81ieop 
anj    I'oultrv.    I>nii    :tnil    lor   sate    by 

W.  GIBBONS  &  CO.,  West  Chester, 

Clie^lev  t.'<.inil\'.    Pfun^yivauia. 

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REGISTEREDSWINE 


iTIiun.ujI    •T.-l   fl 

Finnd-Chiiiat*.  ^  1"  . 

Truepedlirree  gi^eii  with  pverv  animal  soUI.  Strong,  htalthy 
swck  only.  Purity  ffunrontX'ed.  Send  stamp  for  new  Cata- 
locue.    C.  H.  WarrlnEtun,  Boj  C24.V 


I  Kerkalilrra 

Strong,  htalthy 
ju  ai.au<i<  for  new  Cata> 
l.'WeH  Obe*ter,  Pa. 


CilKSTKK  WHITE  PIGS.  .IKRSEY  K.15DS. 
POI.AND-flllNAS.    S>IAI,I,    V  O  R  K-^ 
SHIRKS  AN1>  BERKSHIUKS. 

Farmers  and   Brn^ii'-rs  rtesiviiiL-  lo  s.-.-iiie  the  flnest 
slock  of  the  abovi'  hnucW.  lire  reqm-Mi'il  l"  order  early. 

Our  Spring  Pigs  are  unrivalled  in  quality, 

And  were  never  in  crciiler  tlonuiiHi.     I'licnsand  jiarticu- 
lars  cheermilv  civfi.  hv  In  h.r.    £'"<'':'';  ''i"i'''"f''''„'i'''«- 
W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO..  PHILAOEIPHU.  PENNA. 


THE   FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


©HE  ^oulthi^y  yAr^D. 


DIFFICULTrES   DURING   INCUBATION. 


By  P.  H.  Jacobs,  Wayne,  III. 

tJccasionally  the  seasons  seem  to  present  diffi- 
culties not  before  encountered,  such  as  poor 
results  from  the  eggs,  deformities  of  chicks,  and 
loss  of  adult  fowls.  This  season  the  poultrymen 
appear  to  have  had  more  than  the  usual  share  of 
drawbacks.  Quite  a  number  of  inquiries  have 
come  respecting  the  failures,  and  yet,  the  major- 
ity of  the  troubles  can  be  traced  to  one  cause, 
vtiich  is  overfeeding.  When  eggs  are  used  froiii 
•over-fat  fowls,  the  chances  are  not  favorable  to 
good  results  from  incubation,  Nature  teaciies  a 
lesson  in  that  respect.  It  is  seldom  that  a  hen 
poor  in  flesh  will  set.  She  apparently  stoi-es  up 
fat  to  a  certain  extent  before  going  on  the  nest, 
and  comes  off  somewhat  reduced.  She  usually 
-eats  but  once  a  day  after  beginning  incubation, 
and  imparts  all  her  bodily  heat  to  the  eggs.  Sit- 
ting is  partly  hibernation,  and  the  hen  makes 
preparation  for  the  event  as  systematically  as  do 
those  animals  that  become  excessively  fat  and 
•sleep  away  the  winter  hours.  We  may  conclude, 
therefore,  that  the  hens  are  not  in  a  proper  con- 
(dition  for  laying  when  they  are  too  fat. 

Eggs  from  fat  hens  are  sometimes  very  thin- 
«helied.  We  may  feed  lime,  oyster-shells,  bones, 
or  any  other  substances,  but  such  articles  do  not 
show  any  good  results  with  over-fat  hens,  for  the 
reason  that  they  are  in  a  diseased  condition,  and 
become  egg-bound,  while  the  organs  of  reproduc- 
tion are  in  an  unhealthy  condition.  When  such 
hens  lay,  the  eggs  do  not  always  hatch,  and  if 
they  produce  chicks,  they  are  often  weak  and 
deformed.  It  is  the  same  with  live  stock  of  all 
kinds.  Mares,  cows,  sows,  and  ewes,  when  very 
fat,  make  poor  breeders,  and  either  remain  bar- 
ren or  bring  forth  weakly  ofi^springs.  The  cocks 
^are  also  clumsy  and  impotent  when  very  fat, 
feeing  useless  and  unserviceable.  When  the  fowls 
:are  very  fat  they  become  subject  to  diseases, 
make  inferior  layers,  produce  infertile  eggs,  as  a 
rule,  and  their  offsprings,  if  any,  will  be  weak 
.and  inferior. 

Among  the  difficulties  is  that  of  deformity. 
-Chicks  have  their  heads  thrown  back,  and  topple 
over,  without  the  ability  to  stand,  while  others 
have  deformed  feet,  the  toes  turning  in.  These 
difncullics  not  only  come  from  the  over-fat  par- 
ent, but  also  from  too  much  heat  during  incuba- 
tion. When  the  heat  in  an  incubator  sometimes 
reaches  a  degree  or  two  above  the  proper  tempera- 
"ture  for  a  few  days,  or  even  when  tlie  hens  on  the 
nests  are  very  fat,  and  sit  closely,  we  meet  with 
these  drawbacks.  The  large  breeds  are  more 
subject  to  them  than  the  smaller,  while  chicks 
from  confined  fowls  are  not  as  exempt  as  are 
those  from  hens  running  at  large. 

The  reason  why  the  seasons  appear  to  operate 
In  the  matter  is  because  during  some  years  the 
::8pring  is  backward  and  the  hens  do  not  have  the 
privilege  of  exercise  as  soon  as  at  other  times. 
"The  best  remedy  is  to  endeavor  to  so  feed  as  to 
prevent  the  hens  from  becoming  too  fat.  To  do 
so,  avoid  corn,  and  at  times  wheat,  also,  making 
oats  the  only  grain  used,  the  feed  being  given  in 
such  manner  as  to  compel  the  hens  to  scratch 
-and  find  the  grains.  To  keep  the  hens  active,  is 
as  important  as  working  a  horse,  for  they  become 
■dissatisfied  under  confinement  unless  kept  busy. 
During  the  spring  and  summer,  if  the  hens  have 
a  grassy  run,  they  may  be  given  a  feed  of  oats  at 
night,  with  wheat  and  a  little  meat  twice  a  weeic, 
which  will  keep  them  in  a  healthy  laying  condi- 
tion, and  tlie  eggs  will  then  hatch.  For  fowls  in 
confinement,  grass  should  be  chopped  fine  and 
thrown  to  thi-m.  If  allowed  plenty  of  grass,  they 
will  need  but  little  grain  food,  which  should 
rflways  be  given  at  night. 


water  runs  off  when  it  returns  to  the  surface. 
But  the  young,  having  no  such  protection, 
becomes  cliilled,  and  soon  succumbs. 

Young  ducks  grow  faster  than  chicks,  and  are 
subject  to  fewer  diseases.  At  first,  the  ducks  and 
goslings  should  be  fed  on  bread  soaked  in  milk, 
chopped  onions,  and  hard-boiled  eggs.  When 
they  are  three  days  old,  the  feed  may  be  varied, 
but  no  grain  is  necessary  until  they  are  one  week 
old,  when  they  may  be  fed  anything  they  will 
eat.  Keep  them  confined  in  a  small,  dry  yard 
j  until  the  down  changes,  when  they  will  be  safe. 
The  wet  grass  is  more  dangerous  than  ponds. 


DUCKS   AND   GEESE. 

Ducks  are  profitabli^  wlun  entire  attention  is 
given  them.  As  a  rule,  ducks  are  given  full  lib- 
erty to  roam  at  will,  and  receive  but  very  little 
care.  Hundreds  of  young  ones  are  annually 
destroyed  by  turtles,  hawks,  cats,  minlcs,  and 
skunks.  Unlike  young  chicks, they  are  not  kept 
under  surveillance  at  first,  as  the  majority  of 
persons  suppose  they  muM  have  water  for  their 
comfort,  in  which  to  sport  and  bathe.  The  fact 
is  that  there  is  nothing  more  injurious  to  a  young 
duck  tlian  water,  not  only  from  the  i>onds  and 
streams,  but  also  from  the  young  grass.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  goslings,  although  the  adult 
birds  take  them  to  the  water  as  soon  as  possible. 
When  ducks  and  goslings  come  out  of  the  shells, 
they  are  covered  with  down,  which  aftoi'ds  no 
protection  against  dampness.  After  the  down 
disappears,  and  feathers  take  its  place,  the  case 
is  different.  When  an  adult  duck  or  goose  swims 
■on  the  water,  its  skin  is  dry,  as  the  feathers  form 
.a  water-proof  protection.    If  it  dives  under,  the 


POULTRY    FOR  THE  TABLE. 


There  are  quite  a  number  of  persons  who  keep 
poultry  for  the  purpose  of  having  a  supply  for 
family  use  only,  without  regard  to  their  qualities 
for  market.  Such  persons  care  nothing  for  the 
color  of  the  legs  or  other  exterior  qualifications, 
preferring  a  fowl  of  good  quality  only.  Tlie  best 
breeds  for  tlie  table  are  the  Games,  then  theHou- 
dans,  Dorkings,  Langshans,  and  Plymouth 
Rocks.  A  cross  of  the  Game  with  a  Langshan 
hen  produces  one  of  the  best  of  fowls  for  the 
table,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  a  cross  of  the 
Game  and  Houdan.  A  regular  succession  of 
crosses  may  be  made  by  crossing  the  Houdan 
with  Langshan  hens.  Tlie  next  season  cross 
with  the  IJlack-red  Game.  Then  follow  with  the 
Dorking,  and  next  with  the  Malay  game.  The 
The  Houdan  may  now  be  tried  again,  followed  by 
the  Langshan,  when  resort  may  again  be  had 
with  the  game.  Occasionally  the  Plymouth 
Rock  may  be  used.  The  constant  change  of  new 
blood  will  give  vigor,  the  chicks  will  grow  fast, 
and  the  hens  lay  well,  while  the  table  Qualities 
will  be  first  class. 


ERADICATING   LICE. 

It  is  sometimes  an  easy  matter  to  get  rid  of  lice 
on  fowls,  but  the  poultry  house -is  not  so  easily 
managed.  During  this  month  the  lice  will  be 
active,  and  increase  rapidly.  It  is  no  use  to 
attempt  to  rid  the  fowls  of  lice  until  the  premises 
are  thoroughly  cleaned,  as  such  labor  is  lost.  If 
the  houses  are  kept  clean,  the  hens  will,  with  the 
use  of  the  dust  bath,  clean  themselves.  To  rid 
the  house  of  lice,  first  remove  all  filth  trom  the 
roosts,  floors,  walls,  and  nests.  Scrub  the  roosts 
with  coal-oil,  not  overlooking  a  single  spot.  Take 
the  nests  outside,  clean  them  out,  and  with  a 
white-wash  brush  apply  a  light  coating  of  coal- 
oil  to  them,  inside  and  outside.  Now  touch  a 
lighted  match  to  the  nest  boxes  and  let  them 
burn.  No  damage  will  be  done,  as  the  oil  will  be 
quickly  consumed,  but  such  work  should  not  be 
done  inside  the  houses.  Now  make  a  bucket  of 
whitewash,  and  add  to  it  an  ounce  of  liquid  car- 
bolic acid,  and  a  pint  of  tobacco  water,  which 
may  be  made  by  pouring  boiling  water  over 
tobacco  refuse,  and  allowing  the  water  to  remain 
over  night  with  the  tobacco.  Apply  the  white- 
wash profusely,  and  dust  Persian  insect  powder 
through  the  feathers  of  the  hens,  holding  them 
by  the  legs  for  that  purpose.  Do  not  use  grease 
on  little  chicks.  Persian  insect  powder  will  re- 
move lice  from  them.  Little's  chemical  fluid  is 
an  excellent  article  to  use  in  place  of  the  carbolic 
acid,  it  being  efficacious  and  non-poisonous. 


POULTRY    SCRATCHINGS. 

The  Yards.— A  yard  sixteen  feet  front  and  one 
hundred  feet  deep,  is  small  enough  for  a  cock 
and  ten  hens. 

Crosses.— A  crossed  fowl  will  always  sit,  and  if 
non-sitters  are  desired  for  next  season,  they  must 
be  bred  from  pure  breeds  only. 

Culling  the  Stock.— Get  rid  of  the  worst 
specimens  by  culling,  then  select  next  season's 
breeding  stock  fro.n  the  remainder. 

Marketing  Fowls.— Do  not  attempt  to  mar- 
ket di-essed  fowls  this  month,  but  sell  them  alive, 
and  you  will  give  the  commission  merchants  no 
opportunity  for  selling  out  a  lowprice  in  order  to 
prevent  decomposition. 


Fences.— Wire  netting  answers  well,  but  the 
clieapest  and  most  serviceable  fence,  in  propor- 
tion to  cost,  is  one  made  of  plastering  lath. 

Feed  The  Waste.— Cabbage  leaves,  lettuce, 
raddisli  tops,  and  other  refuse  from  vegetables 
will  be  relished  by  the  hens,  and  should  be  care- 
fully saved  for  them. 

Save  the  Feathers.— Save  the  feathers  from 
all  the  fowls.  Scald  them  thoroughly  and  dry 
them  as  quickly  as  possible,  keeping  them  well 
aired  until  disposed  of. 

Exhibition  Fowls.— They  are  not  always 
the  best  for  breeding  purposes.  A  prize  pair  may 
be  well  up  in  "points'"  but  deficient  in  many 
other  desirable  qualities. 

COAL-oiL.— A  mixture  of  half  a  teaspoonful  of 
coal-oil  and  a  teaspoonful  of  castor-oil,  is  an  ex- 
cellent remedy  for  cholera,  and  will  often  cure 
roup  and  other  contagious  diseases. 

Sitting  Hens.— We  would  not  advise  hatching 
hens  this  montli,  unless  with  proper  facilities, 
but  should  the  hens  desire  to  sit,  make  the  nests 
in  a  cool  place  and  the  results  will  be  more 
satisfactory. 

Moulting.— In  about  six  weeks  some  of  the 
hens  will  begin  to  moult.  If  so,  keep  them.  Al- 
ways dispose  of  the  hens  that  moult  late,  but 
retain  those  that  moult  early,  as  they  will  begin 
laying  before  winter. 

Fattening  Fowls.— The  adults  will  fatten 
more  easily  than  will  those  that  have  not  com.- 
pleted  their  growth.  Chicks  seldom  become  very 
fat.  If  the  hens  arc  very  fat,  market  them  before 
selling  the  young  stock. 

The  Profit.— One  egg  a  week  will  pay  for  the 
support  of  a  hen.  As  the  first  egg  must  be  deduc- 
ted for  expenses,  consequently,  the  hen  that  lays 
three  eggs  a  week,  produces  twice  as  much 
projit  as  the  hen  that  lays  two  eggs. 

Prices  of  Eggs.— When  eggs  are  low  in  price, 
the  food  is  also  more  easily  procured.  Hence,  in 
estimating  the  profit,  not  only  the  prices  of  the 
eggs  should  be  considered,  but  also  the  expense 
of  production  in  the  shape  of  labor  and  food. 

Feather  Pulling.— This  vice  will  grow 
among  the  confined  fowls  this  month,  unless 
they  are  kept  busily  at  work  scratching.  There 
is  no  certain  known  cure  for  the  difficulty,  but  it 
may  be  partially  prevented  by  not  feeding  too 
highly. 

DOUGLA.S  Mixture,— Though  often  repeated,  in 
in  answer  to  inquiries,  we  will  state  that  it  is 
composed  of  one  pound  of  copperas,  two  gallons 
of  water,  and  one  gill  of  sulphuric  acid.  Give  the 
fowls  this  mixture  by  adding  a  teaspoonful  to 
every  quart  of  drinking  water. 

Young  Brahma.— They  will  be  ■*  leggy  "  for  a 
while,  but  after  obtaining  their  height,  they  will 
tliicken  out.  Do  not,  therefore,  dispose  of  them 
on  account  of  objection  to  long  legs,  which  is  a 
peculiarity  of  the  breed.  As  a  rule,  the  more 
"  leggy "  at  first,  the  larger  the  bird  when 
matured. 

The  Drinking  Water.— Of  all  months  for 
providing  pure  drinking  water,  July  is  the  most 
important.  Impure  water  is  a  source  of  disease, 
inducing  cholera,  and  preventing  egg  production. 
The  fowls  will  often  go  thirsty  rather  than  drink 
warm  water  in  summer,  and,  therefore,  it  should 
be  changed  two  or  three  times  daily. 

Bantajis. — It  is  a  good  time  now  to  hatch  ban- 
tams, though  the  fall  is  better.  The  game  varie- 
ties are  the  ratist  popular,  but  the  Sebriglits  are 
the  prettiest.  The  Black  Africans  are  the  small- 
est, but  not  so  hardy.  Bantams  will  mate  with 
the  larger  breeds,  and  should  therefore  be  kept 
in  enclosures  separate  from  other  fowls. 

The  Prices  of  Broilers.— Up  to  June  1st,  the 
prices  in  the  Chicago  markets  have  not  been  ' 
below  forty  cents  a  pound,  while  at  times  they 
have  reached  SIO  per  dozen.  The  sizes  most  in 
demand  were  about  23o  pounds  per  pair.  In  the 
Eastern  markets  the  seasons  are  somewhat  ear- 
lier, the  best  prices  being  realized  in  April,  while 
in  Chicago,  May  is  better. 


PUase  mention  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


HAVE  YOU  GOT  IT? 

POULTRY  POWDER! 

The  best  prepiiratioTi  of  its  kiiul.  It  (TUKS  CllOIi- 
ERA  anri  other  (liseitses.  A  trial  will  (•<  iiviiice 
UMcrs  ot'its  merits,  both  as  a  rcniedv  iuid  Condition 
I'owder.  Ask  ^-lllu' storekeeper  to  t;Ht  ii  lorvon  Munu- 
tactured  by    DIl.  A.  IH.  DICKIE,  OOYLCSTOWN.  PA. 


INCUBATORS^ 


ThH  SAVII)(;K.  lOOIrcsN 

|I?CJ1.00.         Din'.'r.'iil     sr/.rs. 
N«M«'r  (aiU.     s.ril  uti  Inal. 

.  SAVID(;e,  2524  Huntingdon  St.,  Phllail'a.  Pa. 


25 


YEARS  IN  THE 

POULTRY  YARD. 

16Lb  Edition.  108  Pafjes.  e.xplain- 
iiiL^  the  entire  Imsiness.  Gives 
symptoms  and  best  remedies  for 
all  diseases.  A  50-pai:e  Illustrated 
Ciitulogue.   All  for  •IT-^Q.  in  stamps. 

A.  M.   LANG, 
Cove  Dale.  Lewis  Co.   Ky. 


THE  POULTRY  RAISEK 

41/    ..r  16  i.;ii'.-  in.-li.     1»40  ■ 

ilk  '•■■"■< -»"-«-> 


per 


Onlv    SSi   ceQ[ 
Y.-jif   tor   12  iiiii 

111  fiir  fill.'  l:irL,'i'sl  iium 
1  I'oiJl 
\.lilri 


/THE  POULTRY  RAISER.  69  Dearborn  St..  Chicago. 


lO 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


She  I70USBHOLD. 


A  GOOD  SCAVENGER. 


By  Lois. 

'•  The  town  has  passed  a  law  that  no  pigs  are  to 
be  kept  within  the  corporation  limits.  It  will  be 
a  great  improvement  in  some  of  these  back 
streets,  I  tliink,"  said  Laura. 

'•I, am  not  so  sure  of  that,"  said  her  cousin. 
"  Though  not  much  of  a  pork  eater,  I  have  a  great 
respect  for  the  pig  as  a  scavenger." 

"Why  they  are  never  allowed  to  run  around  in 
a  village  like  this." 

"  I  know  that,  but  how  carefully  all  the  waste 
about  those  poor  tenement  hcjuses  iu  the  back 
streets  is  saved  for  the  pigs.  Even  the  dish-water 
goes  Into  his  trough.  Every  paring,  husk,  or 
decayed  apple  goes  into  the  same,  and  is  worked 
over  in  his  laboratory  with  substantial  food, 
which  goes  a  long  ways  in  supporting  these  poor 
families.  How  industriously  many  of  these  peo- 
ple work  to  gather  supplies  from  their  neighbors ; 
coming  early  with  their  barrels  on  a  wheel- 
barrow, to  take  away  the  trash  we  are  so  glad  to 
spare.  I  shall  hardly  know  what  to  do  when 
Hans  stops  coming  twice  a  weelt  to  take  our  col- 
lection. If  all  this  rubbish,  which  the  pigs  now 
eat  up,  is  thrown  out  .aljout  back  doors,  as  it  will 
be  in  hundred  of  homes,  I  think  we  shall  see  the 
efTect  in  the  health  of  the  place.  A  town  in 
Pennsylvania  has  Just  been  sullcring  from  a  fear- 
ful typhoid  scourge,  caused,  I  lie  papers  state, 
from  just  this  refuse  being  thrown  out  on  the 
ground  during  the  winter,  and  then  festering  in 
the  sun  the  first  hot  days  of  spring.  I  believe  it 
is  a  good  sanitary  measure  to  let  the  poor  people 
have  tlieir  pigs,  and  feed  them  well  with  all  the 
supplies  they  can  save  and  I)eg.  He  may  not  be 
very  aesthetic,  but  he  is  a  u.seful  member  of  the 
community  in  his  line,  and  I  believe  he  saves 
more  disease  than  he  causes.  Scavengers  of  any 
sort,  need  to  be  encouraged  iu  this  year  of  antici- 
pated pestilence." 


the  house  carried  out  to  such  a  pit  and  thrown 
in.  When  it  comes  to  be  spread  about  on  the 
land,  there  it  is,  ready  to  pierce  the  foot  of  any 
poor  horse  employed  to  cultivate  the  land,  or  any 
bare-footed  boy  who  trots  over  the  field. 

And  while  you  are  teaching  the  children  to  be 
kind  and  thoughtful  to  their  four-footed  friends, 
make  the  lesson  spread  out  over  all  their  dealings 
with  them,  even  to  the  tones  of  the  voice.  Boys 
who  speak  to  that  faithful  servant,  the  horse,  in 
a  harsh  and  brutal  way,  soon  acquire  a  .similar 
way  of  acting  and  feeling.  I  see  an  illustration 
of  it  before  my  window  as  I  write,  and  it  takes 
all  the  beauty  from  the  pleasant  summer  land- 
scape. 

It  seems  as  if  some  men  had  never  pondered 
the  te.tt,  "  blessed  are  the  merciful,  for  they  shall 
obtain  mercy."  The  converse  of  this  is  Just  as 
true,  and  it  should  bring  solemn  reflection  to  the 
minds  of  many  I  have  known. 

I  would  whisper  this  counsel  to  young  ladies 
whose  minds  are  not  yet  "made  up."  Never, 
never,  accept  a  young  man  who  is  cruel  to  his 
horse  or  dog,  or  one  who  loses  temper  quickly  at 
anything  that  crosses  him,  and  vents  his  spite 
on  them.  As  surely  as  you  unite  your  destiny 
with  such  a  person,  you  will  see  many  sad  and 
bitter  hours,  and  shed  many  secret  tears.  A 
petty  tyrant,  even  over  brutes,  can  never  be  a 
pleasant  home-maker.  Oh,  it  is  a  sad  sight  to  sec 
little  children  inheriting  such  a  spirit,  and  fol- 
lowing in  such  ways  in  spite  of  all  a  mother's 
entreaties  and  labors.  It  is  hard  to  make  head- 
way against  a  father's  example.    His  daily  walk 


was  washed  three  hundred  times  a  year,  and  that 
I  saved  three  minutes  each  time,  that  would 
surely  be  worth  saving.  In  the  twenty  years  it 
would  amount  to  three  hundred  hours.  I  could 
accomplish  a  good  deal  in  that  saved  time." 

"Do  you  go  on  this  plan  in  all  your  house- 
keeping. Aunt  Eunice  ?  " 

"I  try  to,  Emma;  but  though  I  have  been 
studying  over  the  problem  for  so  many  years,  I 
yet  find  out  some  new  improvement  very  often. 
I  get  a  good  hint  from  a  paper,  or  a  neighbor  or  a 
visitor,  and  at  once  put  it  in  practice.  Some- 
times what  suits  one  does  not  suit  another,  so  I 
have  to  discriminate.  I  hold  that  it  is  a  good 
policy,  and  a  moral  duty  also,  for  a  woman  to 
save  herself  all  the  work  she  can,  by  handy  con- 
trivances and  forethought.  She  can  find  excel- 
lent use  for  all  the  time  she  can  make  and  save."" 

"  Your  science  must  be  the  reason  why  your 
work  always  seems  '  done  up '  days  ahead.  I 
have  often  wondered  how  you  accomplished  so 
niuch,  and  had  so  much  spare  time  to  run  around 
with  me,  for  instance,  as  you  did  to-day.  I  mean 
to  learn  the  art  of  saving  time,  too." 

"  You  will  need  to  save  it  piece-meal,  as  I  do,  la 
little  things;  but  by  making  a  study  of  it,  the 
work  will  grow  pleasant  and  easy.  All  the  sys- 
tem you  can  bring  to  bear  on  your  work,  will  b& 
so  much  clear  gain.  I  know  that  much  will  de- 
pend on  others  in  this  regard,  and  that  even  good 
order  should  be  second  to  the  comfort  of  a  house- 
hold. (;ast-iron  rules  seldom  add  to  home  happi- 
ness. But  come  in  with  me  Emma,  and  let  me 
show  vou  a  few  other  time-saving  devices  I  have 


HABITS  OF  DISORDER    IN 

11,1/  Lollir. 


EARLY   YEARS. 


and  conversation  will  be  an  object  lesson  which  1  not  yet  patented.    I  am  sure  you  will  like  them 


all  her  words  cannot  gainsay. 


"Dear  me,  Addie,  do  gather  up  these  apple- 
cores  and  pariUKs.  and  throw  tlieiii  out.  They 
Just  draw  a  swarm  of  flies.  Alc.\.  should  have 
known  better  than  to  leave  them  here.  But  that 
is  just  the  way  with  all  of  you.  It  keeps  mc 
cleaning  up  the  whole  time,  and  the  door-yard 
looks  like  a  fright.  I  was  so  ashamed  yesterday 
when  Miss  Irving  walked  out  to  see  the  flowers. 
Old  papers  blowing  about,  and  caught  in  the 
rose  bushes,  and  an  old  shoe,  or  two,  and  1  don't 
know  what  else.  I  cannot  see  why  you  children 
do  not  take  more  pride  in  fixing  up  tlie  place 
and  making  it  look  like  other  folks'.  I  am  sure 
I  have  not  the  time;  but  you  girls  might,  if  the 
boys  will  not." 

The  reason  of  the  disorder  was  not  far  to  seek. 
The  children  had  not  Leen  trained  to  neat  ways 
from  the  cradle  up.  They  had  never  Ijeen  taught 
when  they  had  fruit  or  nuts  to  eat,  to  take  a  plate 
and  lay  the  parings  or  shells  on  it,  and  then  dis- 
pose of  them  properl.v  when  through.  They  had 
not  been  called  back  the  first  timr  they  had  left 
such  trash  on  the  window-sill,  to  come  at  onci' 
and  clear  it  away,  and  the  same  the  second  time 
and  the  third.  It  takes  "line  upon  line ''  to  fix  a 
good  habit,  but  once  "  set,"  it  is  there  to  sta.v. 

This  .same  habit  of  untidiness,  is  very  general, 
as  one  may  see  by  the  appearance  of  our  public 
halls,  cars  and  waiting-rooms.  I  have  seen  a 
well-dressed  woman  eat  a  paper  of  peanuts  in  a 
ferry-house,  and  drop  the  shells  down  one  by  one 
on  the  floor  beside  her,  as  calmly  as  if  she  were 
dropping  them  into  the  bay.  Hut  it  showed  ill- 
breeding  in  the  view  of  man.v  wlio  looked  on.  A 
true  lady,  Is  one  everywhere,  and  her  manners 
will  correspond. 

If  children  were  taught  little  tidy  ways,  we 
should  see  a  vast  improvement  in  the  appear- 
ances of  our  towns  and  villages,  and  also  in,  and 
about  the  homes  of  our  land.  Unsiglitly  banana 
and  orange  peels  would  cease  to  disfigure  the 
sidewalks,  and  a  better  resting  place  than  the 
street  would  be  found  for  old  cans  and  tins  and 
those  weary  wayfarers,  old  boots  and  shoes. 


md  perhaps  they  will  be  of  service  in  your  new 
home."  

The  iarmer's  trade  is  one  ot  worth. 
He's  partner  with  the  sky  and  earth. 
He's  partner  with  llie  sun  and  rain, 
And  no  man  loses  for  his  gain, 
And  men  may  rise  or  men  may  fall. 
But  the  farmer  he  must  feed  them  all. 

The  farmer  dares  his  mind  to  speak. 
He  has  no  Kift  or  place  to  seek. 
To  no  man  living  need  he  bow. 
The  man  wlio  walks  beliind  the  plow 
Is  his  own  master— what'er  befall. 
And  king  or  beggar,  he  feeds  us  all. 


•        TAKING  A    PLAY-SPELL. 

Bi/  J.  R  Met'. 

'•  I  should  say  you  had  enough  to  do,  Mrs.  I-evy, 
without  digging  in  a  flower-bed.  When  you  get 
the  spare  time,  I  would  rest  if  I  were  you." 

"That  isexactly  what  I  am  doing.  Mrs.  Hodge," 
said  her  neighbor,  cheerily.  "This  is  my  i>lay- 
spell.  While  the  irons  are  heating  and  the  kettle 
boiling.  I  run  <iut  lure  to  refresh  myself  over 
these  beautiful  pinks  and  pansies.  Did  you  ever 
see  anything  so  lovely?"  and  she  stepped  back 
on  the  gravel  walk  and  surveyed  them  with 
enthusiasm. 

"Oil,  they  arc  well  enough,"  said  the  other,  in- 
dillerently,  "but  I  should  enjoy  myself  a  great 
deal  better  sitting  in  a  good  roeking-diair  and 
piecing  patch-work  for  a  play-spell.  Like  you,  I 
can't  be  satisficil  doing  nothing,  but  I  like  to  see 
some  fruits  of  my  labor  that  will  last.  A  parcel 
of  flowers  die  in  a  diiy,  or  two,  and  there  are  no 
fruits  to  follow  them.  It  seems  just  a  waste  to 
mc." 

"We  see  things  in  ditTerent  lights,"  said  the 

other,  pleasantly.    "I  confess  that    patch-work 

seems  a  waste  to  me,  when  vou  look  at  it  from  a  .  ,  ,     i,   ,  .        -       j       ...  i,,         -      a 

,  .     ,       .    ,     r,.,  ,...,„,„.,.   „  I,  ,„  I  teaspoonfuls  baking  powder,  thoroughly  mixed 

merely  economical  pmnt  of  view;  hut  «  hen  ills,, _y  sifting,  1    teasimonful    butter,  1  teaspoonful 


RECIPES. 


Confectionery  i'akk.— 2  cups  sugar,  3  eggs 
(whites  beaten  seijaratelyi,  beat  sugar  and  but- 
ter together,  r><;  cups  butter,  1  cup  sweet  milk, 
1  teaspoonful  soda,  2  of  cream  tartar,  3'^  cups 
flour.u  Take  one-half  of  dough,  and  add  i  table- 
spoonfuls  molasses,  1  tahlespoonful  cinnamon,  I 
teaspoonful  cloves,  1  cup  chopped  raisins,  1  nut- 
meg; this  will  make  two  layers  of  light  and  two 
of  dark.  Chocol.^te  Filling  :  1  cake  of  choco- 
late, I  cup  sugar,  one-half  cup  water.  Boil  until 
thick. 

Tea  BiSCtllT.— To  1  quart  of  flour  add  2  heaping 


recreation,  as  in  your  c;vsc,  I  cim  see  that  it  is 
really  valuable.  The  flowers  are  a  rest  to  me, 
and  ii  Joy  forever.  Charley  likes  them  as  well  as 
I  do.  I  pinned  a  carnation  on  the  breiist  of  his 
ehecke<l  shirt  this  morning  before  he  went  out  to 
the  flcid,  and  told  him  it  was  to  make  a  better 
man  of  hiui.  He  said 'he  had  nodoul)t  it  would.' 
I  heard  the  men  laughing  over  his  ■  posey  '  when 
he  wi'iit  to  hitch  up  the  team,  and  he  replied  that 
'his  girl  gave  it  to  him.'  These  flowers  help  to 
keep  us  old  folks  young.  Mrs.  Hodge,  and  are 
worth  having,  if  only  for  that." 

Mrs.  Hodge  could  not  but  think  how  it  would 
seem  for  "her  old  man  "  and  he'rself  to  be  trifling 
in  that  style  But  with  all  her  dissatisfacMon 
with  her  friend's  choice  of  amusements,  she 
could  not  help  the  uneasy  conviction  that  she  cream  tarta 
had  the  best  of  her.  It  was  a  far  plcasanter  4  eggs, 
home  than  she  possessed,  and  the  very  faces  of 
the  children  showed  it.  It  is  a  good  thing  to  he 
industrious  and  have  one's  mind  on  her  work; 
but  it  is  good  at  times  to  utterly  lose  sight  of  the 
cares,  worries,  and  frets  of  life  for  a  few  blessed 
moments,  and  let  the  soul  draw  near  to  nature's 
heart  in  the  beautiful  works  she  has  spread  out 
before  us. 


OUR   FOUR-FOOTED    FRIENDS. 

/(;/  Ell, III. 

Children  cannot  be  trained  too  carefully  to  take 
most  scrupulous  care  about  throwing  away 
broketi  needles,  bits  of  glass  or  china,  where  no 
possible  danger  can  come  from  them  to  man  or 
beast.  Man.v  valuable  horses  in  New  York,  are 
every  year  obliged  to  be  killed  because  of  nails 
or  pieces  of  glass  which  have  worked  into  their 
feet.  The  compost  heap  is  the  last  place  to  throw 
such  things,  though  I  have  .seen  all  the  refuse  of 


TIME-SAVERS. 

BilArlfy. 

Emma  was  purchasing  her  tin-ware  in  com- 
pany with  good,  practical  .\unt  Eunice,  and  she 
found  her  assistance  very  useful. 

"But  why  were  you  so  particular,  auntie,"  she 
asked  afterwards,  "  to  have  me  take  those  oval- 
shaped  dripping  pans,  instead  of  those  with 
square  corners?    I  see  but  little  dilTerence." 

"Because  tlic>  are  so  much  easier  to  clean. 
You  know  how  much  quicker  you  can  wash  a 
round  basin  than  you  can  a  square  one.  It  would 


lard,  rub  shortning  in  tlie  flour;  1  pint  sweet 
milk,  one-half  teasjioonful  salt;  make  a  soft 
dough.  Knead  as  little  as  possible.  Rollout 
one-half  inch  thick. 

Cke.^m  Cookies.— 1  cup  butter,  1  cup  sour 
cream,  2J^  cups  sugar,  2  eggs,  1  teaspoonful 
saleratus. 

Charlotte  Rus.se.— 1  quart  cream,  whipped 
stitt',  2  tablespoonluls  gelatine,  dissolved  in  a 
little  warm  milk;  two-thirds  cup  sugar;  flavor. 
C*i*e— common  spoHge  cake  cut  in  pieces  to  fit 
a  round  dish.  Cream  whipped,  gelatine  put  in  a 
dish  on  stove  with  milk,  gelatine  stirred  until  It 
cools,  then  put  with  cream. 

Delicate  Cake.— 1  cup  white  sugar,  one-half 

cup  butter,    one-half  cup    sweet    cream,  I  cup 

flour  ^heaping),  2  tablespoonfuls  corn  starch,  2  of 

1  of  lemon  extract,  the  whites  of 


Soft  Ginger  Bread.— 2  cups  molasses,  1  cup 
sugar.  1  cup  shortning,  1  cup  buttermilk,  or  sour 
milk,  2  teaspoonfuls  saleratus,  1  egg,  stir  the 
egg  in  the  last  thing;  it  is  an  improvement  to 
the  cake.    Flour  enough  to  make  quite  stilT. 

SIRS.  M.  H.  B.,  Marengo,  N.  Y. 


Cold  Slaw,- Chop  or  shave  cabbage  very  fine, 
and  season  with  salt  and  pepper.  Make  a  dress- 
ing of  4  teaspoonfuls  sweet  cream,  2  of  sugar,  and 
4  of  vinegar.  Beat  well  and  pour  over  the  cab- 
bage. 

Oyster  Pie.— Line  a  deep  pie-dish  with  a  rich 
biscuit  dough,  rolled  thin;  dredge  with  flour, 
pour  in  a  pint  of  oysters,  fill  up  with  the  oyster 
liquor,  and  season  with  pepper,  salt,  and  bits  of 
butter.  Cover  with  a  crust  having  an  opening 
in  the  lid,  and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

Le.mon  Pudding.— The  Juice  and  grated  rind 
ef  1  lemon,  1  cup  sugar,  2    eggs,  3  tablespoon- 


take  you  some  minutes  longer  to  clean  one  of  ,  fuls  flour,  and  1  pint  of  milk.  Line  a  dish  with 
those  square-cornered  dripping  pans  after  you  I  paste,  pour  in  the  custard,  and  bake  until  done, 
had  roasted  a  piece  of  beef  in  it.  I  have  used  one  j  Whip  tlie  whites  of  2  eggs  to  a  froth,  add  4  table- 
like yours  almost  daily  for  twenty  years.    Say  it  |  spoonfuls  sugar,  spread  on  top  and  brown. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


1 1 


Odds  and  Cuds 


None  are  so  old  as  those  who  have  outlived 
their  enthusiasm. 


A  calamity  Is  easier  borne  for  not  being  pre- 
viously dwelt  upon. 


He  who  loves  to  read,  and  knows  how  to  reflect, 
has  laid  by  a  perpetual  feast  for  his  old  age 


A  man  too  busy  to  take  care  of  his  health,  is 
like  a  mechanic  too  busy  to  take  care  of  his  tools. 


Mr.  Beecher  says  "  a  helping  word  is  often  like 
a  switch  on  a  railroad  track;  but  one  inch  be- 
tw^  en  wreck  and  p.  osperity." 


It  is  said  that  the  pine  tree  serves  as  a  refuge 
for  more  than  four  hundred  species  of  insects. 
They  must  be  fond  of  turpentine. 


"No,  sir;"  said  a  practical  American,  "No 
bric-a-brac  on  the  mantel  for  me!  It's  a  nui- 
sance.   Where's  a  man  to  put  his  feet?  " 


"  I  wonder,"  said  Jonas,  "  why  the  captain  of  a 
vessel  can't  keep  a  memorandum  of  the  wcij;ht 
of  his  anchor,  in<;tead  of  weighing  it  every  time 
he  leaves  port.'* 

The  law  of  the  liarvest  is  to  reap  more  than 
you  sow,  Sow  an  act  and  you  reap  a  habit;  s»w 
a  habit  and  you  reap  a  character ;  sow  a  charac- 
ter and  you  reap  a  destiny. 


A  mail  roncmbpred  in  liis  will  a  miserly  old 
uncle,  whose  lavois  in  his  youth  had  been  few 
and  far  between,  by  the  following  bequest: — "To 
my  mother's  brother,  a  gun-flint,  and  a  knife  to 
skin  it  with.''       

A  gentleman  on  his  travels  once  observed  two 
Anstrijin  officials  endeavoring  to  make  out  his 
name  from  liis  traveling  trunk.  They  succeeded 
at  last  in  deciding  that  it  was  "  Mr.  Veronti  SoJa- 
zer."    The  trunk  was  "  Warranted  Sole-leather." 


Soap  Treks.— Among  the  vegetable  curiosities 
of  Florida,  are  soap  trees.  They  bear  berries  the 
size  of  a  marble,  which  have  a  yellowish,  soapy 
look,  and  hard,  black  seed.  They  boil  the  berries 
to  make  the  soap.  But  foVks  in  a  hurry  use  them 
Just  as  they  pick  them.  t 


One  day  an  English  farmer's  wife  was  cutting 
alange  loaf  of  brcMd,  when  she  saw  a  hole  in  iIn 
Bide.  Following  it  up,  she  found  il  led  to  Ihf- 
centre,  where  there  was  a  snug  mouse's  nest, 
made  of  paper  torn  into  shreds.  There  reposed 
In  comfort  nine  little  mice,  about  as  laiye  as 
thimbles.    The  bread  was  only  one  day  old. 


Cheerier  and  cheerier  rtow  the  days, 

And  the  storms  are  fewer  and  few^r. 
Warmer  each  day  grows  the  sun's  glaa  raya, 

And  the  skies  giow  bluer  and  bluer. 
And  the  wife  with  only  a  shawl  to  her  back 

Has  ceased  her  huflabaloo, 
And  crits  no  more  lor  a  seal-skin  sacque. 

And  a  I'ur-lined  circular,  too. 


No  woman  can  be  a  lady  who  would  wiUingl> 
wound,  or  mortify  another.  No  matter  howricli. 
beautiful,  or  cultivated  slie  may  be.  if  she  is  om- 
of  those  who  delight  in  "  taking  down  '*  another. 
the  innate  coarseness  and  vulgarity  of  her  na- 
ture shows  itself  here  in  unmistakable  signs,  and 
you  naturally  infer  that  she  has  sprung  from  a 
long  line  of  similar  ancestry. 


When  General  Grant  was  in  France,  he  would 
not  go  to  see  the  tomb  of  the  great  Napoleon.  He 
regarded  it  with  no  more  esteem  and  admiration 
than  he  would  that  of  any  brigand.  The  plain 
republican  soldier  could  not  be  dazzled  by  the 
brilliant  career  of  the  great  conquerer.  He  felt 
only  abhorance  for  this  menster  who  could  sacri- 
fice millions  to  his  own  ambition. 


A  street-car  stopped  to  take  in  a  passenger.  A 
little  b»y  on  his  knees  at  the  window,  saw  a  well- 
dressed  gentleman  crossing  over,  whose  immensi- 
white  beard  flowed  down  over  his  breast  and 
stood  out  in  every  direction.  Throwing  up  his 
hands  he  screamed  in  a  frenzy  of  excitement  :- 
"Oh,  ma;  here  comes  Santa  ClausI"  The  nc,\i 
Instant  the  genileman  stood  in  the  doo^  an 
thei-e  was  a  tableaux  in  the  car. 


for  him.  It  was  taken  in  the  hearse  to  the  fam- 
ily vault,  and  six  carriaL'^es  followed  the  remains. 
The  nonsense  of  tlie  atlair  has  aslight  ottset  in 
the  proof  it  otlered  that  the  dog  was  appreciated. 
At  the  same  time,  it  puts  a  frightful  discount  on 
the  common-sense  of  its  owners. 


Dog  parties  are  thestyle  just  now  in  New  York. 
Young  ladies  in  upper-tendom,  meet  in  each 
others  houses  and  bring  their  darling  pets,  and 
the  conversation  is  highly  intellectual  and  im- 
proving. "Dear,  dear,"  said  a  beautiful  blonde 
at  one  of  these  gatherings,  lately,  "  what  a  horrid 
little  doggie  mine  is!"  "What  has  he  done?" 
"  Why  he  has  eaten  up  the  pretty  little  seal-skin 
sacque  I  had  made  tor  liim  this  winter."  Chorus 
of  fair  ones :— "  The  bad,  bad  doggie ! " 


A  Vermont  man  missed  wood  from  his  pile, 
continually.  So  one  night  he  resolved  to  watch. 
As  he  suspected,  it  was  the  work  of  a  near  neigh- 
bor. Carefully  gathering  an  armful  of  dry  wood, 
he  stole  away  with  il.  As  noiselessly,  the  owner 
picked  up  an  armful  of  green  wood  and  followed 
quietly,  and  just  as  the  thief  threw  down  his 
load,  he  did  the  same,  saying :—"  There,  you 
must  burn  green  wood  part  of  the  time,  I  have 
to."  Then  he  departed,  leaving  the  other  to  his 
own  reflections. 


DINNER   WAITING. 

The  destruction  whicli  overwhelmed  Pompeii 
eighteen  hundred  years  ago  has  enabled  modern 
students  to  study  the  home-life  of  the  Romans 
of  the  tirst  century  under  peculiarly  advanta- 
geous circumstances.  The  city  was  buried  up 
and  preserved,  and  when  the  covering  Is  dug 
away  we  discover  jurt  how  the  inhabitants  lived. 

A  house  recently  unearthed  in  the  excavations 
at  Pompeii  was  evidently  undergoing  repair 
when  the  volcanic  storm  buried  il.  Painters' 
pots  and  brushes  and  workmen's  tools  were  scat- 
tered about.  Spots  of  whitewash  starred  wall 
and  floor.  Pots  and  kettles  had  been  bundled  up 
in  a  corner  all  by  themselves. 

Dinner,  however,  had  not  been  forgotten.  A 
solitary  pot  stood  on  t he  stove,  and  theie  was  a 
brown  dish  in  wailin;^  helore  (be  o%eu,  and  on 
the  dish  a  sucking-pig,  all  ready  to  be  baked. 

Bui  the  oven  was  already  engaged  with  its  fuH 
complement  of  bread,  so  ttie  sucking-pig  had  tw 
wait.  And  it  never  entered  the  oven,  and  tht 
loaves  were  never  taken  out  until  altera  sojourn 
of  seventeen  hundred  years. 

The  pig  and  bread  bad  been  there  since  Novem 
ber  2;i,  A.  D.  79.  M.  Klorelh  added  the  loaves  U> 
his  museum  at  Pompeii,— twenty-one  of  them, 
rather  hard,  Of  course,  and  black,  but  perfect  1\ 
preserved. 


She  gOULTI^Y  yAi^D, 

{Oontinued  from  page  9.) 

Guineas.— They  can  be  hatched  In  July  to  ad- 
vantage, as  they  do  not  roost  in  the  poultry 
houses.  They  arrive  at  a  suitable  age  by  Novem- 
ber, and  pick  up  the  best  part  of  their  subsistence 
in  the  fields.    Late  guineas  always  do  well. 

The  Games.— Of  the  games,  for  farm  purposes, 
the  Malays  ai-e  the  best,  being  very  large,  with 
full  breast  meat.  A  cross  of  the  Malays  and 
Langshan  produces  an  excellent  market  fowl, 
and  one  of  the  best  for  table  purposes.  Next  to> 
the  Malay  the  Belfast  Reds,  and  Black-breasted 
Reds  may  be  used. 

TiiE  Result  of  Cold.— When  the  days  sud^ 
denly  become  damp  and  chilly,  the  chicks  often 
have  diseases  of  the  bowels,  due  to  being  chilled.. 
The  best  remedy  is  to  change  the  feed,  and  keep 
iliem  warm  and  dry  until  the  weather  becomes 
warm  again. 

Shade.— During  July  the  heat  will  sometimes 
be  very  oppressive,  but  where  the  fowls  have  a 
run  in  an  orchard  thej'  can  make  themselves 
comfortable.  In  confinement,  however,  the  case 
is  difterent.  In  narrow  yards,  a  strip  of  cheap- 
muslin  or  calico  stretched  across  the  top  of  the 
yards  by  fastening  the  ends  to  opposite  fences,. 
will  cost  but  a  trifle,  and  be  very  serviceable. 

Young  Tuhkeys.— They  are  now  past  all  dan- 
ger, and  should  be  given  as  much  range  as  possi- 
ble, especially  where  grass  is  plentiful  and  insect 
food  abundant.  Aiwaysgive  them  a  good  mess  of 
wheat  and  corn  at  night,  and  they  will  come  up 
regularly  without  missing  once.  By  feeding 
them  at  night,  they  will  grow  much  faster,  and 
as  .size  is  very  important  In  a  turkey,  this  should 
not  be  forgotten. 

DuiLDiNG  Poultry  Houses.— In  building  & 
liouse,  always  endeavor  to  get  as  much  ro^^tm  on 
the  floor  as  possible.  Place  the  windows  on  the 
^outli  side,  and  makt  the  roof  tight,  in  order  that 
the  interior  may  be  dvy.  The  ne&ts  should  be 
movable,  and  the  roosts  all  on  a  level  with  each 
other  and  as  low  as  thei  can  be  placed  conven- 
iently. A  boaid  floor  is  ilie  best,  wliile  taried 
paper  should  be  used  lor  lining  the  walls. 

Savethe  Lawn  gkass  >ok  Poultkv.— LawiD 
grass,  bemg  cut  wlien  only  h  few  inches  high, 
siiould  be  cured  and  stored  away  foi' wiraer  use. 
It  usually  contains  a  varieiy  t)f  grasses,  wbiohas 
an  advantage.  In  ttie  winier  a  few  tiandlum 
cooked  will  be  lound  invamaijie,  and  ii  may  be 
fed  in  the  shape  of  dry  riay  also,  it  preferred. 
Any  kind  of  green  lood  may  oe  grown  and  stored 
away  tot  winter  use  ii  cut  wnci.  young  and  ten- 
.ler.  The  diflituily  with  matured  hay  is  tnal 
much  of  it  is  bard  and  woody,  which  is  not  the 
rase  with  Uiwn  grass,  bat  even  ordinary  hay 
can  be  made  serviceable  by  cooktng.  Quite  a 
large  <ju;intily  o(  winter  food  may  oe  stored  up 
II om  a  small  lawn,  and  Il»s  is  an  excellent 
1  ime  for  doin^  so. 


FOR  SIX  MONTHS^. 


FRFF 

tiaDdsonieat,  be-it  ami  nrn'^L  imt^rt^suog  liurary  and  family  i^\-r.  < 
publiEbed.  Each  Duiiiticr  c-'itiauia  16  maQimoth  pn^es  an<l  lil 
column)!,  filled  wiib  iuier^sciog  and  ioKtruclive  reading  Diuuer 
and  beautifTil  illumralion?.  It  conUiDa  ootioued  and  sliorL 
Biones,  sketchea  and  p"enis  by  ilie  l>''-.t  nuthors,  wit  and  humor 
usefuimiscel'.iinT.  etc.  Jttci'l  i.g  sentVree  for  fflx  Month* 
to  atiyonewhrii,  ill  Bene/ ws  Twenty-flve  Cent*  Co  pay  post- 
age rtttd  help  pay  Ihe  co-it  of  l/iis  advertisement,  TbiB  (real  uSer 
la  nia'lo  Bok'ly  la  introduce  tht^  paper  iriio  boroei  whera  It  is  nnt 
laKeu.       Five   Fnh^criptions   will    be  Bent    for    Jl.OO.       Address; 

S.  U.  MOOltE  Jt  CO,,  S7  Pafk  Place,  New  York. 


THE  PNEUIYIATIU 

FRUIT  DRIt:io<S. 

Retain  the  natural  fruit  and  vei;p- 
tabie  fliivor. 

The  iiiDst  rapid  evaporation,  wiLli 
least  luel. 

Made  in  ALL  SIiZES.  for  farm  or 
factory  use. 

We 'also  manufaf'iiirp  the  b  tis  t 
Evaporators  Ut  nmkini; 

AFFIiE  TELIiV 

from  Ciflnr,  « iilioui  sii^a*  -or  aqj'  for- 
eign siihstance. 

Send  lur  Descriptive  Circnlars  and 
Tesiinionials. 

VERMONT  FARM  MACHINE  CO.. 
Itellow!^  FmIU.  Vr. 


PORTABLE  EVAPORATOR 

Will  dry  nil  Uin«l<t  of   1-  iiiii  liaii<Uuiiiel>'  and 

H.  TOPPi'NC^MARioN,  NEW  YORK. 

T.  WALTER  &  SONS,  ^^^^^H^ 

HrePders  and  Hliippprs  .)f  lUrUOVKI)  STdCK, 
CATTLE.  SHKKI',  SWINIi.  I'Ol  I.TItV.  aliO 
1XX.S.    Send  i4liiini>  Tor  f 'nlnloellt:  aiHM*i*ioes. 


ONE  MILE  SIGNAL  WHISTLE.  f;r.','i.;r.r -i^C 

this.  Invaliinble  as  a  <<ti^))al  on  ilie  lartn  or  over  the 
water.  Ex^pi  size  of  a  50-calibre  centre  tire  cartridge; 
orass,  with  nickel  bullet.  Fai'tners,  s|toMsiiien,  and 
lilensiire-seekers  should  have  it.  Tlie  loudest  and' 
iiiufm  pLerciiielv  Nhi'ill  ^vlii*ftle  inaile.  Sent  by 
mail,  post-paid,  with  our  catalosnt^'  ol'  ^'uns,  for  only  2.5c. 
in  Siamps.    J^dress,  RENNIC,  ALLSON  &  CO.,  Phllad'a.  Pa. 


Buried  Like  a  Dog.— A  little.  Fifth  Avenue 
dog  died  after  being  the  hou.seliold  pet  for  twenty 
years.  A  beautiful  casket,  covered  with  white 
satin  and  ornamented  with  ribbons,  was  ordered  | 


Al.so"Ho\v  to  Use  a  Kaz< 


WHERE  DID  WE  GET  THE  IDEA? 

we  pick  up  Ideas  Ironi  eveiy  source. 

Tlie    "boys"    tell   ua 

what  they  want.  This 

knife  has  3  blades,  as 

sl)t)wn ;    they    are 

keen,    strong,    sensi- 

I'le.    Price,  bv  mail, 

3    for  S2.50,  6  for 

J.80.    Heavy   a-blade 

;nife,  50  cts.:  Ladies' 

.0  cts.;'  bc^'s'  2.1  cts.- 

I'runlng  knife,  50  c*3.. 

tn  SI.  4S-page  list  free.. 

MAH£R  &  GROSH,  76  Summit  Street.  Toledo.  Ohio. 


r2 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


A/^ox..  IV.    JSTo.  ZKI. 

r^e  Farm  and  Garden  is  published  at  725  i^iV- 
(frcri  Street^  Philadelphia,  Penna.  It  is  mailed  to 
■subscribers  from  the  25th  to  the  last  day  of  the 
"month  preceding  date  of  issue.  The  subscription 
iprice  is  60  cents  a  year^  but  it  is  sent  in  clubs  of  4 
"nr  more  at  26  cents  a  year. 


Page  1.- 

JPage  3L- 
Page  3.- 

Pf^e  4.- 
Page  S.- 
Page 6.- 
(Page  T.- 
Page 8.- 
4>age  9.- 

l>age  10.- 


Page  II. 
Page  12. 
Page  13. 
Page  14. 
Page  15. 


Page  16.— A 


CONTENTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER 

—The   Farmer's  Home   Garden       Cullivatins. 
Sloboots  in  bis  Garden. 
Sawdust  and  Potatoes.    Bones  Dissolved  wuh 

Ashes.    Contingencies. 
■Golden  Opportunities  in  the  South.  The  Poeir\ 
and  Proseof  Bee  Keeping    July  Paragraphs. 
The  Crawford  Apple.    Fruil  Notes. 
■Fruit  Notes  (continued).      Letter  from  New 

Zealand. 
-Our  Flower  Garden. 
■Our  Flowei   Garden  (continued). 
-Live  Stock. 

•Difficuitles  during  InciibaWon     Ducks  arrt 
Geese.    Poultry  lor  the  Table.    Eradicuiinu 
Lice.    Poultry  Scratchines. 
A   Good  Scavenger.       Habits  of   Disorder   In 
Kurly    Years.      Our  Foui-Footed    Friends 
Taking  a  Play-Spell.    Tlme-teaverg. 
Odds  and  Ends. 
Editorial  Comment. 
Clippings 
Corresprjiiflence. 

Correspundence fcoDtiDued).     For  the   Ho i 
Weather. 
Collection. 


These  prfces  Include   the  paper   named,  and 
the  Farm  and  Garden. 


^merloaB  AgrtcaUurlRt,     .  $1.35 

Arthur's  Hom«    yagaiiae.  1.T5 

Bret^.icri  Gaielle,      .     .     .  2.:t5 

-Carpenirv  and   Ituildlog.  .  1  00 

Cemurv  Magftciae,    ...  3% 

Chicngo  Weekly  News,  .     .  1.20 
Cultivator     aad     CouDtry 

()>MUl(!meii 2.S5 

Demoreat's  Monthly,     .     .  1.86 

FRrm^r's  Magaziuc 50 

Tarm  Journal 60 

Parmer's  Review 1.S5 

Oolden  Argoty.              .    .  1.60 


Oreeo'a  Fmlt  Grower,    . 

Harpvr'sHa^azfoe,     ...  z.'a 

Home  Rill)  Farm ':'> 

HoUBVtl^t'i l.IO 

New  Vurk  Trlhuoe,    .    .     .  \.r:^ 

Poultry  Keeper 70 

Poultry  Worl.l l.IO 

Purrty  •  Pnilt   Reoorder,     .  K. 

Rural  New  Yorker.     .     .     .  2.2? 

SaturdaT  ^veiling  Poat,     .  l.S.i 

Trllxioe'and  Farmer,     .     .  1.05 

VlclCB  Honltity 1.15 

ToQLh'a  CompaDtOD,    S1.80  S.IO 


eoiTOi^iAii  Comment. 


10  sel  such  a  trap  where  tall  trees  and  woods  are 
near.  In  that  case  the  shot  gun  must  do  the 
work. 

Protect  all  Insect-eating  birds  and  Uielr  nests 
from  cats,  crows,  and  squirrels,  and  no  less  from 
mischievous  boys. 

There  is  no  danger  in  good,  sound  vegetables 
and  ripe  fruits  ;  avoid  those  not  fully  matured. 

Eat  plenty  of  berries  and  let  your  children 
have  all  they  want. 

The  Judicious  use  of  water,  both  Internally 
■ind  externally,  and  the  removal  of  all  fllth,  fun- 
dus, and  fermentation  from,  in,  and  around  the 
house,— In  short,  cleanliness  and  moderation  are 
sure  preventives  of  cholera  in  its  malignant 
form. 

True  temperance  is  moderation,  and  should  be 
e.\ercised  even  In  the  use  of  water,  particularly 
iced  water,  during  hot  weather.  Water  kills  as 
many  people  as  whisky.  If  not  more. 

Buttermilk  Is  an  excellent  harvest  drink.  So 
IS  a  mixture  of  milk  and  water, or  water  flavored 
with  lemon  Juice  (or  vinegar  with  a  trifle  of  gin- 
ger). With  or  without  sugar. 


July.  "  Ready  for  the  reaper  stands  the  golden 
.grain."  Harvest  time  has  come.  The  wheat  crop 
is  greatly  injured  by  drouth  and  wlnt«r,  and  the 
yield  not  as  large  as  we  would  wish  it  to  be,  yet 
there  is  plenty  for  all  and  to  spare.  Will  you 
..grumijlc  because  It  is  not  more? 

The  (probable)  advance  in  price  will  gladden 
the  heart  of  the  wise  grower,  and  make  up  lo 
him  the  loss  in  quantity.  Everything  will  turn 
out  all  right  in  the  end. 

Wheat  cut  when  in  the  "dough"  state  gener- 
ally makes  the  plumpest  kernel.  Cure  well,  and 
draw  at  once  to  the  barn. 

If  you  have  to  stack  wheat  out-doors  (which  is 
the  common  practice  in  the  large  wheat-growing 
sections  of  the  South  and  West),  employ  good 
hanibs  to  do  the  stacking.  The  stack  should  shed 
rain  as  well  as  an  umbrella  or  a  shingle  roof.  Top 
out  with  coarse  hay.  Thresh  It  at  an  early  date, 
and  sell  wlien  you  can.* 

We  prefer  s/kiHou' and  flat  cultivalion  for  corn. 
■Nothing  is  gained  by  excessive  hilling.  Much 
moisture  Is  lo.st  if  the  season  be  dry.  Cultivate 
early,  often,  and  late. 

A  lew  pounds  of  strap-leaf  turnip  (purple-top 
Is  good,)  sown  broadca,st  on  the  corn  field  after 
the  last  cultivation,  will  make  line  pasture  for 
late  fall,  and  one  particularly  valuable  lor  sheep. 

Weeds  are  still  growing,  and  insects  and  bugs 
are  bent  on  their  work  of  destruction.  Do  not 
tire  of  fighting  them. 

Protect  your  stock  from  flies  and  the  heat. 
Give  them  shade,  or  stable  horses  and  cows 
(luring  the  day,  and  if  you  pasture,  do  so  at 
night.  Provide  good  w:iler  for  your  animals- 
plenty  of  it  and  often.  Do  not  work  your  learns 
between  the  hours  of  11  and  3,  unless  you  are 
obliged  to  do  so. 

Your  hen  luiuso  must  be  inspected  often,  and 
kerosene  applied  as  soon  as  you  notice  signs  of 
vermin. 

Feed  your  chickens  regularly  and  often  with  a 
variety  of  food.  Chickens  but  a  few  days  old 
soon  learn  to  cat  wheat,  millet,  sorghum,  all  of 
which  are  excellent  food  for  them.  Chickens 
need  water  (or  milk)  to  drink,  and  should  have 
■  It,  if  some  people  and  poultry  journals  do  deny  it. 

Tlie  best  use  that  can  be  made  of  skim  milk, 
sour  milk,  and  butter  milk  is  to  let  your  fowls 
have  it.   ■ 

Cats  are  often  very  destructive  to  chickens  and 
turkey  chicks.    Kill  the  robbers! 

You  can  catch  liawks  with  a  steel-trap  .astened 
.\3p0u  the  end  of  a  tall  pole  or  post  erected  in  the 
miiddle  of  a  tieuliss  lot.    But  it  will  do  no  good 


Set  out  celery  now.  Almost  everybody  likes  it. 
Plant  In  very  rich  soil  (or  soil  heavily  manured 
with  well-rotted  compost),  not  in  deep  trenches 
(unless  required  in  a  hot  climate)  nor  on  top  of  a 
ridge,  but  in  the  bottom  of  well-rounded-off  fur- 
rows, say  tiiree  or  four  inches  below  the  even 
surface  of  the  soil  Get  good  ptanu  or  let  them 
alone.  Shade  with  boards  or  leaves  for  a  few 
days,  if  necessary,  and  water  often. 


We  were  pleased  to  meet  during  a  recent  visit 
at  Richmond,  V'a.,  and  quite  accidentally,  the 
famous  small-fruit  man,  J.  T.  Lovett,  and  his 
brother.  These  gentlemen  evidently  believe  in 
the  superior  climate  and  other  advantages  of 
that  .State,  and  were  looking  for  "  Golden  Oppor- 
tunities." J.  T.  Lovett  has  found  that  section 
admirably  adapted  not  only  to  grape  culture,  but 
also  to  the  iiuioduction  of  an  excellent  quality 
of  grape  roots.    We  wish  him  success. 


him  to  be,  we  would,  alone  in  consideration  of 
the  change  in  the  Department,  rejoice  in  the 
change  of  the  administration  which  caused  it. 
If  the  Department  will  consume  a  vast  amount 
of  the  farmer's  money  annually,  we  desire  to  be 
benefitted  by  It.  Practical  information  is  what 
we  want,  and  what  we  pay  the  money  for.  Let 
us  say,  for  once,  "Full  value  received  1" 


Does  the  preservation  of  long  sprouts  on  seed 
potatoes  promote  earllness  in  the  crop?  Only  in 
theory.  The  facts,  which  we  have  gathered  from 
our  own  observation  and  experience,  show  that 
some  of  the  still  undeveloped  buds  generally 
overtake  and  outgrow  the  earlier  (long)  sprouts. 
We  would  not  take  the  least  trouble  to  preserve 
Ihem.  

Some  of  our  agricultural  contemporaries  are 
very  kind  Indeed.  They  keep  on  telling  us  that 
with  our  liberal  premiums  of  seeds  and  plants, 
we  might  do  an  injustice  to  and  ottcnd  our  seeds- 
men and  florists,  and  consequently  lose  the  pa- 
Ironage  of  that  class  of  advertisers.  Our 
brethren,  in  their  anxiety  for  our  welfare,  would 
deeply  regret  .such  a  loss  to  us,  and  almost  con- 
sider it  a  calamity. 

Have  no  fear.  The  F.\RM  .^XD  Garden  is  the 
grandest  advertising  medium  out,  and  our  adver- 
tising seedsmen  know  it. 

Do  our  premiums  really  hurt  their  sales?  Far 
from  it.  Regular  seed  buyers  buy  seeds  of  their 
own  selection,  whether  they  receive  our  seed 
premiums  or  not.  But  nine-tenths  of  our  sub- 
scribers who  do  receive  tlieni  have  never  bought 
seeds  directly  from  the  advertisers. 

By  giving  to  them  a  collection  of  valuable 
seeds,  we  show  the  advantage  of  getting  such 
seeds  by  mail  from  a  reliable  source,  and  many 
subscribers  will  become  regular. seed-buyers.  We 
claim  that  our  advertisers  art  benefitted  by  our 
business  methods. 

Have  no  tear,  brethren.  We  shall  not  know- 
ingly do  an  injustice  to  our  subscribers  or  to  our 
advertisers.  

A  trip  down  the  James  River  from  Richmond 
to  Norfolk,  in  May,  is  an  enjoyable  allair.  We 
took  occasion  to  stop  off"  at  Clareniont,  Surry 
County,  Va.,  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the 
"colony."  We  never  will  regret  the  two  days 
spent  there.  We  met  happy  and  contented  faces 
everywhere,  good  society,  every  modern  im- 
provement, and  unmistakable  signs  of  thrift  and 
prosperity.  We  expected  to  get  into  the  "  back- 
woods," but  we  were  greatly  mistaken. 


Now,  while  village  and  city  people  sleep  away 
the  best  hours  of  their  lives,  the  farmer,  who  is 
early  to  bed,  healthy,  and  wise,  witnesses  the 
glorious  sunrise  and  breathes  the  fresh  morning 
air.  Life  is  short,  and  sleep  consumes  one-third 
of  It,  but  this  one-third  should  not  be  the  very 
best  part  of  life. 

The  husbandman's  work  compels  li  im  to  be  out 
In  the  burning  sun  more  or  less.  He  is  always  in 
close  communion  with  nature,  and  not  afraid  of 
sunstroke,  like  housed-up  and  tender-brained 
city  people.  Yet,  as  he  rises  early,  he  can  well 
aflbrd  to  lake  a  two  or  three  hours'  rest  during 
the  middle  of  the  day.  It  will  pay  him  also  In 
strength  regained. 

When  at  work  In  the  hot  sun  put  a  handful  of 
clover  or  a  cabbage  or  burdock  leaf  into  your 
hat.  It  will  keep  you  cool  and  comfortable.  You 
need  a  firm  muscle  and  a  cool  head. 


Thousands  of  pounds  and  hundreds  of  bushels 
of  next-to-wortbless  seeds  and  S32  in  cash.  That 
seems  to  be  the  ridiculous  remnant  of  the  SIOO.OUO 
appropriated  by  Congress  for  the  governmental 
free-seed  distribution,  and  a  fine  siiowing  for  Dr. 
Loring's  management  of  the  Department  indeed! 
What  a  senseless  waste  of  the  people's  money  ! 
Yet  Dr.  Loring  is  not  to  blame  more  than  Con- 
gress, who  have  made  the  Department  more  of  a 
political  than  an  agricultural  institution.  There 
is  abundant  room  for  reform,  and  if  Col.  Colman 
is  the  right  man  in  the  right  place,  as  we  expect 


It  Is  not  too  late  to  sow  fodder  crops.  The  hay 
crop  is  quite  short  in  many  sections.  Pastures 
will  fail  in  the  fall :  prepare  for  it.  You  can  still 
grow  a  crop  of  sweet  corn  lor  fodder,  or  a  piece  of 
Hungarian  grass.    You  will  probably  need  it. 


There  Is  a  prevailing  paragraph  now  illumina- 
ting the  otherwise  dull  <'Olumos  of  many  of  our 
exchanges,  declaring  the  English  sparrows  a 
nuisance,  and  citing  numerous  ways  in  which 
they  are  injurious.  They  say  they  drive  away 
other  birds,  encourage  the  cultivation  of  insects, 
destroy  fruit  buds  and  grain,  and  propagate  dis- 
ease. Such  foolishness  can  but  amuse  the  practi- 
cal farmer  who  remembers  the  measuring  worm 
now  never  seen,  who  sees  fruit  set  and  mature 
in  the  very  trees  in  which  the  birds  roost,  and 
who  compares  the  amount  of  grain  and  ripe  fruit 
consumed  by  the  sparrows  to  that  of  blackbirds, 
robins  or  other  native  birds.  Better  get  some- 
thing new  to  grumble  about. 


Everybody  who  farms  understand*  how  togrow 
turnips,  but  everybody  will  not  take  the  precau- 
tion to  use  plenty  of  seed.  The  fly  is  the  scourge 
of  this  crop,  and  can  only  be  beaten  by  using 
seed  liberally.  After  the  seed  is  up  sprinkle 
ashes  around  the  plants,  but  not  in  direct  contact 
with  them  when  very  young.  Gas  tar,  when 
used  lor  impregnating  water,  which  should  be 
sprinkled  over  plants,  is  very  obnoxious  to  all 
kinds  of  insects,  and  may  be  used  freely  on  tur- 
nips, cabbages,  squashes,  melons,  and  other  vege- 
tables, as  it  is  not  injurious  in  any  manner  to 
plants. 

We  venture  to  say  that  those  who  had  pigs 
farrowed  in  February  and  March  are  wiser  than 
they  were  a  few  months  ago.  No  possible  advan- 
tage can  be  gained  by  having  the  sows  come  in  so 
early,  for  the  labor  and  care  required  to  protect 
them  from  cold  and  sudden  changes  of  weather 
cannot  be  compensated.  A  check  to  pigs  in  the 
beginning  is  a  check  until  they  are  butchered. 
Better  bring  the  pigs  in  during  May,  lor  they  will 
overtaketheearlierones.  Even  April  istoosoon 
sometimes.  

It  is  enough  to  make  a  granger  smile  to  hear 
Ihe  average  citizen  talk  about  the  weather  and 
crops.  Men  who  never  lived  a  week  in  the 
country  will  gravely  discuss  the  efl'ects  of  this 
rain  and  that  hot  day  on  corn  and  wonder  whether 
the  cold  snap  will  kill  the  buds  on  the  wheat, 
and  if  it  is  too  damp  to  sow  strawberry  seeds. 
The  less  a  man  knows  the  more  he  talks. 


The  Agricultural  Department  is  rotten  from 
one  end  to  the  other.  If  there  ever  was  a  time 
and  place  for  a  "clean  sweep"  in  public  olBce, 
this  is  the  time,  and  the  "Government  Seed 
Shop"  is  the  place.  Mr.  Colman  has  been  in 
oflice  o^er  two  months  and  like  a  majority  of 
the  Agricultural  press,  the  Farm  and  Gakdem 
has  looked  for  and  hoped  for  some  change  for 
the  better.  The  flrst  change,  and  one  that  could 
have  been  made  ot  once,  is  the  reinoval  of  all 
Employes  and  Subordinates  in  tills  ilepartmeut 
who  have  been  assistants  in  its  corruption,  and 
a  cause  of  its  deficiency. 


The  month  of  June  is  a  dull  month  for  papers, 
and  the  year  1S85  has  not  been  considered  a  g<iod 
one.  Yet  in  June  ISSI  the  Farm  and  Garden 
received  nearly  twice  as  many  sub.^cribei'S  as  in 
June  1SS4. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


13 


Clippings. 


K  is  our  desire  to  make  these  so  full  nnd  varied  that  every 
7T(('/fr  o//;m?  Farm  AND  Garden. 'C'l  ihcutihhf  takes 

no  other  paper  can  feel  in  a  rrunsurf      '■"' 

with  nil  the  feadinp  publicad 


Hinted 


From  "Turf.  Firld  and  Fa7-ni"  X'lr  Vorfc. 
HOW  THE  THOROUGHBRED  IS  RELATED  TO 
THE  TROTTING  PROBLEM. 
I  do  not  advocate,  that  in  order  to  get  trotters  j'ou 
must  breed  a  thoroughbred  to  a  thoroughbred:  but  I  do 
claim  that  to  get  the  proper  bone  to  stand  hammering;, 
to  get  the  requisite  stamina,  to  get  size,  silken  coats, 
symmetry,  and  ambition,  the  thoroughbred  is  essential 
as  a  foundation.  Having  these,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
breed  further  to  the  thoroughbred  for  a  trotter,  but  to 
cultivate  the  trotting  action  by  breeding  to  sires  and 
mares  in  which  it  is  strongly  developed  and  that  are 
highly-bred  themselves.  The  trotter  of  extreme  capac- 
ity must  be  rich  in  thoroughbred  blood:  and  Governor 
Stanford  will,  in  the  near  future,  demonstrate  this  fact 
even  more  clearly  than  it  is  at  present  demonstrated. 


From  "Dairy  Farmer"  Chicnpo,  271. 

One  of  the  much-vaunted  remedies  for  consumption  is 
now  very  largely  sold  in  Chicago  as  an  article  of  daily 
diet— for  the  healthy  as  well  as  the  ailing.  It  is  the 
"Kumiss."  which  originated  in  Tartary,  where  it  is 
made  from  the  milk  of  mares.  The  following  is  a  for- 
mula for  its  preparation,  given  by  a  leading  physician  : 
"  One  cup  of  buttermilk,  very  sour ;  seven  cups  of  fresh 
milk.  To  stand  in  a  slightly  warm  place  near  the  fire 
for  twelve  hours.  Whip  smooth,  adding  a  little  white 
sugar  in  powder.  Bottle,  and  let  it  stand  for  twelve 
hours  uncorked.  Then  cork,  and  wire.  Keep  in  a  cool 
place  for  two  or  three  days,  when  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 
Beware  how  you  uncork,  as  it  is  often  very  much  up." 
There  appears  to  be  no  reason  why,  if  the  article  is 
really  as  beneficial  as  is  claimed,  dairymen  should  not 
make  and  bottle  it  in  large  quantities,  and  make  It  a 
staple  article  of  trade. 


From  "Our  Cotinfry  Home"  Qreenfleld,  Mass. 

BELIEVES   IN   TWO   LITTERS  A   YEAR. 

Many  persons  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  the  more 
profitable  plan  to  have  sows  rear  but  one  litter  of  pigs 
per  year,  and  have  those  come  early  in  the  spring.  An 
Illinois  correspondent  thinks  otherwise,  and  tells  how 
he  does  with  Poland-Chinas,  by  saying  :  "  Two  years  ago 
my  pigs  were  farrowed  the  last  five  days  in  March  and 
the  first  fifteen  days  in  April.  I  crowded  them  all  they 
would  bear  until  the  middle  of  July,  and  then  took  corn 
from  them  entirely  until  the  middle  of  September.  This 
two  months  I  had  them  running  on  wheat  stubble  and 
clover  fields,  then  I  began  feeding  corn  Jigain,  all  they 
would  eat,  until  the  12th  of  January.  I  sold  at  that 
time,  drove  three  miles  to  station  and  weighed,  and  my 
bunch  of  62  weighed  312  all  around.  I  always  raise  from 
100  to  125  pigs,  and  sell  down  to  that  number  for  breed- 
ing purposes,  and  that  always  calls  for  the  top  of  the 
herd.  My  second  litter  is  farrowed  the  last  half  of 
September  and  the  first  half  of  October.  I  feed  my  pigs 
sparingly  during  the  winter  season, until  put  on  grass  in 
the  spring.  I  sold  them,  65  in  number,  the  22d  of  June, 
and  they  averaged  265.  I  have  two  crops  of  hogs  into 
market  before  you  get  ready  to  feed  yours.  Now  I  have 
577  pounds  to  another  man's  probable  -lOO.  It  looks  to  me 
as  though  it  would  be  very  expensive  to  wait  until  I  see 
my  pigs  more  fully  develop  themselves  before  I  fatten." 


From  " Poultry  Yard,"  Jlartford,  nmn. 

LEGITIMATE  BUSINESS. 
The  poultry  business  has  long  passed  the  trial  stage 
and  become  as  mucli  a  legitimate  one  as  any  form  of 
industry  that  can  be  cited.  Entirely  apart  from  its  fac:- 
nation  for  the  amateur  (and  in  this  word  is  embraced 
old  a  new  breeders),  is  its  strictly  business  phase.  Most 
breeders  go  into  poultry  raising  for  two  distinct  causes- 
love  of  the  beautiful  fowls  and  all  that  pertains  to  them, 
and  the  desire  of  making  some  money.  Of  late  years 
many  men  have  gone  into  poultry  breeding  on  a  large 
scale,  and  with  a  definite  purpose  of  making  all  the 
money  they  honestly  can  by  selling  fowls  and  eggs. 
There  has  been  a  disposition  to  sneer  at  such  under- 
takings, and  prophesy  their  failure.  As  if,  forsooth,  no 
business  that  was  not  handed  down  from  our  grandsires 
could  be  legitimate  and  profitable.  Many  a  pale  bank 
clerk  or  "  counter  jumper  "  in  a  dry  goods  store  who 
looks  down  scornfully  on  the  poultry  raiser,  might  far 
better,  provided  he  has  brain  or  energy  left  to  do  so, 
drop  his  ill-paid  and  unhealthy  calling  for  one  as  much 
more  profitable  and  substantial,  as  is  poultry  keeping. 
This  business  is  already  an  important  one,  as  anyone 
who  will  take  the  pains  to  find  out  what  is  yearly  paid 
for  eggs  and  poultry,  can  learn.  It  is  as  much  a  legitimate 
business  as  handling  dry  goods  or  keeping  books.  The 
poultry  keeper  is  his  own  master:  does  not  get  to  work 
on  the  notch  of  an  hour;  is  not  "whistled  in  and  out" 
like  the  workers  in  machine  shops  and  factories,  and 
has  altogether  a  pleasanter  life  than  those  who  follow  a 
stated  round  of  common  toil.  At  the  expiration  of  ten 
years  in  the  business,  he  will  with  ordinary  care,  have 
more  health,  money,  and  comfort  to  show  than  the  aver- 
age workman  in  any  branch  we  have  named. 


From  "  Farmers'  Review"  Chicago,  III. 

One  of  the  embarrassments  with  which  the  new  com- 
missioner of  agriculture  was  conlronted  on  assuming 
his  office,  was  immense  stocks  of  seeds  purchased  by 
his  predecessor,  but  without  the  means  of  distributing 
tljem— almost  the  entire  appropriation  for  see^s  had 
been  used  in  their  purchase.  Among  other  varieties 
were  several  hundred  bushels  of  early  amber  cane, 
which  for  years  has  been  grown  in  almost  every  county 
in  the  United  States,  and  is  a  staple  with  every  seed 
dealer  in  the  country.  There  is  abuut  the  same  need 
for  its  being  distributed  by  the  department  of  agricul- 
ture that  there  is  for  a  distribution  ot  red  clover  seed. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  this  whole  system  of  seed  distribu- 
tion by  the  department  is  largely  a  humbug.  Every 
new  variety  giving  promise  of  excellence  is  tested  by 
the  seed  dealers,  and  if  found  valuable,  is  grown  to  sup- 
ply their  trade.  It  is  only  as  this  is  fully  supplied  and 
they  have  a  surplus,  that  they  have  any  to  sell  to  the 
department.  All  new  varieties  are  widely  distributed 
before  the  department  can  get  a  pound  of  them.  The 
seeds  they  do  purchase  are  largely  the  old  and  refuse 
stocks  which  the  dealers  dump  upon  a  credulous  agri- 
cultural commissioner,  reserving  their  new  and  choicest 
stocks  to  supply  their  own  trade  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  practical  common  sense  of  Commissioner  Colman 
will  lead  him  to  put  an  end  to  the  farce  of  seed  distri- 
bution. 
From  "Frairie  Farmer"  Chirnpo,  111. 

FANNY    FIELD'S  SENSE. 

I  suppose  I  am  as  near  sanctification  as  a  poultry 
writer  ever  gets  in  this  world;  but  still.  I  do  get  mad 
sometimes  about  the  stuff  that  the  chaps  who  hardly 
know  one  breed  of  fowls  from  another,  and  who  have 
not  yet  mastered  the  alphabet  of  poultry-raising,  tell  us 
about  the  different  breeds,  the  care  of  chicks,  manage- 
ment of  laying  hens,  etc.  One  man,  who  has  had  one 
season's  experience  with  one  or  two  breeds,  gets  up. 
puts  one  hand  under  the  hind  part  of  his  coat,  sticks  the 
thumb  of  the  other  hand  into  the  arm-hole  of  his  vest, 
clears  his  throat,  and  with  an  air  that  would  carry  con- 
viction straight  to  the  wooden  heart  of  a  cigar-store 
Indian,  gravely  informs  the  congregalion  that  the  Brah- 
mas  are  the  "best  fowls  on  earth."  Next,  another  chap, 
who  knows  more  or  less,  generally  less,  about  Brahmas, 
gets  in  his  work  by  remarking  that  he  "never  keeps  the 
Asiatics  after  they  are  a  year  old,  because  they  never 
lay  as  many  eggs  the  second  year  as  they  do  the  first." 
Before  our  digestive  organs  have  fairly  settled  down  to 
work  on  this  last  chunk  of  information, another  brother, 
whose  sitting  hen  came  off  with  eleven  chicks  from 
thirteen  eggs,  while  the  home-made  hatching  machine 
only  produced  three  chicks  from  one  hundred  eggs,  as- 
tonishes us  by  declaring  that  with  his  manner  of  caring 
for  sitting  hens  he  could  care  for  three  hundred  sitters, 
covering  four  thousand  eggs,  in  a  "half-hour's  time." 
What  everlasting  nonsense! 

From  "  Home  and  Farm"  Louisville..  Ky. 

I  quoted  in  my  last  letter  from  that  of  a  friend  in 
Sorrento.  Here  comes  one  from  his  wife  with  a  passage 
so  entertaining  that  you  must  have  the  reading  of  it : 

"  Speaking  of  Rome  reminds  me  of  a  most  interesting 
thing  we  heard  a  few  days  ago  about  the  discovery  of 
the  ashes  of  some  the  Caesars,  and  tlie  curious  use  to 
which  they  were  put.  You  must  know  that  Rome,  un- 
der the  new  government  of  United  Italy,  is  undergoing 
no  end  of  modern  improvements.  A  few  days  ago,  dig- 
ging down  to  renmve  some  old  foundations  to  make  and 
widen  a  new  street,  the  workmen  came  upon  a  sealed 
chamber  with  urns  full  of  ashes,  and  an  old  columbaria 
(a  chamber  in  which  the  ashes  of  the  dead  were  kept), 
wherein  were  some  beautiful  antique  bronzes  and  vases. 
These  workmen  were  not  honest  enough  to  tell  the 
owner  of  this  discovery,  and  they  disposed  of  some  of 
the  pieces  at  fabulous  price.s.  At  last,  the  knowledge 
coming  to  their  rightful  owner,  he  took  possession,  and 
scholars  discovered,  from  inscriptions,  that  the  urns 
and  the  great  marble  coffins  were  in  the  tomb  of  the 
Roman  Emperor  Galba.  Asking  what  had  become  ot 
the  ashes  in  the  urns  and  coffins,  the  head  workman 
confessed  that  there  had  been  a  lot  of  ashes  which  he 
did  not  suppose  were  of  any  value,  and  so  he  had  taken 
them  home  to  his  wife,  who  was  a  washwoman,  and  she 
had  made  soap  with  them.  The  ashes  of  a  Caesar  to 
make  soap  for  a  nineteenth-century  washing!  To  what 
base  uses  may  we  come  at  last!" 

Fi-om"  Times"  Cliirapo.  III. 

COMMON-SENSE  VIEW  OF  THE   CHOLERA. 

A  medical  journal  gives  an  extract  from  a  lecture  de- 
livered by  Dr.  Hugo  Engle,  in  which  there  are  some 
hints  of  universal  importance  in  regard  to  cholera  pre- 
vention. After  relating  a  number  of  instances  in  which 
animals  had  died  from  cholera  after  having  had  some 
canima-bacili  injected  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  duo- 
denum, he  proceeded  to  show  how  the  king  of  Italy  had 
visited  with  entire  impunity  the  cholera  hospitals  of 
Naples.  The  reason  of  this  is  thus  stated  :  "All  his  food 
and  all  the  water  and  wine  he  drank  were  sent  to  him 
from  Rome  in  hermetically-sealed  bottles  and  boxes. 
As  he  could  not  become  infected  by  way  of  inhalation, 
but  only  by  the  food  and  water  swallowed,  care  was 
simply  taken  to  have  the  food  and  drink  pure,  and  free 
from  camma-bacilli." 

Near  the  conclusion  of  his  lecture  the  doctor  gave 
some  practical  advice  which  may  be  of  use  in  this  local- 
ity in  case  we  should  have  the  outbreak  which  is  threat- 
ening us.  He  .said  tlmt  people  should  have  their  main 
organ  of  digestion  in  the  best  possible  order,  and  that 
errors  in  diet  should  be  avoided.  The  plain^'St  food 
should  be  selected,  and  every  particle  of  food  to  be  eaten 
and  water  to  be  drank,  boiled  thoroughly,  and  in  this 
way  there  would  be  no  danger  of  inlection.  These  are 
common-sense  views,  and  their  application  is  substanti- 
ally within  the  reach  of  every  family.  Cleaning  the 
streets  will  assist  in  preventing  theTspread  of  infection, 
but  at  the  same  time  it  will  not  keep  cholera  out  of  a 
city. 


Fiom  "Iowa  State  Urgister"  Des  Moines.  la. 

DOING    GOOD    TO    THE    SMART    ALECKS. 

■'Are  you  doing  your  neighbors  any  good  ** "  said  a  vis- 
itor at  the  farm  last  week.  "Are  they  adopting  your 
methods?" 

Our  answer  was.  "Some  are  and  some  are  not,  but  we- 
are  doing  all  of  them  good." 

For  instance  when  seven  years  ago  we  brought  to  this- 
farm  the  ancestors  of  mort;  than  half  a  dozen  herds  of" 
thoroughbred  hogs  in  the  county  and  of  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  grade  hogs,  for  a  good  many  miles  around,, 
we  were  voted^a  foolish  fellow  who  had  more  money 
than  he  could  take  care  of,  and  was  trying  to  throw  it 
away. 

"I  dot  you  vas  von  pig  fool."  as  an  honest  German  tolcb 
us  afterwards,  "but  now  I  see  dot  I  vash  de  fool." 

When  we  commenced  sowing  grass  seed,  certain  fail- 
ure was  predicted,  but  we  notice  that  these  prophets  of 
evil  are  "  going  to  grass  "  as  fast  as  possible.  And  then 
we  are  doing  lots  of  good  in  furnishing  subjects  for  con- 
versation in  the  neighborhood.  Just  now  they  are  hav- 
ing fun  at  our  expense  over  our  Russian  poplars  and 
willows  and  Scotch  alders,  and  they  think  the  Ag.  Ed.  is 
clear  crazy  when  he  hires  men  by  the  day  to  plant  trees, 
in  a  slough  that  a  horse  cannot  cross. 

So  we  think  we  are  doing  a  great  deal  of  good  and  fol- 
lowing the  scripture  injunction  "  Do  good  unto  all  men, 
especially  to  them  that  are  of  the  household  of  faith;" 
we  would  say  especially  to  the  smart  alecks. 

We  are  very  hopeful  of  these  chaps  who  do  not  believe- 
in  agricultural  papers  or  books. 

They  watch  us  very  closely,  and  that  is  a  good  thing 
for  both  of  us.  They  learn  to  be  close  observers,  which 
is  the  first  condition  of  progre.ss.  If  we.fail  in  anything^ 
as  we  sometimes  do,  it  makes  them  very  happy,  and  it 
is  a  good  thing  to  be  happy.  When  we  succeed,  they 
will,  in  time,  follow,  and  that  is  a  good  thing. 

We  have  watched  this  thing  for  thirty  years. 

When  John  Wallace  introduced  tile  drains  on  hia 
farm  thirty  years  ago,  he  was  supposed  to  be  crazy,  but 
the  land  is  all  drained  in  that  neighborhood  now. 

When  he  brought  the  first  reaper  into  the  neighbor- 
hood, his  old  hands  refused  to  work  for  him  because  he 
was  taking  the  bread  out  of  their  children's  mouths  by- 
using  machinery  in  the  harvest  field. 

We  all  laugh  at  the  blunder  now,  but  they  were  just  as 
wise  as  the  man  who  thinks  tree  planting  a  foolish 
thing,  or  are  skeptical  about  blue  grass  pastures  or  octa- 
gon barns. 

Frojn  "  Poultry  Keeper"  Chicafio,  PI. 

POULTRY   AND    EGGS. 

It  has  been  slated  that  the  census  returns  placed  the 
poultry  and  egg  production  far  in  advance  of  the  facts, 
but  we  believe  that  only  a  part  of  the  true  numbers  and 
values  are  ever  obtained.  The  Massachusetts  Plough- 
man has  been  searching  the  tenth  census  to  see  if  certaitt 
wild  statements  about  the  value  of  the  annual  poultry 
products  were  warranted,  and  this  is  what  it  found  : 

Until  the  tenth  census  was  taken  we  had  no  reliable 
means  of  knowing  the  number  of  fowls  kept  in  the 
United  States,  or  the  eggs  they  produced  ;  but  in  taking 
the  census  of  1880  the  poultry  statistics  were  included. 
The  result  shows  that  while  the  poultry  interest  is  very 
large.  It  does  not  overshadow  all  others,  as  was  believed 
by  some  enthusiastic  poultry-producers.  r 

The  whole  number  of  barn-yard  fowl,  not  inclodlng 
chicks,  in  the  United  States,  in  the  year  1879.  was  103,- 
772.135;  other  fowl.  22,235,187;  a  total  of  124,(XI7.322.  It  la 
fair  to  presume  that  with  the  chicks  raised  for  meat, 
the  whole  annual  product  for  poultry  meat  would  be  at 
least  372,021.966  pounds,  which  at  ten  cents  a  pound, 
would  be  1537.202.196  as  the  yearly  value  ot  dead  poultry. 
The  number  of  eggs  produced  from  the  above  number 
of  fowl  was  456,910,916  dozens,  which  at  15  cents  per 
dozen,  would  be  ?68,536,63",  making  a  total  income  from 
poultry  in  the  year  1879,  of  ?105,738.833. 

Massachusetts  contained  in  the  year  1S79.  of  barn-yard 
fowl  914,374,  other  fowl  48,654,  total  962,928;  the  product  of 
eggs  was  6,571,553  dozens,  of  meat  2,888.780  pounds,  which 
at  10  cents  would  be  $288,878.  The  eggs  at  15  cents  would 
be  ?985,732,  making  the  total  value  of  the  income  from 
the  poultry  in  Massachusetts  during  the  year  of  1879, 
§1 ,274,610. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  laying  hens  in  the  several 
States  produce  yearly  as  follows  : 

Maine 89  eggs  to  each  ben. 

Massachusetts,  ...       86    "  " 

Connecticut.   .       .       .       .    S-S    "  " 

New  Hampshire,      .       ,       81    "  ** 

Rhode  Island,        ...    76    "  " 

Vermont 69    "  " 

Pennsylvania,       .       .       .62    "  " 

Indiana,       ....       60    "  " 

Ohio 57    "  " 

Tennessee 65    "  * 

Kentucky,       ....    52    "  " 

Iowa, 61    "  " 

Illinois 42    "  " 

North  Carolina,.        .        .       42    " 

South  Carolina,     ...    37    "  " 

Louisiana 36    "  " 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  theNorllkernand  particularly 
the  New  England  Stales,  get  the  largest  number  of  egg» 
from  a  given  number  of  hens.  This  cannot  be  because 
the  climate  is  better  adapted  to  the  production  of  eggs, 
but  probably  because  the  demand  tor  eggs  in  manufac- 
turing districts  is  such  as  to  bring  prices  up  to  a  point  to 
make  it  an  object  to  give  the  hens  extra  care  and  a 
greater  variety  of  food. 

In  farming  districts,  away  fVom  manufactories,  the 
demand  for  eggs  is  limited,  so  the  farmer  gets  all  the 
eggs  he  wants  without  giving  the  poultry  any  particular 
attention  :  he  only  feeds  them  with  any  regularity  a  few 
weeks  before  he  desires  them  for  meat. 

The  forest  products  of  the  United  States  in  the  year 
1^9  were  $95,774,738,  or  |9,9G4,098  leas  than  the  product  of 
poultry  and  eggs.  " 


«4 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


(sOI^I^ESPONDBNGB. 

Harrisonvii.lk.  Kansas. 
I  have  a  kind  of  moss  that  I  wuulci  like  to  in- 
troduce in  some  State  where  there  is  none.  I  was 
out  walliingone  day  when  I  found  it.  Then  it 
was  an  inch  high.  I  tooic  It  up,  set  it  in  some 
rich  ground,  and  watered  frequently.  Now  it  is 
about  three  inches  high.  It  grew  half  an  incli 
and  then  branched  out  at  the  top.  It  is  partly 
covered  with  little  yellow  blossoms.  It  has  heen 
blooming  for  five  weeks,  and  I  have  not  noticed 
that  they  fall.  I  would  like  to  make  exchange 
for  some  house-plants  or  a  package  of  mixed 
house-plant  seeds.  Mrs.  M.  W.  E.  Parks. 


BujFrroN,  Llano  Co.,  Texas. 
In  my  April  number  of  Farm  and  Garden 
you  describe  the  cactus  premium.  The  Ecliino- 
cereus  Csespitosus  are  quite  plentiful  on  our 
ranch.  They  are  In  full  bloom  and  are  royally 
magnificent.  We  have  another  very  desirable 
Cactus,  found  single  and  in  bundles  of  as  many 
as  144  stems,  and  these  had  an  average  of  three 
blooms  to  the  stem.  The  whole  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  huge  rose  two  feet  in  diameter.  We 
also  have  the  Main.  App.,  and  several  others,  but 
the.v  do  not  approach  the  first  two  In  beauty  of 
flower.  I  would  like  to  supply  you  with  a  thou- 
sand or  more  each  of  the  first  two  In  exchange 
for  fruit  trees,  flowers,  etc.  F.  M.  Ramsey. 


In  the  June  nnmber  of  ttie  Farm  and  Garden 
the  question  Is  asked,  "  What  is  the  matter  with 
the  incubator?"  I  do  not  know  as  I  am  compe- 
tent to  answer  the  question,  but  I  will  give  my 
experience  with  the  Savldge  Incubator.  I 
started  mine  in  February,  and  have  run  It  ever 
since,  and  have  hatched  as  high  as  90  percent., 
never  less  than  75  per  cent.  1  use  eggs  from  my 
own  fowls  and  they  are  always  fresh.  That  Is 
one  important  point.  I  run  my  heat  at  lOti^,  and 
g:lve  the  eggs  a  good  cording  ofl"  every  day.  I 
supply  plenty  of  moist\ire  with  small  oups  of 
water,  and  a  small  piece  of  sponge  hi  each  cup. 
Do  not  sprinkle  the  eggs.  I  have  hatched  a 
better  per  cent  In  the  Incubator  than  I  >iave 
with  my  hens.  I  have  two  running ;  one  is  hatch- 
ing now.  I  have  Just  taken  511  chicks  out.  My 
theory  is  that  a  top  heat  IncBbator  requires  a 
higher  degree  of  beat  than  one  that  has  top  and 
bottom  heat.  F.  B.  Moksb. 


James  Q.  DayhofT,  Riggold,  Md.,  ss^s:— I  re- 
ceived the  plans  for  Savldge  Incvbator,  and 
made  one  as  directed.  March  9th,  1  set  It  with 
seventy-i  ve  eggs;  March  30th,  hatched  out  four- 
teen nice  chicks.  Of  the  remaining  sixt.\-one, 
there  were  thirty  not  fertile,  and  thirty-one  had 
dead  chicks  In,  about  one-third  hatched.  April 
8d,  I  set  it  again  with  seventy-five  eggs.  .Seventy- 
four  proved  fertile.  Out  of  these  we  hatched  fif- 
teen chlctas,  and  the  other  flfty-nlne  were  one- 
third  hatched.  The  thermometer  Is  correct.  I 
kept  It  at  105°  the  first  week,  and  then  104°,  and 
the  last  three  days  at  102°.  I  never  saw  It  over 
the  mark,  and  never  below  102°.  Please  tell  me 
why  the  chicks  die  In  the  shell.  I  think  the 
fault  Is  in  the  ventilator.  I  have  only  three  half- 
kich  tin  pipes,  and  I  think  there  should  be  more. 
I  keep  three  sponges  in  the  drawer,  and  a  pan  In 
the  ventilator. 


Fish  Lake  P.  O.,  Esmeralda  Co.,  Nevada. 

I  was  much  pleased  with  your  "  Cactus  Talk" 
in  the  April  number  of  your  paper.  I  used  to 
keep  t'acti  in  variety  years  ago  in  Illinois,  and 
am  a  great  admirer  ol  them.  I  am  an  old  lady 
now,  and  settled  in  a  little  valley,  the  altitude  of 
which  is  six  thousand  feet.  The  toot  bills  and 
sand  washes  on  either  side,  contain  some  fine 
kinds  of  Cacti.  I  send  you  a  specimen  of  one 
kind  that  I  think  very  pacullar  and  lovely.  The 
most  of  this  kind  of  Cacti  are  too  large  to  send 
by  mall,  being  generally  from  four  to  six  inches 
in  diameter,  and  a  foot  in  height;  they  often 
have  six  and  eight  flowers  open  at  once.  There 
are  some  varieties  of  Mammilaria,  with  crimson 
flowers,  and  an  Opuntia,  with  rose-colored  flow- 
ers. I  have  a  small  green-house,  and  am  pre- 
paring to  keep  flowers  again,  and  wish  to  get 
some  of  the  old  favorites.  Tell  me  if  any  of  the 
florists  you  know  of  make  a  specialty  of  Cacti, 
or  where  I  could  get  them  best,  and  could  I  ex- 
change some  of  the  varieties  here  for  some  of  the 
old  sorts?  I  used  to  have  fine  blooming  plants 
of  the  old  Creeping  Cereus,  with  its  lovely,  crim- 
son flowers  ;  the  Truncate  Cactus,  the  Cereus  Spe- 
ciosus,  Cereus  Speciosissiums,  and  a  triangular 
Cereus,  with  a  red  flower  the  size  of  a  coflee  cup ; 
the  Echinocacti,  or  Melon  Cactus,  with  a  white, 
sweet-scented  flower  ten  inches  long.  The  Creep- 
ing Cereus  or  Caterpillar,  as  we  used  to  call  it 
forty  years  age,  I  want  especially  to  get,  as  it  will 
look  to  me  more  like  an  old  friend  than  any 
plant  I  know  of. 

There  Is  also  growing  In  these  mountains  a 
curiosity  in  the  elderberry.  In  growth  and  ap- 
pearance it  is  like  our  elderberry  of  the  esust,  but 
the  fruit  is  entirely  free  from  that  sickening- 
sweet  taste,  and  is  a  fine  acid.  Just  like  a  currant. 
We  buy  them  dried,  of  CTie  Indians,  and  they  arc 
In  all  respects  as  to  taste,  like  a  currant.  Would 
they  not  be  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  small- 
fruit  list  If  Introduced  east  ? 

Mrs.  Sophronia  McAfee. 


A  correspondent  under  the  heading  "  What  Is 
wrong  with  the  Incubator,"  in  June  is^ue,  states 
that  he  did  not  allow  the  heat  to  go  "  below  98, 
nor  above  108,"  and  that  he '*  spHnkled,  turned 
twice  a  day,  and  cooled  once."  Now  "  what  is 
wrong  with  the  operator?"  Mr.  Savldge  does 
not  recommend  sprinkling^  does  not  allow  the 
heat  to  go  up  to  108,  and  directs  the  use  of  wet 
sponges  for  moisture.  The  correspondent  says 
he  "  kept  the  heat  at  104,  103,  and  102,"  but,  as  he 
further  says,  he  "  did  not  go  over  108,"  It  Implies 
that  he  went  up  to  that  degree,  which  conflicts 
with  the  first  statement.  If  he  will  carefully /oi- 
low  directions  he  will  have  no  occasion  for  his  in- 
quiry. The  incubator  is  so  sure,  compared  with 
others,  that  Mr.  Savldge  always  receives  them 
and  returns  the  money  when  they  fail  to  hatch. 
He  has  only  had  one  returned  from  all  he  has 
sold.  As  the  mistakes  of  the  correspondent  does 
Injustice  to  the  manufacturer,  this  is  written  in 
order  to  explain  the  matter.  It  has  been  proved 
that  not  one  operator  In  a  dozen  ivill  follow  direc- 
tions, and  if  the  correspondent  made  as  many 
mistakes  In  making  his  Incubator  (he  states  that 
he  made  his  own,)  as  In  operating  It,  he  alone 
should  bear  the  responsibility. 

Aif  OLD  Operator. 


J.  O.  Iftylor,  Parkersburg,  la.:  Will  some  one 
tell  me,  through  the  Farm  and  Garden,  where 
I  can  get  the  fSebastopol  seese? 

Mrs.  Addle  H.  Kelly,  Helena  City,  Montana 
Ter.,  asks  how  to  n>ake  cucumber  plekles  with 
whiskey.  Answer— We  see  it  recommended  to 
use  one-third  whiskey  and  two-thivds  water  for 
the  pickles.  Pack  green  cusumbevs  In  a  tub  and 
cover  with  pickle.    Use  no  salt. 

J.  F.  Bishop,  Logansport,  Ind.,  a.sks:  What  is 
Garden  Rhu,  which  is  recommended  to  put  In 
the  drinking  water  for  chlckea  cholera?  An- 
swer—We presume  there  Is  a  typograplilcal  error 
in  the  article  yen  read,  and  it  should  have  been 
garden  rhubarb.  The  remedy  is  useless. 
+ 

Belle  Robinson,  Belmore,  Ohio,  asks  for  a  sure 
remedy  for  the  blaek  fleas  that  are  so  trouble- 
some in  gardens.  Answer — Use  Persian  insfOt 
powder  as  directed  above.  Paris  green,  1  ounce 
to  12  pounds  of  flour,  well  mixed,  and  dusted  on 
the  plants  when  wet  with  dew,  will  kill  every 
flea  and  bug.  We  use  it  freely. 
+ 

Otto  L.  Nichols,  South  Brookfleld,  N.  Y.,  asks: 
Is  the  Newton  patent  method  of  fastening  cows 
practical  im  home  dairying  where  we  milk  in  the 
stables  and  turn  the  cows  to  pasture  during  the 
day?  Are  they  as  handy  as  common  stanehions 
fastening  with  a  latch?  Answer— Who  of  our 
readers  can  answer  the  inquiry. 

Mary  Winkle,  Algona.  Iowa,  asks  how  to  keep 
oflT  the  yellow  beetles  from  squash  and  cucumber 
vines.  Answer— Use  one  part,  by  weight,  of  Per- 
sian insect  powder  and  twenty-flve  of  Plaster  01 
Paris,  and  dust  the  plants  with  It  every  few  days. 
We  find  it  pays  us  to  use  small,  open  boxes  cov- 
ered with  mosquito  netting,  over  the  plants  to 
keep  oft  bugs.  We  also  find  they  will  beneflt 
plants  ;  make  them  grow  more  rapidly,  and  pro- 
tect from  frosts.  . 

J.  D.  B.  B.,  Mlllersburg,  Pa.,  asks :  (1)  For  the 
address  of  some  good  commission  merchant  in 
Philadelphia.  (2)  Is  the  Warren  strawberry  a 
profitable  one  for  market  and  home  use?  (3) 
What  sorts  of  old  varieties  would  you  recom- 
mend for  a  near-by  market?  Answer— (1)  There 
is  but  little  difference  in  any  first-class  merchant. 
Sell  at  home  when  you  can.  (2)  Not  particularly 
so.  (3)  The  Wilson ;  Sharpless  will  do  well.  Some 
do  better  one  year  .and  another  the  next.  More 
depends  on  manure  than  variety. 

N.  S.  Margeson,  Marcus,  Iowa,  asks :  What  to 
do  for  a  running  sore  on  a  colt.  Answer— Wash 
well  with  Castile  soap,  and  for  a  simple  remedy 
dust  air-slaoked  lime  on  it.  Keep  flies  away  from 
It.  We  use  air-slacked  lime  freely  dusted  on 
sores  made  by  galling  and  chafing,  and  find  It 


excellent  to  dry  up  and  heal  them.  Always  wash 
the  sores  freely  with  water,  and  keep  them  cle^n. 
If  there  Is  proud  flesh  in  the  sore,  sprinkle  fine 
white  sugar  on  it,  which  will  cleanse  the  flesh. 
After  being  on  awhile,  wash  ofl"  clean. 

•i- 

Elwood  S.  Cooper,  Columbia,  Pa.,  asks  whether 
it  is  best  to  let  the  tomatoes  He  on  the  ground 
and  ripen,  as  is  usually  done,  or  tie  them  to 
stakes.  Answer— The  tomato  is  of  much  better 
quality  and  flavor  when  tied  to  stakes  and  kept 
from  the  ground,  but  it  is  too  much  work  to  tie 
them  up  where  many  are  grown.  We  flnd  that 
staking  them  with  brush,  the  same  as  peas,  is  a 
good  plan,  only  have  heavier  brush.  Master 
Cooper  Is  only  11  years  old,  writes  a  good  hand, 
and  we  predict  will  have  a  good  garden. 

H.  E.  Skinner,  Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  asks  how  to 
grow  and  care  for  Bantam  chicks.  Answer— Set 
the  hens  as  late  as  possible  in  August.  This  will 
be  a  good  season  if  they  are  ready.  Keep  the  sit- 
ting hens  and  chicks  free  from  lice.  The  hens 
will  come  off"  daily,  or  at  least  often  enough  to 
air  the  eggs.  Best  not  disturb  them  when  sitting. 
Keep  the  young  chicks  from  damp  weather. 
Bread  makes  a  good  food  for  young  chicks,  and 
also  coarse-ground  corn  meal.  Allow  them  plenty 
of  liberty  in  dry  weather.  Wheat  Is  a  good  food 
for  the  old  hens  as  well  as  the  chicks.  Keep 
plenty  of  fresh,  clean  water  by  them.  Earlier- 
hatched  chickens  grow  larger,  and  for  that  reason 
the  later  hatching  is  desirable.  The  smaller  and 
healthier  a  Bantam  the  more  v.aluable  It  is.  We 
have  had  hen  bantams  that  only  weighed  four- 
teen ounces,  j^ 

Prairieville,  Arkansas  Co.,  Ark, 
I  have  received  your  blanks  for  subscribers,  but 
cannot  get  one.  People  here  do  not  like  fa»m 
papers;  they  go  In  for  politics.  Bless  me!  I  do 
not  read  about  politics,  there  is  no  money  in  It. 
Give  me  something  that  tells  how  to  get  more 
fiom  the  orchard,  garden,  and  farm.  I  have  been 
doing  my  grafting  for  four  years  on  large  stocks, 
like  your  cut  (flgure  3)  In  April  number,  and  do 
not  lose  more  than  three  or  four  per  cent.  Tiiey 
seldom  fall  to  grow  if  well  done.  I  have  a  seed- 
ling pear  that  f  grafted  into  a  bearing  tree  lour 
years  ago;  it  has  born  two  years,  and  ripens  the 
first  week  In  June.  Fruit  large,  deep  straw 
color;  when  soft,  rather  dry  and  mealy,  but 
sweet.  Thev  are  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  than 
any  that  I  know  of.  Why  do  not  Southern  nur- 
serymen advertise,  or  are  there  none  in  the 
South  ?  I  like  the  Farm  and  Garden,  and  whl 
renew  when  my  time  is  oiit.        W.  D.  Wesnkk. 

Beginner,  Olyphant,  Pa.,  asks:  (1)  Can  yoti  re- 
oommend  the  Kieffer  pear,  and  what  would  be 
the  cost  per  tree  seven  feet  high,  also  cost  of 
Flemish  Beauty  7  (2)  My  soil  bakes  in  summer; 
would  you  advise  sawdust  to  fertilize  It?  (3) 
What  hardy  strawberry  could  you  recommend, 
of  large  size  and  productive?  (4)  Can  you  recom- 
mend better  pears  for  our  vicinity  than  the 
Kieffer  and  Flemish  Beauty?  Answer— (1)  The 
Kieffer  with  yon,  if  It  .should  prove  hardy,  will 
be  very  good  for  canning,  but  not  very  good  for 
eating.  The  Kieffer,  to  ripen,  needs  plenty  of 
sunshine  and  warmth;  the  pear  Is  then  fair  for 
the  table.  The  cost  of  the  trees  will  be  about  50 
cents  each.  The  nurserymen  who  advertise  In 
the  Farm  and  Garden  will  write  you  prices  of 
them  and  cost  of  delivery.  (2)  Would  not  advise 
sawdust.  It  sours  and  injures  the  land.  Burn 
the  sawdust  and  use  the  ashes,  which  are  good 
for  fruit  trees.  (3)  Wilson,  and  perhaps  Sharp- 
less.  Manure  and  cultivate  well.  (4)  We  would 
also  name  Bartlett,  Osband's  Summer,  and  Law- 
rence; perhaps  also  Beurre  d'AnJou.  You  will 
flnd  something  every  month  that  will  aid  you  in 
fruit  growing.  Glad  you  are  pleased  with  the 
Farm  and  Garden.       . 

Samuel  Vickers,  Darlington,  Wis.,  asks:  (1)  How 
long  does  it  take  oranges  to  ripen  from  the  blos- 
som? (2)  How  many  crops  are  on  the  tree  at 
once?  (3)  Which  is  the  best  time  to  plant  apple 
trees,  spring  or  fall?  Should  pasture  land  be 
broken  up  before  or  after  grass  starts  ?  (6)  How 
Is  the  best  way  to  raise  tobacco  plants  from  seed  ? 

(6)  How  should  young  turkeys  be  cared  for?  (7) 
Is  there  any  wav  to  kill  twitch  grass,  and  how? 
(S)  When  is  the  best  time  to  cut  hazel  brush  to 
kill  it?  Answer— (1)  In  Floiida  about  9  months. 
In  the  tropics  not  so  long.  (2)  In  Florida  and  all 
the  sub-tropical  sections  one  crop  only  is  pro- 
duced :  in  the  Torrid  Zone  the  crops  are  continu- 
ous. tS)  In  the  North  spring,  in  the  Middle  sec- 
tion spring  or  fall,  In  the  South  fall.  (4)  Depends 
upon  what  Is  to  be  planted.  Should  it  be  corn, 
vou  will  have  to  plow  early  before  the  grass 
starts.  If  the  soil  is  full  of  worms,  plow  In  the 
fall.  If  you  want  to  manure  the  land,  plow  after 
the  grass  has  grown  and  In  blossom.  (5)  Start 
the  seed  in  March  or  April  for  your  section.  In  a 
hot^bed,  and  transplant  in  the  field  when  the 
danger  of  frost  is  over.  (6)  Keep  the  young  tur- 
keys dry  and  free  from  lice.  Feed  well  on  curd 
cheese,  with  plenty  of  pepper  and  coar.«e-ground 
corn  meal.  When  larger,  allow  them  full  liherty. 

(7)  Yes;  cultivate  well.  Half  tillage  will  be  use- 
less. (8)  August,  when  the  weather  Is  the  driest 
and  hottest.  Never  mind  the  moon  when  you 
cut  the  brush.    It  has  nothing  to  do  with  It. 


THE  FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


I  see  Judge  Biggie  is  going  to  use  ice  water  for 
the  cabbage  worm.  If  that  does  not  eat  into  the 
profits  of  the  crop  very  materially,  I  shall  be 
mistaken.  Is  there  any  instance  where  "high 
farming"  has  paid?    If  so,  when  and  where? 


In  the  June  number  of  the  Farm  and  Garden 
Mrs.  Zuver  asks,  what  roses,  shrubs  and  climbing 
vines  are  most  desirable  for  a  door-yard.  Such 
questions  are  difRcult  to  answer  satisfactorily 
within  the  limits  of  a  newspaper  article.  The 
list  of  desirable  roses  ofl^ered  by  florists  is  vow 
very  long,  and  is  yearly  increasing.  Roses,  like 
all  cultivated  plants,  are  more  or  less  affected  by 
local  influences,  such  as  soil,  climate,  &c. 

As  I  lived  for  many  years  in  northern  Indiana, 
in  about  the  same  latitude  as  WoodhuU,  111.,  I 
think  that  the  following  list  will  give  satisfac- 
tion. With  the  exception  of  the  tea  roses  they 
are  all  hardy.  First  on  the  list  I  will  place  the 
old  and  well-known  favorite.  Gen.  Jacqueminot, 
a  strong,  vigorous  grower,  and  profuse  bloomer; 
flowers  very  large  and  fragrant,  color  rich 
orimson.  Baroness  Rothschild  Is  becoming  very 
popular,  color  adelicate  shade  of  pink.  Coquette 
des  Blanches  is  probably  the  best  white,  of  the 
hardy  perpetuals.  Magna  Charta  is  a  strong 
grower,  and  usually  does  well  in  all  soils;  flowers 
very  large  and  fragrant,  color  rich,  dark  pink. 
Princess  Camilla  de  Rohan  is  claimed  to  be  the 
nearest  approach  to  a  black  rose  that  has  been 
produced  up  to  the  present  time. 

The  Moss  roses  are  all  hardy,  and  are  especially 
desirable.  The  following  are  good :  Glory  of 
Mosses,  Jas.  Veltch  and  perpetual  White. 

I  would  not  be  content  without  some  of  the  tea 
roses.  They  are  not  perfectly  hardy,  and  would 
need  some  protection  during  the  winter,  either 
by  taking  up,  and  putting  in  a  light  dry  cellar, 
or  by  covering  with  earth  In  the  bed  where  they 
grow,    ..) 

But  tneir  exeeedingbeauty,  exquisite  fragrance, 
varied  and  vivid  coloring,  and  constant  daily 
bloom  from  spring  to  fall  will  much  more  than 
repay  the  extra  care  and  labor  necessary  to 
grow  them  out  of  doors.  I  should  want  at  least 
the  following:  Bon  Slline,  Cornelia  Cook, 
Hermosa,  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jardins,  Isabella 
Sprunt  andSafrano.  1  do  not  attempt  to  describe 
them,  because  a  full  description  may  be  found 
in  the  catalogue  of  almost  any  florist  who  ad- 
vertises in  the  Farm  and  Garden. 

The  above  list  is  by  no  means  full,  and  many 
would  make  changes,  and  perhaps  improve  it, 
but  these  are  good,  and  will  be  sure  to  give 
satisfaction. 

Among  shrubs,  every  one  wants  the  true  Sprin- 
ffes,  commonly  called  lilacs.  Some  new  varieties 
are  offered  by  florists,  one  that  has  double  flowers, 
and  others  that  bloom  quite  late  in  the  season, 
after  the  old  varieties  are  done. 

Then  there  are  the  numerous  varieties 
of  Phlladelphias,  commonly  called  Syringa,  or 
mock  orange,  which  are  all  good.  The  new 
double  variety  I  have  not^seen,  but  feel  sure  it 
must  be  very  desirable.    '  J 

One  of  the  earliest  flowering  and  also  one  of 
the  showiest  and  most  beautiful  is  Cydonia 
{Pyrus)  Japonica,  the  common  Japan  quince, 
which  is  always  an  attractive  sight  when  covered 
with  its  blaze  of  scarlet  blossoms.  The  white 
variety  Cydonia  Alba,  makes  a  good  contrast. 
There  is  another  shrub,  not  so  well-known  in  the 
West,  wliich  should  always  be  found  accompany- 
ing the  above.  I  mean  the  Forsytbla,  of  which 
there  are  several  varieties,  all  yellow  and  all 
blossoming  very  early  in  the  spring,  usually 
before  the  leaves  appear.  Calycanthus  Floridus, 
strawberry  tree,  or  sweet-scented  shrub,  has 
dark  purple,  and  very  fragrant  flowers. 

The  numerous  varieties  of  Spirea  are  all  desira- 
ble, they  range  in  color  from  pure  white  to  deep 
rose  color,  and  bloom  at  various  times  from  early 
spring  to  late  summer.  There  are  several  named 
varieties  of  Weigelia,  all  good;  but  the  common 
W.  Rdsea,  W.  Hortensis  Nivea,  pure  white,  and 
the  variegated-leaved,  are  enough  for  an  ordinary 
collection.  Deutzia  Gracilis  with  its  long  droop- 
ing racemes  of  pure  white  flowers  is  almost  a 
necessity.  Some  of  the  other  Deutzias  are  nearly, 
if  not  quite,  as  beautiful,  but  are  not  perfectly 
hardy.  The  Altheas  are  shrubby  members  of 
the  Malvaceffi  or  hollyhock  family.  The  flowers 
are  large  and  closely  resemble  hollyhocks,  and 
have  the  same  range  of  colors.  There  are  single 
and  double-flowering  varieties,  and  all  are  good. 

There  is  one  old  shrub,  that  is  not  seen  nearly 
as  often  as  its  beauty  and  fragrance  deserve.  I 
mean  Daphne  Cneorum;  though  a  true  shrub, 
it  trails  on  the  ground,  and  seldom  exceeds  six  to 
twelve  Inches  in  height.  It  should  have  a  place 
in  every  garden. '  ) 

Last  on  my  list,  but  not  least  it!  value,  I  name 
Hydrangea  Paniculata  Grandiflora.  The  old 
Hydrangea,  so  commonly  grown  as  a  house- 
plant,  is  well  known.    This  one  is  a  large  shrub 


and  is  perfectly  hardy.  The  flowers  resemble 
those  of  the  old  variety  in  shape,  but  are  white 
and  are  borne  in  large,  long,  cone-shaped  panicles 
late  In  the  summer. 

Among  desirable  climbers,  I  place  first,  the 
hardy  climbing  roses,  such  as  Prairie  Queen, 
Gem  of  the  Prairies,  Seven  Sisters,  Baltimore 
Belle,  Pride  of  Washington,  Boursalt  Eley;ans,  &c. 

Next  in  value  comes  the  Chinese  Wisteria, 
which  is  a  very  strong,  vigorous  grower,  and 
covers  itself  with  clusters  of  purple,  pea-shaped 
flowers  very  early  in  the  season,  before  the  leaves 
appear. 

There  are  several  Honeysuckles,  such  as 
Chinese,  Japan,  Red  Coral,  &c.  Ac,  which  are 
all  beautiful,  and  usually  very  fragrant.  All  of 
the  dirt'erent  varieties  of  Clematis  are  desirable, 
but  specially  so  are  C.  Jackmanii  C.  Coccinea. 
Bignonia  Radicans,  often  called  Trumpet  honey- 
suckle, is  a  rampant  grower,  and  the  flowers  are 
very  showy.  It  is  excellent  for  hiding  old  un- 
sightly buildings,  but  should  not  be  set  in  a 
lawn  as  it  has  a  very  undesirable  habit  of  sprout- 
ing from  the  roots  almost  as  badly  as  a  black- 
berry plant. 

Some  of  our  native  vines  are  equally  as  good  as 
many  foreign  varieties,  but  are  not  always  at- 
tainable. Specially  valuable  is  Celastrus  Scan- 
dans  (bitter-sweet,)  its  brilliant  orange-colored 
and  red  berries  are  very  conspicuous  in  fall  and 
winter.  Clematus  Virginica  is  found  growing 
wild  in  all  parts  of  the  North  and  West.  Its 
clusters  of  small  white  flowers  are  not  very 
showy,  but  each  flower  is  followed  by  a  bunch 
of  seeds,  each  of  which  has  a  long,  plumose  tail, 
making  the  head  of  seeds  look  like  a  bunch  of 
curled  feathers,  (^'^ 

This  article  is  already  too  long,  and  yet  it  is 
very  incomplete.  The  list  is  more  noticeable  for 
what  is  omitted   than   for  what  is  mentioned. 

Somethings  are  not  very  common,  but  I  believe 
everything  can  be  found  in  the  catalogue  of  some 
florist  who  advertises  in  the  Farm  and  Garden. 

Two  cures  for  ivy  poisoning  are  given  In  June 
number  of  Farm  and  Garden.  Allow  me  to 
give  a  third,  which  may  be  available  sometimes 
when  neither  of  the  others  can  be  had.  It  is 
simply  bi-carbonate  of  soda,  common  baking 
soda  often  sold  in  groceries  as  salaratus,  wet  with 
water  Just  to  a  paste,  and  applied  to  any  part 
poisoned.  Keep  it  wet  as  it  dries  out.  This  is 
also  one  of  the  very  best  remedies  for  a  burn. 

'h 
On  page  2  of  June  Farm  and  Garden,  third 
column,  eleventh  line  from  the  bottom,  Northern 
State  should  read  Southern  State. 

W.  C.  Steele. 


FOI^  IFHB    Y}Orn  TOeAITHBI^. 


A  dude  looking  at  a  camel.  "If  I  only  had 
such  a  neck  what  a  collar  I  could  wear." 

"What  is  an  epistle?"  asked  a  Sunday  school 
teacher  of  her  olass'  "The  wife  of  an  apostle," 
replied  the  young  hopeful.      /-, 

A  little  boy  on  tasting  his  first  lemonade  of 
the  season,  remarked,  "Mamma,  doesn't  this 
lemonade  taste  strong  of  water?  " 

A  Quincy,  Illinois,  debating  society  has  decided 
that  there  is  more  pleasure  in  seeing  a  man  thread 
a  needle  than  watching  a  woman's  attempt  to 
drive  a  nail. 

"Pa,"  asked  Walter,  "what  is  a^Buddhist?" 
"A  Buddhist,  my  son,"  replied  pa,  "  is  a — well— a 
sort  of  horticultural  chap — you've  heard  of  bud- 
ding fruits,  you  know." 

"No,"  said  a  New  York  belle,  who  had  Just 
returned  from  a  tour  of  Europe  and  Egypt.  "  No, 
I  didn't  go  to  the  Red  Sea.  Red,  you  know, 
doesn't  agree  with  my  complexion." 

Here  Is  a  boy  story :  A  lad  sat  on  the  fioor  play- 
ing. Suddenly  he  set  up  a  howl.  "  Henry,  what 
is  the  matter?"  asked  the  mother.  "The  cat 
scratched  me."  "  Why,  the  cat  is  not  here ;  when 
did  she  scratch  you?"  "Yesterday I  "Well, 
why  are  you  crying  now?"  "Cause  I  forgot  it 
then." 


Mr  Jenkinson's  wife  must  be  awful  Jealous !  " 
said  Miss  Smith;  "he  gave  me  his  seat  in  the 
horse  car,  and  when  I  thanked  him  he  begged 
me  not  to  mention  it." — Boston  Tranacript. 

"Johnny,"  said  the  editor  to  his  hopeful,  "are 
you  in  the  first  class  at  school  ?  "  "  No,"  replied 
the  youngster,  who  had  studied  the  paternal 
sheet,  "I  am  registered  as  second  class  male 
matter." 

Teacher:— "Suppose  you  had  two  sticks  of 
candy,  and  your  big  brother  gives  you  two  more, 
how  many  would  you  have  then?"  Little  boy 
(shaking  bis  head):— "You  don't  know  him;  he 
ain't  that  kind  of  a  boy," 

"  Pa,  who  was  Shylock?"  Paterfamilias  (with 
a  look  of  surprise  and  horror) — "  Great  goodness, 
boy !  you  attend  church  and  Sunday  school 
every  week,  and  don't  know  who  Shylock  was? 
Go  and  read  your  bible,  sir." 

"This  milk  is  rather  warm  for  such  a  cold 
morning,"  said  a  customer  the  other  day  to  a 
milk  boy,  "  Yes,  father  put  hot  water  in  it, 
instead  of  cold,  to  keep  it  from  freezing,"  was 
the  simple  and  truthful  reply. 

Xheywere  expecting  the  minister  to  dinner. 
"Is  every  thing  ready,  my  dear?"  asked  the 
head  of  the  house.  "  Yes,  he  can  come  now  as 
soon  as  he  likes."  "Have  you  dusted  the  family 
Bible?"    "Goodness  gracious!  I  forgot  that!" 

A  gentleman  was  giving  a  little  baby  boy  some 
peanuts  the  other  day.  The  good  mother  said, 
"Now,  what  are  yoo  going  to  say  to  the  gentle- 
man? "  W'ith childish  simplicily  the  little  fellow 
looked  up  into  the  gentleman's  face  and  replied, 
"More." 

A  Good  Jam.— Place  one  finger  In  the  crack  of 
a  door.  Shut  the  door  slowly  but  firmly,  and 
keep  It  closed  for  at  least  ten  seconds.  Then  open 
the  door  and  remove  the  finger,  and  add  plenty 
of  spicy  Interjections.  Never  use  your  own  fin- 
ger if  you  can  avoid  it. 

Man  is  a  harvester.  He  begins  life  at  the  cra- 
dle; learns  to  handle  the  fork  ;  often  has  rakish 
ways  and  sows  wild  oats,  thrashes  his  way 
through  the  world,  and  when  he  arrives  at  the 
sere  and  yellow  leaf,  time  mows  him  down,  and 
his  remains  are  planted  on  the  hillside. 

"  William,  my  son,"  said  an  economical  mother 
to  her  boy,  "  for  mercy's  sake,  don't  keep  on 
tramping  up  and  down  the  floor  in  that  manner. 
You'll  wear  out  your  new  boots."  (He  sits  down.) 
"There  you  go,  sitting  down!  Now  you'll  wear 
out  yoitr  new  trousers.  I  declare,  I  never  saw 
such  a  boy." 

Little  Jim:  "Ah,  ha!  I've  heard  something 
awful  bad  about  your  pop!"  Little  Jack:  "Who 
cares  fur  you?  What  did  ye  hear,  anyhow?" 
"I  hear.i  your  pop  got  sent  to  jail."  "Pooh! 
Guess  you  forgot  what  they  done  to  your  pop 
last  year."  "What?"  "Your  pop  got  sent  to 
the  Legislature," 

The  postmaster  at  LIckskillet,  Ark.,  writes  as 
follows:  "Don't  send  your  paper  any  more  to 
Oscar  Hallum,  fur  he's  dead.  He  wuz  aVaighty 
good  reader,  he  wuz,  and  would  sometimes  read 
one  of  your  Jokes  in  such  a  funny  way  that  folks 
would  laugh.  'Twant  what  was  in  the  artikle, 
but  it  wuz  the  way  he  read  it." 

At  the  breakfast  table.    Mother— Always  say 

"  please,"  Bobby,  when  you  ask  for  anything. 
Never  forget  to  say  "please"  even  to  the  servants. 
Father  (getting  ready  to  go  down  town)— yes, 
Robert,  my  son,  bear  in  mind  what  your  mother 
has  told  you,  and  always  say  "please."  It's  a 
little  word,  my  boy,  but  full  of  meaning;  and  the 
use  of  it  marks  the  gentleman.  Now,  wife,  my 
overcoat  and  hat,  and  be  quick  about  it. 

"Speakin'  of  productive  soil,"  said 'the  man 
from  Dakota,  "the  half  has  not  been  told.  A 
few  weeks  ago  my  wife  said,  *  W^hy,  John,  I  be- 
lieve you've  took  to  growin'  again.'  I  measured 
myself,  and  I  hope  Gabriel  '11  miss  me  at  final 
roundup,  if  I  hadn't  grown  six  inches  In  two 
weeks.  I  couldn't  account  for  it  for  some  time, 
till  at  last  I  tumbled  to  the  fact  that  thar  war 
holes  in  my  boots,  an'  the  infernal  soil  got  in  thar 
an'  done  its  work." 


>jh^^{riL:^^-. 


a^^VTc^n/L 


gHS^^^gggPOWELL'S  PREPARED  CHEMICALS 

and  they  WILl.  SENI)   YOU,  FREK,   an  attractive  book,  which  t^lls  vou  HOW  TO  MAKE 
FIRST-CLASS  FERTU,IZER.S  AT  HOME,  for  LESS  THAN  HALF  tbeir  usual  cost. 


i6 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


gUBLISHBI^S'  DBPAI^TMENT. 


Daniel  Hulshizer,  of  Doyleslown,  Pa.,  whose  adver- 
tisement of  Horse  Powers  and  Tlireshers  appears  m 
this  number,  lias  made  some  deculed  iinprovemeni'- 
in  liis  implemeDts  this  year.  You  should  send  for  lii» 
circular.  

We  called  on  Messrs,  Heebner  &.  .Sons,  Lansdale,  Pa., 
last  month.  'I'hey  have  rt-cenily  shipped  their  maciiiu^s 
to  India  and  Mexico,  as  well  as  selling  them  in  evei"\' 
State  in  the  Union.  If  you  tljink  nl  buyini^  u  hor^t? 
power  you  should  read  their  advertisement  on  liiiiiJ 
cover  page,  and  send  for  their  circulars. 


DAIRYMEN     PREFER 

RS.  Wells,  Richardsox  &  Co. 


IT. 


Since  the  introduction  oT  your  Improved  Butter  Color 
among  my  customers,  it  ha-s  given  univeisal  satisfac- 
tion. The  leading  dairymen  of  ihts  section  who  have 
used  it  t^ive  it  the  preference  over  all  other  colors,  nl 
whatever  name  or  nature.  The>'  are  especially  pleased 
with  the  fact  that  it  does  not  become  rancid,  like  oihei 
colors. and  their  pioduct  brings  highest  prices  in  market. 
Underuill,  Vt.,  April  6, 18S2     W.  S.  NAY,  Druggist. 


Messrs.  Anton  Roozen  4  Son,  Overveen  (near  Hfiar 
lem),  Holland,  have  sent  us  their  catalogue  of  Duicli 
and  Cap"  iJulbs  for  fall  planting.  It  is  a  handsome  umi 
interesting  book,  profusely  illuslraied,  and  gives  luii 
instructions  by  which  you  can  import  your  own  bull.- 
direct  from  the  growers  in  Europe.  Messrs,  De  Veer  tV 
Boomkanip,  19  Brcmdway,  New  ^*ork.  are  agents,  mni 
will  send  tins  catalogue  free  to  any  of  our  leaders  win. 
will  write  them. 


Mr.  C.  L.  Kneeland,  of  Uiiadilla,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y. 
mantifacturei  of  the  Cr\s.fetl  Cieanier.  sends  us  his  en 

cular,  which  describes  ihe  const  ruction  of  the  Creamet , 
directions  for  operating,  its  good  puints,  plan  of  skim- 
ming, etc.  It  also  gives,  from  among  a  large  number  nl 
testimonials  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  the  following: 

KOBTRIQHT,  August  Hth,  18S3. 

C.  L.  Kneeland:—!  hereby  certify  that  the  Crystal 
Creamer  I  bniiithi  of  \uii  gives  entire  sausiHcilou."  W> 
have  never  nuide  beHer  hnlter.  W'h  nse  water  upon  the 
creamer  only;  we  have  nut  found  it  necessary  to  use 
ice.  Any  one  should  know  the  superiority  of  glass  over 
tin.  For  ease  in  skimming,  neatness,  and  durahiliiv,  it 
Is  ahead  of  any  ether  I  have  seen.  The  gla.ss  cans  will 
not  rust,  and  I  think  will  not  break  except  t)y  careless- 
ness. ^    .  David  Mitchkll. 

When  In  New  York  last  month.  Mr.  F.  E  McAllister, 
of  22  Dey  Street,  showed  us  some  punsies  «.ver  -'t^  inches 
in  dlameier.  They  were  of  the  TrimRideaii  vanetv. 
the  characteristic  of  which  is  a  deci<ied  blotch  on  each 
leaf.  They  were  very  beautiful,  and  we  re<  ommend  our 
friends  to  try  them. 

A.G  spulding&Bros..  AndrewsBuildlng.  Chtcafco,  and 
239-2-11  Iti'iadway.  N.  Y.,  offer  the  readers  of  the  Fahm 
andGahokn  (who  will  mention  this  jiaper  In  wriiirik;) 
a  free  camlogne  <>oniaining  deucriptiuns  and  prices  <>r 
the  following  goods:— 

Bicycles  lor  hoys  2  to  5  years  old.  t.'>00;  5  to 7  vearsold 
16.00;  7  to  9  vears  old,|T.OO;  9  lo  14  years  old,  |fe.50.  Tri 
cycles— the  '■  Petite"  for  children  4  in  7  years  old.  |9,0(). 
7  to  9  years  old.  ?12.  Bu-ycles  from  ^iTt  to  f  140.  Sundries 
of  every  description.  Lawn  Teiuns  — Rackets,  teiniis 
balls,  nets,  tennis  sels.  tennis  slmes.  Spalding's  LlbrMr\ 
of  Athletic  spurts— The  following  Is  a  list  of  some  <JI 
the  hand-books  on  athletic  sports,  which  will  be  maih-d 

gust-paid  upon  receipt  of  price  ;  No.  I,  Spalding's  Offioal 
;.  B.  Guide,  10  cents.  No.  3,  Spalding's  Hand  Book  «d 
Pitching,  10  cents  No.  4  Spalding's  Hand-Book  of  Bu 
ting,  10  cents.  No.  .5.  Spalding's  Hand  Book  of  Fielding 
and  Base  Running,  10  cenLs.  Nu.  s.  Spalding's  Hand 
Book  of  Lawn  Tennis.  10  cents  Nf>.  II,  SplaldiriLi's 
Hand-Book  of  Manly  Sports.  "iS  cents.  In  additiun  to  the 
articles  mentioned  above,  we  carrv  a  complete  hs-soiI- 
ment  of  Sporting  fitiods.  and  shall  be  pleaded  lusend 
catalogue  or  quote  prices  to  anyone  desiring  anvthinL- 
In  this  line.  iVote— Any  one  ordering  goods  (ro"m  the 
above  list,  ami  not  •**eing  perfectly  satisfied  with  the 
article  received,  cuif-^^iurn  same  to  ns  before  nsini;,  and 
either  e.xchaiiiie  for  o  iier  goods,  or  we  will  refund  the 
price  paid,  alter  deducting  the  amount  of  the  express 
charges.  

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  our  Never 
slip  Shoe,  and  its  adjustable,  steel-centered,  and  sell 
sharpening  calks,  with  wrench  for  applying  them.  i« 
now  ready  fur  distribuiiuil.  and  we  shall"  he  happv  t<. 
mail  it  to  all  v\  ho  are  iiuerest**d  The  Neverslip  Horse- 
shoe Co..  36  India  Wharf,  Bo-    »n,  Mass. 

Wm.  F.  Peters  &  Co.,  agents  for  the  Perfect  Hatcher 
Co.'s  Incubaiur  and  dealers  in  poultrv  supplies,  have  re 
moved  frum  709  Sunsum  Street,  Philadelphia, to  a  large 
store  at  No. -Jl  Nurih  Ninth  Street.  They  are  a  reliahie 
firm.  If  you  cannui  cull  and  see  them,  you  should  send 
for  their  circulars,  and  mention  where  you  saw  this 
notice.  

Mr.  John  Thorpe,  of  Hallock  <fe  Thorpe.  Queens.  N  Y  . 
president  of  the  Socieiy  of  American  Florists  sends  us 
word  that  the  date  <'l  the  Annual  Exhihiliun  of  the 
Society,  to  be  held  in  (.'inciniiati.  is  August  IJtli,  l.'ith 
andl4th.lS8.S,aiidiioltlieiytii,2i)th,and21st.asannonnred 
In  our  June  number.  In  all  other  particulars  our  pro 
gram  of  last  month  Is  correct. 


183S  ,ss4.    THE  LARGEST 

AND  MOST   BEACTIFCL 

EA-RI-Y  I>EA.Ft. 

■  llipening  In  Central  New  York  early  In 
1  July,  and  tells  at  hlgheit  pricet.  Send  tor 
I  history et  Orisi'ial  Tree.  100  yrs.  nlil. 
'«*- Headquarters  lor  KIEFFKK 
Pears,  I*  A  R  It  V  Strawbei'ries. 
^  1        WILSON    JUMOR    Blacltht-rries. 

MAikL.lk(#KO    Raspberries,     and    iJRAI'KS. 
WILLIAM     PARRY,    Parry    P.O..    New    J«^r*ej 


17 


Including  a  full  sctof  extra  J 
^Attachments,  ueedles, 
oil  and  usual  outfit  of  lapieces  with 
each.  (Ia*rmat««4  P*rfWt.  Wtrranted  « 
jcan.  Uui4«eBe  and  Barftbl*.  Uon't 
IMj  S44  or  9&0  for  mmIiUm  m»  b«llrr. 
We  will  send  them  anywhere  on  16  d«j*' 
lrl«i  befotc  payini^.  Circulars  and  iuil 
pirtlculari  fr«  Iv  adHfessing 

E.  C.  HOWE  A  CO., 

US  >orth  (ttU  HL,       PUIL^  tU 

lAfok  livx  1087. 


BALL'S 


CORSETS 


TheOVLY  COUSET  made  th.it  can  be  return. -d  \.y 
Its  pur<-hii-er  after  tlire**  wpi-k?  w-'ni',  if  n^t  found 

PERFECTLY  SATISFACTORY    „ 
In  every  respect,  and  its  prire  retunOeu  l>y  seller. 
Madeinavariety  of  stylesand  prices.  SoM'by  fln>t- 
clas9  deal*>rs  evervwhere.  Beware  <'f  worthle'ss  imi- 
tation";.    None  epnuinp  \vithout  Ball's  name  on  box. 

CHICAGO  CORSET  CO.,  Chicago.  III. 
FOY,  HARMON  &.  CO.,  New  Haven,  Conn- 


LANDRETHS' 1+ 


DS 


^Tl=^ 


so  HI4d»t» •awe ftchromo (?mrds.  ^ampTr  bTc 
20  Emti-picturesi:  this  puld ring, Warr  Kd* 
yrs  Kll2&e.  11  pks.rard^  Saniplob  k.aut>>,a]< 
buiti  A:  riuj[91-O.A.Braioard,Ili£gauuuj,Ct 


FINE  GROUND  LAND  PLASTER, 

KAIINIIT-pgVkTJSALT 

K4»K  FERTM.Ii^lX;   PI  lilMISES. 

Our  cofvieM'-'l  |ifinii.hi..-i  ■■',  "Kitlnlt,  how   to  uae  It,  elo.,** 
n,Hile4  free '"  »">  ^oMn."  'u,  iipi.i|.;atu.i,  tu  u^.     SALT  — *^*- 
rictics  for  Kuttf'r  iind  TmI»I«.-  u>te  cou-untiv  oq  hand,  for  sale  in 
■•>u  t'>  I      ALEX.  KEItlE,  KUO,  A  CO..  tesiabiUh^d  1h4<I) 
•  <jU    I  Pier  8.  Norib  H'harve*.  Phllad'a,  I>a. 


■i-?ARE  THE  BEST. 

NORTH,  SOUTH,  EAST,  or  WEST. 

Evervihins  ol  the  best.  Seeds  and  Iiiiplemenm  for 
raiin,  GRrdeii.  or  Country  Seat.  Send  lor  Lan- 
Oreths'  Rural  Kt-qister  Almanac  and  Descriptive  Cata- 
logue, tree.  Ovei  IoIki  acre^  iiiirler  cnliiviiticn  growinE 
I.andreths'  Oai.l.n    se,  ,k      FoiiiKlcd    irS4. 

D.  LANDRETH  &  SONS, 

27  and  23  South  Sixth  St,  and 

Delaware  Avenue  and  Arch  St, 


THESIIBSCKIRER  INVITFS 
fltUMitionto  liisGENTCNNIAL  SUK 

HAT.  Tlit*y  are  a  ynod  iiroifciion 
at;iiiiist  Sun  Strokf,  Anv  iierson 
sendiii:;  $1.00.  by  mail,  will  have 
one  itf  these  hats  boxed  and  sent  to 
theui  by  express:  or  sending  Jitvj. 00. 
iliHv  will  have  3  bats;  or  sfiidine 
$6.00.  ibey  will  have  1  dozen 
sem  them.  They  are  well  made  or 
palm  if-iif.  very  licclit  and  ivear 
KOOil.  Theirslmpe  being  spherical, 
preveiiLs  Ihem  truin  vibrntinc 
.  breRkine,  wenrinK  out,  or  set- 
(Ins  out  of  shape*  They  are  not  liable  to  be  hoisted 
iiy  the  wind  The  pressure  is  downwnnl.  The 
Pateniee  would  like  to  gel  these  hats  nianulactnred  in 
diffeieiil  parts  oi  iiie  country  out  ot  difTercni  materials, 
irftm  very  tine  fancy  hats  to  Ihe  lowest-priced  cheapest 
bats  that  can  be  made,  and  sold  on  royalty,  tlity 
will  be  put  on   verj    low  terinn.     Address. 

JOHN  CASE.  Frencliiitwn,  New  Jersey. 


For  $2.00  You  Can  Get 
Beautiful  OIL  PORTRAIT  of  Yourself! 

A  Wonderful  Trivimph 
of  Art  and  Genius. 


THE  OILOGRAPH 

OVER  20,000  SOLD  ^''n  ^o',;^ 

A  Neiv  and  Beantlful  Vrocess  of  Portrait  Painting ! 

A    LAJtGE   LIFE  LIKE   OIL   rAISTINQ 
OF    YOURSELF  FOR    ONLY 


AGENTS 
YEAR! 


$2.00 


A  Field  oflabor  for  Clergymen,  Ladies,  School  TeacherSy  Afitfuts,  and  in /act 
auyoue  of  Ability  aud  Energy. 

rfiTf  V  ATT  A/iTJ  A'PTT  is  a  new  discovery  of  preat  importance  to  the  world  of  art,  and  by  its  Boper^ 
X  XXJli  VIXJJWU  A^XX  .XX  lor  and  mnr\elou9cbeupDeB8  isdemlued  tu  aupttrsede  all  uther  inutlioua  ol 
oil  paiDCiDg-  No  pea  can  do  luaiice  to  this  beautiful  process  nf  reproducing  the  buman  face  and  form  in  ladeiess  per- 
fection Ketber  car  we  minutely  de>critie  the  process  hv  wtncb  tbeae  beautiful  portraits  are  made,  but  will  endeavor 
to  fdveyou  a  faint  idea  of  the  wonderful  4IIL0€;R.%PHS.  An  ordinary  pboiograpb  or  tlntjpeia  enlarged  by  « 
povrfirful  camera,  upoc  a  silvered  plats.  The  silvered  \'\-a\s  ib  rhen  taken  to  the  studio,  where  an  artist  paints  tbe  back- 
Tronndln  anfi,  dollcne  colore.  It  now  passes  to  the  6.-i-ond  arilsi  who  paints  the  ekln  in  peilectand  life-like  colors 
The  next  artist  pain tB  the  bair,  the  next  the  eyes— and  it  1b  done  wllb  ench  vividness  and  truthfulness  that  they  seeni 
liVe  the  eyes  of  a  living  person.  Then  U  goee  to  the  chief  artist,  who  Rives  It  the  fintahing  toumes,  and  lastly,  it  goe» 
to  the  chemical  department,  where  the  colora  are  toned  and  softened,  mulilnc  thera  permanent  amJ  lastiiijj, 

fPA  A  r^  "PIWPQ  Toabave*  eplendld  lieid  before  vou.  Tbe  rich  as  well  as  tbe  poor  buy  these  plctorei 
X  vl  ii.l7i!ilV  X  O-  They  are  wltbln  the  reach  of  the  poor  as  well  as  the  rich.  Every  mother  will  want  pic- 
tnre^of  her  Utt-e  ""'nfB  fvcrv  husband  of  his  wife:  every  wife  of  hi;r  husband  ,  every  lover  of  hia  sweetheart;  and  last 
but  not  least,  e^rei  y  itinuii'  will  have  some  beautlfnl  portrait  of  tbtir  ilearlust  ones.  This  in*ete  the  want  lone  felt  and 
we  have  Apente  who  tend  usln  aa  high  hs  100  pictures  at  a  time.  All  yoa  need  to  canvass  with  Is  a  small  original  jbo- 
tocraph  and  thesplendld  Oilograph  enlarged  from  It,  bandsouiely  framed.  The  momentpeoplesee  the  Uttlepicture 
fcnd  the  beauHlullargeOllograpb,  they  recognize  the  merit  of  It  at  once,  and  your  sale  Is  made.  ' 

■'"*■*  -.«—.-.     When  two  or  three  «rd  orlfrtnallytaken 
f^^o.i,^..  wemake  them  wiinuut  extra 

Iitete.  whlrh  i6  the  (         , 

Kte.  s  lew  dat«  to  make  s  nice  OlloBrapb.eBpeclallj  uj  „^'','''>  Senf""5  P"  WBetbe^ 

damp  weatber,  ind  It  take,  time  to  dr,  the  oil  colora.      ■"      I""  ""-"t  proml.e  (or  certain  until  »( 


TITWTPTTftVS^™  ^"^  '"^''''"'''"^'""^'P''  GROUPS.  S?eth'7. 
Dla,b\jl  XU«  O  (the  best  you   „a>  e),  hi  a  le"e^Lha7re      Wetan  ai.o  fe  .ar«t. 

-  ■-    -- fullv  rrepald;  or.lf  v<.u  wish   to  commebc-  ""/        ,v.    ,  ,u  k  t^,  ^  fh 

lnsratm.ce  wewlllFendyoa  .ample  .11  com-  ?l=il"= '±f;;^''«"Pjl'f''';  Hi  _  _  ,     --      _  _ 

B  the  „e,t  pl.o  (framed  and  rea^yjo  haoj  >.p,,|SEPERATE    ORIGINALS  "e'.lmi  I  . 


•  Oil 


•  Erapb,  but  tbla 


oamp  weatoer,  auu  .>  t..-.  >,m„  .o  ^„  .u,  ...■  -.-..■  .        rnPT?  fl  TTnUia     We  c.o  ceiierallT  make 

rnr np  rtT WATT?  avn  ttvpq  ■'*■■" ■'^^■'*-'*--'-''-"^'*' '^''■''p"' «"'«'«'""' 

i/UXjUiXi   yJH    UaiXV  Aill'      J:ilJCjS,jlnE;ahaI.(tliislsnotadvlsableunlea.;uu|;lre|.aii.cular> 


when  not  clearly  Indicated  ID  tbe  amall  plctttre,  flbould  be  aa  to  the  etyle  of  hair.)  alBO   cbanKing  color  of  dre... 
written  ID  your  iii£truclloue.  TnTPTTA^TTl    "PT'O'PTI?     ^^    make   a 

BAD  ORIGINALS  ?,SraSrd't=,h^:T'J^^^»j^.'"^°p^^^^^ 

ble,  can  cenerally  t>«  satisfactorily  removed,  but  rememberjl 
];  iB  always  beat  to  £<eod  Just  as  good  an  original  as  youcitn. 


re  dead,  and  when  theorl;;mal  was  taken  a'fter 
death,  we  can  make  the  eyes  open  la  the  Ollograph,  and 
many  other  changes  that  are  required 


Weemploy  first-claBS  artists,  and  pny  Ihem  welltodo  pood  worlc  only.     Remember 
•Mw    ••       —  —»—»  —  —  .     pood  work  cannot  be  done  fur  less.     Imitators  may  couDierfeltourclrculars,  anil  tiffer 
lower  prices,  but  their  natronsiooner  or  later  pay  dear  for  their  whistle.    Weetrlve  to  please  nnd  know  bow  tudu  1l 

—    TAKE  NOTICE. 


these  pictures,  hot  most  of  them  charge  tbe  regular  price,  $3,..^^ ^ 

,THE  PRICE  OP  0iL0ORAPfisr,irf;rrm%twHb\^Vn?.ti"d'^,','e'rr?;.rrH 

meavT  and  fine)  by  express  S2,00— after  first  sample,  price  to a^'ents  will  be  ^  )  ,25  encb.  Size  12x14  samel 
letyle  frame.  $3.00  — After  l^rst  sample,  price  to  neents  will  be  $2, OO  each.  Size  10 x  12 is  tbe  most  popular  I 
[No  dlHCoiinC  from  ai>ove  prices.  Our  tvork  laull  done  In  Oil.  and  do  one  caa  do  frood  ■ 
'VTOrk  cheaper.  If  youc^nnyl  take  the  agency,  we  would  like  to  have  you  order  a  sample  picture  because  I 
If  onexblbltioalt  may  secure  uaao  agent  lu  your  to  wo.    Send  money  by  Post  Omce  Order  or  Begistered  le  terl 


World  Mannfg  Co.,  122  Nassau  Street,  New  York. 


This  paper  is  iiitentltMl  for  a  wi*te  niriMilatioii.     It  deserves  it  .ind  the  country  necfU  it.    If  you  will  send  us  a  thib  of  FOUR  subscriberB 
a.[  '^5  oeuts  eacli,  we  will  give  it  to  you  for  a  year  free.    Tbis  ^vill  apply  to  old  as  well  as  new  subscribers. 


*  Tlie  Farm  and  Garden. 


Vol.  !V 


AUGUST,    1885. 


No,  XII. 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO    CORRESPONDENTS. 


8ubHcrIpt)oii8  may  begin  with  uiiv  number,  but  we  prefer  to  date 
them  Iruin  January  ul  uacU  year.     Priiic  filty  cents  n  year,  iu  advuiice. 

Kenewals  can  be  sent  now.  no  nuiLter  wheu  the  su1>scri|nitja 
expire.H,  and  ibe  tinle  will  be  added  to  that  to  which  the  subscriber 
ia  alri.-:idy  entitled. 

Remlttuiices  tn.ay  be  made  at  our"  risic  by  Tost  (Jflice  Order, 
Postal  Note.  Ue^istored  Letttr.  Stamps  and  Canadian  Money  are 
taken,  but  it  sent  in  ordinary  lelturs  are  at  your  risk.  We  do  not 
advise  you  to  send  money  or  atamps  without  regiiSteriug.  See  instruc- 
tions on  page  12. 

Ueeelpti. — W«  send  a  receipt  for  all  money  sent  us.  ir  you  do 
Dot  hear  Iroiu  u^  in  a  reasonable  time,  write  again. 

AdilreRsea.— No  matter  how  oftt-n  you  have  written  to  us.  please 
alwaya  give  your  full  name,  post  oHicc  and  State.  We  have  noway 
to  find  your  name  except  from  the  address. 

Names  cannnt  be  guessed,  so  write  them  plainly  and  in  full.  If  a 
lady,  alwavs  write  it  the  same— not  Mrs.  Saniautha  Allen  one  time 
and  Mrs.  Josiab  Allen  next.  If  you  ilo  not  write  Miss  or  Mrs.  before 
your  signature,  do  not  be  offended  if  we  make  a  mistake  00  this  point. 

Errors. — We  make  them  ;  so  doi^s  every  one.  and  we  will  cheerfully 
correct  them  if  you  write  us.  Try  to  write  us  good  iiaiuredly,  but  if 
you  cannot,  then  write  to  us  any  way.  i)o  not  complain  to  any 
one  else  ur  let  it  pass.  We  want  an  early  opportunity  to  make  right 
any  injui^tice  we  may  do. 

ADVEKTISI>'(i  KATES.-From  Uhuv  ot  Junuary, 
1HS5,  to  l>et>oinber,  1H85«  fiieliiMive,  60  ceiitH  per  AiEittc 
line  each  InMortlon. 

CIIII.I>  ItUOS.    &  CO.,   PublUherH, 
No.  725  Filbert  Street,  I'hUadelphIa,  Penna. 


THE   LAST  OF  VOLUME    IV. 

The  Au£?iist  numbfr  of  The  Farm  and  Garden 
completes  the  fourth  vohime.  As  many  of  our 
,  subscriptions  expire  with  thi.s  number,  we  take 
this  opportunity  of  asliing  every  friend  of  the 
paper  to  renew  his  own  name,  and  get  the  sub- 
scriptions of  his  neighbors.  The  question  is  this: 
Do  you  consider  the  Farm  and  Garden  worthy 
of  a  wide  circulation?  If  you  do,  let  your  answer 
be  a  club. 

The  motto,  "Honest  pay  for  hojiest  work," 
should  be  the  guide  for  fixing  the  salaries  of  our 
postmasters.  The  plan  now  iu  vogue,— extrava- 
gant pay  for  inferior  work,— is  the  cause  of  the 
disgusting  spectacle  now  to  be  witnessed  in 
thousands  of  smaller  towns.  We  believe  it  to  be 
Ds  disgraceful  for  democrats  to  persistently  fight 
for  the  post-office  as  it  is  for  the  Republican  in- 
cumbent, who  has  done  all  in  his  power  to  pre- 
vent the  success  of  the  present  Administration, 
to  piteously  beg  of  the  victors  to  spare  him,  and 
to  promise  his  unconditional  support  if  spared. 

The  adaptation  of  the  motto,  "honest  pay  for 
honest  work,"  will  tend  to  decrease  the  number 
and  persistency  of  office-seekers. 

We  would  suggest  one  more  reform  in  postal 
matters.  Wherever  practicable,  the  post-office 
ought  to  be  separated  from  other  business  pur- 
suits. Store-keepers  are  apt  to  favor  their  indi- 
vidual customers,  and  let  Uncle  Sam's  customers 
■wait.  Applicants  who  intend  and  promise  to 
attend  to  the  post-office  business  personally,  and 
without  the  assistance  of  deputies,  should  have 
the  preference.  In  many  smaller  towns  there 
are  too  many  persons  handling  the  mail. 


Prof.  Riley,  Entomologist  of  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  we  see  recommends  the 
trial  of  ice  water  for  the  green  caj^bage  worm. 
We  were  advised  a  few  years  ago  to  use  hot  water. 
This  vibrating  between  liot  and  cold  is  the  more 
amusing  to  us,  as  it  does  not  hurt  the  worms 
any.  The  green  cabbage  worms,  as  every  practi- 
cal cabbage-grower  knows,  will  stand  the 
frost  and  cold— they  will  even  live  through 
winter  in  the  larval  state,  ready  for  another 
season's  duty.  The  ice  or  ice  water  has  no 
terrors  for  them.  The  worms  are  found  so 
concealed  by  the  leaves  that  neither  hot  nor  cold 
water  can  reach  them.  And  while  water  hot 
enough  will  kill  them,  it  will  also  do  the  same  to 
the  cabbage.  We  advise  Prof.  Riley  to  go  slow 
on  ice  water.  It  may  do  very  well  for  a  summer 
drink  to  those  who  have  it,  but  it  will  be  useless 
for  the  farmer  to  carry 
around  the  cabbage  patch. 
For  the  tired  farmer  it 
will  be  poor  amusement. 


should  beontheajprt  for  a  chance  to  plow  iu  a 
green  crop.  Although  we  are  prone  to  regard 
Augustas  a  month  of  liar  vest  to  a  certain  extent, 
old  observances  should  be  discarded,  and  the 
restoration  of  fertility  aimed  at  while  it  is 
growing  time.  As  the  rains  are  more  favorable 
this  month  than  last,  a  good,  thick  sowing  of 
buckwheat,  corn,  or  millet,  to  be  turned  under 
at  any  time  most  convenient,  will  be  quite  an 
advantage  in  preparing  ground  for  the  spring 
crops,  and  especially  if  a  good  liming  follows 
immediately  after  the  green  stuff  is  turned  under. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  harrow  or  roll,  for  the 
rough  plowing  leaves  the  ground  in  good  shape 
for  the  frost.  Millet  and  buckwheat  grow  quickly, 
and  are  excellent  agents  for  this  purpose.  If 
desired,  rye  can  be  sown,  witliout  injury,  foi** 
spring  pasturage,  and  will  be  eaten  ofl'  iu  time 
for  corn. 

We  need  a  few  copies  of  the  Farm  and  Garden 
for  1881  and  1882.  If  any  of  our  readers  who  have 
them,  will  send  them  to  us  we  will  credit  them 
with  additional  time  on  their  subscription. 


FARMER'S   HOME  GARDEN. 

I  out-witted  the  hens  at  last,  and  I  will  tell  you 
how  it  was  done,  even  if  the  information  may 
not  be  of  use  to  you  for  this  season.  Put  it  away 
in  your  memory  for  the  future ;  you  can  do  it  as 
easily  as  I  could. 

We  had  some  late  plantings  of  cucumbers, 
mo.stly  of  the  quick-growing  "Green  Cluster" 
variety.  Idle  curiosity  induced  a  lot  of -pesky 
hens  to  investigate  our  worlv ;  chance  for  mischief 
and  cucumber  seeds  afterwards  proved  attrac- 
tions which  they  found  irresistible.  Every  hill 
was  dug  Over  and  robbed  of  the  seeds.  We  re- 
planted, but  met  with  no  better  success.  At  last 
I  planted  the  hills  for  the  third  time  and  at  once 
soaked  each  of  them  thoroughly  with  about  one 
half-bucketful  of  hot  soapsuds.  The  hens  came 
again  and  scratched  nearly  the  whole  patch  over, 
to  which  proceedings  I  could  offer  no  objections, 
as  they  left  the  newly  planted  and  soaked  hills, 
which  were  too  wet  for  them. 

The  cucumbers  had  nearly  all  come  up  the 
fourth  day  after  planting,  and  are  doing  nicely. 
If  hot  soap  suds  are  not  handy,  cold  water  may 
answer  every  purpose,  though  the  heat  of  the 
suds;  probably  hastened  germination,  and  the 
suds  themselves,  acting  as  a  fertilizer,  gives  lux- 
uriance to  the  vines.       m^ 

We  have  "given  the  James  Vick  strawberry 
another  trial,  this  time  under-high  cultivation 
and  under  the  single-plant  system.  Yet,  the 
yield  was  anything  but  satisfactory.  The  plants 
were  very  large  and  thrifty,  the  fruit  stalks  nu- 
merous and  well  loaded,  but  the  berries  hardly 
medium  in  size,  with  only.few  large,  and  many 
small  and  imperfect  ones.  The  berry  is  firm  and 
solid,  good  for  canning,  which  is  about  all  that  I 
can  say  in  its  favor.  Under  the  matted-row  sys- 
tem, the  James  Vick  has  proved  of  no  account 
everywhere  I  met  with  it. 

Even  experienced  potato-growers  would  hardly 
recognize  the  Early  Ohio  potato  in  our  patch. 
The  plants  of  this  very  dwarf  sort,  which  were 
grown  from  whole  potatoes,  are  so  unusually 
large  and  dark-colored  that  they  might  be  mis- 
taken for  a  late,  tall-growing  variety.  The  bugs, 
numerous  as  they  are,  aflect  these  plants  very 
little.    The  patch  promises  a  very  large  yield 

The  difl^erence  iu  color  of  plants  grown  from 
whole  tubers  and  from  less  seed,  even  from  as 
much  as  ^one-half  of  whole    tubers,    was    verv 


OUR  SPECIAL  WHEAT   NUMBER  OF  THE 
FARM    AND    GARDEN. 

The  September  Nun\ber  of  the  Farm  and 
Garden  will  be  the  third  of  our  series  of  Special 
Numbers,  and  the  foUoling  brief  announcement 
will  partially  outline  its  contents. 

WHEAT:  Its  Early  Hii^tory  and  Priinative  Ciil- 
tiv;itiuii. 

It8  Numes  and  Characteristics  in  all  Countries 

and  Climates. 
Varieties;  Uennled  and  Uald,  Ueil  and  Whitei 

Spring  .md  \\  inter. 

The  growth  of  the  industry  in  the  United  States 

and  in  Foreign  Countries. 

Soil  aud  Climates  suited  fur  Wheats 

Diseases  of  Wheat, 

Saving  aud  Prciiaration  of  Scecl. 

Planting. 

Breeding  and  llibridizing. 

The    EITects   of  Inbreeding.   <  liniatv    and   Soill 

upon  Varieties. 

The  Advantages  of  ISrondcasting  and  Drilline. 

Manures  and    Fertilizers— An   E.vhaustivo  aud 

Interesting  Account  of  the  Eflects. 

Composts  for  Wheat. 

EflTecta  of  Diflcreut  ]>l:tni)rcs  on  dlraNs  folloivinff 
the  Crop. 

A  Review  of  the  whole  Fertilizer  Question. 

Spring  and    Fall  Seeding. 

Facts   and    Theories    about    Cultivation    after 

Planting. 

Harvesting—Methods  and  Improvements  of  the 

Present  Day,    The  Calilbrnia  Ileadera, 

The   Western    Threshing    Rigs. 

Cleaning,    Grading  Whrat.    Marltcts  for  it. 

Storing.    Handling   in    Klevators, 

The  Railroad  Question.  Its  EITects  upon  Prices 

and    Profits  to  Crro^vers 
The  Experiments   we  Desire  our   Readers  to 

make, 
"Probable    Wheat   T^nnds  of  the   Future— South 
America,      i>Iaiiitobn,      TrMlia.      Russia,      and 
31exico  considered  as  Pe    dblc  Competitors  of 
the  United  States. 


marked,  particularly  in  the  early  stages  of 
growth.  The  plants  from  smaller  seeding  ap- 
peared decidedly  yellow,  compared  with  the  rich 
dark-green  of  the  whole  potato-plantings. 

In  many  localities,  celery  for  winter  use  may 
still  be  planted.  It  needs  a  great  deal  of  moisture^ 
The  farmer  having  but  a  few  plants,  can  well 
aflTordtogive  his  celery  row  an  occasional  thor- 
ough soaking.  Keep  free  from  weeds.  A  top- 
dressing  of  salt  is  beneficial,  and  this  vegetable 
can  stand  right  smart  of  it,  without  suffering 
injury.  ^ 

Persons  who  are  foi^d  of  salads— we  are— should 
try  corn-salad  or  *'  fetticus."  Sow  a  bed  of  it  this 
month  or  next.  Cover  at  the  approach  of  winter 
with  coarse  litter.  The  corn-salad  will  come 
handy  in  winter  or  early  spring. 


Every   farmer    who    be- 
lieves in  high  tillage  and 


FOR  A  CLUB  OF  FOUR  SUBSCRIBERS  AT  25  CENTS  EACH 

WE  WILL  GIVE  FOUR  COPIES  OF 
"^Io-^p%r  to  I*roii»sa,t©  A.X3.C].   C3-r-o-d7-  HB'r-ti.it," 

Ay^D  AN  EXTRA  COPY  TO  THE  LENDER  OF  THE  CLUB. 

Ti'.'?„?°?'5,.™",',?'°,^.?',  soiy.condensed  pages,  lull  book  size:  ovej-  50  Illustrations,  and  two  beautiful 


keeping   land    full  to  the    l\'V°n'''*>''''''','^°'"'''''' P'?''^*'''5"'''^''''^m'P? '?''^*J-"r"''-™"'.' ''PP™''''^  ™«'hod3  found  iu  noother  pnblira^ 
Ktamiarrt    nf     fprtHitv      It  tells  how  to  propagate  and  .((row  all  kinds  ot  fruit  with  illustratious  showing  Low  to  bud  and  graft.    It 
stanaara    ot     lertiuty,    also  gives  directions  for  laying  out  gardens,  fruit  farms,  etc.,  etc. 


Our  e.xperimental  potato  plot  shows  off  well  at 
this  writing.  We  expect  to  gain  very  valuable 
information  from  thi.s  year's  experiments,  and 
to  be  able  to  decide  this  fall  which  is  the  best 
combination  of  distance  in  the  drill  and  amount 
of  seed,  for  early  as  well  as  late  varieties.  The 
soil  used  for  these  experiments  is  rather  rich — 
rich  enough  to  grow  a  1500  bushel  crop  of  mangels 
to  the  acre.  Next  yeai'we  shall  repeat  the  same 
series  of  experiments  on  poor  soil,  or  on 
soil  of  less  than  medium 
fertility. 

We  do  not  expect  to 
grow  a  crop  of  1390  bushels 
to  the  acre,  nor  will  we 
brag  about  what  we  think 
we  can  do.  The  yields  will 
be  carefully  measured 
and  correctly  reported,' 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


CJijppp  hanging  in  folds  and  wrinkles,  giving  the  appear- 

___^ '_ ^ ance  that  nature  could  not  find  use  for  all  the 

' wocjl  without  eiihirgiug  the  skin  to  make  room 

Every  branch  of  stock  raising  has  its  periods  of  for  it.  It  will  he  observed  that  the  wool  also 
prosperity  and  depression.  At  the  present  time,  '  covers  the  legs  down  to  the  hoofs,  and  extends 
owing  to  the  large  increase  of  wool-growing  in  j  over  the  face  almost  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  The 
Australia  and  other  countries,  added  to  our  own  [  prevailing  idea  seems  to  be  ivuol.  The  Merino  is 
large  production,  a  depression  in  prices  of  wool  I  the  most  widely  distributed  breed,  «nd  can  en- 
was  caused,  which  was  still  further  increased  ■  dure  the  oppressive  heat,  and  dry  weather  better 
by  the  changes  in  the  tarifT.  This  depression  than  the  mutton  breeds.  They  will  thrive  on 
should  not  work  permanent  injury  to  the  sheep    the  scanty  pastures  of  liill  or  dale,  but   not  in 


interests  of  the  country.  Wool-growing  alone, 
may  not  be  so  profitable  as  formerlj',  yet,  the 
growing  of  finer  muttons,  and  consequently  the 
greater  demand  for  them,  will  tend  to  make 
better  prices  for  mutton,  and  while  wool-growing 
exclusively  may  diminish,  mutton-growing  will 
increase,  and  the  interest  in  sheep  will  again 
assume  an  active  state.  No  stock  yields  so  early 
and  regular  profits  as  the  sheep.  Even  at  the 
present  low  price  of  wool,  the  value  of  the  fleece 
materiallj'  reduces  the  cost  of  the  keep,  and  at 
the  long  continued  good  prices  for  earl.v  lambs  in 
eastern  markets,  adds  largely  to  the  profits  of  the 
stock.  There  is  a  vast  difference  in  the  sheep  in- 
dustry of  the  East  compared  with  that  of  the 
West.  The  East  lias  dear  land  and  a  good  mar- 
ket for  early  lambs,  and  the  wool  crop  has  the 
lesser  place  in  the  profits  of  sheep-erowing.  Tlie 
West  has  cheaper  lands  and  unlimited  range, 
and  from  its  remoteness  from  markets,  must 
rely  largely  on 
wool  for  income 
and  the  increase 
of  stock.  \Vc  shall 
keep  in  mind  this 
diversity  of  inter- 
ests, and  shall  con- 
sider the  subject 
in  all  its  bearings, 
suited  to  each  sec- 
tion, and  also  what 
appears  to  us  to  be 
the  true  and 
proper  solution  of 
the  sheep  quest  ion. 
We  shall  consider 
first  :— 

BREEDS.-Why 
the  sheep  should 
be  clothed  with 
wool,  unlike  all 
other  of  our  do- 
mestic animals,  is 
a  question  of  no 
easy  solution,  as  it 
is  so  wide  a  depart- 
ure from  the  hair 
of  other  animals. 
The  division  of 
sheep  into  differ- 
ent breeds  is  of 
easy  solution,  for 
careful  breeding 
for  years  for  spe- 
cial purposes,  will 
finally  fix  a  per- 
manent type  in   any 


wet  soils  as  well  as  the  English  breeds.  From 
their  active  roving  habit,  and  indifference  to 
kind  or  quality  of  feed  and  pasture,  they  are 
called  the  poor  man's  sheep.  No  breed,  perhaps, 
is  so  widely  disseminated,  or  grown  in  larger 
numbers  than  the  Merino.  They  cover  the  vast 
plains  of  the  West,  either  in  pure  breeds  or  in 
crosses,  and  are  the  great  majority  of  Australian 


LEICESTERS.— This  breed  resembles  the  Cots- 
wold,  and  differs  only  in  being  of  more  delicate 
frame,  somewhat  smaller,  and  there  is  the  ab- 
sence of  wool  on  the  forehead.  The  bald  liead 
and  white  face  are  marks  thatclearly  distinguish 
it  from  the  larger  Colswold. 

THE  LINCOLNS,  a  breed  originating  in  Lincoln- 
shire, Enghind,  are  quite  similar  to  the  other 
long-wooled  Downs,  and  are,  as  yet,  little  bred  in 
this  country. 

OXFORDSHIRES.— This  breed,  also  called  Ox- 
ford Downs,  belongs  to  the  class  of  medium-wool 
sheCp,  and  combines  the  qualities  of  both  a  wool 
and  mutton  breed.  This  breed  is  popular  in 
England,  and  is  rajiidly  increasing  in  favor  in 
this  conntr.v.  It  originated' some  fifty  years  ago, 
to  combine  the_  best  qualities  of  both  a  good 
wool  and  a  fine  mutton  breed.  To  the 
county  of  Oxford,  England,  belongs  the  honor  of 


sheep.    In  almost  all  the  common  sheep  of  our  |  the  idea  of  combining  both  qualitlesin  one  breed 


farms,  we  find  strong  marks  of  the  blood  of  the 
Merino. 

THE  DOWNS.— Under  the  general  name  of 
Downs,  we  have  several  English  breeds  of  fine 
size,  making  excellent  muttons.  We  divide  the 
English  breeds  into  three  classes,  the  long, 
medium,  and  short^wooled.  Of  the  first  class,— 
the  long-wooled,— we  include  the  Cotswold, 
Leicester,  and  Lincoln.  The  medium-woolcd  are 
the  Oxfordshire,  Shropshire,  and  Hampshire, 
and  the  short-wooled  the  Southdown.    The  first 


animal  and  establish  a 
breed.  In  countries  where  fine  wools  were  for- 
merly in  so  great  demand,  the  fine  wool  breeds 
were  the  type  to  which  all  breeders  turned  their 
attention,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  points, 
and  fine  wools  were  the  result. 

In  situations  where  mutton  was  demanded, 
mutton  was  the  object,  mittton  breeds  were  estab- 
lished. On  the  cold  barren  heaths  of  England 
and  Scotland,  a  hardy  race  of  sheep  became  the 
type  From  these  causes  we  have  as  the  repre- 
sentative breed  of  the  fine  wool  class  th^Bpanish 
Merino,  from  which  has  sprung  the  French, 
Saxon,  Silesian,  and  American  merino,  which 
differ  from  each  other  in  but  few  points  of  breed- 
ing, but  all  unite  in  general  fineness  of  wool. 
The  wool  of  the  finest  bred  Merinos,  rivals  silk  in 
texture,  and  can  be  spun  in  the  finest  of  threads 
and  woven  in  the  best  broadcloths.  It  is  this 
breed  that  furnishes  the  wool  for  the  best  cloths 
and  the  finest  woolen  goods.  This  bi'eed  has 
been  bred  to  wool  alone,  at  the  sacrifice  of  the 
muttons.  We  give  a  cut  of  a  fine  buck  of  the 
American  Merino,  whose  form  and  life-like  ap- 
pearance shows  so  well  the  excellencies  rif  this 
type,  and  the  differences  in  some  points  tb.at  ov^, 
especially  valuable  to  this  country  and  climat?.. 
The  peculiar  appearance  of  the  Merino  will  Iti 
seen  by  observing  our  illustration.  The  looses 
Rhaeev  skin,  much  too  larse  to  cover  the  animal . 


in  the  greatest  perfection,  and  the  breed  at  once, 
when  well  established,  received  the  name  of  Ox- 
ford. They  are  a  large  sheep,  rivaling  the  Cots- 
wold in  size  and  shape.  They  have  a  well-polled 
forehead,  the  wool  of  which  is  not  so  long  and 
conspicuous  as  in  the  Cotswold.  The  color  is  a 
trifle  darker,  fleece  shorter,  but  set  thickly,  and 
hence  but  a  little  inferior  to  that  breed  in  the 
production  of  wool.  The  legs  are  dark,  free  from 
wool,  and  the  general  appearance  of  the  animal 
indicates  a  thrifty  and  vigorous  stock. 

SOUTHDOWN.— 
This  is  preemi- 
nently the  mutton 
breed  of  England, 
and  while  the  car- 
cass is  of  smaller 
size  than  that  of 
the  other  breeds, 
yet  in  quality  of 
mutton  it  exceeds 
them.  The  breed 
had  its  origin  in 
the  downs  of  Sus- 
sex, which  are 
only  of  moderate 
elevation,  and  af- 
ford a  scanty, 
though  rich  pas- 
turage. The  size 
of  the  sheep  is  me- 
dium and  bone 
small.  The  wool 
short  and  thick; 
legs  and  face  smut- 
ty or  almost  black, 
and  free  from 
'  wool.  The  charac- 
-  terlstics  of  this 
'  breed  are  so  well 
marked  that  they 
will,  when  once 
seen,  be  easily  dis- 
tinguished from 
all  others.  They 
carrv  well  their 
JVo.  SS  Missouri  Register,  owned  by  H.  V.  Pugsley,  Plallsbitrg,  Mo.  -  ^^^^  points  when 

class  are  noted  for  the  exeellcnce  of  their  long  i  crossed  on  other  breeds,  and  arenotonly  of  value 
wool,  valuable  for  many  Kinds  of  manufactures,  '  as  pure-breeds,  but  also  for  crosses.  This  is  true, 
while  the  short-wools  furnish  the  finer  muttons,  especially  on  the  larger  and  coarser  breeds;  for 
and  the  middle-wools  combine  the  excellencies  while  they  do  not  decrease  the  sizeof  the  crosses, 
of  both,  to  a  large  degree,  making  each  breed  they  add  largely  to  the  value  of  the  carcass  for 
valuable  for  particular  purposes.    We  will  take    mutton  purposes.     Scotland  produces  some  ex- 


"VEJVOEAfrCE,' 


the  first  class  comprising  the  Cotswold,  Leicester, 
and  Lincoln,  and  describe  them  as  they  appear 
to  the  common  observer,  leaving  all  the  finer 
points    for  the   stockmen     to    investigate    and 


cellent  breeds  of  sheep  suited  to  a  rough,  cold, 
and  rigorous  climate,  and  of  good  quality  for 
wool  as  well  as  mutton.  Of  these  the  Cheviot 
may  be  taken  as  one  of  the  finest.     Our  linaits 


discuss.    Our  aim  is  to  entertain  and  instruct  1  will  not  allow  ns  more  detail  of  the  individual 


the  general  reader,  rather  than  to  consider  the 
points  of  merit  in  the  different  breeds. 

COTSWOLD.— This  breed  gains  its  name  from 
the  Cotswold  Hills,  a  range  of  mountains  which 
rise  to  an  elevation  of  1200  feet  in  Gloucestershire, 


breeds,  but  we  think  enough  has  been  given  to 
enable  the  reader  to  form  an  intelligent  opinion 
upon  the  subject. 

CLIIVIATOLOGY.-We  now  come  to  a  subject  that 
exerts   a   great  influence   upon    the   successful 


England.  They  are  a  large  and  hardy  breed,  can  j  breeding  and  the  longevity  of  sheep.  The  natu- 
endure  cold  and  exposure,  will  thrive  on  rough  !  ral  effect  of  a  torrid  climate  is  to  produce  hair  In 
pastures,  and  mature  early,  producing  a  large  [  place  of  wool.  In  fact,  take  any  breed  of  sheep 
mutton.  When  fed  freely  they  are  apt  to  become  !  to  a  hot  climate,  and  the  wool  will  gradually  be 
so  fat  that  the  mutton  will  not  be  of  use  to  the    replaced  by  a  growth  of  fine  hair  in  the  finei^ 


butcher.  They  often  exceed  300  pounds  in  weight. 
The  breed  is  at  once  distinguished  by  the  long 
wool  that  grows  from  the  forehead  and  over  the 
clean,  small  head,  almost  covering  the  eyes.  The 
ai>senceof  horns  and  the  freedom  of  wool  from 
the  legs  will  be  noted.  The  carriage  of  the  ani- 
mal is  bold  and  fearless;  in  build  it  is  broad  and 
deep.  It  is  valuable  for  crossing,  as  it  carries  its 
trood  noints  in  its  crosses. 


wooled,  and  coarse  hair  in  the  eoarser-wooled 
sheep.  So  great  is  tills  tendency  that  all  sheep 
native  to  the  tropics  are  destitute  of  wool.  The 
temperate  or  milder  climates  are  remarkable  for 
finer  wools,  and  the  colder  for  long  and  coarse 
wools.  These  facts  were  well  known  to  the 
Greeks  2000  years  ago,  and  as  cotton  and  silk 
were  not  known  to  them,  and  linen  but  a  little 
cultivated,  to  make  the  finest  of  wool  the  finest 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN, 


wool  sheep  were  not  only  selected,  but  were  fitted 
with  clothes  in  cold  weather  to  keep  the  wool 
from  injury.  Since  the  introduction  of  silk  and 
cotton,  the  finer  grades  of  wool  are  \e^s  in  de- 
mand, and  coarser,  long  wools  have  taken  the 
lead  in  the  market.  The  dififerent  breeds  are  not 
of  similar  constitutions.  The  Merino  will  thrive 
in  the  heat  of  plains  and  flourish  on  the  driest 
sands;  while  it  can  be  reared  on  the  highest 
table-lands,  it  will  also  thrive  in  low  altitudes. 
So  long  has  the  breed  of  Merinos  suffered  climatic 
changes,  and  been  bred  in  ages  past,  that  the.y 
suffer  perhaps  less  from  varied  climate  than  any 
other  breed,  which  may  be  due  from  the  half- 
wild  character  of  the  people,  whose  herding 
from  plain  to  mountain,  in  wild,  savage  life, 
produced  a  strain  of  sheep  that  are  but  little  af- 
fected by  climate  except  by  moisture  and  wet, 
in  which  respect  they  are  inferior  to  the 
English  breeds. 

Among  the  influences  of  climate  as  affecting 
Bheep,  may  be  mentioned  a  wet  one,  producing 
foot  rot;  while  a  hot  or  dry  one  is  injurious  to 
the  English  breeds.  All  breeds  bear  renioval 
better  in  parallels  of  latitude,  although,  with 
care,  any  breed  will  bear  a  reasonable  cliange. 

BREEDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CON- 
DITIONS.—The  stockman  who 
keeps    vast    herds    on    tli 
range,  or  the  breeder  on  the 
plains,  where    pasturage  is 
short  and  flocks  must  all 
be  herded,  needs  sheep  of 
gregarious    habits,   who 
will  keep  in  flocks  and  not 
wander    away;     other- 
wise herding  is  difficult, 
not  to  say  almost  impos- 
sible.    For  that   reason 
the  Merino  has  the  ad- 
van  tage    over    most 
breeds  for  large  ranges. 
While  for  the  rich  lands 
of  the  farm,  where  grass 
grows  in  luxuriance,  the 
Merino  will,  from  its. rov- 
ing   habit,   trample    and 
waste    ]nore    than    it    con- 
Buroes.    In  such  localities 
the  English  breeds  are  v 
desirable,  not  only  for  their 
large  size    and    valuable 
wool,  but  also  for  their     /, 
quiet  habitus.     Being  re- 
strained by  fences,  their 
desire  to  separate  into 
small    bands    does   not 
affect    their    keeping. 
The  Cotswolds  and  Ox- 
fords   waste    but    little 
grass  by  tramping  over 
the  flelds,  and  that  is  a 
valuable  characteristic 
of  the    English    long- 
wools   and    Downs. 
"Where  pastures  are  ex- 
tremely   wet,  the    Lei- 
cester is    perhaps   best 
suited,  if  sheep  must  be 
kept,  but  we  do  not  advise  sheep-raising  under 
such  circumstances. 

EASTERN  SHEEP  BREEDING. -We  in  the  East, 
with  dear  land,  and  smaller  farms  than  other 
Bections,  dear  feed  and  hay,  lands  well  fenced, 
also  have  a  good  market  for  lambs  and  a  growing 
demand  for  mutton.  Under  these  conditions, 
grade  Merinos  are  purchased  in  summer  and 
bred  to  full  blood  Southdown  bucks.  The  sheep 
are  well  cared  for  and  the  early  lambs  are  dis- 
posed of  to  butchers  in  the  large  cities,  at  good 
paying  prices,  which  good,  early  spring  Iambs 
are  sure  to  command.  The  business  pays  well 
for  the  outlay,  for  the  sheep  in  the  fall  consume 
much  of  the  waste  pastures,— briars  and  weeds 
that  the  cattle  refuse,— and  if  kept  a  few  years  in 
succession  will  do  more  to  eradicate  useless 
weeds  from  a  farm  than  any  animal  in  the 
farmer's  field.  We  know  oT*Tarms  overgrown  by 
briars  and  bushes  and  fences  overgrown  with 
bramble,  that  were  entirely  subdued  by  sheep, 
and  the  farm  appeared  as4f  possessed  of  a  new 
owner.  The  large  amount  of  excellent  manure 
sheep  produce  must  not  be  lost  sight  of  in  the 
East,  where  manure  is  so  valuable  and  difficult 
to  procure.  Next  to  hog-pen  manure,  that  of 
sheep  is  most  valuable,  and  will  more  than  pay 
for  the  care  of  the  flock.    By  the  use  of  sheep  as 


I 


manure-makers,  the  farm  will  be  rapidly  im- 
proved. The  poorest  of  the  old  sheep  are  sold, 
after  lambing,  as  soon  as  fit  for  market,  and  the 
best  are  kept  over  another  year.  Then  such  addi- 
tions are  made  by  purchasing  of  the  drovers  as 
the  farmer  can  handle  and  keep.  This  industry, 
though  in  proportion  is  small,  yet,  it  is  a  sure 
and  profitable  investment. 

WESTERN  SHEEPGROWWG.  Wherefarmsare 
larger  and  feed  and  pastures  more  abundant  and 
cheap,  the  soils  rich,  deep,  and  fertile,  and  the 
area  more  extended,  the  Majestic  Colswold  is  at 
home,  and  the  Oxfordshire  and  other  large  breeds 
arrive  at  their  highest  perfection.  This  section 
from  its  evident  advantages  can  produce  the 
best  wools  and  muttons  at  lowest  possible  cost. 
Here  also  we  look  for  the  large  breeds  that 
weigh  from  'JoO  to  8(MJ  pounds  each  and  shear 
fleeces  of  wool  weighing  from  flfteen  to  twenty 
pounds.  Here  the  growing  of  the  larger  breeds 
can  be  carried  on  with  few  or  no  drawbacks,  and 
the  large  breeds  arrive  to  such  perfection  that 
the  growing  of  large  sheep  is  made  easier  and 
profitable. 

SHEEP-RAISING  ON  THE  PLAINS. —Large ranges, 
dry    climate,    elevated    plains  and  mountain 
ranges,  wild  .and    isolated,  are  the  features  oC- 
sheep-growing  in  the  far  West.    The  absence 
of  water,    scantiness   of   herbage— though 
rich  in  feeding  qualities,  makes  the  sys- 
tem ditTerent  from  the  ones   we  have 
described.     Frequently  the  preemp- 


CoP\f\iG-KTED  ISSS"  


Scotch  go  lly 

BOBBIE" 

-»=—     l/V\pol\TED    BY 

W.Atlee  Burpee  s^co.phila 


tion  of  a  watercourse  or  even  a  depression  or 
pond  of  water  may  give  the  control  of  large 
territory  near  it  to  the  fortunate  claimant. 
For  without  water  herding  is  not  possible, 
and  he  who  controls  the  water  in  s:uch  cases  also 
controls  the  pasturage  of  leagues  of  adjacent 
government  land.  Woe  to  the  unfortunate  herder 
who  trespasses  with  his  flocks,  dying  with  thirst 
it  may  be,  upon  the  water  rights  of  his  neighbor. 
Such  freedom  is  never  permissible.  It  may  be 
said  that  he  who  owns  the  water  holds  all  the 
lands  that  lie  around  it.  Here  the  warfare  be- 
tween sheepmen  and  cattlemen  wages  the 
fiercest,  and  complaint  of  the  cattle  herder  that 


the -sheep  eat  the  pasture  so  closely  that  they  kill 
the  grass,  is  a  frequent  cause  of  disturbances, 
and  the  quarrels  are  so  interminable  that  they 
attbrd  all  the  excitement  so  desirable  in  border 
life.  The  grass  on  the  plains,  from  the  almost 
continued  absence  of  rain,  grows  in  bunches  or 
round  spots  a  few  feet  to  a  few  inches  in  diame- 
ter; very  short,  but  as  nutritious  as  grain.  These 
spots,  or  patches  of  grass,  rise  above  the  level  ot 
the  plain,  leaving  the  bare  alleys  or  walks  be- 
tween them,  and  when  cropped  too  closely,  fail 
to  grow  again,  and  the  pasturage  ceases  for  years. 
If  these  areas  were  not  so  vast,  herding  would 
be  impossible  for  such  vast  flocks  of  siieep.  _The 
usual  shelter  from  winter  storms  and  cold,  is  the 
south  side  of  sheltered  hills  or  that  of  the  open 
corrall.  Sheds  are  too  seldom  seen,  in  fact,  the 
range  is  so  large  and  the  distance  so  great  that  it 
is  not  easy  to  shelter  the  sheep.  Yet,  here  sheep 
are  grown  at  less  cost  than  anywhere  in  the 
United  States,  and' if,  as  it  frequently  happens, 
thousands  perish  from  cold  and  snow  in  the  win- 
ter, yet  the  increase  is  so  great  that  the  flock- 
master  does  not  appear  to  regard  it  as  a  matter  of 
serious  consequence.  In  Texas  and  New  Mexico 
rains  occur  more  frequently,  and  the  two  rainy 
seasons  give  moisture  enough  to  raise  mesquite 
and  grama  grasses  that  afford  the  richest  of  pas- 
tures. While  the  sheep  husbandry  of  the  plains 
may  be  rude,  yet,  the  profits  are  great,  and  if  the 
location  is  a  good  one.  fortunes  are  speedily  made. 
In  California  and  Oregon, the  mountain  ranges 
and  valleys  so  traverse  the  country,  that  the 
ian  of  the  ancient  shepherd  is  revived,  that 
I'  driving  the  sheep  in  summer  to  the 
mountain  ranges,  in  winter,  seeking 
the  valleys  for  pasture  and  shelter. 
In  southern  California,  drouth  deci- 
mates the  flocks  frequently,  yet. 
that  State  produces  thousands 
of  sheep  that  are  sent  to  the 
North-west  and  distributed 
over  the  country.  A  vast 
amount  of  wool  is  pro- 
duced on  the  Pacific  slope, 
and  the  sheep  are  very 
healthy  and  are,  perhaps, 
more  exempt  from  disease 
t  h  a  n  anywhere  i  n  the 
Union. 

FOREIGN  SHEEP  GROW- 
ING.—We  shall  deal  with 
foreign  sheep-growing, 
that  the  American  reader 
can  see  where  the  com- 
petition of  foreign  wool 
hurts  him.  No  one  who 
has  not  investigated  the 
increase  of  the  sheep  and 
the  area  extended,  can 
form  a  just  idea  of  the 
vast  increase  of  foreign 
territory  now  devoted  to 
sheep.  Australia  takes 
the  lead,  not  only  foj  the 
vastness  of  its  flocks  and 
limitless  territory,  but 
the  numbers  owned  by 
one  person.  As  many  as 
3'30,O00  sheep  are  credited  to  a  single  owner,  and 
there  are  many  others  who  have  flocks  nearly  as 
large.  The  sheep  runs  or  stations  are  leased  from 
the  government  in  large  sections,  at  the  low  rate 
of  about  ?2.50  per  square  mile,  and  on  long  leases. 
Some  of  the  larger  runs  embrace  as  much  as  2000 
square  miles,  an  area  nearlj'  as  large  as  some  of 
our  smaller  States.  These  sheep  runs  or  farms 
are  so  numerous,  and  the  amount  of  wool  pro- 
duced so  enormous,  that  its  eflect  on  the  market 
is  felt  all  over  the  world.  Buenos  Ayres,  Para^ 
guay,  and  Uraquay  in  South  America,  are  be- 
coming important  sheep  districts.  From  the 
richness  of  soil,  temperate  climate,  owners  will 


r/fftxe  m^ition  THE  FA  RM  AXD  dAUDEX. 


:e.tti^e  southdown  sheep 


^llf  WALSINGHA 
^T^^  FOR  SALE. 

WILLIAM  CROZIER.  NOUTHPORT.  N, 


SHEEP !        SHEEP ! 

LINCOLN,  HAMPSHIRE   DOWN,  AND 
SOUTH  DOWN  SHEEP  a  specialty. 

We  liav(;  sf>me  veryrlioice  l.tiiibs  of  ibe  ahovelliroe 
bree^l^  ready  for  sliippm^',  aiul  can  mate  thoiii  in  trios 
lint  akin.  Also  a  lew  learliiias  of  both  sexes. 
()t'<Ier  Noon  if  rou  wish  i«  srciirc  the  best.  Address 

T.  WALTER  &  SONS,  WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 


BRANDYWINE  FLOCK. 

PURE  SOUTHDOWN  SHEEP. 

A  liuiuber  of  clioice  rams,  ot  different  at^es.  lor  sale. 
The  sires  and  dams  recorded  ill  1st  and  2d  vol.  American 
fSoutlidown  Record.  Also  two  recorded  rams.  Owe 
received  first  prize  at  Ppniisvlvania  Slate  Fair,  liSlM;  the 
other  first  at  Chester  County  Fair,  1883,  Bred  and  lor 
sale  bv  JESSE  K.  COl'E,  West  Chester,  Penna. 

gENTON  GARINOER,  WASHINGTON.  C.  H.,  OHIO., 

POLLED  ABERDEEfANGUS  CATTLE, 

SHROPSHIRE  DOWN  SHEEP, 

And  IHESTEU  WHITE  HOliS. 

Its'  Choice  Hlock  Jw  Sale.  '^S^ 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


be  able  to  grow  the  flnest-combiug  wools,  and  '  first  befoi'e  a  flock  of  sheep,  for  some  of  the 
seriously  afl'ect  our  markets.  The  lands  in  South  I  stronger  ones  will  be  so  greedy  for  it,  that  they 
America  are  fine  for  grazing;  rich,  and  gener- 1  will  eat  so  freely  of  it  that  the  salt  will  kill  them, 
ally  well  watered,  and  must  become  one  of  the  I  Alter  they  have  become  accustomed  to  it,  a  lump 
first  wool-producing  countries  of  the  globe,  when  j  should  be  kept  by  them  always.  Castration  and 
enterprising  wool-growers  take  hold  of  it.  The  I  docking  of  lambs  should  be  done  early,  as  early 
natural  soil  of  these  Republics  is  so  fertile,  and  j  as  the  first  week,  if  done  at  all. 
the  pasturage  so  rich,  and  the  climate  so  equita- !  Lambs  are  usuall.v  weaned  at  four  months,  or 
ble,  that  were  the  government  stable  and  sure,  earlier,  and  should,  when  they  are  to  be  weaned, 
the  industry  would  a-ssume  vast  proportions.  be  turned  on  some  short,  rich  pasture,  freely 

MEXICO.— Good  grazing  lands  can  be  leased  in  watered,  and  should  short  pasturage  require  it, 
large  tracts  at  a  rental  less  than  one-half  a  cent  be  fed  somewhat  on  grain.  The  intelligence  of 
an  acre,  or  be  bought  for  ten  cents  an  acre,  or  thel'armermust  be  his  adviser  in  feeding,  for  any 
less,  and  were  the  government  stable  and  good,  neglect  on  his  part  will  run  down  his  flock  and 
sheep-raising  would  soon  gain  a  foothold  and  be  lessen  his  profits.  Corn  fodder  does  well  for 
a  rising  competitor  In  the  markets  for  wool.  We  sheep  with  a  feed  of  hay  for  a  change ;  but  always 
do  not  mention  other  foreign  wool  countries,  for  so  feed  that  the  animals  are  kept  active, 
all  except  Russia,  and  jierhaps  Spain,  do  not  Sheep  pens  should  be  kept  well  littered,  and  if 
export  wool  in  quantities  to  seriously  afl'eet  the  asmell  of  ammonia  is  perceived,  the  pen  should 
wool  markets.    They  grow  largely  for  home  con-    be  cleaned  or  land-p'.aster  freely  applied  to  it. 


%^ 


gumption,  and  supi)ly  the  home  demand  and 
lessen  our  export  market. 

LAMBS.— The  flock-master  will  find  the  most 
careful  attention  of  the  lambing  necessar.v.  In 
fact,  if  he  profits,  this  period  must  not  be  neglec- 
ted. While  we  do  not  propose  to  instruct  the 
herder  who  has  spent  years  in  raising, 
yet,  there  are  many  who  only  grow  small 
flocks,  and  where  lambs  are  valuable,  and 
to  them  the  few  hints  we  give  will  be  of 
profit.  The  rule  that  the  stronger  and  the 
healtii.er  the  stock  bred  from,  the  stronger 
and  healthier  are  the  lambs,  is  true,  and 
the  importance  of  good  bucks  for  sires 
will  be  manifested  in  the  vigor  of  the 
young.  The  ewes  should  be  kept  in  good 
condition,  but  not  fat,  and  allowed  to  run 
in  the  field  in  open  weather  during  win- 
ter for  exercise,  or  at  least  should  be 
allowed  the  liberty  of  a  large  yard.  Cold 
and  needless  exposure  weakens  the  ewe, 
and  also  makes  sickly  lambs.  Although 
they  may  find  little  or  no  forage  in  the 
bare  field  in  winter,  yet,  the  sheep  are 
greatly  improved  by  the  exercise  gained 
by  it.  Exposure  to  cold  rains  and  snows 
must  always  be  avoided. 

The  period  of  gest  at  ion  in  the  ewe,  is  five 
months  (150  days),  and  shortly  before  that  time 
the  ewe  should  be  put  in  a  roomy,  dr.v  pen,  free 
fi*om  cold  draughts  and  from  disturbances  (  f  any 
kind.  If  the  sheep  have  been  properly  kept  With 
a  change  of  food,  with  a  slight  increase  of  grain, 
a  month  before  lambing,  and  a  small  suppl.v  of 
clover  hay  added,  the  lambing  will  not  only  be 
easy,  but  tlie  lambs  will  be  fijie  and  vigorous. 
But  a  small  loss  will  occur,  and  the  lambs  will 
care  for  themselves  with  little  attention.  If  the 
sheep  have  been  kept  and  treated  kindly,  they 
will  be  easy  to  handle,  and  are  easily  caught  and 
separated.  After  lambing,  the  ewes  may  be  fed 
potatoes,  turnips,  pumpkins,  &c.,  with  the  grain 
and  hay,  and  the  milk  production  gradually  in- 
orea-sed  as  the  lambs  increase  in  size.  In  sheep- 
breeding,  care  must  always  be  taken  to  make  no 
sudden  changes  of  feed  or  pasture,  but  gradually 
if  you  want  a  sound  and  healthy  flock. 

When  a  lamb  is  taken  to  the  fire  to  warm,  and 
the  ewe  will  not  own  it  when  returned,  usually, 
if  the  lamb  is  wetted  by  milking  the  mother,  the 
smell  of  the  milk  will  reconcile  the  ewe  to  the 
lamb,  even  if  it  be  a  strange  one.  Lambs  fre- 
quently die  of  constipation  when  a  week  old, 
this  seldom  occurs  in  cases  where  the  ewes  have 
been  well  kept,  and  the  milk  rich  and  healthy, 
or  where  the  feeding  of  roots  is  practiced  Rafter 
lambing.  Roots  fed  before  will  occasionally 
cause  too  free  a  flow  of  milk,  and  many  breeders 
think  also  abortion.  Where  ewes  are  too  free 
milkers,  they  are  to  be  carefully  and  regularly 
milked,  until  the  lamb  can  consume  all  the  flow. 
Young  lambs  will  soon  learn  to  eat  ground  feed, 
which  is  best  fed  in  a  separate  enclosure,  with 
round  slats  or  stakes  set  far  enough  apart  to  allow 
only  the  lambs  free  access.  The  enclosure  will 
soon  be  found  by  the  inquisitive  lambs,  and  will 
soon  be  filled  with  them,  and  the  older  ones  will 
consume  more  feed  than  one  would  suppose  pos- 
sible, and  will  make  a  rapid  growth.  The  young- 
est lambs  will  soon  imitate  the  older,  and  be 
found  with  them  nibbling  at  the  grain.  Equal 
portions  of  oats  and  corn  ground  together  is  the 
best.  The  ewes  should  be  kept  well-watered  wtih 
fresh  water  daily,  and  regularly  salted,  either  by 
keeping  a  lump  of  rock-salt  in  the  pen,  orsprink- 
ling  the  fodder  with  salt-water.  Caution  should 
be  used  not  to  keep  a  lump  of  rock-salt  long  at 


Care  should  be  taken  that  the  ewes,  when  the 
lambs  are  removed  in  weaning,  do  not  suflTer 
from  the  continued  flow  of  milk.  The  English 
breeds  are  such  excellent  milkers  that  they  espe- 
clall.v  require  attentioi..  All  they  need  i.s  to  be 
occasionally   milked,   and   if  done   timely, 


'^.. 
^■- 


LINCOLN  sJikEI',nKlnM  hi/  T.  IVattei  ,t Sinis.  Wnt  Chfstei f' Pa, 

caked  udder  will  result.  The  spring  lambs  des- 
tined for  the  butchers,  should  be  forced  into 
growth  by  judicious  feeding,  as  rapidly  as  possi- 
ble, while  those  intended  for  breoding,  should  be 
kept  in  only  good,  healthy  growing  condition,  if 
you  desire  a  healthy,  rugged  breed  of  sheep. 

WOOL.— Weshall  pass  by  shearing,  fofit  cannot 
be  taught  only  from  a  practical  shearer.  The  eye 
is  to  be  taught,  not  the  judgement,  and  hence 
the  eye  must  see  the  performance  to  become  an 
adept  in  the  art.  We  will  only  say,  good  fleeces 
can  only  be  grown  by  a  regularity  of  feeding,  and 
a  proper  protection  from  excessive  cold.  Sheep 
in  poor  condition,  if  given  an  abundance  of  rich 
food,  will  cause  a  new  growth  of  wool  to  take 


the  place  of  the  old,  stunted  growth,  which,  as 
the  new  growth  starts,  will  fall  off  and  leave  the 
sheep  bare  in  the  midst  of  winter.  The  zsame 
may  occur  in  changing  from  the  coarse  or  scanty 
feed  of  winter  to  pasture  in  the  spring.  The 
wool  increases  or  decreases  aec-ording  to  the 
condition  of  growth,  and  will  be  uneven  in 
fineness  and  break  up  into  short  pieces  at  the 
places  where  the  changes  occur.  Such  wool  is 
poor  and  worthless  to  the  manufacturer,  and 
does  not  merit  a  price.  Exposure  to  colds  and 
storms  act  similarly  on  both  sheep  and  wool. 

DISEASES.-We  shall  carefully  consider  diseases, 
not  only  to  enable  the  breeder  to  aid  in  their 
cure,  but  what  is  of  far  greater  importance,  to 
enable  the  grower  to  know  how  to  prevent  them. 
"We  shall  give  the  cause  of  the  diseases  and  the 
usual  symptoms  of  them,  and  point  out  a  radical 
means  of  cure,  but  would  say  at  the  outset,  that 
prevention  is  better  than  cure. 

FOOT  ROT.— This  is  one  of  the  troublesome  dis- 
eases  that  is  likely  to  occur  on  wet  soils  or  damp 
pastures.  The  disease  is  contagious,  and  will  run 
through  a  tlock.    If  neglected,  as  its  nan\e  indi- 
cates, it  will  ro*   the  foot  so  that  tke  hoof  will 
no  I  come  off,  and  the  sheep  perish.    The  common 
observer  will  not  fail  to  notice  that  the 
foot  of  a  sheep  is  very  much  smaller  than 
is  in  due  proportion  to  the  size  of  other 
~^  domestic  animals,  and   by  a    continued 

>  running  in  moisture,  it  becomes  softened, 

and  spreading  under  the  weight  of  the 
sheep,  ruptures  the  union  of  the  hoof  to 
the  foot,  and  causes  t lie  inflammation  that 
produces  the  disea.se.  Such  a  view  is 
rendered  more  probable  from  the  fact  that 
thfe  first  appearance  occurs  at  the  top  of 
the  cleft  over  the  heel  of  the  foot,  where 
the  gi'eatest  strain  occurs,  and  follows 
the  walls  of  the  clelt  until  the  inflamma- 
tion penetrates  between  the  fleshy  sole 
and  the  hoof,  which  Anally  ulcerates  and 
comes  off.  If  wet  pastures  are  to  be  used, 
drive  the  sheep  to  them,  and  when  they 
cease  feeding,  take  them  away  to  a  dry 
pasture  or  to  the  fold,  where  the  pen  is 
dry  and  well  littered,  and  then  when  they 
need  feeding,  drive  away  to  grass  again 
and  back  to  the  fold.  This  will  reduce  the  expos- 
ure and  lessen  the  danger.  Foul,  dirty,  and  wet 
pens  and  rnns  are  also  to  be  avoided  by  the  fre- 
quent use  of  litter.  When  contracted,  separate 
the  sheep  at  once  and  immediately  examine  the 
feet.  The  first  indication  will  be  a  little  inflam- 
mation and  soreness,  which  we  have  described. 
At  once  clean  the  foot  well,  pare  off  the  diseased 
portion  of  the  hoofcarefully,  and  apply  amixtrue 
made  of  one  pound  of  blue  vitriol  (sulphate  of  cop- 
per), and  a  half  pound  of  verdigris  tacetate  of 
copper),  pulverized  finelj',  and  mi.xed  with  one 
pint  of  linseed  oil  and  one  quart  of  wood-tar. 
Apply  every  3  days,  until  a  cure  is  affected.  Wash 
clean  before  each  application.    The  hoof  must  be 


Plfose  ttiendon  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


SHEEP! 

LINCOLN,     COTSWOLD.    .SOUTHDOWN. 
-  OXFOUDSHIRKDOWN  .SHEEP  AND 
LA.'>IB.S  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHOICE  SPRING  PICS. 

ji:rsey  keds.  Chester  whites, 
poland-c^hjn.vs.  yorkshires. 

ESSEX,  and  BERKSHIRES 

From  finest  bloods.     Prices  LOW.    Illustrated 
Cntnloeiie  maiieil  free. 

JOHNSON  &  STOKES, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. ' 


CROSS 


BEST 


your.ewes  HAMPSHIRES 

BREED    FOR    .111  TTON   AND 
EARLY   LA.IIUS. 

The  HAMPSHIRES,,:.'  i!;^ 

j.nrpnsc.     YKAKI.IX;    If  A  MS.  S.JO. 
RAM  I/A:>I11S.  sJO.     Send  for  pamphlet. 

WVa.  Ii.  BRADBUKV,  XVason,  Va. 
SCOTCH  COLLY 

SHEPHERDS 

Pups  three  months  old,  out  ot  good 
driving  Ntock.  and  typical  sj>eci- 
mens  in  all  re.sppcts.  Doe8«  SSlS; 
Bitches,  $10.  Does  or  Bitches  broken  on  caltie 
or  sheep,  n  speciahy.    Prices  accunling  to  quality. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed  to  every  purchaser, 

ASSOCIATED  FANCIERS,  'FJLT.^'h'rp'J.- 


SOUTHDOWN,  COTSWOLD, 

OXFORD-DOWN 


Of"  s'""l  pt^'liirrep  and  rhoiccst  individnal  ninnt .  si>nii?  of 

them  I'cini:  jiriz.e-winners. 

Slntint 


iiinhfr  I 


YORKSHIRE  nGS  ft£c: 
COLLY  SHEPHERD  PUPS 


Write  iiir  Mpec.il  prices, 

Alsi.1    now    tor   '<;tle    hrst  ciasa 


':.^3  SCOTCH 

the  latter  sired  by 

nur  Fi  r ai  Prize 

liiipniii.-(l  l)u£r  Bobbie.  A.  K.  R..  No.  22ii.S.    Corrcspond- 

sonJited  W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co. » Philadelphia 

flS^Our  Illustrated  t'atakttrue  of  the  ahr-vt^,  and  other 
Thoroughbred  mock,  will  be  mailed  FREE  on  aMlicatloa. 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


kept  well  pared,  that  the  mixture  may  reach  the 
disease,  or  the  remedy  is  useless.  Sometimes  a 
scald  or  foul  foot  is  mistaken  for  the  foot  rot.  The 
symptoms  are  very  similar,  and  it  may  be  re- 
garded as  a  mild  form  of  the  disease.  It  is  not 
contagious,  but  in  some  cases,  if  it  is  long  neglec- 
ted, it  may  run  into  the  contagious  foot  rot.  A 
very  simple  plan  to  cure  the  scald  or  foul.  Is  to 
separate  the  hoofs  and  sprinkle  in  the  cleft,  some 
finely  powdered  blue  vitriol  (sulphate  of  copper), 
which  will  usually  be  sufficient.  In  more  severe 
cases,  soak  the  foot  ten  minutes  or  more,  or  until 
it  is  thoroughly  saturated  in  water,  in  which  has 
been  dissolved  all  the  virtiol  the  water  will  hold. 
This  will  usually  cure  the  disease.  Keep  the 
sheep,  after  they  are  taken  from  the  vitriol,  on  a 
dry  floor  for  a  few  days,  and  if  the  symptoms  do 
not  abate,  dip  again.  Feed  well  while  the  cure  is 
being  effected.  Where  many  are  to  be  treated,  it 
Is  best  to  make  a  shallow  box,  large  enough  for 
several  sheep,  and  cover  the  bottom  with  two 
inches  of  the  vitrioled  water.  Then  gently  drive 
the  sheep  into  the  box,  which  should  be  so  cov- 
ered that  they  cannot  jump  out,  and  let  them 
stand  fifteen  minutes.  The  feet  will  then 
be  well  soaked,  and  a  fresh  lot  can-be  put  in. 
This  plan  is  safe,  easy  and  elTectua!.  Care  must 
be  taken  that  the  sheep  do  not  drink  the  water, 
for  it  will  poison  them. 

SCAB  is  another  contagious  disease,  and  is  gen- 
erally neglected  until  the  sheep  are  all  more  or 
less  affected  and  the  flocks  run  down.  The  dis- 
ease is  caused  by  a  small  spider  that  burrows  in 
the  skin,' and  is  similar  to  the  itch  that  affects 
the  human  family.  These  insects  increase  very 
rapidly  and  soon  make -large  sores,  which  are 
still  fnrther  increased  by  the  rubbingof  the  sheep 
against  any  projection  they  may  find,  and  the 
constant  rubbing  increases  the  spread  of  the  dis- 
ease and  loosens  the  wool  from  the  sheep.  The 
cure  consists  of  poison  that  will  kill  the  insects 
and  theii-  eggs  efl'ectually,  and  not  injure  the 
sheep.  This  may  be  done  by  tobacco,  arsenic, 
terebane,  mercurial  preparations,  and  many 
others.  The  use  of  poisons  that  are  like  arsenic, 
mercury,  and  tobacco  are  not  to  be  commended, 
for  they  are  dangerous  to  use,  and  frequently  in- 
jure the  sheep.  We  giv^  whtit  we  deem  the  best 
remedy,  if  properly  prepared  and  used,  as  it  will 
be  a  certain  and  sure  cure  at  one  application. 
Take  a  gallon  of  terebane,  which  is  the  liquid 
residue  left  after  the  distillation  of  carbolic  acid, 
also  called  cresylic  acid;  it  is  not  only  better, 
but  cheaper  than  the  pure  carbolic  acid  ;  and  two 
pounds  of  hard  soap,  and  set  them  in  an  iron  or 
earthen  vessel ;  set  the  vessel  in  a  larger  one,  the 
space  between  to  be  filled  with  water.  The  whole 
gradually  heated  to  dissolve  the  soap  and  tere- 
bane. Do  not  allow  it  to  boil.  When  mixed 
thoroughly,  cool  and  add  a  pint  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine. The  use  of  the  soap  is  to  form  an  emulsifin 
that  will  dissolve  in  water,  as  the  terebane  alone 
will  not  mi.x  with  water.  The  terebane  must 
not  boil,  and  for  that  reason  water  is  used  be- 
tween the  two  kettles  to  prevent  it.  The  kettle 
must  be  carefully  watched,  and  as  soon  as  the 
mixture  is  complete,  set  aside  to  cool,  and  when 
cold  add  the  turpentine;  put  away  in  carboys 
for  dilution  and  use.  The  soap  should  Vje  cut 
up  into  fine  pieces,  to  make  it  dissolve,  or  finely 
shaved,  which  is  better.  The  mixture,  when 
completed,  should  be  diluted  with  100  gallons  of 
water,  and  the  sheep  dipped  into  the  .solution.  If 
the  terebane  is  not  tlis.solved,  it  will  fltjat  on  the 
water,  and  the  first  sheep  that  is  dipped  will  re- 
ceive all  the  terebane,  and  would  probably  be 
killed  by  it.  Should  the  sheep  be  at  all  injured 
by  the  dip,  wash  them  with  warm  water  and 
soap.  The  mi,xture  will  kill  the  scab  insect  in  two 
minutes.— P.  O.  Itep.,  ISeO. 

Murcurial  ointment,  thoroughly  mixed  with 
four  times  its  weight  of  lard,  and  rubbed  on  the 
head  And  the  wool,  parted  every  four  inches  in 
Straight  lines  from  the  head  backward. toward 
the  tail,  -and  the  ointment  rubbed  in  well,  is 
good.  For  a  full-grown  sheep  the  mixture  should 
not  exceed  two  ounces,  and  for  a  lamb  half  an 
ounce  will-be  sufficient.  A  second  slight  appli- 
cation may  be  necessary. —  Youatt,  This  oint- 
ment will  injure  sheep  if  they  are  not  carefully 
housed  fronf  the  wet  for  a  few  days  after  use.  (-)ne 
pound  of  sulphur,  gradually  mixed  with  a  half- 
pound  of  oil  of  tar,  well  rubbed  down  with  two 
pounds  of  lard,  and  applied  the  same  way  as'the 
mercurial  ointment,  is  not  p(jisonous,  and  is  sure 
and  Qffec\WA\.—R'-tndnlL  The  arsenical  dip  is 
made  by  dissolving  one  pound  of  white  arsenic 
(arsenioHS  acid)  in  twenty-four  gallons  of  water, 
and  used  as  a  dip.  After  shearing,  the  strong 
tobacco  solution  may  be  employed.  All  these 
dips  ntust  not  be  allowed  to  get  in  the  eyes  or 
nostrils  of  thCBheep,  for  being  powerful  enough 
to  kill  the  scab  insect,  are  also  powerful  enough 
to  greatly  injure  the  sheep,  and  if  not  carefully 
done  and  the  sheep  eared  for  afterwards,  flocks 
may  be  lost. 


Ticks  are  removed  the  same  as  scab,  but  much  | 
weaker  solytions  will  sufljice.  The  grubs  in  the 
head  are  small  worms  hatched  from  an  egg  laid  by 
a  fly  in  the  nostrils  of  sheep,  that  crawls  up  them, 
and  will  finally  kill  the  sheep  if  allowed  to  remain. 
The  sheep  ati'ected  with  them  make  very  violent 
efforts  to  expel  the  worms  by  sneezing,  protrud- 
ing their  tongues,  and  frequently  rearing  on 
their  hind  legs  as  if  in  great  pain,  and  die-of  ex- 
haustion. Among  tile  many  remedies,  the  ea.si- 
estand  best  is  to  use  a  long-nozzled  syringe,  the 
nozzle  at  least  six  inches  in  length,  small  and 
very  smooth  on  the  point.  Take  a  half-teaspoon- 
ful  of  turpentine  and  insert  the  nozzle  in  the 
nostrils  of  tlie  sheep,  and  quickly  inject  the  tur- 
pentine as  far  up  as  possible. 

PAPER  SKiN.  is  a  disease  that  aflTects  sheep 
mostly  east  of  the  Mississippi.  The  disea.se  does 
not  appear  tcj  be  well  understood,  but  is  supposed 
to  result  from  intestinal  parasites  in  the  sheep, 
which  cau-ses  yearlings  to  be  of  a  waxen-white 
color,  and  general  debility  and  loss  of  vitality  of 
the  lambs  or  young  sheep.  -The  best  remedy,  so 
far,  ajipears  to  be  to  take  equal  quantities  of  tur- 
pentine and  whiskey,  well  mixed  by  shaking, 
and  give  a  teaspoonful  at  a  dose,  either  by  a 
syringe,  down  the  throat,  or  from  a  small,  strong, 
long-necked  bottle.  The  use  of  Hnel,\-powdered 
copperas  with  the  salt  in  salting,  is  highly  re- 
commended. The  usual  proportions  are  one- 
twentieth  part  of  copperas  (proto-sulphate  of 
iron)  to  the  salt.  This  sometimes  increased  to  a 
tenth  or  more  in  severe  cases.  Other  diseases 
will  be  treated  in  our  stock  notes  in  future  num- 
bers of  the  Farm  and  Gardes,  which  include 
flukes  or  fluke-rot,  dysentery,  diarrhcea,  colic, 
loss  of  digestion,  scours,  and  siniilar'diseases. 

SHEEP-GROWERS'    POINTS- 

Avoid  wet  pastures  as  far  as  possible. _ 

Avoid  rough  usage  and  rough  keep. 

Avoid  needless  exposure  to  storms  and  rains. 

Avoid  sudden  changes  of  different  feeds, 

Avoid  diseases  in  buying  new  sheep. 

Be  sure  and  sell  old  sheep  early. 

Be  sure  to  feed  fattening  lambs  well. 

Be  sure  at  ni^ht  that  no  dogs  are  about. 

Be  sure  to  get  good  bucks  for  crosses. 


Be  sure  to  water  them  well. 

Care  is  repaid  in  sheep  as  in  other  stock. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  colds. 

Care  in  tarring  noses  of  sheep  prevents  bots. 

Care  in  shearing  avoids  cuttmg  and  sores. 

Care  in  lambing  season  will  save  lambs. 

Uo  not  promise  a  boy  a  lamb  and  yourself  tlie 

sheep. 
Do  not  allow  a  pond  of  water  in  the  sheep  pen. 
Do  not  sell  all  the  best  sheep. 
Do  not  keep  all  the  poor  ones. 
Do  not  waste  grain  in  feeding  without  boxes. 
Early  lambs  l>ring  the  most  money. 
Early  purchasers  pick  the  best  sheep. 
Early  doctoring  cures  most  diseases. 
Early  castration  of  lambs  is  desirable. 
Early  serving  the  ewes  makes  early  lambs. 
Freedom  from  worms,  rots,  and  scabs. 
Freedom  of  pastures  from  poison  laurel. 
Freedom  of  all  fodder  from  ergots  and  smuts. 
Freedom  from  vicious  rams  and  sheep. 
Freedom  from  a  lazy  shepherd. 
Get  all  the  best  works  on  sheep. 
Get  a  thorough  knowledge  from  them. 
Get  a  good  sheep  shed. 
Get  bucks  of  the  best  breeds  for  crosses. 
Get  all  the  manure  possible  from  sheep. 


We  give-  an  illustration  of  the  Scotch  Colly 
Shepherd  Dog  on  page  3.  They  are  of  medium 
size,  verv  gracefully  shaped,  and  have  long, 
silky  hair.  Thev  are  noted  for  their  great  intelli- 
gence and  affectionate  dispositions.  They  are 
valuable  in  herding  sheep  and  driving  cattle 
and  can  be  taught  many  other  useful  haliits. 
The  subject  of  our  Illustration,  "Bobby"  was 
imported  by  Jlr.  W.  Atlee  Burpee,  the  noted 
seedsman  aiid  live  stock  dealer  of  Philadelphia, 
who  brought  him  from  Scotland,  while  on  one 
of  his  numerous  trips  abroad. 


MERINO   SHEEP. 


Our  illustration  on  page  2  represents  the  ram, 
"Vengeance,"  (3.1)  Missouri  Register.  He  was 
.sired  by  H.  S.  Brookins  "Rip  Van  Winkle,"  the 
heaviest  shearing  ram  ever  in  Vermont.  W/i 
pounds  Vengeance  sheared  at  a  public  shearing 
April  2nd  188.5,  <!iV„  pounds.  We  are  indeb.ted  to 
Mr.  H-  Y.  Pugsfey  of  Plattsburg,  Mo.,  for  cut 
and  description. 


Grind  ^r.rBenf,  Meal,  Oyster 

Shells  a  Corn^;i;il*i?^!^^f*: 

Pal.  Ill  1.  1<K>  iK-r  ri'iir.  iiu.r.'  iiiuil-- 
in  kccpiiiu  iMMilrrj.  Al>:i>  Power 
^\\\U  aiKl  liii-iii  Kvcd  Mills. 

i'irrulnrn  tutd  Ttstiiiioiuuls  si  nt  on  ajiplication. 

'WILSON  BROS.,  EASTON,  PENNA. 


Chester  White.  Berk-  pTrj-C 
shire  and  Poland-China  i  -l-\X»J| 

Fiiic  Sf  tttT  l^otri**  >fi>tt'li  ColMos, 
F«v  llo«ii«l«un(l  Itviiiile*.  Klit'Cp 
itiiil  I'oultrj.  l-'K-il  tiiul  lor  sul-^  L-y 
W.  GIBBONS  &  CO.,  West  Ches;er, 
riifstei'  t'liiiiiiy,  Pt'iin-^ylviiiiia. 
for   Circular  and  Price    List. 


lESTAULISKKI*  1^50. 

H.  J.  BA-KEFJ.  <Sc  BRO., 

215  Pearl  Street,  New  York. 

AA  Ammoniated  Superphosphate 

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■WTINXER.  WMEA.T, 

As  WI.-11  lis  lln-  olhi'i    niiui  rmps,       Tli.-    A    A    Aiiinio- 
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SPECIAL  WHEAT  FERTILIZER 

Has  iilsij  ln'i_'ii  ni'tsi  su<-rt*ss|iil  wheri-ver  used. 
J^-!*tENI)  for  l>KStUIl»TlVK  PAI^IPHI.ET-^Sa 


TICKS 


Lice  all  Insect  Pests.  Mange,  Scab,  all  Skin  Dls- 

?^u";-S:-^°!T.w:u;voRS:eai>iino;e!'Md^ 


JEnSuYS  sir.iiii«<>. and 
hii'gf'Nl  lierd  m  Vir 
Hvvinc",  "1'  Hi-Tk^li 
leading  va  ■   ■ 
Addri 


1  -.IIUOP^IIlliK  :iiul 
SOI  Til  l>0\VN  breeds. 

,,,!■■  ..u.l  .Jlt-.v    [ti-i   hi-i'l-       Poultry   'j\   all  iho 
/       CO-OPKUATl\  i:  ST<K  K  f-ARM. 
j  FrcdcricUsbura,  Vlrelnla. 


THE  PNEUMATIC 

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l:.-t:iiii  llii_'  iiaturiU  li'uit  and  vege- 
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1  he  most  rajj^'l  evaporatiun,  with 
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Jlartein  .ALL  WIJ?;E.S.  for  faini  or 
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\Vc'  also  iiKnmla>-nHi>  tlie  best 
Evapoi'alc.rs  lor  niukili'-; 

AFFXti:  JEI.Z.V 

from  (.'iiim-,  williout  !>usy.i*  or  any  for- 
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I  BiePders    aiul    sliipppis    ol    I.>Ifl{OVKI>    STOCK, 
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.(.l,i'iin::a  full  set  of  extra  I    # 
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mumm  horse  power. 


Witti  eitlier  reenlar  inriine  or  level  troad  tr:iok.  Iki.; 
tlip  «iniplp*t   iinri   most    oiImS.-tiI  doveruor  miolo.    To 
DOYLESTOWN  JUNIOR  THRESHER    AlJO    CLEANER    loo    i 
superior.    For  Illiislraod  i  ■:.i;ilo'_'nc,  aflilro«s  «olo  oi.iiui- 
facturer,   OANIEL  HULSHIZER,  Ooylestown.  Bucks  Co..  Pa. 


THE    FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


rtl5r;HJiror»iLlMr>C:nffAT,T,   RrarrTmc:'  ""*y  than  to  cut  down  or  grub  up  all  the  worth-    and  also  must  not  be  so  closely  planted  as 
\JI.\^3tii\i-^U  ftl^LU  OMftULI   r  ii^Ul'i'O    less  kinds,  and  plant  no  more.    This,  we  think,    keep  Out  the  warm  suns.    The  pear  is  such 
Qmdiicfed  by  Eli  .lliiirli.  Shiloh,  N.  J. 


DOWNING'S    EVER-BEARING    MULBERRY. 

We  give  a  cut  oia  much-neglected  fruit.  Dowu- 
ing's  Ever-bearing  ilulberry,  which  originated 
from  the  seed  of  the  ilulticauls,  at  Newburg, 
^I.  Y.  Mr.  Downing  says  of  this  mulberry  :  "The 
tree  is  very  vigorous  and  very  productive,  and  is 


wftrthless  as  a  keeper.    All  fruits  vary  with  soil 

and  climate,  and  become  valuable  or  worthless 

as  atlected  by  surrounding  conditions.    Thus  it 

surpassed  by  none  except  the  Black  English,  and  |  often  happens  that  some  varieties  do  well  certain 

*i-„  ,...1 ,.  ^.__   _      ,.  seasons    and    fail,    and    again    become    fruitful. 

These  changes  are  often  sudden  and  itnaccounta- 
ble.    How  then,  are  we  to  tell  what  will  be  the 
valuable  or  worthless  kind?    Some  varieties  of 
fruit  are  often  worthless  from  their  habit  of  over- 
bearing: the  fruit  in  such  cases  is  so  small  as  to 
be  worthless.    Others  are  very  light  bearers, 
and  the  fruit,  from   that  cfaise,  is  so 
\  tine  as   to  bring   such    extra 

prices  jis  to  make  the 
variety    very 
profitable. 


to 
pear  is  such  an 
would  get  at  the  root  of  the  evil.  But  the  Ques-  enormous  bearer  that  it  cannot  ripen  in  good 
tion,  "What  are  the  worthless  kinds?  "  is  a  more  j  condition  all  its  fruit,  and  thinning  it  must  be 
serious  one  to  answer.  While  the  Baldwin  is  practiced.  By  so  doing,  the  flavor'and  quality  of 
valuable  for  the  Xew  England  Slates,  Northern  the  pear  is  greatly  improved.  The  way  the  pears 
Michigan,  and  New  York,  yet  farther  south  it  is  i  are  grown  and  ripened  will  account  for  the  great 
otily  a  fair  late  summer  or  early  fall  apj^le,  and  |  diversity  of  opinion  regarding  it.     We  believe 


possesses  the  same  ric.i,  subacid  flavor.    It  t'oiv 
tinues  a  long  time  in  bearing.    Fruit  oylindricnl. 
an  inch  and  a  quarter  long,  and  nearly  half  an 
inch  in  diameter,    f'olor  a  maroon  or  an  Intense 
blue-black  at  full  inatiirlly.      Flesh  .juicy,  rich, 
and  sugary,   witli  a  slightly  vinous  flavor.    It 
continues  in  bearing  a  very  long  time."    The 
Downing    is  called    ev<'r-bearing    because    I  he 
berries  begin  to  riiien  in  July,  soon  after  cher- 
ries, and  bears  very  freely  and  ripens  con- 
tinuously for  a  long  time.     The  berries  are 
usually  not  picked,  lint   allowed  to  fall  on 
clean  grass  as  tliey  ripen,  atid  are  usccl  for 
the  table  or   culinary   luirposcs.     The   - 
Downing  has  the  advantage  of  the  Black 
English,  it  bei.ng  hardy  in  a  cold  winter, 
and  being  also  a  better  gj'ower,  and  not 
liable  to  canker,  which  are  some  of  the 
drawbacks  of  the  Biack  English.    It 
is  not  as  hardy  ;is  we  wish,  and  can 
not  be  safely  planted  in  iH  sections. 


cutting  back  the  rampant  growth  of  the  Kiefler, 
as  is  done  in  the  peach,  will  largely  increase  the 
size  and  improve  the  quality.  We  hope  our 
friends  will  try  our  recommendation  on  a  few 
trees  and  write  us  the' result. 


FRUIT    NOTES. 


We  have  received  of  Mr.  Jihn  G. 
Burrow,  of  Flshkill,  N.  Y..  a  Down       _ 
Ing  grape  for  trial.    The  vine  is  grow- 
ing finely  and  appears  to  be  a  strong 
grower.    The  grape  is  described  as  be 
ing  a  most    cxielleiit  and    desirable 
large   one.    Its    k<'epliig    i|ualitles    are 
said  to  be  remarkable,  being  ca-'*ily  kept 
until  after  the  holidays.    We  shall  make 
a  careful  note  of  Ibis  new  and  proinisii>c' 
variety.  We  are  also  testing  two  varictii - 
of  grapes    from   Mr.  P.  .1.    Berckmans, 
■Vugusta,  Ga. ;    the    Peter  Wylle  and    tlic 
Berckmans.    One  a  fine  white  grape,  the 
other  an  excellent  red  one.      Both  are  h.v- 
brids.    We  also  have  from  .Mr.  Berckmans, 
for  trial,  .several  varielies  of  apples,  peaches 
and  plums.     We  shall  let  our  readers  ki 
about  them.         

B  S.  Hoxie,  in  W'-xti-rn  niiriil,  writes 
tliat  in  answer  to  a  cliciilar  letter  ,  ^ 

of  his  to    the    nn'inbcrs  of   the        ^^-^^^3^. 
Wisconsin   State   Society  and        >1      ~ 
others  in  the  North-west  in-       J^^'_  -.    -  V 
teresled  in  fruit-growing,' he  '^^^"-    "  ' 
received  very  general  response,    '^^ 
and  finds  the  following  lisi   of     ^    ,    _ 
eight  varieties  best  adapted  to 
Wisconsin,  on  account  of  hardi-     _. 
ness,    proiluctiveness.    and      A 
quality  of  hVnit.  viz.:   Ducii-      ^ 
ess.  Wealthy,  F;inieuse,  Pe-      ■;   -^ 
waukee.    Plumb's     Cider, 
Walbridge,  Tallman,  Sweet 
and  Wolf  River,  oftjieabove 
list,  the  Duchess  and  Wialthy 
are  spokeif   of   as  being   h-nn    \. 
clad.    This  list  is  vei'y  similar    , 
to  the  one  we  gave  siinulime  '^ 
ago.      In  southern    and    smitli- 
western    Wisconsin    tlu-    reports 
are  favorable  to  the  Koni an  stem.  Golden 
Russet,  Fall  Orainie,  Willow  Twig,  and  Red 
Astrachan.  We  advise  nm'  Wisconsin  friends 
to  pay  attention  to  the  above  list,  where  hardy 
apples  are  so  desirable. 


"1 


Under  the  title  of  "  Danger  wide-spread,"  the 
Sural  New  Yorker  says  :  ".From  wlnit  we  saw  on 
a  recent  visit  to  the  coiintr.v,  and  from  numei'ous 
letters  received,  we  are  surprised  and  greatly 
alarmed  at  the  wide-s|iread  distribniion  of  tlie 
canker  worm.  Not  only  are  the  pests  prevalent 
In  New  England  and  in  most  of  New  S'ork,  but 
they  have  spread  into  a  majority  of  the  states 
ami  Canada  as  well.  Thousands  of  orchards  are 
scian-ged  and  bhu'kined  as  tlnrngh  visited  by  fire, 
and  in  others  ten  thousamls  of  trees  are  more  or 
less  bare  of  fol  iage,  as  i  n  winter."  We  are  not  sur- 
prised, neither  are  our  readers  W'ho  reaii  our 
"  Orchard    Insects,  No.  .","    in    our   number   of 


.\t  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Western  New  York 
Horticultural  Society,  the  merits  of  the  Kietfer 
pear  were  discussed.  Mr.  Willard  spoke  highly 
of  the  Kiefl'er  as  a  fine-looking  pear,  selling  well 
in  the  market,  and  of  better  (luality  than  the 
Clargeau.  Mr.  Green  said  he  Sliould  be  scirry  to 
have  the  society  recommend  the  pear.  Mr.  W. 
.\ugust,  1S81,  where  we  "aid  the  canker  worms  ;  Brown  Smith,  of  Syracuse,  said  he  ate  some  last 
were  gaining  headwav  rapidlv:  and  again  last  '  fall,  and  was  surprised  to  find  them  so  good,  and 
Mbv  wesaidoftheeank.'rworm  tluit  "ifnolate  1  agreed  that  they  were  better  than  tlie  Clargeau. 

1  Mr.  Moody  found  them  quite  good.  Mr.  Kllwanger 
had  it  in  his  office  and  uo  tnie  would  eat  it.  Mr. 
Coleman   w-ould    as   soon    have    a    well-ripened 


question 
"  What  ; 
the  worthless 
Kinds?"  still  re- 
mains unanswered. 


frosts  occur,  they  will  be  a  scourge  to  the  apple 
orchards."  We  always  give  our  retidcrs  earlier 
information  of  insect  pests,  and  how  to  reduce 
them. 


Hon.  T.  T.  Lyon,  of  .■South  Haven,  Mich.,  read 
a  paper  at  a  recent   nn'cting  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  Horticultural  > 
rid  of  worthless  fruits.' 


Kiefler  as  a  Bartlett.  Mr.  Hammond  liked  it 
eaten  in  December.  Mr.  ^V.  C.  Barry  called  it  an 
inferifir  ite:n'. —  JIV.s7er/(  Rural. 

These  opinions  aptjear,  coming  as  tl^cy  do  from 

well-known,  practical  fruit-growers,  to  be  very 

iciety,  on  "How   to  get  |  confiicting.  As  we  have  said,  the  Kietfer  pear,  to 

We  know  of  no  better  |  be  of  good  quality,  requires  thinning  severely, 


We  see  the  Sucker  State  strawberry  is  very 
highly  recommended  by  the  Faimer  and  Fruit 
Grower,  of  Anna,  III.  This  berry  appears  to  bear 
a  cold,  unseasonable  spring  better  than  any  other 
variety  in  southern  Illinois,  and  is  giving  the 
best  returns  of  any  for  that  section.  The  cold 
spring  was  disastrous  to  the  tender  varieties. 

We  advise  the  early  picking  and  marketing  of 
peafs.    Early  picking  allows  the  growth  and  ri- 
pening of  the  wood  and  making  buds  for  blos- 
soms the  coming  year.     The  fruit  is  not 
only  better  in  quality  for  being  picked 
early  and  house-ripened,  but  the  tree 
will  give  a  better  crop  and  finer  fruit 
ij^      the  following  year.    The  prices  for 
early  shipments  are  also  better. 

The  Salome  apple  seems  to  be 
growing  in  favor  in  Illinois,  be- 
ing ^ery  hardy,  productive,  and 
a  long  keeper.  'The  apple  is  of 
very  good  quality,  size  only  me- 
dium, color  from  n  light  to  a  dark 
red  or  nearly  so.  Bears  well  annu- 
ally, but  more  heavily  alternate 
years.  Keeps  well  until  May  or 
even  June.  The  Western  Rural 
s;iys  in  the  issue  of  June  1.3th,  that 
sajnples  received  at  that  office 
lYoin  Mr,  A.  Bryant,  were  then  as 
sound  as  bullets,  and  gave  evi- 
dence ol  being  good  keepers. 

The    rose    bugs,  with    lis,  have 

very  mateuially  injured  the  fruit 

prospects,  of  some  varieties  they 

have    consumed  all  the   young 

fruit,  while  other  varieties  have 

suffered  more  severely  in  foliage.      We 

pe  next  year  to  be  able  to  spray  our 

fs  with  arsenic,  and  materially  reduce 

nemy.    (irapes  and  cherry  trees  suH'er 

also  from   their  attacks,  and  the  foliage  of 

me  varieties  of  apples,  such  as  Hyde's  Keeper, 

:ire  almost  stripped  by  them.  We  find  them 

partial  to  the  Ibliage  of  only  a  few  varieties 

of  apples. 

"u.       August  is  a  good  month  to  pinch  back 
blacklH-rries  and  raspberries  that  grow 
too  freely.    If  kept  in   check  the  canes 
will  grow  stalk.v  and  well-branched, will 
ripen  up  tlieir  wood  very  thoroughly, 
and  be  In  tine  condition  to  withstand 
the  winter.    Do  not   pinch  back  over- 
grown canes  too  freely  late  in  the  season, 
for  a  new  and  tender  growth  will   f(y;m 
which  will  be  sure  to  winter-kill.  Wnen 
blackherries  and  rasplierries  are  cut  back 
as  we  advised  last  month, very  little  if  any 
staking  will   be  required,  and  a  crop  of 
tine,   large  berries  will    be    assured  next 
\-ear.    There  is  no  use  in  allowing  a  long 
cane  t<»    lorni,  the   end    of  which  will    be 
winter-killed,  and  when  in  bearing  will  fall 
~     on  the  grouml  for  a  want  of  support,  and 
produce  only  a  few  small,  sandy  berries. 

It  was  recommended  to  the  members  of  the 
N'ew  Jerse.v  State  Horticultitral  .Society  to  try 
carbolic  acid  for  the  grape  rot.  The  propcf  pro- 
portions recommended  were  one  ounce  of  car- 
bolic acid  (crude), -to  be  dissoU^d  in  five  gallons 
of  waltir,  and  as  s<jon  as  the  rot  appears  spray 
the  vines  with  it.  The  grape  rot  is  due  to  a  fun- 
gus tliat  rapidly  spreads  when  conditions  are 
fa\<irable,  and  rots  the  grape.  It  is  claimed  that 
carbolic  acid  is  fatal  to  fungoid  growths,  and  will 
destroy  them.  Those  of  our  readers  who  can  we 
hope  will  try  this  easy  experiment  and  report  to 
us  whether  the  use  of  carbolic  aciil  is  of  any  bene- 
fit in  the  grape  rot.  We  do  not  believe  it  will  be 
of  an.v  practical  use  in  the  vineyard.  The  exper- 
iinent  is  so  easily  tried,  we  hope  to  see  it  made 
and  reported. 

The  Gardener's  Monthlii,  in  a  recent  number, 
says  that  the  yellows  of  rlie  peach  occur  in  pot- 
ash soils  as  well  as  in  soils  poor  in  potash  :  also 
that  the  yellows  always  appear  to  aft'ect  peach 
trees  that  grow  in  wood-pile  dirt.  We  beg  leave 
to  differ.  The  finest,  largest,  and  longest-lived 
peach  trees  are  always  found  in  soils  richest  in 
potash.    In  such  soils  the  yellows  will  usually  be 


THE    FARM    AND   GARDEN. 


found  to  be  the  work  of  the  peach  borer,  aod  not 
the  ordinary  yellows.  "We  find,  in  every  ease  we 
examine,  that  peach  trees  grown  in  wood-pile 
dirt  are  the  healthiest  trees.  We  liave  seen  very 
many  of  them,  and  never  saw  the  yellows  among 
them.  Peach  trees  come  up  freely  around  the 
logbanks  of  saw  mills,  and  in  tlie  bark,  chips, 
and  rotten  wood,  and  are  always  healthy.  The 
supposed  fungoid  of  the  peach  yellows  is  not 
bred  from  the  fungus  of  rotten  wood,  as  the  po- 
tato rot  may  be  produced  from  it. 

No  better  season  to  cut  off  water  sprouts,  suck- 
ers, and  small  limbs  from  all  kinds  of  fruit  trees 
than  August.  Such  is  the  growth  of  the  tree  in 
August  that  few  new  suckers  are  reproduced, 
and  when  once  cut  off  the  job  is  done  for  good. 
Cut  at  any  other  season,  the  sprouts  are  rapidly 
reproduced,  and  the  work  is  all  to  do  over  again. 
It  is  only-  with  difficulty,  at  other  seasons,  that 
such  suckers  and  sprouts  can  be  subdued.  We 
do  not  advise'the  cutting  ofi'  of  large  limbs,  for 
the  reason  that  trees  will  not  stand  such  butcher- 
ing in  August,  and  all  large  limbs  are  to  be  left 
for  winter  or  spring  pruning.  For  thu  cutting  oft 
of  all  small  branches  and  thinning  out  tops,  no 
other  month  is  so  desirable.  Cut  all  the  water 
sprouts  and^suckers  closely,  and  do  not  bruise  or 
injure  the  bark  of  the  tree. 

"We  find  the  U.  S.  Entomologist,  recommends 
the  preparing  of  insecticides  with  what  appears 
to  us  to  be  too  large  a  proportion  of  poison  to  the 
other  materials  used.  The  proportion  of  Paris 
green  is  given  as  three-fourths  of  a  pound  of 
Paris  green  to  20  pounds  of  flour,  or  tlie  same 
amount  to  40  gallons  of  water,  when  used  in 
spfaying.  With  such  large  proportions  the  foli- 
age will  be  injured,  and  oo  better  result  will  fol- 
low than  if  50  pounds  of  flour  or  lOO  gallons  of 
water  are  used.  Use  weaker  solutions  and  spray 
more  thoroughly.  The  department  also  recom- 
mends one-fourth  of  a  pound  of  hellebore  with 
one  gallon  of  water.  We  recommend  one  heap- 
ing tablespoonful  to  two  gallons  of  water,  which 
will  be  found,  in  practice,  the  proper  proportion. 
The  llurul  New  I'orAc?' uses  one  heaping  table- 
spoonful  of  hellebore  and  two  of  alcohol,  and 
that  used  with  two  gallons  of  water. 

The  Farmer's  lieview  says  >  "  Pear  blight  is  Hk^ 
source  of  much  annoyance  to  fruit-growers.  Of, 
late  years  it  has  been  recommended  to  seed  down 
a  pear  orchard  to  grass  as  a  preventive  of  blight.'' 
The  editor  of  the  Oermnntotvu  Teteyraph  says: 
**  We  never  had  a  tree  to  blight  in  grass,  though 
they  were  of  all  ages,  from  three  years  up  to  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  of  al»ont  ten  va- 
rieties, while  scarcely  a  year  passes  in  whii-h  we 
do  not  lose  one  or  more  by  blight  in  cultivated 
ground."  We  first  saw  grass  mentioned  as  a  pre- 
ventive of  blight  in  our  columns  in  May,  1S81, 
and  more  fully  by  T.  V,  Munson,  of  Denison, 
Texas,  in  our  June  number  of  last  year.  We  arc 
glad  to  see  that  the  information  we  gave  our 
readers  at  that  time  has  been  so  fully  wrought 
out  by  the  experience  of  so  many  practical  gr<.)w- 
ers.  We  seldom  advance  new  theories,  and 
should  not  then  have  done  so,  had  it  not 
been  so  forcibly  proved  to  us  by  repeated  observa- 
tion of  the  advantage  of  the  plan  to  which  we 
gave  circulation. 

We  see  advised  the  use  of  bottles  filled  with 
sweetened  water  hung  in  the  trees  to  entrap 'the 
Codling  Moth.  The  time  is  wasted  in  all  such 
experiments.  The  Codling  Moth  belongs  to  the 
ratbCv'  intelligent  orderof  insects,  and  knows  the 
ditlerci'cc  between  a  sweet  apple  and  a  bottle  of 
eweetenod  water.  They  are  not  taken  in  by  it. 
We  saw  i ^commended,  a  few  years  ago,  the  use 
of  sweeten.'id  corn  cobs  hung  in  plum  trees  to 
entice  the  cv'rculio  to  lay  their  eggs  on  them  in- 
stead of  the  plum  ;  when  by  burning  the  cobs  the 
eggs  would  be  destroyed.  We  saw  in  some  plum 
trees,  when  traveling,  almost  as  many  corn  cobs 
tied  as  there  were  supposed  to  be  curculios.  The 
curculious  from  being  so  long  in  the  business  of 
stinging  plums,  know  at  once  that  a  fraud  was 
being  perpetrated  on  them,  and  stung  the  plums 
as  usual.  We  hopetheclassof  intelligent  writers 
will  increase,  and  all  quack  nostrums  we  see  g*>ing 
the  rounds,  like  tramps,  and  equally  as  worthless, 
shall  be  consigned  to  the  waste  basket,  where 
they  properly  belong. 

We  earnestly  advise  in  sections  where  there  is 
any  danger  of  fruit  trees  winter-killing,  that  the 
trees  be  cultivated  not  later  than  July.  If  weeds 
start  or  if  the  grass  is  troublesome,  and  clean 
culture  desirable,  use  a  hoc  to  era<lieate  them. 
Do  not  loosen  the  ground,  but  scrape  the  surface. 
The  boe  needs  to  be  sharp,  and  the  surface  soil 
only  skimmed  over.  Later  and  deeper  cultiva- 
tion makes  a  late  growth  of  new  and  soft  wood 
that  does  not  ripen,  and  will  either  winter-kill  or 
be  so  much  injured  by  the  severity  of  winter  that 
the  grain  of  the  wood  will  be  ruptured  by  freez- 
ing and  thawing.  The  imni;iture  wood  being 
Cull  of  sap,  the  injury  will  be  so  great  that  in 
.spring  the  flow  cannot  take  place,  as  the  cells 


apd  fibre  are  so  destroyed  that  a  stagnation  of 
the  sap  occurs,  and  blight  follows,  which  injures 
the  tree.  Make  all  the  wood  you  can  early  in  the 
season.  L-aler  check  the  growth  and  ripen  the 
wood,  and  your  trees  will  be  hardy  and  not  so 
.liable  to  scalds  and  blights  the  following  spring 
and  summer. 

We  see  going  the  rounds  of  our  exchanges,  the 
recommendation  of  a  "  Connecticut  Farmer  "  to 
rid  the  orchards  of  the  canker  worms  by  the  use 
of  bands  coated  with  some  sticky  substance,  like 
printers'  ink.  This  entraps  the  wingless  females 
in  their  ascent  of  the  ti-ee  to  lay  their  eggs.  It 
looks  very  well  on  paper,  but  in  practice  will  sel- 
dom be  found  useful.  The  females  of  the  baring 
canker  worms  are  often  found  ascending  the  trees, 
on  a  warm  day,  as  early  as  February,  if  a  thaw 
occurs,  and  when  the  ink  ishardened  by  cold  the 
female,  which  will  endure  freezing,  will  easily  pass 
over  the  surface,  ascend  the  tree,  and  lay  their 
eggs  wiiicli  are  not  hurt  by  cold  weather.  The 
young  worms  are  often  all  sweptotf  by  cold  spells 
following  their  batching.  "Connecticut  Farmer" 
also  says:  '* There  are  two  broods  each  year,  and 
the  bands  should  be  used  in  May  and  again  in 
August."  What  nonsense  the  poor  larmer  is  en- 
tertaine'd  with!  The  canker  worm  is  batched 
and  fully  grown  in  May,  at  the  time  when  he  ad- 
vises the  use  of  bands  to  keep  the  eggs  from  being 
deposited.  There  is  but  one  brood  in  a  year  of 
the  spring  or  fall  canker  worm.*  Both  appear  at 
once  in  the  spring.  The  Fall  species  lay  their 
eggs  usually  in  October  and  November,  often 
during  freezing  weather,  not  in  August  of  the 
Connecticut  Farniar. 


Our  esteemed  and  valuable  contemporary,  the 

Westei^n  Rural,  says  somebody  in  the  East  has 
been  criticising  some  of  the  excellent  results  of 
Mr.  Peter  M.  Gideon's  experiments  in  apple  cul- 
ture, and  that  Mr.  Gideon  has  sent  to  the  Home 
Farm  a  red  hot  rci)ly.  Wu  have  not  seen  the  re- 
ply of  Mr.  Gideon,  and  do  not  know  of  what  he 
complains.  We  know  of  no  ojie  in  the  East^who 
does  not  give  Mr.  Gideon  all  the  credit  he  is 
justly  deserving,  and  who  does  not  lielieve, 
I  with  the  Western  ICnraf,  that  he  is  certainly  enti- 
'  tied  to  his  country's  gratitude.  We  do  know 
that  Minnesota  has  not  done  fairly  by  Mr.  Gid- 
eon, M'ho  lias  s;Lcriliced  i1drty~one  yearn  of  me  best 
of  liis  life  to  promote  her  pomological  interests. 
Mr.  Gideon  struggled  not  only  with  the  climate, 
to  make  Minnesota  a  fruit-growing  iState,  but 
also  against  poverty,  and  spent  all  the  little 
means  he  iiad  to  solve  the  problem  of  fruit-grow- 
ing for  that  section.  Has  Minnesota  done  him 
justice?  Has  the  State  given  him  the  b<jnors  to 
which  he  is  justly  entitled?  Way  Mr.  (iideon 
allowed  to  once  represent  the  State  at  any  of  the 
pomolo;L^ical  exhibitions  either  at  Richmond, 
Philadelphia,  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City,  or  New  Orleans?  He  was  compelled 
not  only  to  wrestle  with  poverty,  but  also  to  see 
others  till  the  place  he  was  justly  entitled  to  fill, 
and  gain  the  information  he  so  eagerly  desired 
to  aid  him  in  the  pursuit  of  the  problem  to  which 
he  luul"  devoted  the  energies  of  so  many  years. 
We* did  not  see  Mr.  Gideon  at  the  pomological 
exhibit  at  New  Orleans  as  much  as  we  desired. 


for  no  one  could  have  done  her  more  ht^nor.  We 
met  Mr.  George  P.  Pefler,  of  Wisconsin,  who 
has  done  for  that  State  something  as  Mr.  Gideon 
has  for  Minnesota,  and  Wisconsin  honored  her- 
self in  naming  Mr.  Pefler  to  represent  her  at 
New  Orleans.  To  our  mind,  when  we  met  that 
sturdy  representative  of  Wisconsin  pomology, 
whose  face  was  bronzed  by  exposure,  and  his 
hand  hardened  by  toil.  The  hearty  shake  of 
it  struck  us  that  Wisconsin  had  sent  one  who 
did  her  more  honor  and  her  pomological 
interests  a  better  representation  than  could 
have  been  done  by  all  the  political  favorites  or 
dudes  that  she  could  produce.  We  learn,  with 
regret,  that  Mr.  Gideon  proposes  to  leave  Min- 
nesota, feeling  that  the  State  has  not  done  him 
justice.  We  duly  appreciate  his  sacrifices  for 
her  pomology. 

COMMENTS    FROM   THE    PEOPLE. 

Harry  Metters,  Olyphant,  Pa.:  "I  have  learned 
more  than  five  times  the  cost  of  your  paper  from 
the  three  numbers." 

Mrs.  R.  E.  Baldwin,  Tionesta,  Pa.:  '*  I  like  The 
Fakm  and  Garden  very  much,  as  it  has  such 
entertaining  instruction  and  information  on 
just  such  subjects  as  we  need  to  know  about.  I 
take  solid  CLiiiiort  reading  it,  although  I  have  no 
means  of  gratilyin^  my  love  of  farming,  only  in 
rearing  and  caring  for  a  few  fowls." 

J.  W.  Olds,  Petersburg,  111.:  *'I  find  since  my 
Farm  and  Garden  ceased,  that  it  was  one  of  the 
brightest  and  best  papers  that  comes  to  my  read- 
ing table,  and  I  cannot  do  without  it." 

W.  B.  Affleck,  Chamberlain,  Dak^  "  I  wish 
The  Farm  .\nd  Garden  could  be  pushed.  -  It  is 
an  invaluable  little  magazine.  Everybody  that 
either  farms  or  gardens  for  profit  should  take  it. 
It  is  pure,  interesting,  and  wonderfully  instruc- 
tive." 

Orville  Bassett,  Springfield,  III.:  *'I  think  your 
paper  is  the  best  paper  printed  of  the  kind,  and  I 
have  carefully  distributed  all  the  i)apers  you 
have  sent  me,  among  the  farmers  that  go  by  my 
place." 

Mrs.  L.  E.  Brubaker,  Uniontown,  Md.:  '*  My 
roses  arrived  safely  about  a  week  ago.  They 
were  in  excellent  condition,  unsurpassed  by  any 
I  have  yet  received  by  mail,  and  I  think  every 
one  will  grow.    Please  accept  my  thanks." 

Henry  S.  Stipp,  Watsonville,  Cal.:  *'  The  Farm 
AND  Garden  is  a  most  welcome  and  highly  ap- 
preciated visitor  around  our  hearthstone,  and  we 
await  its  kindly  and  monthly  greetings  with 
anxious  and  fond  expectancy.  Long  may  it  live 
to  cheer  and  instruct  its  many  admiring  friends 
and  patrons." 

(  Miss  E.  "V.  Callendine,  Fowlers,  W.  Va.:  "  Your 
letter  with  enclosure  received,  for  which  accept 
my  thanks  I  feel  quite  proud  t«  think  I  was 
one  of  the  lucky  ones  in  winning  the  gold.  I  am 
•so  M'cll  pleased,  I  will  feel  lilce  working  for  such 
a  reliable  firm  again." 

John  J.  Dwyer,  Plymouth,  Pa.:  "The  Farbi 
and  Garden  pleas»?s  me  very  much.  It  is  a 
'daisy.'  Long  may  it  live.  It  may  come  at  the 
eleventh  hour,  but  it  is  never  too  late  to  do  good. 
1  have  enlisted  with  you  for  life." 


Orders  for  our  special  Strawberry  Number 
(April,  188.5,)  can  be  promptly  tilled.  Send  five 
cents  in  stamps. 


Please  Tiimtion  THE  FARM  AND  GARDEN. 


CIDER 


MAKERS 


Should  nentlbr  our  NEW  CDCr 
1 88S  OATALOeUE  msiledr  11 L  t 

Boomer  &  Bosclifrt  Press  Co.  Syracuse, S.  Y 


A  dT?'WT'C  Wantetl  on  Snlnrv  or  roniini«(8ion. 
A.UrXil'V  AO  jas.  E.  Whitney,  NurserVman,  Rochesler.  N.Y. 


Strawberry.     Rasn^erry,     Blackberry. 
Currants.  Grapes. 


rlhoro.  Kurly  t'luw- 
ira,  Comet.  Kleffep, 
Semi  for  tata- 


-Mt-r.  1:11.  Si; 

^  Pe.ich  r. 


'"^rJOHN  S.COLLINS, 


CIDER 


;>i  I  I.I.S.  (;  1!  A  IN  DKIl.I.S. 
rOKN    l»  I,  A  NT  K  us.     SPK- 
t'l  AI.TI  i:s.    s.iiil  liii  IlUisUaled 
Caliiloiiue.  A.  IS.  I'"  AUIJIII AU.  VOIMv,  I'A. 

~I)IXIE  PATENT  DUPLEX 

PEACH  STONER. 

Willi  one  hIi-oUc  «I  Ibe  lever,  tliis  iiincliiiie  ^vill 
linlve  >he  |ie:ich.  witlmut  wHste,  niid  remove 
the  Mtf>iie  from  e  i  t  h  <•  r  fi-ec  or  cMng-^ttone 
liearlies,  leaving  ilie  fruit  in  liue  cuuditioii, 
i'ea<ly  for  evaiMHaiiiiu. 

They  are  well  con^ii  iNUii— entirely  of  iron  or  steel; 
luiveaquick  and  fasy  Tiii>\'fiiifnt  ;  :ire  not  liahiPto  in- 
jury or  to  pft  oiil  oi'  inpaii-.  iUMl  sii|j|)ly  cotnpli-tcly  a 
want  lorn;  felt  anionu'  iifaili-^rniuris  e  v  e  r  v  vv  li  tr  »■. 
AGKNTS  WANTEIJ.  K«.i-  .-ircnlai-s.  atidri'ss  ih.-aolc 
iiianufaclurer,  Robt.  Biitterworib,  Trenton,  N,  J, 


GRAPE; 


FINES— Po'keepsie,  Red  Ulster, 
Proliflc.  MA<;AI{A,and  other 
">iiaiiil  jteir  rar**-/ !>,,;, Strawberries, 
Blackberries  ItlAKI.HOKO  & 
"^^^  "*  ™™  "  *^  ^^  other  Raspberries.  Catalogue /rea 
JUIiL,  HOKNKK  &,  ■«iON,  i>|gr.liaiitvilli-.  N.  J. 


TUP    RDCAT^'EW  QUINCE.   "MEECH'S  PRO- 

inC    UriLHlLiriC."    SendtorCirmlar.    Largest 

stock  ol  .>liillM-i-r}  iiitht'  country.     Catalou'iies  Free, 

HAWCE  &  BORDEW,  Rumson  Nurseries,  RED  BANK.  N.  J. 


I 


Nl AGARA  WHITE  GKAPE.  MARLBOKO  Ha     berry. 
H.  S.  Akderbon.  Union  Springs.  N.YfCatab-.^je.rrf  e 


Locust  Grove  Nurseries. 

Choice 'I'lees.  A'ijMs  ;iiiii  Plains.  Ail  Uie  new  varieties. 
Mancliesler  .straw  I'en  i.s,  Hansejl  Itaspberries,  Kieflfer 
Pear  Trees.  Pejirli  Tr.-c.-.  :i  specialty.  Large  stock 
and  low  prices.    Semi  l.tr  .inLilar  Tu 

J.  ItltAY,    It  I'll  Knnk    N.  J. 

EVAPORATORS. 

S:J..'50.  $6.00.    AND    SIO.OO. 

Semi  tor  circnlar.  EASTERN  MANU- 
FACT'G  CO..  268  S.  Fifth  SI.  Phlla. 


FAIRVIEW  NURSERIES-i««5-^ 

aOO  ACl!  I'S  IN  I'lU  ITTUKKS  AND 

s:>IAI.I,  MM  IT  PLANTS. 
J'2.'5.tttM»  I'rm  li  'li.  es,  choice  Kit  iter  and 
lif  ('(Mill*  I'car  'trees.  Ali  i<imls  of  nur- 
sery slock.  Small  Iruils.  and  OsnKf  Or- 
ange specialties.  Send  lor  price-list.  Ad 
<'"'■''•. I.  PEH KINS.  MOORESTOWN.  H.  J 


PORTABLE  EVAPORATOR 

Will  dry  all  kiinls  i>f  l-'riiit  liainlw<inu-ly  and 

H.  TOPPINC^MARioNi'N^^^       YORK. 


8 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


IlIYE   SlTOGI^. 


ECONOMY    IN    FEEDING. 

It  Is  a  common  expression  that  a  cei-tain  ani- 
mal on  the  farm  does  not  eat  nmch,  and  this  is 
considered  as  an  advantage.    Just  the  opposite 
should  he  desired.    In  feeding  animals,  the  de- 
sideratum is  tlie  conversion  of  food   into  meat, 
milk,  or  butter,  and  the  greater  the  feeding  ca- j 
pacity  of  tlie  animal  the  greater  its  u.sefulness, 
provided  it  m.nmilatcs  its  food.    Like  any  other 
machine,  the  animal  is  intended  to  manufacture  i 
the  raw  product  into  a  commercial  commodity,  ' 
and  tlie  more  of  tlie  raw  product  it  uses  the  bet-  ', 
ter.    We  must  not   overlook  tlie  fact,  however,  ' 
that  some  animals  do  not  give  as  good  results  on 
the  same  quantity  of  food  as  others,  and  it  is 
there  tlie  farmer  must  look.    He  will  then  learn  j 
that  something  depends  upon  the  kind  of  animal 
he  uses,  exactly  as  any  manufacturer  is  afTected  j 
in  his  production  by  the  kind  of  machine  he  I 
uses.  Some  machines  will  perform  twice  as  much  \ 
service  as  others  with  tlie  same  power,  hut  witli 
a  first  class  machine  he  will  not  object  to  the 
power,  if  its  capacity  requires  it  to  be  great.    .\n 
animal  should  be  required   to  give  equally  as 
good  results  for  its  care  as  tlie  macliine  does  to 
the  manufacturer.    It  is  business,  and  does  not 
pay  unless  conducted  on  tht'most  economical  sys- 
tem.   Economy  of  feeding  is  tliat  method  which 
uses  only  those  animals  that  are  capable  of  di- 
gesting and  a.ssimllating  large  quantities  of  food 
—the  larger  the  better,  and  the  animal  that  eats 


but  little  and  produces 
discarded. 


accordingl.v,  sliouhl   be 


THE  GROWTH   OF  YOUNG  STOCK. 

But  few  farmers  use  the  scales  in  determining 
the  ratio  of  growth  among  their  young  stock,  and 
but  few  of  them  can  tell  how  much  a  young  aiil-  j 
mal  ought  to  weiih  at  a  certain  age.  Of  course,  | 
a  very  young  animal  grows  faster  than  wlnn 
further  advanced,  but  up  to  a  parlicnlur  age  it 
■will  increase  more  rapidly  in  weight  than  when 
very  young,  as  It  lias  greater  feeding  capacity. 
Using  live  weight  as  a  comparison,  some  of  the 
thoroughbreds  wlirweigh  a  pound  for  each  day's 
age  if  of  hogs  and  sheep,  and  two  pounds  if  of 
cattle.  lierkshirc  pigs  are  not  uncoinmoii  that 
reach  HUl  pounds  when  three  months  old,  while 
lambs  will  attain  eiiiially  as  higli  weights  if  of 
tlie  large  breeds.  .\  shearling  ram  was  exhibited 
last  season  that  weighed  over  :iilO  ptiuinls,  while 
hogs  cxcee<lcd  that  weight  at  ten  months.  Steers 
sometimes  weigh  l."iiK>  pounds  when  two  years  of 
age,  while  individuals  in  competition  arc  even 
heavier.     • 

Those  who  produce  such  animals  use  the  scales 
often.  They  know  exactly  what  progress  they 
are  making,  and  feed  lor  such  resull.s.  They  com- 
bine the  (|ualities  of  the  /eed  .-ftid  the  hrecrf,  and 
endeavor  to  gel  as  much  as  possible  in  the  short- 
est space  of  time.  Tlicy  l.;ioir  the  breeds  and  use 
them.  They  are  aware  of  the  fact  tliat  some 
breeds  assimilate  more  food  and  give  off  less 
waste  than  others,  and  as  their  motive  Is  to  con- 
vert food  into  a  salabl.-  product,  they  endeavor 
to  do  .so  ipiickly  and  economically.  I''armers, 
therefore,  will  tind  it  to  their  advantage  to  fre- 
quently weigh  the  young  stock,  and  nole  the 
ratio  of  increase  in  weight.  By  so  doing,  they 
will  be  enabled  to  discover  the  cause  of  any  fail- 
ure on  the  part  of  the  stock,  and  to  correct  all 
mistakes.  '1'\>C  time  is  coming  when  no  farmer 
will  be  satistled  with  less  than  two  pounds  a  day 
from  birth  for  his  two-ycarold  steers,  nor  le.ss 
than  a  pound  a  day  for  his  barrows  and  wi'thers 
up  to  one  year  of  age.  .\fter  approaching  matu- 
rity the  gjuiis  arc  not  so  great,  but  previous  to 
that  time  every  young  animal  should  be  pushed. 

STOCK   NOTES. 


Flaxseed  fok  Stock.— Leaving  out  tiie  real 
value  of  Ilaxseed  as  an  al'ticle  oi  luod  for  stock, 
it  will  improve  ail  animals  to  which  it  is  fed  by 
loosening  the  hide,  regulating  the  bowels,  and 
rendering  other  Itinds  of  food  more  palatable  and 
digestible  when  mixed  witli  it.  A  handful  daily 
to  a  horse  or  cow,  will  more  than  return  a  com- 
pensation for  ita  use, 

Ensil.age  and  Coxden.sed  Milk.— The  oppo- 
nents of  ensilage  claimed  that  the  factories  would 
not  use  ensilaged  milk  for  tlieir  tr:Mle,  but  upon 
interrogating  the  manufacturers,  they  admitted 
they  had  no  reason  for  such  prejueliee,  and  tliat 
all  of  them  rejected  the  milk  because  one  of  the 
others  did  so.  Ttiey  admit,  however,  tliat  liiey 
know  notiiing  of  its  qualities. 

L.A.TE  Pigs. — .should  the  sow  come  in  during 
the  warm  months,  feed  heron  slop  composed  of 
scalded  middlings  and  ground  oats,  with  all  the 
grass  and  weeils  she  can  eat.  Keep  the  pigs  grow- 
ing on  the  same  kind  of  food,  so'as  to  have  them 
in  good  condition  by  winter.  They  will  need  but 
little  corn,  which  should  be  given  once  a  day 
after  the  cold  weather  sets  in. 

JliLK  .AND  Bitter  Records.- Although  some 
journals  ridicule  the  great  .yields  on  the  part  of 
individual  cows,  claiming  that  the  value  of  the 
feed  is  greater  than  the  produce,  yet,  it  is  gratify- 
ing to  know  that  our  domestic  animals  have 
attained  a  greater  usefulness,  the  record  indi- 
cating what  ran  be  done  under  favorable-circum- 
stances. Improvcmeiil  is  rapid,  and  the  records 
of  a  few  may  be  general  among  all  in  aii(»tlier 
decade. 

Bi'TTER  In  Family  Use.— If  you  do  not  intend 
to  ship  your  butter,  try  this  method  of  using  it 
on  tlie  table.  As  soon  as  the  oiitter  comes,  draw 
olTthe  buttermilk,  and  add  strong  salt  and  water. 
Give  tlie  churn  a  few  revolutions,  so  as  to  wash 
out  the  buttermilk,  draw  olf  the  water,  take  tint 
the  butler,  drain  ofl  the  water  as  much  as  possi- 
ble, and  place  the  butter  on  the  table  in  the 
granular  state,  wltliout  working  it.  rAll  the 
aroma  will  be  retained,  and  it  will  be  a  perfect 
luxury. 

Judging  by  Color  and  Hair.— Now  that  the 
escutcheon  theory  has  been  eliminated  from  the  | 
Jersey  standard,  the  claim  has  been  made  that  • 
the  milking  qualities  ftf  the  Holstcins  may  be 
known  by  the  light  or  dark  color.  The  sooner 
these  outward  signs  he  discarded,  the  better.  The 
capacity  of  a  cow  depends  on  bet  digestive  organs 
and  the  jiosition  and  structure  of  hermillv  veins 
and  uddci",  anU  Jier  internal  arrangement  luis 
nothing  to  do  with  her  outward  appearances,  so 
far  as  color  is  concerned. 

Feeding  Hay  in  si'.mmkr.- It  may  not  be  gen- 
erally known  that  when- horses  and  cows  are 
kept  on  the  pasture  tor  a  great  length  of  time, 
that  tney  will  gladly  accept  hay  as  a  change, 
especially  ifthe  pastures  do  not  contain  a  variety 
of  grasses.  This  fact  demonstrates  that  tlie 
stock  craves  sonictliing  of  a  dilTerent  character, 
and  should  be  supplied.  .\  poor  pasture  will  not 
alford  sutlieieni  lunirishment  to  mares  an^  cows 
that  are  nursing  their  young,  and  a  liberal  supply 
of  grain  should  be  given  them  at  night. 

Heavy  Wekjiits  of  Oxkords.— In  a  flock  of 
Oxfords  is  a  young  ram  four  months  old,  a  twin, 
that  weighs  13(1  pounds.  We  witnessed  the  weigh- 
ing of  the  lamb,  and  know  his  age.    If,  by  the 
use  of  thoroughbreds,  a  young  lamb  will  reach 
I  130  pounds  in  lonr  months,  which  is  greater  than 
the  weight   of  some    of  the  common  sheep  at 
1  maturity,  is  it  not  unwise  to  claim  that  sheep  do 
'  not  pay  as  long  as  the  common  l*reeds  alone  are 
kept?    It  is  not  unusual  for  the  Oxfords,  Slirop- 
shires,  and    Hainpshires  to  weigh  7.5  pounds  at 
three  months  of  age. 


"What  is  thewoist  thing  about  money,"  asked 
a  Sunday  School  teacher.  "  Its  scarcity  "  replied 
a  boy  promptly. 


A  man  has  no  more  right  to  say  an  uncivil 
tiling  than  to  act  one;  no  more  rlgiit  t«  speak 
rudely,  than  to  knock  a  man  down. 


Avoid  the  .scolding  tone.  The  tired  mother 
may  find  it  hard  to  do  this,  but  it  is  she  that 
will  reap  most  benefit  from  following  the  rule. 


The  way  to  keep  money  is  to  earn  it  fairly  and 
honestly.  Money  so  earned  is  apt  to  stay  by  its 
possessor.  Chance  gains  take  to  themselves 
wings. 


Eli  Perkins  classifies  his  audiences  tlius:— "The 
fldgelyiles,  tlie  intcrruptives.  the  all-attentives, 
the  hard-to-lifts,  the  wont-applauds,  and  tlie  get- 
ui>and-go-outs." 

r>r.  Holland  says :  "The  loafer  lies  about  '  the 
•world  owing  him  a  living.'  "It  owes  him  nothing 
but  a  rough  coffin,  and  a  retired  and  otherwise 
useless  place  to  put  it  in."  — 


"  Woman's  rights  ! "  said  a  man  resentfully^ 
"what  more  do  women  want.  My  wife  bosses 
me,  our  daugliters  bo.ss  us  both,  and  tlie  hired 
girl  bosses  the  whole  famil.v." 


Men  and  women  who  follow  one  single  line  of 
thought  are  always  narrower  in  mind  and  more 
cir<-umscribed  in  powers  than  those  who  have  a 
wider  Held  of  vision  and  larger  culture. 


Said  the  dying  Scotch  Laird  to  his  son  "Jock, 
when  >e  hae  naetliing  else  to  do,  ye  may  be 
sticking  in  a  tree;  it  will  be  a  growing,  Jock, 
when  ye're  sleeping." — Heart  of  Mid-LotMan. 


To  Remove  Rusted  Bolts  or  Xi-ts.- Apply 
kerosene  oil  liberally,  and  allow  a  little  time  for 
it  to  penetrate.  Build  a  little  funnel  of  cla}'  about 
the  nut,  nil  it  with  «i\,  and  allow  it  to  remain  a 
<ew  hours.  

Annual  income  twenty  pounds.  Annual  ex- 
penditure nineteen  pounds  and  sixpence.  Re- 
sult—happiness.  Annual  income  twenty  pounds; 
expenditure  twenty  pounds  and  sixpence.  Re- 
sult—misery.— Wilkiiis  Miraiiliir. 

.Said  Luther:— "That  little  bird  has  chosen  its 
.shelter,  and  is  about  to  go  to  sleep  in  tranquility  ; 
it  has  no  disquietude,  ncllher  does  it  consider 
where  it  shall  rest  to-morrow  night ;  but  it  sits  in 
peace  on  that  slender  branch,  leaving  it  to  God 
to  provide  for  it." 

"What  makes  Mrs.  Jones  so  popular,  I  am 
sure  slie  is  wry  stupid,  aiul  can  hardly  see  be- 
yond her  nose?"  said  onj  lady  friend  to  another. 
"  My  dear,  sharp-sightedncss  is  not  what  makes 
a  person  popular.  It  is  what  Mrs.  Jones  does  not 
see  that  gives  her  popularity." 
t 

The  Sultan  of  Turkey  once  wishing  to  raise 
money  for  traveling  expenses,  gave  notice  that 
all  government  officials,  whose  salaries  exceeded 
a  certain  sura,  would  lor  one  month  receive  only 
half  pay,  the  other  lialf  going  into  the  royal 
pocket.    Who  would  not  be  a  Turk  ! 


Hog  Cholera.— it  is  generally  conccfled  that 
when  hogs  have  plenty  of  gra."is,  they  are  exempt 
from  cholera.  It  is  the  sameness  of  diet  that  has 
heretofore  done  so  much  damage,  and  farmers 
have  learned  a  lesson  therefrom. 

Young  stock.— Calves  and  colts  should  be- 
turned  into  the  pasture  as  soon  as  old  enough  at 
this  season,  us  the  matured  grass  does  not  disor- 
der the  bowelias  is  t  he  case  when  t  hey  are  turned 
upon  the  young  gra.ss  in  the  .spring. 

Breeding  Animals.— The  cliances  are  that  a 
very  fat  animal  will  not  breed.  This  is  true  with 
nearly  all  classes.  Should  they  breed.  l)»»wever, 
the  young  will  he  weak  at  birth,  witlmut  suffi- 
cient vitality  to  help  themselves.  The  cow  is 
kept  down,  by  being  frequently  milked,  to  near 
her  period,  but  mares  should  be  moderately 
worked,  while  sows  and  ewes  must  be  fed  on 
bulky  food,  such  as  grass,  with  no  corn,  and  only 
a  small  allowance  of  grain  of  any  kind.  The 
thoroughbred  animals  are  not  as  good  breeders 
as  the  natives,  owing  to  their  tendency  to  take 
on  fat,  and  hence  great  care  must  he  taken  in 
feeding  them. 


Odds  and  €nds 


Said  John  Wesley,  "  I  dare  no  more  fret  than  I 
dare  curse  and  swear." 


It  is  exceedingly  bad  husbandry.to  harrow  up 
the  feelings  of  your  wife. 


Never  speak  of  a  man  in  his  own  presence.    It 
is  always  indelicate,  and  may  be  offensive. 


Men  who  go  through  the  world  in  armordefend 
themselves  from  quite  as  much  good  as  evil. 


"  I  should  so  like  a  coin  dated  the  year  of  ray 
birth,"  said  a  maiden  lady  to  Jones.  "  Do  you 
think  you  could  get  one  for  me?" 

"  I  am  afraid  not.  Those  vary  old  coins  are  only 
to  be  found  in  collections."  .\nd  yet,  he  cannot 
see  why,  when  lie  met  the  lady  next  day,  she  did 
not  speak  to  him. 


A  Parisian  dancing-master  advertises  a  large 
stock  of  yonng  men  always  on  hand,  well  curled, 
dressed,  gloved,  with  ekiant  manners,  discreet 
and  animated,  to  supply  parties  having  an  un- . 
expected  dearth  of  male  guests.  They  are  to  "mix 
in"  with  the  other  guests  as  distinguished 
.strangers,  the  fact  that  they  are  hired  at  so  much 
a  head,  being  kept  carefully  in  the  back-ground. 


"I  would  not  give  much  for  that  man's  religion," 
said  Whitfield,  "  Where  eat  and  dog  were  not 
the  better  for  it.   . 

Children  can  be  taught  a  thousand  times  more 
quickly,  by  example  than  by  precept,  to  .speak 
kindly,  to  acknowledge  favors,  to  be  thoughtful 
and  generous  toward  the  other  members  of  tlie 
family. 


When  the  celebrated  Dr.  Potts  was  a  clerk  in 
Pliiladelphia,  he  once  carried  a  bill  to  a  Quaker, 
who  hioked  at  the  signature  at  the  bottom  and 
blandly  asked: 

"  What  is  that,  my  friend  ?  " 

"  That  is  my  name,  sir." 

"  What  is  thy  name  ?  " 

"  William  S.  Potts." 

"  Well,  William,  will  thee  plea.se  write  it  down 
here  plainly,  so  that  a  witness  in  court  would 
know  it'?"' 

W.illiam  learned  a  lesson  that  day  he  never 
forgot. 


THE   FARM   AND    GARDEN. 


She  gOULIiI^Y  yAi^D. 


CULLINQ    OUT   THE    STOCK. 

By  P.  jr.  Jarof'S,  Wayne,  lU. 

Tbe  fall  is  the  season  for  culling  out  the  infe- 
rior stock  and  disposing  of  the  surplus.  It  is  a 
very  dithcult  matter  to  go  among  a  flock  and 
select  the  hest.  The  desire  is  to  combine  beauty, 
vigor,  utility,  and  hardiness,  and  in  making  se- 
lections there  will  always  be  found  objections  of 
some  kind  to  the  best  in  the  flock. 

The  proper  way  to  select  the  hens  that  are  to 
be  retained  is  to  first  cull  out  all  that  you  are 
sure  you  will  not  keep,  which  will  leave  the 
better  ones  from  which  to  choose.  This  being 
done,  examine  each  hen 'closely.  In  the  tii'st 
place,  do  not  dispose  of  your  very  early  pullets 
at  all,  if  it  c^n  be  avoided,  as  they  will  be  your 
winter  layers.  Examine  the  combs,  and  give 
preference  to  the  ones  that  are  small,  in  order  to 
avoid  having  them  frosted  in  cold  weather.  Dis- 
card all  that  show  signs  of  scaly  leg,  or  that  are 
so  fat  as  to  be  very  hea^ry  in  the  re.ar.  Choose 
large  hens,  if  possible,  that  are  well  feathered, 
and  especially  if  the  combs  are  red  and  healthy. 
Some  of  the  hens  will  soon  begin  to  moult  or 
shed  their  old  feathers,  which  process  requires 
about  three  months.  The  earlier  they  begin 
moulting,  therefore,  the  sooner  they  will  ^et 
their  new  feathers,  and  if  they  finish  the  process 
before  the  advent  of  cold  weather,  they  will  be- 
gin to  lay  before  winter  sets  in,  and  continue 
doing  so;  but  should  they  be  late  moulting,  they 
may  not  la.v  until  spring.  It  is  best  to  sell  all  the 
bens  that  do  not  moult  before  October.  When- 
ever it  can  be  done,  give  the  early-hatched  pul- 
lets the  preference  over  the  old  hens.  Do  not 
"waste  time  with  those  hatched  after  June,  as  the 
chances  are  they  will  not  lay  before  spring. 

Most  persons  give  a  large  rooster  the  prefer-, 
ence,  which  is  a  mistake.  .-V  medium-sized,  active 
bird  is  better.  Nothing  Is  more  ungainly  than 
clumsiness,  and  if  the  hens  are  large,  a  Leghorn 
or  Dominick  cock  is  better  than  one  from  the 
large  breeds.  The  eggs  will  hatch  better,  and  he 
will  induce  the  hens  to  take  exercise  by  calling 
them  from  one  place  to  another.  It  chicks  are 
desired  next  spring,  for  market,  give  the  prefer- 
ence to  yellow  legs  and  beaks,  as  buyers  are  par- 
tial to  such.  But  it  is  suggested,  however,  that 
some  of  the  best  table  fowls  have  dark  legs,  such 
as  the  I.angshans  and  Houdans. 

Another  point  to  observe  in  hens  intended  for 
winter  laying  is  to  have  them  active.  Hens  that 
squat  around  and  act  in  a  lazy  manner,  will  often 
lay  well  for  a  while,  but  tlie.v  usually  become  too 
fat  for  service  when  confined  during  the  cold 
months.  Always  sacrifice  the  lazy  hens  and 
keep  those  that  are  active.  No  hen  will  possess 
all  the  requisites,  and  something  must  be  sacri- 
ficed, no  matter  how  carefully  one  may  select, 
and  the  judgment  of  the  breeder  must  be  used 
carefully.  First  cull  out  the  inferior  stoclt,  then 
decide  what  you  want,  and  keep  such  as  will 
come  the  nearest  to  that  desire. 


FORCING    YOUNG   TURKEYS. 


The  young  turkey  is  the  best,  but  there  are  few 
persons  who  make  a  specialty  of  forcing  them  to 
attain  great  size,  allowing  them  only  the  range 
of  the  fields  during  the  summer  and  fall.  The.v 
undoubtedly  secure  a  sulflcienc.van  that  man- 
ner, but  turkeys  are  no  exception  to  the  rule, 
and  can  be  made  to  grow  much  faster  and  larger 
when  fed  early  in  the  morning  and  late  at  night. 
When  they  begin  their  work  in  the  morning  they 
are  usually  hungry,  and  do  not  become  satisfied 
until  they  have  foraged  over  quite  a  space  of 
ground.  We  are  all  familiar  with  the  fact  that 
by  vai'.ving  the  food  of  chicks,  and  inducing 
them  to  eat  often,  tliey  will  grow  I'ast.  The  same 
applies  to  young  turkeys.  Give  them  a  good 
feed  in  the  morning,  before  the.v  go  to  the  fields, 
and  they  will  show  the  effects  of  it  until  time  for 
marketing  them.  At  night  they  should  have  a 
good  meal  of  grain.  Size  is  very  desirable  in  a 
turkey,  and  the  difference  of  a  pound  or  two  in 
favor  of  each  member  of  a  fiock  amounts  to.  a 
considerable  sum,  and  pays  well  for  the  expense. 
Late  in  the  season,  after  the  cold  weather  begins, 
fe^d  them  allthe  grain  they  will  eat,  in  order  to 
have  them  as  fat  as  possible,  which  will  also  in- 
crease the  price  as  well  as  the  weight. 


THE    SOIL    FOR    POULTRY. 

On  'jld  fhrms,  where  the  hens  have  had  the  run 
of  the  farmyard  for  years,  there  ',s  gradually  ac- 
cumulated a  certain  amount  of  decomposed  mat- 
ter from  the  drf>ppings,  whicli  is  not  distinguish- 
able from  the  dirt  with  which  it  is  mixed.  This 
condition  is  the  eause  of  gapes  in  chicks  and 
cholera  in  adults,  as  has  been  repeatedly  proved 
by  those  who  have  tried  the  experiment  of  feed- 


ing chicks  on  board  floors,  by  which  means  the  | 
gapes  were  avoided.    We  do  not  allude  to  yards  , 
in  which  fowls  are  confined,  but  the  farm-yards,  j 
in  which  they  are  supposed  to  have  plenty  of  j 
roorn.    Gapes  and  cliolera  are  more  prevalent  in  i 
farm-yards  than  in  the  small  yards  used  for  con-  j 
fining  fowls,  for  the  reason  that  the  small  yards 
are  frequently  cleaned  and  turned  up  with  the 
spade.    If  tfle  farm-yards  could  be  occasionally 
scraped  over,  and  t  hen  thoroughly  sprinkled  with 
a  sohition  of  chloride  of  lime  or    copijeras,  it 
would  do  much  to  prevent  disease.    What  is  bet- 
ter, is  to  mi.x  an  ounce  of  sulphuric  acid  with  a 
bucket  of  water,  and  .sprinkle  the  yards,  but  it  is 
not  as  easily  handled  as  the  chloride  of  lime  or 
copperas  water.    A  pound  of  ciiloride  of  lime  to 
ten  buckets  of  water,  or  a  pound  of  copperas  to 
four  buckets  of  water  will  answer  the  purpose. 

PROTECTION   AGAINST  DEPREDATORS. 

What  is  meant  by  depredators  are  minks, 
skunks,  rats,  owls,  and  hawks.  These  enemies 
cause  greater  loss  to  poultr.vmen  annually,  than 
all  other  difficulties  conrbined.  They  must  be 
avoided^TVt  night  as  well  as  during  the  day.  The 
mink  is  the  most  mischievous,  as  he  will  often 
destroy  a  whole  flock  in  one  night.  He  does  not 
burrow  into  the  coop,  but  usually  finds  entrance 
through  a  knothole  or  some  other  small  opening, 
as  he  is  capable  of  forcing  his  body  tlirough  a 
space  that  would  not  be  supposed  large  enough 
for  that  purpose.  There  should  be  no  openings 
if  minks  are  to  be  avoided.  They  live  near  small 
running  streams,  and  venture  to  great  distances 
in  search  of  prey.  The  skunk  will  also  enter, 
but  only  kills  enough  for  a  present  supply. 
Hence,  when  a  single  fowl  is  found  dead  in  the 
morning,  the  ciiances  are  that  a  skunk  hius  been 
there,  but  if  a  number  are  dead,  it  is  a  mink  or 
weasel.  Rats  do  not  often  kill  adult  fowls,  but 
are  very  destructive  to  the  chicks.  Tliey  will 
not  be  able  to  secure  a  lodging-place,  however,  if 
the  floors  are  not  raised  for  them  to  go  under. 
.Should  board  floors  be  used,  have  them  high 
enough  for  a  cat  or  small  dog  to  go  in  and  out 
under  them. 

At  night  the  onl  will  go  into  the  coop  if  he  can, 
nut  precautions  against  minks  will  ki'cp  the  owl 
out.  The  hawk  does  his  dam.age  during  the  day, 
and  will  even  attack  small  hens.  If  there  are 
plent.\'  of  k>w  bushes  under  which  tlie  chicks  can 
find  shelter,  they  will  be  safe,  but  a.s  the  iiawk 
usuall.v  surveys  the  surroundings  befoie  begin- 
ning work,  he  will  alight  on  a  tree  or  post  for 
that  purpose — the  post  preferred.  Knowing  tlie 
habits  of  hawks,  some  persons  attach  a  trap  to 
tlie  top  of  a  post,  which  is  erected  for  their  special 
accommodation,  and  thereby  secure  them  with- 
out difliculty.       

POULTRY    SCRATCHINGS. 

No\'Ei.TiES. — Frizzles,  liussians.  Silkies,  and 
Sultans  are  poultr.v  novelties,  being  aln\ost  use- 
less except  as  oddities.  For  profit  they  should  be 
avoided. 

The  Nests.— Tbe.se  are  the  pest  houses  in  which 
are  bred  the  lice.  Keep  tobacco  stems  or  refuse 
in  them  always,  which  will  prevent  the  lice  from 
infesting  them. 

Curing  Feathers.— Plate  them  in  a  bag, 
steam  them  thoroughly,  and  then  expose  them 
to  the  sun  in  a  wire-netting  box,  until  well  dried. 
If  they  are  fumigated  with  sulphur,  it  will  be  an 
advantage. 

Peeservisg  Eggs.— As  we  stated  before,  dry 
salt  is  as  good  as  any  material  that  can  be  used. 
Pack  in  boxes,  titrning  the  boxes  twice  a  wee'k, 
in  order  to  prevent  the  yolks  from  setting  to  the 
inner  sides  of  the  shells. 

DRE.SSISG  Poultry.— Kill  by  .sticking  the  fowl 
in  the  throat,  first  hanging  it  up  by  the  legs. 
Pick  while  the  flesh  is  warm,  Singe  off  the  pin 
feathers,  and  immerse  the  bodies  in  cold  water 
for  twelve  hours  before  sending  to  market. 

Geese.— With  the  exception  of  our  common 
breed  of  geese,  all  others  have  the  male  and  fe- 
male alike  in  plumage.  Where  pure  white 
feathers  are  desirable,  the  Embden  serves  best, 
but  for  the  table  a  cross  of  the  Tolouse  and  Emb- 
den  is  better. 

B.\nTAM  Ducks.— The  Call  duck  is  the  bantam 
among  ducks,  and  the  smaller  it  is  the  bet^ 
ter.  Lil^e  bantams,  the.v  should  be  hatched  late, 
in  order  to  shorten  the  time  for  growth.  They 
are  not  as  jirofltaljle  as  the  larger  kinds,  but  are 
very  attractive. 

Nest  Eggs.— Medicated  eggs  are  unneccessarj-. 
Rotten  eegs  should  never  be  used.  Glass  esgs 
are  now  f»bjeclionable.  as  the.v  often  break  the 
eggs  in  the  nest.  There  is  yet  an  opportunit.v  for 
the  invention  of  a  nest-egg  that  will  not  injure 
the  genuine  ones,  such  as  could  I)e  made  of  rub- 
ber or  .some  other  substance  that  yields  to  .sudden 
\  pressure,  and  then  reassumes  its  original  shape. 


Never  Grease  Fowls.— Grease  is  injurious  to 
fowls,  and  the.v  abhor  it.  Many  hundreds  of 
young  chicks  have  been  killed  by  greasing  them 
for  lice.  It  should  not  be  used  in  any  shape  ex- 
cept on  the  lop  of  the  head  and  on  the  legs,  but 
never  on  the  body. 

Veal  for  Poultry.— We  are  informed  by  a 
prominent  poultryman  tliat  he  finds  it  a  cheap 
mode  of  leediug  meat  to  use  young  calves  ttot 
are  sold  to  the  butchers  as  *'  bob  "  veal.  They 
can  be  bought  at  a  very  low  price,  and  answer 
the  purpose  of  poultrymeu  well. 

.Salt  for  Poultry.— The  supposition  that  salt 
kills  chicks  i.s  true,  if  they  are  fed  too  inucli  of 
it,  but  the  fowls  require  salt  as  well  as  animals, 
and  a  small  quantity  should  always  be  given 
them  in  their  soft  food,  especially  where  they 
have  access  to  plenty  of  green  niaterial. 

Brown  Leghorn's.- This  breed  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  we  have,  and  excels  as  layers. 
Tlie  only  objection  to  them  is  their  small  size 
and  large  combs.  Crossed  on  Partridge  Cochin 
hens,  the  progeny  are  among  the  best  for  all  pur- 
poses, being  of  fair  size,  active,  and  good  layers. 

Moulting  Hens.— Feed  moulting  hens  meat 
three  times  a  week,  as  well  as  broken  bones.  Give 
them  a  little  sulphur  once  in  a  while,  and  avoid 
feediiig  corn,  as  they  fatten  very  readil.v  while 
moulting,  though  debilitated  by  the  process,  as 
the  new  feathers  take  up  all  the  phosphates  and 
nitrogen  of  the  food. 

CHE.iP  Foods.— Tliere  is  always  a  quantity  of 
broken  rice,  hominy  refuse,  and  other  waste,  at 
the  grocery  stores  that  can  be  utilized  for  poul- 
^■y,  not  excepting  the  bones  from  meat,  cheese 
parings,  and  stale  bread.  Boiled  rice  and  beans,, 
mixed  and  thickened  with- ground  grain  of  any 
kind,  make  an  e.xcellent  egg-producing  food. 

Late  Ducks.— Ducks  may  'be  hatched  t  h  i  s 
month,  if  desired,  as  they  grow  ver.y  rapidly  and 
sell  well  when  about  four  or  five  months  old.  At 
this  season,  if  tliey  are  left  to  the  care  of  tbe  old 
ducks,  instead  of  to  Jiens,  the.v  will  pick  uji 
nearly  all  their  subsistence,  and  cost  but  ver.v 
little,  though  it  is  best  to  feed  them  once  or  twice 
a  day. 

A  Good  Lice  Powder. — Grind  one  pound  of 
tobacco  refuse  to  a  fine  condition,  and  add  two 
ounces  of  Persian  Insect  Powder.  Mix  thoroughl.v 
and  dust  over  the  chicks.  Persian  Insect  Powder 
alone,  is  better,  but  more  expensive,  while  a 
mixture  of  the  two  will  often  answer  the  same 
inirpose,  with  the  advantage  of  being  much 
cheaper. 

China  Geese.— Though  much  smaller  In  size 
than  some  of  the  other  breeds,  yet  they  lay  a 
larger  number  of  I'ggs  and  hatch  out  a  greater 
proportion  of  goslings.  Being  more  prolific,  they 
compensate  thereby  for  lack  of  size,  and  have 
proved,  themselves  profitable  with  those  who 
have  given  them  a  place  on  the  farm.  There  are 
two  kinds,  the  brown  and  tlie  white. 

Bronze  Turkeys.- The  gobbler,  when  ma- 
tured, should  not  weigh  less  than  25  pounds  and 
the  hen  16  pounds.  They  are  a  brilliant  bronze 
ill  plumage,  and  the  gobblers  should  not  have  a 
trace  of  white  on  any  part.  In  young  birds  the 
legs  are  dark,  but  sometimes  change  to  flesh 
color  in  adults.  The  edging  of  the  featkers  on 
hens  is  generally  a  dull  white  or  gra.v. 

Dark  and  Light  Eggs.— The  supposition  that 
dark-colored  eggs  are  richer  than  those  that  are 
light-colored,  is  onl.v  a  popular  notion.  The  shell 
gives  ver.v  little  indication  of  the  quality  of  an 
egg.  Dark  yolks  are  sometimes  preferred,  owing 
to  the  deeper  color,  but  ver.v  often  the  light-shell 
eggs  will  contain  darker  yolks  than  those  that 
are  dark-colored  on  the  shell,  and  something  de- 
pends also  upon  the  feed. 

About  Buying  Eggs.— No  doubt  our  readers 
have  patronized  the  breeders  tbe  past  season, 
and  in  answer  to  inquiries  in  regard  to  what  may 
be  expected,  we  will  say  that  seven  cliicks  from 
thirteen  eggs  is  considered  a  fair  hatch.  No 
breeder  can  ffriarmitce  his  eggs  to  hatch,  as  that 
is  beyond  his  knowledge.  The  best  he  can  do  is 
to  send  eggs  from  strong,  vigorous  birds.  Much 
of  the  dilficulty  is  .with  buyers,  who  suppose 
because  a  hen  sits  well,  the  eggs  vitist  hatch, 
when,  in  fact,  some  hens  do  not  create  sufTicient 
heat  from  their  bodies  for  t^iat  purpose. 

Cut  Off  the  Cojies.- As  soon  as  the  codes  and 
pullets  .are  four  months  old,  they  may  be  dubbed, 
if  of  tbefeegborn  breed,  or  where  flic  combs  give 
promise  f>f  being  very  large.  To  do  this,  use  a 
shari>  ]iair  of  shearers,  or  a  razor.  Cut  the  comb 
and  wattles  close,  and  bathe  the  partswilh  strong 
alum  water.  Coop  tlie  fowls  until  bleeding  ceases, 
and  aiifiint  the  jiarts  with  wood-tar,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  carbolic  acid  has  been  added.  If  the 
bleeding  is  jirofuse,  sprinkle  fine  pulverized  alum 
over  the  surface  of  the  cuts.  This  process,  though 
j  apiiarentl.v  cruel,  will  save  much  i>ain  to  the 
i  blr^s  during  tlve  winter  from  frosted  combs. 


10 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN., 


©HE    f)oaSBHOLD. 


WHICH    ARE    THE    HAPPIER? 


By  Alice. 


LAYING    BY    IN    STORE. 

By  J.  E.  McC. 


*'0b,  if  my  children  could  only  have  such  ad- 
vantasjfes,"  sighs  a  weary  mother,  as  she  glances 
out  on  a  smoothly-rolling    carriage,   with    its 
coi*ehman    in    livery,  and  daintily  whitc-robed 
children  posingsof^raeefuUy  among  the  cushions, 
as  they  take  their  morning  drive.    Those  vague] 
*' advantages"  seem  something  to  be  had  for  tiie  ( 
taking  if  one    will    but    hand   out  the  needful  ' 
money  in  exchange.  i 

But  facts  seem  to  rarely  bear  out  the  supposi- 
tion. The  world  over,  the  people  of  true  mark 
have  always  been  "self-made."  The  term  itself 
is  n^isleading.  There  are  no  other  young  men  or 
women  worthy  of  ctnisideration  but  tliose  who 
gained  their  places  by  liard  work.  There  is  no 
royal  road,  nor  are  the  pampered  children  of 
luxury  as  happy  as  you  would  suppose,  in  the 
iraidst  of  tlieir  abundance. 

A  little  prince  had  just  recjived  from  one  and 
another  of  his  doting  friends  many  choice  birth- 
"^lay  gifts.  The  very  smallest  and  humblest  would 
have,  no  doubt,  seemed  to  our  cliildreii  eitough  | 
to  fill  to  the  brim  the  cup  i\(  a  child's  happiness.  \ 
But  the  little  boy,  though  courteous  and  thank- I 
ful,  seemed  downcast  and  unhappy.      He  was  I 
asked  the  cause.    Did  not  his  beautiful  presents  1 
please  him  ?   Was  there  something  else  he  would 
prefer? 

**  I  know  what  I  would  like  best  of  all  tlie 
things  in  tiie  world,"  he  said,  **  but  you  would 
not  allow  it,  naamma,"  and  he  looked  Iongingly| 
down  into  the  castle  yard,  wliere  a  group  of 
barefooted  gardener's  cliildren  were  sailing  a  lit- 
tle fleet  of  chips,  after  a  recent  shower.  "1 
should  love  to  go  sailing  boats  with  them.'*  He 
would  have  willingly  sacrificed  all  his  costly  toys 
for  an  hour  of  su<;h  deligbl.  UoUl  and  gems  from 
the  mine  are  cold  and  bard,  compared  with  the 
riches  that  come  in  thft  wake  of  a  summer 
shower. 

■•  Out  from  ilie  eurth  fresh  ndors  I  bring, 
1  till  up  Die  tiil)H  at  the  spout  : 

While  e;iuer  litdiUH-e  lu  the  puildles  I  make, 

■  Tlie  hiire-heiided  child  iiilis  out. 

The  puddles  iire  sweet  icj  his  naked  feet, 
Wheu  the  nfound  is  heated  through." 

Let  us  not  be  too  nice  and  careful,  dear  motlier, 
and  cut  off  unduly  these  small  pleasures.  They 
■can  nev.er  grow  up  but  once. 


OUR   HELP. 

By  Olive. 

If  all  housekeepers  were  as  considerate  as  "a 

working  mother,"  whose  views  are  given  us  in 
June  number,  we  would  not  tind  so  many  poor 
girls  who  must  earn  a  living,  so  opposed  to  earn- 
ing it  by  housework.  The  golden  rule  is  Just  as 
applicable  in  the  case  of  hired  help,  as  it  is  In 
any  other  social  relation.  How  would  we  wish 
to  be  treated,  is  a  question  we  ought  all  u*  ask 
ourselves.  A  haughty,  insolent  style,  such  as 
**  Mrs.  Newrich"  is  apt  to  assume,  is  not  the  kind 
to  win  cheerful  or  good  service,  or  to  impress  any 
one  favorably  with  regard  to  a  hldy's  importance. 
Such  manners  are  never  found  annnig  well-bred 
people.  But  they  can  make  life  in  a  lu>us6  very 
bitter  and  unendurable.  It  is  no  wonder  that 
.girls  are  averse  to  such  service.  ,^^ 

A  good  home-mother  can  make  a  situation 
with  her  very  pleasant,  even  to  the  stnini^er 
within  her  gates:  that  too,  without  any  unsuita- 
ble -familiarity,  which  is  so  subversive  of  all 
respect  and  home  comfort.  A  proper  reticence 
about  her  own  affairs,  is  always  wise  and  best  on 
the  part  of  a  liousekeeper.  The  opposite  course 
always  places  her  largely  at  the  mercy  of  her  un- 
disciplined and  often  unprincipled  helpers,  and 
there  is  no  end  to  the  mischief  often  wrought  by 
such  an  unwise  course.  Yet,  one  may  be  in  a 
sense,  "one  of  the  family,"  on  perfectly  friendly, 
kindly  terms,  her  interests  being  kindly  consid- 
ered without  her  being  taken  to  its  inmost  heart. 
Young  housekeepers,  in  particular,  need  this 
caution.  Too  often,  in  unguarded  moments,  they 
talk  over  family  matters,  which  sliould  be  kept 
secret;  or  make  comments  on  associates,  which 
work  mischief  enough  when  repeated  by  a 
thoughtless  girl. 

A  good  American  girl  in  a  house,  with  whom 
we  can  safely  trust  the  children,  is  indeed  a 
blessing  in  a  household.  It  is  a  blessing  to  a 
working  girl  also  to  have  a  good,  safe  home  in 
which  she  can  earn  her  living,  instead  of  being 
thrown  on  the  tender  mercies  of  a  factory  and 
factory  boarding-hou.se. 

Where  one  has  a  sensibly  educated  '*  friend  "  in 
her  hired  lielp,  like  "  Working-niol  her,"  slu*  may 
well  appreciate  her,  and  make  her  stay  pleasant 
at  the  time,  and  in  remembrance  afterwards. 
More  pf>/i7&Hc.s-A-  towards  help,  would  make  the 
household  machinery  move  much  more  smoothly 
for  all  parties. 


"Apples  in  the  orcliard  niellowiug  one  by  one, 
Grapes  uiid  pears  upnirnint;  auft  cheeks  to  the  sun, 
Mollier's  'doing  peaches  'all  the  afiernoon. 
Don't  you  ihink  that  August's  pleasanter  than  June?" 

Though  the  days  are^o  long  and  the  work  so 
warm  and  wearying,  Let  us  try  and  weave  into 
them  all  the  golden  sunshine  thalVe  can.  It 
will  make  the  bitter  days  of  winter  all  the  more 
bright  and  our  hearts  the  ligiiter,  as  we  go  along. 
The  more  of  paring  and  hulling  of  fruit  that  can 
go  dn  out  of  doors  on  shady  steps  and  under 
trees  in  the  doorj^ard,  the  better;  and  the  more 
the  childrehs'  help  can  be  utilized  the  greater 
the  advantage  to  them  and  you.  There  is  noth- 
ing like  taking  stock  in  an  enterprise  to  give  one 
an  interest  in  it. 

There  is  nothing  that  gives  a  liousekeeper  a 
more  comfortable  feeling  of  available  ric-hes  in 
the  fall  than  sundry  shelves  well  stored  with 
fruits  of  various  sorts,  ready  lor  any  emergency. 
If  siie  is  not  rich  enough  to  put  up  a  home  supply 
for  every  day.  /'ntil  fruit  comes  again,  yet  there 
are  few  who  ca.  lot  eke  out  some  stock  of  tVe 
sort,  either  dried,  i.nned,  or  preserved,  that  will 
help  materially  toward  varying  the  winter's  fare. 

A  poor  woman,  I  know,  dried  a  bushel  of  elder- 
berries last  fall,  wh  ich  she  made  into  pies 
through  the  winter.  Her  children  picked  cher- 
ries on  shares,  which  she  thriftily  canned.  Their 
lot  was  planted  mainly  in  potatoes,  corn,  and 
pumpkins,  and  with  her  two  fat  pigs  in  the  bar- 
rel, the  family  of  eight  lived  on  with  but  little 
suffering,  though  the  father  had  but  little  work 
all  winter.  Other  families  in  similar  circum- 
slances,  with  less  tbrit't,  were  supported  mainly 
by  charity.  So  much  is  there  in  the  wife's  man- 
agement, whether  a  family  shall  live  in  compara- 
tive comfort  or  in  wrelehedness  and  squalor. 

While  you  are  preparing  these  various  stores, 
settle,  once  for  all,  that  no  positively  hurtful 
supplies  shall  go  into  your  store-room.  If  you 
are  satisfied  that  blistering  hot  catsups  and  burn- 
ing spiced  fruits  are  an  injury  to  your  stomacli 
and  to  the  digestion  of  your  household,  do  not 
throw  away  lime  and  labor  upon  them.  You 
can  do  belter.  No  matter  if  "everybody  else 
docs."  That  is  a  weak  argument.  **To  him  that 
knowein  lo  do  good  and  doeth  it  not,  to  him  it  is 
.'in."  Try  and  set  up  a  better  sentiment  among 
your  associates.  ".Just  a  little"  is  too  much  of 
anything  we  know  to  be  hurtful,  as  brandied 
cherries  and  peaches  or  whiskey-pickled  cucum- 
bers. 


MRS.   TRUMAN'S   HIRED    BOY. 


By  Aunt  L'llie. 

"  How  time  is  Hying,"  said  Mrs.  Truman,  glanc- 
ing hastily  at  the  clock.  "How  I  would  like  a 
little  help  just  now.  Ho,  Benny  Biggs!  you're 
just  the  lad  I  wished  to  see.  In  a  great  hurry, 
Henny?'' 

"  No,  ma'am,"  said  Benny,  gazing  wistfully  at 
great  bowl  of  sugared  blackberries  in  the  big 
"mixing  bowl*" 

"  I'm  glad  of  that,"  said  the  other.  "  Now,  can 
ytm  dig  potatoes,  Benny,  and  not  cut  them  with 
tlie  hoe?  The4i  I  shall  be  very  glad  to  have  you 
fill  this  basket  for  me  from  the  garden.  You  will 
see  where  they  have  been  digging." 

Benny  set  off  cheerily,  and  soon  returned  %vith 
a  line  basket  of  large,  white  potatoes. 

"  Well  done,"  said  mother,  as  she  set  the  last 
blackberry  pie  in  the  oven.  "  There  is  just  a  sau- 
cer of  fruit  lelt  over  for  you.  But  come  first, 
Benny,  wliile  May  finishes  her  nap,  and  we  will 
gather  the  other  vegetables.  I  guess  she  will 
sleep  until  we  come  in." 

So,  one  took  the  lar^e  and  the  other  the  small 
basket,  and  it  was  not  long  before  a  kettle  of 
beets  was  ready  for  boiling,  and  Mrs.  Truman 
sat  down  in  i>eace  to. prepare  a  pot  of  wax  beans, 
so  easy  to  clean,  and  so  nice  when  done.  "  I  sliall 
be  very  glad  of  your  help,  Benny,  if  your  hands 
are  first  '  spandy '  clean;"  and  she  examined 
them  critically. 

They  were  presently  "spandy"  clean,  and  Ben 
was  helping  industriously.  What  savory  odors 
came  from  that  brov.n  roast  when  Mrs.  Truman 
opened  the  oven  door !  It  was  not  often  the  poor 
little  fellow  even  sniffed  such  luxuries. 

'*  I  suppose  you  do  not  have  much  of  agarden," 
sa4d  the  lady. 

"  I  guess  we  don't;  not  a  bit  of  garden." 

"  Why,  what  can  yon  get  for  dinners  and  brpr.k- 
fasts,  without  a  garden  to  run  to." 

"Baker's  bread  and  black  molasses,  ma'am, 
and  coffee  on  Sundays.  We  are  glad  when  we 
can  get  a  big  loaf  for  mother  and  Kitty  and  me." 
"Mrs.  Truman  looked  astonished.  Here  was  a 
poor  neighbor  only  half  a  mile  away,  aiid  t*he 
had  given  as  little  thought  as  to  bow  she  livi'd 
and  how  she  fared,  as  if  she  had  been  at  the 
North  Pole.     Here  her  garden  was  tilled  to  over- 


flowing, and  if  they  were  not  actually  perishing 
with  hunger,  they  were  suffering  great  needless 
privation  for  a  christian  land. 

It  did  not  take  many  minutes  to  pack  a  basket 
to  over-flowing  with  things  she  would  never 
miss  ;  but,  oh,  such  a  blessing  in  that  poor  home. 
Wnen  the  excited,  happy  Benny  skipped  home 
with  it,  he  carried  this  proposition  to  his  mother, 
that  he  should  help  Mrs.  Truman  a  certain  por- 
tion of  every  day  about  her  house-work,  in  return 
foragood  equivalent  in  vegetables,  and  his  meals 
every  day. 

That  was  the  way  she  came  to  have  an  efficient, 
little  hired  boy  about  the  house,  whom  she  sorae- 
fimes  thought  almost  ahead  of  her  neighbor's  big' 
girls  in  usefulness;  and  that  was  the  way  the 
poor  widow  saved  her  scanty  sewing  money,  and 
kept  her  children  so  well,  besides  laying  by  many 
little  helpful  stores  for  winter.  How  a  little  fore- 
thought, and  a  little  going  outside  of  ourselves  at 
times,  in  our  sympathies  and  interests,  would 
set  in  train  small  enterprises  that  for  some  hum- 
ble lives  may  be  most  far-reaching  and  helpful. 


Pie  Crttst.— For  pies  with  (me  crust,  take  a  pie 
dish  and  grcjise  it  with  lard  or  buiter;  then  sift 
;  over  evenly  with  corn  meal.    Pour  in  the  filling 
and  bake  thoroughlj'. 

A  Nice  Way  to  use  cold  meats  of  any  kind  Is 
to  chop  fine  with  a  little  celery  and  a  small  piece 
of  union.  Season  with  salt,  pepper,  and  salad 
dressing.  This  salad  is  a  nice  relish  for  lunch  or 
lea.    Garnish  with  the  bleached  celery  leaves. 

Ax  Easilv-Mape  Picki.e  and  a  very  good  one 
is  made  by  chopping  together  half  a  head  of  cab- 
bage, three  onions,  one  bunch  of  celery,  and  one 
dozen  small  cucumbers.  Chop  fine;  season  with 
pepper,  salt,  and  vinegar.  Salad  dressing  im- 
proves it. 

C.ixttEK  Cookies.— One  cup  shortening,  one 
cup  molasses,  one-half  cup  sugar,  one  cup  hot 
water  poured  over  one  tablespoonful  soda,  and 
one  tablespoonful  ginger.  Stir  in  flour  until 
thick  enough  to  drop  in  spoonfuls  IrTbuttered 
pan.  Bake  in  quick  oven.  Trv  them  with  half 
whent  Hour  and  half  graham  fiour. 

Bkeaij  caunni.K  Cakes.— Take  stale  breadand 
soak  it  over  night  in  sour  milk.  In  the  morning 
add,  to  one  quart,  the  yolks  of  two  eggs,  one  lea- 
spoonful  salt,  one  teaspoonful  soda,  two  table- 
spoonfuls  sugar,  and  flour  enough  to  make  batter 
a  little  thicker  than  for  buckwheat  cakes.  Add 
last  the  well-lieaten  whites  of  eggs. 

In  a  Sick-Room,  where  it  is  so  necessary  that 
everything  should  be  quTet,  a  nice  way  to  re- 
plenish the  flrc  is  to  put  coal  in  paper  hags,  such 
as  you  get  from  the  grocery,  and  lay  one  on  the 
fire  whenever  needed,  and  there  need  never  be 
heard  that  unpleasant  noise  of  putting  coal  on 
tlie  fire. 

A  Cure  for  Dcli.  Evenings.— First,  be  sure 
you  take  the  Faioi  ANn  Garden,  and  while 
mother  and  sister  are  mending  or  knitting,  let 
brother  read  aloud  to  you  from  its  many  pages. 
There  is  something  of  interest  for  each  one ;  for 
housework  as  well  as  farm  work.  It  will  give 
you  new  ideas  and  new  ways  of  doing  many 
things.  There  is  nothing  so  welcome  and  cheer- 
ing to  housekeepers  as  a  change  in  its  monot- 
onous round  of  duties. 

Mrs.  D.  S.,  East  Orange,  N.  J, 

CiiESsiE  Cake  (for  twol.-Heaping  cup  of  sugar, 
one-half  cup  of  butter,  fiveeggs,  nutmeg  to  taste. 
Mix  yolks,  sugar,  and  butter  together,  and  bake 
as  lemon  pie.  then  beat  the  whites  and  spread  on 
top  and  set  in  stove  a  few  minutes,  until  whites 
are  browned. 

Cold  Slaw.— C^op  a  small,  while  head  of  cab- 
bage. Prepare  a  dressing  in  the  proportion  of 
one  tablespoonful  of  oil  to  four  tablespoonfuls  of 
vinegar;  a  teaspoonful  of  mustard,  the  same 
quantity  of  salt  and  sugar,  half  as  much  pepper. 
Heat;  pour  over  cabbage  and  stir  well;  let  cool 
ready  for  table. 

.Snow  Cakk.— Beat  one  cup  of  butter  to  a  froth. 
Add  one-half  cup  of  flour,  mix  well,  one  cup  of 
corn-starch,  one  cup  of  sweet.milk.  two  cups  of 
white  sugar,  and  tliree  teaspoonfuls  of  baking 
powder,  dissolved  in  milk.  Add  the  whites  of 
eight  eggs,  well  beaten. 

Hard  Times  PrpDtNG.— One  cup  of  sweet  milk, 
one  (Jiip  of  molasses,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda, 
salt^  tabiespf)otiful  of  shortening,  flour  to  make  a 
stiff  batter,  and  ifyouwish  it,  one  cup  of  raisins. 
Steam  one  hour  without,  or  one  and  one-half 
hours  WMtli  fruit.  Make  sauce  by  rubbing  one 
and  one-half  tablespoonfuls  of  butter  with  fourof 
sugar  and  oni'  of  fi(nn\  Put  in  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  jelly,  and  pour  over  enough  boiling  water 
(stirring  briskly)  to  make  a  thin  gravy.         • 

liKMON  Pie.— One  lemon,  one  tablespoonful  of 
corn-starch,  one  cup  of  sugar,  one  cup  of  boiling 
water.  Beat  this  together,  put  on  the  stove  and 
and  let  boil,  and  then  put  in  yolk  of  one  egg,  roll 
out  crust,  put  mixture  in  and  bake  quckly.  Put 
sugar  in  whites  for  lop.  S.  J.  W. 


THE  FARM  AND   GARDEN. 


i  I 


©Or^I^ESPONDENGE. 


PLANTING    GARDEN    SEEDS. 

GosiiKN,  Lane  Co,  Oregon. 
Enclosed  you  will  Xiud  $i.'2J)  lur  subscriptions  to 
the  Farm  AxnliARDEN,  also  the  five  new  names. 
I  will  try  and  L;et  more  soon.  I  like  the  paper 
very  much,  and  think  the  patrons  of  the  Farm 
AND  Garden  ought  to  contribute  all  new  ideas 
or  experiences  in  the  garden  business  to  the 
.  pai>er  for  the'benefit  of  its  readers.  I  will  give 
a  little  expecience  that  I  have  planting  small 
garden  seeds.  In  the  spring,  wheu  the  ground  Is 
very  full  of  weed  seeds,  for  instance,  for  onion 
iieeds,  have  your  ground  well  pulverized.  Take 
a  plank  six  inches  wide,  lay  it  down,  take  a 
sharp-pointed  stick,  make  a  drill  along  the 
plank,  put  in  your  seect,  then  cover  with  fine  dirt, 
one  inch  deep.  Then  lay  the  plank  over  the  row, 
and  in  about  si.x.  or  eight  days,  raise  it.  Wht-n 
you  see  the  seeds  begin  to  peep  through  the 
ground  remove  the  plank;  in  two  or  tliree  days 
you  can  see  the  plants  the  full  length  of  the  row, 
then  go  to  hoeing.  Radishes  and  lettuce  will 
come  in  five  or  si.x  days.  I  wish  some  of  the 
readers  would  tell  me  how  they  grow  celery. 
That  is  something  I  have  never  raised,  but  want 
to  learn  how.  We  always  have  a  fine  garden. 
Success  to  the  Farm  and  Garden  and  patrons. 
Elizabeth  Euy. 


reached  the  bottle  of  cayenne  pepper  from  the 

castor,  and  holding  the  leaves  carefully,  I  liter- 
ally peppered  them.  The  etfect  wi\s  magical. 
There  were  very  few  lice  on  the  plants  next  day, 
and  another  application  entirely  finished  them. 

Philomela. 
Philomela  has  the  same  trouble  that  others 
have.  The  fleas  do  not  usually  eat  enough  of  the 
poisons  to  kill  them,  and  when  there  are  many 
of  then^,  they  do  not  drive  very  easily.  A  mix- 
ture of  one  pound  of  fresli  Persian  Insect  Powder 
well  mixed  with  twenty  pounds  of  flour,  and 
dusted  on  the  plants  will  give  temix)rary  relief. 
Paris  green  and  wliite  hellebore  will  kill  them 
sometimes,  but  so  many  new  ones  appear  at  the 
funeral  that  the  dead  ones  are  hardly  noticed. 
The  best  plan  is  to  make  the  piants,  by  heavy 
manuring,  grow  faster  than  the  fleas. 


LIGHT   ON    THE    INCUBATOR   QUESTION. 


Valuable  Information  and  New  IJc-js  from  a  practical  cxperimailor. 

I  think  the  trouble  with  the  incubator, 
mentioned  in  the  June  and  July  numbers  can  be 
explained.  I  am  a  mechanic,  and  made  a  Hydro- 
Incubator,  which  I  filled  with  eggs,  and  made 
a  very  poor  hatch  at  first.  I  have  been  experi- 
menting with  and  changing  the  incubator  until 
now'I  can  depend  upon  an  average  hatcli  of  SU 
percent.  My  experience  has  taught  me  that  wiien 
the  weather  is  severe  you  must  close  one  half  the 
iiir  holes  in  the  ventilator.  I  added  twopiysoffine 
burlap,  one  over  the  air  holes,  and  one  on  the 
bottom  of  the  drawer.  Underneath  the  burlap, 
in  the  drawer,  I  put  one  thickness  of  butter 
jnuslin,  vesting  the  eggs  on  the  burlap  I  change 
the  burlap  in  the  drawer  after  each  hatch.  Tbave 
two  bottoms  and  keep  one  clean  to  change  with. 
In  warm  weather  the  frame  over  the  ventilator 
holes  may  be  removed.  I  am  operating  two 
Hydro-incubators,  one  of  74  and  one  of  -120  eggs. 
In  large  incubators  you  must  put  your  water  in 
in  three  ditferent  places  and  arrange  to  draw  it 
directly  opposite  the  place  it  is  put  in.  I  found 
in  my  large  incubator  wlien  I  put  water  in  one 
place  that  the  heat  in  different  parts  of  the  tank 
varied  i:P.  This  would  easily  account  for  failure. 
The  water  must  circulate,  and  even  in  a  small 
incubator  I  use  two  openings  to  pour  in  water. 
Here  is  another  point.  Plymouth  Rocks,  Wyan- 
dottes,  or  any  large  breed  require  heat  XWP  first 
week,  105°  second,  104°  third,  while  non-sitting 
breeds,  as  Leghorns,  Polish,  and  Hamburgs,  will 
hatch  better  two  degrees  lower  each  week.  You 
cannot  mix  these  two  classes  of  eggs  and  hatch 
with  success.  I.  E.  Roth,  Daggett  Ind. 


EARLY     POTATOES. 

Elmer  M.  Buell,  Twinsburg,  O.,  asks  why  some 
Early  Vermont  potatoes  he  planted,  came  up 
over  the  whole  patch  from  four  to  ten  stalks  to 
each  hill,  although  but  a  single  piece  cut  to  three 
or  four  eyes  was  planted.  He  usually  planted 
the  same  way,  and  only  had  one  or  two  vines  to  ' 
a  hill.  Answer:  The  season  was  favorable  for  the 
growth  of  all  the  sprouts,  and  of  course  all  grew. 
Usually,  one  or  two  only  will  have  vigor  enough 
to  grow,  but  under  favorable  circumstances  as  to 
warmth  and  moisture  all  will  start  at  once  to 
root  and  grow,  which  is  not  usually  the  case.  If 
the  weather  had  been  dry,  the  strongest  only 
cou!d*grow,  for  it  woidd  rob  all  the  others  of 
nourishment,  and  they  must  fail.-  Cutting  pota- 
toes with  long  spror.ts  on  them,  when  planted 
will  tend  to  cause  the  trouble  complained  of  to 
appear,  but  only  does  so  in  the  favorable  seasons 
that  we  mention. 


SICK    CHICKENS. 

Downey,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  Cal. 

I  wish  to  ask  a  question  or  two.  What  is  the 
matter  with  my  small  chicks,  and  what  will  ciire 
them?  They  commenced  the  first  week  they 
were  hatched  with  sore  eyes;  one  or  both  would 
be  lull  of  matter,  and  swell  very  large.  Very  soon 
they  are  blind,  and  if  you  pick  them  up  by  the 
feet,  an  offensive  matter  runs  out  of  their  mouth 
and  nostrils  1  have  done  everything  for  them  I 
could  think  of,  read  about,  or  learn  in  any  man- 
ner. I  have  lost  over  two  hundred,  and  other 
parties  living  near  have  lost  over  three  hundred. 
Others  have  lost  irom  a  dozen  up,  so  I  am  not  the 
only  loser.  Horace  L.  Swift. 

The  chickens  have  a  form  of  roup.  The  Doug- 
lass mixture  of  copperas  we  have  always  recom- 
mended is  the  best  cure  for  tlie  disease.  As  Mr. 
Swift  is  a  new  subscriber  we  repeat  the  recipe: — 
Take  one  pound  of  copperas  (proto-sulphate  of 
iron),  dissolve  in  twogallonsof  rain  water,  or  any 
soft  water,  add  an  ounce  of  oil  of  vitriol  (sul- 
pnuric  acid),  keep  well  corked  in  a  jug,  and  use 
one  teaspoonful  in  a  pint  of  drinking  water.  We 
add,  ft>r  our  use,  to  the  Douglass  mjxture,  a  half 
pound  each  of  borax  and  alum,  and  we  think  it 
is  of  advantage  also.  We  give  a  teaspoonful  to  a 
pint  ot  drinking  water,  the  same  as  the  Douglass 
mixture.  We  advise  our  friend  to  renew  his 
stock,  for  when  tiie  roup  gets  a  hold  of  the  old 
stock,  the  chickens  are  always  subject  to  it  also. 
New  and  heallhy  blood  infused  in  the  old  stock, 
will  often  make  a  flock  healthy. 


FOR    ANSWER    IN    SEPTENJBER. 

Will  S.  L.  please  tell  us  how  often  the  dose  for 

the  Cholera  should  be  given?    I  have  been  told 

that  the  eggs   from  the  cross  of  a  Muscovy   with 

the  Pekiu  duck  would  not  hatch.    Is  it  always  so  ? 

G.  L.  S.,  CuUforniu. 


CABBAGE    FLEAS. 


Pleasant  Valley,  Michigan. 
What  can  we  do  with  cabbage  fleas?  They 
have  eaten  all  our  radishes,  early  turnips,  ruta- 
bagas, a  large  bed  each  of  "MarbU-bead  and  Filder- 
krawt  cabbage  plants,  and  have  nearly  spoiled 
our  plants  in  boxes.  We  have  tried  everything 
we  could  think  of  or  liear  of.  Soot  and  ashes, 
iime,  tobacco  tea,  I(^a  of  white  Cedar  boughs,  and 
I  even  put  some  toads  in  the  boxes,  with  boards 
for  shelter,  but  inst(.'ad  of  eating  the  bugs,  they 
dug  up  the  plants  preparatory  to  making  them- 
selves summer  residences.  The  only  thing  that 
aflfects  them  is  ginger,  and  enough  of  that  to 
insure  a  crop  would  be  worth  more  than  the  cab- 
bage. They  thrive  and  grow  fat  on  Paris  green 
and  cayenne  pepper;  and  now  I  do  not  know 
whether  they  are  the  real  cabbage  flea.  They  are 
black,  with  tour  light  spots  on  the  back,  and 
when  driven  froni  the  plants,  they  hop  off  and 
turn  on  their  backs  on  the  ground,  where  they 
look  like  little  black  bits  of  dirt.  Is  there  no 
remedy  ?  Would  like  to  raise  some  late  cabbage 
and  turnips.  Last  autumn  I  found  some  clusters 
of  lice  on  a  nice  cabbage  plant,  and  in  a  few  days 
it  was  entirely  covered.  I  first'thought  to  burn 
it,  but  on  stooping  to  pull  it  up,  I  found  all  the 
plants  near  it  had  lice  on.  I  would  like  to  pepper 
you,  I  thought,  and  passing  into  the  house  I 


TROUBLE    IN    THE    ORCHARD. 

FoKT  \*alley,  Georgia, 
I  am  interested  soniewhat  in  the  cultivation  of 
fruits.  I  h^ve  out  an  orchard  of  six  thousand 
apple,  peaches,  and  plum  trees,  besides  various 
other  varieties  of  fruit.  I  like  The  Faum  and 
Garden,  and  as  long  as  Lake  View  orchards  are 
a  success,  I  expect  to  be  a  subscriber.  We  need  a 
little  light  down  here  on  the  management  of  the 
Wild  Goose  plum  and  the  Cutiibert  raspberry. 
The  plums,  as  a  general  thing,  though  sorry  to 
admit  i.t,  do  well  with  us  one  or  two  years  in 
fruiting,  then  sadly  fail.  The  Cuthbert  riuspberry 
puts  on  a  most  vigorous  growth  in  spring,  but 
is  nearly  all  dead  by  early  winter.  To  cut  back 
severely  first  of  August,  do  you  think  it  would 
save  them  ?  We  want  a  little  information  in  this 
matter,  and  hope  you  or  Uncle  Joseph  can  tell 
us.  M'ould  like  to  hear  from  friends  Munson  and 
Minch  on  the  subject. 

L  W.  Love. 
We  insert  a  query  from  I.  W.  Love,  and  any  of 
our  readers  wlio  may  be  able  to  answer  will  do 
so.  We  sent  the  letter  to  a  prominent  Southern 
pomologist,  feeling  the  question  was  one  we  were 
not  fully  able  to  answer  satisfactorily.  He  was 
not  able  to  answer  us,  for  he  was  not  troubled  as 
Mr.  Love,  and  thought  the  trouble  was  local.  We 
ft-ar  the  raspberries  may  be  attacked  by  fungus 
of  some  kind,  and,  it  so,  August  pruning  will  do, 
and  if  there  is  an  after-growth,  it  may  escape  the 
fungus.  •  We  had  an  apple-tree,  the  leaves  of 
which  were  killed  and  dying,  by  a  fungoid 
growth,  early  in  June,  and  we  stripped  all  the 
leaves  ott'  at  once,  and  letX  the  tree  bare.  It  is 
now  in  full  leaf,  and  has  no  fungus  on  the  leaves. 
This  cannot  be  done  in  a  tiQ:idi  of  raspberries,  of 
course,  but  we  should  try  the  plan  of  cutting 
back  and  burning  all  the  old  leaves,  and  perhaps 
the  new  growth  would  be  vigorous  and  healthy. 
We  thought,  as  we  passed  through  Fort  Valley, 
that  perhaps  the  morning  air  might  be  warm  and 
damp,  from  the  undulating  character  of  the 
country,  and  that  would  be  apt  to  be  very  favor- 
able for  the  growth  of  fungus.  Will  Mr.  Love 
send  us  a  leaf  or  two  of  the  raspberries  in  a  letter, 
and  we  will  try  to  inform  him  more  fully.  Please 
send  the  leaves  that  are  dying,  not  the  dead  or 
live  leaf,  but  those  that  are  afTected. 


WHAT    IS    THE    BEST    VARIETY? 

M.  D.  Stroud,  Grahamville,  Fla.,  asks  for  the 
best  strawberry  for  a  damp,  black,  tenacious', 
heavy  soil,  suitable  for  Florida,  and  asks  if  there 
is  anything  better  than  the  Wilson.  Answer-The 
American  Poniok)gical  Society's  last  report  only 
recommends  the  Wilson,  giving  it  two  stars,  the 
only  variety  having  a  special  notice.  The  Wilson 
is  valuableon  account  of  shipping  so  well.  Other 
varieties  will  grow  well,  but  will  not  stand  up 
when  they  reach  the  Northern  markets.  You 
do  not  say,  but  we  presume  you  ask  for  the  best 
berry  for  you  to  grow  for  a  Northern  market, 
and  hence  we  advise  the  Wilson.  It  can  beset 
at'any  time  excepting  very  dry  weather.  Cut  the 
leaves  away  well  for  they  draw  so  much  moisture 
from  the  roots  that  the  plants  will  be  dried  up 
before  they  can  take  root.  The  root  should 
always  be  stronger  than  the  leaves  when  plants 
are  transplanted  during  the  growing  season. 


STIFF    LEGS    IN    HENS. 

Hugh  Martin,  M'oodland,  Tt'un.,  asks,  "  what 
is  the  matter  with  my  hens?  They  appear  well, 
and  in  an  hour  or  two  their  legs  are  stiff  and 
bend  under  them,  and  they  appear  to  be  in  great 
pain."  Answer :-The  hens  doubtless  have  the 
rheumatism.  This  otten  effects  them  in  the 
way  you  describe.  The  only  advice  and  cure  is 
to  keep  dry  and  free  from  drafts  in  winter,  when 
the  disease  is  contracted.  In  will  often  appear 
in  summer,  altiumgh  it  Is  caused  by  cold  in 
winter.    No  medicines  are  of  much  value. 


HOW    TO    GET    RID    Or    STUMPS. 


Wm.  Price,  Manchester,  asks,  if  a  good  way  to 
get  rid  of  stumps,  "Is  the  old  plan  so  often 
advised,  to  bore  a  hole  in  a  stump  and  flll  with 
saltpetre  and  plug.  \v  neu  reaoy  till  up  agaiir 
with  coal  oil  and  burn?"  Answer  :-Like  many 
of  the  remedies  ve  often  see,  it  is  not  practical, 
although  beautiful  in  theory.  To  burn  out  a 
stump,  carefully  remove  all  dirt  aw!>y  from  it,  at 
least,  18  inches  deep,  and  clean  away  the  dirt 
from  the  roots.  When  very  dry  take  some  dry 
wood  and  set  fire  to  the  stump,  adding  wood 
until  Wfll  on  fire,  and  the  stump  will  burn  otit. 
Have  all  the  materials  dry 


ABOUT   FRAUDS. 


In  answer  to  an  inquiry  sent  to  a  friend  in 
Chicago,  we  find  the  Chicago  School  Agency,  185 
So.  Clark  street,  is  considered  a  fraud.  No  such 
party  caia  be  found  at  the  number  given. 

Yes,  "The  Reliable  IManufacturing  Company 
of  Philadelphia  is  a  fraud.    No  doubt  whatever 
about  it.    We  have  said  so  before,  and  lately  we 
have  recieved  several  inquiries  concerning  them,' 


gg°g!^gggPOWELL'S  PREPARED  CHEMICALS 

and  they  WIM^   SENI»    VOU,  FREF,    an   attractive  bri..k,  whiih  tflls  you   HOW  TO  MAKE 
FIKST-CI.ASS  FERTIXIZERS  AT  HUItlE,  for  LESS  THAN  HAI,F  their  usual  cost. 


12 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


"Vol.  TV.    3sro.  2^11- 


The  Farm  and  Garden  is  published  af  725  i*7/- 
bert  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penna.  It  is  mailed  to 
subscribers  from  the  2oth  to  the  last  *lay  of  the 
•month  preceding  date  of  issue.  The  sul'scripiion 
price  iji  50  cents  a  year,  but  it  is  sent  in  clubs  of  A 
or  more  at  25  cents  a  year. 


Page  1. 
Page  2. 
Page  3 

Page  4. 
Page  5, 
Page  C, 


Page  7. 
Page  8. 
Page   9. 


Page  10. 


Page  11. 
Page  12. 
Page  13. 
Page  H. 
Page  15. 
Page  16. 


CONTENTS   OF  THIS   NUMBER. 

-The  Farmer's  Home   Garden. 

-Sheep. 

-Sheep  (coiilinued). 

-Slieep  (c-oiuimied). 

-Sheep  (continued). 

-Downing's    Ever-bearing    Mulberry.       Fruit 

Notes. 
-Fruit  Notes  (continued). 
-Livestock.    Odds  and  End.s. 
-CullingOut  tlieStock.  Forcing  YoungTurlfeys. 

Tlie  Soil  fur   Poultry.      ProtecUon   against 

Depredator.s. 
-Wliich  are  the  Happier.   .Our  Help.    Laying 

by   in   Store.      Mrs    Truman's   Hired   Boy. 

Recipes, 
-Correspondence. 
-Editorial  Comment.     - 
-Clippings. 
-Our  Flower  Garden. 
-Our  Flower  Garden  ("continued). 
— Publisherii'  Department. 


|B,&5 
3.35 


These  prices  include   the'  paper   named,  and 
the  Farm  ajsd  Gakden. 

Amorlcao  A^iculliirist,     .  $1.25 

Arthur  »  Home   MM^cftxine,  1  75 

BrwdiTS  Gazette.      .     .     .  2.3a 

Curpeiiiry  and  Building,  .  1.00 

Conturv  Mii^iiiEiue.    .     .     ,  3.S6 

Chi.:n*;n  Wuckl.v  Nowx,  .     .  1.20 
Ciillivixtor     and     Countrf 

'CeiiilciHon 2.35 

neni'ircofs  Monthly.     .     .  1.85 

KiirHiiT  M  MuM^aziiie,  .     ,     .  .50 

Farm  Journnl 60 

FaniUTN  Review 1.35 

Guldc-u  Argosy,      ....  1.60 


Oreen'B  Frull  Grower, 
Harper'H  Maffaiinc,     . 

Home  and  Karm, To 

Household 1.10 

New  York  Tribune,    .     .     .  l.W 

Poiiltf?  Ke<*iier, 70 

PouUrV  World 1. 10 

PurdTs  Fruil   Recorder,     .  .85 

Rural  New  YorktT,     .     .     .  2.25 

Saturday  Fvciiins  Post,     .  1.S3 

Trihune  and  Farmer,     .     .  1.05 

Vlck'B  Monthly 1.15 

Youth's  CoinpanloD,    S1.60  2.10 


€diiiioi^ial  @ommbmii. 


Auguxt.  "Dog-days!"  All  the  city  folks  wlio 
couUI  afl'ord  to  do  so,  have  left  their  homes  and 
hunted  up  safe  retreat-s  in  the  mountains  and 
along  the  sea-shoro,  in  order  to  eseape  the  dis- 
comforts of  lu'at  and  the  danger  of  infection  In 
■the  crowded  cit.v.  /*«or  city  people  had  to  sta.v, 
nolens  volciis^  and  must  brave  all  the  ills,  risks, 
and  inconveniences  of  "  dog-days  "in  the  city. 

Tlic  farmi'r,  however,  remains  contentedly  on 
his  own  domain.  He  has  nothing  to  fear  from 
the  sun-lieariis,  which  are  his  friends.  They 
purify  his  lionieand  destroy  the  gcrmsofdisca.se. 
They  ripen  tlie  good  fruits,  of  which  he  partakes 
freely,  and  without  fear  of  cholera  and  kindred 
diseases.  Nature  is  his  guide,  and  a  sufficiency 
of  both  mental  and  manual  excercise  keeps  him 
in  good  health  and  good  spirits.  Di.scontent  is  a 
good  soil  lor  sickness,  but  smiling  faces  and 
happy  laughter  i'cpcl  disease.  The  wise  farmer, 
therefore,  d<ies  not  grumble  about  small  crops 
and  bad  .weather.  He  cultivates  a  happy  and 
contented  disposition,  and  enjoys  good  health. 


Let  us  repeat  our  last  month's  advice  in  regard 
to  the  slacking  of  grain.  Thousands  of  bushels 
of  wheat  ami  oats  are  wasted  annually,  or  badly 
damaged  and  reduced  in  selling  value  by  poor 
stacking.  -Vcrcr  let  a  careless  or  inexperienced 
hand  do  the  stacking  of  grain,  if  you  would  save 
money. 

.Harvest  your  oats  before  they  get  too  ripe,  and 
thereby  avoid  waste  b.v  shelling. 

When  the  Canadian  thistle  has  once  made  Its 
way  into  a  locality,  even  a  good  farmer  will  And 
It  up-hill  business  to  keep  it  out  of  liis  grain 
fields.  Koi)eated  mowing  will  subdue  the  thistle 
Sn  the  end;  and  when  an  oat  field  is  badly  in- 
fested with  the  curse,  we  would  rather  cut  the 
oats  green  and  use  it  for  fodder,  than  to  let  the 
thistles  come  to  maturity.  If  thisUy  oats  are  to 
be  bound,  it  is  best  to  rake  them  In  bundles  and 
do  the  binding  early  in  the  morning  or  after 
BUii-set.    Use  binding  mittens. 

Kice,  bright  oat  straw  is  a  good  substitute  for 
hay  to  feed  to  horses  in  the  winter,  and  better 
than  poor  clover  hay.  Try  to  save  it  in  as  nice 
condition  as  possible. 

If  you  have  been  victorious  thus  far  in  your 
fight  against  weeds,  do  not  let  up  on  them  as"  yet. 
Drive  the  enemy  to  the  wall.  The  progeny  of  "one 
Bpecimen  which  you  have  over-looked,  may  give 
you  a  heap  of  trouble  in  the  fiilure. 

Are  the  road-sides  all  foul  with  thistles  and 
other  weeds,  or  over-grown  with  brush  and 
briars?  Cut  down  all  that  foul  stuff,  and  improve 
the  appearance  and  value  of  your  farm. 

Your  pasture  lots  are  now  grazed  down  closely. 
If  they  are  weedy,  it  will  pay  you  well  to  go  over 


them  with  the  mower,  rake  the  weeds  into  heaps 
with  the  wheel-rake,  and  burn  them  as  soon  as 
dry  enough. 

Cut  down  and  remove  the  burdocks  in  the 
fence  corners.  The  burrs  ma.v  trouble  you  in 
your  horses'  manes  or  sheeps'  pelts.  Milch  cows 
should  now  be  put  in  new  pastures,  or  receive 
regular  and  liberal  rations  of  green  fodder,  (or 
new,  sweet  lia.v),  and  some  bran  and  meal.  It 
will  keep  up  the  flow  of  milk  and  save  fences, 
your  temper,  annoyances  to  yourself  and  neigh- 
bors, and  bad  feeling  all  around. 

Keep  your  chickens  growing.  Feed  a  variety 
of  food  regularly,  and  not  less  than  three  times  a 
day,  all  they  will  eat  up  clean,  and  give  all  the 
milk  or  buttermilk  they  will  drink,  .\nimal 
food,  bone  and  meat,  is  a  great  help.  Cooked 
food  should  be  drjj  and  criimbli/,  not  sloppt/. 
Wheat  should  be  fed  liberall,v.  The  more  you 
force  the  growth  of  your  pullets,  the  earlier  they 
will  commence  to  lay. 

Keep  tlie  runners  ofT  .your  young  strawberr.v 
beds;  and  tlie  new  raspberr.v  canes  well  trimmed. 

Turn  your  sheep  or  hogs  into  jour  orchards. 


Pay  as  you  go.  Do  your  work  when  you  ought. 
En,ioy  yourself  while  you  may.  If  you  do  not  let 
your  work  get  the  better  of  you,  you  can  well 
afford  to  attend  your  neighborhood  school  and 
Sunday-school  picnics.  Your  wife  wants  you  to 
go,  and  if  she  is  truly  a  farmer's  wife,  you  cannot 
find  better  company.  Go  and  feel  j'oung  among 
the  young.  , 

The  following  i.s  said  to  be  a  sure  cure  for  the 
foot-rot  in  sheep : — 

Dissolve  •'!  ounces  of  arsenic  and  1  ounce  of  salt 
in  one  gallon  of  water.  Put  this  in  a  trough  so  as 
to  have  it  cover  the  bottom  two  or  three  inches 
deep.  Now  pare  the  sheep's  hoofs,  and  let  it 
stand  in  the  trough  for  a  few  minutes.  Repeat, 
if  necessary.  

The  present  wheat  crop  Is  the  shortest  that  we 
have  had  for  years.    As  soon  as  the  harvest  will 
have  made  this  fact  a  dead  certaint.\'*in  the  e.vcs 
of  the  bu.vers  and  consumers,  who  are,  or  pretend 
to  be,  still  doubting  Thomases,  the  price  of  wheat 
must   materially    rise.     AVc   arc,  however,    not 
looking  for  excessive  prices.     Some  of  our  es- 
teemed contemporaries  are  always  in  dread  of 
some  prospective  calamity,  and  choose  to  paint 
our  agricultural  future  in  the  darkest  colors.  This 
time  they  arc  whining  and   taking  on  terribly, 
because  there  will  be  no  wheat  for  export,  and  j 
seem   to  have  enlircly   forgotten   that   our   last  [ 
year's  crop  wa.s  more  than  21)0  million  bushels  in  | 
excess  of  the  home  demand.    Onl.v  a  small  part  ! 
of  this  vast  amo'unt   ha.s  found  foreign   bu.vers,  ; 
and    as    this    year's  crop   is  fully  ciiual   to  our  I 
annual  home  demand,  the  jircvious  season's  sur- 1 
plus,  now  partl.v  held  by  the  producer,  partly  j 
stored  in  elevators  and  ware-houses,  is  available  | 
for  export,  and  will  probabl.v  meet  a  fair  foreign  , 
demand,  and  at  prices  which  are  acceptable  and  ' 
profitable  to  the  seller.    On  the  other  hand,  the 
large  oat  crop,  and  the  unprecedented,  enormous 
corn  crop,  while  ntaking  up  in  part  for  the  short- 
age ill  the  wheat  crop,  will  have  a  tendency  to 
put  a  br.ake  on  the  too  rapid  upward  moj'ement 
of  wheat  prices. 

Kill  cats,  dogs,  crows,  hawks,  skunks,  weasels, 
squirrels,  raccoons  and  the  like  wherever  and 
whenever  you  can.  Save  and  protect  snakes, 
toads,  and  particularly  all  insectiverous  birds. 
Quails  as  insect-caters,  are  very  useful.  Invite 
the  cit.v  huntsman,  with  his  dogs,  off  your 
premises. 

The  new  postal  law,  which  took  efTect  on  the 
flr.st  of  July,  and  which  fixes  the  letter  rate  at 
two  cents  per  ounce  instead  of  per  one-half  ounce, 
as  heretofore,  benefits  writers  for  newspapers 
more  than  any  other  class  of  people.  We  believe 
that  this  is  good  enough  for  a  beginning,  and 
furthermore,  that  all  manuscrii>t  intended  for 
publication,  should  be  rated  as  third  class  mail 
matter,  at  one  cent  per  each  two  ounces. 


Mr.  E.  S.  GofT,  of  the  New  Y'ork  Experimental 
Station,  in  summing  up  tlie  results  of  experi- 
ments with  the  White  Star  potato,  which  were 
conducted  with  a  view  to  d'etermine  how  much, 
if  any,  of  tlie  substance  of  the  tuber  or  cutting, 
serves  as  food  to  the  i)Iant,  comes  to  the  conclu- 
sion "  tliat  even  on  very  fertile  soil,  the  stored 
nutriment  in  the  jiotato  tuber  furnishes  a  more 
congenial  food  for  the  growing  plant,  than  fertil- 
izing elements  in  the  soil.  Tliat  upon  poor  soils 
at  least  an  advantage  ma.v  be  gained  b.v  planting 
whole  tubers,  or_ large  sections."  We  have  been 
preaching  the  same  doctrine  for  years. 


unconstitutional,  would   not  be  upheld  by  the 

courts,  and  must  prove  ineffectual  and  entirely 
useless  to  both  the  farmer  and  butter  consumer." 
The  Court  of  Appeals,  the  highest  legal  authority 
of  the  State,  has  recently  declared  the  unconsti- 
tutionality of  lliat  law.  From  the  decision, 
which  was  written  b.v  the  noted  Judge  Rapallo, 
we  quote  the  following  paragraph  :— 

"This  iirevenfs  competition,  and  jilaces  a  bar 
upon  progress  and  invention.  It  invades  rights, 
both  of  jierson  and  of  property,  guaranteed  by 
the  constitution.  Tlie  sale  of  a  substitute  for  any 
article  of  manufacture,  is  a  legitimate  business, 
and  if  etfected  without  deception,  cannot  be  arbi- 
trarily suppressed." 

This  is  the  only  fair  and  just  position.  We 
must  consider  it  not  only  useless,  but  decidedly 
harmful  to  further  urge  farmers  to  continue 
fighting  it  out  on  the  line  indicated  by  these  pro- 
hibitory laws.  We  want  no  class  legislation,  no- 
laws  for  the  purpose  of  tiuilding  up  one  industry 
at  the  expense  of  another. 

There  is  only  one  reasonat^le  plea  which  might 
be  offered  in  defense  of  prohibitory  measures, — 
the  injuriousness  of  butter  substitutes,  if  such 
can  be  proved.  But  the  attempt  to  prove  it  by 
denouncing  it  as  **  a  counterfeit  made  of  liog's 
fat,  vegetable  oils,  and  other  filthy  and  injurious 
compounds,''  is  a  trick  worth.v  of  the  political 
demagogue,  but  not  of  fair-minded  .agricultural 
editors.  We  were  not  aware  that  hog's  fat  and 
vegetable  oils,  which  so  largel.v  enter  into  articles 
of  human  food,  were  so  particularl.v  filthy  and 
injurious,  and  even  State  Senator  Low's  recent 
informatioM  has  failed  to  fully  convince  us  that 
tlic.v  are. 

We  earnestly  hope  that  the  fanatical  advice  of 
certain  agricultural  pain-rs,  who  wish  to  parade 
as  "  farmers'  friends,"  while  their  instigations  do 
considerable  mischief,  will  fail  to  lead  our  friends 
to  a  fruitless  fight  against  wind-mills. 

Ill  one  way  only  can  we  hope  to  compete  with 
oleomargerine  successfully.  We  must  make  a 
better  article  of  cows'  butter,  and  at  the  same 
time  insist  upon  the  enforcement  of  the  laws 
which  compel  the  manufacturer  to  sell  only  a 
clean  and  wholesome  article,  and  under  its  right 
name.  N'iolations  should  be  i)Uiiislied  so  severely, 
that  manufactilfers  would^iiot  care  to  take  the 
risk. 

In  conclusion  we  will  call  our  readers'  atten- 
tion to  the  following  opinion  from  the  American 
r>airt/man: — 

"The  course  of  events  in  this  country  will 
probably  be  about  the  same  as  in  Euroi^e,  where 
the  manufacture  of  oleomargerine  had  the  effect 
of  compelling  the  makers  of  poor  butter  to  im- 
prove the  quality  of  their  |iroduct.  (And  there  is 
plent.v  of  latitude  for  improvement  in  this  coun- 
tr.v.— Kii.  F.  AXD  G.)  This,  in  turn,  induced  an 
increase  in  consumption,  which  caused  an  ad- 
vance in  the  average  price  of  butter  to  a  point  as 
high,  or  higher  than  the  average  previous  to  the 
discovery  of  oleomargerine.  Thus,  dairymen 
were  not  Injured,  and  consumers  w^re  bene- 
fitted.   «    •    «    « "  ^ 

At  present  We  live  in  a  depression,  but  this 
must  come  to  an  end  sometime.  We  should  not 
get  discouraged  too  soon. 


As  early  as  July,  1884,  we  predicted — and  a  safe 
prediction  it  was,  too — that  the  law  by  which  tlie 
New  York  solons  attempted  to  suppress  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  oleomargerine,  "being* 


Our  friend,  farmer  Atkinson,  always  feels 
chuck  full  of  "  gumption."  With  "  sleeves  rolled 
up,"  and  hoe  in  hand,  he  starts  for  his  corn-field, 
but  on  the  ajipearaiice  of  a  cloud  in  the  distance, 
not  bigger  titan  a  man's  hand,  he  gets  scared  in 
view  of  the  coming  storm,  throws  down  his  hoe 
and  flees  for  safe  shelter.  That  is  "gumiJtion," 
and  that  is  the  way  our  friend  acts  in  regard  to  • 
the  sugar-question.  If,  as  Prof.  Wiley  says,  "  the 
7)ianu/(icturc  o/  sugar  /ro)n  sorghum-  has  not  yet 
pr<n'rd  financially  surcrss/af,  if  our  rrpectations 
?tave  not  been  met  thus  far,  even  if  it  may  be  accep- 
ted as  a /act  that  the  future  of  the  soryhum-sugar  in- 
duslri/ is  somewhat  douljl/ul,"  yxe  can  see  no  cause 
for  throwing  up  the  sponge  and  declaring,  as  our 
friend  docs,  that  America— the  great  country  of 
America,  with  its  wonderful  soil  and  manifold 
possibilities— will  never  be  able  to  manufacture 
her  own  sugar. 

Prof  Wile.v  informs  us  that  the  attempt  to  make 
beet  sugar  in  Europe  with  as  imperfect  machin- 
er.v  as  is  used  for  sorghum  here,  would  end  in 
disastrous  failure,  and  that  the  chemistry  of  the 
sorghum-sugar  protess  is  not  yet  a  science,  but 
will  have  to  develop  a  science  of  its  own.  The 
beet-sugar  industry  was  developed  largely  by 
Government  aid  and  encouragement  in  European 
countries.  We  have  the  soil,  labor-saving  imple- 
ments in  the  culture  of  beet  or  sorghum,  a  Gov- 
ernment that  is  liberal  and  able  to  give  aid  and 
encouragement;  we  liavc  perseverance  and  pluck 
and  a  desire  to  investigate  things,  andcvcr.vthing 
needful  for  final  success.  If  the  iiroblcm  to  be 
solved  be  a  most  difficult  one,  we  will  never 
admit  that  we  are  second  to  Europe  in  ingenuity. 
The  American  people  will  prove  to  have  more 
'  gumption  than  our  friend  expects  them  to  have, 
'  or  tlv-in  he  has  Iwinself 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


'3 


Clippings. 


JI  is  our  desire  to  make  (hfse  so  full  and  varied  thai  every 

reader  of  f fie  Farm  and  tiARDKtt ,  even  (hotiffh he  takes 

no  otfifv  paptr  caii/fl  in  a  vieasure  acquainted 

H'ifh   itH  lite  leailinq  publicationx. 


I*}-um  "Farm  Journal,"  Philadelphia. 

WHAT    IS    WANTED. 

Now  that  the  sheep  men  are  getting  discouraged  and 
flome  ol"  tlienj  are  disposing  of  their  flocks,  I  tliink  it  a 
good  time  to  go  iu  and  try  aiy  liand.  Ent  I  do  not  want 
logo  it  blind  when  tliere  are  so  many  of  your  readers 
well  able  to  impart  information.  First,  give  us  a 
description  of  tlie  different  breeds  and  their  crosses, 
and  what  they  are  good  for,  how  to  go  about  starting  a 
flock,  how  to  grow  the  most  valuable  wool,  how  to  have 
early  spring  lambs,  how  to  feed  and  caie  for,  winter  and 
fiummer,  etc.,  etc.  I  want  to  know,  also,  whetlier  it 
will  do  to  pasture  sheep  in  an  orcliard  just  beginning  to 
bear.  I  am  toUl  that,  with  certain  precautions  ob- 
served, sheep  are  better  than  hogs  for  the  purpose.  Is 
it  so?  

Froin  "  Breeders'  Gazette"  Chicago,  Jll. 
PULLING    WOOL. 

The  process  of  pulling  Is  by  no  means  difficult,  and 
with  a  little  judgment,  can  be  made  to  fit  in  between 
other  work,  so  as  to  bring  the  expense  witliin  quite  rea- 
sonable limits.  Tlie  skins  should  be  soaked  in  water 
for  say  twelve  hours,  and  then  stacked  iu  heaps— fleshy 
sides  and  wooly  sides  together— and  so  k-ft  until  the 
wool  can  be  easily  plucked  otr.  The  wool  should  then 
be  washed,  as  much  of  the  animal  grease  will  have 
been  already  removed,  and  thereafter  spread  on  sheets, 
or  on  the  ground,  if  thickly  grassed,  and  occasionally 
turned  until  thoroughly  dried.  This  last  proceeding 
should  have  especial  attention,  as  any  moisture  will* 
cause  heating  or  moulding  and  destroy  the  value  of  the 
■wool. 

I'rom  '* Breeders'  Gazette,"  Cfiicago,  III. 
SHEEP   IN    RUSSIA. 

Of  the  49:000,000  of  sheep  in  European  Russia,  about 
one-foui'th  are  tine  wool,  the  remainder  being  common 
or  native  races.  The  principal  of  these  are  the  so-called 
Russian,  the  Volosh,  Zigai,  and  Fat  or  Broad-tails.  The 
first  named  flourishes  in  the  entire  north,  as  far  as  the 
frontiers  of  New  Russia,  where  the  Volosh,  or  Circas- 
sian breed  predominates.  The  Zigai  is  bred  in  Bessara« 
bia  and  part.s  of  Taurida.  The  Broad-tail  predominates 
on  the  eastern  and  south-eastern  frontier  and  in  Siberia. 

A  million  and  a  quarter  goats,  found  mostly  in  the 
hands  of  Jews,  are  scattered  through  the  several  gov- 
ernments. These  are  lai'gely  of  the  common  variety, 
though  both  the  Angora  and  Cashmere  are  raised  in 
limited  numbers.     

From  "Spirit  of  the  Farm." 

CO-OPERATION. 

In  parts  of  Tennessee  the  sheepmen  of  a  whole  neigh- 
borhood join  together  and  dispose  of  their  surplus  stock 
of  muttons  and  lambs,  and  their  wool  clip  by  contract, 
to  the  highest  bidder.  The  highest,  reliable  bidder  in 
every  case  gets  the  mutton.  This  manner  of  disposing 
of  their  wool  and  lambs  is  one  of  the  simplest  and  best 
we  have  ever  seen.  Three  or  fcur  men  do  the  work  for 
the  entire  neighborhood.  There  is  no  waste  of  time  in 
running  around  looking  up  a  customer,  and  no  squab- 
bling about  weights  and  prices;  every  man  is  on  an 
equal  footing.  The  only  difference  is  that  the  man  who 
has  the  best  and  heaviest  lambs  gets  the  most  money 
because  he  has  the  most  pounds.  The  buyers  are  also 
put  on  the  same  footing.  They  cannot  make  a  pool 
among  themselves,  and  depress  values  to  suit  them- 
selves, for  the  highest  bid  gets  the  sheep,  and  no  one 
knows  what  this  is  until  the  bids  are  opened.  Altogether 
this  is  a  most  advantageous  arrangement,  and  one  that 
farmers  in  other  sections  would  do  well  to  cultivate." 


From  "Breeders'  Journal." 

EARLY    LAMBS. 

The  first  mutton  lambs  of  the  season  are  often  sold 
for  ten  dollars  a  head.  The  expense  of  raising  these 
lambs  consists  first,  in  having  good  mutton  rams,  and 
then  care  and  warm  quarters,  with  a  liberal  feed  of  corn 
and  oats,  and  a  little  oil  cake  will  do  the  balance.  The 
ewes,  kept  warm  and  dry,  and  fed  well  with  oats,  mid- 
.  dlings,  and  corn,  one-third  each  by  measure,  will  give  a 
goodisnpply  of  milk. 

Lambs  can  be  taught  to  drink  cow's  milk,  and  putting 
oat  meal  in  it,  the  lambs  will  grow  in  a  surprising  man- 
ner. Young  lambs,  to  grow  fat,  must  be  kept  warm  and 
have  a  dry  bed.  Bright  clover  hay  for  sheep  is  the  best. 
Lumber  is  cheaper  than  it  has  been  for  ten  years;  if  the 
country  yards  have  not  reduced  their  prices,  they  ought 
to.  It  can  be  bought  by  the  car  load  in  Chicago,  for  511, 
and  green  piece  stuff  one  dollar  cheaper.  With  these 
prices,  and  the  present  prices  of  oats  and  corn,  farmers 
have  no  excuse  for  not  making  their  Iambs  fit  to  sell  at 
four  months  old.  All  .the  feed  in  the  world  will  not 
make  early  lambs  fat,  and  worth  StO  earh,  unless  they 
are  kept  warm.  Warm  and  light  quarters  will  last 
years,  and  pay  a  large  return  on  their  cost  every  win- 
ter.   For  the  amount  of  capital  invested  in  the  sheep. 


they  can  be  made  to  pay  a  larger  return  than  any  other 
stock,  even  in  these  times  when  wool  i-s  cheap,  if  mutton 
and  early  li^ubs  are  raised,  striving  to  get  them  earlier 
and  better  than  anyone  else. 


From  "Textile  Jirr^ord"  Phitadffphia. 

THE    PROSPECTS    OF   THE, WOOL   TRADE. 

The  views  of  growers  are  generally  above  an  equality 
with  Kastern  markets,  and  have  thus  far  been  sup_- 
ported  by  considerable  buying  by  manufacturers,  deal- 
ers, and  interior  speculators.  The  majority  of  operators 
are,  however,  deterred  from  purchasing  by  the  remem- 
brance of  the  unprofitable  experience  of  last  year,  and 
the  bulk  of  the  clip  is  likely  to  come  forward  more 
slowly  than  in  former  years.  Shtaring  has  commenced 
in  Ohio  and  other  northerly  localities,  but  as  yet  nothing 
has  been  done  to  fix  prices  on  washed  fleeces.  There  is 
general  reluctance  to  pay  prices  for  new  wools  that  will 
nof  afford  ample  margin  for  charges  and  a  reasonable 
profit  to  sellers;  but  whether  this  cautious  policy  of 
buying  will  be  sustained  long  i-nough  to  weaken  confi- 
dence on  the  part  of  country  holders,  is  a  matter  ot 
conjecture.  Active  buying  by  a  few  parties  will  be  very 
likely  to  start  a  general  movement  that  will  maintain 
values  above  a  parity  with  present  Eastern  prices,  and 
perhaps  at  a  higher  point  than  can  be  sustained  afier 
the  new  wools  are  concentrated  on  the  seaboard.  The 
present  condition  of  the  wool  trade  is  very  unsatisfac- 
tory, but  conservative  opinion  is  settling  to  the  convic- 
tion that  the  worst  of  the  depression  is  over,  and  that 
the  approaching  season  will  witness  a  gradual  and 
healthful  improvement  in  demand  and  probably  some 
recovery  in  value.  Is  not  all  this  almost  equivalent  to 
saying  that  if  wool-growers  stand  firm  they  will  win? 
Indeed  there  seems  to  be  an  undercurrent  of  feeling  iu 
llie  eastern  press  that  the  grower  practically  has  the 
situation  in  his  own  hands.  Will  he  take  advantage  of 
his  opportunity  ? 


From  " National  Storkmun,"  Pittsburfj,  Pa. 
MUTTON    t«-    WOOL. 

There  would  seem  to  be  no  end  of  talk  about  wool  aud 
mutton,  all  over  the  country,  in  nearly  every  agricultu- 
ral paper.  There  are  to  be  found  the  pros  and  cons. 
Each  has  his  peculiar  favorite— his  hobby,  quite  often. 
Many  give  one  opinion  simply  because  they  think  so 
and  so.  They  assert  without  anj-  qualification  what- 
ever for  an  opinion.  Some  there  are,  of  course,  who, 
knowing,  differ  widely  in  their  opinions.  There  are 
reasons  for  this.  Few  of  us  think  or  act  alike.  Some 
like  sweets;  another  prefers  the  bitter;  another  gives 
his  decided  preference  to  sour.  All  this  peculiar  fancy 
does  not,  in  the  least,  alter  the  chemical  nature.  Each 
of  the  materials  maintain  their  respective  elements, 
and  will  continue  to  do  so,  leaving  us  to  our  peculiar 
idyosyncrasies  or  peculiar  constitutional  fancies. 

This  is  all  well  enough.  Let  each  have  his  or  her 
taste  gratified.  But  there  are  many  things,  of  daily  use, 
which  are  liked  or  disliked  by  the  masses.  When  this 
is  the  case,  whatever  suits  the  masses  we  should  attempt 
to  the  best  of  our  ability  to  accommodate  them  with, 
especially  when  one  of  the  best  and  most  nutritious  of 
our  flesh  meats  are  concerned— mutton,  good,  healthy, 
sweet,  nutritious  mutton. 

When  in  England  a  few  years  ago  I  tramped  around  a 
good  deal,  book  and  pencil  always  ready  to  note  the 
facts,  etc.  One  of  the  most  noteworthy  was  that  I 
could  and  did  eat  largely  of  the  Lincolnshire,  Leicester, 
and  other  long-wooled  sheep,  some  of  it  very  fat  indeed. 
With  all  this  I  never  once,  and  I  was  then  in  delicate 
health,  felt  any  nausea.  I  could  quite  easily  digest  it. 
It  was  the  sweetest  I  ever  tasted,  excepting  the  little 
Welsh  Mountain  sheep.  ^  His  is  the  best  mutton  on 
earth.  I  am  fond  of  good  mutton.  I  often  tax  my  judg- 
ment and  the  butcher's  word  as  to  the  joint  being  long- 
wooled  sheep.  1  take  it  home,  wife  begins  the  cooking  ; 
I  sniff  and  the  first  sniff  says  "  sold !  "  Merino  mutton 
again,  though  perhaps  only  half  breed.  Were  it  full,  or 
three-fourths,  of  course  I  could  tell  it  in  an  instant, 
without  the  fleece  or  cooking. 

I  know  dozens  whose  stomachs  will  not  tolerate  the 
oil  of  the  Merino.  Few  can,  excepting  the  Laplander 
or  some  northern  pioneer,  who  glories  in  his  oil.  We 
want  the  wool  of  the  Merino— we  must  have  it.  Will 
not  some  of  our  sensible  breeders  of  sheep  see  to  this, 
and  instead  of  overstocking  the  wool  market,  as  they 
are  and  have  been  doing,  give  us  some  mutton  fit  for 
food  ?  No  Merino  is  fit  for  food— not  so  fit  as  the  coon, 
etc.,  by  any  means.  ~~^ 

From  '^Agricultural  Gazette,"  London,  Eng. 
WASHING    SHEEP. 

In  the  south  of  Scotland  all  the  sheep,  before  being 
shorn,  are  washed  by  being  made  to  swim  two  or  three 
times  across  a  running  stream  or  pool. 

Pool-washing  is  most  general,  and,  all  things  consid- 
ered, is  perhaps  the  best.  Sheep  do  not  wash  clean  in  a 
running  stream.  A  stagnant  pool  is  much  better,  as  the 
yolk  of  the  wool,  which  consists  of  fatty  acids  combined 
chiefly  with  potash,  being  left  in  the  water,  acts  like 
soap,  or  better  than  any  soap,  in  scouring  and  giving  a 
bright  lustre  to  the  wool.  The  pool  should  be  about  25 
yards  long,  .5  3'ards  wide,  and  at  least  6  feet  deep  at  the 
jump,  gradually  ebbing  to  the  pointwhere  the  sheep  can 
walk  out  on  a  well-graveled  beach.    In  a  pool  of  this 


description  the  sheep  can  be  washed  very  clean,  if  they 
get  a  good  high  "jump,"  and  are  put  across  two  or  three 
limes.  The  jumi)ing-stage  should  be  three  feet  higher 
than  the  water.  Tlie  ewes  soon  learn  to  jump  into  the 
water  of  fheir  own  accord,  and  are  much  less  liable  to 
get  injured  than  when  each  one  has  to  be  pushed  in. 
Sometimes  the  wa.shing-pool  is  formed  directly  facing 
the  sheep-fold,  where  the  lambs  aie  shut  up  for  time 
being,  anti  having  the  ewes  looking  straight  in  that  di- 
rection they  then  freely  jump,  and  s\»'im  the  pool  to  get 
to  their  lambs.  Tub-washing  is  sometimes  nmre  conve- 
nient for  small  flocks,  and  is  certainly  preferable  to 
driving  tlie  washed  sheep  over  dusty  roads  from  some- 
neighboj's  washing-pool,  if  there  is  not  one  in  the  farm, 
as  by  the  time  they  get  back  they  are  often  as  dirty  as. 
before. 

Sheep-washing  usually  takes  place  about  the  begin- 
ning of  June,  a  little  earlier  or  later,  according  to  locality 
or  condition  of  the  sheep.  As  soon  as  the  new  wool 
begins  to  rise,  the  sheep  may  be  washed;  and  in  six  or 
eight  days  after  washing  they  may  be  shorn.  If  the 
weather  should  become  wet  so  as  to  prevent  clipping  at 
the  time  intended,  it  may  be  advisable,  in  some  cases,  to 
rewash,  if  the  wool  is  much  soiled.  The  sheep  should 
be  properly  docked  before  washing,  thus  preventing 
any  dung  or  lumps  of  soil  which  maybe  adhtring  to 
some  of  the  fleeces  from  discoloring  the  wool. 

In  Australia,  and  other  parts,  washing  sheep  in  hot 
water  is  almost  general'on  large  stations.  The  sheep 
are  first  passed  through  hot  water  with  soap;  they  lake 
what  is  called  ihe  soap-suds  swim,  the  temperature  of 
the  water  being  about  lioo  Fahrenheit.  When  thorough- 
ly soaked  they  are  floated  to  a  tank  of  cold  water,  and 
are  brought  by  hand  beneath  spouts  properly  adjusted 
to  play  a  film  of  water  upon  and  into  their  fleeces.  In 
most  of  these  cases  considerable  outlay  has  been  in- 
curred for  steam  engines,  pumps,  and  washing  gear. 
Hot-water  washing  is  not,  however,  likely  to  be  adopted 
in  this  country  while  wool  continues  so  low  in  price  as  ib 
is  at  present. 

From  Commissioner  Colman's  address  to  the  A''ati07ial  Wool- 
Growers'  Association.  AY.  Louis,  Mo.,  Ma}j  27-28, 1885. 

I  have  come  here,  however,  to  assure  you  of  the  deep 
interest  I  feel  in  the  sheep-growing  industry  of  this 
Nation,  and  to  say  to  you  that  the  department  over 
which  I  have  control  will  do  what  it  can  in  every  legiti 
mate  way  to  promote  its  welfare.  The  magnitude  of 
this  industry  is  well  illustrated  by  the  table  of  the  an- 
nual products  of  wool  in  a  few  of  the  States  tributary  to 
the  St.  Louis  nuuket,  which  appear  on  the  blackboard 
before  you,  and  which  read  as  follows:  Annual  produc- 
tion of  wool  tributary  to  the  St.  Louis  market:  Texaj, 
47,742.000  pounds;  New  Mexico,  26,610.000  pounds  ;  Mis- 
souri, 8,G36.000  pounds:  Colorado.  7,490,000  pounds;  Illi- 
nois, 6,761,000  pounds ;  Kansas,  4,930,000  pounds ;  Arizona, 
4,876,000  pounds;  Wyoming, 3,588.000 pounds;  Utah,  3.385,- 
000  pounds;  Iowa,  2,983,000  pounds;  Montana,  2,79I,IX)0 
pounds;  Nevada,  2.312,000  pounds;  Nebraska,  2,002.000 
pounds;  Mississippi,  1,760,000  pounds;  Arkansas,  1,363,000 
pounds;  Idaho,  1.12-5,000  pounds;  Dakota.  1,092,000 pounds; 
Indiana,  200.000  pounds ;  total,  129.64y,000  pounds. 

This  would  surprise  most  people,  and  especially  those 
who  have  not  examined  our  statistics  of  wool  and  sheep 
production  throughout  the  Nation.  It  is  hardly  neces- 
sary for  me  to  refer  to  the  important  figure  sheep  hus- 
bandry makes  in  successful  agriculture.  The  "golden 
hoof"  of  the  sheep  is  appreciated  aud  spoken  of  by  all 
our  enlightened  and  progressive  agricultural  writers. 
Their  value  iu  a  jiroper  system  of  farmingi  is  too  well 
known  for  me  to  dwell  upon,  and  as  our  country  growa 
older,  as  the  fertility  of  our  soil  becomes  exhausted  by 
the  production  of  the  cereal  crops,  their  necessity  for 
the  purpose  of  giving  rest  and  restoration  to  our  lands 
will  become  more  and  more  apparent.  They  furnish 
the  healthiest  of  animal  food  for  man,  their  wool  make* 
clothing  for  our  bodies,  aud  no  stock  is  so  valuable  in 
destroying  the  weeds,  sprouts,  and  undeibrush  of  our 
farms.  Good  farming,  distant  from  our  cities,  cannot! 
well  be  carried  on  without  a  flock  of  sheep.  *  *  * 
^  It  has  also  already  been  a  matterof  consideration  with 
me  what  could  be  done  by  the  department  to  lessen 
the  losses  from  communicable  diseases  among  sheep. 
So  far  the  flocks  of  this  country  have  been  free  from 
the  terrible  disi;ase  of  the  Old  World  known  as  "shee^ 
pox,"  but  it  is  a  serious  question  if  we  should  not  im- 
pose a  short  quarantine  on  imported  sheep  to  secure  us 
against  the  introduction  of  this  and  other  diseases.  The 
scab  of  sheep,  while  not  so  prevalent  as  in  former  years, 
still  causes  heavy  losses  in  some  portions  of  the  country. 
The  department  is  also  in  receipt  of  information  that 
the  Western  and  particularly  tlie  South-western  ranges 
have  become  so  infested  with  tapeworms  as  to  threaten 
the  destruction  of  the  industry  in  those  sections.  The 
States  on  the  Southern  Atlantic  seaboard  have  long 
been  talked  and  written  about  as  peculiarly  suited  to 
sheep  husbandry,  but  in  spite  of  the  attention  given  to 
the  subject,  sheep  husbandry  has  not  increased  there  a» 
we  have  had  reason  to  expect.  Why  is  this?  Many 
have  gone  there  and  attempted  to  go  into  sheep-growing 
on  a  large  scale,  but  for  some  reason  they  have  given  it 
up  and  failed  to  realize  their  anticipations.  The  reason 
for  this,  I  am  told,  is  a  mysterious  disease,  which  almost 
certainly  appears  when  sheep  are  kept  there  in  flocks  of 
any  considerable  size.  It  is  called  rot,  but  it  differs 
from  the  rot  of  Europe  in  not  being  caused  by  the  fluke- 
worm  in  the  liver  The  symptoms  somewhat  resemble 
that  disease,  and  suggest  the  theory  that  it  may  be 
caused  by  a  somewhat  similar  parasite. 


14 


THE   FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


OUF?  Flowbi^  Gai^dbn. 


Water  and  Bog  Plants. 

This  is  tlie  time  of  the  year  when  plants  that 
grow  by  the  waterside  are  so  much  admired  in 
natural  scenery.  Yet  tlie.y  are  seldom  turned  to 
as  much  advantage  in  cultivation  as  they  might 
be.  In  any  garden  of  some  extent  a  small  lake 
or  pond  might  be  introduced  and  be  a  source  of 
great  enjoyment:  a  little  rockcr.v  in  the  centre 
or  border  of  it  will  make  a  suitable  place  for 
planting  many  desirable  things.  With  tlie  large 
number  of  suitable  plants  at  our  service,  it  appro- 
priately employed,  the  margins  of  water  might 
be  made  to  surpass  even  the  natural  riverside 
vegetation.  In  the  majority  of  erases,  if  the  edges 
of  artificiarwater  are  clothed  at  all,  they  have  a 
monotonous  appearance,  on  account  of  the  con- 
tinuous fringes  of  plants  of  a  common-ijlace  type 
used,  whereas  if  a  greater  variety  of  kinds  t>l' 
varied  height,  habit,  and  tlower  were  employed, 
and  disposed  in  irregular  groups,  some  close  to 
the  margin,  some  at  a  distance  from  them,  and 
some  even  partly  submerged,  good  efiects  would 
be  obtained.  The  principal  consideration  is  :\ 
knowledge  of  tlic  positions  in  which  the  plant.-. 
thrive  best,  and  the  degree  of  moisture  in  vvbicli 
they  will  tlourish. 
The  grouping  of 
them  etlectually 
is  easily  accom- 
plished. The  fol- 
lowing consists  of 
vigorouis-growing 
plants  that,  in  fa- 
vorable localities 
when  once  plant- 
ed, will  take  care 
of  themselves. 

A  r  u  n  d  a  Con- 
spicua  (New  Zea- 
land Reed),  as 
well  as  the  Gy- 
nerium  Argen- 
teuni  (Pampas 
Grass)  flourish  by 
water  better  than 
any  other  posi- 
tion, providing 
there  is  n()t  an 
excessive  amount 
of  stagnant 
moisture  about 
the  roots.  One  or 
two  kinds  of  Kly- 
mus  (Lyne  Grass) 
are  excellent  for 
wet  places  where 
choicer  p  1  an  ts 
would  not  flour- 
ish. The  m  o  s  t 
suitable  being  E. 
Giganteus,  which 
grows  some  ■!  to  5 
feet  high.  E.  Vir- 
ginicus  and  E. 
Canadensis,  both 
native  species,  of 
tall,  vigorous 
growth.  ' 

Bamboo.s. 

There  is  no  oth- 
er type  of  harjl.v 
plants  from 
which  such  beau- 
tiful effects  can 
be  produced  by 
water  margins,  as 
the  various  kinds 
of      Bamboos 

which  thrive  in  our  climate.  Planted  by  the  side 
of  a  running  stream  or  near  the  margin  of  a  lake 
or  'pool,  they  succeed  and  soon  attain  a  great 
height.  Among  the  hardiest,  we  may  mention 
Arundinaria  Falcata,  Bambusa  Arundinacea, 
Metake,  Viridis  Glaucescens,  and  Nigra. 

Hedges  and  rushes  are  essentially  w.atcr  plants, 
and  many  of  them  give  good  eft'ects  when  plant- 
ed in  bold  groups.  For  this  purpose  some  ol  the 
finest  may  be  used.  Typha  Latifolia  (Reed 
Mace)  grows  in  tufts  of  two-rowed,  flat  leaves 
from  lyi  to  2  feet  long.  From  the  centre  of  each 
tuft  springs  a  stem  (i  or  7  feet  high,  which,  in  the 
flowering  season,  is  terminated  by  a  close,  cylin- 
drical spike  9  inches  long,  of  a  dark  olive  color, 
changing  to  a  brownish-black  as  it  ripens.  This 
is  one  of  the  most  striking  of  our  water-plants, 
and  may  be  usijd  with  excellent  effect.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  common  yellow  Flags,  several  other 
kinds  make  good  water-plants,  especially  Iris 
Slberica,  a  tall-growing  kind  with  glossy  foliage 
and  flowers  either  of  a  rich  jnirple  or  white.  Tne 
beautiful  Iris  Krempfcri.  although  not  of  a  large 
Bize,  must  be  included  in  this  list.  It  flourishes 
best  in  wet  places,  and  if  such  a  position  could 
be  allotted  to  it  where  the  water  now  and  then 


could  be  made  to  flow  over  the  soil,  it  would,  if 
planted  in  peaty  soil,  flourish  far  better  than  in 
an  ordinary  border. 

Pondeterias,  of  which  there  are  three  species, 
are  about  .3  feet  high.  They  have  arrow-shaped 
leaves  and  blue  flowers  of  various  tints,  pro- 
duced on  stout  stalks  well  above  the  foliage. 
They  require  to  be  put  in  one  foot  or  so  of  water, 
and  are  therefore  well  adapted  for  jjlanting  a 
little  w.ay  from  the  margin. 

Caladium  F]sculentuin  is  a  bold  plant,  liaving 
large  and  ini]>osing-htnking  leaves.  Its  grand 
out  lines  and  aspect,  when  well  developed,  make 
it  worthy  of  all  attention  and  of  a  prominent 
Ijosit.ion  wherever  the  climate  is  warm  enough 
for  its  growth.  It  is  not  hardy,  and  the  roots 
must  be  taken  up  in  the  fall. 

Water  Ijillies,  and  the  jilants  allied  to  them, 
have  a  beauty  specially  tiieir  own,  and  they  arc 
among  the  most  pleasant  objects  in  our  natural 
and  artilicial  waters  when  not  allowed  tobc(^ome 
to<»  densely  malted.  Kvei\v  kind  of  Water  Ial.v 
that  is  bardy  in  this  country  is  worth  obtaining 
and  growing.  The  aim  should  be  to  plant  them 
that  their  effect  shall  be  good  and  their  power  of 
s|ireading  limited.  11  is  possible  to  do  tliis  in  ar- 
lilicial  waters  by  conlining  the  rii^h  soil  !(►  cer- 
tain places.    The  common  Calla  will  also  tlourish 


spli'ndidly  in  water,  much  more  so  than  when 
^'rown  in  pots.  Besides  t lie  above  named,  there 
ai-e  dozens  of  other  small  as  well  as  large-growing 
native  plants  that  can  be  ttsed  to  .advantage. 
The  choice  depends  a  great  deal  on  the  locality, 
and  the  facilities  for  getting  them. 

RUELLIA    MACItANTHA. 

Our  florists  have  lost  sight  of  this  good  old 
plant,  yet  it  deserves  to  be  again  brought  into 
notice  because  of  its  merits,  and  especially  tie- 
cause  of  its  blooming  in  December  and  .lanuar.v 
with  the  greatest  of  freedom.  The  flowers  are  o.' 
a  rich  rose  color,  shaded  with  lilac,  and  give  the 
plant  at  all  times  a  cheerful  and  impressive  look. 
When  in  bloom  we  do  not  know  of  a  plant  that 
is  more  admired.  It  grows  siilcndidly  in  a 
temperature  of  .5.5  degrees,  and  is  therefore  most 
desirable  for  those  having  the  convenience  of  a 
small  green  house. 

Rose  Niphetos  in  a  Cool  House. 
It  is  well  known  that  Niphetos  is  not  only  one 
of  the  best  Si'ai>ed  roses  in  bud,  but  also  one  of 
the  whitest,  esjiecially  when  grown  under  glass 
outside.  Especially  in  cool  situations,  the  purity 
of  the  white  is  not  seldom  marred  by  a  dash  of 
greenish  yeliow.  But  much  depends  on  site  and 
temperature.    As  the  season  advances,  or  rather 


as  the  weather  becomes  reasonable,  doubtless 
the  Niiihetos  Rose  will  become  as  pure  as  a  Gar- 
denia, a  ilithcult  llowcr  to  mat<4i  in  whiteness. 
They  are  never  so  pertectly  beautiful,  however,  as 
when  a  small  portion  of  two  or  three  of  the  outer 
petals  are  slightly  sutlused  with  pink  on  the 
outer  edges.  This  dash  of  color  brings  out  the 
white  with  more  vividness. 

WiSTEKIA   SINENSIS. 

This  well-known  and  popular  climber  is  never 
seen  to  as  much  advantage  iis  when  allowed  to 
grow  naturally  among  large  trees,  where  it  hargs 
in  long  te.sjoons  and  produces  an  immense  mass 
of  bloom  in  the  early  spring  months. 
Foxgloves. 
Wild    Foxgloves   seldom    dilTer    in  color,  but 
when  cultivated  they  assume  a  variety  of  colors, 
I  and  include  white,  cream,  rose,  red,  deep  red' 
'  and  other  shades.     The  charm,  however,  of  these 
■  varieties  lies  in    pretty  throat-markings,  spots 
and    blotehings    of   deep    purple    and    maroon; 
these,  when  seen  in  large  flowers,  make  tbcm  rc- 
seinlile  Gloxinias,  hence  the  name  Gloxiniflora, 
applied  to  some  Hue.  spotted  kinds.    The  garden 
plants  are  more   robust,  the  stems  stouter,  and 
the  flowers  much  larger  than  those  of  the'wild 
plants,  and    they   make-    grand    border  flowers. 
Tlicy  look  Well  as  a  background  to  mixed  bijr- 
ders,  as.sociated 
with  other  tall- 
growing  subjects; 
and  theimproved 
varieties  are   de- 
sirable additions 
to   the  wild   gar- 
den, M'hcre,   if 
sown  or   planted 
in    bold    masses, 
they  have  a  fine 
eltect.     They  are 
good   too   among 
Rhododendrons, 
where     these 
bushes  are  not 
too  thickly  plant- 
ed,  and    t  b  ey- 
break  the  masses 
of  foliage  charm- 
ingly.    The  seed 
being  small,  it  is 
best  sown  in  pans 
or  boxes   under 
glass,    early    in 
May,    and    when 
the  young  plants 
are  well  up  they 
sluiuld  be  placed 
«  u  t    of  doors  to 
get     thoroughly 
hardened    before 
being    planted 
out.  Where  plant- 
ed in    shruhber.v 
borders,  it  is  well 
to    make    varied 
clumps    of  seve- 
ral plants,  as  they 
produce    a    finer 
effect  than  when 
set   singl.v.      Not 
unfrequently  the 
Foxglove  blooms 
two  years  in  suc- 
cession, but  in  all 
cases  it  is  well  to 
sow  a  little  seed 
annually,  and   if 
there    be    any  to 
spare,  it  may  be 
scattered  in  other 
places    where     it 
may  be  desirable  to  estal)lish  the  plants.    Those 
who  do  not  <lesire  to  sa\e  the  seed  should  cutout 
the  centre  spike  as  sot>n  as  it  gets  shabby,  and 
the  side-sh(»ots  will  be  considerably  benefitted 
Ihereb.v,  especiall.v  if  a  good  supply  of  water  be 
given  in  dr.v  weather.      In   the  case  of  a    good 
variety,  a  side-shoot  will  supply  an  abundance 
of  seed. 

Cleaning  Palms. 
Dfrlng  this  and  next  month.  Palms  arc  very 
li.able  to  become  afl'ected  with  rod  spider  and 
scale,  and  to  7irevent  this,  fhej'  should  be  syr- 
inged frequently.— say  twice  a  da.v.  A  good 
sponging  of  the  leaves  with  soap-suds  will  keep 
them  fresh  and  bright  looking. 

Chrysanthemums. 
No  doubt  you  have  a  fine  lot  of  these  popular 
plants  growing  in  your  garden,  intended  to  send 
to  your  locid  exhiltition  next  fall.  If  so,  take 
good  care  of  them  during  these  hot  days.  Fre- 
quent s.vringing  ^\■ill  "be  necessary  to  keep  down 
aphides.-  Branches  should  Jje  checked  and  well 
spread  out,  so  as  to  let  the  light  and  air  in  "  every 
nook  and  corner"  of  the  plants.  Wcekl.v  soak- 
ings  with  luanure  water  will  als<t  be  ftuind  bene- 
flcial,  and  a  mulching  with  manure  will  be  still 
better.   But  why  talk  any  more  about  them  here. 


THE   FARM   AND   GARDEN. 


•5 


If  you  are  really  interested   in   those  beautifu!  i  with    very    large,    much-divided,  spiny    leaves," 
plants,  send  for  Hailock,  Son  &  Thorpe's  cata-  '  which  very  much  resemble  those  of  the  Angelica 

I  tree  of  North  America.  It  attains  a  height  of  six 
to  ten  feet,  which  is  probably  much  exceeded 
when  well  established  in  favorable  localities.  It 
is  of  the  highest  importance  for  the  sub-tropical 
garden.  As  to  its  treatment,  it  seems  to  thrive 
with  the  greatest  vigor  in  well-drained,  deep 
loam,  and  would  grow  well  in  ordinary  garden 
soil,  in  some  sheltered  or  sunny  spot ;  it  may  also 
be  grouped  with  like  subjects,  always  allowing 
space  for  the  spread  of  its  immense  leaves.  It 
may  be  used  in  large  flower  gardens  for  the  sake 
of  its  decorative  appearance.  For  parks,  or  for 
planting  on  the  lawn  it  is  excellent. 

UILIES. 

This  month,  lilies  have  been  in  all  their  glory. 
The  beautiful  Auratum  eclipses  them  all  in  size 
and  fragrance.  It  is  one  of  the  grandest  of  lilies, 
now  too  well-known  to  need  any  description. 
Some  of  the  best  forms  have  flowers  nearly  one 
foot  across,  witli  broad,  white  petals,  copiously 
spotted  with  rcddish-ln-own,  and  with  broad 
bands  of  golden  yellow  down  the  centre  of  each. 

L.  Tenuifoliuni  is  one  of  the  brightest  colored 
ones  of  this  ground.  Planted  in  front  of  a  clump 
of  bright  ureen  shrubbery,  its  color  is  still  more 
intensified.  Its  graceful,  wax-like  flowers,  of 
lovely  Vermillion  scarlet,  cannot  fail  to  impart 
unalloyed  pleasure  to  all  lovers  of  the  beautiful 
in  nature. 

Ij.  Pulchellum  and  Concolor  are  both  pretty, 
small-growing  lilies  from  Japan,  one  to  three  feet 
high,  bearing  from  three  to  six  bright  scarlet 
flowers,  not  nearly  as  prettj'  as  Tenuifolium,  but 
very  useful  in  the  garden. 

h.  Coridion.  Flowers  somewhat  larger  than 
the  above,  and  of  a  rich  yellow,  spotted  with 
brown  ;  harmonizes  well  with  the  varieties  men- 


ish.^: 


\m^^\  \\    v:;'^  ^V^ 


,     '  ^^"^^^^^V^x  \\. 


FOXGLOVES. 


logue,  (Queens,  N.  Y,).  It  will  tell  you  all  about 
them  that  is  worth  knowing. 
Iris. 
Now  that  these  gorgeous  flowers  are  about, 
many  people  wonder  why  they  have  been  looked 
upon  as  weeds.  To  our  mind,  few  plants  equal 
them  in  their  exquisite  coloring.  Particularly 
handsome  are  Reticula,  Iberica,  Wusiana.and  the 
numerous  varieties  of  Germanica  and  Anglica, 
while  Iris  Koempferi  is,  perhaps,  tlie  handsomest 
of  all.  It  is  perfectly  hardy,  and  flowers  jn  the 
greatest  profusion  during  June  and  July.  If  you 
have  had  the  good  luck  to  see  them  in  bloom, 
you  certainly  will  not  forget  to  plant  some  next 
fall. 

A  Cheap  iNSEcmciDE. 

Mealy  bugs  arc  undoubtedly  about  the  worst 
pest  to  deal  with  in  the  green-house.  When  once 
established,  they  are  almost  sure  to  stay  there. 
The  difficulty  in  getting  rid  of  them  is  that  they 
do  not  confine  themselves  to  the  plant,  but  also 
secrete  themselves  in  the  wood  and  brick-work 
as  well  as  near  the  roots  of  some  of  their  favor- 
ites. Happily  the  difficulty  of  dealing  with  them 
has  been  much  reduced  since  coal  oil  has  been 
found  to  annihilate  wherever  it  reaches  them. 
From  the  low  price  at  which  this  can  be  had, 
and  the  highly  diluted  state  in  which  it  can  be 
used,  it  is  certainly  the  cheapest  insecticide 
known.  About  a  small  wineglassful  to  a  gallon 
of  water  is  the  quantity  recommended.  It  should 
be  thoroughly  mixed,  and  applied  with  a  syringe. 

DiMOKPlIANTHUS   M ANDSCHUKICUS. 

In  answer  to  inquiry  about  this  plant,  we 
would  say  that  it  is  a  handsome,  hardy  shrub, 


tioned.  These  charming  lilies  are  quite  hardy, 
although  they  require  a  little  care  in  cultivating. 
They  succed  in  half-shady  places,  in  a  soil  com- 
posed of  two  parts  peat,  one  of  loam,  and  one  of 
road  scrapings ;  but  the  plants  seem  to  need  re- 
newing every  few  years.  When  not  grown  in  a 
special  lily  l)ed,  they  are  well  suited  for  grouping 
among  smaller  and  choicer  evergreens. 

L.  Speciosum.  or  Lancifolium,  as  it  is  errone- 
ously called,  is  one  of  the  most  popular  for  pot 
culture,  but  it  is  none  the  less  desirable  for  the 
open  air,  though  it  cannot  be  grown  to  such  per- 
fection as  under  glass,  as  it  is  of  a  somewhat  deli- 
cate nature.  All  the  varieties  of  Ii.  Speciosuiu 
require  a  sheltered  situation,  protected  from 
winds  and  draughts,  and  a  rich,  loamy  soil, 
mixed  with  peat    and    leaf-mold.    They  flower 


mostly  in  August,  and  last  longer  in  bloom  than 
many  other  lilies.  In  warm  and  sheltered  places,, 
where  their  blooms  may  be  fully  developed,  very 
good  use  can  be  made  of  them. 

Society  of  American  Florists. 
We  again  call  the  attention  of  the  trade  to  the 
meeting  of  the  Society  of  American  Fhjrisis,  In 
Cincinnati,  on  August  12th  in  14th.  There  will 
be  a  grand  and  interesting  s1h)\v.  Kediu-ed  rates 
have  been  contracted  for  from  Philadclithia,  New 
York,  and  other  prominent  points,  it  is  expec- 
ted that  125  florists  from  New  York  and  vicinity 
will  attend,  and  a  grand  atfair  is  promised.  Do^ 
not/ail  to  be  there. 


HANDSOME    HYBRID    ROSES. 


Among  the  many  beautiful  Hybrid  Perpetual' 
Roses,  one  which  has  played  a  conspicuous  part 
for  the  last  eighteen  years  is  Baroness  Rothschild,, 
which  was  raised  in  France,  in  1S(J7.  It  is  a  large, 
full  and  well  made  flower,  cupped  form,  and  usu- 
ally very  symmetrical.  The  color  is  a  soft  rose, 
or  light  pink.  It  is  a  free  bloomer,  a  vigorous 
grower,  and  one  of  the  hardiest  of  the  Perpetuals. 
It  is  an  excellent  autumn  bioomer,  and  is  highly 
prized  as  an  exhibition  variety.  Its  one  lack  is 
a  deticiency  of  odor.  The  foliage  of  this  flower 
stands  up  close  around  it,  giving  it  a  flne  setting. 
The  fine  form  and  color,  and  the  other  good 
qualities  of  this  variety  should  secure  it  a  place 
in  every  good  collection  of  hardy  Roses.  Baroness 
Rothschild  is  distinguished  by  the  number  of 
other  fine  sort  it  has  given  rise  to  as  sports.  One 
of  these,  Mabel  Morrison,  has  the  characteristics 
of  and  constitution  of  its  parent,  varying  only 
by  its  color,  ft  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  of 
the  white,  or  so  called  white.  Hybrid  Perpetuals. 
The  flowers  are  beautiful  in  form,  semi-double,, 
cup-shaped,  usually  a  creamy  white  on  first  ex- 
panding, and  then  changing  to  a  delicately  tinted 
shade  of  rose,  and  in  either  aspect  admirable  iu 
the  highest  degree.  In  the  close  setting  of  the 
foliage  around  the  flower,  Mabel  Morrison  even 
surpasses  its  parent,  and  this  habit  is  an  attrac- 
tion of  great  value.  It  originated  in  England  in 
1878,  and  has  not  yet  become  known  as  widely  as 
it  deserves;  one  cause  of  this  Is  probably  because 
it  does  not  grow  freely  from  cuttings,  and  many 
lirofessional  rose-growers  in  this  country  prepa- 
gate  in  no  other  way.  Some,  however,  increase 
it,  as  well  as  several  other  varieties,  by  budding, 
on  strong-growing  stocks,  and  in  this  way  it 
makes  a  very  satisfactory  plant,  if  properly  cared 
for. —  Vick's  Magazine  for  August. 


GROUNDS  OF  JAY   GOULD. 


Every  one  has  an  idea  that  Mr.  Gould  has  an 
exceptionally  fine  property  at  Irvington,  N.  Y. 
Few  realize,  however,  that  it  is  fast  becoming  a 
place  which  will  eventually  rank  with  some  of 
the  best  of  those  in  Europe.  Tlie  grounds  are 
very  extensive,  several  hundred  acres,  and  the 
portions  near  the  house  are  beautifully  varied  in 
character.  The  immediate  fore-ground  slopes  to 
the  Hudson  River,  and  Mr.  Mangold,  Mr.  Gould's 
superintendent,  has  introduced  some  particularly 
bold  and  effective  groups  of  trees,  which  serve 
to  heighten  and  emphasize  the  naturally  bold 
character  of  the  scenery  in  a  particularly  happy 
manner.  Much  of  the  planting  and  grouping  ia 
yet  in  a  transition  state. 

The  magnificent  new  range  of  conservatories 
erected  four  years  ago,  are  now  filled  completely, 
and  j'ielding  splendid  results.  The  luxuriant 
health  and  high  keeping  of  every  department 
speaks  volumes  for  the  thorough  practical  knowl- 
edge and  executive  ability  of  Mr.  Mangold.  In 
the  Palm  house  he  had  collected  over  three  hun- 
dred species  of  Palms,  and  by  the  use  of  stages 
the  very  large  house  is  already  completely  filled. 
There  are  fifteen  houses  in  the  conservatory 
range,  embracing  four  vineries,  Peach  houses, 
Camellia  house,  Rhododendron  house,  Fern 
house.  Orchid  house.  Rose  house.  IMtcher  plants, 
Crotons  and  greenhouses.  Besides  the  main 
range  there  is  a  range  of  smaller  but  indispensa- 
ble houses;  in  these  are  many  gems  of  the  col- 
lection, liapageria  alba,  Ouvirandra  fenestralis, 
Bertolonias,  and  hundreds  of  others. 


INJAC^ARAWHITE  GRAPE.   MARLBORO  Raspberry. 
H.  S.  AyPERSON,  Pmon  Springs,  N.Y.  Catalogue /r*- 


14  for  SI. 00 
«    "         .50 

THOMAS  G.   HAROLD 


ROSES^ 


1st  Quality  only. 
I  MO, 000    PluiitH    at 
I'liuully   low   pricea. 
Kingston.  Somerut  Co.,  Maryland. 


pn  ORNAMENTAL  ^^ 

Foliage  plantS 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 

BEDDING  PLANTS. 

CATAI>OGlIE  niAILEU  ON  APPI>lC!ATION. 

DAVID  FERCUSSON  &  SONS- 

Rldge  and  Lehigh  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


M\J^ 


I  U      tree  by  mull.      9\ .  Ulf 


1  4»n 


iitiu,  i  l'eri.'Uf«.  i  Mum- 


"pui  _  _. 

lilluriu,  1  EeliliiopHfSr  1  £. 
I'lPMpiloMUA,  1  K.  8ctl8plnu8^ 
1  KliipMullH,  and  8  oilier  \arie- 
iiL-.  Colli-'ciioiis  of  II)  to  MO  vari'a. 
A.  lil.uic,  314  N.  mil  Si.,  rtiilii..  Pa. 


ncluding  a  full  set  of  extra  J 

(Attachments,  needles, 

oil  and  usual  outfit  of  la  pieces  with 

each.   Clu«ranleed  ferfect.    >^arrEntcil& 

rare.     Iluidsome  sad  Durable.    Don't 

a;  $40  or  SoO  for  marhinei  do  brttrr. 


17 


rVe  will  send  them  anywhere  on  16  daj»* 
irUt  l>efr.re  paying-.  Circulars  and  full 
particulars  Tree  by  addressing 


£.  V.  HUWE  A  CO., 

i:»  Morlh  6th  St.,      rlliu.,  Fi. 
haak  ligx  1087. 


J  6 


THE    FARM    AND    GARDEN. 


/ 


EUBLISHBI^S'  DEPAI^TMBNin. 


Enleied  nl  FhilMlctpliia  I'ost  Office  as  Second  CKihs  Matter 
CHILPBROS.  li  CO.,  PuiiiishCTs,  Tlo  Filbert  St..  PhlladelpbU.  Pn. 

A  B  Fitrquhar,  York.  Pa.,  sends  his  catalogue  oi 
En"ii«s  Drils.  and  olber  Ai;ricullural  Implenienls 
He°  "o1  e  of  the  most  enterprising'  men  in  his  line  ol 
bnliness,  and  you  should  send  lor  his  prices. 

The  First  Annua!  Conyenlion.of  the  American  Society 
of  Florists  will  be  lie  d  in  Cincinnati.  August  12th,  l.ltli, 
and  IJth  All  the  arrangements  are  complete,  and 
everything  points  to  a  successful  meeting. 

•■  Pitlv  Years  amnns  Small  Fruits."  by  Wm.  Parry, 
P'urvPO  N.J.  This  valuable  pamphlet  treats  ot. the 
^^riouf  sYindara  varieties  of  small  truits,  and  gives 
miich  vaUiable  information.  It  is  written  m  the  veuera- 
b  e  I  ort  cultnralist's  usual  good  style  and  sllytlW  be  in 
thi  hands  of  all  who  are  interested  in  fruits;  lo  ceuts,  b.^ 
mail. 

Mr  Cbas.  F.  Evans,  Station  F,  Philadelphia,  Pa  ,  tells 
o*tliat  he  with  aniither  American,  bought  am^lier 
remucalile  ■■ose  from  the  tamons  rcsfr-grower  of  En^- 
fand  Mr  Bennett.  The  new  candidate  for  favor  is 
eaUe'd  "  He? Majestv,"  and  is  the  largest  and  finest  rose 
ever  inti^duced.  We  hope  to  give  our  readers  an  illus- 
tratiou  of  it  this  fall. 

■  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Stokes;  formerly  at  1114  and  now 
at  their  new  and  much  more  commodious  warehouse. 
219  Market  Street.  Philadelphia.  Pa.  have  added  a  live- 
stock department  to  their  seed  business.  They  have 
Pure-bred  Swine.  Slieep.  Collie  DogS.  and  Poultry  of  the 
flnest  blooils.  Their  advertisement  appears  on  page  ■* 
of  this  number,  ind  we  take  pleasure  in  recommending 
them  to  our  readers. 

BUTTER   BUYERS 

Everywhere  are  refusing  to  take  while,  lardy-looking 
liutteV. except  at  "grease"  prices.  Consiiiners  want 
jiothin"  bul  gilt-edged  bnller,  and  buyers  tbeieloi,,  1 1- 
con  mend  th.  ir  palnms  to  keep  a  uinlormcoloilhruu^  li- 
ont  t  p  .'a.  In-  isnm  the  Improved  Butler  Color  made 
hv  \VelN  Ui.iuirdson  &  Co.,  Burlingtrtn.  Vt  .  II  i»  he 
Silv  color  that  can  be.  relied  on  to  never  injure  the 
butler,  and  lo  always  give  the  perlect  color.  Sold  by 
druggists  and  merchants.  j 

Akt  NoTES.-The  Boston  Terra  Colta  Company  has  i 
prodncefl  a  very  handsome  and  unuiue  m:inlflim-ce. 
represenliug  four  kneelliig  children  Wllhil..v.;^.  the  de- 
sis';  being  taken  fro.uone  of  Prang's  Pri.e  Cl.mlmas 
cardi.f.,ru  former  season,  by  Miss  Anne  O.Morse.  R. 
Swain  ciirrord's  painting  "  Near  the  Coast. 'which  re- 
ceived one  of  four  prizes  of  $->.500  each,  at  the  recent 
Ni-w  York  Prize  Fund  Exhibition  of  the  Anuilran  Art 
Assornillun,  will  remain  in  New  \  ork  and  bei-..ine  t  be 
lirooertv  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum.  Mr.  t.in.M.ls 
w.irk  his  become  most  iWdely  known  by  his  ■  (lasisoi 
Filiach  In  Algiers."  which. has  been  reproduce.l  b.v  1 
Pl-lli"&  l.'o.,  in  excellent  imilatinn  ot  ihe  wateiH-..!  .1 
effects  of  the  original.  By  lot  the  dest.nalu.n  ol  the 
«>l,her  three  prize  pictures  will  he:  Le  t  i-epuseule, 
ov  .Ue.xander  riarilson.  to  the  Museum  of  I  ine  .\rls  of 
St.  Louis;  "A  Rough  Day,  Entrance  fo  the  Harboi  of 
HiirHeur."  by  Frank  M.  Boggs,  t.i  the  Museum  o(  I  uie 
Arts  at  Bo.stoii;  and  "  The  Last  Sacrament,"  t>v  Henry 
Mosler.  In  the  Polytechnic  Institute,  ot  Louisville. 


BALL'S 


CORSETS 


The  0\L\  cORSETmadeth.itcan he  returned  by 
its  purch.iser  aft,  r  three  w.-.-k!'  u,-.nr,  if  iii.t^found 
PERFECTLY   SATISFACTORY 

in  every  respect.. -ind  its  [.nee  retundeil  by  seller. 
MadelnaT,arletvof  stylesaiid  prices.  Sold  by  brvt- 
cl\='f  dealers  ever\-*vb,-T,-.  P.. -ware  of  worthle-s  niu- 
tafions.    None  tremiine  without  Bairsnnm.- on  b,jx. 

CHICAGO  CORSET  CO..  Chicago,  III. 
FO Y '  HARIVION  &  CO.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

PREPARED 

FERTILIZING  SALT. 

Send  for  "Salt  Sayings."     Write  for  Prices. 

Car  Zots.  on  (yir  at  Yuitr  Roilu-a'/  Slatioyi. 

E.  S.  FITCH,  BAY  CITY,  MICHJCAN. 


THE  DICK  PATENT  FEED  CUTTER 

For  cuinn-  Iliiy.  ."^iraw.  Kn.silaec.  etc.  Thr<,iily 
culler  lli:u  uiU  cut  :iiul  split  coriislalks,  Caiiju.l  he 
dimiaL;ed  bj'  uvei'-leediiig.  Very  durable  aiulstruim. 
Has  strui^bt,  lit^iivy  knives.  Cuts  Odiflereiil  lengilis.  lij 
built  in  varutiis  sizes,  and  sold  lo  suit  the  liirle.N.  THOS. 
G.  SMEOLEY.  Gen  Agt..  Willislown  Inn  P.  0..  ChesferCo.,  Pa. 


4  BOOKS  ONLY  50  CENTS. 

■  In  "I  il.-r  In  iiL!niil|]'-<-  iJi'-  luw  book  "Il<nv  tu  I'rop- 
agate  and  (iruSv  I  riiits,""  100  Toi'i' ■>.  50  lilii-ua- 
lioiis.  -J  (  (iliHfit  pinles,  pricp  5t)  cents.  We  will  snnd  it, 
and  alvo  "1000  Fncts."  price  30  e'en ts.  "Horse 
I5<i«k,*"  -"^nents;  and  Teiiiperaiiec  Volume*  30  cents; 
all  lour  bookH  for  only  dO  cents,  and  ii>r  *i5  cents 
addUional  (TSeenis  in  ain.lhe  FARMER'SM  AC  AZINK 
oue  year.  Sample  copy  of  magazine  I'ree.  Act 
pronipilv.  Hiul  vou  will  never  lesi'et  it.  Address 
POTTS  iniOS..  PARKESBURG.  CHESTER  COUNTY.  PA. 


ISEED  WHEAT! 

ALL  CHOICE  NEW  AND  STANDARD  VARIETIES. 
II> Ill-id  3lodiliMTaiir,Til.  (iolilcn  Prolifie. 
iTnrininninn  l(e<l,  >fnifinN  AidIiit.  Tusrnii 
llsland.  llecl  illclifevraiiean.  Oelaware 
lAinber,  Fultz,  &c..  at  I.OW  PKICE.X.  Our 
InEW  fall,  C.M'ALOGIE  mailed  FIlliE. 

JOHNSON   &  STOKES, 

t-EKnsMES, 
*219  .Uarket  Siren,  Philadelpbia,  Pa. 


«,!J.?.«'?.,  GUERNSEYS  AND  JERSEYS. 

T.  \V-\l/ri'll  it  SONS.  Wi.^T  (  Ill>TliK.  Pa. 

>  Tin-  SAVIl>r:E.  100cc«« 
iS-il.OO.       DilleicnT    si/.i-s. 

Ill««*#.»>-|  ■   >».  .J  Never  fails.    Sent  un  trial. 

I  C.  \V.  SAVIDGi:,  J524  HunlinQilon  SI..  PhllaJ'a.  Pa. 


•  Ml  *r5*RAWBTTE  GKAPE.  MARLBORO BnplieiTy. 
|S'£A£3^0NjJDionSj2mgrkY^C|t^U|^ 


inM^ 


12 


Entirely  new, Golden  Motto, Hidden  Name  Cards, 
no  iwu  alike,  10c.  NAS.SAUCARDCO.,Nasaaa,U.  ^  , 


VIIDUIB  CCrn  of  alltlie  most  approved  varieties 
TUnNIr  OttU  50et»^rerll)..i".<<i-pni,l.    B 


ure-is  .sweiH.    Seven  Toll  Turnip,  lor  eowIoq  at  a  ler 
IJIiier,  15c.  per  lb:  C.  B.  ROGERS,  141  Markel  St.,  PJ^da. 


press,  ."jo  ets. 


Pa, 


70 
100 


New  Scrap  Picture.s  and  12  Hidden  Name  Cards  J  J) 
L-ls.  Sample  Book  5c.  L.  JONES  &  CO.,  Nattau.  N.  Y. 

Scrap  Pictures,  no  2  alike,  and  set  of  4  laroe  <;eiii 
Cbroiiios  for  10c.    C.  OePUV,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


inn  L.VRGK  Fanev  .\dverlisinel'ard.<.  al 

iUU  ent,  lor  30  cts.    CAKll  WORKS,  Montpel 


Card.),  alldiffer- 
ier,  Vt. 


THE  WONDERrUL  CAMERA  LUCIDA,     Equal  to  an  eye  in 
I  ilie  lj;iik  of  vonr  li.iiil.    Willi  it  ymi   can  see  persons 
biliinil  Mill  u  i'lhniit  In-iM'.;  se.-n  liv  lliem.    Price,  1*2  cts. 
STAR  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  Manayunk,  Penna. 


kPERA  GLASSES'/«c;<«,'Biiiomffrr.<.  Tlier- 


t .ync7-oscoi)e,-i,  Tytesrojiex.  .Spec- 
t  tactt-K,  Bat-onh  *  '.'.-.- 
r^)/i  ic    Outfits  /o 


Omoni'lrr^.    ph  r,  t  na  i  ■'  p  li  i  c   Outfits  /or  Ainatrvrs, 
W.  H.  WALMSLEY  ft  CO.,  successors  to  R.  &  J.  Beck, 
Philadelphia.    Illustrated  Price-List  free  lo  any  arid reKs. 

SU/^n^U  A  MrtWrillncWioroKBW.v/ai/n/K 
ni/K  I  n  AlvUliviiiail  or  iieraonnlly. 
ituntions  procured  l'"r  pupils  when  competent, 
end  for  circular.  \\  .  «;.  (H.^F FKK.  Oswego,  >.  Y. 


100 


Fine  Printed  Envelopes  while  or  assorted  col- 
ors, with  name,  business,  and  address  on  all 
for  40  cts.,  5(J  for  2Sols.  Cards  and  I^lterheads 
at  same  price.  C.K  C.  VePVY ,.S!/racu.^f.  \.  Y. 


TURNIP  SEEDS! 

TURNIP  SEEDS! 


DIP  DftV  For  Introducinir  BUCKEYE  CHURN. 
DiU   rHT  Address,  BUCKEYE  CHURN  CO..  Ounilee,  Mich. 

*1QCin  lONFEOERATE  MONEY  sent  lor  •J.'ic.  or  $60 
O.^Ov  lor  10c.  List  showini:  premium  p;ii<l  for  i-are 
r.  S.  coins  10c.    T.  S.  Crayton.  Jr..  Arttenon.  S.  C. 


A 


f^  t  /\   ^\  IT  rr  r  D   to  Introdnce  tbem,  wa 

DIU  Ur  r  t  iT.wmoivE  AWAY1.«"0 

8olf-OperatiDg  WaeblD^  Machinea.      If  yon  want  ona 
send  us  yoar  name,  midrcfl-.  and  expreae  office  Rt  once. 

THE  NATIONAL  CO.  23  OEY  STREET,  N.Y- 


NdAr  CROP- 
PUREST  QUALITY. 

CATALOCUES  AND   PUICE-LIST.  WHOLE- 
SALK  on  K  K.TAIL.  IPON  APPLICATION. 

D.  LANDRETH  &  SONS, 

•il  and  !i3  .solTH  SIXTH  STKEli-T. 

AMI 

DELAWARE  AVENl'E  and  ARCH  STREET. 
PUILABELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  "INDLVN  Hl'NTER"  we  call 

tlii.s.     Blades  are  nie-Iexted  and  keen. 

JL,b  iiij  iiai  die  Oermansllver  finish.   Piice 

h\  in  111  ?1  (X)    three  for  J"i50.    Boys  strong 

jOctb    Ladies' Pearl -'-blade  (i,^  cts" 

Gents'  fine  iM.Iatle  Jl. 

4tl-PAGE  J,  1ST  FREE. 

Also. 
"How  lo  Usea  Razor." 

•'-        ^ 


FINE  GROUND  LAND  PLASTER, 

KAINIT-^S^taTJSALT 

FOK  FERTILIZING  PIKPOSEA.  j 

Our  copyriRhtc'd  p.iniphlet  oo  *'Kaln]t,  how  to  u«e  It,  ete.," 
mailed  free  to  iuiy  address,  on  ftpplicaiinn  to  us.     S  A  LT — '^"  '■=' 
rietie3  for  Butter  and  Table  u»*e  con-tautlv  on  hand,  for  srtl.-  it: 
lots  to  I      ALEX.  KERK,  BKO.  A  CO..  (EMaMUlied  IR49) 
suit.  I  Pier  8,  North  WhnrvCH,  Phllud'm  Pa. 


Headqunrters  for  all  articles  used  by 
horsemen,  works  on  the  Horse,  horse  pic- 
tures, road,  track,  and  racing  pictures; 
celebrated  horses,  200subjects;  veterinary 
medicines  and  horse  goods  of  every  de- 
scription. Price  list  of  SCO  articles  needed 
liy  hor.sempn  mailed  free. 
rf.H.TUTTJLE.-JS  Nassau  «t.,3li.Y. 


MAKT.imRO    RASPBERKY,     FOKEKP-^li: 
RED,  ULSTER  PROLIFIC,  and  Ouchess  Grapes. 

Send    to   the    originators    for   description  and    trnns. 
A.  J.  CAYWOOD  &  SO/i/S.  Marlboro.  New  York. 


PATENTS 


THOS.  P.SIM PSOX.Wa.sliinqton,^. 
C.  No  pay  fisked  lor  piitent  mitil  nb- 
taiued.    Write  for  luventoral  Guide. 


AGENTS 
WANTED 


It  Is  the  best  selllne 
tocJl  on  earth. 


PULVERIZING  HARROW, 
^Clod  Crusher, 
and  Leveler. 


Send    for    Pamphlei    containing  Thousands    of  Tesfimonlals  from    48    different    States    and    Terriloriet. 
BRANCH  OFFICK:  MACU   Si    DDATIICD  Manuliclorv  and  Principal  once : 


HART?.  IS  BURG,  Penna. 


MILLINGTON,  New  Jersey. 


N.B  -"TILLAGE  IS  MANURE  ANn  OTUEB  ESSAYS."  .sknt   i  kee  to  I'abties  who  NAME  THIS  PAPER. 


New  York  Botanical   Garden   Libran 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiniii"'"iiiiiiii; 


3  5185  00292  508: